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Rodrigues Lourenço Dias A, Serra AJ. High-Fat Diet and Heart: What is the Real Impact of Resistance Exercise Training? Arq Bras Cardiol 2024; 121:e20240091. [PMID: 38747881 PMCID: PMC11081092 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20240091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- André Rodrigues Lourenço Dias
- Universidade Federal de São PauloDisciplina de CardiologiaLaboratório de Fisiologia CardíacaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina de Cardiologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardíaca, São Paulo, SP – Brasil
| | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Universidade Federal de São PauloDisciplina de CardiologiaLaboratório de Fisiologia CardíacaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina de Cardiologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardíaca, São Paulo, SP – Brasil
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2
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Guo Y, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Shou J, Zhuang S, Xiao W, Chen P. Depot-specific adaption of adipose tissue for different exercise approaches in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1189528. [PMID: 37485056 PMCID: PMC10358987 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1189528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue pathology plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding the impact of exercise training on adipose tissue adaptation is of paramount importance in enhancing metabolic health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of various exercise modalities on three distinct adipose tissue depots, namely, interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), in a murine model of diabetes. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice received a 12-week high-fat diet and a single injection of streptozotocin, followed by an 8-week exercise intervention. The exercise intervention included swimming, resistance training, aerobic exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Results: We found that exercise training reduced body weight and body fat percentage, diminished adipocyte size and increased the expression of mitochondria-related genes (PGC1, COX4, and COX8B) in three adipose tissue depots. The effects of exercise on inflammatory status include a reduction in crown-like structures and the expression of inflammatory factors, mainly in eWAT. Besides, exercise only induces the browning of sWAT, which may be related to the expression of the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase. Among the four forms of exercise, HIIT was the most effective in reducing body fat percentage, increasing muscle mass and reducing eWAT adipocyte size. The expression of oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis-related genes in sWAT and eWAT was highest in the HIIT group. Conclusion: When targeting adipose tissue to improve diabetes, HIIT may offer superior benefits and thus represents a more advantageous choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Guo
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zheng
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shou
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhao Zhuang
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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3
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Peres Valgas Da Silva C, Shettigar VK, Baer LA, Abay E, Pinckard KM, Vinales J, Sturgill SL, Vidal P, Ziolo MT, Stanford KI. Exercise training after myocardial infarction increases survival but does not prevent adverse left ventricle remodeling and dysfunction in high-fat diet fed mice. Life Sci 2022; 311:121181. [PMID: 36372212 PMCID: PMC9712172 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aerobic exercise is an important component of rehabilitation after cardiovascular injuries including myocardial infarction (MI). In human studies, the beneficial effects of exercise after an MI are blunted in patients who are obese or glucose intolerant. Here, we investigated the effects of exercise on MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in mice chronically fed a high-fat diet (HFD). MAIN METHODS C57Bl/6 male mice were fed either a standard (Chow; 21% kcal/fat) or HFD (60% kcal/fat) for 36 weeks. After 24 weeks of diet, the HFD mice were randomly subjected to an MI (MI) or a sham surgery (Sham). Following the MI or sham surgery, a subset of mice were subjected to treadmill exercise. KEY FINDINGS HFD resulted in obesity and glucose intolerance, and this was not altered by exercise or MI. MI resulted in decreased ejection fraction, increased left ventricle mass, increased end systolic and diastolic diameters, increased cardiac fibrosis, and increased expression of genes involved in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in the MI-Sed and MI-Exe mice. Exercise prevented HFD-induced cardiac fibrosis in Sham mice (Sham-Exe) but not in MI-Exe mice. Exercise did, however, reduce post-MI mortality. SIGNIFICANCE These data indicate that exercise significantly increased survival after MI in a model of diet-induced obesity independent of effects on cardiac function. These data have important translational ramifications because they demonstrate that environmental interventions, including diet, need to be carefully evaluated and taken into consideration to support the effects of exercise in the cardiac rehabilitation of patients who are obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmem Peres Valgas Da Silva
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Vikram K Shettigar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Eaman Abay
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kelsey M Pinckard
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Jorge Vinales
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah L Sturgill
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Pablo Vidal
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Mark T Ziolo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
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Ozaki GAT, Camargo JCS, Garcia TA, Castoldi RC, Belangero WD. EFFECT OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC TRAINING ON DIFFERENT ERGOMETERS IN RAT MUSCLE AND HEART TISSUES. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2022; 30:e248048. [PMID: 36506864 PMCID: PMC9721405 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220223002e248048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective Analyze the effects of aerobic and anaerobic training on different ergometers on muscle and cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Methods The animals were separated into the following groups: Control (C), Aerobic Training in Water (ATW), Resistance Training in Water (RTW), Aerobic Training on Treadmill (ATT), and Resistance Training in Climbing (RTC). All training protocols were carried out for 4 weeks, 3 times/week. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastrocnemius muscle cells and the areas of the cardiomyocytes were measured. Results In the fast-twitch fibers, there was an increase in CSA in the RTW and RTC groups compared to the ATW (p<0.01 and p<0.01) and ATT groups (p<0.01 and p<0.01). In the slow-twitch fibers, the ATW and ATT groups demonstrated a lower CSA compared to the RTW (p=0.03 and p<0.00) and RTC groups (p<0.01 and p<0.01). In the cardiomyocytes, there was an increase in the area of the RTW and RTC groups compared to groups C (p<0.01; p<0.01), ATW (p=0.02; p<0.01), and ATT (p<0.01; p<0.01). Conclusion The anaerobic training effectively promotes hypertrophy in the fast-twitch fibers and the cardiomyocytes. Level of Evidence V; Animal experimental study .
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Akio Tamura Ozaki
- Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Medical Sciences, Campinas, Doctoral Program in Surgical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Silva Camargo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCT/UNESP), Physiotherapy Department, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alves Garcia
- Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Medical Sciences, Campinas, Doctoral Program in Surgical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Chacon Castoldi
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). Master’s Program in Movement Sciences, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - William Dias Belangero
- Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Medical Sciences, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
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Nogueira ME, Sousa Neto IV, Motta-Santos D, Cantuária APDC, Lima SMDF, Rezende TMB, Santana HADP, Petriz BA, Marqueti RDC, Almeida JA. High-protein diet associated with resistance training reduces cardiac TNF-α levels and up-regulates MMP-2 activity in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1630-1636. [PMID: 32686511 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1787456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of high-protein diets (HPD) is associated with resistance training (RT) due to effects on metabolism. However, little is known about these effects on cardiac tissue. This study aimed to investigate effects of HPD and RT on cardiac biomarkers. 18 rats were divided into normo-protein (NPD), and HPD groups: NPD-Control, NPD-RT, HPD-Control, and HPD-RT. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), nitric oxide (NO), activity of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and vascular factor (VEGF) were analysed. RT was effective in regulating body weight, increasing strength, and reducing food consumption (p < .05). HPD induces higher levels of interleukin 6 (p = .0169), and lowers NO (p < .0001). When associated with RT, the HPD decreases levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha, while enhances NO, and MMP activity (p < .05). The association of RT with HDP decreases inflammatory parameters and indicates an enhancement in the molecular parameters of cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Esteves Nogueira
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira Sousa Neto
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Sports Science Postgraduate Program, Sports Department, EEFFTO, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Castro Cantuária
- Graduate Program in Genomics Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Post graduation of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Stella Maris de Freitas Lima
- Graduate Program in Genomics Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Dental course, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Graduate Program in Genomics Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Post graduation of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Dental course, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Hugo Alexandre de Paula Santana
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance - PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Assis Petriz
- Graduate Program in Genomics Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology, University Center - UDF, Brasília, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jeeser Alves Almeida
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance - PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Zhang M, Li Y, Liu L, Huang M, Wang M, Zou J. The effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse femoral bone achieved by anti-osteoporosis exercise interventions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:914872. [PMID: 36465647 PMCID: PMC9715737 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.914872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exercise therapy and key regulators of bone quality exert anti-hyperglycemic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. A number of programs have been reported to have an effect on bone disease in T2DM. Major unanswered questions concern the potential correlation of exercise with the improvement of bone quality in T2DM mice and how the nonlinear optical properties of bone are correlated with changes to its crystal structure. Methods Subjects were randomly divided into six groups: 1) control (C) group, which was fed a normal diet (n = 8); 2) T2DM quiet group, which was given a high-fat diet and quiet (n = 8); 3) T2DM plus swimming (T2DM+S) group, which received T2DM and swim training (n = 8); 4) T2DM plus resistance exercise (T2DM+RE) group, which was given T2DM and resistance exercise (n = 8); 5) T2DM plus aerobic exercise (T2DM+AE) group, with T2DM and medium-intensity treadmill exercise (n = 8); and 6) T2DM plus high-intensity interval training (T2DM+HIIT), with T2DM and high-intensity variable-speed intervention (n = 8). The levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix (OSX), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as the bone microstructure and morphometry, were measured at the end of the 8-week exercise intervention. Results Compared with the C group, the bone microstructure indexes [bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), and connectivity density (Conn.D)], the bone biomechanical properties (maximum load, fracture load, yield stress, and elastic modulus), and the osteogenic differentiation factors (RUNX2, OSX, and BMP2) of the T2DM group were significantly decreased (all p < 0.05). Compared with the T2DM group, there were obvious improvements in the osteogenic differentiation factor (OSX) and Th.N, while the separation of trabecular bone (Tb.Sp) decreased in the T2DM+AE and T2DM+HIIT groups (all p < 0.05). In addition, the bone microstructure indicators BV/TV, tissue mineral density (TMD), Conn.D, and degree of anisotropy (DA) also increased in the T2DM+HIIT group, but the yield stress and Ct.Th deteriorated compared with the T2DM group (all p < 0.05). Compared with the T2DM+S and T2DM+RE groups, the BV/TV, trabecular number (Tb.N), Tb.Sp, and Conn.D in the T2DM+AE and T2DM+HIIT groups were significantly improved, but no significant changes in the above indicators were found between the T2DM+S and T2DM+RE groups (all p < 0.05). In addition, the BMD and the expression of ALP in the T2DM+AE group were significantly higher than those in the T2DM+HIIT group (all p < 0.05). Conclusion There was a significant deterioration in femur bone mass, trabecular bone microarchitecture, cortical bone geometry, and bone mechanical strength in diabetic mice. However, such deterioration was obviously attenuated in diabetic mice given aerobic and high-intensity interval training, which would be induced mainly by suppressing the development of T2DM. Regular physical exercise may be an effective strategy for the prevention of not only the development of diabetes but also the deterioration of bone properties in patients with chronic T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexuan Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifei Liu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Huang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Wang S, Zhou H, Zhao C, He H. Effect of Exercise Training on Body Composition and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921085. [PMID: 35812437 PMCID: PMC9260601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), combined aerobic and resistance training (CT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition and inflammatory cytokine levels in overweight and obese individuals by using network meta-analysis (NMA).MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise training on inflammatory cytokines in overweight and obese patients. The retrieval period was from inception to November 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted the pertinent data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies; then, they used Stata 16.0 and Review Manager 5.3 to perform an NMA.ResultsA total of 38 studies involving 1317 patients were included in this study. The results of the NMA indicated that AE had the greatest effect on weight loss (SUCRA=78.3; SMD=−0.51, 95% CI: −0.70, −0.33); CT had the greatest effect on reducing body mass index (SUCRA=70.7; SMD=−0.46, 95% CI: −0.81, −0.10), waist circumference (SUCRA=93.4; SMD=−1.86, 95% CI: −2.80, −0.93), percentage body fat (SUCRA=79.6; SMD=−1.38, 95% CI: −2.29, −0.48), interleukin-6 level (SUCRA=86.4; SMD=−1.98, 95% CI: −3.87, −0.09), and tumor necrosis factor-α level (SUCRA=79.4; SMD=−2.08, 95% CI: −3.75, −0.42); AE (SMD=0.51, 95% CI: −1.68, 2.69), RT (SMD=0.15, 95% CI: −3.01, 3.32), CT (SMD=1.78, 95% CI: −1.35, 4.92), and HIIT (SMD=2.29, 95% CI: −1.27, 5.86) did not significantly increase the adiponectin level.ConclusionThe current results suggest that CT is the best exercise modality for improving body composition and inflammatory status in overweight and obese individuals. More rigorous randomized control trials are needed for further validation.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022303165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengya Wang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Huayi Zhou
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Zhao
- Department of Physical Health and Arts Education, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hui He
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui He,
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Effting PS, Thirupathi A, Müller AP, Pereira BC, Sepa-Kishi DM, Marqueze LFB, Vasconcellos FTF, Nesi RT, Pereira TCB, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Ceddia RB, Pinho RA. Resistance Exercise Training Improves Metabolic and Inflammatory Control in Adipose and Muscle Tissues in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112179. [PMID: 35683979 PMCID: PMC9182921 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates whether ladder climbing (LC), as a model of resistance exercise, can reverse whole-body and skeletal muscle deleterious metabolic and inflammatory effects of high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity in mice. To accomplish this, Swiss mice were fed for 17 weeks either standard chow (SC) or an HF diet and then randomly assigned to remain sedentary or to undergo 8 weeks of LC training with progressive increases in resistance weight. Prior to beginning the exercise intervention, HF-fed animals displayed a 47% increase in body weight (BW) and impaired ability to clear blood glucose during an insulin tolerance test (ITT) when compared to SC animals. However, 8 weeks of LC significantly reduced BW, adipocyte size, as well as glycemia under fasting and during the ITT in HF-fed rats. LC also increased the phosphorylation of AktSer473 and AMPKThr172 and reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1-β) contents in the quadriceps muscles of HF-fed mice. Additionally, LC reduced the gene expression of inflammatory markers and attenuated HF-diet-induced NADPH oxidase subunit gp91phox in skeletal muscles. LC training was effective in reducing adiposity and the content of inflammatory mediators in skeletal muscle and improved whole-body glycemic control in mice fed an HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline S. Effting
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Medical School, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Anand Thirupathi
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.A.P.)
| | - Alexandre P. Müller
- Graduate de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88020-302, SC, Brazil;
| | - Bárbara C. Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Medical School, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Diane M. Sepa-Kishi
- Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (D.M.S.-K.); (R.B.C.)
| | - Luis F. B. Marqueze
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil; (L.F.B.M.); (F.T.F.V.); (R.T.N.)
| | - Franciane T. F. Vasconcellos
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil; (L.F.B.M.); (F.T.F.V.); (R.T.N.)
| | - Renata T. Nesi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil; (L.F.B.M.); (F.T.F.V.); (R.T.N.)
| | - Talita C. B. Pereira
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil; (T.C.B.P.); (L.W.K.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Luiza W. Kist
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil; (T.C.B.P.); (L.W.K.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Maurício R. Bogo
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil; (T.C.B.P.); (L.W.K.); (M.R.B.)
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Rolando B. Ceddia
- Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (D.M.S.-K.); (R.B.C.)
| | - Ricardo A. Pinho
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil; (L.F.B.M.); (F.T.F.V.); (R.T.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.A.P.)
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9
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Nagelkirk PR, Soave K, Altherr C, Del Pozzi A. Regular Resistance Training Enhances Fibrinolytic Potential but Does Not Affect Coagulation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2318-2323. [PMID: 34115732 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify effects of an 8-wk, whole-body RT program on coagulation and fibrinolysis. METHODS Sixteen healthy women and men (23 ± 5 yr) completed an RT program three times per week for 8 wk. Exercises included 2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions performed at approximately 60%-80% of a one repetition maximum. Strength, body composition, and body circumferences were assessed before and after training. Plasma samples were obtained before and after training, and analyzed for active tissue plasminogen activator (tPA activity), total tissue plasminogen activator (tPA antigen), active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1 activity), total plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1 antigen), fibrinogen, and coagulation factors VII (FVII) and VIII (FVIII). RESULTS Significant increases in lean mass, arm and thigh circumferences, maximal chest press (PRE: 57.8 ± 37.5 kg, POST: 73.3 ± 43.2 kg), and leg press (PRE: 189.5 ± 96.0 kg, POST: 256.7 ± 97.9 kg) were observed (P < 0.05 for all). PAI-1 activity (PRE: 20.3 ± 32.5 IU·mL-1, POST 9.5 ± 20.9 IU·mL-1) and PAI-1 antigen decreased (PRE: 10.2 ± 9.0 ng·dL-1, POST: 7.2 ± 5.7 ng·dL-1; both, P < 0.05). No change in tPA activity or tPA antigen occurred. Fibrinogen, FVII, and FVIII did not change after training. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of fibrinolysis was decreased after training, and coagulation was unaffected. These results suggest that regular RT may beneficially influence the risk of a thrombotic event. More research is warranted to understand the mechanisms through which RT affects hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Nagelkirk
- Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
| | - Kayla Soave
- Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
| | | | - Andrew Del Pozzi
- Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
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10
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Brellenthin AG, Lee DC, Bennie JA, Sui X, Blair SN. Resistance exercise, alone and in combination with aerobic exercise, and obesity in Dallas, Texas, US: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003687. [PMID: 34161329 PMCID: PMC8266085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a significant and growing public health problem in high-income countries. Little is known about the relationship between resistance exercise (RE), alone and in combination with aerobic exercise (AE), and the risk of developing obesity. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to examine the associations between different amounts and frequencies of RE, independent of AE, and incident obesity. METHODS AND FINDINGS Participants were 11,938 healthy adults ages 18-89 years with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 at baseline who completed at least 2 clinical examinations during 1987-2005 as part of the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Self-reported RE participation in minutes/week and days/week was collected from a standardized questionnaire. Incident obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at follow-up. Incident obesity was also defined by waist circumference (WC) > 102/88 cm for men/women and percent body fat (PBF) ≥ 25%/30% for men/women at follow-up in participants who were not obese by WC (n = 9,490) or PBF (n = 8,733) at baseline. During the average 6-year follow-up, 874 (7%), 726 (8%), and 1,683 (19%) developed obesity defined by BMI, WC, or PBF, respectively. Compared with no RE, 60-119 min/wk of RE was associated with 30%, 41%, and 31% reduced risk of obesity defined by BMI (hazard ratio [95% CI], 0.70 [0.54-0.92], p = 0.008), WC (0.59 [0.44-0.81], p < 0.001), and PBF (0.69 [0.57-0.83], p < 0.001), respectively, after adjusting for confounders including age, sex, examination year, smoking status, heavy alcohol consumption, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and AE. Compared with not meeting the RE guidelines of ≥2 d/wk, meeting the RE guidelines was associated with 18%, 30%, and 30% reduced risk of obesity defined by BMI (hazard ratio [95% CI], 0.82 [0.69-0.97], p = 0.02), WC (0.70 [0.57-0.85], p < 0.001), and PBF (0.70 [0.62-0.79], p < 0.001), respectively. Compared with meeting neither guideline, meeting both the AE and RE guidelines was associated with the smallest hazard ratios for obesity. Limitations of this study include limited generalizability as participants were predominantly white men from middle to upper socioeconomic strata, use of self-reported RE, and lack of detailed diet data for the majority of participants. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that RE was associated with a significantly reduced risk of obesity even after considering AE. However, meeting both the RE and AE guidelines was associated with the lowest risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duck-chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Bennie
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steven N. Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
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11
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Linear periodization of strength training in blocks attenuates hypertension and diastolic dysfunction with normalization of myocardial collagen content in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2020; 38:73-81. [PMID: 31335510 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHOD This study evaluated the effects of a linear block strength training programme on the parameters of cardiac remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Thirty-nine rats were equally distributed in four groups: normotensive sedentary, normotensive trained, hypertensive sedentary and hypertensive trained. The strength training protocol was organized in three mesocycles of 4 weeks, with an increase in the training load organized in a linear fashion for each block, considering the weight established in the maximum loaded load test. The following parameters were evaluated: ventricular function assessed by echocardiogram, caudal blood pressure, ventricular haemodynamics and cardiac masses. Two-way analysis of variance was used to determine the differences between the group and time. RESULTS After 12 weeks of training, the hypertensive trained group presented the following results: increased muscle strength, reduced blood pressure, reduced heart rate, isovolumetric relaxation time and total collagen content, with increased cardiac function, without promoting changes in the mass and nuclear volume of cardiomyocytes. Also, blood pressure reduction seems to be associated with both muscle strength adjustments and total load progress. CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed that the training programme carried out attenuated systemic arterial pressure and preserved the ventricular function of spontaneously hypertensive rats without cardiac mass change.
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12
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Moreno ACR, Nai GA, Laurindo CP, Gregorio KCR, Olean-Oliveira T, Teixeira MFS, Seraphim PM. Resistance training prevents right ventricle hypertrophy in rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236988. [PMID: 32764771 PMCID: PMC7413484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke is associated with the development of diverse diseases. Resistance training has been considered one of the most useful tools for patients with pulmonary disease, improving their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resistance training (RT) on the prevention of thickening of the right ventricle wall of rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (C), Smoker (S), Exercised (E) and Exercised Smoker (ES). The smoker groups were exposed to the smoke of four cigarettes for 30 min, twice daily, five days a week, for 16 weeks. The exercised groups climbed on a vertical ladder with progressive load, once a day, five days a week, for 16 weeks. The heart, trachea, lung, liver and gastrocnemius muscle were removed for histopathological analysis. Pulmonary emphysema (S and ES vs C and E, P < 0.0001) and pulmonary artery thickness enlargement (S vs C and E, P = 0.003, ES vs C, P = 0.003) were detected in the smoking groups. There was an increase in the right ventricle thickness in the S group compared with all other groups (P < 0.0001). An increase in resident macrophages in the liver was detected in both smoking groups compared with the C group (P = 0.002). Additionally, a relevant reduction of the diameter of the muscle fibers was detected only in ES compared with the C, S and E groups (P = 0.0002), impairing, at least in part, the muscle mass in exercised smoking rats. Therefore, it was concluded that resistance training prevented the increase of thickness of the right ventricle in rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke, but it may be not so beneficial for the skeletal muscle of smoking rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline Rippi Moreno
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Sao Paulo, (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Pancera Laurindo
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Cristina Rego Gregorio
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fernando Souza Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Monteiro Seraphim
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gauda EB, Conde S, Bassi M, Zoccal DB, Almeida Colombari DS, Colombari E, Despotovic N. Leptin: Master Regulator of Biological Functions that Affects Breathing. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:1047-1083. [PMID: 32941688 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic in developed countries accounting for many of the metabolic and cardiorespiratory morbidities that occur in adults. These morbidities include type 2 diabetes, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), obstructive sleep apnea, chronic intermittent hypoxia, and hypertension. Leptin, produced by adipocytes, is a master regulator of metabolism and of many other biological functions including central and peripheral circuits that control breathing. By binding to receptors on cells and neurons in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and carotid body, leptin links energy and metabolism to breathing. In this comprehensive article, we review the central and peripheral locations of leptin's actions that affect cardiorespiratory responses during health and disease, with a particular focus on obesity, SDB, and its effects during early development. Obesity-induced hyperleptinemia is associated with centrally mediated hypoventilation with decrease CO2 sensitivity. On the other hand, hyperleptinemia augments peripheral chemoreflexes to hypoxia and induces sympathoexcitation. Thus, "leptin resistance" in obesity is relative. We delineate the circuits responsible for these divergent effects, including signaling pathways. We review the unique effects of leptin during development on organogenesis, feeding behavior, and cardiorespiratory responses, and how undernutrition and overnutrition during critical periods of development can lead to cardiorespiratory comorbidities in adulthood. We conclude with suggestions for future directions to improve our understanding of leptin dysregulation and associated clinical diseases and possible therapeutic targets. Lastly, we briefly discuss the yin and the yang, specifically the contribution of relative adiponectin deficiency in adults with hyperleptinemia to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:1047-1083, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle B Gauda
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Conde
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mirian Bassi
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Simoes Almeida Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikola Despotovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Damiani APL, Caldas LC, Melo AB, Contreiro CDE, Estevam WM, Nogueira BV, Ferreira LG, Leopoldo AS, Leopoldo APL. RESISTANCE TRANING PROTOCOLS PROMOTE STRENGTH INCREASE WITHOUT MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202603209955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Resistance training (RT) has been related to increased protein synthesis, and in the myocardium it triggers morphological adaptations that result in improved cardiac contractility. In skeletal muscle, RT promotes an improvement in functional capacity and in sarcopenia caused by aging. However, the efficacy of this training method in the cardiac and skeletal systems has not yet been clarified. Objective To investigate the effect of different vertical ladder RT protocols on cardiac and skeletal structure and morphology. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats (n = 28) were randomized into four groups: sedentary (C); RT protocol with 4 to 9 climbs, 3 sessions/week, 120 second interval and intensity of 50% to 100% of the maximum load (ML) with progressive addition of 30 g (RT1); RT protocol with 4 to 5 climbs, 3 sessions/week, 60 second interval and intensity of 50% to 100% of the ML, where a 30 g overload was added in the 5th climb (RT2); RT protocol with 4 to 5 climbs, 5 sessions/week, 60 second interval and intensity of 50% to 100% of the ML; the animals that completed the 4th climb underwent the 5th climb with 100% ML plus 30 g (RT3). RT protocols were performed for 9 weeks with a duration of 30 to 45 minutes/day. The nutritional profile and cardiac/skeletal muscle morphology were evaluated along with the cross sectional area and collagen fraction. Results RT did not promote adaptations in cardiac and musculoskeletal structure and morphology, nor was it able to reduce body weight and body fat deposits. However, RT brought about an increase in absolute and relative strength. Conclusion Vertical ladder RT protocols, regardless of weekly frequency, lead to increased muscle strength without cardiac and skeletal structural adaptations. Level of evidence I, Therapeutic studies - Investigating treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima Leopoldo
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
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15
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Gomes MJ, Pagan LU, Lima ARR, Reyes DRA, Martinez PF, Damatto FC, Pontes THD, Rodrigues EA, Souza LM, Tosta IF, Fernandes AAH, Zornoff LAM, Okoshi K, Okoshi MP. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiac remodelling and skeletal muscle oxidative stress of infarcted rats. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5352-5362. [PMID: 32239667 PMCID: PMC7205792 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the influence of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiac remodelling, physical capacity and skeletal muscle oxidative stress in rats with MI‐induced heart failure. Three months after MI induction, Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Sham; sedentary MI (S‐MI); aerobic exercised MI (A‐MI); and resistance exercised MI (R‐MI). Exercised rats trained three times a week for 12 weeks on a treadmill or ladder. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA or Kruskal‐Wallis test. Functional aerobic capacity was greater in A‐MI and strength gain higher in R‐MI. Echocardiographic parameters did not differ between infarct groups. Reactive oxygen species production, evaluated by fluorescence, was higher in S‐MI than Sham, and lipid hydroperoxide concentration was lower in A‐MI than the other groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in A‐MI than S‐MI and R‐MI. Superoxide dismutase was lower in S‐MI than Sham and R‐MI. Gastrocnemius cross‐sectional area, satellite cell activation and expression of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system proteins did not differ between groups. In conclusion, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise improve functional capacity and maximum load carrying, respectively, without changing cardiac remodelling in infarcted rats. In the gastrocnemius, infarction increases oxidative stress and changes antioxidant enzyme activities. Aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress and attenuates superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana J Gomes
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luana U Pagan
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Aline R R Lima
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - David R A Reyes
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Paula F Martinez
- School of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Damatto
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thierres H D Pontes
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Eder A Rodrigues
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lidiane M Souza
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ingrid F Tosta
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana A H Fernandes
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Katashi Okoshi
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marina P Okoshi
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Rodrigues BA, Vacari GQ, Santos FCD, Perissini F, Nobile M, Amoroso L. Heart structure, serum cholesterol, and adiposity of rats treated with a hypercaloric diet: effectiveness of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and swimming. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v21e-61130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of the herbal medicine red orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and swimming for 84 days on the animal, heart, and abdominal fat weight and the histomorphometric aspects of heart and total cholesterol of Wistar rats. The rats were divided into seven experimental groups of 12 animals each, consisting of a normocaloric diet (Dn), hypercaloric diet (Dh), normocaloric diet and herbal medicine (DnH), hypercaloric diet and herbal medicine (DhH), normocaloric diet and swimming (DnS), hypercaloric diet and swimming (DhS), and hypercaloric diet, swimming, and herbal medicine (DhSH). The data were analyzed statistically by the Tukey test and considered significant when p<0.05. Groups treated with the normocaloric diet had lower abdominal fat weight. The normocaloric diet and herbal medicine (DnH) provided the smallest thickness of the right ventricle. The hypercaloric diet (Dh) reduced the number of cardiomyocytes and the perimeter of cardiac muscle fibers. Swimming and the red orange extract acted synergistically by reducing the deleterious effects of the hypercaloric diet and increasing the thickness of the cardiac chambers and the number of cardiomyocytes. Only the supplementation with the red orange extract did not reduce abdominal fat in rats treated with a hypercaloric diet. Therefore, red orange alone did not promote beneficial changes in the studied data, but its association with swimming increased the number of cardiomyocytes and thickness of muscle fibers, which could contribute to preventing cardiovascular diseases and maintaining health, as well as the regular swimming and a normocaloric diet, which provided less adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felipe Perissini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nobile
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Amoroso
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
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17
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Lino ADDS, Aquino Júnior AED, Leite RD, Speretta GFF, Moraes FDD, Fabrizzi F, Moraes G, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Duarte ACGDO. Resistance training improves the lipid profile, combat oxidative stress and inhibit MMP-2 activity in the left ventricle diet-induced obese rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202000030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Melo AB, Damiani APL, Coelho PM, de Assis ALEM, Nogueira BV, Guimarães Ferreira L, Leite RD, Ribeiro Júnior RF, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Leopoldo AS. Resistance training promotes reduction in Visceral Adiposity without improvements in Cardiomyocyte Contractility and Calcium handling in Obese Rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1819-1832. [PMID: 32714085 PMCID: PMC7378665 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.42612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) improves the cardiomyocyte calcium (Ca2+) cycling during excitation-contraction coupling. However, the role of RT in cardiomyocyte contractile function associated with Ca2+ handling in obesity is unclear. Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: control, sedentary obese, control plus RT, and obesity plus RT. The 10-wk RT protocol was used (4-5 vertical ladder climbs, 60-second interval, 3× a week, 50-100% of maximum load). Metabolic, hormonal, cardiovascular and biochemical parameters were determined. Reduced leptin levels, epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral fat pads, lower body fat, and adiposity index were observed in RT. Obesity promoted elevation of collagen, but RT did not promote modifications of LV collagen in ObRT. RT induced elevation in maximum rates of contraction and relaxation, and reduction of time to 50% relaxation. ObRT group did not present improvement in the cardiomyocyte contractile function in comparison to Ob group. Reduced cardiac PLB serine16 phosphorylation (pPLB Ser16) and pPLB Ser16/PLB ratio with no alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) and phospholamban (PLB) expression were observed in Ob groups. Resistance training improved body composition reduced fat pads and plasma leptin levels but did not promote positive alterations in cardiomyocyte contractile function, Ca2+ handling and phospholamban phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Barroso Melo
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Prata Leite Damiani
- Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Murucci Coelho
- Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Ferreira
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Richard Diego Leite
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Faustino Ribeiro Júnior
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Guedes JM, Pieri BLDS, Luciano TF, Marques SDO, Guglielmo LGA, Souza CTD. Muscular resistance, hypertrophy and strength training equally reduce adiposity, inflammation and insulin resistance in mice with diet-induced obesity. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2019; 18:eAO4784. [PMID: 31553356 PMCID: PMC6905165 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of three types of muscular resistance training on adiposity, inflammation levels and insulin activity in Swiss mice with fat-rich diet-induced obesity. Methods Lean and obese male Swiss mice were selected and allocated to one of eight groups comprising eight mice each, as follows: standard diet + no training; standard diet + muscular resistance training; standard diet + hypertrophy training; standard diet + strength training; high-fat diet + no training; high-fat diet + muscular resistance training; high-fat diet + hypertrophy training; high-fat diet + strength training. The training protocol consisted of stair climbing for a 10-week period. Blood samples were collected for lactate analysis, glucose level measurement and insulin tolerance test. After euthanasia, adipose tissues were removed and weighed for adiposity index determination. Fragments of epididymal adipose tissue were then embedded for histological analysis or homogenized for tumor necrosis factor alpha level determination using the ELISA method. Results Ausency of differences in total training volume and blood lactate levels overall emphasize the similarity between the different resistance training protocols. Body weight loss, reduced adipocyte area and lower adiposity index were observed in trained obese mice, regardless of training modality. Different training protocols also improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation levels. Conclusion Resistance training protocols were equally effective in reducing body fat, inflammation levels and insulin resistance in obese mice.
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Natarajan N, Vujic A, Das J, Wang AC, Phu KK, Kiehm SH, Ricci-Blair EM, Zhu AY, Vaughan KL, Colman RJ, Mattison JA, Lee RT. Effect of dietary fat and sucrose consumption on cardiac fibrosis in mice and rhesus monkeys. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128685. [PMID: 31415241 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) improved health span in 2 longitudinal studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs), yet only the University of Wisconsin (UW) study demonstrated an increase in survival in CR monkeys relative to controls; the National Institute on Aging (NIA) study did not. Here, analysis of left ventricle samples showed that CR did not reduce cardiac fibrosis relative to controls. However, there was a 5.9-fold increase of total fibrosis in UW hearts, compared with NIA hearts. Diet composition was a prominent difference between the studies; therefore, we used the NHP diets to characterize diet-associated molecular and functional changes in the hearts of mice. Consistent with the findings from the NHP samples, mice fed a UW or a modified NIA diet with increased sucrose and fat developed greater cardiac fibrosis compared with mice fed the NIA diet, and transcriptomics analysis revealed diet-induced activation of myocardial oxidative phosphorylation and cardiac muscle contraction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana Natarajan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Vujic
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annie C Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Krystal K Phu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Spencer H Kiehm
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Ricci-Blair
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony Y Zhu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelli L Vaughan
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,SoBran BioSciences, SoBran Inc., Burtonsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricki J Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Rogerio MM, Santos LS, Garcia TA, Ozaki GAT, Fernandes RA, Castoldi RC, Louzada MJQ, Okoshi K, Junqueira A. Effects of concurrent training associated with N-acetylcysteine on bone density of spontaneously hypertensive rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201900010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katashi Okoshi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
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22
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Knox A. Arterial Aging, Metalloproteinase Regulation, and the Potential of Resistance Exercise. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:227-232. [PMID: 30068282 PMCID: PMC6300795 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666180801153801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is a process that affects all living organisms. The transition through life elicits tissue specific alterations in the functional and structural capabilities of all physiological systems. In particular, the vasculature is vulnerable to aging specific adaptations which induces morphological changes and ultimately increases the risk of pathological states. Matrix metalloproteinases are a group of extremely active enzymes that regulate the age-associated structural changes of the vasculature which has been regarded as the hallmark of arterial aging. Although this process in unavoidable, the structural and functional changes to the vasculature that occur as a result of advancing age can be positively or negatively influenced by our lifestyle choices. Conclusion Exercise training has profound effects on the age-associated changes of the arteries which have been shown to be beneficial in offsetting the detrimental responses of aging. This review provides a brief synopsis of the matrix metalloproteinase induced alterations of the arteria during aging and highlights the potential of resistance exercise to influence such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Knox
- Exercise Science Department, California Lutheran University, 60 Olsen Road, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
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23
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Cai M, Wang Q, Liu Z, Jia D, Feng R, Tian Z. Effects of different types of exercise on skeletal muscle atrophy, antioxidant capacity and growth factors expression following myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2018; 213:40-49. [PMID: 30312703 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied with skeletal muscle abnormalities. The aims are to explore an optimal exercise mode to improve cardiac function and prevent skeletal muscle atrophy, and detect the possible mechanisms of exercise-induced inhibition of muscle atrophy. MAIN METHODS Rats were subjected to four weeks of different types of exercise after MI surgery (resistance training, RT; moderated-intensity continuous aerobic exercise, MCE and high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise, HIA). Cardiac function, histological changes of heart and skeletal muscle, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and the expression of muscle atrophy-related factors were detected in skeletal muscle. KEY FINDINGS The three types of exercise improved heart function, reduced cardiac fibrosis and increased muscle weight and cross-section area (CSA) of muscle fibers in different degrees. The survival rates of MI rats intervened by RT and MCE were higher than HIA. Exercise down-regulated the mRNA levels of murf1 and atrogin-1, decreased reactive oxygen species level, increased antioxidant capacity, regulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), mechano growth factor (MGF), Neuregulin1 (NRG1) and Myostatin (MSTN), and activated Akt and Erk1/2 signalings in soleus muscle. Furthermore, CSA of muscle fibers and the expression of IGF1, MGF, NRG1 in skeletal muscle had correlations with cardiac function. SIGNIFICANCE RT and MCE are the first two choices for the early exercise rehabilitation following MI. All types of exercise can effectively inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy through increasing the antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidative stress and protein degradation, and regulating the growth factors expression in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Qing'an Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Dandan Jia
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Rui Feng
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China.
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24
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Resistance Training Decreases Lipid Content of Different Fat Deposits in Ovariectomized Rats. Asian J Sports Med 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.62258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Melo S, da Silva Júnior N, Barauna V, Oliveira E. Cardiovascular Adaptations Induced by Resistance Training in Animal Models. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:403-410. [PMID: 29511376 PMCID: PMC5835711 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 10 years the number of studies showing the benefits of resistance training (RT) to the cardiovascular system, have grown. In comparison to aerobic training, RT-induced favorable adaptations to the cardiovascular system have been ignored for many years, thus the mechanisms of the RT-induced cardiovascular adaptations are still uncovered. The lack of animal models with comparable protocols to the RT performed by humans hampers the knowledge. We have used squat-exercise model, which is widely used by many others laboratories. However, to a lesser extent, other models are also employed to investigate the cardiovascular adaptations. In the subsequent sections we will review the information regarding cardiac morphological adaptations, signaling pathway of the cardiac cell, cardiac function and the vascular adaptation induced by RT using this animal model developed by Tamaki et al. in 1992. Furthermore, we also describe cardiovascular findings observed using other animal models of RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.F.S. Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo. Address: Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. Postal code: 29043900. Telephone number: (5527)996892407
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo. Address: Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Postal code: 05508-9000. Telephone number: (5511) 30913136
| | - N.D. da Silva Júnior
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo. Address: Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Postal code: 05508-9000. Telephone number: (5511) 30913136
| | - V.G. Barauna
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo. Address: Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. Postal code: 29043900. Telephone number: (5527)996892407
| | - E.M. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo. Address: Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Postal code: 05508-9000. Telephone number: (5511) 30913136
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26
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Guzzoni V, Marqueti RDC, Durigan JLQ, Faustino de Carvalho H, Lino RLB, Mekaro MS, Costa Santos TO, Mecawi AS, Rodrigues JA, Hord JM, Lawler JM, Davel AP, Selistre-de-Araújo HS. Reduced collagen accumulation and augmented MMP-2 activity in left ventricle of old rats submitted to high-intensity resistance training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:655-663. [PMID: 28684598 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01090.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis is a hallmark of the aging heart. Age-related fibrosis is modulated by endurance exercise training; however, little is known concerning the influence of resistance training (RT). Therefore we investigated the chronic effects of high-intensity RT on age-associated alterations of left ventricle (LV) structure, collagen content, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and extracellular matrix-related gene expression, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Young adult (3 mo) and aged (21 mo) male Wistar rats were submitted to a RT protocol (ladder climbing with 65, 85, 95, and 100% load), three times a week for 12 wk. Forty-eight hours posttraining, arterial systolic and diastolic pressure, LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and dP/dt were recorded. LV morphology, collagen deposition, and gene expression of type I (COL-I) and type III (COL-III) collagen, MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and TGF-β1 were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. MMP-2 content was assessed by zymography. Increased collagen deposition was observed in LV from aged rats. These parameters were modulated by RT and were associated with increased MMP-2 activity and decreased COL-I, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1 mRNA content. Despite the effect of RT on collagen accumulation, there was no improvement on LVEDP and maximal negative LV dP/dt of aged rats. Cardiomyocyte diameter was preserved in all experimental conditions. In conclusion, RT attenuated age-associated collagen accumulation, concomitant to the increase in MMP-2 activity and decreased expression of COL-I, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1 in LV, illustrating a cardioprotective effect of RT on ventricular structure and function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated the beneficial resistance-training effect against age-related left ventricle collagen accumulation in the left ventricle, which was associated with decreased type I collagen (COL-I), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) gene expression and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity. Our findings suggest for the first time the potential effects of resistance training in modulating collagen accumulation and possibly fibrosis in the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Guzzoni
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil;
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo S Mekaro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - André Souza Mecawi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - José Antunes Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Jeffrey M Hord
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jonh M Lawler
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ana Paula Davel
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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27
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Xu MX, Wang M, Yang WW. Gold-quercetin nanoparticles prevent metabolic endotoxemia-induced kidney injury by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling and Nrf2 pathway in high fat diet fed mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:327-345. [PMID: 28115850 PMCID: PMC5221813 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome followed by chronic kidney disease caused by intestinal endotoxemia have received extensive attention. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and oxidative stress-related Nrf2/Keap1 were regarded as the key target points involved in metabolic inflammation and kidney injury. However, the molecular mechanism of interaction between TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2 activation in high-fat diet-induced renal injury is not absolutely understood. Quercetin, a natural product, has been reported to possess antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. In this regard, this study attempted to prepare poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-loaded gold nanoparticles precipitated with quercetin (GQ) to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects in high-fat diet-induced kidney failure. For this study, C57BL/6 mice fed fat-rich fodder were used as the metabolic syndrome model to evaluate the protective effects of GQ on kidney injury and to determine whether TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways were associated with the process. Moreover, histological examinations, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and basic blood tests and systemic inflammation-related indicators were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of GQ and underlying molecular mechanism by which it may reduce renal injury. Of note, podocyte injury was found to participate in endotoxin-stimulated inflammatory response. TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways were upregulated with high-fat diet intake in mice, resulting in reduction of superoxide dismutase activity and increase in superoxide radical, H2O2, malondialdehyde, XO, XDH, and XO/XDH ratio. In addition, upregulation of TLR4/NF-κB and oxidative stress by endotoxin were observed in vitro, which were suppressed by GQ administration, ultimately alleviating podocyte injury. These findings indicated that GQ could restore the metabolic disorders caused by high-fat diet, which suppresses insulin resistance, lipid metabolic imbalance, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Also, it may prevent kidney injury by inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB and oxidative stress, further increasing superoxide dismutase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Xuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing; College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Wei-Wei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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28
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Silvestre JGO, Speretta GFF, Fabrizzi F, Moraes G, Duarte ACGDO. Acute effects of Resistance exercise performed on ladder on energy metabolism, stress, and muscle damage in rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc- and calcium-dependent endoproteinases that have the ability to break down extracellular matrix. The large range of MMPs’ functions widens their spectrum of potential role as activators or inhibitors in tissue remodeling, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. In particular, MMP-1, -2, and -9 may be associated with exercise and obesity. Thus, the current study reviewed the effects of different types of exercise (resistance and aerobic) on MMP-1, -2, and -9. Previous studies report that the response of MMP-2 and -9 to resistance exercise is dependent upon the length of exercise training, since long-term resistance exercise training increased both MMP-2 and -9, whereas acute bout of resistance exercise decreased these MMPs. Aerobic exercise produces an inconsistent result on MMPs, although some studies showed a decrease in MMP-1. Obesity is related to a relatively lower level of MMP-9, indicating that an exercise-induced increase in MMP-9 may positively influence obesity. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between exercise, obesity, and MMPs does not exist yet. Future studies examining the acute and chronic responses of these MMPs using different subject models may provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are associated with exercise, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunsuk Koh
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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30
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Speretta GF, Silva AA, Vendramini RC, Zanesco A, Delbin MA, Menani JV, Bassi M, Colombari E, Colombari DSA. Resistance training prevents the cardiovascular changes caused by high-fat diet. Life Sci 2016; 146:154-62. [PMID: 26776833 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aerobic exercise is indicated for prevention and treatment of obesity-induced cardiovascular disorders. Although the resistance training (RT) may also produce effects similar to aerobic exercise, this is not completely clear yet. In the present study, we tested if RT in moderate intensity might prevent alterations in blood pressure (BP), sympathetic modulation of systolic blood pressure (SBP), baroreflex function and the changes in renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and cytokines mRNA expression within the nucleus of the tract solitary (NTS) in rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD). MAIN METHODS Male Holtzman rats (300-320 g) were divided into 4 groups: sedentary with standard chow diet (SED-SD); sedentary with high-fat diet (SED-HFD); RT with standard chow diet (RT-SD); and RT with high-fat diet (RT-HFD). The trained groups performed a total of 10 weeks of moderate intensity RT in a vertical ladder. In the first 3 weeks all experimental groups were fed with SD. In the next 7 weeks, the SED-HFD and RT-HFD groups were fed with HFD. KEY FINDINGS In SED-HFD, BP and sympathetic modulation of SBP increased, whereas baroreflex bradycardic responses were attenuated. RT prevented the cardiovascular and inflammatory responses (increases in tumoral necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) produced by HFD in SED rats. The anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, angiotensin type 2 receptor, Mas receptor and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 mRNA expressions in the NTS increased in the RT-HFD compared to SED-HFD. SIGNIFICANCE The data demonstrated that moderate intensity RT prevented obesity-induced cardiovascular disorders simultaneously with reduced inflammatory responses and modifications of RAS in the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F Speretta
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - André A Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C Vendramini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelina Zanesco
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Bioscience, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José V Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Bassi
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora S A Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Wang Z, Li L, Zhao H, Peng S, Zuo Z. Chronic high fat diet induces cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice. Metabolism 2015; 64:917-25. [PMID: 25982698 PMCID: PMC4461501 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can cause pathological changes in organs. We determined the effects of chronic high fat diet (HFD) and intermittent fasting, a paradigm providing organ protection, on mouse heart. METHODS Seven-week old CD1 male mice were randomly assigned to control, HFD and intermittent fasting groups. Control mice had free access to regular diet (RD). RD was provided every other day to mice in the intermittent fasting group. Mice in HFD group had free access to HFD. Their left ventricles were harvested 11 months after they had been on these diet regimens. RESULTS HFD increased cardiomyocyte cross-section area and fibrosis. HFD decreased active caspase 3, an apoptosis marker, and the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) II/LC3I, an autophagy marker. HFD increased the phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) at Ser9, a sign of GSK-3β inhibition. Nuclear GATA binding protein 4 and yes-associated protein, two GSK-3β targeting transcription factors that can induce hypertrophy-related gene expression, were increased in HFD-fed mice. Mice on intermittent fasting did not have these changes except for the increased active caspase 3 and decreased ratio of LC3II/LC3I. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that chronic HFD induces myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, which may be mediated by GSK-3β inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liaoliao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shuling Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Hoseini SM, Kalantari A, Afarideh M, Noshad S, Behdadnia A, Nakhjavani M, Esteghamati A. Evaluation of plasma MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 identifies candidate cardiometabolic risk marker in metabolic syndrome: results from double-blinded nested case-control study. Metabolism 2015; 64:527-38. [PMID: 25633268 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are dysregulated in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous studies on the association between MMPs/TIMPs and MetS are controversial. We aimed to evaluate circulating MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in a group of MetS individuals and healthy controls to find the potential marker associated with MetS and its components. METHODS 243 MetS individuals participated in a nested case-control design, of whom 63 were excluded (study subjects for analysis n=180; 87 MetS cases, 93 controls). We employed the International Diabetes Federation criteria using national waist circumference cutoffs for case definition. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were done using standard methods. RESULTS Plasma MMP-8, TIMP-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly higher in MetS cases (P for all < 0.05). Each component of MetS except raised fasting plasma glucose positively correlated with MMP-8 and numbers of MetS components increased with higher MMP-8. In all regression models, MMP-8 was a significant predictor of MetS and in the final model the relationship persisted even after adjusting for pro-inflammatory cytokines hs-CRP and TNF-α (odds ratio=6.008, 95% confidence interval: 1.612-22.389, P=0.008). CONCLUSION Strong associations of MMP-8 with components of MetS in univariate, bivariate and multivariate models suggest plasma MMP-8 as a potential cardiometabolic risk marker for MetS. Higher MMP-8 in MetS is possibly mediated through mechanisms both dependent and independent of chronic low grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Hoseini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Kalantari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Noshad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aram Behdadnia
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Exercise training and calorie restriction influence the metabolic parameters in ovariectomized female rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:787063. [PMID: 25874022 PMCID: PMC4383370 DOI: 10.1155/2015/787063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen deficiency after menopause leads to overweight or obesity, and physical exercise is one of the important modulators of this body weight gain. Female Wistar rats underwent ovariectomy surgery (OVX) or sham operation (SO). OVX and SO groups were randomized into new groups based on the voluntary physical activity (with or without running) and the type of diet for 12 weeks. Rats were fed standard chow (CTRL), high triglyceride diet (HT), or restricted diet (CR). The metabolic syndrome was assessed by measuring the body weight gain, the glucose sensitivity, and the levels of insulin, triglyceride, leptin, and aspartate aminotransferase transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The exercise training combined with the CR resulted in improvements in the glucose tolerance and the insulin sensitivity. Plasma TG, AST, and ALT levels were significantly higher in OVX rats fed with HT but these high values were suppressed by exercise and CR. Compared to SO animals, estrogen deprivation with HT caused a significant increase in leptin level. Our data provide evidence that CR combined with voluntary physical exercise can be a very effective strategy to prevent the development of a metabolic syndrome induced by high calorie diet.
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