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Smith L. Integrating the Physical Environment Within a Population Neuroscience Perspective. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38691314 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Population neuroscience recognises the role of the environment in shaping brain, behaviour, and mental health. An overview of current evidence from neuroscientific and epidemiological studies highlights the protective effects of nature on cognitive function and stress reduction, the detrimental effects of urban living on mental health, and emerging concerns relating to extreme weather events and eco-anxiety. Despite the growing body of evidence in this area, knowledge gaps remain due to inconsistent measures of exposure and a reliance on small samples. In this chapter, attention is given to the physical environment and population-level studies as a necessary starting point for exploring the long-term impacts of environmental exposures on mental health, and for informing future research that may capture immediate emotional and neural responses to the environment. Key data sources, including remote sensing imagery, administrative, sensor, and social media data, are outlined. Appropriate measures of exposure are advocated for, recognising the value of area-level measures for estimating exposure over large study samples and spatial and temporal scales. Although integrating data from multiple sources requires consideration for data quality and completeness, deep learning and the increasing availability of high-resolution data present opportunities to build a more complete picture of physical environments. Advances in leveraging detailed locational data are discussed as a subsequent approach for building upon initial observations from population studies and improving understanding of the mechanisms underlying behaviour and human-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Smith
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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McAusland L, Burton CL, Bagnell A, Boylan K, Hatchard T, Lingley-Pottie P, Al Maruf A, McGrath P, Newton AS, Rowa K, Schachar RJ, Shaheen SM, Stewart S, Arnold PD, Crosbie J, Mattheisen M, Soreni N, Stewart SE, Meier S. The genetic architecture of youth anxiety: a study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:159. [PMID: 38395805 PMCID: PMC10885620 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric problems among Canadian youth and typically have an onset in childhood or adolescence. They are characterized by high rates of relapse and chronicity, often resulting in substantial impairment across the lifespan. Genetic factors play an important role in the vulnerability toward anxiety disorders. However, genetic contribution to anxiety in youth is not well understood and can change across developmental stages. Large-scale genetic studies of youth are needed with detailed assessments of symptoms of anxiety disorders and their major comorbidities to inform early intervention or preventative strategies and suggest novel targets for therapeutics and personalization of care. METHODS The Genetic Architecture of Youth Anxiety (GAYA) study is a Pan-Canadian effort of clinical and genetic experts with specific recruitment sites in Calgary, Halifax, Hamilton, Toronto, and Vancouver. Youth aged 10-19 (n = 13,000) will be recruited from both clinical and community settings and will provide saliva samples, complete online questionnaires on demographics, symptoms of mental health concerns, and behavioural inhibition, and complete neurocognitive tasks. A subset of youth will be offered access to a self-managed Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy resource. Analyses will focus on the identification of novel genetic risk loci for anxiety disorders in youth and assess how much of the genetic risk for anxiety disorders is unique or shared across the life span. DISCUSSION Results will substantially inform early intervention or preventative strategies and suggest novel targets for therapeutics and personalization of care. Given that the GAYA study will be the biggest genomic study of anxiety disorders in youth in Canada, this project will further foster collaborations nationally and across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laina McAusland
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Christie L Burton
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexa Bagnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Khrista Boylan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Center for Child Studies, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Child and Youth Mental Health Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Hatchard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Youth Wellness Center, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Lingley-Pottie
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Abdullah Al Maruf
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Patrick McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amanda S Newton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Rowa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J Schachar
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S-M Shaheen
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sam Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Noam Soreni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Center for Child Studies, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Pediatric OCD Consultation Service, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Huang W, Sun X, Zhang X, Xu R, Qian Y, Zhu J. Neural Correlates of Early-Life Urbanization and Their Spatial Relationships with Gene Expression, Neurotransmitter, and Behavioral Domain Atlases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03962-7. [PMID: 38308665 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging research has established associations between urban exposure during early life and alterations in brain function and structure. However, the molecular mechanisms and behavioral relevance of these associations remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to address this question using a combined analysis of multimodal data. Initially, we calculated amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and gray matter volume (GMV) using resting-state functional and structural MRI to investigate their associations with early-life urbanization in a large sample of 511 healthy young adults. Then, we examined the spatial relationships of the identified neural correlates of early-life urbanization with gene expression, neurotransmitter, and behavioral domain atlases. Results showed that higher early-life urbanization scores were correlated with increased ALFF of the right fusiform gyrus and decreased GMV of the left dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and left precuneus. Remarkably, the identified neural correlates of early-life urbanization were spatially correlated with expression of gene categories primarily involving immune system process, signal transduction, and cellular metabolic process. Concurrently, there were significant associations between the neural correlates and specific neurotransmitter systems including dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin. Finally, we found that the ALFF correlates were associated with behavioral terms including "perception," "sensory," "cognitive control," and "reasoning." Apart from expanding existing knowledge of early-life urban environmental risk for mental disorders and health in general, our findings may contribute to an emerging framework for integrating social science, neuroscience, genetics, and public policy to respond to the major health challenge of world urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xuetian Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ruoxuan Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Wang Y, Ding R, Luo Y, He P, Zheng X. Does college education reduce the risk of schizophrenia? Evidence from a college enrollment expansion policy in China. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:519-525. [PMID: 38295748 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia occurs worldwide, and the health, and economic burden is substantial. As one of the common proxies of socioeconomic status (SES), education was reported to be associated with the risk of developing schizophrenia. However, there is no causal evidence about the relationship. This paper explores the health benefits of college education for schizophrenia. METHOD Based on exogenous variation in college enrollment across regions and cohorts induced by college enrollment expansion policy, we use instrument variable (IV) estimate strategy to estimate impacts of college education on the risk of schizophrenia with the data from Second National Sample Survey on Disability. RESULTS We find that college education reduces the risk of developing schizophrenia by 4.2 percentage points. Some further analyses suggest the causal protective effect is only found among men, rural, and low-income individuals. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new evidence for the causal relationship between college education and schizophrenia, and add to the literature on the health benefits of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshang Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ruoxi Ding
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, 38 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping He
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Korann V, Thonse U, Garani R, Jacob A, Ramkiran S, Praharaj SK, Bharath RD, Kumar V, Varambally S, Venkatasubramanian G, Rao NP. Association between urban upbringing and functional brain connectivity in schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:71-81. [PMID: 38419936 PMCID: PMC10898520 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_560_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental factors considerably influence the development of the human cortex during the perinatal period, early childhood, and adolescence. Urban upbringing in the first 15 years of life is a known risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ). Though the risk of urban birth and upbringing is well-examined from an epidemiological perspective, the biological mechanisms underlying urban upbringing remain unknown. The effect of urban birth and upbringing on functional brain connectivity in SCZ patients is not yet examined. Methods This is a secondary data analysis of three studies that included 87 patients with SCZ and 70 healthy volunteers (HV) aged 18 to 50 years. We calculated the developmental urbanicity index using a validated method in earlier studies. Following standard pre-processing of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans, seed-return on investment (ROI) functional connectivity analysis was performed. Results The results showed a significant association between urban birth and upbringing on functional connectivity in SCZ patients and HV (P < 0.05). In SCZ patients, connections from the right caudate, anterior cingulate cortex, left and right intracalcarine cortices, left and right lingual gyri, left posterior parahippocampal cortex to the cerebellum, fusiform gyri, lateral occipital cortex, and amygdala were significantly associated with the urbanicity index (P < 0.05). Conclusions These study findings suggest a significant association between urban birth and upbringing on functional brain connectivity in regions involved in reward processing and social cognition in SCZ. Assessment of social cognition could have implications in developing an in-depth understanding of this impairment in persons with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittal Korann
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Umesh Thonse
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjini Garani
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arpitha Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shukti Ramkiran
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Samir K. Praharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rose D. Bharath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naren P. Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Bolanis D, Vergunst F, Mavoa S, Schmelefske E, Khoury B, Turecki G, Orri M, Geoffroy MC. Association between greenspace exposure and suicide-related outcomes across the lifespan: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167451. [PMID: 37777126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have linked greenspace exposure to suicide, but findings are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review on the associations between greenspace exposure and suicide-related outcomes (namely, suicide mortality, self-harm, and suicidal ideation) up until January 6, 2023. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (or MMAT) to assess the quality of the included studies. In total, 23 studies met our inclusion criteria, consisting of 14 ecological, four cross-sectional, three longitudinal, and two experimental studies. Most studies were published in 2022 and conducted in Europe (n = 10), Asia (n = 7), and North America (n = 5), with one worldwide analysis. Various indicators were used to assess greenspace exposure including objective measures (e.g., level of surrounding greenness, quantity, structural features, tree canopy coverage), and greenspace use (e.g., duration and frequency). Suicide mortality was the most studied outcome (n = 14). Quality assessment showed that most (87 %) of the included observational studies used representative samples. Protective associations of exposure to greenspace were reported for suicide mortality (9/14 or 64 %), self-harm (n = 3/5 or 60 %) and suicidal ideation (n = 4/6 or 67 %), with nine or 36 % studies reporting no association. Most of the included studies adjusted for key covariates such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status at various aggregate levels (e.g., household, city). For greenspace exposure and suicide mortality, studies stratified by sex (n = 10) showed larger protective associations for females (n = 7) than for males (n = 4). However, the included studies showed high heterogeneity in terms of exposure indicators and greenspace definitions. Experimental studies and studies using youth samples were rare. While more research is warranted, preliminary findings suggest protective associations between greenspace exposure and suicide-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Bolanis
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francis Vergunst
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3011, Australia; Environmental Public Health Branch, Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Emma Schmelefske
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bassam Khoury
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Nobile F, Forastiere A, Michelozzi P, Forastiere F, Stafoggia M. Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of mental disorders. A large longitudinal cohort study of adults within an urban area. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108302. [PMID: 37944432 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological evidence suggests associations between air pollution exposure and major depressive disorders, but the literature is inconsistent for other mental illnesses. We investigated the associations of several air pollutants and road traffic noise with the incidence of different categories of mental disorders in a large population-based cohort. METHODS We enrolled 1,739,277 individuals 30 + years from the 2011 census in Rome, Italy, and followed them up until 2019. In detail, we analyzed 1,733,331 participants (mean age 56.43 +/- 15.85 years; 54.96 % female) with complete information on covariates of interest. We excluded subjects with prevalent mental disorders at baseline to evaluate the incidence (first hospitalization or co-pay exemption) of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar, anxiety, personality, or substance use disorders. In addition, we studied subjects with first prescriptions of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers. Annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), Black Carbon (BC), ultrafine particles (UFP), and road traffic noise were assigned to baseline residential addresses. We applied Cox regression models adjusted for individual and area-level covariates. RESULTS Each interquartile range (1.13 µg/m3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.070 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.017, 1.127) for schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 1.135 (CI: 1.086, 1.186) for depression, 1.097 (CI: 1.030, 1.168) for anxiety disorders. Positive associations were also detected for BC and UFP, and with the three categories of drug prescriptions. Bipolar, personality, and substance use disorders did not show clear associations. The effects were highest in the age group 30-64 years, except for depression. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, especially fine and ultrafine particles, was associated with increased risks of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders. The association of the pollutants with the prescriptions of specific drugs increases the credibility of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Nobile
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Paola Michelozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Environmental Research Group, Imperial College, London, UK; National Research Council, IFT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy
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Goldstein Ferber S, Shoval G, Weller A, Zalsman G. Not one thing at a time: When concomitant multiple stressors produce a transdiagnostic clinical picture. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:402-408. [PMID: 37547732 PMCID: PMC10401502 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i7.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms. These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole. Therefore, they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment. Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes, without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors. We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems: The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome, for a condition of multiplicity of stressors, which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era, in the general population. We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily, regular life, across the lifespan, and beyond conditions of catastrophes. We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder, more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals. Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Goldstein Ferber
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
- Psychology and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5317000, Israel
| | - Gal Shoval
- Department of Neuroscience, Princeton University, New Jersey, NJ 08544, United States
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 77096, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Psychology and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5317000, Israel
| | - Gil Zalsman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 77096, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
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9
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Wu Y, Yao Z, Ma G, Cheng J, Xu H, Qin W, Yi W, Pan R, Wei Q, Tang C, Liu X, He Y, Yan S, Li Y, Jin X, Liang Y, Sun X, Mei L, Song J, Song S, Su H. Effects of extreme precipitation on hospitalization risk and disease burden of schizophrenia in urban and rural Lu'an, China, from 2010 to 2019. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19176-19184. [PMID: 34713403 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing frequency of extreme events caused by global climate change, the association between extreme precipitation (EP) and disease has aroused concern currently. However, no study has examined the relationship between EP and schizophrenia. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between EP and schizophrenia, and to further examine the difference between urban and rural areas. This study used quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression model combined with distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to estimate the association between EP (≥ 95th percentile) and hospitalization for schizophrenia from 2010 to 2019 in the city of Lu'an, China. EP could significantly increase the risk of hospitalization for schizophrenia. The effect firstly appeared at lag1 [relative risk (RR): 1.056, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.003-1.110] and continued until lag17 (RR: 1.039, 95%CI: 1.004-1.075). Our research showed that EP had a significant effect on the hospitalization for schizophrenia in both urban and rural areas, and no significant difference was found (p>0.05). EP exerted more acute effects on schizophrenia living in rural areas than those in urban areas in the cold season. Further studies on the burden of schizophrenia found that patients who are male, aged ≤ 39 years or less, and living in urban areas are a priority for future warnings. We should pay more attention to the impact of EP on burden of schizophrenia, especially during the cold season, targeting those vulnerable groups, thereby implementing more accurate and timely preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenghai Yao
- Anhui Public Meteorological Service Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gongyan Ma
- Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huabin Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yunfeng Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoni Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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10
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Fitzgerald PJ, Kounelis-Wuillaume SK, Gheidi A, Morrow JD, Spencer-Segal JL, Watson BO. Sex- and stress-dependent effects of a single injection of ketamine on open field and forced swim behavior. Stress 2021; 24:857-865. [PMID: 33517825 PMCID: PMC8325703 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1871600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine has emerged as a novel treatment for common psychiatric conditions such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders, many of which can be initiated and exacerbated by psychological stress. Sex differences in the frequency of both anxiety and depressive disorders are well known and could be due to sex differences in neuroendocrine responses to stress. Ketamine is known to modulate the hormonal response to stress, specifically corticosterone. It is not clear if the acute effect of ketamine on corticosterone differs by sex, or what role this could play in subsequent behavior. Here we test whether a single injection of (R,S)-ketamine (30 mg/kg, i.p.), administered either with or without unpredictable chronic stress (UCS), has different sustained effects on open field test (OFT), elevated zero maze (EZM) or forced swim test (FST) behavior in female versus male C57BL/6J mice. In the OFT (24 h post-injection), ketamine increased center square exploration in males but not females. In contrast, in the FST (72 h post-injection), females showed a trend toward a decrease in immobility after ketamine whereas males were not strongly modulated. These behavioral effects of ketamine were stronger in the presence of UCS than in unstressed animals. UCS animals also showed lower corticosterone after injection than unstressed animals, and in the presence of UCS ketamine increased corticosterone; these effects were similar in both sexes. Corticosterone post-injection did not predict subsequent behavior. These findings complement a growing preclinical literature suggesting both stress-dependency and sex differences in OFT and FST behavioral responses to ketamine.LAY SUMMARYIn humans, it is known that major depression and anxiety disorders, which can be caused or made worse by exposure to psychological stress, occur roughly twice as frequently in women than in men, but the underpinnings of these effects are not well characterized. In the current study, we explored how sex interacts with stress and ketamine (a rapidly acting antidepressant) by assessing both open field and forced swim behavior in mice after chronic mild stress. We report the novel finding that male mice exhibit greater exploration of the aversive center square in the open field after ketamine, whereas females trended toward lower immobility (often interpreted as an antidepressant-like effect) in the forced swim test after this drug, and these effects were amplified by prior stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Ali Gheidi
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jonathan D. Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Joanna L. Spencer-Segal
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- For correspondence: ,
| | - Brendon O. Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- For correspondence: ,
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11
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Gamón V, Hurtado I, Salazar-Fraile J, Sanfélix-Gimeno G. Treatment patterns and appropriateness of antipsychotic prescriptions in patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13509. [PMID: 34188093 PMCID: PMC8241998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92731-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental condition presenting a wide range of symptoms. Although it has a low prevalence compared to other mental conditions, it has a negative impact on social and occupational functions. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of antipsychotic medications administered to schizophrenic patients and describe current treatment patterns for schizophrenia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in all patients over the age of 15 with an active diagnosis of schizophrenia and treated with antipsychotics between 2008 and 2013 in the Valencia region. A total of 19,718 patients were eligible for inclusion. The main outcome assessed was inappropriateness of the pharmacotherapeutic management, including polypharmacy use. Altogether, 30.4% of patients received antipsychotic polypharmacy, and 6.8% were prescribed three or more antipsychotics. Overdosage affected 318 individuals (1.6%), and 21.5% used concomitant psychotropics without an associated psychiatric diagnosis. Women and people with a comorbid condition like anxiety or depression were less likely to receive antipsychotic polypharmacy. In contrast, increased polypharmacy was associated with concomitant treatment with other psychoactive drugs, and only in user on maintenance therapy, with more visits to the mental health hospital. Overall, we observed a high level of inappropriateness in antipsychotic prescriptions. Greater adherence to guidelines could maximize the benefits of antipsychotic medications while minimizing risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Gamón
- Health Services Research Unit, Fundación Para el Fomento de La Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, FISABIO (the Valencia Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research), Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Hurtado
- Health Services Research Unit, Fundación Para el Fomento de La Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, FISABIO (the Valencia Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research), Valencia, Spain.
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC, ), Valencia, Spain.
| | - José Salazar-Fraile
- Community Mental Health Centre Pere Bonfill, Valencia, Spain
- Consorcio Hospital General, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Sanfélix-Gimeno
- Health Services Research Unit, Fundación Para el Fomento de La Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, FISABIO (the Valencia Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research), Valencia, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC, ), Valencia, Spain
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12
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Abstract
Rapid urbanization worldwide is associated to an increase of population in the urban settings and this is leading to new emerging mental health issues. This narrative mini-review is based on a literature search conducted through PubMed and EMBASE. A total of 113 articles published on the issue of urban mental health have been selected, cited, reviewed, and summarized. There are emerging evidences about the association between urbanization and mental health issues. Urbanization affects mental health through social, economic, and environmental factors. It has been shown that common mental syndromes report higher prevalence in the cities. Social disparities, social insecurity, pollution, and the lack of contact with nature are some of recognized factors affecting urban mental health. Further reserach studies and specific guidelines should be encouraged to help policy makers and urban designers to improve mental health and mental health care facilities in the cities; additional strategies to prevent and reduce mental illness in the urban settings should be also adopted globally.
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13
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Kim H, Kim WH, Kim YY, Park HY. Air Pollution and Central Nervous System Disease: A Review of the Impact of Fine Particulate Matter on Neurological Disorders. Front Public Health 2020; 8:575330. [PMID: 33392129 PMCID: PMC7772244 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.575330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is widely known that the harmful effects of fine dust can cause various diseases. Research on the correlation between fine dust and health has been mainly focused on lung and cardiovascular diseases. By contrast, the effects of air pollution on the central nervous system (CNS) are not broadly recognized. Findings: Air pollution can cause diverse neurological disorders as the result of inflammation of the nervous system, oxidative stress, activation of microglial cells, protein condensation, and cerebral vascular-barrier disorders, but uncertainty remains concerning the biological mechanisms by which air pollution produces neurological disease. Neuronal cell damage caused by fine dust, especially in fetuses and infants, can cause permanent brain damage or lead to neurological disease in adulthood. Conclusion: It is necessary to study the air pollution–CNS disease connection with particular care and commitment. Moreover, the epidemiological and experimental study of the association between exposure to air pollution and CNS damage is critical to public health and quality of life. Here, we summarize the correlations between fine dust exposure and neurological disorders reported so far and make suggestions on the direction future research should take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyoung Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Young-Youl Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
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14
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Rowland T, Majid M. Air pollution: An environmental risk factor for psychiatric illness? Bipolar Disord 2020; 22:309-310. [PMID: 31705564 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rowland
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK.,Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Madiha Majid
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK.,Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, UK
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