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Han L, Fan Y, Chen R, Zhai Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Li R, Xia L. Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Mining Soils Based on Fractions: A Case Study in Southern Shaanxi, China. TOXICS 2023; 11:997. [PMID: 38133398 PMCID: PMC10748273 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
With rapid economic development, soil heavy metal (HM) pollution has emerged as a global environmental concern. Because the toxicity of HMs differs dramatically among various fractions, risk assessments based on these fractions are of great significance for environmental management. This study employed a modified Hakanson index approach to evaluate the possible ecological impacts of soil HMs in a gold mine tailings pond in Shaanxi Province, China. A modified Hakanson-Monte Carlo model was built to perform a probabilistic risk assessment. The results showed that: (1) the exceedance rates of chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) were 68.75% and 93.75%, respectively. Moreover, the overall concentrations of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) were higher than the background soil environmental values in China. (2) HMs with the lowest oxidizable fraction were mostly present in the residual fraction. The oxidizable portions of Cr, Cu, and Pb and the reducible and residual fractions of As were notably distinct. (3) The risk degrees of Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn were low; those of As and Pb were very high and moderate; and the comprehensive ecological hazard index was very high. This study offers a solid scientific foundation for ecological risk notification and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yamin Fan
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China;
| | - Yunmeng Zhai
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Risheng Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China; (R.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Longfei Xia
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China; (R.L.); (L.X.)
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Rahimi M, Kamyab T, Rahimi G, Abadi ECA, Ebrahimi E, Naimi S. Modeling and identification of affective parameters on cadmium's durability and evaluating cadmium pollution indicators caused by using chemical fertilizers in long term. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8829-8850. [PMID: 36944748 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by anthropogenic heavy metals has become a global issue. This study aimed to investigate cadmium (Cd) concentration, mobility, and contamination indices of Cd in soils in the Hamadan province, west of Iran. To investigate the concentration of Cd in soil, one hundred soil samples from wheat farms and five samples from control lands were collected. Pollution indexes, including Cd mobility, enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, contamination index, and availability ratio, were investigated. The structural equation model was also used to evaluate effective parameters on cadmium durability in soil. Results showed that mean values of available phosphorus (P) were 83.65, 129, and 65 (mg kg-1) in three land-use types rainfed, irrigated, and controlled, respectively. The mean values of Cd in different land-use types of rainfed, irrigated, and controlled were 0.15, 0.18, and 0.08 (mg kg-1), respectively. The results indicated that the amount of Cd in both forms (available and total) in ones that received fertilizer, especially P fertilizers, was higher than in the controlled one. Other pollution indexes revealed that the study area had been slightly contaminated due to anthropogenic activities. Lime, clay, lead, and OM were identified as affective parameters on cadmium durability. Finally, the results demonstrated that the mobility rate was high. Cd had a higher potential mobility in soil samples in the rain-fed and irrigated land than in the controlled land, and Cd had a low retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Rahimi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Taraneh Kamyab
- Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Ghasem Rahimi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Eisa Ebrahimi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Salman Naimi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Yu Q, Gao B, Wu P, Chen M, He C, Zhang X. Effects of microplastics on the phytoremediation of Cd, Pb, and Zn contaminated soils by Solanum photeinocarpum and Lantana camara. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116312. [PMID: 37270082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging pollutants and have become a global environmental issue. The impacts of microplastics on the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils are unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four additions (0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% w·w-1) of polyethylene (PE) and cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) contaminated soil on the growth and heavy metal accumulation of two hyperaccumulators (Solanum photeinocarpum and Lantana camara). PE significantly decreased the pH and activities of dehydrogenase and phosphatase in soil, while it increased the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soil. Peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in the plant leaves were all considerably increased by PE. PE had no discernible impact on plant height, but it did significantly impede root growth. PE affected the morphological contents of heavy metals in soils and plants, while it did not alter their proportions. PE increased the content of heavy metals in the shoots and roots of the two plants by 8.01-38.32% and 12.24-46.28%, respectively. However, PE significantly reduced the Cd extraction amount in plant shoots, while it significantly increased the Zn extraction amount in the plant roots of S. photeinocarpum. For L. camara, a lower addition (0.1%) of PE inhibited the extraction amount of Pb and Zn in the plant shoots, but a higher addition (0.5% and 1%) of PE stimulated the Pb extraction amount in the plant roots and the Zn extraction amount in the plant shoots. Our results indicated that PE microplastics have negative effects on the soil environment, plant growth, and the phytoremediation efficiency of Cd and Pb. These findings contribute to a better knowledge of the interaction effects of microplastics and heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankui Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Minni Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Chuanqian He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xingfeng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Huang C, Zhang L, Meng J, Yu Y, Qi J, Shen P, Li X, Ding P, Chen M, Hu G. Characteristics, source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban road dust of the Pearl River Delta, South China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113490. [PMID: 35398649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the characteristics of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni and Zn) in urban road dust from different cities and functional areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China, a total of 294 dust samples were analyzed. The contamination characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in the dust were assessed, their chemical speciation were distinguished, and their sources were identified by the correlations, cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). The mean concentrations of As (15.89 mg/kg), Cd (1.59 mg/kg), Cr (143.75 mg/kg), Cu (184.42 mg/kg), Pb (114.82 mg/kg), Hg (0.11 mg/kg), Ni (41.53 mg/kg) and Zn (645.94 mg/kg) in urban road dust were in high or moderate levels compare with other previous researches. In this case, the contamination of Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in the industrial area (IA) and the contamination of Cd and Hg in the commercial area (CA) were significantly higher relative to other functional areas (P < 0.05), and the contamination of heavy metals in Foshan City was significantly higher than other cities (P < 0.01). The order of mobility of the heavy metals with higher concentration in urban road dust of the Pearl River Delta declined in the following order: Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb and Cr. Statistical analysis result showed the contaminated heavy metals in urban road dust were mainly contributed by industrial activities, traffic activities and building pollution. There were no significant carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks for adults, children however showed significant noncarcinogenic effect caused by As and Cr in partial points, albeit with low contamination level of the two metals. The ingestion was a principal pathway for heavy metals via urban road dust to exposure population. More protection measures should be considered to reduce children's exposure to the dust, especially in the CA and IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chushan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jiuling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jianying Qi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ping Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Mianbiao Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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Li F, Zhang Y, Hao S, Xu W, Shen K, Long Z. Leaching Behaviour and Enhanced Phytoextraction of Additives for Cadmium-Contaminated Soil by Pennisetum sp. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:658-667. [PMID: 32322932 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The leaching behavior of five additives, including citric acid (CA), wood vinegar (WV), 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), polyaspartic acid (PASP) and FeCl3, was investigated to evaluate the possibility of enhanced phytoextraction of Pennisetum sp. from cadmium-contaminated soil. FeCl3 and CA have the highest leaching potential due to the ability that could convert large amounts of mobile fractions of Cd. The pot experiment showed that HEDP, WV, and PASP treatments could not only significantly increase the biomass of Pennisetum sp., but also maintain high uptake capacity of Cd by activating the stable fractions. HEDP has the highest Cd extraction efficiency and metal extraction ratio (MER) value. The phytoremediation efficiency could be improved mainly by increasing the biomass of the tolerant shoots, and Pennisetum sp. seems to have the maximum potential of phytoextraction to Cd with HEDP which could achieve a higher phytoextraction effect than Cd-hyperaccumulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Shefeng Hao
- Geological Survey Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210018, China.
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Geological Survey Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhen Long
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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6
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Zhu X, Li MY, Chen XQ, Wang JY, Li LZ, Tu C, Luo YM, Li HB, Ma LQ. As, Cd, and Pb relative bioavailability in contaminated soils: Coupling mouse bioassay with UBM assay. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104875. [PMID: 31200159 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The robustness of in vitro bioaccessibility assays to predict oral relative bioavailability (RBA) of multiple metals in contaminated soils requires validation using additional soil samples. In this study, 11 contaminated soils from mining/smelting areas were analyzed for As-, Cd-, and Pb-RBA using a mouse bioassay and metal bioaccessibility via the UBM gastric phase assay. Metal-RBA varied considerably among soils, with As-RBA (2.5-23%, mean 12%) being generally lower than Cd-and Pb-RBA (3.4-88 and 3.3-59%, mean 42 and 28%), due to higher proportions of As in the residual fractions. Metal-RBA generally decreased with increasing metal concentrations probably due to reduced labile metal fractions. In addition, strong negative correlations were observed between total Fe with As-, Cd-, and Pb-RBA (R2 = 0.46-0.77), suggesting the role of Fe in controlling metal-RBA in soils. Like RBA, metal bioaccessibility by the UBM assay also varied among samples. However, strong in vivo-in vitro correlations (IVIVCs) were observed between metal-RBA and bioaccessibility (R2 = 0.52-0.81). Further, there were little differences when As-, Cd-, and Pb-IVIVCs established using soils from this study and soils pooled from literature were compared, suggesting the robustness of the UBM assay to predict metal-RBA in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng-Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jue-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lian-Zhen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yong-Ming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Sun H, Gao B, Gao L, Xu D, Sun K. Using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and DGT-induced fluxes in sediments model to assess the dynamic release of copper in sediment cores from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:192-200. [PMID: 30954818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As one of the largest man-made reservoir, the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) brings great uncertainty and challenges regarding trace metal (e.g., Cu) remobilization in the sediment. Therefore, in this study, sediment cores were collected from the mainstream of the Yangtze River and its three tributaries in the TGR, with a focus on evaluating the Cu remobilization risk and release dynamics using conventional methods, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), and the DGT-induced fluxes in sediments (DIFS) model. The results showed that although total Cu concentrations were slightly higher than background values, Cu was mainly observed in the unreactive residual fraction. Additionally, assessment of sediment quality guidelines and the risk assessment code indicated low Cu contamination risk for all sampling sites. However, the results of DGT measurements at the sediment-water interface showed efflux of Cu from sediment to the overlying water at most sites, except for the upstream of the Meixi River and the mainstream of the Yangtze River. Interestingly, diffusion fluxes at the three tributaries displayed an increase trend from the upper to lower reaches. The DIFS model simulation further implied that the highest resupply capacity and desorption rate occurred in the Zhuyi River and the upstream of the Meixi River. In fact, the accumulation of Cu from the upper to the lower reaches of the Zhuyi River significantly elevated the Cu resupply capacity. Thus, more attention should be paid to Cu mobilization in the TGR, especially in the Zhuyi River and the upstream of the Meixi River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Wang N, Wang XC, Liu H, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Xiong J, Pan P, Liu Y. Speciation, Distribution and Risk Assessment of Metals in Sediments from a Water Body Replenished by Effluent from a Wastewater Treatment Plant. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:525-530. [PMID: 30734841 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To assess the status and risk of metal pollution in landscape water body replenished by wastewater treatment plant effluent, the distribution of metals in sediments from three regions [regulation pond (RP), wetland lake (WL), and main lake (ML)] of Harbor Lake, Tianjin, China, was characterized. Higher levels of all metals (except Cr and Pb) were observed in RP sediments. As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were mainly bound to organic matter and sulfide (F3) and residual fractions (F4), while the exchangeable and carbonate fraction (F1) and Fe/Mn oxide fraction (F2) were the dominant forms for Cd. Additionally, finding showed that the overall risk of sediments in aquatic systems was affected by both metal toxicity and metal fractionation. Thus, according to a modified risk assessment code (RAC), the potential adverse effect of metals in sediments was medium (although As, Cd, Ni, and Zn had high mobility risks based on the RAC), decreasing in the order RP > WL > ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yucong Zheng
- International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Pan Pan
- Wuhuan Engineering Co., Ltd, Wuhuan, 430223, China
| | - Yanzheng Liu
- International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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Amrane C, Bouhidel KE. Analysis and speciation of heavy metals in the water, sediments, and drinking water plant sludge of a deep and sulfate-rich Algerian reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:73. [PMID: 30648219 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research work aimed to assess the water quality, speciation of heavy metals in sediments and water, and the drinking water treatment plant in an important Algerian reservoir (Timgad dam, Batna). Algeria has invested billions of dollars in large seawater desalination plants and dams; however, the water quality remains a serious issue, hence this research. The high concentration (≥ 400 mg/l) of sulfate and the depth (44 m) of the studied reservoir leads to sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) activity and water stratification, influencing the sulfur S cycle and metal speciation. The total and sequential extractions, using the method of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), were applied to characterize seven metals in sediments and coagulation sludge. It showed the absence of Zn and only trace levels of other metals in the water, whereas the sediment and the decanter sludge were highly contaminated, especially by Fe and Zn (2100 to 2800 mg/kg); the other metal concentrations were much lower. The absence of Zn in aqueous phases and its high concentration in the solid phases turned out to be a serious paradox and issue of this research work. The compositions of the reservoir sediments and coagulation sludge (decanter sludge) were similar, suggesting the metals travel through turbidity, from reservoir to treatment plant and the potential drinking water contamination. This metal characterization, combined with speciation predictive software, will allow a better understanding of heavy metal behavior and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amrane
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry LCCE (Team: Water Chemistry/Desalination & Environment), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Matter Sciences, University Hadj Lakhdar, 05000, Batna 1, Algeria.
| | - K E Bouhidel
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry LCCE (Team: Water Chemistry/Desalination & Environment), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Matter Sciences, University Hadj Lakhdar, 05000, Batna 1, Algeria
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ELTurk M, Abdullah R, Rozainah MZ, Abu Bakar NK. Evaluation of heavy metals and environmental risk assessment in the Mangrove Forest of Kuala Selangor estuary, Malaysia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:1-9. [PMID: 30509789 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the distribution, enrichment and ecological risk of heavy metals (arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb)) concentration in Kuala Selangor estuary at the Kuala Selangor Nature Park. The results suggested that As and Pb in sediment were as high as the background value, suggesting the presence of anthropogenic contamination. The risk assessment of sediment Igeo, CD, and PERI, on the other hand, showed low risk of heavy metals in Kuala Selangor estuary. Meanwhile, risk assessment code (RAC) results showed that Mn, As and Zn presented medium to high level of environmental risk. The translocation factor and bioaccumulation factors of heavy metal concentration by mangrove vegetation showed a variety of trends, which indicates the different partitioning and uptake ability of heavy metal in the tissues of different mangrove species. Therefore, underscores the importance of preserving the high diversity of mangroves at securing the health and productivity of the coastal region. These results may play a critical role in facilitating decision makers in managing the sustainability of mangrove forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed ELTurk
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rosazlin Abdullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - M Z Rozainah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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11
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Sun Z, Xie X, Wang P, Hu Y, Cheng H. Heavy metal pollution caused by small-scale metal ore mining activities: A case study from a polymetallic mine in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:217-227. [PMID: 29787905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although metal ore mining activities are well known as an important source of heavy metals, soil pollution caused by small-scale mining activities has long been overlooked. This study investigated the pollution of surface soils in an area surrounding a recently abandoned small-scale polymetallic mining district in Guangdong province of south China. A total of 13 tailing samples, 145 surface soil samples, and 29 water samples were collected, and the concentrations of major heavy metals, including Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Se, were determined. The results show that the tailings contained high levels of heavy metals, with Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb occurring in the ranges of 739-4.15 × 103, 1.81 × 103-5.00 × 103, 118-1.26 × 103, 8.14-57.7, and 1.23 × 103-6.99 × 103 mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metals also occurred at high concentrations in the mine drainages (15.4-17.9 mg/L for Cu, 21.1-29.3 mg/L for Zn, 0.553-0.770 mg/L for Cd, and 1.17-2.57 mg/L for Pb), particularly those with pH below 3. The mean contents of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the surface soils of local farmlands were up to 7 times higher than the corresponding background values, and results of multivariate statistical analysis clearly indicate that Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were largely contributed by the mining activities. The surface soils from farmlands surrounding the mining district were moderately to seriously polluted, while the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution was extremely high. It was estimated that the input fluxes from the mining district to the surrounding farmlands were approximately 17.1, 59.2, 0.311, and 93.8 kg/ha/yr for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, respectively, which probably occurred through transport of fine tailings by wind and runoff, and mine drainage as well. These findings indicate the significant need for proper containment of the mine tailings at small-scale metal ore mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiande Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ping Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanan Hu
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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12
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Pavlović D, Pavlović M, Čakmak D, Kostić O, Jarić S, Sakan S, Đorđević D, Mitrović M, Gržetić I, Pavlović P. Fractionation, Mobility, and Contamination Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Urban Soils in Four Industrial Serbian Cities. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:335-350. [PMID: 29508032 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The main soil properties, concentrations of selected elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and the chemical speciation of each element were determined in urban soil samples taken from urban parks in four Serbian cities (Belgrade, Pančevo, Obrenovac, and Smederevo) exposed to different sources of pollution. Pollution indices (PI, PIN) and factors (MF, ICF, GCF) also were evaluated. The study revealed As and Cd concentrations below the detection limit, whereas the content of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn at some sites exceeded the limits established by local regulations, as well as the background values, which may represent an environmental threat. Sequential extraction results show that Fe, Cr, Cu, and Ni were predominantly in the residual fraction at most sites; however, Ni from Pančevo and Smederevo also was bound to the reducible fraction. The presence of Pb at all sites and Zn in Smederevo and Belgrade was mainly associated with the reducible and residual fractions. The highest Mn content was found in the reducible fraction, followed by the acid soluble/exchangeable and residual fractions. Based on the obtained indices and factors, the overall soil status at the selected sampling sites was found to range from the warning limit to slightly polluted, whereby Smederevo had the highest risk, and Pančevo and the control site the lowest risk of contamination by toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Pavlović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Marija Pavlović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dragan Čakmak
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Olga Kostić
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Snežana Jarić
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Sanja Sakan
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dragana Đorđević
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Mitrović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ivan Gržetić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Pavle Pavlović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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13
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Thinh NV, Osanai Y, Adachi T, Thai PK, Nakano N, Ozaki A, Kuwahara Y, Kato R, Makio M, Kurosawa K. Chemical speciation and bioavailability concentration of arsenic and heavy metals in sediment and soil cores in estuarine ecosystem, Vietnam. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Liang G, Zhang B, Lin M, Wu S, Hou H, Zhang J, Qian G, Huang X, Zhou J. Evaluation of heavy metal mobilization in creek sediment: Influence of RAC values and ambient environmental factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1339-1347. [PMID: 28738527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment code (RAC) is a common method for assessing heavy metal (HM) mobility and their potential health risks, based on HM total concentration and chemical speciation. In this study, both the RAC and the influence of ambient environmental factors were investigated in a river sediment system. Sixty-eight sediment samples were collected from the main river system in Shanghai, China. The total concentration and chemical speciation of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg were determined in the samples. The influence of sediment environmental factors, such as acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), Fe & Mn, and total organic carbon (TOC), on total metal concentrations and speciation was also investigated. The relationship between the main environmental media and distribution of HMs was discussed using PCA and NMDS. The transfer-transformation behaviors of Pb, Ni, and Cr were mainly controlled by AVS and TOC while Zn, Cu, and Cd were influenced by Fe & Mn and TOC. The relationship between the RAC value of HM and environmental factors revealed that 7% of Cr, 23% of Ni, and 15% of Pb had a high risk of mobility at TOC values below 3.5% and sulfite contents below 10mmol/kg. In comparison, 29%, 10%, and 10% of Zn, Cu, and Cd, respectively, had a high risk of mobility at TOC<3.5% and Fe & Mn content >4×105mg/kg. Evidently, the chemical fractions of HM had a strong dependence on the S, Fe, Mn, and organic compounds in the sediment. This study provides a promising pathway for the rapid evaluation of potential risks from HMs in river sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Liang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Solid Waste Management, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Mao Lin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Simiao Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hao Hou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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15
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Ippolito JA, Berry CM, Strawn DG, Novak JM, Levine J, Harley A. Biochars Reduce Mine Land Soil Bioavailable Metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2017; 46:411-419. [PMID: 28380572 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.10.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been proposed as an amendment to remediate mine land soils; however, it could be advantageous and novel if feedstocks local to mine land sites were used for biochar production. Two different feedstocks (pine beetle-killed lodgepole pine [] and tamarisk [ spp.]), within close proximity to mine land-affected soils, were used to create biochars to determine if they have the potential to reduce metal bioavailability. Four different mine land soils, contaminated with various amounts of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, received increasing amounts of biochar (0, 5, 10, and 15% by wt). Soil pH and metal bioavailability were determined, and the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure was used to identify pools responsible for potential shifts in bioavailability. Increasing biochar application rates caused increases in soil pH (initial, 3.97; final, 7.49) and 55 to 100% (i.e., no longer detectable) decreases in metal bioavailability. The BCR procedure supported the association of Cd with carbonates, Cu and Zn with oxyhydroxides and carbonates, and Pb with oxyhydroxides; these phases were likely responsible for the reduction in heavy metal bioavailability. This study proved that both of these feedstocks local to abandoned mining operations could be used to create biochars and reduce heavy metal bioavailability in mine land soils.
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16
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Safari Sinegani AA, Jafari Monsef M. Chemical speciation and bioavailability of cadmium in the temperate and semiarid soils treated with wheat residue. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9750-9758. [PMID: 26850097 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal bioavailability depends on metal fractions in soil. The impacts of mild wheat residue (<2 mm) and incubation time on fractions of Cd were studied in two different spiked soils sampled from Hamadan and Lahijan, Iran with semiarid and temperate climates, respectively. Two factorial experiments were done in two soils polluted with 10 μg Cd g(-1) soil separately. Organic matter (0 and 5 % wheat straw) and soil incubation time (24 and 3600 h) were factors examined in three replicates. The transformation of Cd from KNO3 extractable form to less available fractions was higher in semiarid soils with lower clay and OM contents and higher pH and carbonate contents compared to temperate soils. In polluted semiarid soils after 24 h incubation, greater content of Cd was observed in residual (HNO3 extractable) (45 %), carbonates associated (EDTA extractable) (34 %), organic matter associated (NaOH extractable) (11 %), and KNO3 extractable (10 %) fractions, but in temperate soils, greater content of Cd was observed in KNO3 extractable (61 %), HNO3 extractable (14 %), EDTA extractable (13 %), and NaOH extractable (12 %) fractions. KNO3 extractable form of Cd was decreased, and NaOH extractable and HNO3 extractable forms of Cd were increased by addition of wheat residue to both soils. The initial decrease of added Cd from KNO3 extractable form to less mobile fractions in Hamadan soil was very interesting. But this change was not observed in Lahijan soil. Since contamination factor was significantly high in temperate soils compared to semiarid soils in all treatments, the risk of Cd environmental pollution in temperate region is considerably high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milad Jafari Monsef
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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17
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Ma X, Zuo H, Tian M, Zhang L, Meng J, Zhou X, Min N, Chang X, Liu Y. Assessment of heavy metals contamination in sediments from three adjacent regions of the Yellow River using metal chemical fractions and multivariate analysis techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:264-72. [PMID: 26363329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Metal chemical fractions obtained by optimized BCR three-stage extraction procedure and multivariate analysis techniques were exploited for assessing 7 heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Zn and Ni) in sediments from Gansu province, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions of the Yellow River in Northern China. The results indicated that higher susceptibility and bioavailability of Cr and Cd with a strong anthropogenic source were due to their higher availability in the exchangeable fraction. A portion of Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, and Ni in reducible fraction may be due to the fact that they can form stable complexes with Fe and Mn oxides. Substantial amount of Pb, Co, Ni and Cu was observed as oxidizable fraction because of their strong affinity to the organic matters so that they can complex with humic substances in sediments. The high geo-accumulation indexes (I(geo)) for Cr and Cd showed their higher environmental risk to the aquatic biota. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that high toxic Cr and Cd in polluted sites (Cd in S10, S11 and Cr in S13) may be contributed to anthropogenic sources, it was consistent with the results of dual hierarchical clustering analysis (DHCA), which could give more details about contributing sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hang Zuo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Mengjing Tian
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia Meng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuening Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Min
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyuan Chang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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18
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Yıldırım G, Tokalıoğlu Ş. Heavy metal speciation in various grain sizes of industrially contaminated street dust using multivariate statistical analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 124:369-376. [PMID: 26595510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A total of 36 street dust samples were collected from the streets of the Organised Industrial District in Kayseri, Turkey. This region includes a total of 818 work places in various industrial areas. The modified BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure was applied to evaluate the mobility and bioavailability of trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in street dusts of the study area. The BCR was classified into three steps: water/acid soluble fraction, reducible and oxidisable fraction. The remaining residue was dissolved by using aqua regia. The concentrations of the metals in street dust samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Also the effect of the different grain sizes (<38µm, 38-53µm and 53-74µm) of the 36 street dust samples on the mobility of the metals was investigated using the modified BCR procedure. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the first three phases (for <74µm grain size) was: Cd (71.3)>Cu (48.9)>Pb (42.8)=Cr (42.1)>Ni (41.4)>Zn (40.9)>Co (36.6)=Mn (36.3)>Fe (3.1). No significant difference was observed among metal partitioning for the three particle sizes. Correlation, principal component and cluster analysis were applied to identify probable natural and anthropogenic sources in the region. The principal component analysis results showed that this industrial district was influenced by traffic, industrial activities, air-borne emissions and natural sources. The accuracy of the results was checked by analysis of both the BCR-701 certified reference material and by recovery studies in street dust samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşen Yıldırım
- Erciyes University, Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, TR 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Şerife Tokalıoğlu
- Erciyes University, Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, TR 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
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19
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Zang Y, Wei X, Hao M. Long-Term Effect of Crop Rotation and Fertilisation on Bioavailability and Fractionation of Copper in Soil on the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145370. [PMID: 26694965 PMCID: PMC4687829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability and fractionation of Cu reflect its deliverability in soil. Little research has investigated Cu supply to crops in soil under long-term rotation and fertilisation on the Loess Plateau. A field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design to determine the bioavailability and distribution of Cu fractions in a Heilu soil (Calcaric Regosol) after 18 years of rotation and fertilisation. The experiment started in 1984, including five cropping systems (fallow control, alfalfa cropping, maize cropping, winter wheat cropping, and grain-legume rotation of pea/winter wheat/winter wheat + millet) and five fertiliser treatments (unfertilised control, N, P, N + P, and N + P + manure). Soil samples were collected in 2002 for chemical analysis. Available Cu was assessed by diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction, and Cu was fractionated by sequential extraction. Results showed that DTPA-Cu was lower in cropping systems compared with fallow control. Application of fertilisers resulted in no remarkable changes in DTPA-Cu compared with unfertilised control. Correlation and path analyses revealed that soil pH and CaCO3 directly affected Cu bioavailability, whereas available P indirectly affected Cu bioavailability. The concentrations of Cu fractions (carbonate and Fe/Al oxides) in the plough layer were lower in cropping systems, while the values in the plough sole were higher under grain-legume rotation relative to fallow control. Manure with NP fertiliser increased Cu fractions bound to organic matter and minerals in the plough layer, and its effects in the plough sole varied with cropping systems. The direct sources (organic-matter-bound fraction and carbonate-bound fraction) of available Cu contributed much to Cu bioavailability. The mineral-bound fraction of Cu acted as an indicator of Cu supply potential in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingde Hao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Bade R, Oh S, Sik Shin W. Assessment of metal bioavailability in smelter-contaminated soil before and after lime amendment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:299-307. [PMID: 22498424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, changes in bioavailable concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and As in former smelter site soils (J1 and J2) were investigated before and after lime amendment. The immobilization efficiencies of metal(loid)s were evaluated by Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Their bioavailable concentrations in the soils were evaluated by the acid-extractable and -reducible fractions in Standard Measurement and Testing Program (i.e., SM&T(I+II)), in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT). The results showed that the bioavailable concentrations remarkably decreased after lime amendment in both J1 and J2 soils. DGT uptake and resupply (R) of Zn, Cu and As from soil to soil solution increased but that of Pb decreased. This pattern was consistent with SM&T(I+II)- and PBET-extractable concentrations after lime amendment. This indicates that lime amendment is highly effective for the immobilization of Zn, Cu and As, but not for Pb. Our results implicate that DGT can be used to estimate bioavailability of metal(loid)s in soils and further extended to estimate risk reduction after soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra Bade
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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21
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Bade R, Oh S, Shin WS. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) for the prediction of bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils to earthworm (Eisenia foetida) and oral bioavailable concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 416:127-136. [PMID: 22134028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) as a biomimic surrogate was investigated to determine the bioavailable heavy metal concentrations to earthworm (Eisenia foetida). The relationships between the amount of DGT and earthworm uptake; DGT uptake and the bioavailable concentrations of heavy metals in soils were evaluated. The one-compartment model for the dynamic uptake of heavy metals in the soil fitted well to both the earthworm (R(2)=0.641-0.990) and DGT (R(2)=0.473-0.998) uptake data. DGT uptake was linearly correlated with the total heavy metal concentrations in the soil (aqua regia), the bioavailable heavy metal concentrations estimated by fractions I+II of the standard measurements and testing (SM&T) and physiologically based extraction test (PBET, stomach+intestine). The coefficients of determination (R(2)) of DGT uptake vs. aqua regia were 0.433, 0.929 and 0.723; vs. SM&T fractions (I+II) were 0.901, 0.882 and 0.713 and vs. PBET (stomach+intestine) were 0.913, 0.850 and 0.649 for Pb, Zn and Cu, respectively. These results imply that DGT can be used as a biomimic surrogate for the earthworm uptake of heavy metals in contaminated soils as well as predict bioavailable concentrations of heavy metals estimated by SM&T (I+II) and PBET as a human oral bioavailable concentrations of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra Bade
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-Dong, Buk-Gu, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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22
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Nemati K, Abu Bakar NK, Abas MRB, Sobhanzadeh E, Low KH. Comparison of unmodified and modified BCR sequential extraction schemes for the fractionation of heavy metals in shrimp aquaculture sludge from Selangor, Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 176:313-320. [PMID: 20632089 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A study was carried out to investigate the fractionation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in shrimp aquaculture sludge from Selangor, Malaysia, using original (unmodified) and modified four-steps BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference, now known as the Standards Measurements and Testing Program) sequential extraction scheme. Step 2 of the unmodified BCR procedure (subsequently called Method A) involves treatment with 0.1 M hydroxylammonium chloride at pH 2, whereas 0.5 M hydroxylammonium chloride at pH 1.5 was used in the modified BCR procedure (subsequently called Method B). Metal analyses were carried out by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A pseudo-total aqua-regia digest of BCR CRM 701 has also been undertaken for quality assurance purposes. The recovery of Method A for all metals studied ranges from 96.14% to 105.26%, while the recovery for Method B ranges from 95.94% to 122.40%. Our results reveal that Method A underestimated the proportion of metals bound to the easily reducible fraction except for copper. Therefore, the potential mobility of these elements is higher than others. Thus, to use this sludge as a fertilizer we have to first find a remediation for reduction of heavy metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Nemati
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Bakircioglu D, Kurtulus YB, Ibar H. Investigation of trace elements in agricultural soils by BCR sequential extraction method and its transfer to wheat plants. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 175:303-314. [PMID: 20499161 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, soil samples were collected from Edirne, Turkey in both summer and winter seasons and subjected to the modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure in order to investigate the chemical partitioning of metals in soils and to predict heavy metals uptake by wheat grains which grown at the same soils. The samples were subjected to a three stage extraction procedure proposed by the BCR. The three phases that were separated out in the following order: (1) carbonate, exchangeable, (2) Fe-Mn oxides, and (3) organic matter. Metal concentrations of soil fractions and grain samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The wheat samples were prepared to analysis using microwave acid digestion procedure. The pseudo-total concentrations of metals were determined after aqua regia digestion. The analytical accuracy of the method was evaluated by using the Standard Reference Materials (BCR 142R Light Sandy Soil, NIST 2711 Montana Soil, and NIST 2704 Buffalo River Sediment). The sum of the metal contents obtained from the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure and pseudo-total metal contents for soil samples were used to calculate recovery values. In order to evaluate the bioavailability of metals, the relationships between the wheat-metal and soil-extractable metal concentrations were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Bakircioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey.
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Guan TX, He HB, Zhang XD, Bai Z. Cu fractions, mobility and bioavailability in soil-wheat system after Cu-enriched livestock manure applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:215-22. [PMID: 21040942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization of crops with livestock manure (LM) is a common waste disposal option, but repeated application of LM containing high concentrations of heavy metals such as Cu could lead to crop toxicity and environmental risk. To examine the Cu availability and uptake by wheat in a Mollisol affected by Cu-enriched LM, pot experiments were conducted. LM (376 mg kg⁻¹ Cu originally) was spiked with different concentrations of Cu (0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg⁻¹ soil, added as CuSO⁴) to simulate soil Cu contamination by LM application. The results indicated that Cu was predominately distributed in organic bound fraction, while the most drastic increase was found in reducible fraction. Acid-extractable fraction played a more important role than other fractions in controlling the mobility and bioavailability of Cu. DTPA-extractable Cu may overestimate the Cu bioavailability since DTPA solution could extract soluble and part of stable forms. The application of LM at 1% level significantly decline the Cu mobility, but that at 3% level exhibited the opposite effect. Although the quantities of Cu in wheat was very low compared with the accumulation in soil, Cu concentrations in roots increased evidently from 12 to 533 mg kg⁻¹ and that in aerial parts were in a narrow range from 12.1 to 32.7 mg kg⁻¹, indicating the more sensitivity of roots to the Cu toxicity. The Cu concentrations in grains after 3% manure application did not approach the threshold for Cu toxicity (< 20mg kg⁻¹) even at higher Cu addition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T X Guan
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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