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Sillapachaiyaporn C, Wongwan C, Mongkolpobsin K, Nilkhet S, Isidoro C, Chuchawankul S, Tencomnao T. Ergosterol promotes neurite outgrowth, inhibits amyloid-beta synthesis, and extends longevity: In vitro neuroblastoma and in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans evidence. Life Sci 2024; 345:122606. [PMID: 38574884 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging, is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus. Ergosterol, a mushroom sterol, exhibits neuroprotective activities; however, the underlying mechanisms of ergosterol in promoting neurite outgrowth and preventing Aβ-associated aging have never been investigated. We aim to determine the beneficial activities of ergosterol in neuronal cells and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). MATERIALS AND METHODS The neuritogenesis and molecular mechanisms of ergosterol were investigated in wild-type and Aβ precursor protein (APP)-overexpressing Neuro2a cells. The anti-amyloidosis properties of ergosterol were determined by evaluating in vitro Aβ production and the potential inhibition of Aβ-producing enzymes. Additionally, AD-associated transgenic C. elegans was utilized to investigate the in vivo attenuating effects of ergosterol. KEY FINDINGS Ergosterol promoted neurite outgrowth in Neuro2a cells through the upregulation of the transmembrane protein Teneurin-4 (Ten-4) mRNA and protein expressions, phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), activity of cAMP response element (CRE), and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43). Furthermore, ergosterol enhanced neurite outgrowth in transgenic Neuro2A cells overexpressing either the wild-type APP (Neuro2a-APPwt) or the Swedish mutant APP (Neuro2a-APPswe) through the Ten-4/ERK/CREB/GAP-43 signaling pathway. Interestingly, ergosterol inhibited Aβ synthesis in Neuro2a-APPwt cells. In silico analysis indicated that ergosterol can interact with the catalytic sites of β- and γ-secretases. In Aβ-overexpressing C. elegans, ergosterol decreased Aβ accumulation, increased chemotaxis behavior, and prolonged lifespan. SIGNIFICANCE Ergosterol is a potential candidate compound that might benefit AD patients by promoting neurite outgrowth, inhibiting Aβ synthesis, and enhancing longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chamaiphorn Wongwan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kuljira Mongkolpobsin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunita Nilkhet
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont 'Amedeo Avogadro', Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Differentiating Neuroblastoma: A Systematic Review of the Retinoic Acid, Its Derivatives, and Synergistic Interactions. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030211. [PMID: 33809565 PMCID: PMC7999600 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A neuroblastoma (NB) is a solid paediatric tumour arising from undifferentiated neuronal cells. Despite the recent advances in disease management and treatment, it remains one of the leading causes of childhood cancer deaths, thereby necessitating the development of new therapeutic agents and regimens. Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A derivative, is a promising agent that can induce differentiation in NB cells. Its isoform, 13-cis RA or isotretinoin, is used in NB therapy; however, its effectiveness is limited to treating a minimal residual disease as maintenance therapy. As such, research focuses on RA derivatives that might increase the anti-NB action or explores the potential synergy between RA and other classes of drugs, such as cellular processes mediators, epigenetic modifiers, and immune modulators. This review summarises the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data of RA, its derivatives, and synergising compounds, thereby establishing the most promising RA derivatives and combinations of RA for further investigation.
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Halakos EG, Connell AJ, Glazewski L, Wei S, Mason RW. Bottom up proteomics identifies neuronal differentiation pathway networks activated by cathepsin inhibition treatment in neuroblastoma cells that are enhanced by concurrent 13-cis retinoic acid treatment. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104068. [PMID: 33278663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common pediatric cancer involving the peripheral nervous system in which stage IVS metastatic tumors regress due to spontaneous differentiation. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) is currently used in the clinic for its differentiation effects and although it improves outcomes, relapse is seen in half of high-risk patients. Combinatorial therapies have been shown to be more effective in oncotherapy and since cathepsin inhibition reduces tumor growth, we explored the potential of coupling 13-cis RA with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) to enhance therapeutic efficacy against neuroblastoma. Shotgun proteomics was used to identify proteins affected by K777 and dual (13-cis RA/K777) treatment in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Cathepsin inhibition was more effective in increasing proteins involved in neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth than 13-cis RA alone, but the combination of both treatments enhanced the neuronal differentiation effect. SIGNIFICANCE: As neuroblastoma can spontaneously differentiate, determining which proteins are involved in differentiation can guide development of more accurate diagnostic markers and more effective treatments. In this study, we established a differentiation proteomic map of SK-N-SH cells treated with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) and K777/13-cis RA (dual). Bioinformatic analysis revealed these treatments enhanced neuronal differentiation and axonogenesis pathways. The most affected proteins in these pathways may become valuable biomarkers of efficacy of drugs designed to enhance differentiation of neuroblastoma [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie G Halakos
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Wang X, Sun Y, Han S, Wu C, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Shao Y, Chen Y, Kong L, Li W, Zhang F, Xue L. Amyloid precursor like protein-1 promotes JNK-mediated cell migration in Drosophila. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49725-49734. [PMID: 28537903 PMCID: PMC5564802 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor like protein-1 (APLP1) is a member of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) family in mammals. While many studies have been focused on the pathologic role of APP in Alzheimer's disease, the physiological functions of APLP1 have remained largely elusive. Here we report that ectopic expression of APLP1 in Drosophila induces cell migration, which is suppressed by the loss of JNK signaling and enhanced by the gain of JNK signaling. APLP1 activates JNK signaling through phosphorylation of JNK, which up-regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase MMP1 required for basement membranes degradation and promotes actin remodeling essential for cell migration. Our data thus provide the first in vivo evidence for a cell-autonomous role of APLP1 protein in migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shilong Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yeqing Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingyao Shao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yujun Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lingzhi Kong
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Luu L, Ciccotosto GD, Vella LJ, Cheng L, Roisman LC, Multhaup G, Hill AF, Munter LM, Cappai R. Amyloid Precursor Protein Dimerisation Reduces Neurite Outgrowth. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:13-28. [PMID: 29675574 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes extensive metabolism, and its transport and proteolytic processing can be modulated by its ability to form a homodimer. We have investigated the functional consequences of stabilised APP dimer expression in cells by studying the engineered dimerisation of the APPL17C (residue 17 in Aβ sequence) construct, which is associated with a 30% increase in APP dimer expression, on APP's neurite outgrowth promoting activity. Overexpression of APPL17C in SH-SY5Y cells decreased neurite outgrowth upon retinoic acid differentiation as compared to overexpressing APPWT cells. The APPL17C phenotype was rescued by replacing the APPL17C media with conditioned media from APPWT cells, indicating that the APPL17C mutant is impairing the secretion of a neuritogenic promoting factor. APPL17C had altered transport and was localised in the endoplasmic reticulum. Defining the molecular basis of the APPL17C phenotype showed that RhoA GTPase activity, a negative regulator of neurite outgrowth, was increased in APPL17C cells. RhoA activity was decreased after APPWT conditioned media rescue. Moreover, treatment with the RhoA inhibitor, Y27632, restored a wild-type morphology to the APPL17C cells. Small RNAseq analysis of APPL17C and APPWT cells identified several differentially expressed miRNAs relating to neurite outgrowth. Of these, miR-34a showed the greatest decrease in expression. Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of miR-34a rescued neurite outgrowth in APPL17C cells to APPWT levels and changed RhoA activation. This study has identified a novel link between APP dimerisation and its neuritogenic activity which is mediated by miR-34a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Luu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Giuseppe D Ciccotosto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Laila C Roisman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lisa-Marie Munter
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Zeng J, Chen L, Wang Z, Chen Q, Fan Z, Jiang H, Wu Y, Ren L, Chen J, Li T, Song W. Marginal vitamin A deficiency facilitates Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:967-982. [PMID: 28130638 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid β protein (Aβ) to form neuritic plaques in the brain is the unique pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is derived from amyloid β precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase cleavages and turned over by glia in the central nervous system (CNS). Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) has been shown to affect cognitive functions. Marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD) is a serious and widespread public health problem among pregnant women and children in developing countries. However, the role of MVAD in the pathogenesis of AD remains elusive. Our study showed that MVAD is approximately twofold more prevalent than VAD in the elderly, and increased cognitive decline is positively correlated with lower VA levels. We found that MVAD, mostly prenatal MVAD, promotes beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)-mediated Aβ production and neuritic plaque formation, and significantly exacerbates memory deficits in AD model mice. Supplementing a therapeutic dose of VA rescued the MVAD-induced memory deficits. Taken together, our study demonstrates that MVAD facilitates AD pathogenesis and VA supplementation improves cognitive deficits. These results suggest that VA supplementation might be a potential approach for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zeng
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Li Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Qian Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hongpeng Jiang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lan Ren
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Weihong Song
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Wang X, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Hu Y, Chen C, Shao Y, Xue L. APLP1 promotes dFoxO-dependent cell death in Drosophila. Apoptosis 2016; 20:778-86. [PMID: 25740230 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor like protein-1 (APLP1) belongs to the amyloid precursor protein family that also includes the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the amyloid precursor like protein-2 (APLP2). Though the three proteins share similar structures and undergo the same cleavage processing by α-, β- and γ-secretases, APLP1 shows divergent subcellular localization from that of APP and APLP2, and thus, may perform distinct roles in vivo. While extensive studies have been focused on APP, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, the functions of APLP1 remain largely elusive. Here we report that the expression of APLP1 in Drosophila induces cell death and produces developmental defects in wing and thorax. This function of APLP1 depends on the transcription factor dFoxO, as the depletion of dFoxO abrogates APLP1-induced cell death and adult defects. Consistently, APLP1 up-regulates the transcription of dFoxO target hid and reaper-two well known pro-apoptotic genes. Thus, the present study provides the first in vivo evidence that APLP1 is able to induce cell death, and that FoxO is a crucial downstream mediator of APLP1's activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China,
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Panmanee J, Nopparat C, Chavanich N, Shukla M, Mukda S, Song W, Vincent B, Govitrapong P. Melatonin regulates the transcription of βAPP-cleaving secretases mediated through melatonin receptors in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:308-20. [PMID: 26123100 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in the control of various physiological functions, such as sleep, cell growth and free radical scavenging. The ability of melatonin to behave as an antioxidant, together with the fact that the Alzheimer-related amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) triggers oxidative stress through hydroxyl radical-induced cell death, suggests that melatonin could reduce Alzheimer's pathology. Although the exact etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains to be established, excess Aβ is believed to be the primary contributor to the dysfunction and degeneration of neurons that occurs in AD. Aβ peptides are produced via the sequential cleavage of β-secretase β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase (PS1/PS2), while α-secretase (ADAM10) prevents the production of Aβ peptides. We hypothesized that melatonin could inhibit BACE1 and PS1/PS2 and enhance ADAM10 expression. Using the human neuronal SH-SY5Y cell line, we found that melatonin inhibited BACE1 and PS1 and activated ADAM10 mRNA level and protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner and mediated via melatonin G protein-coupled receptors. Melatonin inhibits BACE1 and PS1 protein expressions through the attenuation of nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation (pNF-κB). Moreover, melatonin reduced BACE1 promoter transactivation and consequently downregulated β-secretase catalytic activity. The present data show that melatonin is not only a potential regulator of β/γ-secretase but also an activator of α-secretase expression through the activation of protein kinase C, thereby favoring the nonamyloidogenic pathway over the amyloidogenic pathway. Altogether, our findings suggest that melatonin may be a potential therapeutic agent for reducing the risk of AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Panmanee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Napapit Chavanich
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Mayuri Shukla
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Identification of common molecular mechanisms is needed to facilitate the development of new treatment options for patients with ileal carcinoids. PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent profiling studies on ileal carcinoids were examined to obtain a comprehensive view of risk factors, genetic aberrations, and transcriptional alterations. Special attention was paid to mechanisms that could provide novel targets for therapy. RESULTS Genome-wide association studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at IL12A and DAD1 are associated with an increased risk of ileal carcinoids. Genomic profiling revealed distinct patterns of copy-number alterations in ileal carcinoids. Two groups of carcinoids could be identified by hierarchical clustering. A major group of tumors was characterized by loss on chromosome 18 followed by additional losses on chromosomes 3p, 11q, and 13. Three minimal common regions of deletions were identified at 18q21.1-q21.31, 18q22.1-q22.2, and 18q22.3-q23. A minor group of tumors was characterized by clustered gains on chromosomes 4, 5, 7, 14, and 20. Expression profiling identified three groups of ileal carcinoids by principal component analysis. Tumor progression was associated with changes in gene expression including downregulation of MIR133A. Candidate genes for targeted therapy included ERBB2/HER2, DAD1, PRKCA, RYBP, CASP1, CASP4, CASP5, VMAT1, RET, APLP1, OR51E1, GPR112, SPOCK1, RUNX1, and MIR133A. CONCLUSION Profiling of ileal carcinoids has revealed recurrent genetic alterations and distinct patterns of gene expression. Frequent alterations in cellular pathways and genes were identified, suggesting novel targets for therapy. Translational studies are needed to validate suggested molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Vasireddy V, Chavali VRM, Joseph VT, Kadam R, Lin JH, Jamison JA, Kompella UB, Reddy GB, Ayyagari R. Rescue of photoreceptor degeneration by curcumin in transgenic rats with P23H rhodopsin mutation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21193. [PMID: 21738619 PMCID: PMC3126808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The P23H mutation in the rhodopsin gene causes rhodopsin misfolding, altered trafficking and formation of insoluble aggregates leading to photoreceptor degeneration and autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). There are no effective therapies to treat this condition. Compounds that enhance dissociation of protein aggregates may be of value in developing new treatments for such diseases. Anti-protein aggregating activity of curcumin has been reported earlier. In this study we present that treatment of COS-7 cells expressing mutant rhodopsin with curcumin results in dissociation of mutant protein aggregates and decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore we demonstrate that administration of curcumin to P23H-rhodopsin transgenic rats improves retinal morphology, physiology, gene expression and localization of rhodopsin. Our findings indicate that supplementation of curcumin improves retinal structure and function in P23H-rhodopsin transgenic rats. This data also suggest that curcumin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent in treating RP due to the P23H rhodopsin mutation and perhaps other degenerative diseases caused by protein trafficking defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyullatha Vasireddy
- Jacobs Retina Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Venkata R. M. Chavali
- Jacobs Retina Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Victory T. Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rajendra Kadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H. Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | - Uday B. Kompella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Radha Ayyagari
- Jacobs Retina Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Liu H, Li Z, Qiu D, Gu Q, Lei Q, Mao L. The inhibitory effects of different curcuminoids on β-amyloid protein, β-amyloid precursor protein and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 in swAPP HEK293 cells. Neurosci Lett 2010; 485:83-8. [PMID: 20727383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Aβ is generated from the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) through the proteolysis of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase. Aβ(42) isoform is more easily aggregate and more toxic to neurons than any other Aβ isoforms, thus being regarded as the primary toxic specie in AD. Curcumin mix has potent anti-amyloidogenic effect and shows great promise for AD treatment and prevention. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of curcumin mix and its different curcuminoids including curcumin (Cur), demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) on Aβ(42), APP and BACE1. We found that Cur was the most active curcuminoid fraction in suppressing Aβ(42) production and the order of inhibitory potency of other curcuminoids was DMC>curcumin mix>BDMC. Cur, but not other curcuminoids, could reduce APP protein expression and none of curcuminoids affected APP mRNA level. BDMC could reduce BACE1 mRNA and protein levels, while DMC only affected BACE1 mRNA expression. Our data indicate that the anti-amyloidogenic effect of Cur may be mediated through the modulation of APP, while the anti-amyloidogenic effect of BDMC may be mediated through the modulation of BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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12
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Frimat JP, Sisnaiske J, Subbiah S, Menne H, Godoy P, Lampen P, Leist M, Franzke J, Hengstler JG, van Thriel C, West J. The network formation assay: a spatially standardized neurite outgrowth analytical display for neurotoxicity screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:701-709. [PMID: 20221557 DOI: 10.1039/b922193j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a rapid, reproducible and sensitive neurotoxicity testing platform that combines the benefits of neurite outgrowth analysis with cell patterning. This approach involves patterning neuronal cells within a hexagonal array to standardize the distance between neighbouring cellular nodes, and thereby standardize the length of the neurite interconnections. This feature coupled with defined assay coordinates provides a streamlined display for rapid and sensitive analysis. We have termed this the network formation assay (NFA). To demonstrate the assay we have used a novel cell patterning technique involving thin film poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microcontact printing. Differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells colonized the array with high efficiency, reliably producing pattern occupancies above 70%. The neuronal array surface supported neurite outgrowth, resulting in the formation of an interconnected neuronal network. Exposure to acrylamide, a neurotoxic reference compound, inhibited network formation. A dose-response curve from the NFA was used to determine a 20% network inhibition (NI(20)) value of 260 microM. This concentration was approximately 10-fold lower than the value produced by a routine cell viability assay, and demonstrates that the NFA can distinguish network formation inhibitory effects from gross cytotoxic effects. Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK1/2 and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI-3K) signaling pathways also produced a dose-dependent reduction in network formation at non-cytotoxic concentrations. To further refine the assay a simulation was developed to manage the impact of pattern occupancy variations on network formation probability. Together these developments and demonstrations highlight the potential of the NFA to meet the demands of high-throughput applications in neurotoxicology and neurodevelopmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Frimat
- ISAS-Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
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13
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Quitschke WW. Differential solubility of curcuminoids in serum and albumin solutions: implications for analytical and therapeutic applications. BMC Biotechnol 2008; 8:84. [PMID: 18990234 PMCID: PMC2612664 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-8-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercially available curcumin preparations contain a mixture of related polyphenols, collectively referred to as curcuminoids. These encompass the primary component curcumin along with its co-purified derivatives demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcuminoids have numerous biological activities, including inhibition of cancer related cell proliferation and reduction of amyloid plaque formation associated with Alzheimer disease. Unfortunately, the solubility of curcuminoids in aqueous solutions is exceedingly low. This restricts their systemic availability in orally administered formulations and limits their therapeutic potential. Results Methods are described that achieve high concentrations of soluble curcuminoids in serum. Solid curcuminoids were either mixed directly with serum, or they were predissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and added as aliquots to serum. Both methods resulted in high levels of curcuminoid-solubility in mammalian sera from different species. However, adding aliquots of dimethyl sulfoxide-dissolved curcuminoids to serum proved to be more efficient, producing soluble curcuminoid concentrations of at least 3 mM in human serum. The methods also resulted in the differential solubility of individual curcuminoids in serum. The addition of dimethyl sulfoxide-dissolved curcuminoids to serum preferentially solubilized curcumin, whereas adding solid curcuminoids predominantly solubilized bisdemethoxycurcumin. Either method of solubilization was equally effective in inhibiting dose-dependent HeLa cell proliferation in culture. The maximum concentration of curcuminoids achieved in serum was at least 100-fold higher than that required for inhibiting cell proliferation in culture and 1000-fold higher than the concentration that has been reported to prevent amyloid plaque formation associated with Alzheimer disease. Curcuminoids were also highly soluble in solutions of purified albumin, a major component of serum. Conclusion These results suggest the possibility of alternative therapeutic approaches by injection or infusion of relatively small amounts of curcuminoid-enriched serum. They also provide tools to reproducibly solubilize curcuminoids for analysis in cell culture applications. The differential solubility of curcuminoids achieved by different methods of solubilization offers convenient alternatives to assess the diverse biological effects contributed by curcumin and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang W Quitschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8101, USA.
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14
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Pinweha S, Wanikiat P, Sanvarinda Y, Supavilai P. The signaling cascades of Ganoderma lucidum extracts in stimulating non-amyloidogenic protein secretion in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. Neurosci Lett 2008; 448:62-6. [PMID: 18938219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a medicinal mushroom that possesses various pharmacological properties which are also documented in the ancient reports where GL is praised for its effects on the promotion of health and longevity. In this study, we have investigated the effect of GL mycelia extracts on the non-amyloidogenic protein secretion (sAPPalpha) and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In order to characterize the signaling pathway which mediates GL-enhanced sAPPalpha secretion, we used inhibitors of nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling pathways, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1), protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), to block GL-mediated sAPPalpha secretion as well as ERK1/2 and PKC activation by using Western blot analysis. Our results provided for the first time evidence that GL mycelia extracts increased APP expression and promoted sAPPalpha secretion. In addition, GL extracts activated ERK1/2 and PKC phosphorylation. The complex signaling cascades of PI3K and ERK may be responsible for GL-mediated sAPPalpha secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinthorn Pinweha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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15
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Samuelsson M, Ramberg V, Iverfeldt K. Alzheimer amyloid-β peptides block the activation of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in glial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370:619-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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PI3-K- and PKC-dependent up-regulation of APP processing enzymes by retinoic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 365:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Aggarwal BB, Sundaram C, Malani N, Ichikawa H. CURCUMIN: THE INDIAN SOLID GOLD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:1-75. [PMID: 17569205 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric, derived from the plant Curcuma longa, is a gold-colored spice commonly used in the Indian subcontinent, not only for health care but also for the preservation of food and as a yellow dye for textiles. Curcumin, which gives the yellow color to turmeric, was first isolated almost two centuries ago, and its structure as diferuloylmethane was determined in 1910. Since the time of Ayurveda (1900 Bc) numerous therapeutic activities have been assigned to turmeric for a wide variety of diseases and conditions, including those of the skin, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems, aches, pains, wounds, sprains, and liver disorders. Extensive research within the last half century has proven that most of these activities, once associated with turmeric, are due to curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities and thus has a potential against various malignant diseases, diabetes, allergies, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic illnesses. These effects are mediated through the regulation of various transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases, and other enzymes. Curcumin exhibits activities similar to recently discovered tumor necrosis factor blockers (e.g., HUMIRA, REMICADE, and ENBREL), a vascular endothelial cell growth factor blocker (e.g., AVASTIN), human epidermal growth factor receptor blockers (e.g., ERBITUX, ERLOTINIB, and GEFTINIB), and a HER2 blocker (e.g., HERCEPTIN). Considering the recent scientific bandwagon that multitargeted therapy is better than monotargeted therapy for most diseases, curcumin can be considered an ideal "Spice for Life".
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antifungal Agents/chemistry
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/chemistry
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/chemistry
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Curcuma/chemistry
- Curcumin/analogs & derivatives
- Curcumin/chemistry
- Curcumin/metabolism
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Curcumin/therapeutic use
- Humans
- India
- Medicine, Ayurvedic
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Structure
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Phytotherapy
- Plants, Medicinal
- Spices
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Sarkanen JR, Nykky J, Siikanen J, Selinummi J, Ylikomi T, Jalonen TO. Cholesterol supports the retinoic acid-induced synaptic vesicle formation in differentiating human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. J Neurochem 2007; 102:1941-1952. [PMID: 17540009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle formation, vesicle activation and exo/endocytosis in the pre-synaptic area are central steps in neuronal communication. The formation and localization of synaptic vesicles in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, differentiated with 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and cholesterol, was studied by fluorescence microscopy and immunocytochemical methods. RA alone or together with cholesterol, produced significant neurite extension and formation of cell-to-cell contacts. Synaptic vesicle formation was followed by anti-synaptophysin (SypI) and AM1-43 staining. SypI was only weakly detected, mainly in cell somata, before 7 days in vitro, after which it was found in neurites. Depolarization of the differentiated cells with high potassium solution increased the number of fluorescent puncta, as well as SypI and AM1-43 co-localization. In addition to increase in the number of synaptic vesicles, RA and cholesterol also increased the number and distribution of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 labeled lysosomes. RA-induced Golgi apparatus fragmentation was partly avoided by co-treatment with cholesterol. The SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, differentiated by RA and cholesterol and with good viability in culture, is a valuable tool for basic studies of neuronal metabolism, specifically as a model for dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jertta-Riina Sarkanen
- Cell Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, FinlandDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandInstitute of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jonna Nykky
- Cell Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, FinlandDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandInstitute of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jutta Siikanen
- Cell Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, FinlandDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandInstitute of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jyrki Selinummi
- Cell Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, FinlandDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandInstitute of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Ylikomi
- Cell Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, FinlandDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandInstitute of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula O Jalonen
- Cell Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, FinlandDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandInstitute of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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19
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Adlerz L, Holback S, Multhaup G, Iverfeldt K. IGF-1-induced Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Family Is Mediated by Different Signaling Pathways. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:10203-9. [PMID: 17301053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611183200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian amyloid precursor protein (APP) protein family consists of the APP and the amyloid precursor-like proteins 1 and 2 (APLP1 and APLP2). The neurotoxic amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) originates from APP, which is the only member of this protein family implicated in Alzheimer disease. However, the three homologous proteins have been proposed to be processed in similar ways and to have essential and overlapping functions. Therefore, it is also important to take into account the effects on the processing and function of the APP-like proteins in the development of therapeutic drugs aimed at decreasing the production of Abeta. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been shown to regulate APP processing and the levels of Abeta in the brain. In the present study, we show that IGF-1 increases alpha-secretase processing of endogenous APP and also increases ectodomain shedding of APLP1 and APLP2 in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We also investigated the role of different IGF-1-induced signaling pathways, using specific inhibitors for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Our results indicate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is involved in ectodomain shedding of APP and APLP1, but not APLP2, and that MAPK is involved only in the ectodomain shedding of APLP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Adlerz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Gutala R, Wang J, Hwang YY, Haq R, Li MD. Nicotine modulates expression of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 in mouse brain and in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res 2006; 1093:12-9. [PMID: 16707114 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that tobacco smoking can be protective against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of the present study was to examine the changes in gene expression induced by chronic oral nicotine administration (100 mug/ml in 2% saccharin for 14 days), with special emphasis on amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its homologue, amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2), in different brain regions of C57BL/6 mice using a pathway-focused microarray. Our results revealed that nicotine stimulated mRNA expression of APP in the amygdala (64%; P = 0.003) and hippocampus (32%; P = 0.034) and of APLP2 in the amygdala (39%; P = 0.002). These results were verified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR except that expression of APLP2 was also significantly upregulated by nicotine in the hippocampus. In addition, in vitro nicotine treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells resulted in a significant increase in expression of APP protein, soluble APP, and APLP2, whereas co-treatment with mecamylamine (an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) attenuated the stimulating effect of nicotine on APP and APLP2 expression. These findings suggest that nicotine treatment facilitates the increase in the expression of mRNA and protein of the APP and APLP2 genes in rat brain and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramana Gutala
- Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Section of Neurobiology, University of Virginia, 1670 Discovery Drive, Suite 110, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA
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21
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Li C, Kato M, Shiue L, Shively JE, Ares M, Lin RJ. Cell type and culture condition-dependent alternative splicing in human breast cancer cells revealed by splicing-sensitive microarrays. Cancer Res 2006; 66:1990-9. [PMID: 16488998 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that alternative or aberrant pre-mRNA splicing takes place during the development, progression, and metastasis of breast cancer. However, which splicing changes that might contribute directly to tumorigenesis or cancer progression remain to be elucidated. We used splicing-sensitive microarrays to detect differences in alternative splicing between two breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 (estrogen receptor positive) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor negative), as well as cultured human mammary epithelial cells. Several splicing alterations in genes, including CD44, FAS, RBM9, hnRNPA/B, APLP2, and MYL6, were detected by the microarray and verified by reverse transcription-PCR. We also compared splicing in these breast cancer cells cultured in either two-dimensional flat dishes or in three-dimensional Matrigel conditions. Only a subset of the splicing differences that distinguish MCF7 cells from MDA-MB-231 cells under two-dimensional culture condition is retained under three-dimensional conditions, suggesting that alternative splicing events are influenced by the geometry of the culture conditions of these cells. Further characterization of splicing patterns of several genes in MCF7 cells grown in Matrigel and in xenograft in nude mice shows that splicing is similar under both conditions. Thus, our oligonucleotide microarray can effectively detect changes in alternative splicing in different cells or in the same cells grown in different environments. Our findings also illustrate the potential for understanding gene expression with resolution of alternative splicing in the study of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Li
- City of Hope Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, California, USA
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22
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Endres K, Postina R, Schroeder A, Mueller U, Fahrenholz F. Shedding of the amyloid precursor protein-like protein APLP2 by disintegrin-metalloproteinases. FEBS J 2005; 272:5808-20. [PMID: 16279945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) within the amyloid-beta (Abeta) sequence by the alpha-secretase prevents the formation of toxic Abeta peptides. It has been shown that the disintegrin-metalloproteinases ADAM10 and TACE (ADAM17) act as alpha-secretases and stimulate the generation of a soluble neuroprotective fragment of APP, APPsalpha. Here we demonstrate that the related APP-like protein 2 (APLP2), which has been shown to be essential for development and survival of mice, is also a substrate for both proteinases. Overexpression of either ADAM10 or TACE in HEK293 cells increased the release of neurotrophic soluble APLP2 severalfold. The strongest inhibition of APLP2 shedding in neuroblastoma cells was observed with an ADAM10-preferring inhibitor. Transgenic mice with neuron-specific overexpression of ADAM10 showed significantly increased levels of soluble APLP2 and its C-terminal fragments. To elucidate a possible regulatory mechanism of APLP2 shedding in the neuronal context, we examined retinoic acid-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Retinoic acid treatment of two neuroblastoma cell lines upregulated the expression of both APLP2 and ADAM10, thus leading to an increased release of soluble APLP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Endres
- Institute of Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
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23
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Neumann S, Schöbel S, Jäger S, Trautwein A, Haass C, Pietrzik CU, Lichtenthaler SF. Amyloid precursor-like protein 1 influences endocytosis and proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:7583-94. [PMID: 16344553 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m508340200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodomain shedding of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a key regulatory step in the generation of the Alzheimer disease amyloid beta peptide (Abeta). The molecular mechanisms underlying the control of APP shedding remain little understood but are in part dependent on the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is involved in APP endocytosis. Here, we show that the APP homolog APLP1 (amyloid precursor-like protein 1) influences APP shedding. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells expression of APLP1 strongly activated APP shedding by alpha-secretase and slightly reduced beta-secretase cleavage. As revealed by domain deletion analysis, the increase in APP shedding required the NPTY amino acid motif within the cytoplasmic domain of APLP1. This motif is conserved in APP and is essential for the endocytosis of APP and APLP1. Unrelated membrane proteins containing similar endocytic motifs did not affect APP shedding, showing that the increase in APP shedding was specific to APLP1. In LRP-deficient cells APLP1 no longer induced APP shedding, suggesting that in wild-type cells APLP1 interferes with the LRP-dependent endocytosis of APP and there by increases APP alpha-cleavage. In fact, an antibody uptake assay revealed that expression of APLP1 reduced the rate of APP endocytosis. In summary, our study provides a novel mechanism for APP shedding, in which APLP1 affects the endocytosis of APP and makes more APP available for alpha-secretase cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Neumann
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 Munich, Germany
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24
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Holback S, Adlerz L, Iverfeldt K. Increased processing of APLP2 and APP with concomitant formation of APP intracellular domains in BDNF and retinoic acid-differentiated human neuroblastoma cells. J Neurochem 2005; 95:1059-68. [PMID: 16150056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) belongs to a conserved gene family, also including the amyloid precursor-like proteins, APLP1 and APLP2. We have previously shown that all members of the APP protein family are up-regulated upon retinoic acid (RA)-induced neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Here, we demonstrate that RA also affects the processing of APLP2 and APP, as shown by increased shedding of both sAPLP2 and sAPPalpha, as well as elevated levels of the APP intracellular domains (AICDs). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been reported to induce APP promoter activity and RA induces expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) in neuroblastoma cells. We show that the increase in shedding of both APLP2 and APP in response to RA is not mediated through the TrkB receptor. However, BDNF concomitant with RA increased the expression of APP even further. In addition, the secretion of sAPLP2 and sAPPalpha as well as the levels of AICDs were increased in response to BDNF. In contrast, the levels of membrane-bound APP C-terminal fragment C99 significantly decreased. Our results suggest that RA and BDNF shifts APP processing towards the alpha-secretase pathway. In addition, we show that RA and BDNF regulate N-linked glycosylation of APLP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Holback
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shudo K, Kagechika H, Yamazaki N, Igarashi M, Tateda C. A Synthetic Retinoid Am80 (Tamibarotene) Rescues the Memory Deficit Caused by Scopolamine in a Passive Avoidance Paradigm. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:1887-9. [PMID: 15516744 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Memory deficit in rats treated with scopolamine was rescued by several synthetic retinoids, RAR-ligands (Am80, Am555S, Tp80) and an RXR-ligand (HX630). These results may have implications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, age-related dementia, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Shudo
- Research Foundation Itsuu Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan.
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