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Lin T, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Wang W, Jiang X, Qiu Y. Association between blood lipids and diabetes mellitus in older Chinese adults aged 65 years or older: a cross-sectional analysis of residents' electronic health records. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:167. [PMID: 38835037 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate how blood lipids are associated with diabetes among older Chinese adults. METHODS 3,268,928 older Chinese adults without known diabetes were included. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were conducted to study associations between blood lipids (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) and diabetes. RESULTS 202,832 diabetes cases were included. Compared with the lowest quintiles, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the highest quintiles showed a higher diabetes prevalence risk and HDL-C presented a lower risk in multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the highest quintiles of TC, TG, and HDL-C were 1.39 (1.37-1.41), 2.56 (2.52-2.60), and 0.73 (0.72-0.74), respectively. For LDL-C, 3-5% lower risk was found in the second and third quintiles, and 4-23% higher risk was found in the fourth and fifth quintiles. RCS curves showed a non-linear relationship between each blood lipid parameters and diabetes (P-non-linear < 0.001). TG and HDL-C curves presented monotonically increasing and L-shaped patterns, respectively, whereas TC and LDL-C curves exhibited a J-shaped pattern. When TC < 4.04 mmol/L or LDL-C < 2.33 mmol/L, ORs of diabetes increased with the decrease of corresponding indexes. However, after excluding participants with lower LDL-C, the J-shaped association with TC disappeared. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates non-linear associations between lipids and diabetes. Low cholesterol levels are associated with a high risk of diabetes. The cholesterol paradox should be considered during lipid-lowering treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Yanrong Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Yinwei Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China.
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Ye J, Guo K, Li J, Li X, Zhou Z, Yang L. Estimating the effect of lipid-lowering agents on novel subtypes of adult-onset diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3793. [PMID: 38661109 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of lipid-lowering drugs [HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, and Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) inhibitors] on novel subtypes of adult-onset diabetes through a Mendelian randomisation study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first inferred causal associations between lipid-related traits [including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoproteins A-I, and apolipoproteins B] and novel subtypes of adult-onset diabetes. The expression quantitative trait loci of drug target genes for three classes of lipid-lowering drugs, as well as genetic variants within or nearby drug target genes associated with LDL-C, were then utilised as proxies for the exposure of lipid-lowering drugs. Mendelian randomisation analysis was performed using summary data from genome-wide association studies of LDL-C, severe autoimmune diabetes, severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), and mild age-related diabetes. RESULTS There was an association between HMGCR-mediated LDL-C and the risk of SIRD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.305, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.129-0.723; p = 0.007], and there was an association of PCSK9-mediated LDL-C with the risk of SIDD (OR = 0.253, 95% CI = 0.120-0.532; p < 0.001) and MOD (OR = 0.345, 95% CI = 0.171-0.696; p = 0.003). Moreover, NPC1L1-mediated LDL-C (OR = 0.109, 95% CI = 0.019-0.613; p = 0.012) and the increased expression of NPC1L1 gene in blood (OR = 0.727, 95% CI = 0.541-0.977; p = 0.034) both showed a significant association with SIRD. These results were further confirmed by sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the different lipid-lowering medications have a specific effect on the increased risk of different novel subtypes of adult-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Keyu Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chen K, Zhang X, Peng H, Huang F, Sun G, Xu Q, Liao L, Xing Z, Zhong Y, Fang Z, Liao M, Luo S, Chen W, Dong M. Exploring the diagnostic value, prognostic value, and biological functions of NPC gene family members in hepatocellular carcinoma based on a multi-omics analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:264. [PMID: 37541978 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a cunning malignancy with a high incidence and mortality rate among cancers worldwide. The NPC gene family members (NPCs: NPC1, NPC2, and NPC1L1) are closely linked to the development of multiple cancers, but their role in liver cancer remains unclear. As a result, we must investigate their functions in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). NPCs were significantly differentially expressed between normal and LIHC tissues, with a high mutation frequency in LIHC. The ROC curve analysis revealed that NPC1/NPC2 had high diagnostic and prognostic values in LIHC. NPC1 expression was also found to be negatively correlated with its methylation level. The differentially expressed genes between high and low NPC1 expression groups in LIHC were mainly related to channel activity, transporter complexes, and plasma membrane adhesion molecules. Additionally, NPC1 expression was significantly associated with multiple immune cells and immunization checkpoints. It was hypothesized that a TUG1/SNHG4-miR-148a-3p-NPC1 regulatory axis is associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. Finally, the protein expression of NPC1 in LIHC tissues and paraneoplastic tissues was detected, and NPC1-knockdown HepG2 cells (NPC1KO) inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study helped to identify new prognostic markers and potential immunotherapeutic targets for LIHC and revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC1 regulation in LIHC. The NPCs play a key role in the prognosis and diagnosis of LIHC and may be an important indicator for LIHC prognosis and diagnosis; NPC1 might be a potential therapeutic target in LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keheng Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Huixin Peng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
- Center for Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Fengdie Huang
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Chaozhou People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, China
| | - Qijiang Xu
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Lusheng Liao
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhiyong Xing
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yanping Zhong
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhichao Fang
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Meihua Liao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Shihua Luo
- Center for Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Wencheng Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
- Center for Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Mingyou Dong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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Zhao X, Tang X, Xu J, Liu R, Huang K, Li J, Li Y, Jiang L, Xu L, Zhang Y, Wang D, Hui R, Gao R, Song L, Yuan J. Novel polymorphism of HMGCR gene related to the risk of diabetes in premature triple-vessel disease patients. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3445. [PMID: 35998373 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease and diabetes are highly interrelated and complex diseases. We proposed to investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of the lipoprotein important regulatory genes Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in patients with premature triple-vessel coronary disease (PTVD) with diabetes, blood glucose and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs11763759, rs4720470, rs2072183, rs2073547) of NPC1L1, and three SNPs (rs12916, rs2303151, rs4629571) of HMGCR were genotyped in 872 PTVD patients. RESULTS After performing logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, rs2303151 of HMGCR was related to the risk of diabetes in dominance model (odds ratio [OR]=1.35, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.01-1.80, P=0.04). However, the four SNPs of NPC1L1 were not associated with the risk of diabetes. Further analyses showed that neither the above SNPs of NPC1L1 nor the SNPs of HMGCR were related to blood glucose and body mass index (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION We firstly report that rs2303151 is a novel polymorphism of HMGCR gene related to the risk of diabetes in PTVD patients, which suggests HMGCR may be a potential common targeted pathogenic pathways between the coronary heart disease and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rutai Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runlin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Xiao X, Luo Y, Peng D. Updated Understanding of the Crosstalk Between Glucose/Insulin and Cholesterol Metabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879355. [PMID: 35571202 PMCID: PMC9098828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and cholesterol engage in almost all human physiological activities. As the primary energy substance, glucose can be assimilated and converted into diverse essential substances, including cholesterol. Cholesterol is mainly derived from de novo biosynthesis and the intestinal absorption of diets. It is evidenced that glucose/insulin promotes cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake, which have been targeted by several drugs for lipid-lowering, e.g., bempedoic acid, statins, ezetimibe, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. Inversely, these lipid-lowering drugs may also interfere with glucose metabolism. This review would briefly summarize the mechanisms of glucose/insulin-stimulated cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake, and discuss the effect and mechanisms of lipid-lowering drugs and genetic mutations on glucose homeostasis, aiming to help better understand the intricate relationship between glucose and cholesterol metabolism.
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Cho Y, Kim RH, Park H, Wang HJ, Lee H, Kang ES. Effect of Ezetimibe on Glucose Metabolism and Inflammatory Markers in Adipose Tissue. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110512. [PMID: 33217950 PMCID: PMC7698625 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies, the effects of ezetimibe on glucose metabolism are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of ezetimibe on glucose metabolism and the expression of inflammatory markers. Thirteen rats were randomly assigned to an ezetimibe (n = 6) or control group (n = 7). The control group received a high fat diet (HFD; 60 Kcal%), whereas the ezetimibe group received an HFD (60 Kcal%) containing 160 mg/kg of ezetimibe. After 14 weeks, adipose and liver tissues, along with plasma, were collected and comparatively analyzed. The effects of combination therapy with ezetimibe and statins on glucose metabolism were investigated over a 1-year period using data from patients with hyperlipidemia. Several indices of glucose metabolism partially improved in the ezetimibe group. The sizes of adipocytes and the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced in the ezetimibe group. Ezetimibe treatment induced anti-inflammatory cytokines and fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes and reduced serum levels of free fatty acids. Clinical data analysis revealed that statin monotherapy significantly increased insulin resistance. However, combination therapy with ezetimibe and statins did not increase insulin resistance. In conclusion, ezetimibe was found to reduce the sizes of adipocytes in visceral fat and serum levels of free fatty acids, to induce fatty acid oxidation, to improve adipocytic inflammation, and to partially improve glycemic index values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongin Cho
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea;
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ryeong-Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (R.-H.K.); (H.J.W.)
| | - Hyunki Park
- Biobehavioral Research Center, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Hye Jin Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (R.-H.K.); (H.J.W.)
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- Biobehavioral Research Center, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (R.-H.K.); (H.J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1968; Fax: +82-2-393-6884
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Kurano M, Tsukamoto K, Hara M, Tsuneyama K, Nishikawa T, Ikeda H, Yatomi Y. Modulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate by hepatobiliary cholesterol handling. FASEB J 2020; 34:14655-14670. [PMID: 32918529 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001397r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cholesterol handling, mediated by Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1) and ABCG5/8, is well-known to contribute to the homeostasis of cholesterol. We attempted to elucidate the impact of hepatobiliary cholesterol handling on the homeostasis of sphingolipids and lysophospholipids, especially sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). We induced the overexpression of NPC1L1 or ABCG5/8 in the mouse liver. Hepatic NPC1L1 overexpression increased the plasma and hepatic S1P levels, while it decreased the biliary S1P levels, and all of these changes were inhibited by ezetimibe. The ability of HDL to activate Akt in the endothelial cells was augmented by hepatic NPC1L1 overexpression. NPC1L1-mediated S1P transport was confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo studies conducted using C17 S1P, an exogenous S1P analog. Upregulation of apolipoprotein M (apoM) was involved in these modulations, although apoM was not necessary for these modulations. Moreover, the increase in the plasma S1P levels also observed in ABCG5/8-overexpressing mice was dependent on the elevation of the plasma apoM levels. In regard to other sphingolipids and lysophospholipids, ceramides were similarly modulated by NPC1L1 to S1P, while other lipids were differently influenced by NPC1L1 or ABCG5/8 from S1P. Hepatobiliary cholesterol handling might also regulate the functional lipids, such as S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Medicine IV, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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U-shaped association between low-density lipid cholesterol and diabetes mellitus in patients with hypertension. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:163. [PMID: 31421673 PMCID: PMC6698332 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The magnitude and direction of association of low-density lipid cholesterol (LDL-C) with diabetes mellitus (DM) might differ by hypertensive status, but there is limited epidemiological evidence in China. Methods We examined the association between LDL-C levels and DM in 9892 participants with hypertension using logistic regression. Participants were stratified into three groups according to LDL-C levels (desirable, borderline high or high), then further divided into quartiles. Restricted cubic spline regression models, subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also conducted to evaluate the shape of association. Results After adjusting for covariates, lower LDL-C had a significant and inverse association with the likelihood of DM in all participants (OR: 0.944, 95% CI = 0.893, 0.998). In participants with desirable LDL-C concentrations (< 3.4 mmol/L), LDL-C protected against DM (OR = 1.240, 95% CI = 1.076, 1.429 per 1 mmol/L decrease). In participants with higher LDL-C concentrations (> 4.1 mmol/L), LDL-C increased the DM likelihood (OR = 1.536, 95% CI = 1.126, 2.096 per 1 mmol/L increase). Restricted cubic spline regression also found a U-shaped association between LDL-C levels and DM prevalence. Conclusions There was a U-shaped association between LDL-C levels and DM in Chinese patients with hypertension. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1105-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Niedowicz DM, Özcan S, Nelson PT. Glimepiride Administered in Chow Reversibly Impairs Glucose Tolerance in Mice. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:1251345. [PMID: 30510962 PMCID: PMC6231393 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1251345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonylureas are a class of antidiabetes medications prescribed to millions of individuals worldwide. Rodents have been used extensively to study sulfonylureas in the laboratory. Here, we report the results of studies treating mice with a sulfonylurea (glimepiride) in order to understand how the drug affects glucose homeostasis and tolerance. We tested the effect of glimepiride on fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion, using glimepiride sourced from a local pharmacy. We also examined the effect on glucagon, gluconeogenesis, and insulin sensitivity. Unexpectedly, glimepiride exposure in mice was associated with fasting hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and decreased insulin. There was no change in circulating glucagon levels or gluconeogenesis. The effect was dose-dependent, took effect by two weeks, and was reversed within three weeks after removal. Glimepiride elicited the same effects in all strains evaluated: four wild-type strains, as well as the transgenic Grn-/- and diabetic db/db mice. Our findings suggest that the use of glimepiride as a hypoglycemic agent in mice should proceed with caution and may have broader implications about mouse models as a proxy to study the human pharmacopeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Niedowicz
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sabire Özcan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Huang X, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. The PI3K/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1483-1496. [PMID: 30263000 PMCID: PMC6158718 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complicated metabolic diseases that affect multiple organs and are characterized by hyperglycaemia. Currently, stable and effective treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are not available. Therefore, the mechanisms leading to obesity and diabetes and more effective ways to treat obesity and diabetes should be identified. Based on accumulated evidences, the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is required for normal metabolism due to its characteristics, and its imbalance leads to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on the role of PI3K/AKT signalling in the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, brain and pancreas, and discusses how this signalling pathway affects the development of the aforementioned diseases. We also summarize evidences for recently identified therapeutic targets of the PI3K/AKT pathway as treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PI3K/AKT pathway damaged in various tissues of the body leads to obesity and type 2 diabetes as the result of insulin resistance, and in turn, insulin resistance exacerbates the PI3K/AKT pathway, forming a vicious circle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen (518055), China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China
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Mwinyi J, Boström AE, Pisanu C, Murphy SK, Erhart W, Schafmayer C, Hampe J, Moylan C, Schiöth HB. NAFLD is associated with methylation shifts with relevance for the expression of genes involved in lipoprotein particle composition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:314-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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TRPM8 downregulation by angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cells is involved in hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1900-1908. [PMID: 28138709 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced injury of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) serves an important role in hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a thermally‑regulated Ca2+‑permeable channel that is activated by reduced body temperature. Although several recent studies have revealed the regulatory effect of TRPM8 in vascular tone and hypertension, the precise role of TRPM8 in dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by Ang II remains elusive. In the present study, the possible function of TRPM8 in Ang II‑induced VSMCs malfunction in vivo and in vitro was investigated. In the aortae from rats that had undergone a two‑kidney one‑clip operation, which is a widely‑used renovascular hypertension model, the mRNA and protein levels of TRPM8 were reduced. In addition, exogenous Ang II treatment decreased TRPM8 mRNA and protein expression levels in primary cultures of rat VSMCs. TRPM8 activation by menthol, a pharmacological agonist, in VSMCs, significantly attenuated the Ang II‑induced increase in reactive oxygen species and H2O2 production. In addition, TRPM8 activation reduced the Ang II‑induced upregulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and NOX4 in VSMCs. Furthermore, TRPM8 activation relieved the Ang II‑induced activation of ras homolog gene family, member A‑rho associated protein kinase 2 and janus kinase 2 signaling pathways in VSMCs. In conclusion, the results presented in the current study indicated that TRPM8 downregulation by Ang II in VSMCs may be involved in hypertension.
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13
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Sato T, Yoshida Y, Morita A, Mori N, Miura S. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 deficiency induces compensatory amino acid metabolism during fasting in mice. Metabolism 2016; 65:1646-1656. [PMID: 27733253 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose is used as an energy source in many organs and obtained from dietary carbohydrates. However, when the external energy supply is interrupted, e.g., during fasting, carbohydrates preserved in the liver and glycogenic precursors derived from other organs are used to maintain blood glucose levels. Glycerol and glycogenic amino acids derived from adipocytes and skeletal muscles are utilized as glycogenic precursors. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1), an NAD+/NADH-dependent enzyme present in the cytosol, catalyzes the reversible conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Since G3P is one of the substrates utilized for gluconeogenesis in the liver, the conversion of G3P to DHAP by GPD1 is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels during fasting. We focused on GPD1 and examined its roles in gluconeogenesis during fasting. METHODS Using GPD1 null model BALB/cHeA mice (HeA mice), we measured gluconeogenesis from glycerol and the change of blood glucose levels under fasting conditions. We also measured gene expression related to gluconeogenesis in the liver and protein metabolism in skeletal muscle. BALB/cBy mice (By mice) were used as a control. RESULTS The blood glucose levels in the HeA mice were lower than that in the By mice after glycerol administration. Although lack of GPD1 inhibited gluconeogenesis from glycerol, blood glucose levels in the HeA mice after 1-4h of fasting were significantly higher than that in the By mice. Muscle protein synthesis in HeA mice was significantly lower than that in the By mice. Moreover, blood alanine levels and usage of alanine for gluconeogenesis in the liver were significantly higher in the HeA mice than that in the By mice. CONCLUSIONS Although these data indicate that a lack of GPD1 inhibits gluconeogenesis from glycerol, chronic GPD1 deficiency may induce an adaptation that enhances gluconeogenesis from glycogenic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sato
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yuma Yoshida
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akihito Morita
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Nobuko Mori
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8570, Japan.
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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14
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Lotta LA, Sharp SJ, Burgess S, Perry JRB, Stewart ID, Willems SM, Luan J, Ardanaz E, Arriola L, Balkau B, Boeing H, Deloukas P, Forouhi NG, Franks PW, Grioni S, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Navarro C, Nilsson PM, Overvad K, Palli D, Panico S, Quirós JR, Riboli E, Rolandsson O, Sacerdote C, Salamanca EC, Slimani N, Spijkerman AMW, Tjonneland A, Tumino R, van der A DL, van der Schouw YT, McCarthy MI, Barroso I, O’Rahilly S, Savage DB, Sattar N, Langenberg C, Scott RA, Wareham NJ. Association Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Lowering Genetic Variants and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis. JAMA 2016; 316:1383-1391. [PMID: 27701660 PMCID: PMC5386134 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering alleles in or near NPC1L1 or HMGCR, encoding the respective molecular targets of ezetimibe and statins, have previously been used as proxies to study the efficacy of these lipid-lowering drugs. Alleles near HMGCR are associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, similar to the increased incidence of new-onset diabetes associated with statin treatment in randomized clinical trials. It is unknown whether alleles near NPC1L1 are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Objective To investigate whether LDL-C-lowering alleles in or near NPC1L1 and other genes encoding current or prospective molecular targets of lipid-lowering therapy (ie, HMGCR, PCSK9, ABCG5/G8, LDLR) are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Design, Setting, and Participants The associations with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease of LDL-C-lowering genetic variants were investigated in meta-analyses of genetic association studies. Meta-analyses included 50 775 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 270 269 controls and 60 801 individuals with coronary artery disease and 123 504 controls. Data collection took place in Europe and the United States between 1991 and 2016. Exposures Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering alleles in or near NPC1L1, HMGCR, PCSK9, ABCG5/G8, and LDLR. Main Outcomes and Measures Odds ratios (ORs) for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Results Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering genetic variants at NPC1L1 were inversely associated with coronary artery disease (OR for a genetically predicted 1-mmol/L [38.7-mg/dL] reduction in LDL-C of 0.61 [95% CI, 0.42-0.88]; P = .008) and directly associated with type 2 diabetes (OR for a genetically predicted 1-mmol/L reduction in LDL-C of 2.42 [95% CI, 1.70-3.43]; P < .001). For PCSK9 genetic variants, the OR for type 2 diabetes per 1-mmol/L genetically predicted reduction in LDL-C was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.02-1.38; P = .03). For a given reduction in LDL-C, genetic variants were associated with a similar reduction in coronary artery disease risk (I2 = 0% for heterogeneity in genetic associations; P = .93). However, associations with type 2 diabetes were heterogeneous (I2 = 77.2%; P = .002), indicating gene-specific associations with metabolic risk of LDL-C-lowering alleles. Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis, exposure to LDL-C-lowering genetic variants in or near NPC1L1 and other genes was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. These data provide insights into potential adverse effects of LDL-C-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca A. Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen. J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John R. B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isobel. D Stewart
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara M. Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarre Public Health Institute (ISPN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Larraitz Arriola
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
- Instituto BIO-Donostia, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Heiner Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Panos Deloukas
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Navarro
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Citta' della Salute e della Scienza Hospital-University of Turin and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Torino, Italy
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Elena C Salamanca
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Granada.ibs), Granada, Spain
| | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Daphne L van der A
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Barroso
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - David. B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert. A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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