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Yazicioglu YF, Mitchell RJ, Clarke AJ. Mitochondrial control of lymphocyte homeostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 161-162:42-53. [PMID: 38608498 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a multitude of essential roles within mammalian cells, and understanding how they control immunity is an emerging area of study. Lymphocytes, as integral cellular components of the adaptive immune system, rely on mitochondria for their function, and mitochondria can dynamically instruct their differentiation and activation by undergoing rapid and profound remodelling. Energy homeostasis and ATP production are often considered the primary functions of mitochondria in immune cells; however, their importance extends across a spectrum of other molecular processes, including regulation of redox balance, signalling pathways, and biosynthesis. In this review, we explore the dynamic landscape of mitochondrial homeostasis in T and B cells, and discuss how mitochondrial disorders compromise adaptive immunity.
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Subhasinghe I, Ahmed KA, Ayalew LE, Gautam H, Popowich S, Matsuyama-Kato A, Chow-Lockerbie B, Tikoo SK, Griebel P, Gomis S. Induction of trained immunity in broiler chickens following delivery of oligodeoxynucleotide containing CpG motifs to protect against Escherichia coli septicemia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18882. [PMID: 39143261 PMCID: PMC11325023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) can promote antimicrobial immunity in chickens by enriching immune compartments and activating immune cells. Innate memory, or trained immunity, has been demonstrated in humans and mice, featuring the absence of specificity to the initial stimulus and subsequently cross-protection against pathogens. We hypothesize that CpG-ODN can induce trained immunity in chickens. We delivered single or multiple administrations of CpG-ODN to birds and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified using Seahorse XFp. Next, chickens were administered with CpG-ODN twice at 1 and 4 day of age and challenged with Escherichia coli at 27 days of age. The CpG-ODN administered groups had significantly higher mitochondrial OXPHOS until 21 days of age while cellular glycolysis gradually declined by 14 days of age. The group administered with CpG-ODN twice at 1 and 4 days of age had significantly higher survival, lower clinical score and bacterial load following challenge with E. coli at 27 d of age. This study demonstrated the induction of trained immunity in broiler chickens following administration of CpG-ODN twice during the first 4 days of age to protect birds against E. coli septicemia at 27 days of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iresha Subhasinghe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Lisanework E Ayalew
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Hemlata Gautam
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Betty Chow-Lockerbie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 5D40 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Philip Griebel
- Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 5D40 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
- VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Wang Y, Wu L, Van Kaer L. Role of canonical and noncanonical autophagy pathways in shaping the life journey of B cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1426204. [PMID: 39139569 PMCID: PMC11319164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1426204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a regulated intracellular catabolic process by which invading pathogens, damaged organelles, aggregated proteins, and other macromolecules are degraded in lysosomes. It has been widely appreciated that autophagic activity plays an important role in regulating the development, fate determination, and function of cells in the immune system, including B lymphocytes. Autophagy encompasses several distinct pathways that have been linked to B cell homeostasis and function. While B cell presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted cytosolic antigens to T cells involves both macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), plasma cells and memory B cells mainly rely on macroautophagy for their survival. Emerging evidence indicates that core autophagy factors also participate in processes related to yet clearly distinct from classical autophagy. These autophagy-related pathways, referred to as noncanonical autophagy or conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM), contribute to B cell homeostasis and functions, including MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation to T cells, germinal center formation, plasma cell differentiation, and recall responses. Dysregulation of B cell autophagy has been identified in several autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the role of canonical and noncanonical autophagy in B cells, including B cell development and maturation, antigen processing and presentation, pathogen-specific antibody responses, cytokine secretion, and autoimmunity. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of canonical and noncanonical autophagy in B cells will improve our understanding of B cell biology, with implications for the development of autophagy-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Sulaiman GM, Jabir MS, Mohammed HA, Al-Gareeb AI, Albukhaty S, Klionsky DJ, Abomughaid MM. Defective autophagy and autophagy activators in myasthenia gravis: a rare entity and unusual scenario. Autophagy 2024; 20:1473-1482. [PMID: 38346408 PMCID: PMC11210922 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2315893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) that results from autoantibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) at NMJs. These autoantibodies are mainly originated from autoreactive B cells that bind and destroy nAchRs at NMJs preventing nerve impulses from activating the end-plates of skeletal muscle. Indeed, immune dysregulation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MG. Autoreactive B cells are increased in MG due to the defect in the central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. As well, autoreactive T cells are augmented in MG due to the diversion of regulatory T (Treg) cells or a defect in thymic anergy leading to T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Furthermore, macroautophagy/autophagy, which is a conserved cellular catabolic process, plays a critical role in autoimmune diseases by regulating antigen presentation, survival of immune cells and cytokine-mediated inflammation. Abnormal autophagic flux is associated with different autoimmune disorders. Autophagy regulates the connection between innate and adaptive immune responses by controlling the production of cytokines and survival of Tregs. As autophagy is involved in autoimmune disorders, it may play a major role in the pathogenesis of MG. Therefore, this mini-review demonstrates the potential role of autophagy and autophagy activators in MG.Abbreviations: Ach, acetylcholine; Breg, regulatory B; IgG, immunoglobulin G; MG, myasthenia gravis; NMJ, neuromuscular junction; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Treg, regulatory T; Ubl, ubiquitin-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Majid S. Jabir
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Salim Albukhaty
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq
| | | | - Mosleh M. Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
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Halász H, Tárnai V, Matkó J, Nyitrai M, Szabó-Meleg E. Cooperation of Various Cytoskeletal Components Orchestrates Intercellular Spread of Mitochondria between B-Lymphoma Cells through Tunnelling Nanotubes. Cells 2024; 13:607. [PMID: 38607046 PMCID: PMC11011538 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes (NTs) are dynamic communication channels connecting spatially separated cells even over long distances and promoting the transport of different cellular cargos. NTs are also involved in the intercellular spread of different pathogens and the deterioration of some neurological disorders. Transport processes via NTs may be controlled by cytoskeletal elements. NTs are frequently observed membrane projections in numerous mammalian cell lines, including various immune cells, but their functional significance in the 'antibody factory' B cells is poorly elucidated. Here, we report that as active channels, NTs of B-lymphoma cells can mediate bidirectional mitochondrial transport, promoted by the cooperation of two different cytoskeletal motor proteins, kinesin along microtubules and myosin VI along actin, and bidirectional transport processes are also supported by the heterogeneous arrangement of the main cytoskeletal filament systems of the NTs. We revealed that despite NTs and axons being different cell extensions, the mitochondrial transport they mediate may exhibit significant similarities. Furthermore, we found that microtubules may improve the stability and lifespan of B-lymphoma-cell NTs, while F-actin strengthens NTs by providing a structural framework for them. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of the major cells of humoral immune response to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriett Halász
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Tárnai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Matkó
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nyitrai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Berman-Riu M, Cunill V, Clemente A, López-Gómez A, Pons J, Ferrer JM. Dysfunctional mitochondria, disrupted levels of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy in B cells from common variable immunodeficiency patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362995. [PMID: 38596676 PMCID: PMC11002182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) patients are characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and poor response to vaccination due to deficient generation of memory and antibody-secreting B cells. B lymphocytes are essential for the development of humoral immune responses, and mitochondrial function, hreactive oxygen species (ROS) production and autophagy are crucial for determining B-cell fate. However, the role of those basic cell functions in the differentiation of human B cells remains poorly investigated. Methods We used flow cytometry to evaluate mitochondrial function, ROS production and autophagy processes in human naïve and memory B-cell subpopulations in unstimulated and stimulated PBMCs cultures. We aimed to determine whether any alterations in these processes could impact B-cell fate and contribute to the lack of B-cell differentiation observed in CVID patients. Results We described that naïve CD19+CD27- and memory CD19+CD27+ B cells subpopulations from healthy controls differ in terms of their dependence on these processes for their homeostasis, and demonstrated that different stimuli exert a preferential cell type dependent effect. The evaluation of mitochondrial function, ROS production and autophagy in naïve and memory B cells from CVID patients disclosed subpopulation specific alterations. Dysfunctional mitochondria and autophagy were more prominent in unstimulated CVID CD19+CD27- and CD19+CD27+ B cells than in their healthy counterparts. Although naïve CD19+CD27- B cells from CVID patients had higher basal ROS levels than controls, their ROS increase after stimulation was lower, suggesting a disruption in ROS homeostasis. On the other hand, memory CD19+CD27+ B cells from CVID patients had both lower ROS basal levels and a diminished ROS production after stimulation with anti-B cell receptor (BCR) and IL-21. Conclusion The failure in ROS cell signalling could impair CVID naïve B cell activation and differentiation to memory B cells. Decreased levels of ROS in CVID memory CD19+CD27+ B cells, which negatively correlate with their in vitro cell death and autophagy, could be detrimental and lead to their previously demonstrated premature death. The final consequence would be the failure to generate a functional B cell compartment in CVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Berman-Riu
- Department of Immunology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Spain
- Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cunill
- Department of Immunology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Spain
- Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Clemente
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Gómez
- Department of Immunology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Spain
- Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Jaime Pons
- Department of Immunology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Spain
- Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana M. Ferrer
- Department of Immunology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Spain
- Human Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Liang Y, Wang H, Seija N, Lin YH, Tung LT, Di Noia JM, Langlais D, Nijnik A. B-cell intrinsic regulation of antibody mediated immunity by histone H2A deubiquitinase BAP1. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353138. [PMID: 38529289 PMCID: PMC10961346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction BAP1 is a deubiquitinase (DUB) of the Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase (UCH) family that regulates gene expression and other cellular processes, through its direct catalytic activity on the repressive epigenetic mark histone H2AK119ub, as well as on several other substrates. BAP1 is also a highly important tumor suppressor, expressed and functional across many cell types and tissues. In recent work, we demonstrated a cell intrinsic role of BAP1 in the B cell lineage development in murine bone marrow, however the role of BAP1 in the regulation of B cell mediated humoral immune response has not been previously explored. Methods and results In the current study, we demonstrate that a B-cell intrinsic loss of BAP1 in activated B cells in the Bap1 fl/fl Cγ1-cre murine model results in a severe defect in antibody production, with altered dynamics of germinal centre B cell, memory B cell, and plasma cell numbers. At the cellular and molecular level, BAP1 was dispensable for B cell immunoglobulin class switching but resulted in an impaired proliferation of activated B cells, with genome-wide dysregulation in histone H2AK119ub levels and gene expression. Conclusion and discussion In summary, our study establishes the B-cell intrinsic role of BAP1 in antibody mediated immune response and indicates its central role in the regulation of the genome-wide landscapes of histone H2AK119ub and downstream transcriptional programs of B cell activation and humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Noé Seija
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yun Hsiao Lin
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lin Tze Tung
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Javier M. Di Noia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Cavaliere G, Mollica MP. Mitochondria: the gatekeepers between metabolism and immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334006. [PMID: 38464536 PMCID: PMC10920337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and immunity are crucial monitors of the whole-body homeodynamics. All cells require energy to perform their basic functions. One of the most important metabolic skills of the cell is the ability to optimally adapt metabolism according to demand or availability, known as metabolic flexibility. The immune cells, first line of host defense that circulate in the body and migrate between tissues, need to function also in environments in which nutrients are not always available. The resilience of immune cells consists precisely in their high adaptive capacity, a challenge that arises especially in the framework of sustained immune responses. Pubmed and Scopus databases were consulted to construct the extensive background explored in this review, from the Kennedy and Lehninger studies on mitochondrial biochemistry of the 1950s to the most recent findings on immunometabolism. In detail, we first focus on how metabolic reconfiguration influences the action steps of the immune system and modulates immune cell fate and function. Then, we highlighted the evidence for considering mitochondria, besides conventional cellular energy suppliers, as the powerhouses of immunometabolism. Finally, we explored the main immunometabolic hubs in the organism emphasizing in them the reciprocal impact between metabolic and immune components in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Jacques C, Marchand F, Chatelais M, Floris I. Actives from the Micro-Immunotherapy Medicine 2LMIREG ® Reduce the Expression of Cytokines and Immune-Related Markers Including Interleukin-2 and HLA-II While Modulating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1161-1181. [PMID: 38406323 PMCID: PMC10894519 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s445053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Micro-immunotherapy (MI) is a therapeutic option employing low doses (LD) and ultra-low doses (ULD) of cytokines and immune factors to help the organism at modulating the immune responses. In an overpowering inflammatory context, this strategy may support the restoration of the body's homeostasis, as the active ingredients of MI medicines' (MIM) could boost or slow down the physiological functions of the immune cells. The aim of the study is to evaluate for the first time the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of some actives employed by the MIM of interest in several human immune cell models. Methods In the first part of the study, the effects of the actives from the MIM of interest were assessed from a molecular standpoint: the expression of HLA-II, interleukin (IL)-2, and the secretion of several other cytokines were evaluated. In addition, as mitochondrial metabolism is also involved in the inflammatory processes, the second part of the study aimed at assessing the effects of these actives on the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and on the mitochondrial membrane potential. Results We showed that the tested actives decreased the expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DP in IFN-γ-stimulated endothelial cells and in LPS-treated-M1-macrophages. The tested MIM slightly reduced the intracellular expression of IL-2 in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells isolated from PMA/Iono-stimulated human PBMCs. Additionally, while the secretion of IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ was diminished, the treatment increased IL-6, IL-9, and IL-17A, which may correspond to a "Th17-like" secretory pattern. Interestingly, in PMA/Iono-treated PBMCs, we reported that the treatment reduced the ROS production in B-cells. Finally, in PMA/Iono-treated human macrophages, we showed that the treatment slightly protected the cells from early cell death/apoptosis. Discussion Overall, these results provide data about the molecular and functional anti-inflammatory effects of several actives contained in the tested MIM in immune-related cells, and their impact on two mitochondria-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jacques
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Pescalis-Les Magnys, Moncoutant-sur-Sevre, 79320, France
| | | | | | - Ilaria Floris
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Pescalis-Les Magnys, Moncoutant-sur-Sevre, 79320, France
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10
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Al-kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES, Klionsky DJ. The beneficial role of autophagy in multiple sclerosis: Yes or No? Autophagy 2024; 20:259-274. [PMID: 37712858 PMCID: PMC10813579 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to an increase of abnormal peripherally auto-reactive T lymphocytes which elicit autoimmunity. The main pathophysiology of MS is myelin sheath damage by immune cells and a defect in the generation of myelin by oligodendrocytes. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a critical degradation process that eliminates dysfunctional or superfluous cellular components. Autophagy has the property of a double-edged sword in MS in that it may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on MS neuropathology. Therefore, this review illustrates the protective and harmful effects of autophagy with regard to this disease. Autophagy prevents the progression of MS by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. In contrast, over-activated autophagy is associated with the progression of MS neuropathology and in this case the use of autophagy inhibitors may alleviate the pathogenesis of MS. Furthermore, autophagy provokes the activation of different immune and supporting cells that play an intricate role in the pathogenesis of MS. Autophagy functions in the modulation of MS neuropathology by regulating cell proliferation related to demyelination and remyelination. Autophagy enhances remyelination by increasing the activity of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. However, autophagy induces demyelination by activating microglia and T cells. In conclusion, specific autophagic activators of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, and specific autophagic inhibitors of dendritic cells (DCs), microglia and T cells induce protective effects against the pathogenesis of MS.Abbreviations: ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; APCs: antigen-presenting cells; BBB: blood-brain barrier; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; CNS: central nervous system; DCs: dendritic cells; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MS: multiple sclerosis; NCA: non-canonical autophagy; OCBs: oligoclonal bands; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PD: Parkinson disease; ROS: reactive oxygen species; UPR: unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - Majid S. Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El Beheira, Egypt
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11
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Kuczyńska M, Moskot M, Gabig-Cimińska M. Insights into Autophagic Machinery and Lysosomal Function in Cells Involved in the Psoriatic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Cascade. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0005. [PMID: 38409665 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Impaired autophagy, due to the dysfunction of lysosomal organelles, contributes to maladaptive responses by pathways central to the immune system. Deciphering the immune-inflammatory ecosystem is essential, but remains a major challenge in terms of understanding the mechanisms responsible for autoimmune diseases. Accumulating evidence implicates a role that is played by a dysfunctional autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and an immune niche in psoriasis (Ps), one of the most common chronic skin diseases, characterized by the co-existence of autoimmune and autoinflammatory responses. The dysregulated autophagy associated with the defective lysosomal system is only one aspect of Ps pathogenesis. It probably cannot fully explain the pathomechanism involved in Ps, but it is likely important and should be seriously considered in Ps research. This review provides a recent update on discoveries in the field. Also, it sheds light on how the dysregulation of intracellular pathways, coming from modulated autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking, characteristic of key players of the disease, i.e., skin-resident cells, as well as circulating immune cells, may be responsible for immune impairment and the development of Ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Kuczyńska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Moskot
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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12
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Pal A, Lin CT, Boykov I, Benson E, Kidd G, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD, Shaikh SR. High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Dysregulates Splenic B Cell Mitochondrial Activity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4807. [PMID: 38004202 PMCID: PMC10675399 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity impairs mitochondrial respiratory responses in tissues that are highly metabolically active, such as the heart. However, less is known about the impact of obesity on the respiratory activity of specific cell types, such as splenic B cells. B cells are of relevance, as they play functional roles in obesity-induced insulin resistance, inflammation, and responses to infection. Here, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity could impair the mitochondrial respiration of intact and permeabilized splenic CD19+ B cells isolated from C57BL/6J mice and activated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). High-resolution respirometry was used with intact and permeabilized cells. To reveal potential mechanistic targets by which HFD-induced obesity dysregulates B cell mitochondria, we conducted proteomic analyses and 3D serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBFEM). High-resolution respirometry revealed that intact LPS-stimulated B cells of obese mice, relative to controls, displayed lower ATP-linked, as well as maximal uncoupled, respiration. To directly investigate mitochondrial function, we used permeabilized LPS-stimulated B cells, which displayed increased H2O2 emission and production with obesity. We also examined oxidative phosphorylation efficiency simultaneously, which revealed that oxygen consumption and ATP production were decreased in LPS-stimulated B cells with obesity relative to controls. Despite minimal changes in total respiratory complex abundance, in LPS-stimulated B cells of obese mice, three of the top ten most downregulated proteins were all accessory subunits of respiratory complex I. SBFEM showed that B cells of obese mice, compared to controls, underwent no change in mitochondrial cristae integrity but displayed increased mitochondrial volume that was linked to bioenergetic function. Collectively, these results establish a proof of concept that HFD-induced obesity dysregulates the mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism of activated splenic B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Pal
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (C.-T.L.); (I.B.); (K.H.F.-W.)
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Ilya Boykov
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (C.-T.L.); (I.B.); (K.H.F.-W.)
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Emily Benson
- 3D-EM Ultrastructural Imaging and Computation Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (E.B.); (G.K.)
| | - Grahame Kidd
- 3D-EM Ultrastructural Imaging and Computation Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (E.B.); (G.K.)
| | - Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (C.-T.L.); (I.B.); (K.H.F.-W.)
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - P. Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (C.-T.L.); (I.B.); (K.H.F.-W.)
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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13
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Lu J, Liang F, Bai P, Liu C, Xu M, Sun Z, Tian W, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Quan Q, Khatri A, Shen Y, Marcantonio E, Crosby G, Culley D, Wang C, Yang G, Xie Z. Blood tau-PT217 contributes to the anesthesia/surgery-induced delirium-like behavior in aged mice. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4110-4126. [PMID: 37249148 PMCID: PMC10524579 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (tau-PT217) is a newly established biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and postoperative delirium in patients. However, the mechanisms and consequences of acute changes in blood tau-PT217 remain largely unknown. METHODS We investigated the effects of anesthesia/surgery on blood tau-PT217 in aged mice, and evaluated the associated changes in B cell populations, neuronal excitability in anterior cingulate cortex, and delirium-like behavior using positron emission tomography imaging, nanoneedle technology, flow cytometry, electrophysiology, and behavioral tests. RESULTS Anesthesia/surgery induced acute increases in blood tau-PT217 via enhanced generation in the lungs and release from B cells. Tau-PT217 might cross the blood-brain barrier, increasing neuronal excitability and inducing delirium-like behavior. B cell transfer and WS635, a mitochondrial function enhancer, mitigated the anesthesia/surgery-induced changes. DISCUSSION Acute increases in blood tau-PT217 may contribute to brain dysfunction and postoperative delirium. Targeting B cells or mitochondrial function may have therapeutic potential for preventing or treating these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Feng Liang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Ping Bai
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Chenghao Liu
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zhengwang Sun
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Wenjie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Qimin Quan
- NanoMosaic, Inc., Woburn, MA, 01801, United States
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Yuan Shen
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
- Anesthesia and Brain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Mental Health Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Edward Marcantonio
- Divisions of General Medicine and Primary Care and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Gregory Crosby
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Deborah Culley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
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14
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Guan F, Luo X, Liu J, Huang Y, Liu Q, Chang J, Fang G, Kang D, Gu H, Luo L, Yang L, Lin Z, Gao X, Liu C, Lei J. GSDMA3 deficiency reprograms cellular metabolism and modulates BCR signaling in murine B cells. iScience 2023; 26:107341. [PMID: 37539041 PMCID: PMC10393796 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism plays a crucial role in B cell differentiation and function. GSDMA3 is related to mitochondrial metabolism and is involved in immune responses. Here, we used Gsdma3 KO mice to examine the effect of GSDMA3 on B cells. The results demonstrated that GSDMA3 deficiency reprogrammed B cell metabolism, evidenced by upregulating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling, along with elevated ROS reproduction and reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate in mitochondria. Moreover, the BCR signaling in the KO B cells was impaired. The reduced BCR signaling was associated with decreased BCR clustering, caused by inhibited activation of WASP. However, GSDMA3 deficiency had no effects on B cell development and functions in humoral immunity, which might be associated with the compensation of upregulated GSDMA2 expression and the fine balance between PI3K signaling and BCR signals interaction. Our observations reveal a previously unknown influence of GSDMA3 on B cells under physiological and immunized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guofeng Fang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Danqing Kang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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15
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Luo D, Li L, Wu Y, Yang Y, Ye Y, Hu J, Gao Y, Zeng N, Fei X, Li N, Jiang L. Mitochondria-related genes and metabolic profiles of innate and adaptive immune cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156774. [PMID: 37497211 PMCID: PMC10366690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a prototypical systemic autoimmune disease characterised by lymphocyte infiltration and immune-complex deposition in multiple organs. The specific distribution of immune cell populations and their relationship with mitochondria remain unknown. Methods Histological analysis was performed to assess the specific distribution of innate and adaptive immune cell populations in labial salivary gland (LSG) samples from 30 patients with pSS and 13 patients with non-pSS. The ultrastructural morphometric features of mitochondria within immune cells were observed under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). RNA sequencing was performed on LSG samples from 40 patients with pSS and 7 non-pSS patients. The Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA), ESTIMATE, and CIBERSORT algorithms and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationship between mitochondria-related genes and immune infiltration. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the mitochondria-specific genes and the related pathways based on the immune cell types. Results HE staining revealed a massive infiltration of plasma cells with abundant immunoglobulin protein distributed around phenotypically normal-appearing acinar and ductal tissues of patients with pSS. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that innate immune cells (macrophages, eosinophils and NK cells) were distributed throughout the glandular tissue. Dominant adaptive immune cell infiltration composed of B cells, CD4+T cells and CD8+ T cells or ectopic lymphoid follicle-like structures were observed in the LSGs of patients with pSS. TEM validated the swelling of mitochondria with disorganised cristae in some lymphocytes that had invaded the glandular tissue. Subsequently, bioinformatic analysis revealed that innate and adaptive immune cells were associated with different mitochondrial metabolism pathways. Mitochondrial electron transport and respiratory chain complexes in the glandular microenvironment were positively correlated with innate immune cells, whereas amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism were negatively correlated with adaptive immune cells. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial apoptosis in the glandular microenvironment were closely associated with adaptive immune cells. Conclusion Innate and adaptive immune cells have distinct distribution profiles in the salivary gland tissues of patients with pSS and are associated with different mitochondrial metabolic pathways, which may contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Immunometabolic reprogramming, another cancer hallmark. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125874. [PMID: 37275901 PMCID: PMC10235624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular carcinogenesis is a multistep process that involves acquired abnormalities in key biological processes. The complexity of cancer pathogenesis is best illustrated in the six hallmarks of the cancer: (1) the development of self-sufficient growth signals, (2) the emergence of clones that are resistant to apoptosis, (3) resistance to the antigrowth signals, (4) neo-angiogenesis, (5) the invasion of normal tissue or spread to the distant organs, and (6) limitless replicative potential. It also appears that non-resolving inflammation leads to the dysregulation of immune cell metabolism and subsequent cancer progression. The present article delineates immunometabolic reprogramming as a critical hallmark of cancer by linking chronic inflammation and immunosuppression to cancer growth and metastasis. We propose that targeting tumor immunometabolic reprogramming will lead to the design of novel immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - John H. Stewart
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
- Louisiana State University- Louisiana Children’s Medical Center, Stanley S. Scott, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
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17
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Kumar M, Sharma S, Mazumder S. Role of UPR mt and mitochondrial dynamics in host immunity: it takes two to tango. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1135203. [PMID: 37260703 PMCID: PMC10227438 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1135203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of a host contains a group of heterogeneous cells with the prime aim of restraining pathogenic infection and maintaining homeostasis. Recent reports have proved that the various subtypes of immune cells exploit distinct metabolic programs for their functioning. Mitochondria are central signaling organelles regulating a range of cellular activities including metabolic reprogramming and immune homeostasis which eventually decree the immunological fate of the host under pathogenic stress. Emerging evidence suggests that following bacterial infection, innate immune cells undergo profound metabolic switching to restrain and countervail the bacterial pathogens, promote inflammation and restore tissue homeostasis. On the other hand, bacterial pathogens affect mitochondrial structure and functions to evade host immunity and influence their intracellular survival. Mitochondria employ several mechanisms to overcome bacterial stress of which mitochondrial UPR (UPRmt) and mitochondrial dynamics are critical. This review discusses the latest advances in our understanding of the immune functions of mitochondria against bacterial infection, particularly the mechanisms of mitochondrial UPRmt and mitochondrial dynamics and their involvement in host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shagun Sharma
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Delhi, India
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18
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Morel E, Herranz-Jusdado JG, Simón R, Abós B, Perdiguero P, Martín-Martín A, Andrés G, Muñoz-Atienza E, Guerra Rodriguez M, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Endoplasmic reticulum expansion throughout the differentiation of teleost B cells to plasmablasts. iScience 2022; 26:105854. [PMID: 36619985 PMCID: PMC9812713 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells is fundamental for the generation of humoral immunity. In mammals, this process involves a series of metabolic and intracellular changes, not studied to date in teleost fish, where a clear distinction between naive B cells and plasmablasts/plasma cells (PCs) is still missing. Thus, in the current study, we have established that upon activation, teleost B cells undergo an expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but experience no significant changes in mitochondria content. In parallel, the transcription of genes implicated in B cell differentiation increases, while that of mitochondrial genes decreases. In this context, ER monitoring has allowed us to distinguish between small cells with low amounts of ER (FSCloERlo B cells), that correspond to undifferentiated cells, and large cells with expanded ER (FSChiERhi B cells), characterized as plasmablasts. The results shed new light on the B cell differentiation process in teleosts and provide us with novel tools to study B cell function in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Simón
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abós
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Pedro Perdiguero
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain,Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alba Martín-Martín
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Germán Andrés
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain,Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain,Corresponding author
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19
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Cheng RYH, Hung KL, Zhang T, Stoffers CM, Ott AR, Suchland ER, Camp ND, Khan IF, Singh S, Yang YJ, Rawlings DJ, James RG. Ex vivo engineered human plasma cells exhibit robust protein secretion and long-term engraftment in vivo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6110. [PMID: 36245034 PMCID: PMC9573882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique longevity and capacity to secrete high levels of protein, plasma B cells have the potential to be used as a cell therapy for protein replacement. Here, we show that ex vivo engineered human plasma cells exhibit single-cell RNA profiles, scanning electron micrograph ultrastructural features, and in vivo homing capacity of long-lived plasma cells. After transferring human plasma cells to immunodeficient mice in the presence of the human cytokines BAFF and IL-6, we observe increases in retention of plasma cells in the bone marrow, with engraftment exceeding a year. The most profound in vivo effects of human IL-6 are observed within 20 days of transfer and could be explained by decreased apoptosis in newly differentiated plasma cells. Collectively, these results show that ex vivo engineered and differentiated human plasma cells have the potential for long-lived in vivo protein secretion, which can be modeled in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Yu-Hong Cheng
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Molecular Engineering and Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - King L Hung
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Claire M Stoffers
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Andee R Ott
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Emmaline R Suchland
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Nathan D Camp
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Iram F Khan
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Swati Singh
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Ying-Jen Yang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Richard G James
- Center of immunotherapy and Immunity, Seattle Children Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
- Molecular Engineering and Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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20
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Shen Y, Zhang N, Yang Y, Hong S, Bachert C. Local Immunoglobulin E in nasal polyps: Role and modulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961503. [PMID: 36159836 PMCID: PMC9492990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the airway, IgE is traditionally regarded as a key mediator in allergic diseases, such as AR and allergic asthma. However, growing evidence demonstrates the importance of local IgE in airway inflammatory diseases, irrespective of the presence of allergy. In this review, we discuss the most recent evidence for IgE in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP), including the local IgE’s characteristics, the modulation of its synthesis, and its function. The levels of local IgE are significantly elevated in polyps independently of IgE serum levels and atopic status. Local IgE, which is correlated with type 2 inflammation, is polyclonal and functional. IgE is produced by active B cells and is dependent on the class switch recombination(CSR). In NPs, this process is triggered by not only allergens but also microbial colonization, especially the superantigen- Staphylococcus aureus. The production of local IgE is modulated by lymphocytes(such as Tfh, ILC2s, iTreg), cytokines(such as IL-4, IL-13, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-2, IL-21), transcription factors, and B cell-intrinsic factor. Due to the central role of IgE in NPs, it is regarded as an ideal target for therapy and has been proved to be clinically successful. Based on this knowledge, we believe that exploring the trigger and regulatory factors for the activation of local B cells and CSR to IgE will provide more valuable information for us to recognize the pathological mechanisms of local IgE and offer the possible option for new therapeutic targets of nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suling Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Claus Bachert,
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21
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Fernandez NC, Shinoda K. The Role of B Lymphocyte Subsets in Adipose Tissue Development, Metabolism, and Aging. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4133-4145. [PMID: 35950657 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue contains resident B lymphocytes (B cells) with varying immune functions and mechanisms, depending on the adipose depot type and location. The heterogeneity of B cells and their functions affect the immunometabolism of the adipose tissue in aging and age-associated metabolic disorders. B cells exist in categorizations of subsets that have developmental or phenotypic differences with varying functionalities. Subsets can be categorized as either protective or pathogenic depending on their secretion profile or involvement in metabolic maintenance. In this article, we summarized recent finding on the B cell heterogeneity and discuss how we can utilize our current knowledge of adipose resident B lymphocytes for potential treatment for age-associated metabolic disorders. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-13, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Bronx, New York, USA
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22
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Xu S, Guo Y, Luo T, Jiang P, Yan Z, He Y, Fu L, Liu H, Gao Z, Wang D, Sun Z, Yang X, Pan W, Sun F. Transcriptomic Profiles of Splenic CD19 + B Cells in Mice Chronically Infected With the Larval Echinococcus granulosus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:848458. [PMID: 35548052 PMCID: PMC9082817 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.848458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that the larval Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) infection can expand the population of regulatory B cells in mice, thereby inhibiting the anti-infective immunity. However, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. This study further investigated the holistic transcriptomic profiles of total splenic B cells following the chronic infection of the parasite. Methods The infection model of larval E. granulosus was established by intraperitoneal inoculation with 2000 protoscolexes. Magnetic-Activated Cell Separation (MACS) was used to isolate the total splenic B cells. RNA sequencing was performed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after infection. The expression of selected DEGs was verified using qRT-PCR. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and Co-expression network analysis were applied to predict these DEGs' underlying biological processes, pathways, and interactions respectively. Results A total of 413 DEGs were identified in larval E. granulosus infected B cells, including 303 up- and 110 down-regulated genes. Notably, most DEGs related to inflammation and chemotaxis were significantly upregulated after infection. In line with these changes, significant expression upregulation of DEGs associated with fatty acid oxidation, lipid synthesis, lipolysis, lipid transport, and cholesterol biosynthesis, were observed in infected B cells. Co-expression network analysis showed an intimate interaction between these DEGs associated with immune and metabolism. Conclusions The present study revealed that the larval E. granulosus infection induces metabolic reprogramming of B cells, which provides a novel clue to clarify the immunoregulatory mechanism of B cells in parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Tiancheng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Linlin Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Gao
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dingmin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhengxiu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
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23
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Zegallai HM, Hatch GM. Impaired surface marker expression in stimulated Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblasts from Barth Syndrome patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6195. [PMID: 35418665 PMCID: PMC9008054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary B lymphocytes rapidly respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytosine linked to a guanine by a phosphate bond deoxyribonucleic acid (CpG DNA) stimulation to promote adaptive immune function through increased surface marker expression. Here we examined expression of surface markers in LPS and CpG DNA stimulated Epstein-Barr virus transformed B lymphoblasts from control and BTHS patients with different mutations. The percentage of cluster of differentiation (CD) positive cells including CD38 + , CD138 + , CD80 + surface expression and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1 +) surface expression was similar between control and BTHS lymphoblasts incubated plus or minus LPS. The percentage of CD24 + , CD38 + and CD138 + cells was similar between control and BTHS lymphoblasts incubated plus or minus CpG DNA. CD27 + surface marker expression was reduced in both BTHS lymphoblasts and controls incubated with CpG DNA and PD1 + surface marker expression was higher in BTHS cells compared to controls but was unaltered by CpG DNA treatment. Thus, Epstein-Barr virus transformed control and BTHS lymphoblasts fail to increase selected surface markers upon stimulation with LPS and exhibit variable surface marker expression upon stimulation with CpG DNA. Since B lymphocyte surface marker expression upon activation is involved in B cell proliferation and differentiation, cell-cell interaction and the adaptive immune response, we suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting immunological data obtained from Epstein-Barr virus transformed BTHS cells. Based upon our observations in control cells, our conclusions may be more broadly applicable to other diseases which utilize transformed B lymphocytes for the study of immune biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E3P4, Canada. .,John Buhler Research Center, 501C-715 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E3P4, Canada.
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24
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Kodali S, Li M, Budai MM, Chen M, Wang J. Protection of Quiescence and Longevity of IgG Memory B Cells by Mitochondrial Autophagy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1085-1098. [PMID: 35101890 PMCID: PMC8887795 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of long-lived immune memory cells against pathogens is critical for the success of vaccines to establish protection against future infections. However, the mechanisms governing the long-term survival of immune memory cells remain to be elucidated. In this article, we show that the maintenance mitochondrial homeostasis by autophagy is critical for restricting metabolic functions to protect IgG memory B cell survival. Knockout of mitochondrial autophagy genes, Nix and Bnip3, leads to mitochondrial accumulation and increases in oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid synthesis, resulting in the loss of IgG+ memory B cells in mice. Inhibiting fatty acid synthesis or silencing necroptosis gene Ripk3 rescued Nix-/-Bnip3-/- IgG memory B cells, indicating that mitochondrial autophagy is important for limiting metabolic functions to prevent cell death. Our results suggest a critical role for mitochondrial autophagy in the maintenance of immunological memory by protecting the metabolic quiescence and longevity of memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Kodali
- * Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Li
- * Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marietta M. Budai
- * Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Chen
- † Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX; .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY
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25
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Boothby MR, Brookens SK, Raybuck AL, Cho SH. Supplying the trip to antibody production-nutrients, signaling, and the programming of cellular metabolism in the mature B lineage. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:352-369. [PMID: 34782762 PMCID: PMC8591438 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID pandemic has refreshed and expanded recognition of the vital role that sustained antibody (Ab) secretion plays in our immune defenses against microbes and of the importance of vaccines that elicit Ab protection against infection. With this backdrop, it is especially timely to review aspects of the molecular programming that govern how the cells that secrete Abs arise, persist, and meet the challenge of secreting vast amounts of these glycoproteins. Whereas plasmablasts and plasma cells (PCs) are the primary sources of secreted Abs, the process leading to the existence of these cell types starts with naive B lymphocytes that proliferate and differentiate toward several potential fates. At each step, cells reside in specific microenvironments in which they not only receive signals from cytokines and other cell surface receptors but also draw on the interstitium for nutrients. Nutrients in turn influence flux through intermediary metabolism and sensor enzymes that regulate gene transcription, translation, and metabolism. This review will focus on nutrient supply and how sensor mechanisms influence distinct cellular stages that lead to PCs and their adaptations as factories dedicated to Ab secretion. Salient findings of this group and others, sometimes exhibiting differences, will be summarized with regard to the journey to a distinctive metabolic program in PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Shawna K Brookens
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ariel L Raybuck
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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26
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Shiraz AK, Panther EJ, Reilly CM. Altered Germinal-Center Metabolism in B Cells in Autoimmunity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010040. [PMID: 35050162 PMCID: PMC8780703 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes play an important role in the pathophysiology of many autoimmune disorders by producing autoantibodies, secreting cytokines, and presenting antigens. B cells undergo extreme physiological changes as they develop and differentiate. Aberrant function in tolerogenic checkpoints and the metabolic state of B cells might be the contributing factors to the dysfunctionality of autoimmune B cells. Understanding B-cell metabolism in autoimmunity is important as it can give rise to new treatments. Recent investigations have revealed that alterations in metabolism occur in the activation of B cells. Several reports have suggested that germinal center (GC) B cells of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have altered metabolic function. GCs are unique microenvironments in which the delicate and complex process of B-cell affinity maturation occurs through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switching recombination (CSR) and where Bcl6 tightly regulates B-cell differentiation into memory B-cells or plasma cells. GC B cells rely heavily on glucose, fatty acids, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for their energy requirements. However, the complicated association between GC B cells and their metabolism is still not clearly understood. Here, we review several studies of B-cell metabolism, highlighting the significant transformations that occur in GC progression, and suggest possible approaches that may be investigated to more precisely target aberrant B-cell metabolism in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton K. Shiraz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.K.S.); (C.M.R.); Tel.: +1-540-231-9365 (C.M.R.)
| | - Eric J. Panther
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Christopher M. Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Correspondence: (A.K.S.); (C.M.R.); Tel.: +1-540-231-9365 (C.M.R.)
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27
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Snyder JP, Gullickson SK, del Rio-Guerra R, Sweezy A, Vagher B, Hogan TC, Lahue KG, Reisz JA, D’Alessandro A, Krementsov DN, Amiel E. Divergent Genetic Regulation of Nitric Oxide Production between C57BL/6J and Wild-Derived PWD/PhJ Mice Controls Postactivation Mitochondrial Metabolism, Cell Survival, and Bacterial Resistance in Dendritic Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:97-109. [PMID: 34872978 PMCID: PMC8702458 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) activation is characterized by sustained commitment to glycolysis that is a requirement for survival in DC subsets that express inducible NO synthase (Nos2) due to NO-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. This phenomenon primarily has been studied in DCs from the classic laboratory inbred mouse strain C57BL/6J (B6) mice, where DCs experience a loss of mitochondrial function due to NO accumulation. To assess the conservation of NO-driven metabolic regulation in DCs, we compared B6 mice to the wild-derived genetically divergent PWD/PhJ (PWD) strain. We show preserved mitochondrial respiration and enhanced postactivation survival due to attenuated NO production in LPS-stimulated PWD DCs phenocopying human monocyte-derived DCs. To genetically map this phenotype, we used a congenic mouse strain (B6.PWD-Chr11.2) that carries a PWD-derived portion of chromosome 11, including Nos2, on a B6 background. B6.PWD-Chr11.2 DCs show preserved mitochondrial function and produce lower NO levels than B6 DCs. We demonstrate that activated B6.PWD-Chr11.2 DCs maintain mitochondrial respiration and TCA cycle carbon flux, compared with B6 DCs. However, reduced NO production by the PWD Nos2 allele results in impaired cellular control of Listeria monocytogenes replication. These studies establish a natural genetic model for restrained endogenous NO production to investigate the contribution of NO in regulating the interplay between DC metabolism and immune function. These findings suggest that reported differences between human and murine DCs may be an artifact of the limited genetic diversity of the mouse models used, underscoring the need for mouse genetic diversity in immunology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P. Snyder
- Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Soyeon K. Gullickson
- Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Roxana del Rio-Guerra
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Facility, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Andrea Sweezy
- Undergraduate Student Researcher, University of Vermont
| | - Bay Vagher
- Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Tyler C. Hogan
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Karolyn G. Lahue
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Dimitry N. Krementsov
- Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Eyal Amiel
- Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA,Corresponding author: please direct all correspondence to
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28
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Jiang Y, Tao Z, Chen H, Xia S. Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control in Immune Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740653. [PMID: 34660599 PMCID: PMC8511527 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) system, including endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), the unfolded protein response (UPR), and autophagy, presides over cellular protein secretion and maintains proteostasis in mammalian cells. As part of the immune system, a variety of proteins are synthesized and assembled correctly for the development, activation, and differentiation of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, myeloid-derived-suppressor cells (MDSCs), B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. In this review, we emphasize the role of the ERQC in these immune cells, and also discuss how the imbalance of ER homeostasis affects the immune response, thereby suggesting new therapeutic targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zehua Tao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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29
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Palikova M, Kopp R, Kohoutek J, Blaha L, Mares J, Ondrackova P, Papezikova I, Minarova H, Pojezdal L, Adamovsky O. Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa Contributes to the Severity of Fish Diseases: A Study on Spring Viraemia of Carp. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:601. [PMID: 34564605 PMCID: PMC8473110 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish are exposed to numerous stressors in the environment including pollution, bacterial and viral agents, and toxic substances. Our study with common carps leveraged an integrated approach (i.e., histology, biochemical and hematological measurements, and analytical chemistry) to understand how cyanobacteria interfere with the impact of a model viral agent, Carp sprivivirus (SVCV), on fish. In addition to the specific effects of a single stressor (SVCV or cyanobacteria), the combination of both stressors worsens markers related to the immune system and liver health. Solely combined exposure resulted in the rise in the production of immunoglobulins, changes in glucose and cholesterol levels, and an elevated marker of impaired liver, alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Analytical determination of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and its structurally similar congener MC-RR and their conjugates showed that SVCV affects neither the levels of MC in the liver nor the detoxification capacity of the liver. MC-LR and MC-RR were depurated from liver mostly in the form of cysteine conjugates (MC-LR-Cys, MC-RR-Cys) in comparison to glutathione conjugates (LR-GSH, RR-GSH). Our study brought new evidence that cyanobacteria worsen the effect of viral agents. Such inclusion of multiple stressor concept helps us to understand how and to what extent the relevant environmental stressors co-influence the health of the fish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Palikova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (I.P.); (H.M.)
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Radovan Kopp
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Jiri Kohoutek
- RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Ludek Blaha
- RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Jan Mares
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Petra Ondrackova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.O.); (L.P.)
| | - Ivana Papezikova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (I.P.); (H.M.)
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Hana Minarova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (I.P.); (H.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.O.); (L.P.)
| | - Lubomir Pojezdal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.O.); (L.P.)
| | - Ondrej Adamovsky
- RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (L.B.)
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30
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Grasseau A, Boudigou M, Michée-Cospolite M, Delaloy C, Mignen O, Jamin C, Cornec D, Pers JO, Le Pottier L, Hillion S. The diversity of the plasmablast signature across species and experimental conditions: A meta-analysis. Immunology 2021; 164:120-134. [PMID: 34041745 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are divided into two principal subsets, including the long-lived plasma cell (PC) subset residing in the bone marrow and the short-lived subset, also called plasmablast (PB). PB are described as a proliferating subset circulating through the blood and ending its differentiation in tissues. Due to their inherent heterogeneity, the molecular signature of PB is not fully established. The purpose of this study was to decipher a specific PB signature in humans and mice through a comprehensive meta-analysis of different data sets exploring the PB differentiation in both species and across different experimental conditions. The present study used recent analyses using whole RNA sequencing in prdm1-GFP transgenic mice to define a reliable and accurate PB signature. Next, we performed similar analysis using current data sets obtained from human PB and PC. The PB-specific signature is composed of 155 and 113 genes in mouse and human being, respectively. Although only nine genes are shared between the human and mice PB signature, the loss of B-cell identity such as the down-regulation of PAX5, MS4A1, (CD20) CD22 and IL-4R is a conserved feature across species and across the different experimental conditions. Additionally, we observed that the IRF8 and IRF4 transcription factors have a specific dynamic range of expression in human PB. We thus demonstrated that IRF4/IRF8 intranuclear staining was useful to define PB in vivo and in vitro and able to discriminate between atypical PB populations and transient states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Céline Delaloy
- UMR U1236, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christophe Jamin
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - Divi Cornec
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sophie Hillion
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
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31
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Ma R, Yu D, Peng Y, Yi H, Wang Y, Cheng T, Shi B, Yang G, Lai W, Wu X, Lu Y, Shi J. Resveratrol induces AMPK and mTOR signaling inhibition-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:775-783. [PMID: 33891090 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural compound extracted from the skins of grapes, berries, or other fruits, has been shown to have anti-tumor effects against multiple myeloma (MM) via promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell viability. In addition to apoptosis, autophagy also plays a significant role in anti-tumor effects. However, whether autophagy is involved in anti-MM activity of resveratrol remains unclear. In this study, human MM cell lines U266, RPMI-8226, and NCI-H929 were treated with resveratrol. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and colony formation assay were used to measure cell viability. Western blot analysis was used to detect apoptosis- and autophagy-associated proteins. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was applied to inhibit autophagy. Results showed that resveratrol inhibited cell viability and colony formation via promoting apoptosis and autophagy in MM cell lines U266, RPMI-8226, and NCI-H929. Resveratrol promoted apoptosis-related proteins, Caspase-3 activating poly-ADP-ribose polymerase and Caspase-3 cleavage, and decreased the protein level of Survivin in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, resveratrol upregulated the levels of LC3 and Beclin1 in a dose-dependent way, indicating that autophagy might be implicated in anti-MM effect of resveratrol. Furthermore, 3-MA relieved the cytotoxicity of resveratrol by blocking the autophagic flux. Resveratrol increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase and decreased the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream substrates p70S6K and 4EBP1 in a dose-dependent manner, leading to autophagy. Therefore, our results suggest that resveratrol exerts anti-MM effects through apoptosis and autophagy, which can be used as a new therapeutic strategy for MM in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruye Ma
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hongfei Yi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingcong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Taofang Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Bingqing Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Soochow University Affiliated Taicang Hospital (the First Peoples Hospital of Taicang), Taicang 215400, China
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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32
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Zeni PF, Mraz M. LncRNAs in adaptive immunity: role in physiological and pathological conditions. RNA Biol 2021; 18:619-632. [PMID: 33094664 PMCID: PMC8078528 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1838783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system is responsible for generating immunological response and immunological memory. Regulation of adaptive immunity including B cell and T cell biology was mainly understood from the protein and microRNA perspective. However, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that influence key factors in lymphocyte biology such as NOTCH, PAX5, MYC and EZH2. LncRNAs were described to modulate lymphocyte activation by regulating pathways such as NFAT, NFκB, MYC, interferon and TCR/BCR signalling (NRON, NKILA, BCALM, GAS5, PVT1), and cell effector functions (IFNG-AS1, TH2-LCR). Here we review lncRNA involvement in adaptive immunity and the implications for autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis) and T/B cell leukaemias and lymphomas (CLL, MCL, DLBCL, T-ALL). It is becoming clear that lncRNAs are important in adaptive immune response and provide new insights into its orchestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Faria Zeni
- Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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33
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Wang L, Yu C, Pei W, Geng M, Zhang Y, Li Z, Liang F, Tan F, Du H, Gao J. The lysosomal membrane protein Sidt2 is a vital regulator of mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21223. [PMID: 33715196 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000424r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of Sidt2 in the process of glucose and lipid metabolism has been recently reported. However, whether Sidt2 is involved in the metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle remains unknown. In this study, for the first time, using skeletal muscle-selective Sidt2 knockout mice, we found that Sidt2 was vital for the quality control of mitochondria in mouse skeletal muscle. These mice showed significantly reduced muscle tolerance and structurally abnormal mitochondria. Deletion of the Sidt2 gene resulted in decreased expression of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) and Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC1-α). In addition, the clearance of damaged mitochondria in skeletal muscle was inhibited upon Sidt2 deletion, which was caused by blockade of autophagy flow. Mechanistically, the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes was compromised in Sidt2 knockout skeletal muscle cells. In summary, the deletion of the Sidt2 gene not only interfered with the quality control of mitochondria, but also inhibited the clearance of mitochondria and caused the accumulation of a large number of damaged mitochondria, ultimately leading to the abnormal structure and function of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhuo Wang
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China.,Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical Collage, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Cui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China
| | - Wenjun Pei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Mengya Geng
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China.,Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical Collage, Wuhu, PR China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Zihui Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Feiteng Liang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Fengbiao Tan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Hui Du
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China.,Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China
| | - Jialin Gao
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China.,Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
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34
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She Z, Xie M, Hun M, Abdirahman AS, Li C, Wu F, Luo S, Wan W, Wen C, Tian J. Immunoregulatory Effects of Mitochondria Transferred by Extracellular Vesicles. Front Immunol 2021; 11:628576. [PMID: 33633746 PMCID: PMC7900141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.628576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in immune regulation through various mechanisms, such as changes in the mitochondrial dynamics, as metabolic mediators of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, by the production of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial DNA damage, among others. In recent years, studies have shown that extracellular vesicles are widely involved in intercellular communication and exert important effects on immune regulation. Recently, the immunoregulatory effects of mitochondria from extracellular vesicles have gained increasing attention. In this article, we review the mechanisms by which mitochondria participate in immune regulation and exert immunoregulatory effects upon delivery by extracellular vesicles. We also focus on the influence of the immunoregulatory effects of mitochondria from extracellular vesicles to further shed light on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou She
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Marady Hun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Amin Sheikh Abdirahman
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cuifang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feifeng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Senlin Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wuqing Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuan Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jidong Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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35
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Matsuno K, Nagashima S, Shiiba I, Taniwaka K, Takeda K, Tokuyama T, Ito N, Matsushita N, Fukuda T, Ishido S, Inatome R, Yanagi S. MITOL dysfunction causes dwarfism with anterior pituitary hypoplasia. J Biochem 2021; 168:305-312. [PMID: 32302394 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mitochondrial disorders, short stature and growth failure are common symptoms, but their underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we examined the cause of growth failure of mice induced by nestin promoter-driven knockout of the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MITOL (MARCH5), a key regulator of mitochondrial function. MITOL-knockout mice have congenital hypoplasia of the anterior pituitary caused by decreased expression of pituitary transcript factor 1 (Pit1). Consistently, both mRNA levels of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin levels were markedly decreased in the anterior pituitary of mutant mice. Growth failure of mutant mice was partly rescued by hypodermic injection of recombinant GH. To clarify whether this abnormality was induced by the primary effect of MITOL knockdown in the anterior pituitary or a secondary effect of other lesions, we performed lentiviral-mediated knockdown of MITOL on cultured rat pituitary GH3 cells, which secrete GH. GH production was severely compromised in MITOL-knockdown GH3 cells. In conclusion, MITOL plays a critical role in the development of the anterior pituitary; therefore, mice with MITOL dysfunction exhibited pituitary dwarfism caused by anterior pituitary hypoplasia. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly involved in the unknown pathogenesis of pituitary dwarfism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Matsuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
| | - Shun Nagashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
| | - Isshin Shiiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
| | - Keito Taniwaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
| | - Keisuke Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
| | - Naoki Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
| | - Nobuko Matsushita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
| | - Toshifumi Fukuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoko Inatome
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392
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36
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Kobayashi S, Phung HT, Tayama S, Kagawa Y, Miyazaki H, Yamamoto Y, Maruyama T, Ishii N, Owada Y. Fatty acid-binding protein 3 regulates differentiation of IgM-producing plasma cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:1130-1141. [PMID: 32578350 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs), which aim to protect host health, produce various subsets of immunoglobulin (Ig) in response to extracellular pathogens. Blimp-1 (encoded by Prdm1)-a protein that is highly expressed by PCs-is important for PC functions, including the generation of Igs. Fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) is a carrier protein of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and participates in multiple cellular functions. Although the functions of FABP3 in neurons and cardiac myocytes are well-noted, their roles in immune cells remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that FABP3 is expressed in activated B cells and that FABP3 promotes PC development and IgM secretion. Moreover, we provide the first evidence that FABP3 is necessary for Blimp-1 expression, by regulating the histone modification of its promoter region. Taken together, our findings reveal that FABP3 acts as a positive regulator of B-cell activation by controlling histone acetylation of the Blimp-1 gene, thereby playing a role in host defense against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hai The Phung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunichi Tayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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37
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Brookens SK, Cho SH, Basso PJ, Boothby MR. AMPKα1 in B Cells Dampens Primary Antibody Responses yet Promotes Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Persistence of B Cell Memory. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:3011-3022. [PMID: 33148712 PMCID: PMC7686102 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic programs regulate B cell activation and Ab responses. However, the metabolic mediators that support the durability of the memory B cell and long-lived plasma cell populations are not fully elucidated. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionary conserved serine/threonine kinase that integrates cellular energy status and nutrient availability to intracellular signaling and metabolic pathways. In this study, we use genetic mouse models to show that loss of ΑMPKα1 in B cells led to a weakened recall Ab response associated with a decline in the population of memory-phenotype B cells. AMPKα1-deficient memory B lymphocytes exhibited aberrant mitochondrial activity, decreased mitophagy, and increased lipid peroxidation. Moreover, loss of AMPKα1 in B lymphoblasts was associated with decreased mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity. Of note, AMPKα1 in B cells was dispensable for stability of the bone marrow-resident, long-lived plasma cell population, yet absence of this kinase led to increased rates of Ig production and elevated serum Ab concentrations elicited by primary immunization. Collectively, our findings fit a model in which AMPKα1 in B cells supports recall function of the memory B cell compartment by promoting mitochondrial homeostasis and longevity but restrains rates of Ig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna K Brookens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sung Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Paulo J Basso
- Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mark R Boothby
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
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38
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Low MSY, Brodie EJ, Fedele PL, Liao Y, Grigoriadis G, Strasser A, Kallies A, Willis SN, Tellier J, Shi W, Gabriel S, O'Donnell K, Pitt C, Nutt SL, Tarlinton D. IRF4 Activity Is Required in Established Plasma Cells to Regulate Gene Transcription and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2634-2645.e5. [PMID: 31775034 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is critical for the development, maintenance, and function of plasma cells. The mechanism by which IRF4 exerts its action in mature plasma cells has been elusive due to the death of all such cells upon IRF4 loss. While we identify apoptosis as a critical pathway for the death of plasma cells caused by IRF4 loss, we also determine that IRF4 did not regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway directly. By using an inducible IRF4 deletion system in the presence of the overexpression of anti-apoptotic BCL2, we identify genes whose expression is coordinated by IRF4 and that in turn specify plasma cell identity and mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sze Yuan Low
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Monash Haematology, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton 3168, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton 3168, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica J Brodie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Pasquale L Fedele
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Monash Haematology, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton 3168, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton 3168, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Yang Liao
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia; School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - George Grigoriadis
- Monash Haematology, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton 3168, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon N Willis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie Tellier
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia; School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Gabriel
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy O'Donnell
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Pitt
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - David Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, VIC, Australia.
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Fang X, Zhang X, Li H. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential are involved in the cytotoxicity of perfluorododecanoic acid to neurons. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:892-897. [PMID: 32955411 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720957534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), used in numerous commercial products, was recently demonstrated to accumulate in the brain more easily than other perfluorinated compounds and to cause cognitive deficits. In this study, pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells were exposed to doses of PFDoA to explore the cytotoxicity of this compound to neurons. The results showed that treatment with PFDoA decreased PC12 cell viability dose-dependently. Treatment with 50 and 100 µM PFDoA significantly increased reactive oxygen species (p < 0.01) and malondialdehyde (p < 0.01) and decreased total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) in PC12 cells. The administration of 50 and 100 µM PFDoA led to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) in PC12 cells. The activity of caspase 3 was obviously increased (p < 0.05) in 100 µM PFDoA-treated PC12 cells. In general, the results demonstrated that PFDoA exposure could result in the disruption of MMP, which may contribute to the increase of oxidative stress and activation of the apoptotic signaling cascade in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongxia Li
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, 177544Suzhou University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clozapine has recently been described as a novel cause of secondary antibody deficiency (SAD), associated with long-term therapy. Here we critically review the evidence linking clozapine use to an increased infection risk, describe immunological alterations, and discuss potential mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Individuals with schizophrenia are at two to five times more likely to develop pneumonia than the general population, in particular, when receiving clozapine. Delayed-onset distinguishes clozapine-associated hypogammaglobulinaemia from agranulocytosis or neutropenia that occur at lesser frequency. Biomarker searches in treatment-resistant schizophrenia highlight an immune signature associated with long-term clozapine use. This includes reduction in class-switched memory B cells, echoing common variable immunodeficiency. Recent identification of a role for dopamine in T follicular helper-B cell interactions may inform future clinical studies. SUMMARY The detrimental impact of the increased infection risk associated with clozapine necessitates a re-evaluation of the current monitoring strategies as well as further studies to better understand the underlying mechanisms of SAD in this setting. On the basis of available evidence, we suggest simple modifications to clozapine monitoring including integration of routine vaccination, smoking cessation, and assessment of humoral immunity. Further studies are required to understand the role of clozapine in neuroinflammation as well as other potentially autoantibody-mediated diseases.
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Painter JD, Galle-Treger L, Akbari O. Role of Autophagy in Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1337. [PMID: 32733448 PMCID: PMC7358431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular recycling system found in almost all types of eukaryotic organisms. The system is made up of a variety of proteins which function to deliver intracellular cargo to lysosomes for formation of autophagosomes in which the contents are degraded. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis is key in the survival and function of a variety of human cell populations. The interconnection between metabolism and autophagy is extensive, therefore it has a role in a variety of different cell functions. The disruption or dysfunction of autophagy in these cell types have been implicated in the development of a variety of inflammatory diseases including asthma. The role of autophagy in non-immune and immune cells both lead to the pathogenesis of lung inflammation. Autophagy in pulmonary non-immune cells leads to tissue remodeling which can develop into chronic asthma cases with long term effects. The role autophagy in the lymphoid and myeloid lineages in the pathology of asthma differ in their functions. Impaired autophagy in lymphoid populations have been shown, in general, to decrease inflammation in both asthma and inflammatory disease models. Many lymphoid cells rely on autophagy for effector function and maintained inflammation. In stark contrast, autophagy deficient antigen presenting cells have been shown to have an activated inflammasome. This is largely characterized by a TH17 response that is accompanied with a much worse prognosis including granulocyte mediated inflammation and steroid resistance. The cell specificity associated with changes in autophagic flux complicates its targeting for amelioration of asthmatic symptoms. Differing asthmatic phenotypes between TH2 and TH17 mediated disease may require different autophagic modulations. Therefore, treatments call for a more cell specific and personalized approach when looking at chronic asthma cases. Viral-induced lung inflammation, such as that caused by SARS-CoV-2, also may involve autophagic modulation leading to inflammation mediated by lung resident cells. In this review, we will be discussing the role of autophagy in non-immune cells, myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells for their implications into lung inflammation and asthma. Finally, we will discuss autophagy's role viral pathogenesis, immunometabolism, and asthma with insights into autophagic modulators for amelioration of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Painter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lauriane Galle-Treger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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42
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The essential functions of mitochondrial dynamics in immune cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:712-721. [PMID: 32523116 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly mobile organelles due to fission, fusion, transport, and mitophagy, and these processes are known as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in energy production, cell division, cell differentiation, and cell death. In the past decade, numerous studies have revealed the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in immunity, and mitochondrial dynamics are essential for immune responses mediated by various cell types. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of mitochondrial dynamics in activation, differentiation, cytokine production, and the activity of related pathways in immune cells, particularly T cells, B cells, and other cells involved in the innate immune response.
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Li Z, Peng Y, Li Y, Zhou R, Chen D, Jin W, Xu Q, Xu L, Luo Z, Yang H. Glucose metabolism pattern of peripheral blood immune cells in myasthenia gravis patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:577. [PMID: 32566604 PMCID: PMC7290526 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background We investigated the correlation between glucose metabolism patterns of different immune cells and the metabolic regulatory signaling pathways in myasthenia gravis (MG) and aimed to identify therapeutic targets for MG. Methods We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and sorted CD19+B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD4+CD25-T cells, and T helper (Th) cells such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Then, we detected the expression levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α, GLUT1, hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) by RT-PCR, measured the oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate of ex vivo freshly sorted cells using the Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer. In addition, we compared the glycolysis levels using these cells from the same MG patients. By performing in vitro experiments, we measured, the mRNA expression levels of mTOR, HIF-1α, B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R), GLUT1, HK, PFK, and PK, in addition to ECAR profiles, frequency of CD80 and CD86, and IgG levels from the culture supernatant of B cells (isolated from MG patients) treated with rapamycin and PX-478 (selective mTOR and HIF-1α inhibitor, respectively) from. Results Except PBMCs, Th2 and CD8+ T cells, the expression levels of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis and HIF-1α were significantly higher in B cells, DCs, Tregs, CD4+CD25-T cells, and Th1 and Th17 cells in MG patients, and the measurement of ECAR and OCR confirmed the metabolic status. In MG patients, B cells and DCs showed significantly higher levels of glycolysis and glycolytic capacity than CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and its subsets. In vitro, except IgG levels, the increased glycolysis levels, expression of key glycolytic enzymes, BAFF-R and frequency of CD80 and CD86 of B cells, could be inhibited by rapamycin and PX-478. Conclusions Different subtypes of immune cells in MG exhibit different glucose metabolism patterns. The mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway might be the immunometabolism reprogramming checkpoint of glycolysis-dependent activated B cells in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuyao Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ran Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wanlin Jin
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qiu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Onnis A, Cassioli C, Finetti F, Baldari CT. Regulation of Selective B Cell Autophagy by the Pro-oxidant Adaptor p66SHC. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:193. [PMID: 32274384 PMCID: PMC7113388 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
p66SHC is a pro-oxidant member of the SHC family of protein adaptors that acts as a negative regulator of cell survival. In lymphocytes p66SHC exploits both its adaptor and its reactive oxygen species (ROS)-elevating function to antagonize mitogenic and survival signaling and promote apoptosis. As a result, p66SHC deficiency leads to the abnormal expansion of peripheral T and B cells and lupus-like autoimmunity. Additionally, a defect in p66SHC expression is a hallmark of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, where it contributes to the accumulation of long-lived neoplastic cells. We have recently provided evidence that p66SHC exerts a further layer of control on B cell homeostasis by acting as a new mitochondrial LC3-II receptor to promote the autophagic demise of dysfunctional mitochondria. Here we discuss this finding in the context of the autophagic control of B cell homeostasis, development, and differentiation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Braganza A, Annarapu GK, Shiva S. Blood-based bioenergetics: An emerging translational and clinical tool. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100835. [PMID: 31864667 PMCID: PMC7031032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate that mitochondrial genetics and function are central to determining the susceptibility to, and prognosis of numerous diseases across all organ systems. Despite this recognition, mitochondrial function remains poorly characterized in humans primarily due to the invasiveness of obtaining viable tissue for mitochondrial studies. Recent studies have begun to test the hypothesis that circulating blood cells, which can be obtained by minimally invasive methodology, can be utilized as a biomarker of systemic bioenergetic function in human populations. Here we present the available methodologies for assessing blood cell bioenergetics and review studies that have applied these techniques to healthy and disease populations. We focus on the validation of this methodology in healthy subjects, as well as studies testing whether blood cell bioenergetics are altered in disease, correlate with clinical parameters, and compare with other methodology for assessing human mitochondrial function. Finally, we present the challenges and goals for the development of this emerging approach into a tool for translational research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Braganza
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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46
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Khandia R, Dadar M, Munjal A, Dhama K, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Iqbal HMN, Singh KP, Joshi SK, Chaicumpa W. A Comprehensive Review of Autophagy and Its Various Roles in Infectious, Non-Infectious, and Lifestyle Diseases: Current Knowledge and Prospects for Disease Prevention, Novel Drug Design, and Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070674. [PMID: 31277291 PMCID: PMC6678135 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (self-eating) is a conserved cellular degradation process that plays important roles in maintaining homeostasis and preventing nutritional, metabolic, and infection-mediated stresses. Autophagy dysfunction can have various pathological consequences, including tumor progression, pathogen hyper-virulence, and neurodegeneration. This review describes the mechanisms of autophagy and its associations with other cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and autosis. Autophagy has both positive and negative roles in infection, cancer, neural development, metabolism, cardiovascular health, immunity, and iron homeostasis. Genetic defects in autophagy can have pathological consequences, such as static childhood encephalopathy with neurodegeneration in adulthood, Crohn's disease, hereditary spastic paraparesis, Danon disease, X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy, and sporadic inclusion body myositis. Further studies on the process of autophagy in different microbial infections could help to design and develop novel therapeutic strategies against important pathogenic microbes. This review on the progress and prospects of autophagy research describes various activators and suppressors, which could be used to design novel intervention strategies against numerous diseases and develop therapeutic drugs to protect human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462 026, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31975/148, Iran
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462 026, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281 001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil K Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Vaamonde-García C, López-Armada MJ. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction on rheumatic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:181-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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48
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Chu Q, Ding Y, Cai W, Liu L, Zhang H, Song J. Marek's Disease Virus Infection Induced Mitochondria Changes in Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133150. [PMID: 31252692 PMCID: PMC6651546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial cellular organelles in eukaryotes and participate in many cell processes including immune response, growth development, and tumorigenesis. Marek’s disease (MD), caused by an avian alpha-herpesvirus Marek’s disease virus (MDV), is characterized with lymphomas and immunosuppression. In this research, we hypothesize that mitochondria may play roles in response to MDV infection. To test it, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance and gene expression in immune organs were examined in two well-defined and highly inbred lines of chickens, the MD-susceptible line 72 and the MD-resistant line 63. We found that mitochondrial DNA contents decreased significantly at the transformation phase in spleen of the MD-susceptible line 72 birds in contrast to the MD-resistant line 63. The mtDNA-genes and the nucleus-genes relevant to mtDNA maintenance and transcription, however, were significantly up-regulated. Interestingly, we found that POLG2 might play a potential role that led to the imbalance of mtDNA copy number and gene expression alteration. MDV infection induced imbalance of mitochondrial contents and gene expression, demonstrating the indispensability of mitochondria in virus-induced cell transformation and subsequent lymphoma formation, such as MD development in chicken. This is the first report on relationship between virus infection and mitochondria in chicken, which provides important insights into the understanding on pathogenesis and tumorigenesis due to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Wentao Cai
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
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Titov AA, Baker HV, Brusko TM, Sobel ES, Morel L. Metformin Inhibits the Type 1 IFN Response in Human CD4 + T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:338-348. [PMID: 31160534 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In systemic lupus erythematosus, defective clearance of apoptotic debris and activation of innate cells result in a chronically activated type 1 IFN response, which can be measured in PBMCs of most patients. Metformin, a widely used prescription drug for Type 2 diabetes, has a therapeutic effect in several mouse models of lupus through mechanisms involving inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and a decrease in CD4+ T cell activation. In this study, we report that in CD4+ T cells from human healthy controls and human systemic lupus erythematosus patients, metformin inhibits the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) after IFN-α treatment. Accordingly, metformin inhibited the phosphorylation of pSTAT1 (Y701) and its binding to IFN-stimulated response elements that control ISG expression. These effects were independent of AMPK activation or mTORC1 inhibition but were replicated using inhibitors of the electron transport chain respiratory complexes I, III, and IV. This indicates that mitochondrial respiration is required for ISG expression in CD4+ T cells and provides a novel mechanism by which metformin may exert a therapeutic effect in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Titov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Eric S Sobel
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610;
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Murera D, Malaganahalli S, Martín C, Reina G, Fauny JD, Dumortier H, Vázquez E, Bianco A. Few layer graphene does not affect the function and the autophagic activity of primary lymphocytes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10493-10503. [PMID: 31112199 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00846b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials represent a new tool in future medical applications. Thus, focusing on the evaluation of the degree of their safety has been growing in the last years. In this study we were particularly interested in understanding the impact of few layer graphene (FLG) on primary murine lymphocytes. These B and T cells, that are the second, but specialized, line of defense of the immune system, rely on various mechanisms to ensure their efficient function and maintenance. One of these mechanisms is autophagy that can be triggered by various nanomaterials in some types of cells. For these reasons, we were interested in evaluating the way FLG could affect this process in lymphocytes. Our results point out that FLG neither impacts the viability and activation of T and B cells nor their autophagic activity. Using confocal microscopy, we were also able to see that FLG does not appear to cause any membrane damage and does not penetrate inside of these cells. Overall, our data do not show any effect of this material on lymphocyte homeostasis, which is one more argument in favor of the continuation of studies investigating the potential of FLG for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Murera
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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