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Tian S, Liu Z, Mao Q, Ye H, Tian C, Zhu Y, Zhang L. Leaching characteristics and environmental impact of heavy metals in tailings under rainfall conditions: A case study of an ion-adsorption rare earth mining area. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116642. [PMID: 38941660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Following ion-adsorption rare earth mining, the residual tailings experience considerable heavy metal contamination and gradually evolve into a pollution source. Therefore, the leaching characteristics and environmental impact of heavy metals in ion-adsorption rare earth tailings require immediate and thorough investigation. This study adopted batch and column experiments to investigate the leaching behaviour of heavy metals in tailings and assess the impact of tailings on paddy soil, thereby providing a scientific basis for environmental protection in mining areas. The results showed that Mn, Zn, and Pb contents were 431.67, 155.05, and 264.33 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were several times higher than their respective background values, thereby indicating significant heavy metal contamination in the tailings. The batch leaching experiment indicated that Mn and Pb were priority control heavy metals. Heavy metals were divided into fast and slow leaching stages. The Mn and Pb leaching concentrations far exceeded environmental limits. The DoseResp model perfectly fitted the leaching of all heavy metals from the tailings (R2 > 0.99). In conjunction with the findings of the column experiment and correlation analysis, the chemical form, rainfall pH, ammonia nitrogen, and mineral properties were identified as the primary factors controlling heavy metal release from tailings. Rainfall primarily caused heavy metal migration in the acid-extraction form from the tailings. The tailing leachate not only introduced heavy metals into the paddy soil but also caused the transformation of the chemical form of heavy metals in the paddy soil, further exacerbating the environmental risk posed by heavy metals. The study findings are significant for environmental conservation in mining areas and implementing environmentally friendly practices in rare earth mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tian
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Mining and Metallurgy, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zuwen Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Mining and Metallurgy, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnical Engineering and Hazards Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Water Engineering Safety and Efficient Utilization of Resources in Poyang Lake Watershed, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China.
| | - Qing Mao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnical Engineering and Hazards Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hongmei Ye
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Mining and Metallurgy, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Changshun Tian
- School of Resources and Architectural Engineering, Gannan University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Yichun Zhu
- School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnical Engineering and Hazards Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Linan Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Mining and Metallurgy, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Zhang S, Luo W, Zhao F, Huang L, Qin R, Yan X, Tang B, Luo X, Mai B, Yu Y, Zheng J. Melanin-mediated accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human hair: Insights from biomonitoring and cell exposure studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134112. [PMID: 38537572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
While human hair is widely used to monitor micro-organic contaminants (MOCs), their incorporation mechanisms are poorly understood. Melanin, known to facilitate the accumulation of drugs in hair, hasn't been studied in the field of MOCs. Here, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of priority MOCs, were investigated through hair biomonitoring as well as cell exposure experiments. PAH concentrations and melanin contents were measured in black and white hairs from the same individual. The results showed that five dominant PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene and chrysene) in black hair (0.66 ng/g - 35.1 ng/g) were significantly higher than those in white hair (0.52 ng/g - 29.6 ng/g). Melanin contents in black hair (14.9 - 48.9 ng/g) were markedly higher than in white hair (0.35 - 2.15 ng/g) and were correlated to PAH concentrations, hinting melanin-mediated accumulation of PAHs in hair. The in vitro experiment using murine melanoma cells demonstrates that PAH levels in cells were affected by melanin, suggesting the affinity of melanin to PAHs. Both biomonitoring and cell exposure experiment implicate the pivotal role of melanin in PAH accumulation in hair. Therefore, to ensure the accuracy of hair biomonitoring for MOCs, attention must be paid to the melanin content uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Weikeng Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China.
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China; School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lulu Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China; School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ruixin Qin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiao Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China.
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Ibrahim MH, Kasim S, Ahmed OH, Mohd Rakib MR, Hasbullah NA, Islam Shajib MT. Impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of Nyalau series soil and its leachate. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3534. [PMID: 38347036 PMCID: PMC10861451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Greenhouse gases can cause acid rain, which in turn degrades soil chemical properties. This research was conducted to determine the effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the chemical properties of Nyalau series (Typic paleudults). A 45-day laboratory leaching and incubation study (control conditions) was conducted following standard procedures include preparing simulated acid rain with specific pH levels, followed by experimental design/plan and systematically analyzing both soil and leachate for chemical changes over the 45-day period. Six treatments five of which were SAR (pH 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5) and one control referred to as natural rainwater (pH 6.0) were evaluated. From the study, the SAR had significant effects on the chemical properties of the soil and its leachate. The pH of 3.5 of SAR treatments decreased soil pH, K+, and fertility index. In contrast, the contents of Mg2+, Na+, SO42-, NO3-, and acidity were higher at the lower SAR pH. Furthermore, K+ and Mg2+ in the leachate significantly increased with increasing acidity of the SAR. The changes in Ca2+ and NH4+ between the soil and its leachate were positively correlated (r = 0.84 and 0.86), whereas the changes in NO3- negatively correlated (r = - 0.82). The novelty of these results lies in the discovery of significant alterations in soil chemistry due to simulated acid rain (SAR), particularly impacting soil fertility and nutrient availability, with notable positive and negative correlations among specific ions where prolonged exposure to acid rain could negatively affect the moderately tolerant to acidic and nutrient-poor soils. Acid rain can negatively affect soil fertility and the general soils ecosystem functions. Long-term field studies are required to consolidate the findings of this present study in order to reveal the sustained impact of SAR on tropical forest ecosystems, particularly concerning soil health, plant tolerance, and potential shifts in biodiversity and ecological balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hilmi Ibrahim
- Agrotechnology Programme, Faculty of Resources Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Susilawati Kasim
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Osumanu Haruna Ahmed
- Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, Kampus Sinaut, Km 33 Jln Tutong Kampong Sinaut, Tutong, TB1741, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Mohd Rashid Mohd Rakib
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 90000, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aainaa Hasbullah
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 90000, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Md Tariqul Islam Shajib
- Division of Soil, Water and Environment, Care to People Denmark, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Liu J, Shi L, Du Y, Luo X, Hu P, Wu L, Luo Y, Christie P. Water-dispersible colloids facilitate the release of potentially toxic elements from contaminated soil under simulated long-term acid rain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168682. [PMID: 37996035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The release behaviors of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) associated with water-dispersible colloids (WDCs) in contaminated soils are of considerable public concern. However, little information is available on the size distribution and elemental composition of WDCs and their effects on the release of PTEs in contaminated soils under long-term acid rain. Here, a quantitative accelerated aging leaching test was conducted to evaluate the long-term release risks of PTEs from four contaminated agricultural soil types exposed to acid rain. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4), scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) and ultrafiltration were used to clarify the size distribution and elemental composition of WDCs containing PTEs. Solution dynamics of successive leaching indicate high release potential for As, Cd, and Pb depending on soil properties under long-term (∼65 years) acid rain. Both ultrafiltration and AF4 analysis show that As in leachate was mainly in the "truly dissolved" fraction, while Pb, Cu, Cd and Fe were predominantly in the colloidal fraction and their percentages increased with increasing extraction time by acid rain. AF4-UV-ICP-MS and STEM-EDS reveal that nanoparticles at 1-7 nm most likely composed of organic matter (OM)-Fe/Al(/Si) oxides composite were the main carriers of Pb, Cu, As and Cd. Lead was also verified in Fe-oxide colloids at 34-450 nm in the first extracts but disappeared in the tenth extracts. This indicates that WDC-bearing PTEs become smaller as leaching proceeds. The study indicates the quantitative description and size-resolved understanding of WDC- and nanoparticle-bound PTEs in leachates of contaminated soils subjected to long-term acid rain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lingfeng Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanpei Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Pengjie Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Longhua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Chen Z, Chen Y, Liang J, Sun Z, Zhao H, Huang Y. The Release and Migration of Cr in the Soil under Alternating Wet-Dry Conditions. TOXICS 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38393235 PMCID: PMC10891877 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, chromium contamination in soil has emerged as a serious environmental issue, demanding an exploration of chromium's behavioral patterns in different soil conditions. This study aims to simulate the release, migration, and environmental impact of chromium (Cr) in contaminated soils under natural rainfall conditions (wet-dry cycles). Clean soils sourced from Panzhihua were used to cultivate chromium-containing soils. Simulated rainfall, prepared in the laboratory, was applied to the cultivated chromium-containing soils in indoor simulated leaching experiments. The experiments simulated three years of rainfall in Panzhihua. The results indicate that soils with higher initial Cr contents result in higher Cr concentrations in the leachate, but all soils exhibit a low cumulative Cr release. The leachate shows similar patterns in total organic carbon (TOC), pH, electrical conductivity, and Cr content changes. An analysis of the speciation of Cr in the soil after leaching reveals a significant decrease in the exchangeable fraction for each Cr species, while the residual and oxidizable Cr fractions exhibit notable increases. The wet-dry cycle has the following effects on the soil: it induces internal reduction reactions in the soil, leading to the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III); it alters the binding of Cr ions to the soil, affecting the migration of chromium; and it involves microorganisms in chemical processes that consume organic matter in the soil. After three years of rainwater leaching, chromium-containing soils released a relatively low cumulative amount of total chromium, resulting in a reduced potential risk of groundwater system contamination. Most of the chromium in the chromium-containing soil is fixed within the soil, leading to less biotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Joint Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (J.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Joint Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (J.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Haoren Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Joint Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (J.L.); (Z.S.)
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Yang H, Long H, Li X, Luo X, Liao Y, Wang C, Cai H, Shu Y. Vegetation restoration improved aggregation stability and aggregated-associated carbon preservation in the karst areas of Guizhou Province, southwest China. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16699. [PMID: 38274326 PMCID: PMC10809982 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The change in the soil carbon bank is closely related to the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the vegetation litter input can change the soil organic carbon content. However, due to various factors, such as soil type, climate, and plant species, the effects of vegetation restoration on the soil vary. Currently, research on aggregate-associated carbon has focused on single vegetation and soil surface layers, and the changes in soil aggregate stability and carbon sequestration under different vegetation restoration modes and in deeper soil layers remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the differences and relationships between stability and the carbon preservation capacity (CPC) under different vegetation restoration modes and to clarify the main influencing factors of aggregate carbon preservation. Methods Grassland (GL), shrubland (SL), woodland (WL), and garden plots (GP) were sampled, and they were compared with farmland (FL) as the control. Soil samples of 0-40 cm were collected. The soil aggregate distribution, aggregate-associated organic carbon concentration, CPC, and stability indicators, including the mean weight diameter (MWD), fractal dimension (D), soil erodibility (K), and geometric mean diameter (GMD), were measured. Results The results showed that at 0-40 cm, vegetation restoration significantly increased the >2 mm aggregate proportions, aggregate stability, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, CPC, and soil erosion resistance. The >2 mm fractions of the GL and SL were at a significantly greater proportion at 0-40 cm than that of the other vegetation types but the CPC was only significantly different between 0 and 10 cm when compared with the other vegetation types (P < 0.05). The >2 mm aggregates showed a significant positive correlation with the CPC, MWD, and GMD (P < 0.01), and there was a significant negative correlation with the D and K (P < 0.05). The SOC and CPC of all the vegetation types were mainly distributed in the 0.25-2 mm and <0.25 mm aggregate fractions. The MWD, GMD, SOC, and CPC all gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. Overall, the effects of vegetation recovery on soil carbon sequestration and soil stability were related to vegetation type, aggregate particle size, and soil depth, and the GL and SL restoration patterns may be more suitable in this study area. Therefore, to improve the soil quality and the sequestration of organic carbon and reduce soil erosion, the protection of vegetation should be strengthened and the policy of returning farmland to forest should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Guizhou University, College of Agronomy, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui Long
- Guizhou University, College of Agronomy, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Guizhou University, College of Agronomy, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiulong Luo
- Guizhou University, College of Agronomy, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanhang Liao
- Guizhou University, College of Agronomy, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Changmin Wang
- Guizhou University, College of Agronomy, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hua Cai
- Guizhou University, College of Agronomy, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingge Shu
- Guizhou University, College of Agronomy, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Ariffin N, Juahir H, Umar R, Makhtar M, Hanapi NHM, Ismail A, Zali MA. Comparison of rainwater quality before and during the MCO using chemometric analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:61089-61105. [PMID: 37052834 PMCID: PMC10097515 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to classify the spatiotemporal analysis of rainwater quality before and during the Movement Control Order (MCO) implementation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Chemometric analysis was carried out on rainwater samples collected from 24-gauge stations throughout Malaysia to determine the samples' chemical content, pH, and conductivity. Other than that, hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were used to classify the quality of rainwater at each location into four clusters, namely good, satisfactory, moderate, and bad clusters. Note that DA was carried out on the predefined clusters. The reduction in acidity levels occurred in 11 stations (46% of overall stations) after the MCO was implemented. Chemical content and ion abundance followed a downward trend, indicating that Cl- and Na+ were the most dominant among the anions and cations. Apart from that, NH4+, Ca2+, NO3-, and SO42- concentrations were evident in areas with significant anthropogenic activity, as there was a difference in the total chemical content in rainwater when compared before and during the MCO. Based on the dataset before the MCO, 75% of gauge stations were in the good cluster, 8.3% in the satisfactory cluster, 12.5% in the moderate cluster, and 4.2% in the bad cluster. Meanwhile, the dataset during the MCO shows that 72.7% of gauge stations were in the good cluster, 9.1% in the satisfactory cluster, 9.1% in the moderate, and 4.5% in the bad cluster. From this study, the chemometric analysis of the year 2020 rainwater chemical composite dataset strongly indicates that reduction of human activities during MCO affected the quality of rainwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiana Ariffin
- East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Department of Mathematics, Science and Computer, Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, Km 08, Jalan Paka, 23000, Kuala Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Hafizan Juahir
- East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Roslan Umar
- Department of Mathematics, Science and Computer, Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, Km 08, Jalan Paka, 23000, Kuala Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mokhairi Makhtar
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hanis Mohamad Hanapi
- East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azimah Ismail
- East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Abdul Zali
- Nuclear Agency Malaysia, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Jalan Sultan, 46661, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ma Y, Li C, Yan J, Yu H, Kan H, Yu W, Zhou X, Meng Q, Dong P. The release analysis of As and Cr metals in lead-zinc smelting slag: Mineralogical analysis, bioavailability and leachability analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115751. [PMID: 36966997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mining and smelting are the main sources of soil heavy metal pollution. Leaching and release of heavy metals in soils has been extensively studied. However, there are few researches on the release behavior of heavy metals from the Angle of mineralogy of smelting slag. This study focuses on the pollution of arsenic and chromium by traditional pyrometallurgical lead-zinc smelting slag in southwest China. Based on the mineralogy of smelting slag, the release behavior of heavy metals in smelting slag was studied. As and Cr deposit minerals were identified by MLA analysis, and the weathering degree and bioavailability of As and Cr deposit minerals were analyzed. The results showed that the weathering degree of slag was positively correlated with the bioavailability of heavy metals. The leaching experiment results showed that the higher pH was beneficial to the release of As and Cr. It was found that the chemical forms of As and Cr changed from relatively stable forms to easily released forms (As5+ to As3+ and Cr3+ to Cr6+) by characterizing the metallurgical slag during leaching. In the transformation process, the S in the pyrite as the enclosing layer is eventually oxidized to SO42-, which will accelerate the dissolution of the enclosing mineral. SO42- will occupy the adsorption site of As on the mineral surface, thus reducing the adsorption amount of As on the mineral surface. Fe is finally oxidized to Fe2O3, and the increase of Fe2O3 content in the waste residue will produce strong adsorption effect on Cr6+ and slow down the release of Cr6+. The results show that the release of As and Cr is controlled by the pyrite coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqiang Ma
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - ChenChen Li
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Hanjing Yu
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Huiying Kan
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Wanquan Yu
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
| | - Peng Dong
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
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9
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Xu Y, Bi R, Li Y. Effects of anthropogenic and natural environmental factors on the spatial distribution of trace elements in agricultural soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114436. [PMID: 36525951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of trace elements in agricultural soils directly affect the ecological security and quality of agricultural products. A comprehensive study aimed at quantitatively analyze the effects of anthropogenic and natural environmental factors on the spatial distribution of heavy metals (HMs) and selenium (Se) in agricultural soils in a typical grain producing area of China. Factors considered in this study were parent rock, soil physicochemical properties, topography, precipitation, mine activity, and vegetation. Results showed that the median values of Zn, Cd, Cr, and Cu of 111 topsoil samples exceeded the background values of Guangxi province but were lower than the relevant national soil quality standards, and 85% of soil samples were classified as having rich Se levels (0.40 -3.0 mg kg-1). The potential ecological risk index of soil heavy metals as a whole was low, with Cd in 9% of the samples posing moderate ecological risk. The concentrations of heavy metals and Se were relatively high in soils from shale rock. Soil properties, mainly Fe2O3 and Mn played a dominant role on soil HMs and Se concentrations. Based on GeoDetector, we found that the interaction effects of two factors on the spatial differentiation of soil HMs and Se were greater than their sum effect. Among the factors, Mn enhanced the explanatory power of the model the most when interacting with other factors for soil Zn; the greatest interactive effect was between distance from mining area and Mn for Cd (q = 0.70); Fe2O3 significantly promoted the spatial differentiation of soil Cr, Cu and Se when interacting with other factors (q > 0.50). These findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors that drive the distribution of HMs and Se in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Rutian Bi
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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10
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Long J, Tan D, Zhou Y, Zhou D, Luo Y, Bin D, Wang Z, Wang J, Lei M. The leaching of antimony and arsenic by simulated acid rain in three soil types from the world's largest antimony mine area. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4253-4268. [PMID: 34982347 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A simulated acid rain (SAR) experiment on leaching of antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) in three soil types including paddy soils (PS), vegetable soils (VS) and slag based soils (SS) from Xikuangshan (XKS) Sb mine area was conducted. The SAR at pH 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.6 were sprayed to soil columns with intermittent pattern in a period of 50 days. Through the spraying duration, leaching Sb in PS, VS and SS showed decreasing trends regardless of pH values in SAR and were in the ranges of 0.026-0.064 mg L-1, 0.19-2.18 mg L-1 and 11.8-32.4 mg L-1, respectively. By contrast, leaching As in these three soil types continuously increased at the initial five spraying times and then deeply decreased afterward, with ranges being 0-0.007 mg L-1, 0.001-0.071 mg L-1 and 0.17-1.07 mg L-1, respectively. The leaching Sb in all the three soil types were extremely higher than the reference value in grade IV (0.01 mg L-1) for groundwater quality of China (GB/T 14,848-2017). For leaching As, peck values in VS and all the values in SS were also greater than the corresponding reference value (0.05 mg L-1). This indicated that leaching Sb and As could pollute the groundwater in XKS Sb mine area, especially those in slag based soils. The total leaching losses of Sb and As were affected by pH ambiguously, such as SAR at pH 2.5, 5.6 and 2.5 induced the greatest losses of Sb in PS, VS and SS, and pH 3.5, 5.6 and 2.5 resulted in the greatest leaching losses of As in these soils. After SAR treatment, the specific sorbed and Fe/Mn oxide-associated Sb and As significantly decreased. It demonstrated that these two fractions of both Sb and As were involved in leaching losses. The present study also found that the SAR treatment resulted in soil acidification in all the three soil types. In addition, available N, P and K in all the SAR treatments decreased regardless of pH values, except for available N and P in PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiumei Long
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Tan
- Changde Ecological Environment Bureau, Changde, 415000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Safe and High-Efficient Utilization of Heavy Metal Pollution Farmland, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlai Luo
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Bin
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang, 421008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Safe and High-Efficient Utilization of Heavy Metal Pollution Farmland, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Prakash J, Agrawal SB, Agrawal M. Global Trends of Acidity in Rainfall and Its Impact on Plants and Soil. JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 2022; 23:398-419. [PMID: 36415481 PMCID: PMC9672585 DOI: 10.1007/s42729-022-01051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to its deleterious and large-scale effects on the ecosystem and long-range transboundary nature, acid rain has attracted the attention of scientists and policymakers. Acid rain (AR) is a prominent environmental issue that has emerged in the last hundred years. AR refers to any form of precipitation leading to a reduction in pH to less than 5.6. The prime reasons for AR formation encompass the occurrence of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), and organic acids in air produced by natural as well as anthropogenic activities. India, the top SO2 emitter, also shows a continuous increase in NO2 level responsible for AR formation. The plants being immobile unavoidably get exposed to AR which impacts the natural surrounding negatively. Plants get affected directly by AR due to reductions in growth, productivity, and yield by damaging photosynthetic mechanisms and reproductive organs or indirectly by affecting underground components such as soil and root system. Genes that play important role in plant defense under abiotic stress gets also modulated in response to acid rain. AR induces soil acidification, and disturbs the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, litter properties, and microbial and enzymatic activities. This article overviews the factors contributing to AR, and outlines the past and present trends of rainwater pH across the world, and its effects on plants and soil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigyasa Prakash
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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12
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Liu Q, Luo J, Tang J, Chen Z, Chen Z, Lin Q. Remediation of cadmium and lead contaminated soils using Fe-OM based materials. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135853. [PMID: 35948099 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide-lignin composites (GLS) were prepared based on the significant role of Fe-OM in the environmental behaviour of heavy metals and lignin binding with iron oxide preferentially in soil. GLS was applied in Cd/Pb immobilization and the stability under acid rain was investigated. The results show that the iron oxide appeared weakly crystalline or amorphous similar to 2-line ferrihydrite after the addition of lignin. Agglomerates of nanoparticles with higher adsorption capacity were observed for GLS. The mobility factor (MF) of Cd/Pb in the soil decreased rapidly after adding GLS. At the 3% dosage, the MF of Cd and Pb in the soil was decreased by 58.94% and 78.15% respectively, which was approximately 5 times that of goethite (GE). The mobile and exchangeable Cd/Pb were converted to organic, amorphous Fe oxide-bound and residue fractions. Under acid rain conditions, MF continues to decline for the GLS group, increasing the organic and amorphous Fe oxide-bound fractions, while for control group (CK) and GE, the trend was the opposite. Lignin could inhibit iron oxide dissolution and stabilize the combination of Cd/Pb and iron oxides in soil. The better stability performance of GLS for Cd/Pb may be related to the higher adsorption capacity and microstructural difference after iron oxide combined with lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jiayi Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiepeng Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Restoration in Farmland Soil, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qintie Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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13
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Li F, Yu T, Huang Z, Jiang T, Wang L, Hou Q, Tang Q, Liu J, Yang Z. Leaching experiments and risk assessment to explore the migration and risk of potentially toxic elements in soil from black shale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156922. [PMID: 35803429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black shale is rich in potentially toxic elements (PTEs) that migrate through rock weathering or rainfall, adversely affecting human health and the environment. In this study, simulated rainfall leaching experiments were used to investigate the migration patterns and leaching kinetics of PTEs in black shale from the Lower Cambrian Hetang Formation and to analyze the water quality index (WQI) of PTEs in the leachate. A comparison between the risk of PTEs in the leachate and those in the soil was also made to determine the risk sources, risk status, and distribution characteristics of PTEs in the study area. The WQI of the indoor column experimental leachate indicated the highest As contamination. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk (Er) of soils in the entire region revealed that the risk of Cd was the highest. Furthermore, by mapping the distribution of Igeo and Er in soils, the risk level in the region where black shale is located was found to be significantly higher than that in other areas. Comparing the leaching rate of PTEs with the WQI from leaching experiments, the risk associated with As in soil can be inferred to originate mainly from the leaching of black shale. Previous studies on PTEs in black shale in the study area tended to focus on Cd; however, this study found that the risk of As was not negligible. The health risk assessment also showed that the risk at the location of black shale was beyond the accepted range. Overall, this study provided a new and important evaluation law for the level of pollution by PTEs and health risks in typical black shale regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Li
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecogeochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, PR China.
| | - Zhenzhong Huang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qingye Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ecogeochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qifeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecogeochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, PR China; National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Jiuchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecogeochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, PR China; National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Zhongfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecogeochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
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14
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Zuo R, Shi J, Han K, Xu D, Li Q, Zhao X, Xue Z, Xu Y, Wu Z, Wang J. Response relationship of environmental factors caused by toluene concentration during leaching of capillary zone. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115366. [PMID: 35636110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the leaching of capillary water, the petroleum pollutants initially trapped in vadose zone may migrate to lower aquifer, thus increasing the risk of groundwater pollution. In order to explore the effect of capillary leaching on toluene-contaminated soil and the relationship between toluene concentration (TC) and environmental factors (EFs) during the leaching process, the sterilized and non-sterilized soil column experiments were designed. The EFs were used to estimate TC. The results showed that the difference between leaching and volatilization rates directly determined the changing trend of toluene concentration in capillary water. The toluene concentration in the medium always showed decreasing trend due to leaching. The indigenous microbial community structure of the non-sterilized soil column was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. It was found that indigenous microorganisms could degrade toluene after 33.0 days of acclimatation. The microbial population was dominated by bacteria, among them the Ellin6055 strain and Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Cupriavidus, Bdellovibrio, Sphingobium, Phenylobacterium, Ramlibacter, Bradyrhizobium, Shinella genera. The Pseudomonas was the most crucial bacterial genus that degraded toluene. Indigenous microbial degradation was the fundamental reason for strong response relationship. Furthermore, we suggested a relationship of function between environmental factors (pH, DO, ORP) and time (t) for toluene attenuation: C0+ln(eAtαBγCβ)=CToluene, (α, β, γ represent the pH, DO, and ORP in leaching capillary water, respectively; A, B, and C represent undetermined coefficients), and the fitting coefficient R2 > 0.950. This relationship can only characterize the attenuation process of capillary zone leaching on toluene. However, it may still be utilized to give a theoretical foundation for understanding the dynamic of pollutant concentration change processes under specific environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zuo
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jian Shi
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kexue Han
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Donghui Xu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhenkun Xue
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunxiang Xu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
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15
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Han Y, Wang H, Zhang G, Zhang S, Liu X, Liu L. Distribution, ecological risk assessment and source identification of pollutants in soils of different land-use types in degraded wetlands. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12885. [PMID: 35223203 PMCID: PMC8877397 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urbanization and global warming are generating ecological degradation and land pattern alteration problems in natural wetlands. These changes are greatly affecting the ecological services of wetlands. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the relationship between pollutants and land-use type for wetland restoration purposes. Zaozhadian Lake is a freshwater wetland in the North China Plain, which is facing degradation and land-use types changes. An experiment for analyzing soil pollutants was conducted in three land-use types of farmland, lake, and ditch in the Zaozhadian Lake. The aims of this study were to identify the distribution, pollution degree, and sources of pollutants in different land-use types, and to explore the influence of land-use type changes on contamination. METHODS In this study, surface sediments (0-10 cm) of three land types (farmland, lake, and ditch) in Zaozhadian Lake were collected, and heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg), As, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter (OM) were determined. Kriging interpolation was used to visualize the pollutants distribution. The pollution degree of TN and TP was evaluated by the Nemerow pollution index. The pollution of heavy metals and As was evaluated by the geological accumulation index (Igeo ) and the potential ecological risk index (RI). Then, dual hierarchical clustering analysis and the principal component analysis were performed to further analyze the impact of land type changes on pollutants. RESULTS The heavy metal contents in the farmland were higher than other areas, while the TN (3.71 ± 1.03 g kg-1) and OM (57.17 ± 15.16 g kg-1) in lake sediments were higher than that in other regions. Farmland, lake, and ditches had low ecological risks, with RI values of 84.21, 71.34, and 50.78, respectively. The primary heavy metal pollutants are Pb, Cu, and Ni. Furthermore, Cu, As, Ni, Pb, and Zn were primarily derived from agriculture pollution, the source of Cd was the industrial pollution, and Cr mainly originated from natural sources. Nutrients primarily came from the decomposition of aquatic animals, plants, and human-related activities. When the lake area was converted into farmland, the heavy metal concentrations in the soils increased and the TN and OM decreased. Based on the results, this study put forward key strategies including the adjustment of the land-use type and restriction of the entry of pollutants into the wetland ecosystems in the Zaozhadian Lake. More attention should be paid to the impact of land-use type change on pollutants in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Han
- School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengqi Zhang
- School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xingchun Liu
- School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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16
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Huang J, Wu Y, Li Y, Sun J, Xie Y, Fan Z. Do trace metal(loid)s in road soils pose health risks to tourists? A case of a highly-visited national park in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 111:61-74. [PMID: 34949374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, more people tend to spend their recreational time in large national parks, and trace metal(loid)s in soils have attracted long-term attention due to their possible harm to human health. To investigate the pollution levels, potential sources and health risks of trace metal(loid)s in road soils, a total of eight trace metal(loid)s (including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg) from 47 soil samples along roads were studied in the Huangshan National Park in Southeast China. The results showed that the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg appeared different degrees of pollution compared with their corresponding background values. According to the pollution indices, Hg and Cd were recognized as significant pollutants presenting moderate to high ecological risk. Combining principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model, the results showed that traffic, industrial, agricultural and natural sources were the potential origins of trace metal(loid)s in this area, with contribution rates of 39.93%, 25.92%, 10.53% and 23.62%, respectively. Non-carcinogenic risks were all negligible, while the carcinogenic risk of As was higher than the limit (1 × 10-6). Moreover, children were more susceptible to trace metal(loid)s by ingestion which appeared to be a more important exposure pathway than dermal contact and inhalation. The contribution rates of different sources to non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks were similar among children and adults, while traffic and industrial sources have a significant impact on health risks. This study will give more insights to control the environmental risks of trace metal(loid)s in national parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaxun Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yujing Xie
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengqiu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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17
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Seidl M, Le Roux J, Mazerolles R, Bousserrhine N. Assessment of leaching risk of trace metals, PAHs and PCBs from a brownfield located in a flooding zone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3600-3615. [PMID: 34389963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An old industrial site (brownfield) located south of Paris in a flooding plain and containing demolition disposal as well as a burning zone for metal recovery is being regenerated to satisfy local need for public green space. The main objective of the described study was therefore to assess the risk of remobilisation of trace metals, PAH and PCB present. The research focused on vertical migration due to rainfall (non-saturated flow) and to river flooding (saturated flow). To assess the remobilisation risk, representative soil profiles were reconstituted and eluted in columns with artificial rain and filtered river water for 6 weeks with an equivalent of 25 mm d-1. Soil analysis showed that both zones are highly contaminated, exceeding the French environmental standards. Though the superficial metal content was much higher in the burning zone with levels of g kg-1 than that in the demolition zone, most metals showed higher levels in the eluents of the latter. The level of dissolved Zn in the burning zone eluent was 30 μg L-1, while in the demolition zone, it was 300 μg L-1, 40 times the admissible level. Zn was thereby correlated to aromaticity parameter HIX, indicating a link with organic matter transformation. The Cu was only significantly released under saturated condition (up to 80 μg L-1) in the demolition soil, indicating as implicated mechanism manganese and iron oxide reduction rather than organic matter transformation. Despite the high PAH and PCB soil contents, these pollutants were not released. The total PAH content in the effluent was 30 ng L-1 in average and did not significantly differ between the two zones and the types of hydrology. Only Zn and Cu issued from demolition zone presented an eco-toxicological risk. Crossed statistical analysis of the results showed that the role of the soil type is preponderant in the pollutant release and that temporary flooding condition would induce a lower impact on the groundwater quality than an equivalent amount of fallen rain. Though the burning site was far more contaminated in the upper soil than the demolition zone, it presented little risk compared to the demolition zone, more profound and more permeable. The latter showed therefore significative trace metal release, up to 2.1 kg ha-1 year-1 for zinc, doubling the local atmospheric deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Seidl
- LEESU ENPC, Université Paris-Est, 6-8 avenue Blaise Pascal, 77455, cedex 2, Marne la Vallée, France.
| | - Julien Le Roux
- LEESU UPEC, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Rémi Mazerolles
- LEESU ENPC, Université Paris-Est, 6-8 avenue Blaise Pascal, 77455, cedex 2, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Noureddine Bousserrhine
- LEESU UPEC, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
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18
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Qiao DW, Yao J, Song LJ, Yang JY. Migration of leather tannins and chromium in soils under the effect of simulated rain. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131413. [PMID: 34323793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) and tannin are two major pollutants in leather industry. However, little is known about the co-migration of leather tannins and Cr in soils. In this study, column experiments were conducted to estimate Cr leaching behavior from topsoil and the environmental risk of the leachate at various tannin dosages and different ways (tannin either directly adding to the Cr-contaminated soil or adding stepwise through simulated rain) into the soil. The total Cr concentration in leachate was positively related with tannin content in soil, while Cr (Ⅵ) concentration was negatively correlated. The maximum cumulative leaching efficiency of total Cr from soil after six leaching events was 44.65% with 3 mg/g tannin adding into soil directly, and the maximum cumulative leaching efficiency of Cr (Ⅵ) was 38.75% with simulated rain leaching Cr-contaminated soil. With 3 mg/g tannin adding into soil, tannin concentration in the top layer (0-7 cm) lost by 32.67% after leaching, the amount of decomposed tannin was 0.25 mg/g, excluding the amount of tannin in leachate (3.63 mg/L) and the original amount in the soil (0.34 mg/g), indicating a slow degradation under natural condition. Both of the total Cr and Cr (Ⅵ) concentration in each layer of the soil columns decreased under tannin treatments compared with control. Compared with tannin adding stepwise into simulated rain, adding tannin into soil significantly (p < 0.05) affected the migration of Cr. Tannin increased the residual fraction while decreased the exchangeable fraction of Cr in the soils. Overall, this research can provide reference information for environmental risk assessment of contaminants in tanning sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wen Qiao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jian Yao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li-Jie Song
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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19
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Li W, Wu Y, Li C, Zhu L. Effect of (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal on Side‐Chain Modification, Conformation Change, and Aggregation of Bovine Serum Albumin. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- College of Life Science Anqing Normal University Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
- School of Food Engineering Anhui Science and Technology University Chuzhou Anhui 233100 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology Conservation of Southwest Anhui Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Life Science Anqing Normal University Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology Conservation of Southwest Anhui Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
| | - Conghu Li
- College of Life Science Anqing Normal University Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology Conservation of Southwest Anhui Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- College of Life Science Anqing Normal University Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology Conservation of Southwest Anhui Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
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20
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Zha F, Liu C, Kang B, Yang X, Zhou Y, Yang C. Acid rain leaching behavior of Zn-contaminated soils solidified/stabilized using cement-soda residue. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130916. [PMID: 34029961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cement-soda residue (CSR) has been proven to be an effective binder for treating heavy metal-contaminated soils, and the durability is its most important characteristic. In this study, the effects of acid rain (AR) on the leaching behavior of CSR-solidified/stabilized, zinc-contaminated soils were investigated using flexible-wall soil column leaching tests. After leaching, some parameters were determined such as the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and permeability coefficient of the samples, the concentrations of Zn2+ and Ca2+ in the filtrate. The test results showed that after AR leaching, the UCS of the solidified soil samples decreased and the permeability coefficient increased, while the zinc concentration in the filtrate always met the third grade of the applicable standard, the Chinese National Environmental Quality Standards (<1 mg⋅L-1). To reveal the binding mechanism, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion testing (MIP) were used to observe the microscopic characteristics of the soil samples. At the micro scale, the MIP and SEM results confirmed that the hydration products in the soil samples-hydrated calcium silicate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium zincate hydrate-partially dissolved during AR leaching, resulting in the loss of their internal structure. Consequently, the high alkalinity of the soda residue contributed to H+ neutralization in the AR leaching agent, indicating that soda residue can not only solidify heavy metal zinc ions effectively but can also buffer the erosive effect of AR on soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Zha
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Congmin Liu
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Bo Kang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Xiuhong Yang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Anhui Urban Construction Engineering Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230002, China
| | - Chengbin Yang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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21
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Yang Z, Li X, Wang Y, Chang J, Liu X. Trace element contamination in urban topsoil in China during 2000-2009 and 2010-2019: Pollution assessment and spatiotemporal analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143647. [PMID: 33280869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese government has launched a critical battle against soil pollution in recent years to establish an effective pollution prevention and control framework. This study sought to investigate the long-term pollution status of potentially toxic trace elements in urban topsoil nationwide, and to further investigate the effectiveness of pollution control over the past decade. The concentrations of 8 elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in urban topsoil in China between 2000-2009 and 2010-2019 were separately collected for comparative analysis. Individual and comprehensive pollution levels of the elements were evaluated at the city, provincial, regional, and national scales, and further spatially mapped using GIS. Combined with PCA, the main factors influencing these elements in soil nationwide were identified. The results revealed a severe situation in terms of potentially toxic trace element accumulation in urban topsoil, where the NNIPIs surpassed 3 in both periods. The elements As, Cd, and Hg were closely associated with industrial activity and coal burning. Hg and, in particular, Cd pollution (NPI > 3) were found to be severe in most of the cities studied. For the elements As, Cu, Pb, and Zn, pollution ranged from slight to moderate (1.0 < NPI ≤ 3.0), and Cu, Pb, and Zn were related to a significant degree with vehicle use. Soil Cr and Ni were mainly controlled by parent materials of lithogenic origin, and slight pollution was identified (1.0 < NPI ≤ 2.0). Pollution patterns showed different characteristics across the regions, and those of the same region and the nation hardly changed over time. Mercury pollution was dominant in the northern regions (NW, MYeR, NE, and NC), while Cd pollution was more severe for the south (EC, MYaR, SC, and SW). Notably, the country's comprehensive pollution level was stable across the two periods, with momentum towards improvement observed over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China; National Joint Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Environmental Geological Hazards in the TGR Area Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Xuyong Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China; National Joint Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Environmental Geological Hazards in the TGR Area Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China; National Joint Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Environmental Geological Hazards in the TGR Area Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jiazhuo Chang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China; National Joint Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Environmental Geological Hazards in the TGR Area Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China; National Joint Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Environmental Geological Hazards in the TGR Area Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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22
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Jiale C, Chao Z, Jinzhao R, Chunhua Z, Ying G. Cadmium Bioavailability and Accumulation in Rice Grain are Controlled by pH and Ca in Paddy Soils with High Geological Background of Transportation and Deposition. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:92-98. [PMID: 33392688 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) threatens rice quality and human health, yet this risk remains uncertain in paddy fields with high geological background of transportation and deposition. In this study, we collected 31 pairs of soil and rice grain samples in Doumen and Xinhui Districts in Guangdong province, China and investigated which factors controlled Cd bioavailability in soil and accumulation in rice. Soil samples were mostly acidic and contained a range of organic matter. Total Cd in soil varied from 0.10 to 1.03 mg kg- 1 and was positively correlated with those of calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe), suggesting that these elements shared same sources and Cd was most likely originated from parent material. The activity ratio (AR, CaCl2-extractable Cd/soil Cd) and bioconcentration factor (BCF, rice grain Cd/soil Cd) of Cd were negatively correlated with soil pH. The coupling relationship between soil and rice grain Cd could be described by a linear model, which was used to predict soil Cd threshold values to keep rice grain Cd concentration from exceeding the Chinese limit (0.2 mg kg- 1). In summary, Cd pollution was not very severe in the paddy soils of studied area but the risk could not be neglected when soil was acidified, which could increase Cd bioavailability and accumulation in rice grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiale
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zheng Chao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruan Jinzhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhang Chunhua
- Demonstration Laboratory of Element and Life Science Research, Laboratory Centre of Life Science, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ge Ying
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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23
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Wu W, Qu S, Nel W, Ji J. The impact of natural weathering and mining on heavy metal accumulation in the karst areas of the Pearl River Basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139480. [PMID: 32464386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the heavy metal content in river water, sediment and bedrock in the karst area of the Pearl River Basin in China to evaluate the long-term impact of natural weathering and mining on the ecological environment. The results show that Cd and As is 2-3 times more enriched within the carbonate bedrock of the Pearl River Basin compared to the upper continental crust (UCC), which is indicative of high geological background values. Within the river water of the upper reaches of the Diaojiang River (a tributary of the Pearl River), which flows through the Dachang super-large orefield, Zn, As, Cd and Sb exceeds the environmental quality standards for surface water (WQS) by more than an order of magnitude. Among these, Zn and Cd sharply decreases to within the WQS in the lower reaches of the river, but the content of As and Sb in the estuary is still several times higher than the WQS. Cd in the sediments of the small carbonate watersheds and in the mainstream of the Pearl River only present a low-moderate ecological risk. In contrast, severe heavy metal pollution of the sediments of the Diaojiang River Basin is observed. Even in the lower reaches, remote from the mining area, the content of Pb, Zn, As and Cd in the sediments is still two orders of magnitude higher than the soil background values. The content of both Cd and As presents a very high ecological risk, indicating that under the cumulative effect of high geological background values and mining, full restoration of the ecological environment in the Diaojiang River Basin is a complex and long-term process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Shuyi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Werner Nel
- Dept. of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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24
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The Complex Issue of Urban Trees—Stress Factor Accumulation and Ecological Service Possibilities. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11090932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review paper is the first that summarizes many aspects of the ecological role of trees in urban landscapes while considering their growth conditions. Research Highlights are: (i) Plant growth conditions in cities are worsening due to high urbanization rates and new stress factors; (ii) Urban trees are capable of alleviating the stress factors they are exposed to; (iii) The size and vitality of trees is related to the ecological services they can provide. Our review shows, in a clear way, that the phenomenon of human-related environmental degradation, which generates urban tree stress, can be effectively alleviated by the presence of trees. The first section reviews concerns related to urban environment degradation and its influence on trees. Intense urbanization affects the environment of plants, raising the mortality rate of urban trees. The second part deals with the dieback of city trees, its causes and scale. The average life expectancy of urban trees is relatively low and depends on factors such as the specific location, proper care and community involvement, among others. The third part concerns the ecological and economic advantages of trees in the city structure. Trees affect citizen safety and health, but also improve the soil and air environment. Finally, we present the drawbacks of tree planting and discuss if they are caused by the tree itself or rather by improper tree management. We collect the latest reports on the complicated state of urban trees, presenting new insights on the complex issue of trees situated in cities, struggling with stress factors. These stressors have evolved over the decades and emphasize the importance of tree presence in the city structure.
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25
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Zang F, Wang S, Nan Z, Zhao C. Geochemistry of potentially hazardous elements in loess-amended mining sediment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126516. [PMID: 32217408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated mining sediment may cause environmental and human health risk due to potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) leaching into groundwater, especially under very acid (pH ≤ 3) conditions. The capability of Chinese loess to immobilise and retain copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from element contaminated mining sediment was explored by a column leaching experiment. Results showed that loess could effectively reduce Cu geomobility, and their leachate concentrations were lower than the quality standard (1.0 mg L-1) for ground water in China. The sierozem showed strong adsorption for Zn, Cd and Pb. The geomobility of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were affected by pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter and carbonate content of sediment/loess-amended sediment and sierozem. The long-term leaching of PHEs in loess-amended sediment may pose a potential risk to sierozem and groundwater in the region. This study highlights the need to develop a remediation technique to minimise the concentration level of hazardous elements in the mining sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province and Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province and Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhongren Nan
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province and Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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26
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Zhang X, Li B, Deng J, Qin B, Wells M, Tefsen B. Regional-scale investigation of dissolved organic matter and lead binding in a large impacted lake with a focus on environmental risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115478. [PMID: 32000128 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment (ERA) increasingly relies on speciation modeling of bioavailability. Heavy metals are the most prevalent pollutants globally, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals. Due to the variation of DOM properties in natural aquatic systems, improvements to the standard one-size-fits-all approach to modeling metal-DOM interactions are needed for ERA. In this study, we investigate variations in DOM and lead (Pb)-DOM binding in Lake Tai (Taihu), a large, impacted lake in eastern China that is characterized by a complex drainage network and is an important water resource at a regional level, and we assess implications of our findings within the context of ERA needs. In our study, DOM in water samples collected from across the 2,400 km2 area of Taihu was characterized using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy spectra, the latter being used to calculate conditional stability constants for metal binding. Parallel factor analysis and peak picking were used to assess contributions of protein- and humic-like components of DOM, and fluorescence indices indicative of diagenetic processes were calculated. These quantities calculated from spectroscopic studies, in addition to water quality parameters, were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results show that different DOM components are highly variable across different regions of Taihu, and bivariate and multivariate analyses confirm that water quality and DOM characterization parameters are strongly interrelated. This reflects the different inputs, diagenetic and transport processes across the large expanse of Taihu. We find that the conditional stability constant of Pb-DOM binding is strongly affected by the water chemical properties and composition of DOM, though the conditional stability constant is not itself a parameter that differentiates lake water properties in different regions of the lake. The variability of DOM composition and Pb-DOM binding strength across Taihu is consistent with prior findings that a one-size-fits-all approach to metal-DOM binding may lead to inaccuracies in commonly used speciation models, and therefore such generalized approaches need improvement for regional-level ERA in complex watersheds. The approach taken here to obtain site-specific metal-DOM conditional stability constants for use in increasing the accuracy of speciation modeling is fit-for-purpose for ERA applications at regional levels because the approach is relatively simple, inexpensive, and amenable to high throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Boling Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Jianming Deng
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mona Wells
- Freshwater Ecology Group, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand; Environmental Sciences, Ronin Institute, 127 Haddon Place, Montclair, NJ, 07043, United States.
| | - Boris Tefsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
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27
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Li Y, Lin M, Ni Z, Yuan Z, Liu W, Ruan J, Tang Y, Qiu R. Ecological influences of the migration of micro resin particles from crushed waste printed circuit boards on the dumping soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121020. [PMID: 31874765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
About 0.8 million tons of resin particles, which were generated from the recovery of waste printed circuit boards, were dumped on soil at Qingyuan city of China. Resin particles not only belong to micro plastic but also contain brominated flame retardants and heavy metals. There is little information about soil pollution caused by the dumped resin particles. This study found resin particles would transfer from soil surface into soil at least 10 mm downward for six months. Average content of bromine in soil within 10 cm exceeded 2500 mg/kg. The highest content of Pb, Zn, and Cu was 3450, 1143 and 1450 mg/kg, which were approximately 6.9, 2.3 and 3.6 times as much as Grade Ⅲ soil standard of China. Micro plastic, brominated flame retardants, and heavy metals made significant effects on soil bacterial community. Bacterial diversity was destroyed and the number of resistant bacteria increased obviously such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Paracoccus. This paper presented the ecological destroy of soil when the resin particles were deposited on soil surface. It also suggested the government to urgently manage the resin particles produced in the recovery of waste printed circuit boards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuobiao Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jujun Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yetao Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhang X, Zhang K, Lv W, Liu B, Aikawa M, Wang J. Characteristics and risk assessments of heavy metals in fine and coarse particles in an industrial area of central China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:1-8. [PMID: 31022650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the pollution level and chemical form transformation characteristics of heavy metals, atmospheric fine particles and coarse particles were collected in an urban industrial area of Zhuzhou City in central China during winter and summer. The results indicated that PM2.5 and PM10 all showed similar time variation, with the highest concentration in winter (112.1 μg/m3, 210.3 μg/m3) and the lowest concentration in summer (44.4 μg/m3, 81.0 μg/m3), respectively. As for heavy metals carried by atmospheric particles, only Cu had similar time variation with particle concentration and was mainly in oxidisable fraction. Zn, Pb and Cd were chiefly distributed in acid-extractable fraction, and Zhuzhou City was extremely polluted by these three heavy metals which mainly came from Qingshui Pond Industrial Area. Moreover, risk assessment results indicated that this area had high ecological risks on the environment and potential non-carcinogenic health effects and low carcinogenic risk to human health, especially for children. In addition, leaching test of atmospheric particles showed that the releasing of heavy metals in simulated acid rain primarily came from acid-extractable fraction, especially in winter, and the chemical form transformation followed a pattern of from stable state to unstable state after dissolving by acid rain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Co-Innovation Center for Green Building of Shandong Province, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China; Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Wenli Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Co-Innovation Center for Green Building of Shandong Province, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China; Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Masahide Aikawa
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Jinhe Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Co-Innovation Center for Green Building of Shandong Province, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Zhai H, Xue M, Du Z, Wang D, Zhou F, Feng P, Liang DL. Leaching behaviors and chemical fraction distribution of exogenous selenium in three agricultural soils through simulated rainfall. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:393-400. [PMID: 30797097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the leaching risk of selenium (Se) in agricultural soils, a laboratory column experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of leaching and chemical fractions of Se in three different soils treated with different levels of exogenous selenate under simulated local rainfall. Results demonstrated that the Se concentration in leachates of all tested soils decreased rapidly at the beginning of leaching and slowly decreased thereafter. After leaching, Se concentrations in leachates of all tested soils at 1, 3, and 6 mg/kg exogenous Se concentrations were 0.06-0.24, 0.25-0.84, and 0.60-1.65 mg/L, respectively, which exceeded the standard limit of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standards for Groundwater (<0.01 mg/L) (GB/T 14848-2017). The cumulative leached Se amount accounted for 51.27-86.22% of the total Se. Those results indicated the high risk of Se leaching in the tested soils. The Elovich model could better describe Se leaching processes in krasnozem, while the leaching processes of Se in black soil and loess soil accorded with the power function model. Se mainly existed in soluble fraction (61.33-81.05%) before leaching and residual fraction (48.91-68.04%) after leaching. The soluble and exchangeable Se fractions were the main contributors of Se in leachates. In addition, the parameters of the Uts and IR values could well describe the distribution of Se fractions in soil during leaching. In general, more attention should be placed on the assessment of Se leaching in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingyue Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zekun Du
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Puyang Feng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dong-Li Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Lemos AT, Rocha JAV, Vargas VMF. Soil mutagenicity - Effects of acidification and organic pollutants in urban/industrial areas. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:666-674. [PMID: 29960195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze (i) the effect of different acid extractions, simulating changes in the background pH of rain on the availability of soil mutagenic compounds, (ii) the presence of organic compounds in soil and (iii) evaluation of the effects of soil sieving on the samples mutagenicity. Surface soil samples were collected at urban and industrial areas and assessed as total grain size composition (Total Soil) and in sieved fraction <0.5 mm (Soil <0.5 mm), through acid extracts with pH simulating those found in local rainfall. Metals were quantified in extracts and soils in natura. Organic extracts were analyzed for PAH content. Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay (TA98 strain) was used, in the presence/absence of exogenous metabolism. Nitro-sensitive strains YG1021 and YG1024 were used in the organic extracts. Results showed different mutagenic responses in total soils and in soil <0.5 mm. Soil extraction at pH 3.6 presented higher toxicity, greater variety and concentration of metals. Extraction at pH 5.3 improved mutagenic detection. Thus, local rainfall may be an environmental contamination route, with additional risk of releasing toxic substances during acid precipitation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Torres Lemos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pesquisas Ambientais, Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luís Roessler (FEPAM), Avenida Salvador França, 1707 CEP, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jocelita Aparecida Vaz Rocha
- Programa de Pesquisas Ambientais, Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luís Roessler (FEPAM), Avenida Salvador França, 1707 CEP, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vera Maria Ferrão Vargas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pesquisas Ambientais, Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luís Roessler (FEPAM), Avenida Salvador França, 1707 CEP, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Guo J, Cao Y, Luo Z, Fang H, Chen Z, Wang D, Xu F, Yan C. Distribution, fractions, and potential release of thallium in acidic soils nearby a waste copper mining site from southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:17980-17988. [PMID: 29687196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic element, little information is available on the environmental risks of Tl in agricultural soils with intensive practices, particularly nearby mining sites. Therefore, we investigated the potential release of Tl in acidic soils with intensive cultivation nearby a waste copper mining site from southern China based on its level and chemical fractions as well as simulated release under artificial acid rain. Results showed that the average Tl content was 1.31 mg/kg in the studied area, which significantly exceeds the permissible thallium value of 1 mg/kg for agricultural soil in China. Some vertical increases of soil Tl from different land uses indicate the potential transport of Tl downward to groundwater. High positive correlations between surficial soil Tl and rubidium (Rb) and copper (Cu) indicated that Tl has the lithophile and chalcophile behavior. Tl in soils is mainly entrapped in residual fraction. The exchangeable fraction of Tl in agricultural soils was less than undisturbed natural soils and copper mined soils. Additionally, the percentage of Tl release from undisturbed natural soils and soils of copper ore area was more than that from agricultural soils in simulated acid rain. Furthermore, the releases of Tl from the soils increased with the acidity of artificial acid rain. Thus, more attention must be paid to land management of this similar area to avoid the risk of Tl impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinglan Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Zhuanxi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Hongda Fang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhenfang Chen
- Zhongke Tongheng Environmental Consultation Company, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Zhang Y, Tian Y, Shen M, Zeng G. Heavy metals in soils and sediments from Dongting Lake in China: occurrence, sources, and spatial distribution by multivariate statistical analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13687-13696. [PMID: 29502261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in soils/sediments and its impact on human health and ecological environment have aroused wide concerns. Our study investigated 30 samples of soils and sediments around Dongting Lake to analyze the concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the samples and to distinguish the natural and anthropogenic sources. Also, the relationship between heavy metals and the physicochemical properties of samples was studied by multivariate statistical analysis. Concentration of Cd at most sampling sites were more than five times that of national environmental quality standard for soil in China (GB 15618-1995), and Pb and Zn levels exceeded one to two times. Moreover, Cr in the soil was higher than the national environmental quality standards for one to two times while in sediment was lower than the national standard. The investigation revealed that the accumulations of As, Cd, Mn, and Pb in the soils, and sediments were affected apparently by anthropogenic activities; however, Cr, Fe, and Ni levels were impacted by parent materials. Human activities around Dongting Lake mainly consisted of industrial activities, mining and smelting, sewage discharges, fossil fuel combustion, and agricultural chemicals. The spatial distribution of heavy metal in soil followed the rule of geographical gradient, whereas in sediments, it was significantly affected by the river basins and human activities. The result of principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that heavy metals in soils were associated with pH and total phosphorus (TP), while in sediments, As, Cr, Fe, and Ni were closely associated with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH, where Pb, Zn, and Cd were associated with total nitrogen (TN), TP, total carbon (TC), moisture content (MC), soil organic matter (SOM), and ignition lost (IL). Our research provides comprehensive approaches to better understand the potential sources and the fate of contaminants in lakeshore soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Li D, Tang B, Man S, Jia Y, Xu H. Vermicompost and biochar as bio-conditioners to immobilize heavy metal and improve soil fertility on cadmium contaminated soil under acid rain stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1057-1065. [PMID: 29066203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the remediation effects of bio-conditioners vermicompost (VC) and biochar (BC) on cadmium contaminated soil under the threat of acid rain, individually and associatively. With the application of soil conditioners, the percentages of HOAc-extractable Cd decreased 5.2-6.8%, 9.0-13.5% and 7.9-12.1% in the groups amended with VC, BC and VC combined BC, respectively. When the pH of rain decreased from 7.0 to 4.0, the activity of acid phosphatase decreased 2.0%, 12.3%, 3.2%, 14.8% in VC, BC, VC combined BC and control groups, individually. This study affirmed that with the application of soil conditioners, the threat of heavy metal along with bioavailability of Cd was depressed, and the properties of soil biochemical indictors were enhanced. Oppositely, the bioavailability of Cd was promoted, and soil microbial viability as well as nutrient contents was inhibited with the spraying of acid rain. The findings indicated that acid deposition played a restrain effect on soil remediation process. Meanwhile, soil conditioners showed potentials to improve soil fertilities and alleviate the stress of acid rain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - YongAn Xu
- School of International Business, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - BiCong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - ShuLei Man
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - YiFan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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Wang YS, Dai JG, Wang L, Tsang DCW, Poon CS. Influence of lead on stabilization/solidification by ordinary Portland cement and magnesium phosphate cement. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:90-96. [PMID: 28985540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic binder-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) of Pb-contaminated soil is a commonly used remediation approach. This paper investigates the influences of soluble Pb species on the hydration process of two types of inorganic binders: ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC). The environmental leachability, compressive strength, and setting time of the cement products are assessed as the primary performance indicators. The mechanisms of Pb involved in the hydration process are analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydration heat evolution, and thermogravimetric analyses. Results show that the presence of Pb imposes adverse impact on the compressive strength (decreased by 30.4%) and the final setting time (prolonged by 334.7%) of OPC, but it exerts much less influence on those of MKPC. The reduced strength and delayed setting are attributed to the retarded hydration reaction rate of OPC during the induction period. These results suggest that the OPC-based S/S of soluble Pb mainly depends on physical encapsulation by calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH) gels. In contrast, in case of MKPC-based S/S process, chemical stabilization with residual phosphate (pyromorphite and lead phosphate precipitation) and physical fixation of cementitious struvite-K are the major mechanisms. Therefore, MKPC is a more efficient and chemically stable inorganic binder for the Pb S/S process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shuai Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Guo Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Weissmannová HD, Pavlovský J. Indices of soil contamination by heavy metals - methodology of calculation for pollution assessment (minireview). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:616. [PMID: 29116419 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article provides the assessment of heavy metal soil pollution with using the calculation of various pollution indices and contains also summarization of the sources of heavy metal soil pollution. Twenty described indices of the assessment of soil pollution consist of two groups: single indices and total complex indices of pollution or contamination with relevant classes of pollution. This minireview provides also the classification of pollution indices in terms of the complex assessment of soil quality. In addition, based on the comparison of metal concentrations in soil-selected sites of the world and used indices of pollution or contamination in soils, the concentration of heavy metal in contaminated soils varied widely, and pollution indices confirmed the significant contribution of soil pollution from anthropogenic activities mainly in urban and industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiří Pavlovský
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Lu Y, Luo D, Liu L, Tan Z, Lai A, Liu G, Li J, Long J, Huang X, Chen Y. Leaching variations of heavy metals in chelator-assisted phytoextraction by Zea mays L. exposed to acid rainfall. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24409-24418. [PMID: 28895025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction method has been put forward as an effective soil remediation method, whereas the heavy metal leaching could not be ignored. In this study, a cropping-leaching experiment, using soil columns, was applied to study the metal leaching variations during assisted phytoextraction of Cd- and Pb-polluted soils, using seedlings of Zea mays, applying three different chelators (EDTA, EDDS, and rhamnolipid), and artificial rainfall (acid rainfall or normal rainfall). It showed that artificial rainfall, especially artificial acid rain, after chelator application led to the increase of heavy metals in the leaching solution. EDTA increased both Cd and Pb concentrations in the leaching solution, obviously, whereas EDDS and rhamnolipid increased Cd concentration but not Pb. The amount of Cd and Pb decreased as the leaching solution increased, the patterns as well matched LRMs (linear regression models), with R-square (R 2) higher than 90 and 82% for Cd and Pb, respectively. The maximum cumulative Cd and Pb in the leaching solutions were 18.44 and 16.68%, respectively, which was amended by EDTA and acid rainwater (pH 4.5), and followed by EDDS (pH 4.5), EDDS (pH 6.5), rhamnolipid (0.5 g kg-1 soil, pH 4.5), and rhamnolipid (pH 6.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Dongjiang Environmental Company Limited, Dongjiang Environmental Building, No. 9, Langshan Road, North Area, High-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Dinggui Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Lirong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zicong Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - An Lai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Guowei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Junhui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jianyou Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xuexia Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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Effects of Biochar-Derived Sewage Sludge on Heavy Metal Adsorption and Immobilization in Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMID: 28644399 PMCID: PMC5551119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge biochar on adsorption and mobility of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn. Biochar (BC400) was produced via pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge at 400 °C. Maximum adsorption capacities (qm) for Zn, Cr, Mn, and Cu were 5.905, 5.724, 5.681, and 5.342 mg·g-1, respectively, in the mono-metal solution and 2.475, 8.204, 1.01, and 5.415 mg·g-1, respectively, in the multi-metal solution. The adsorption capacities for Mn, Cu, and Zn decreased in the multi-metal solution due to competitive adsorption, whereas the capacity for Cr increased. Surface precipitation is an important mechanism in the sorption of these metals on BC400. The 360-day incubation experiment showed that BC400 application reduced metal mobility in contaminated soils, which was attributed to the substantial decreases in the acid-soluble fractions of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn (72.20%, 70.38%, 50.43%, and 29.78%, respectively). Furthermore, the leaching experiment using simulated acid rain indicated that the addition of BC400 enhanced the acid buffer capacity of contaminated soil, and the concentration of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the leachate was lower than in untreated soil. Overall, this study indicates that sewage sludge biochar application reduces the mobility of heavy metal in co-contaminated soil, and this adsorption experiment is suitable for the evaluation of biochar properties for remediation.
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Li J, de Toledo RA, Shim H. Multivariate optimization for the simultaneous bioremoval of BTEX and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:238-246. [PMID: 27631686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of some major parameters on the cometabolic removal of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), mixed with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, by an indigenous bacterial isolate Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. Such statistical methodologies as hierarchical cluster analysis heat map and principal component analysis were applied to better evaluate the effects of major parameters (soil pH, temperature, moisture, and cis-DCE/TCE concentrations) on the biological process. The bioremoval experiments were carried out in microcosms containing soil slurry, and the headspace concentrations of contaminants were analyzed by gas chromatography. The optimal bioremoval conditions for the mixture were soil water content >110%, pH 8-9, and temperature 15-20°C, while the cis-DCE/TCE concentration did not significantly affect the mixture bioremoval within the tested range (∼10mg per kg soil). Under the optimal conditions, benzene (97.7%), toluene (96.3%), and ethylbenzene (89.8%) were almost completely removed, while cis-DCE (24.5%), TCE (29.0%), m,p-xylene (36.3%), and o-xylene (29.6%) showed lower removal efficiencies. The obtained results would help to better design a remediation technology to be applied to the sites contaminated with mixed wastes, and the statistical methodologies used in this study appear to be very efficient and could serve as a template for optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Land and Resources for Construction Land Transformation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Use and Consolidation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Renata Alves de Toledo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Hojae Shim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
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Lu Y, Luo D, Lai A, Liu G, Liu L, Long J, Zhang H, Chen Y. Leaching characteristics of EDTA-enhanced phytoextraction of Cd and Pb by Zea mays L. in different particle-size fractions of soil aggregates exposed to artificial rain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1845-1853. [PMID: 27796994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chelator-assisted phytoextraction is an alternative and effective technique for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils, but the potential for heavy metal leaching needs to be assessed. In the present study, a soil column cultivation-leaching experiment was conducted to investigate the Cd and Pb leaching characteristics during assisted phytoextraction of metal-contaminated soils containing different particle-size soil aggregates. The columns were planted with Zea mays "Zhengdan 958" seedlings and treated with combined applications of EDTA and simulated rainfall (pH 4.5 or 6.5). The results were as follows: (1) The greatest uptake of Cd and Pb by Z. mays was observed after treatment with EDTA (2.5 mmol kg-1 soil) and soil aggregates of <1 mm; uptake decreased as the soil aggregate size increased. (2) Simulated rainfall, especially acid rain (pH 4.5), after EDTA applications led to the increasing metal concentrations in the leachate, and EDTA significantly increased the concentrations of both Cd and Pb in the leachate, especially with soil aggregates of <1 mm; metal leachate concentrations decreased as soil particle sizes increased. (3) Concentrations of Cd and Pb decreased with each continuing leachate collection, and data were fit to linear regression models with coefficients of determination (R 2) above 0.90 and 0.87 for Cd and Pb, respectively. The highest total amounts of Cd (22.12%) and Pb (19.29%) were observed in the leachate of soils treated with EDTA and artificial acid rain (pH 4.5) with soil aggregates of <1 mm. The application of EDTA during phytoextraction method increased the leaching risk in the following order: EDTA2.5-1 (pH 4.5) > EDTA2.5-1 (pH 6.5) > EDTA2.5-2 (pH 4.5) > EDTA2.5-4 (pH 4.5) > EDTA2.5-2 (pH 6.5) > EDTA2.5-4 (pH 6.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Dinggui Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - An Lai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Guowei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jianyou Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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Qiu M, Wang Q, Li F, Chen J, Yang G, Liu L. Simulation of changes in heavy metal contamination in farmland soils of a typical manufacturing center through logistic-based cellular automata modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:816-830. [PMID: 26341341 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A customized logistic-based cellular automata (CA) model was developed to simulate changes in heavy metal contamination (HMC) in farmland soils of Dongguan, a manufacturing center in Southern China, and to discover the relationship between HMC and related explanatory variables (continuous and categorical). The model was calibrated through the simulation and validation of HMC in 2012. Thereafter, the model was implemented for the scenario simulation of development alternatives for HMC in 2022. The HMC in 2002 and 2012 was determined through soil tests and cokriging. Continuous variables were divided into two groups by odds ratios. Positive variables (odds ratios >1) included the Nemerow synthetic pollution index in 2002, linear drainage density, distance from the city center, distance from the railway, slope, and secondary industrial output per unit of land. Negative variables (odds ratios <1) included elevation, distance from the road, distance from the key polluting enterprises, distance from the town center, soil pH, and distance from bodies of water. Categorical variables, including soil type, parent material type, organic content grade, and land use type, also significantly influenced HMC according to Wald statistics. The relative operating characteristic and kappa coefficients were 0.91 and 0.64, respectively, which proved the validity and accuracy of the model. The scenario simulation shows that the government should not only implement stricter environmental regulation but also strengthen the remediation of the current polluted area to effectively mitigate HMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Qiu
- Department of Land Resources Management, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Junjian Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Guoyi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Department of Land Resources Management, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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