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Lőrincz H, Csiha S, Ratku B, Somodi S, Sztanek F, Paragh G, Harangi M. Associations between Serum Kallistatin Levels and Markers of Glucose Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nondiabetic Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6264. [PMID: 38892451 PMCID: PMC11173135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin is an endogenous serine proteinase inhibitor with various functions, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. To date, associations between kallistatin and lipoprotein subfractions are poorly investigated. In this study, we enrolled 62 obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), 106 nondiabetic obese (NDO) subjects matched in gender, age, and body mass index, as well as 49 gender- and age-matched healthy, normal-weight controls. Serum kallistatin levels were measured with ELISA, and lipoprotein subfractions were analyzed using Lipoprint® (Quantimetrix Corp., Redondo Beach, CA, USA) gel electrophoresis. Kallistatin concentrations were significantly higher in T2D patients compared to NDO and control groups. We found significant positive correlations between very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), betatrophin, and kallistatin, while negative correlations were detected between mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size, large and intermediate HDL subfractions, and kallistatin in the whole study population. The best predictor of kallistatin was HbA1c in T2D patients, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and betatrophin in NDO patients, and hsCRP in controls. Our results indicate that kallistatin expression might be induced by persistent hyperglycemia in T2D, while in nondiabetic subjects, its production might be associated with systemic inflammation. The correlation of kallistatin with lipid subfractions may suggest its putative role in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sára Csiha
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ratku
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Somodi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sztanek
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group 11003, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Yang ZW, Ji JJ, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Guo JQ, Ma GS, Yao YY. Kallistatin Improves High-Fat-Induced Insulin Resistance via Epididymal Adipose Tissue-Derived Exosomes. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:388-400. [PMID: 37542393 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Studies have found that high expression of human Kallistatin (HKS) in adipose tissue can improve obesity and its associated comorbidities, but the underlying mechanism of specific regulation is unclear. Methods: An obesity model was built by injecting 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice (n = 6 mice per group) with (Ad.Null and (Ad.HKS adenovirus into epididymal adipose tissue and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Insulin resistance-related proteins, AKT and IRS1, were detected in the liver, subcutaneous fat, and skeletal muscle by western blotting after one month of HFD. Epididymal adipose tissue was isolated after 24 h for culture, and exosomes were extracted by differential centrifugation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected the expression of HKS protein in serum and exosomes. To examine the role of exosomes in AML12 insulin resistance, we used epididymal adipose tissue-derived exosomes or transfected (Ad.HKS into mature 3T3L1-derived exosomes to interfere with palmitic acid (PA)-induced mouse AML12 insulin resistance model. GW4869 was used to inhibit exosome biogenesis and release. Results: Our results showed that HFD-induced mice with high expression of HKS in epididymal adipose tissue had slower weight gain, lower serum triglycerides, reduced free fatty acids, and improved liver insulin resistance compared with the (Ad.Null group. We also demonstrated that HKS was enriched in epididymal adipose tissue-derived exosomes and released through the exosome pathway. In PA-induced AML12 cells, insulin resistance was alleviated after incubation of the HKS-related exosome; this effect was reversed with GW4869. Conclusion: High expression of HKS in epididymal adipose tissue could lead to its exocrine secretion in the form of exosomes and improve liver insulin resistance by promoting the phosphorylation of AKT. Production of high HKS vesicles might be a possible way to alleviate insulin resistance associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gen-Shan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Yu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Sandforth L, Brachs S, Reinke J, Willmes D, Sancar G, Seigner J, Juarez-Lopez D, Sandforth A, McBride JD, Ma JX, Haufe S, Jordan J, Birkenfeld AL. Role of human Kallistatin in glucose and energy homeostasis in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101905. [PMID: 38431218 PMCID: PMC10937158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kallistatin (KST), also known as SERPIN A4, is a circulating, broadly acting human plasma protein with pleiotropic properties. Clinical studies in humans revealed reduced KST levels in obesity. The exact role of KST in glucose and energy homeostasis in the setting of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is currently unknown. METHODS Kallistatin mRNA expression in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) of 47 people with overweight to obesity of the clinical trial "Comparison of Low Fat and Low Carbohydrate Diets With Respect to Weight Loss and Metabolic Effects (B-SMART)" was measured. Moreover, we studied transgenic mice systemically overexpressing human KST (hKST-TG) and wild type littermate control mice (WT) under normal chow (NCD) and high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. RESULTS In sWAT of people with overweight to obesity, KST mRNA increased after diet-induced weight loss. On NCD, we did not observe differences between hKST-TG and WT mice. Under HFD conditions, body weight, body fat and liver fat content did not differ between genotypes. Yet, during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (ipGTT) insulin excursions and HOMA-IR were lower in hKST-TG (4.42 ± 0.87 AU, WT vs. 2.20 ± 0.27 AU, hKST-TG, p < 0.05). Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies with tracer-labeled glucose infusion confirmed improved insulin sensitivity by higher glucose infusion rates in hKST-TG mice (31.5 ± 1.78 mg/kg/min, hKST-TG vs. 18.1 ± 1.67 mg/kg/min, WT, p < 0.05). Improved insulin sensitivity was driven by reduced hepatic insulin resistance (clamp hepatic glucose output: 7.7 ± 1.9 mg/kg/min, hKST-TG vs 12.2 ± 0.8 mg/kg/min, WT, p < 0.05), providing evidence for direct insulin sensitizing effects of KST for the first time. Insulin sensitivity was differentially affected in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Mechanistically, we observed reduced Wnt signaling in the liver but not in skeletal muscle, which may explain the effect. CONCLUSIONS KST expression increases after weight loss in sWAT from people with obesity. Furthermore, human KST ameliorates diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in mice, while differentially affecting skeletal muscle and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Thus, KST may be an interesting, yet challenging, therapeutic target for patients with obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontine Sandforth
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Reinke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana Willmes
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Gencer Sancar
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judith Seigner
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Juarez-Lopez
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arvid Sandforth
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey D McBride
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sven Haufe
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany; Department of Diabetes, Life Sciences & Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine & Life Sciences, King's College London, UK.
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Wu Y, Jiang Y, Guo JQ, Yang ZW, Carvalho A, Qian LL, Ji JJ, Ji ZJ, Ma GS, Yao YY. Visceral adipose tissue-directed human kallistatin gene therapy improves adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic health in obese mice. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110637. [PMID: 36813150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue remodeling is a dynamic process that is pathologically expedited in the obese state and is closely related to obesity-associated disease progression. This study aimed to explore the effects of human kallistatin (HKS) on adipose tissue remodeling and obesity-related metabolic disorders in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Adenovirus-mediated HKS cDNA (Ad.HKS) and a blank adenovirus (Ad.Null) were constructed and injected into the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) of 8-weeks-old male C57B/L mice. The mice were fed normal or HFD for 28 days. The body weight and circulating lipids levels were assessed. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were also performed. Oil-red O staining was used to assess the extent of lipid deposition in the liver. Immunohistochemistry and HE staining were used to measure HKS expression, adipose tissue morphology, and macrophage infiltration. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the expression of adipose function-related factors. RESULTS At the end of the experiment, the expression of HKS in the serum and eWAT of the Ad.HKS group was higher than in the Ad.Null group. Furthermore, Ad.HKS mice had lower body weight and decreased serum and liver lipid levels after four weeks of HFD feeding. IGTT and ITT showed that HKS treatment maintained balanced glucose homeostasis. Additionally, inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and eWAT in Ad.HKS mice had a higher number of smaller-size adipocytes and had less macrophage infiltration than Ad.Null group. HKS significantly increased the mRNA levels of adiponectin, vaspin, and eNOS. In contrast, HKS decreased RBP4 and TNFα levels in the adipose tissues. Western blot results showed that local injection of HKS significantly upregulated the protein expressions of SIRT1, p-AMPK, IRS1, p-AKT, and GLUT4 in eWAT. CONCLUSIONS HKS injection in eWAT improves HFD-induced adipose tissue remodeling and function, thus significantly improving weight gain and dysregulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jia-Qi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zi-Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Abdlay Carvalho
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ling-Lin Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhen-Jun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Gen-Shan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yu-Yu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Jarmund AH, Madssen TS, Giskeødegård GF. ALASCA: An R package for longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of multivariate data by ASCA-based methods. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:962431. [PMID: 36387276 PMCID: PMC9645785 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.962431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of multivariate data within biomedical research calls for appropriate statistical methods that can describe and model complex relationships between variables. The extended ANOVA simultaneous component analysis (ASCA+) framework combines general linear models and principal component analysis (PCA) to decompose and visualize the separate effects of experimental factors. It has recently been demonstrated how linear mixed models can be included in the framework to analyze data from longitudinal experimental designs with repeated measurements (RM-ASCA+). The ALASCA package for R makes the ASCA+ framework accessible for general use and includes multiple methods for validation and visualization. The package is especially useful for longitudinal data and the ability to easily adjust for covariates is an important strength. This paper demonstrates how the ALASCA package can be applied to gain insights into multivariate data from interventional as well as observational designs. Publicly available data sets from four studies are used to demonstrate the methods available (proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hagen Jarmund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, Trondheim, Norway,*Correspondence: Anders Hagen Jarmund,
| | | | - Guro F. Giskeødegård
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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Relationship between Serum Kallistatin and Afamin and Anthropometric Factors Associated with Obesity and of Being Overweight in Patients after Myocardial Infarction and without Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245792. [PMID: 34945088 PMCID: PMC8708718 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive clinical and epidemiological evidence has linked obesity to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary disease, heart failure, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. In addition, increasing knowledge of regulatory peptides has allowed an assessment of their role in various non-communicable diseases, including CVD. The study assessed the concentration of kallistatin and afamin in the blood serum of patients after a myocardial infarction and without a cardiovascular event, and determined the relationship between the concentration of kallistatin and afamin and the anthropometric indicators of being overweight and of obesity in these groups. Serum kallistatin and afamin were quantified by ELISA tests in a cross-sectional study of 160 patients who were divided into two groups: study group (SG) (n = 80) and another with no cardiovascular event (CG) (n = 80). Serum kallistatin concentration was significantly higher in the SG (p < 0.001), while the level of afamin was significantly lower in this group (p < 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was observed in the SG between the afamin concentration and the waist to hip ratio (WHR), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and the triglyceride glucose index (TyG index). In the CG, the concentration of kallistatin positively correlated with the LAP and TyG index, while the concentration of afamin positively correlated with all the examined parameters: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist to hip ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), LAP and TyG index. Serum kallistatin and afamin concentrations are associated with the anthropometric parameters related to being overweight and to obesity, especially to those describing the visceral distribution of adipose tissue and metabolic disorders related to excessive fatness.
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Mao Y, Zhan S, Qiao J, Li L, Liu H, Chen R. Kallistatin in follicular fluid of women with endometriosis and its correlation with IVF outcome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:1102-1106. [PMID: 34236276 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1928067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EM) affects 10% women of reproductive age and alters fertility. Its management is still debated notably the timing of surgery and ART in infertility. Kallistatin (KS) is an endogenous protein that regulates differential signaling pathways and biological functions. However, the function and the underlying molecular mechanism in EM and its correlation with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome have not been determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate KS concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) of women with EM and controls women without EM who underwent IVF with embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS FF KS concentrations from 40 patients with EM and 40 non-EM patients were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Compared with the non-EM patients, patients with EM had lower KS levels in FF (281.67 ± 104.60 vs. 490.70 ± 216.33 pg/ml). The rates of fertilization (61.64 ± 22.42 vs. 71.00 ± 24.39%), available embryo (45.96 ± 19.83 vs. 50.61 ± 26.26%), and top-quality embryo (12.71 ± 21.01 vs. 16.04 ± 16.87%) were significantly lower in the EM group than in the control group. The KS concentrations in the FF of women who conceived consequent to the treatment were significantly higher than those from women who did not in the combined EM and control groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the KS concentration in FF could be used as a predictor for IVF-ET outcomes. This may contribute to the pathologic mechanism responsible for the poor outcome of IVF in patients with EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoquan Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - JingDa Qiao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hanyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Güralp O, Tüten N, Gök K, Hamzaoglu K, Bulut H, Schild-Suhren M, Malik E, Tüten A. Serum kallistatin level is decreased in women with preeclampsia. J Perinat Med 2020; 49:60-66. [PMID: 32866127 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the serum levels of the serine proteinase inhibitor kallistatin in women with preeclampsia (PE). METHODS The clinical and laboratory parameters of 55 consecutive women with early-onset PE (EOPE) and 55 consecutive women with late-onset PE (LOPE) were compared with 110 consecutive gestational age (GA)-matched (±1 week) pregnant women with an uncomplicated pregnancy and an appropriate for gestational age fetus. RESULTS Mean serum kallistatin was significantly lower in women with PE compared to the GA-matched-controls (27.74±8.29 ng/mL vs. 37.86±20.64 ng/mL, p<0.001); in women with EOPE compared to that of women in the control group GA-matched for EOPE (24.85±6.65 ng/mL vs. 33.37±17.46 ng/mL, p=0.002); and in women with LOPE compared to that of women in the control group GA-matched for LOPE (30.87±8.81 ng/mL vs. 42.25±22.67 ng/mL, p=0.002). Mean serum kallistatin was significantly lower in women with EOPE compared to LOPE (24.85±6.65 ng/mL vs. 30.87±8.81 ng/mL, p<0.001). Serum kallistatin had negative correlations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, and positive correlation with GA at sampling and GA at birth. CONCLUSIONS Serum kallistatin levels are decreased in preeclamptic pregnancies compared to the GA-matched-controls. This decrease was also significant in women with EOPE compared to LOPE. Serum kallistatin had negative correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine and positive correlation with GA at sampling and GA at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Güralp
- Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University, University Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nevin Tüten
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Gök
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sakarya University, Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Kübra Hamzaoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meike Schild-Suhren
- Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University, University Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eduard Malik
- Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University, University Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Abdullah Tüten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wang G, Zou J, Yu X, Yin S, Tang C. The antiatherogenic function of kallistatin and its potential mechanism. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:583-589. [PMID: 32393963 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of most cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Kallistatin, originally discovered in human serum, is a tissue-kallikrein-binding protein and a unique serine proteinase inhibitor. Upon binding to its receptor integrin β3, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, nucleolin, or Krüppel-like factor 4, kallistatin can modulate various signaling pathways and affect multiple biological processes, including angiogenesis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and tumor growth. Circulating kallistatin levels are significantly decreased in patients with coronary artery disease and show an inverse correlation with its severity. Importantly, both in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that kallistatin reduces atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular inflammation, antagonizing endothelial dysfunction, and improving lipid metabolism. Thus, kallistatin may be a novel biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis-related diseases. In this review, we focus on the antiatherogenic function of kallistatin and its potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang
| | - Jin Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Shanhui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang
| | - Chaoke Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang
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Protective Role of Endogenous Kallistatin in Vascular Injury and Senescence by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4138560. [PMID: 30622668 PMCID: PMC6304815 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4138560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kallistatin was identified in human plasma as a tissue kallikrein-binding protein and a serine proteinase inhibitor. Kallistatin exerts pleiotropic effects on angiogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and tumor growth. Kallistatin levels are markedly reduced in patients with coronary artery disease, sepsis, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory bowel disease, pneumonia, and cancer. Moreover, plasma kallistatin levels are positively associated with leukocyte telomere length in young African Americans, indicating the involvement of kallistatin in aging. In addition, kallistatin treatment promotes vascular repair by increasing the migration and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site antagonizes TNF-α-induced senescence and superoxide formation, while kallistatin's active site is essential for inhibiting miR-34a synthesis, thus elevating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/eNOS synthesis in EPCs. Kallistatin inhibits oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence by upregulating Let-7g synthesis, leading to modulate Let-7g-mediated miR-34a-SIRT1-eNOS signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Exogenous kallistatin administration attenuates vascular injury and senescence in association with increased SIRT1 and eNOS levels and reduced miR-34a synthesis and NADPH oxidase activity, as well as TNF-α and ICAM-1 expression in the aortas of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice. Conversely, endothelial-specific depletion of kallistatin aggravates vascular senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with further reduction of Let-7g, SIRT1, and eNOS and elevation of miR-34a in mouse lung endothelial cells. Furthermore, systemic depletion of kallistatin exacerbates aortic injury, senescence, NADPH oxidase activity, and inflammatory gene expression in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These findings indicate that endogenous kallistatin displays a novel role in protection against vascular injury and senescence by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Li B, Sheng Z, Liu C, Qian L, Wu Y, Wu Y, Ma G, Yao Y. Kallistatin Inhibits Atherosclerotic Inflammation by Regulating Macrophage Polarization. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:339-351. [PMID: 30205711 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin (KS) has been recognized as a plasma protein with anti-inflammatory functions. Macrophages are the primary inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques. However, it is unknown whether KS plays a role in macrophage development and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study investigated the role of KS in macrophage development, a key pathological process in atherosclerosis. An atherosclerosis model was established in ApoE-/- mice via partial left carotid artery (PLCA) ligation. An adenovirus vector (Ad. HKS) containing the human KS gene was delivered via the tail vein before PLCA ligation. The mice were divided into two groups: the PLCA + Ad. HKS and PLCA + adenovirus vector (Ad. Null) groups and followed for 2 and 4 weeks. Human KS was expressed in the mice after KS gene delivery. In addition, KS significantly inhibited plaque formation and reduced inflammation in the plaques and liver 4 weeks after gene delivery. Moreover, KS gene delivery significantly increased the expression of interleukin-10 and Arginase 1, which are M2 macrophage markers, and reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and monocyte chemotactic protein 1, which are M1 macrophage markers. Furthermore, in cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages, KS significantly stimulated M2 marker expression and differentiation and decreased M1 marker expression, as determined by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. These effects were blocked by Krüppel-like factor 4 small-interfering RNA oligonucleotides. These findings demonstrate that KS inhibits atherosclerotic plaque formation and regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization via Krüppel-like factor 4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zulong Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Linglin Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuehuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Yao Y, Li B, Liu C, Fu C, Li P, Guo Y, Ma G, Liu N, Chao L, Chao J. Reduced Plasma Kallistatin Is Associated With the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease, and Kallistatin Treatment Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009562. [PMID: 30554563 PMCID: PMC6404169 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Kallistatin exerts beneficial effects on organ injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the role of kallistatin in atherosclerosis is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role and mechanisms of kallistatin in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ), atherosclerotic plaques of apoE-/- mice, and endothelial activation. Methods and Results Plasma kallistatin levels were analyzed in 453 patients at different stages of CAD . Kallistatin levels were significantly lower in patients with CAD and negatively associated with CAD severity and oxidative stress. Human kallistatin cDNA in an adenoviral vector was injected intravenously into apoE-/- mice after partial carotid ligation, with or without nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) or sirtuin 1 inhibitor (nicotinamide). Kallistatin gene delivery significantly reduced macrophage deposition, oxidative stress, and plaque volume in the carotid artery, compared with control adenoviral injection. Kallistatin administration increased endothelial nitrous oxide synthase, sirtuin 1, interleukin-10, superoxide dismutase 2, and catalase expression in carotid plaques. The beneficial effects of kallistatin in mice were mitigated by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or nicotinamide. Furthermore, human kallistatin protein suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α-induced NADPH oxidase activity and increased endothelial nitrous oxide synthase and sirtuin 1 expression in cultured human endothelial cells. These effects were also abolished by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or nicotinamide. Conclusions This was the first study to demonstrate that reduced plasma kallistatin levels in patients are associated with CAD severity and oxidative stress. Kallistatin treatment prevents carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice by stimulating the sirtuin 1/endothelial nitrous oxide synthase pathway. These findings indicate the potential protective effects of kallistatin on atherosclerosis in human subjects and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yao
- 1 Department of Cardiology Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Bing Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Chang Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiology Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Cong Fu
- 1 Department of Cardiology Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Pengfei Li
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC
| | - Youming Guo
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC
| | - Genshan Ma
- 1 Department of Cardiology Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiology Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Lee Chao
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC
| | - Julie Chao
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC
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Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez A, Ramírez B, Valentí V, Moncada R, Becerril S, Unamuno X, Silva C, Salvador J, Catalán V. Novel protective role of kallistatin in obesity by limiting adipose tissue low grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolism 2018; 87:123-135. [PMID: 29679615 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kallistatin plays an important role in the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and angiogenesis. We aimed to determine the impact of kallistatin on obesity and its associated metabolic alterations as well as its role in adipocyte inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS Samples obtained from 95 subjects were used in a case-control study. Circulating concentrations and expression levels of kallistatin as well as key inflammation, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodelling-related genes were analyzed. Circulating kallistatin concentrations were measured before and after weight loss achieved by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The impact of kallistatin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated inflammatory as well as oxidative stress signalling pathways was evaluated. RESULTS We show that the reduced (P < 0.00001) circulating levels of kallistatin in obese patients increased (P < 0.00001) after RYGB. Moreover, gene expression levels of SERPINA4, the gene coding for kallistatin, were downregulated (P < 0.01) in the liver from obese subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Additionally, we revealed that kallistatin reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of inflammation-related genes (CCL2, IL1B, IL6, IL8, TNFA, TGFB) and, conversely, upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of ADIPOQ and KLF4 in human adipocytes in culture. Kallistatin inhibited (P < 0.05) LPS- and TNF-α-induced inflammation in human adipocytes via downregulating the expression and secretion of key inflammatory markers. Furthermore, kallistatin also blocked (P < 0.05) TNF-α-mediated lipid peroxidation as well as NOX2 and HIF1A expression while stimulating (P < 0.05) the expression of SIRT1 and FOXO1. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide, for the first time, evidence of a novel role of kallistatin in obesity and its associated comorbidities by limiting adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Salvador
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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Przybyłowski P, Wasilewski G, Koc-Żórawska E, Małyszko J. Kallistatin Concentration and Hypertension in Heart Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:2105-2109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chao J, Li P, Chao L. Kallistatin: double-edged role in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1309-1317. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractKallistatin, via its two structural elements – an active site and a heparin-binding domain – displays a double-edged function in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. First, kallistatin has both anti-angiogenic and pro-angiogenic effects. Kallistatin treatment attenuates angiogenesis and tumor growth in cancer-bearing mice. Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site inhibits angiogenesis by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced growth, migration and adhesion of endothelial cells. Conversely, kallistatin via the active site promotes neovascularization by stimulating VEGF levels in endothelial progenitor cells. Second, kallistatin inhibits or induces apoptosis depending on cell types. Kallistatin attenuates organ injury and apoptosis in animal models, and its heparin-binding site is essential for blocking tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. However, kallistatin via its active site induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells by up-regulating miR-34a and down-regulating miR-21 and miR-203 synthesis. Third, kallistatin can act as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant. Kallistatin treatment inhibits oxidative stress and tissue damage in animal models and cultured cells. Kallistatin via the heparin-binding domain antagonizes TNF-α-induced oxidative stress, whereas its active site is crucial for stimulating antioxidant enzyme expression. In contrast, kallistatin provokes oxidant formation, leading to blood pressure reduction and bacterial killing. Kallistatin-mediated vasodilation is partly mediated by H2O2, as the effect is abolished by the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Moreover, kallistatin exerts a bactericidal effect by stimulating superoxide production in neutrophils of mice with microbial infection as well as in cultured immune cells. Thus, kallistatin’s dual roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress contribute to its beneficial effects in various diseases.
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Huang X, Wang X, Xie X, Zeng S, Li Z, Xu X, Yang H, Qiu F, Lin J, Diao Y. Kallistatin protects against bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammation. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:999-1011. [PMID: 28386328 PMCID: PMC5375993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant angiogenesis and vascular remodeling are the main features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Kallistatin is an anti-angiogenic peptide with known effects on endothelial cells. This study aimed to demonstrate that kallistatin has beneficial effects on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model by inhibiting angiogenesis. Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups: (A) Saline only (SA)-as the negative control, (B) BLM only (BLM)-as the model group, (C) BLM and 0.1 mg/kg kallistatin (L-Kal), (D) BLM and 0.5 mg/kg kallistatin (M-Kal), and (E) BLM and 2.5 mg/kg kallistatin (H-Kal). Fibrillar collagen was quantified by Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth-muscle-actin (α-SMA) and microvascular density (MVD) were measured by immunohistochemistry. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assayed by Western immunoblotting or ELISA. Daily administration of kallistatin attenuated fibrosis in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, as shown by histology. During inflammation from BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, kallistatin reduced the number of inflammatory cells infiltrating the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Kallistatin also inhibited VEGF expression and phosphorylation of VEGFR2 (Flk-1). In vitro, kallistatin blocked tube formation by inhibiting Flk-1 and GSK-3β phosphorylation. The results demonstrated that continuous administration of kallistatin attenuated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and improved survival of BLM rats. Reducing pulmonary fibrosis was achieved by partial inhibition of pulmonary inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou 326000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Xiaolan Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou 326000, China
| | - Shulan Zeng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004, China
| | - Zhaofa Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Xianxiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Huiyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Junsheng Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Yong Diao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
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Wang T, Shi F, Wang J, Liu Z, Su J. Kallistatin Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Invasion and Promotes Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Through Blocking NF-κB Signaling. Oncol Res 2016; 25:809-817. [PMID: 27983915 PMCID: PMC7841074 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14799180778233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin has been recognized as an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor and exerts pleiotropic effects in inhibiting tumor growth, migration, apoptosis, and inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential role and mechanisms of kallistatin in cervical cancer. We demonstrated that kallistatin effectively inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, kallistatin suppressed migration and invasion activities and markedly reduced the expression of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases, progelatinase (MMP-2), MMP-9, and urokinase-type PA (uPA). Kallistatin reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and caused the upregulation of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and inhibited mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and vimentin. Moreover, kallistatin led to a marked decrease in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and HIF-1α. In a xenograft mouse model, kallistatin treatment reduced tumor growth. Importantly, kallistatin strikingly impeded NF-κB activation by suppressing IκBα degradation and the level of phosphorylation of p65. Interestingly, similar to kallistatin, treatment with PDTC (an inhibitor of NF-κB) also attenuated cell invasion and migration. Taken together, these findings suggest that kallistatin suppresses cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and EMT and promotes cell apoptosis by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that kallistatin may be a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer treatment.
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Eckard AR, Cho S, O'Riordan MA, McComsey GA. Kallistatin levels in HIV-infected patients and effects of statin therapy. Biomarkers 2016; 22:55-62. [PMID: 27326658 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1204002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kallistatin, a serine proteinase inhibitor, has vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties and is increased in other inflammatory conditions. We measured kallistatin in HIV for the first time, examined its relationship with inflammation, and determined if statin therapy affected levels. METHODS Kallistatin levels were measured in subjects from a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-five HIV-infected subjects were included. Kallistatin levels were 28.4 μg/mL at baseline and not affected by rosuvastatin. Levels were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6, fibrinogen and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Kallistatin levels were correlated with some markers of systemic inflammation and should be further explored in the HIV population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Ross Eckard
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA.,b Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Soohee Cho
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Mary Ann O'Riordan
- c Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Grace A McComsey
- c Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Cleveland , OH , USA
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Li J, Krishna SM, Golledge J. The Potential Role of Kallistatin in the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081312. [PMID: 27529213 PMCID: PMC5000709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular condition that causes permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta, which can lead to death due to aortic rupture. The only treatment for AAA is surgical repair, and there is no current drug treatment for AAA. Aortic inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, oxidative stress and vascular remodeling are implicated in AAA pathogenesis. Kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor, which has been shown to have a variety of functions, potentially relevant in AAA pathogenesis. Kallistatin has been reported to have inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Kallistatin also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt canonical signaling, which promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling in various pre-clinical experimental models. This review explores the potential protective role of kallistatin in AAA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Li
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
| | - Smriti Murali Krishna
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.).
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.)
| | - Lee Chao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.)
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Li P, Guo Y, Bledsoe G, Yang Z, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin induces breast cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy by modulating Wnt signaling and microRNA synthesis. Exp Cell Res 2016; 340:305-14. [PMID: 26790955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Kallistatin is an endogenous protein that regulates differential signaling pathways and biological functions. Our previous studies showed that kallistatin gene therapy inhibited angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis in mice, and kallistatin protein suppressed Wnt-mediated growth, migration and invasion by blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. In this study, we show that kallistatin reduced cell viability, and increased apoptotic cell death and caspase-3 activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Kallistatin also induced cancer cell autophagy, as evidenced by increased LC3B levels and elevated Atg5 and Beclin-1 expression; however, co-administration of Wnt or PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abolished these effects. Moreover, kallistatin via its heparin-binding site antagonized Wnt3a-induced cancer cell proliferation and increased PPARγ expression. Kallistatin inhibited oncogenic miR-21 synthesis associated with reduced Akt phosphorylation and Bcl-2 synthesis, but increased BAX expression. Kallistatin via PKC-ERK activation reduced miR-203 levels, leading to increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a tumor suppressor. Conversely, kallistatin stimulated expression of the tumorigenic suppressors miR-34a and p53. Kallistatin's active site is essential for suppressing miR-21 and miR-203, and stimulating miR-34a and SOCS3 expression. This is the first study to demonstrate that kallistatin's heparin-binding site is essential for inhibiting Wnt-mediated effects, and its active site plays a key role in regulating miR-21, miR-203, miR-34a and SOCS3 synthesis in breast cancer cells. These findings reveal novel mechanisms of kallistatin in inducing apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells, thus inhibiting tumor progression by regulation of Wnt/PPARγ signaling, as well as miR-21, miR-203 and miR-34a synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Youming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Protection effect of kallistatin on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats via antioxidative stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88498. [PMID: 24558397 PMCID: PMC3928242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inflammation and oxidative stress are emerging as key causes of pathological wound healing and the development of liver fibrosis. We have investigated the effects of recombinant human kallistatin, produced in Pichia. pastoris, on preventing carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Daily administration of kallistatin prevented development of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, which was evidenced by histological study. In all kallistatin treated rats, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) as assessed by s-smooth muscle actin staining was attenuated, TGF- β1 expression was inhibited, class I serum biomarkers associated with the process of fibrogenesis, such as hyaluronic acid, laminin, and procollagen III, were lowered, compared with that in the model control group. Furthermore, residual hepatic functional reserve was improved by kallistatin treatment. CCl4 induced elevation of malondialdehyde level and reduced superoxide dismutase activity in the liver, while kallistatin reduced these oxidative parameters. We also investigated the effects of kallistatin on rat primary HSC and LX-2, the human HSC cell line. Kallistatin scavenged H2O2-induced ROS in the LX-2 cells, and suppressed the activation of primary HSC. These results suggest recombinant human kallistatin might be a promising drug candidate for therapeutic intervention of liver fibrosis.
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Kallistatin modulates immune cells and confers anti-inflammatory response to protect mice from group A streptococcal infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:5366-72. [PMID: 23959316 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00322-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) infection may cause severe life-threatening diseases, including necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Despite the availability of effective antimicrobial agents, there has been a worldwide increase in the incidence of invasive GAS infection. Kallistatin (KS), originally found to be a tissue kallikrein-binding protein, has recently been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, its efficacy in microbial infection has not been explored. In this study, we transiently expressed the human KS gene by hydrodynamic injection and investigated its anti-inflammatory and protective effects in mice via air pouch inoculation of GAS. The results showed that KS significantly increased the survival rate of GAS-infected mice. KS treatment reduced local skin damage and bacterial counts compared with those in mice infected with GAS and treated with a control plasmid or saline. While there was a decrease in immune cell infiltration of the local infection site, cell viability and antimicrobial factors such as reactive oxygen species actually increased after KS treatment. The efficiency of intracellular bacterial killing in neutrophils was directly enhanced by KS administration. Several inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6, in local infection sites were reduced by KS. In addition, KS treatment reduced vessel leakage, bacteremia, and liver damage after local infection. Therefore, our study demonstrates that KS provides protection in GAS-infected mice by enhancing bacterial clearance, as well as reducing inflammatory responses and organ damage.
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Zhang J, Yang Z, Li P, Bledsoe G, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin signaling and cancer cell motility via binding to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 379:295-301. [PMID: 23666756 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kallistatin, a plasma protein, exerts pleiotropic effects in inhibiting angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor growth. Canonical Wnt signaling is the primary pathway for oncogenesis in the mammary gland. In this study, we demonstrate that kallistatin bound to the Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), thus, blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Wnt-mediated growth and migration in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Kallistatin inhibited Wnt3a-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion of cultured breast cancer cells. Moreover, kallistatin was bound to LRP6 in breast cancer cells, as identified by immunoprecipitation followed by western blot. Kallistatin suppressed Wnt3a-mediated phosphorylation of LRP6 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and the elevation of cytosolic β-catenin levels. Furthermore, kallistatin antagonized Wnt3a-induced expression of c-Myc, cyclin D1, and vascular endothelial growth factor. These findings indicate a novel role of kallistatin in preventing breast tumor growth and mobility by direct interaction with LRP6, leading to blockade of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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