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Dnyaneshwar Patil N, Bains A, Kaur S, Yadav R, Ali N, Patil S, Goksen G, Chawla P. Influence of dual succinylation and ultrasonication modification on the amino acid content, structural and functional properties of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) protein concentrate. Food Chem 2024; 445:138671. [PMID: 38367556 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Chickpea protein, a valuable plant-based source, offers versatile applications, yet the impact of modifications like succinylation and ultrasonication on its properties remains unclear. This study explored dual succinylation and ultrasonication modification to enhance its functionality and application. Modified chickpea protein with a degree of succinylation of 96.75 %, showed enhanced water holding capacity 39.83 %, oil holding capacity 54.02 %, solubility 7.20 %, and emulsifying capacity 23.17 %, compared to native protein. Despite reduced amino acid content (64.50 %), particularly lysine, succinylation increased sulfhydryl by 1.74 %, reducing hydrophobicity (Ho) by 41.87 % and causing structural changes. Ultrasonication further reduced particle size by 82.57 % and increased zeta potential and amino acid content (57.47 %). The dual-modified protein exhibited a non-significant increase in antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (25.93 ± 1.36 mm) compared to the native protein (25.28 ± 1.05 mm). In conclusion, succinylation combined with ultrasonication offers a promising strategy to enhance chickpea protein's physicochemical properties for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Dnyaneshwar Patil
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Punjab 144411, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Punjab 144411, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Shoolini Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandip Patil
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yi Tian Road, Shenzhen 510038, China
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Punjab 144411, India.
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2
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Tavano O, Abellanas-Perez P, de Andrades D, Santiz-Gómez JA, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R. A review on the immobilization of bromelain. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133089. [PMID: 38878936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
This review shows the endeavors performed to prepare immobilized formulations of bromelain extract, usually from pineapple, and their use in diverse applications. This extract has a potent proteolytic component that is based on thiol proteases, which differ depending on the location on the fruit. Stem and fruit are the areas where higher activity is found. The edible origin of this enzyme is one of the features that determines the applications of the immobilized bromelain to a more significant degree. The enzyme has been immobilized on a wide diversity of supports via different strategies (covalent bonds, ion exchange), and also forming ex novo solids (nanoflowers, CLEAs, trapping in alginate beads, etc.). The use of preexisting nanoparticles as immobilization supports is relevant, as this facilitates one of the main applications of the immobilized enzyme, in therapeutic applications (as wound dressing and healing components, antibacterial or anticancer, mucus mobility control, etc.). A curiosity is the immobilization of this enzyme on spores of probiotic microorganisms via adsorption, in order to have a perfect in vivo compatibility. Other outstanding applications of the immobilized enzyme are in the stabilization of wine versus haze during storage, mainly when immobilized on chitosan. Curiously, the immobilized bromelain has been scarcely applied in the production of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | | | - Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - José Alfredo Santiz-Gómez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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3
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Yan S, Wu K, Han C, Guo J, Wang J, Yang X. Aggregation structure induced by heat treatments mediated the gastric digestion behavior of soybean protein. Food Funct 2024; 15:6731-6742. [PMID: 38836315 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The common belief that heat treatment enhances the gastric digestion of proteins is largely based on findings from animal proteins and may not apply to all proteins, particularly plant proteins. Here, we compared the digestion characteristics of soybean protein isolates (SPI) in an in vitro semi-dynamic digestion model and found distinct effects of heat treatment on the digestion properties of plant proteins. The results revealed that heat-treated SPIs formed clots during the early stages of digestion, although the clots gradually became smaller and looser as digestion progressed, the systems remained turbid at the end of gastric digestion, indicating the lag in their emptying. Furthermore, heat treatment altered the rheological properties of SPI, resulting in increased viscosity and slower gastric emptying. These effects became more pronounced with increasing heat treatment temperatures. The fluorescence spectrum analysis indicated that heat treatment altered its conformation. This led to protein unfolding and exposure of hydrophobic groups, facilitating the formation of larger aggregates during digestion. Additionally, heat treatment exposed more cleavage sites for gastric proteases, increasing the extent of hydrolysis. Elevated levels of free amino acids and a smaller molecular weight distribution further corroborated these findings. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the gastric digestion characteristics of plant proteins and the relationship between protein aggregation structure and the digestion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyueru Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Kaiyun Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Chuanwu Han
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jian Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jinmei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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4
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de Albuquerque Mendes MK, dos Santos Oliveira CB, da Silva Medeiros CM, Dantas C, Carrilho E, de Araujo Nogueira AR, Lopes Júnior CA, Vieira EC. Application of experimental design as a statistical approach to recover bioactive peptides from different food sources. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1559-1583. [PMID: 38623435 PMCID: PMC11016049 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BAPs) derived from samples of animals and plants have been widely recommended and consumed for their beneficial properties to human health and to control several diseases. This work presents the applications of experimental designs (DoE) used to perform factor screening and/or optimization focused on finding the ideal hydrolysis condition to obtain BAPs with specific biological activities. The collection and discussion of articles revealed that Box Behnken Desing and Central Composite Design were the most used. The main parameters evaluated were pH, time, temperature and enzyme/substrate ratio. Among vegetable protein sources, soy was the most used in the generation of BAPs, and among animal proteins, milk and shrimp stood out as the most explored sources. The degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity were the most investigated responses in obtaining BAPs. This review brings new information that helps researchers apply these DoE to obtain high-quality BAPs with the desired biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Clecio Dantas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão – UEMA, P.O. Box, 65604-380, Caxias, MA Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | | | - Cícero Alves Lopes Júnior
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí – UFPI, P.O. Box 64049-550, Teresina, PI Brazil
| | - Edivan Carvalho Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí – UFPI, P.O. Box 64049-550, Teresina, PI Brazil
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5
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Lee MK, Kim MJ, Oh WY, Lee J. Generation of volatiles from heated enzymatic hydrolysates of perilla meal with coconut oil in Maillard reaction system. Food Chem 2024; 440:138153. [PMID: 38103503 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Perilla meal hydrolysates (PMHs) were prepared by proteases; volatile profiles from heated mixtures of PMH and coconut oil (CO) were evaluated for their application as odor providers. Amino acids composition and degree of hydrolysis, and antioxidant activity in O/W emulsion of PMHs were assessed. PMHs were heated with different concentration of CO or with CO, xylose, and cysteine, which were non-Maillard and Maillard system, respectively. Among PMHs, double enzyme treatment using Alcalase and Flavourzyme showed higher degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity compared to PMHs from one type of enzymes. The presence of CO significantly increased oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen-containing volatiles from PMHs in non-Maillard system. In case of Maillard system, PMHs with 10 % (w/w) CO contributed the formation of oxygen and nitrogen-containing volatiles such as furan and 2-methylpyrazine. PMHs might serve as an odor generator in the presence of edible oils like CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Kyu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Womens University, Republic of Korea.
| | - JaeHwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Zhou P, Li D, Zhang C, Ping Q, Wang L, Li Y. Comparison of different sewage sludge pretreatment technologies for improving sludge solubilization and anaerobic digestion efficiency: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171175. [PMID: 38402967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge reduces organic solids and produces methane, but the complex nature of sludge, especially the difficulty in solubilization, limits AD efficiency. Pretreatments, by destroying sludge structure and promoting disintegration and hydrolysis, are valuable strategies to enhance AD performance. There is a plethora of reviews on sludge pretreatments, however, quantitative comparisons from multiple perspectives across different pretreatments remain scarce. This review categorized various pretreatments into three groups: Physical (ultrasonic, microwave, thermal hydrolysis, electric decomposition, and high pressure homogenization), chemical (acid, alkali, Fenton, calcium peroxide, and ozone), and biological (microaeration, exogenous bacteria, and exogenous hydrolase) pretreatments. The optimal conditions of various pretreatments and their impacts on enhancing AD efficiency were summarized; the effects of different pretreatments on microbial community in the AD system were comprehensively compared. The quantitative comparison based on dissolution degree of COD (DDCOD) indicted that the sludge solubilization performance is in the order of physical, chemical, and biological pretreatments, although with each below 40 % DDCOD. Biological pretreatment, particularly microaeration and exogenous bacteria, excel in AD enhancement. Pretreatments alter microbial ecology, favoring Firmicutes and Methanosaeta (acetotrophic methanogens) over Proteobacteria and Methanobacterium (hydrogenotrophic methanogens). Most pretreatments have unfavorable energy and economic outcomes, with electric decomposition and microaeration being exceptions. On the basis of the overview of the above pretreatments, a full energy and economy assessment for sewage sludge treatment was suggested. Finally, challenges associated with sludge pretreatments and AD were analyzed, and future research directions were proposed. This review may broaden comprehension of sludge pretreatments and AD, and provide an objective basis for the selection of sludge pretreatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Dunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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7
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Bilal M, Qamar SA, Carballares D, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Proteases immobilized on nanomaterials for biocatalytic, environmental and biomedical applications: Advantages and drawbacks. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108304. [PMID: 38135131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Proteases have gained significant scientific and industrial interest due to their unique biocatalytic characteristics and broad-spectrum applications in different industries. The development of robust nanobiocatalytic systems by attaching proteases onto various nanostructured materials as fascinating and novel nanocarriers has demonstrated exceptional biocatalytic performance, substantial stability, and ease of recyclability over multiple reaction cycles under different chemical and physical conditions. Proteases immobilized on nanocarriers may be much more resistant to denaturation caused by extreme temperatures or pH values, detergents, organic solvents, and other protein denaturants than free enzymes. Immobilized proteases may present a lower inhibition. The use of non-porous materials in the immobilization prevents diffusion and steric hindrances during the binding of the substrate to the active sites of enzymes compared to immobilization onto porous materials; when using very large or solid substrates, orientation of the enzyme must always be adequate. The advantages and problems of the immobilization of proteases on nanoparticles are discussed in this review. The continuous and batch reactor operations of nanocarrier-immobilized proteases have been successfully investigated for a variety of applications in the leather, detergent, biomedical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Information about immobilized proteases on various nanocarriers and nanomaterials has been systematically compiled here. Furthermore, different industrial applications of immobilized proteases have also been highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- Department of Environmental, Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Diego Carballares
- Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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8
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Tavano O, Murcia ÁB, Torrestina-Sánchez B, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Peptides with biological and technofunctional properties produced by bromelain hydrolysis of proteins from different sources: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127244. [PMID: 37806416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Bromelains are cysteine peptidases with endopeptidase action (a subfamily of papains), obtained from different parts of vegetable belonging to the Bromeliaceae family. They have some intrinsic medical activity, but this review is focused on their application (individually or mixed with other proteases) to produce bioactive peptides. When compared to other proteases, perhaps due to the fact that they are commercialized as an extract containing several proteases, the hydrolysates produced by this enzyme tends to have higher bioactivities than other common proteases. The peptides and the intensity of their final properties depend on the substrate protein and reaction conditions, being the degree of hydrolysis a determining parameter (but not always positive or negative). The produced peptides may have diverse activities such as antioxidant, antitumoral, antihypertensive or antimicrobial ones, among others or they may be utilized to improve the organoleptic properties of foods and feeds. Evolution of the use of this enzyme in this application is proposed to be based on a more intense direct application of Bromeliaceae extract, without the cost associated to enzyme purification, and the use of immobilized biocatalysts of the enzyme by simplifying the enzyme recovery and reuse, and also making the sequential hydrolysis using diverse proteases possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Dalaka E, Stefos GC, Politis I, Theodorou G. Effect of Milk Origin and Seasonality of Yogurt Acid Whey on Antioxidant Activity before and after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2130. [PMID: 38136249 PMCID: PMC10740864 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Yogurt acid whey (YAW) is a by-product of Greek strained yogurt production. The disposal of YAW constitutes an environmental problem, and given the increasing demand of Greek yogurt worldwide, its handling is a challenge. However, whey-derived peptides, resulting from microbial fermentation as well as those resulting from further hydrolysis during the digestion process, have been linked to enhanced biological activities. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of 33 samples of YAW obtained from Greek dairy companies of bovine, ovine or caprine origin was investigated using both cell-free and cell-based assays. The YAW samples, their in vitro digestion products (YAW-Ds) and a fraction of the digests (less than 3 kDa; YAW-D-P3) were assessed using four biochemical assays, namely ORAC, ABTS, FRAP and P-FRAP. Our data revealed a higher antioxidant capacity for digested samples compared with undigested samples, with all four methods. ORAC values after in vitro digestion were higher for the ovine samples compared to their bovine (YAW-D and YAW-D-P3) and caprine (YAW-D-P3) counterparts. Furthermore, the YAW-D-P3 fraction derived from samples collected in the summer months exhibited higher ORAC values when compared to the respective fraction from the winter months' samples. The cellular antioxidant activity of ovine YAW-D-P3 was improved in H2O2-treated HT29 cells compared to the control H2O2-treated cells. However, YAW-D-P3 could not trigger either the pathways involving the transcription factors NF-κB or NFE2L2 or the gene expression of SOD1, CAT and HMOX1 in LPS-challenged THP-1-derived macrophages. These results suggest that YAW, and particularly YAW from ovine origin, could be used as a natural source for its antioxidant potential in human and animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georgios Theodorou
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (I.P.)
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10
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Sakai K, Okada M, Yamaguchi S. Protein-glutaminase improves water-/oil-holding capacity and beany off-flavor profiles of plant-based meat analogs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294637. [PMID: 38055653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An unresolved challenge for plant-based meat analogs (PBMAs) is their lack of juiciness. Saturated fats significantly contribute to the juiciness of PBMAs, but there are concerns about the undesirable health effects related to saturated fats; thus, demand for their replacement with vegetable unsaturated oils has increased. Although many food additives are used to reduce the leakage of unsaturated oils, this solution cannot meet the clean-label requirements that have been trending in recent years. In this study, we aimed to develop better consumer-acceptable methods using protein-glutaminase (PG) to improve the juiciness of PBMA patties to meet clean-label trends. We found no significant difference between the visual surface of control and PG-treated textured vegetable proteins (TVPs). However, the microstructure of PG-treated TVP had a more rounded shape than that of the control TVP as observed under a scanning electron microscope. After grilling process, the PBMA patties composed of PG-treated TVP showed significantly higher liquid-holding capacities (a juiciness indicator) than the control patties. This suggested that PG treatment could potentially produce PBMA patties with increased juiciness. Interestingly, after the PG-treated TVP underwent the wash process, we found that PG treatment of TVP easily reduced the various beany off-flavor compounds by 58-85%. Moreover, the results of the in vitro protein digestion test showed that the amounts of free amino nitrogen released from PBMA patties composed of PG-treated TVP were 1.5- and 1.7-fold higher than those from control patties in the gastric and intestinal phases, respectively. These findings indicate that PG treatment of TVP could enhance the physical, sensory, and nutritional properties of PBMA patties and meet the clean-label requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyota Sakai
- Amano Enzyme Inc. Innovation Center, Kakamigahara, Japan
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11
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Simms C, Mullaliu A, de de Azambuja F, Aquilanti G, Parac-Vogt TN. Green, Safe, and Reliable Synthesis of Bimetallic MOF-808 Nanozymes With Enhanced Aqueous Stability and Reactivity for Biological Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2307236. [PMID: 37974471 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising nanomaterials whose reactivity towards biomolecules remains challenging due to issues related to synthesis, stability, control over metal oxidation state, phase purity, and atomic level characterization. Here, these shortcomings are rationally addressed through development of a synthesis of mixed metal Zr/Ce-MOFs in aqueous environment, overcoming significant hurdles in the development of MOF nanozymes, sufficiently stable on biologically relevant conditions. Specifically, a green and safe synthesis of Zr/Ce-MOF-808 is reported in water/acetic acid mixture which affords remarkably water-stable materials with reliable nanozymatic reactivity, including MOFs with a high Ce content previously reported to be unstable in water. The new materials outperform analogous bimetallic MOF nanozymes, showcasing that rational synthesis modifications could impart outstanding improvements. Further, atomic-level characterization by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed superior nanozymes arise from differences in the synthetic method, which results in aqueous stable materials, and Ce incorporation, which perturbs the ligand exchange dynamics of the material, and could ultimately be used to fine tune the intrinsic MOF reactivity. Similar rational strategies which leverage metals in a synergistic manner should enable other water-stable bimetallic MOF nanozymes able to surpass existing ones, laying the path for varied biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simms
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Angelo Mullaliu
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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12
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Xu Y, Yang Y, Ma CM, Bian X, Liu XF, Wang Y, Chen FL, Wang B, Zhang G, Zhang N. Characterization of the structure, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity of soy (Glycine max L.) protein hydrolysates. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113473. [PMID: 37803796 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to hydrolyze soy isolate protein (SPI) using five enzymes (alcalase, pepsin, trypsin, papain, and bromelain) in order to obtain five enzymatic hydrolysates and to elucidate the effect of enzymes on structural and biological activities of the resulting hydrolysates. The antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of the soy protein isolate hydrolysates (SPIEHs) were evaluated through in silico analysis, revealing that the alcalase hydrolysate exhibited the highest potential, followed by the papain and bromelain hydrolysates. Subsequently, the degree of hydrolysis (DH), molecular weight distribution (MWD), amino acid composition, structure, antioxidant activities, and hypoglycemic activity in vitro of SPIEHs were analyzed. After enzymatic treatment, the particle size, polymer dispersity index (PDI), ζ-potentials, β-sheet content and α-helix content of SPIEHs was decreased, and the maximum emission wavelength of all SPIEHs exhibited red-shifted, which all suggesting the structure of SPIEHs was unfolded. More total amino acids (TAAs), aromatic amino acids (AAAs), and hydrophobic amino acids (HAAs) were found in alcalase hydrolysate. For 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, metal ion chelating activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity, alcalase hydrolysate had the lowest IC50; alcalase hydrolysate and papain hydrolysate had the lowest IC50 for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Physiological activity of SPIEHs was evaluated thoroughly by 5-Axe cobweb charts, and the results revealed that alcalase hydrolysate exhibited the greatest biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Chun-Min Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Xin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Feng-Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China.
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Han J, Gu Y, Yang C, Meng L, Ding R, Wang Y, Shi K, Yao H. Single-atom nanozymes: classification, regulation strategy, and safety concerns. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9840-9866. [PMID: 37822275 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01644g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes, nanomaterials possessing enzymatic activity, have been studied extensively by researchers. However, their complex composition, low density of active sites, and inadequate substrate selectivity have hindered the maturation and widespread acceptance of nanozymes. Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with atomically dispersed active sites are leading the field of catalysis due to their exceptional performance. The maximum utilization rate of atoms, low cost, well-defined coordination structure, and active sites are the most prominent advantages of SAzymes that researchers favor. This review systematically categorizes SAzymes based on their support type and describes their specific applications. Additionally, we discuss regulation strategies for SAzyme activity and provide a comprehensive summary of biosafety challenges associated with these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Han
- College of public health, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yaohua Gu
- College of public health, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Changyi Yang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lingchen Meng
- College of public health, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Runmei Ding
- College of public health, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of public health, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Keren Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Huiqin Yao
- College of public health, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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14
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Rodjan P, Sangkanu S, Mitsuwan W, Pongpom M, Saengsawang P, Tedja I, Lamai J, Pruksaphon K, Jeenkeawpieam J. Antibacterial and antivirulence factor activities of protein hydrolysates from Phatthalung Sangyod rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seeds against zoonotic and foodborne pathogens. Vet World 2023; 16:2002-2015. [PMID: 38023279 PMCID: PMC10668558 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2002-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging public health threat. Foodborne illnesses are typically caused by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequently resistant to common antimicrobial agents. Rice is a staple grain in most parts of the world. Our previous work showed that Phatthalung Sangyod rice seed protein hydrolysates (SYPs), especially SYP4, exhibit antifungal activity against several fungal species that are pathogenic for both humans and animals and are non-cytotoxic to animal red blood cells. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of the bioactive peptides in SYPs against several pathogenic bacteria in humans and animals. Materials and Methods After isolating SYP1, it was treated as follows: heated (SYP2), and hydrolyzed using pepsin (SYP3), and proteinase K (SYP4). Then, we used 500 μg of protein to evaluate the antibacterial effects on four pathogenic bacteria, including E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, and S. aureus, using agar well diffusion. Using a broth microdilution assay, we determined the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC, respectively) values of active SYPs. Using the agar well diffusion and microtube incubation methods, we also assessed the inhibitory effects of SYPs on the bacterial quorum sensing (QS) activity of Chromobacterium violaceum. Sangyod rice seed protein hydrolysates were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the biofilm formation of bacterial cells by a crytal violet assay. Furthermore, using the dropping method, we tested the inhibitory effects of SYPs on the bacterial pigments pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa and staphyloxanthin in S. aureus. Results Our results showed that the crude protein lysate (SYP1) did not exhibit antibacterial activity against any of the test bacteria. Intriguingly, after boiling (SYP2) and enzymatic hydrolysis (SYP3 and SYP4), the protein hydrolysates were transformed into bioactive peptides and displayed antibacterial properties against all of the test bacteria at a concentration of 500 μg as determined by agar well diffusion. SYP4 demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity as it completely inhibited all test strains, with inhibition zones ranging from 16.88 ± 0.25 to 21.25 ± 0.5 mm, and also yielded the highest MIC/MBC values against P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, and E. coli, at 256 and >256 μg/mL, respectively. We observed that at least 256 μg/mL of SYP4 is required to exhibit optimal antibacterial activity. At 16-128 μg/mL, it exhibited antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. Furthermore, at 256 μg/mL, SYP4 inhibited pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa and staphyloxanthin in S. aureus. Although SYP2 and SYP3 displayed weak antibacterial activity and their MIC values could not be obtained for all bacteria, they showed strong QS inhibition in C. violaceum at 256 μg protein. Moreover, SYP2 and SYP3, at a minimum concentration of 32 μg/mL, significantly reduced violacein production. SYP3 also showed biofilm reduction activity on S. aureus at least 16-512 μg/mL. Conclusion Sangyod Phatthalung protein hydrolysates exerted excellent inhibitory effects against the growth of bacteria and their virulence factors, such as QS, biofilm formation, and/or pigment production. These factors include zoonotic and foodborne pathogens. Therefore, daily consumption of Sangyod Phatthalung rice might reduce the risk of bacterial pathogenesis and foodborne diseases. In conclusion, functional foods or alternate methods of treating bacterial illnesses may be developed in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawit Rodjan
- School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bio-active Compound, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Suthinee Sangkanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bio-active Compound, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Monsicha Pongpom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Phirabhat Saengsawang
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Irma Tedja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jarunet Lamai
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Kritsada Pruksaphon
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Juthatip Jeenkeawpieam
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bio-active Compound, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
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15
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Rivera-Pérez C, Ponce González XP, Hernández-Savedra NY. Antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity of bioactive peptides derived from abalone viscera (Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis corrugata). Sci Rep 2023; 13:15185. [PMID: 37704667 PMCID: PMC10499822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides have been studied in several sources due to their valuable potential in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Abalone viscera, which are normally discarded as byproducts, are a rich source of protein. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the potential bioactivity of peptides derived from abalone viscera (Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis corrugata) after hydrolysis with a commercial mixture of enzymes. The hydrolysates obtained were fractionated using gel filtration chromatography. The resulting hydrolysate fractions were investigated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, including the expression of gelatinases mmp-2 and mmp-9 in human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). Results showed antimicrobial activity for protein fractions of H. corrugata against Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomona aeuroginosa (66.2-116.25 kDa), Bacillus subtilis (6.5-21.5 kDa), and Aspergillus niger (97.4-116.25 kDa), while H. fulgens peptide fractions (200-31 kDa) displayed activity against six bacterial strains, and fractions from 116.25 to 21.5 kDa had effects on the fungus A. niger, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus flavus. Additionally, protein fractions displayed cytotoxic activity, inhibiting 30.4-53.8% of PC3 cellular growth. Selected fractions decreased the PMA-induced and not-induced expressions of mmp-2 and mmp-9 in PC3 cells. Abalone viscera, as byproducts, can be used as a potential source of antimicrobial and anticancer peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisalejandra Rivera-Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, C.P. 23096, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Xolotl Paloma Ponce González
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, C.P. 23096, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Norma Yolanda Hernández-Savedra
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, C.P. 23096, La Paz, BCS, México.
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16
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Dalaka E, Politis I, Theodorou G. Antioxidant Activity of Sweet Whey Derived from Bovine, Ovine and Caprine Milk Obtained from Various Small-Scale Cheese Plants in Greece before and after In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1676. [PMID: 37759979 PMCID: PMC10525972 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Whey-derived peptides have been associated with different biological properties, but most peptides are usually further hydrolyzed during the digestive process. In the present study, the antioxidant capacity of 48 samples of sweet whey (SW) derived from cheeses obtained from small-scale cheese plants made with bovine, ovine, caprine or a mixture of ovine/caprine milk was assessed using both cell-free and cell-based assays. SW digestates (SW-Ds) and a fraction (<3 kDa; SW-D-P3) thereof were obtained after in vitro digestion and subsequent ultrafiltration. Antioxidant properties using four different assays were evaluated before and after digestion. Our data showed higher values (p < 0.05) for ORAC, ABTS, FRAP and P-FRAP after in vitro digestion (SW-Ds and SW-D-P3) when compared with the corresponding values before digestion. In the non-digested SW, ORAC values were higher (p < 0.05) for the bovine SW compared with all the other samples. In contrast, the ABTS assay indicated a higher antioxidant activity for the ovine SW both before digestion and for SW-D-P3 compared with the bovine SW. The fraction SW-D-P3 of the ovine SW, using HT29 cells and H2O2 as an oxidizing agent, increased (p < 0.05) the cellular antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the same fraction of the ovine/caprine mixed SW increased, through the NF-κB pathway, the expression of SOD1 and CAT, genes implicated in the oxidative response in macrophage-like THP-1 cells. These findings indicate that SW, and particularly bovine and ovine SW, could be a candidate source for physical antioxidants in human and animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georgios Theodorou
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (I.P.)
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17
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Gouseti O, Larsen ME, Amin A, Bakalis S, Petersen IL, Lametsch R, Jensen PE. Applications of Enzyme Technology to Enhance Transition to Plant Proteins: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:2518. [PMID: 37444256 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the plant-based food market grows, demand for plant protein is also increasing. Proteins are a major component in foods and are key to developing desired structures and textures. Seed storage proteins are the main plant proteins in the human diet. They are abundant in, for example, legumes or defatted oilseeds, which makes them an excellent candidate to use in the development of novel plant-based foods. However, they often have low and inflexible functionalities, as in nature they are designed to remain densely packed and inert within cell walls until they are needed during germination. Enzymes are often used by the food industry, for example, in the production of cheese or beer, to modify ingredient properties. Although they currently have limited applications in plant proteins, interest in the area is exponentially increasing. The present review first considers the current state and potential of enzyme utilization related to plant proteins, including uses in protein extraction and post-extraction modifications. Then, relevant opportunities and challenges are critically discussed. The main challenges relate to the knowledge gap, the high cost of enzymes, and the complexity of plant proteins as substrates. The overall aim of this review is to increase awareness, highlight challenges, and explore ways to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Gouseti
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Emil Larsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ashwitha Amin
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Serafim Bakalis
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene Lametsch
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Cui Q, Zhang Z, Li M, Zhou M, Sun X. Peptide profiles and allergy-reactivity of extensive hydrolysates of milk protein. Food Chem 2023; 411:135544. [PMID: 36701919 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Milk protein concentrate (MPC) is one of the major allergens in food. This study aimed to analyze the peptide profiles and potential allergenicity of the extensive hydrolysates of MPC (EMPHs) using the peptidomics approach. Results demonstrated that when the hydrolysis time was 4 h, the degree of hydrolysis of the four EMPHs (AX, Alcalase-Protamex), (AD, Alcalase-Protease A 2SD), (AE, Alcalase-Flavourzyme) and (AH, Alcalase-ProteAXH) were 12.45 %, 18.48 %, 18.87 % and 16.77 %, respectively. The results of size exclusion chromatography showed no significant difference, when the hydrolysis time exceeded 3 h. A total of 16 allergic peptides were identified in the EMPHs by LC-MS/MS. The peptide profiles and the coverage of master protein of the four EMPHs were different. The results of the enzyme-linked immunoassay and KU812 cell model showed that the allergenicity of the EMPHs samples was significantly reduced. This study provided strong support for the application of EMPHs in hypoallergenic formula foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cui
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Meiliang Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Man Zhou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Beidahuang Wandashan Dairy Co., Ltd, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150078, China.
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19
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Tahsiri Z, Niakousari M, Niakowsari A. Magnetic graphene oxide, a suitable support in ficin immobilization. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16971. [PMID: 37484313 PMCID: PMC10361020 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to develop a fast, non-toxic ultrasonic-assisted technique for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) and GO that were accessorized with Fe3O4 (GO-Fe3O4) for enzyme immobilization. The structural properties of nanosheets were determined by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Immobilized enzymes on the GO-Fe3O4 and GO were counted. Enzyme activity, reusability, and improvements in enzyme stability were studied. According to the results, the immobilization efficiency was 256.86 mg ficin/GO (g), and 253.63 mg ficin/GO-Fe3O4 (g). Furthermore, immobilized ficin was affected in terms of stability by variations in pH and temperature. The immobilized ficin on the GO-Fe3O4 could be easily recycled from the reaction medium by applying external magnetic separation, involving 10 cycles for 120 days. Over this period and with this number of cycles, the immobilized enzyme on the GO-Fe3O4 retained 74% of its original activity, whereas the immobilized enzyme on the GO was recycled from the reaction medium after centrifuging, thereby retaining 70% of its original activity. Thus, GO and GO-Fe3O4 nanosheets were obtained efficiently from the ultrasonic-assisted technique and can be regarded as excellent nanocarriers for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Tahsiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Niakousari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Niakowsari
- Departments of Communication and Electronics, School of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Irazoqui JM, Eberhardt MF, Santiago GM, Amadio AF. Characterization of novel proteases identified by metagenomic analysis from dairy stabilization ponds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12591-4. [PMID: 37231159 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cheese whey is the main by-product of dairy industries. It is used as a raw material for other value-added products, like whey protein concentrate. By using enzymes, this product can be further treated to obtain new higher value products, like whey protein hydrolysates. Proteases (EC: 3.4) represent a large segment of industrial enzymes, since they are used in several industries, including food. In this work, we describe three novel enzymes identified using a metagenomic approach. Metagenomic DNA from dairy industry stabilization ponds were sequenced, and the predicted genes were compared against the MEROPS database, focusing on families commercially used to produce whey protein hydrolysates. From a total of 849 candidates, 10 were selected for cloning and expression and three showed activities with both the chromogenic substrate, azocasein, and whey proteins. Particularly, Pr05, an enzyme from the yet uncultured phylum Patescibacteria, showed activity that is comparable to a commercial protease. All these novel enzymes could represent an alternative for dairy industries to produce value-added products from industrial by-products. KEY POINTS: • Over 19,000 proteases were predicted in a sequence-based metagenomic analysis. • Three proteases were successfully expressed and showed activity with whey proteins. • The enzyme Pr05 showed hydrolysis profiles of interest for food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Matías Irazoqui
- Instituto de Investigación de La Cadena Láctea (CONICET-INTA), 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | | | | | - Ariel Fernando Amadio
- Instituto de Investigación de La Cadena Láctea (CONICET-INTA), 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
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21
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of silkworm pupa and its allergenicity evaluation by animal model with different immunization routes. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Salazar Marcano D, Savić ND, Abdelhameed SAM, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Exploring the Reactivity of Polyoxometalates toward Proteins: From Interactions to Mechanistic Insights. JACS AU 2023; 3:978-990. [PMID: 37124292 PMCID: PMC10131212 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the study of the reactivity of metal-oxo clusters toward proteins showcase how fundamental insights obtained so far open new opportunities in biotechnology and medicine. In this Perspective, these studies are discussed through the lens of the reactivity of a family of soluble anionic metal-oxo nanoclusters known as polyoxometalates (POMs). POMs act as catalysts in a wide range of reactions with several different types of biomolecules and have promising therapeutic applications due to their antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. However, the lack of a detailed understanding of the mechanisms behind biochemically relevant reactions-particularly with complex biological systems such as proteins-still hinders further developments. Hence, in this Perspective, special attention is given to reactions of POMs with peptides and proteins showcasing a molecular-level understanding of the reaction mechanism. In doing so, we aim to highlight both existing limitations and promising directions of future research on the reactivity of metal-oxo clusters toward proteins and beyond.
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23
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Li C, Tu Z, Liu W, Wu C, Hu Y, Wang H. Flavor substances of low-valued red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) hydrolysates derived from double enzymatic systems. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112461. [PMID: 36869477 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To make better use of low-valued crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), double enzymatic systems containing endopeptidase and Flavourzyme® were applied to investigate their effect on the physicochemical properties and volatile substances of low-valued crayfish. The results demonstrated that the double enzymatic hydrolysis had a positive effect on reduced bitterness and increased umami. Among them, the highest degree of hydrolysis (31.67 %) was obtained using trypsin and Flavourzyme® (TF), which showed 96.32 % of peptides with molecular weight < 0.5 kDa and 101.99 mg/g of free amino acids. The quality and quantity analysis showed that the types and relative contents of volatile compounds especially benzaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, nonanal, hexanal, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanonewere increased in the double enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the increase of esters and pyrazines was also found in gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). The results indicated that different enzymatic systems could be performed to enhance the flavor substances of low-valued crayfish. In conclusion, double enzymatic hydrolysis may be used as an advisable technique to promote the high-value utilization of low-valued crayfish and provides valuable information for the shrimp products requiring enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zongcai Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-Value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Ji'an Agricultural and Rural Industry Development Service Center, Ji'an 343000, China
| | - Chunlin Wu
- Ji'an Agricultural and Rural Industry Development Service Center, Ji'an 343000, China
| | - Yueming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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24
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Van De Walle S, Broucke K, Baune MC, Terjung N, Van Royen G, Boukid F. Microalgae protein digestibility: How to crack open the black box? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7149-7171. [PMID: 38975868 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are booming as a sustainable protein source for human nutrition and animal feed. Nevertheless, certain strains were reported to have robust cell walls limiting protein digestibility. There are several disruption approaches to break down the cell integrity and increase digestive enzyme accessibility. This review's intent is to discuss the digestibility of microalgae proteins in intact cells and after their disruption. In intact single cells, the extent of protein digestibility is chiefly related to cell wall structural properties (differing among strains) as well as digestion method and when added to food or feed protein digestibility changes depending on the matrix's composition. The degree of effectiveness of the disruption method varies among studies, and it is complicated to compare them due to variabilities in digestibility models, strains, disruption method/conditions and their consequent impact on the microalgae cell structure. More exhaustive studies are still required to fill knowledge gaps on the structure of microalgal cell walls and to find efficient and cost-effective disruption technologies to increase proteins availability without hindering their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Van De Walle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Keshia Broucke
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Nino Terjung
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Geert Van Royen
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
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25
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Aung SH, Abeyrathne EDNS, Ali M, Ahn DU, Choi YS, Nam KC. Comparison of Functional Properties of Blood Plasma Collected from Black Goat and Hanwoo Cattle. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:46-60. [PMID: 36789192 PMCID: PMC9890370 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Slaughterhouse blood is a by-product of animal slaughter that can be a good source of animal protein. This research purposed to examine the functional qualities of the blood plasma from Hanwoo cattle, black goat, and their hydrolysates. Part of the plasma was hydrolyzed with proteolytic enzymes (Bacillus protease, papain, thermolysin, elastase, and α-chymotrypsin) to yield bioactive peptides under optimum conditions. The levels of hydrolysates were evaluated by 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antioxidant, metal-chelating, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties of intact blood plasma and selected hydrolysates were investigated. Accordingly, two plasma hydrolysates by protease (pH 6.5/55°C/3 h) and thermolysin (pH 7.5/37°C/3-6 h) were selected for analysis of their functional properties. In the oil model system, only goat blood plasma had lower levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the control. The diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in cattle and goat plasma than in proteolytic hydrolysates. Ironchelating activities increased after proteolytic degradation except for protease-treated cattle blood. Copper-chelating activity was excellent in all test samples except for the original bovine plasma. As for ACE inhibition, only non-hydrolyzed goat plasma and its hydrolysates by thermolysin showed ACE inhibitory activity (9.86±5.03% and 21.77±3.74%). In conclusion, goat plasma without hydrolyzation and its hydrolysates can be a good source of bioactive compounds with functional characteristics, whereas cattle plasma has a relatively low value. Further studies on the molecular structure of these compounds are needed with more suitable enzyme combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shine Htet Aung
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea,Department of Zoology, Kyaukse
University, Kyaukse 05151, Myanmar
| | - Edirisinghe Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea,Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa
University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Mahabbat Ali
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea,Department of Animal Production and
Management, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207,
Bangladesh
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State
University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Young-Sun Choi
- Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and
Extension Services, Gangjin 59213, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea,Corresponding author: Ki-Chang
Nam, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University,
Suncheon 57922, Korea, Tel: +82-61-750-3231, Fax: +82-61-750-3231, E-mail:
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26
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Darwish AMG, El Enshasy HA, Gomaa MAE, Mefleh M. Editorial: Sports nutrition and sustainability: Steps towards a healthier planet. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1146970. [PMID: 36909355 PMCID: PMC9998972 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1146970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Galal Darwish
- Food Industry Technology Program, Faculty of Industrial and Energy Technology, Borg Al Arab Technological University (BATU), Alexandria, Egypt.,Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Application (SRTA-City), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.,Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed A E Gomaa
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Saba Basha, Egypt
| | - Marina Mefleh
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (Di.S.S.P.A.), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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27
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Shen LH, Zhu YK, You LC, Zhang Y, Qian BL, Xiao JB, Zou LK, Cao SZ, Peng GN, Yu SM, Zuo ZC, Ma XP, Zhong ZJ, Ren ZH, Wang Y, Liu HF, Zhou ZY, Cai DJ, Zong XL, Deng JL. Establishment of an enzymatic hydrolysis evaluation index for dairy cows’ placental hydrolysates. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2132950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-hong Shen
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-kun Zhu
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu-chao You
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-lin Qian
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-bang Xiao
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-kou Zou
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sui-zhong Cao
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-neng Peng
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-min Yu
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-cai Zuo
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-ping Ma
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-jun Zhong
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-hua Ren
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Wang
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-feng Liu
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-yao Zhou
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-jie Cai
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-lan Zong
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-liang Deng
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Potential Role of Bioactive Proteins and Peptides Derived from Legumes towards Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245271. [PMID: 36558429 PMCID: PMC9782127 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes have been widely consumed and used to isolate bioactive compounds, mainly proteins. The aim of this study was to review the beneficial actions of different legumes proteins and peptides updating the main findings that correlate legumes consumption and the effects on non-transmissible chronic diseases, specifically metabolic syndrome. An exhaustive revision of five relevant bioactivities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic -all of them linked to metabolic syndrome- and antitumoral) of proteins and peptides from legumes focused on isolation and purification, enzymatic hydrolysis and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was carried out. The promising potential of bioactive hydrolysates and peptides from pulses has been demonstrated by in vitro tests. However, only a few studies validated these biological activities using animal models. No clinical trials have been carried out yet; so further research is required to elucidate their effective health implications.
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29
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Duan Y, Cheng H. Preparation of immobilized pepsin for extraction of collagen from bovine hide. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34548-34556. [PMID: 36545603 PMCID: PMC9713359 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05744a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the extraction of collagens from mammalian tissues, the free pepsin used in the acid-pepsin extraction system is hard to recycle, and there is a risk of enzyme protein contamination in the extracted collagen products, which limits their applications. To solve this problem, an immobilized pepsin was successfully prepared via the covalent crosslinking of glutaraldehyde using a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) surface modified silica clay as the support. The immobilized pepsin was applied for the extraction of collagen from bovine hide. The optimal immobilization process involves incubating pepsin with an initial concentration of 35 mg mL-1 and glutaraldehyde with 5% activated APTES modified silica clay at 25 °C for 60 min, by which the loading amount of pepsin was 220 mg g-1 and the activity of the immobilized pepsin was 4.2 U mg-1. The collagen extracted using acetic acid and the immobilized pepsin method retained its complete triple helix structure. This research thus details an effective separation method using pepsin for extraction of collagen via an acetic acid-enzyme method, where the extracted collagen may be a candidate for use in biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Haiming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China,National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China
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30
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Dini I, De Biasi MG, Mancusi A. An Overview of the Potentialities of Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Natural Sources. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1483. [PMID: 36358138 PMCID: PMC9686932 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are constituents of the innate immune system in every kind of living organism. They can act by disrupting the microbial membrane or without affecting membrane stability. Interest in these small peptides stems from the fear of antibiotics and the emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. Through membrane or metabolic disruption, they defend an organism against invading bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. High efficacy and specificity, low drug interaction and toxicity, thermostability, solubility in water, and biological diversity suggest their applications in food, medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture. Nanocarriers can be used to protect, deliver, and improve their bioavailability effectiveness. High cost of production could limit their use. This review summarizes the natural sources, structures, modes of action, and applications of microbial peptides in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Any restrictions on AMPs' large-scale production are also taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Mancusi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
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31
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Yu C, Zheng L, Cai Y, Zhao Q, Zhao M. Desirable characteristics of casein peptides with simultaneously enhanced emulsion forming ability and antioxidative capacity in O/W emulsion. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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Majura JJ, Cao W, Chen Z, Htwe KK, Li W, Du R, Zhang P, Zheng H, Gao J. The current research status and strategies employed to modify food-derived bioactive peptides. Front Nutr 2022; 9:950823. [PMID: 36118740 PMCID: PMC9479208 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.950823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of bioactive peptides to exert biological functions has mainly contributed to their exploitation. The exploitation and utilization of these peptides have grown tremendously over the past two decades. Food-derived peptides from sources such as plant, animal, and marine proteins and their byproducts constitute a more significant portion of the naturally-occurring peptides that have been documented. Due to their high specificity and biocompatibility, these peptides serve as a suitable alternative to pharmacological drugs for treating non-communicable diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and cancer). They are helpful as food preservatives, ingredients in functional foods, and dietary supplements in the food sector. Despite their unique features, the application of these peptides in the clinical and food sector is to some extent hindered by their inherent drawbacks such as toxicity, bitterness, instability, and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. Several strategies have been employed to eliminate or reduce the disadvantages of peptides, thus enhancing the peptide bioactivity and broadening the opportunities for their applications. This review article focuses on the current research status of various bioactive peptides and the strategies that have been implemented to overcome their disadvantages. It will also highlight future perspectives regarding the possible improvements to be made for the development of bioactive peptides with practical uses and their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieth Joram Majura
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenhong Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang, China
- National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhongqin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang, China
- National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Kyi Kyi Htwe
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ran Du
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huina Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang, China
- National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialong Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang, China
- National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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33
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Chukwunonso Ossai I, Shahul Hamid F, Hassan A. Valorisation of keratinous wastes: A sustainable approach towards a circular economy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 151:81-104. [PMID: 35933837 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The valorisation of keratinous wastes involves biorefining and recovering the bioresource materials from the keratinous wastes to produce value-added keratin-based bioproducts with a broad application, distribution, and marketability potential. Valorisation of keratinous wastes increases the value of the wastes and enables more sustainable waste management towards a circular bioeconomy. The abundance of keratinous wastes as feedstock from agro-industrial processing, wool processing, and grooming industry benefits biorefinery and extraction of keratins, which could be the optimal solution for developing an ecologically and economically sustainable keratin-based economy. The transition from the current traditional linear models that are deleterious to the environment, which end energy and resources recovery through disposal by incineration and landfilling, to a more sustainable and closed-loop recycling and recovery approach that minimises pollution, disposal challenges, loss of valuable bioresources and potential revenues are required. The paper provides an overview of keratinous wastes and the compositional keratin proteins with the descriptions of the various keratin extraction methods in biorefinery and functional material synthesis, including enzymatic and microbial hydrolysis, chemical hydrolysis (acid/alkaline hydrolysis, dissolution in ionic liquids, oxidative and sulphitolysis) and chemical-free hydrolysis (steam explosion and ultrasonic). The study describes various uses and applications of keratinases and keratin-based composites fabricated through various manufacturing processes such as lyophilisation, compression moulding, solvent casting, hydrogel fabrication, sponge formation, electrospinning, and 3D printing for value-added applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Chukwunonso Ossai
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Shahul Hamid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Auwalu Hassan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria
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34
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Wang Y, Song Y, Chang Y, Liu Y, Chen G, Xue C. Dynamic changes of peptidome and release of polysaccharide in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) hydrolysates depending on enzymatic hydrolysis approaches. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Cui Q, Duan Y, Zhang M, Liang S, Sun Y, Cheng J, Guo M. Peptide profiles and antioxidant capacity of extensive hydrolysates of milk protein concentrate. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7972-7985. [PMID: 36028349 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk protein concentrate was hydrolyzed using one-step enzymatic hydrolysis. Both the peptide profiles and antioxidant activities of the resulting extensive hydrolysates of milk protein concentrate (EMPH) were analyzed using a peptidomics approach based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that the degrees of hydrolysis of the 4 EMPH by Alcalase-Protamex, Alcalase-Protease A 2SD, Alcalase-Flavorzyme, and Alcalase-ProteAXH were 12.02%, 16.85%, 15.87%, and 15.77%, respectively. Using size exclusion chromatography, 99.85% of the peptides in the Alcalase-Protease A 2SD hydrolysate were shown to have a molecular weight of <3 kDa. A total of 33 common peptides were identified in the EMPH by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 16 of which were identified as bioactive peptides using bioinformatics. The peptide profiles and the coverage of master proteins of the 4 EMPH were different. The EMPH also exhibited strong free radical scavenging capacity, as indicated by the results of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydroxyl radical, and reducing power assays. The results of this study provided useful information on the peptide profiles and antioxidant activity of EMPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cui
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuxia Liang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Jiangsu Daisy FSMP Co. Ltd., Nantong 226133, China
| | - Yuxue Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Mingruo Guo
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405.
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36
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Cheng C, Sun Q, Wang X, He B, Jiang T. Enzyme-manipulated hydrogelation of small molecules for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:88-105. [PMID: 35970483 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-manipulated hydrogelation based on self-assembly of small molecules is an attractive methodology for development of functional biomaterials. Upon the catalysis of enzymes, small-molecular precursors are converted into assemblable building blocks, which arrange into high-ordered nanofibers via non-covalent interactions at the molecular level, and further trap water to form hydrogels at the macroscopic level. Such approach has numerous advantages of region- and enantioselectivity, and mild reaction conditions for encapsulation of biomedications or cells that are fragile to environmental change. In addition to the common applications as drug reservoirs or cell scaffolds, the utilization of endogenous enzymes as stimuli to initiate self-assembly in the living cells and tissue is considered as an intelligent spatiotemporally controllable hydrogelation strategy for biomedical applications. The enzyme-instructed in situ self-assembly and hydrogelation can modulate the cell behavior, and even present therapeutic bioactivities, which provides a new perspective in the field of disease treatment. In this review, we categorize distinct enzymatic stimuli and elaborate substrate design, catalytic characteristics, and mechanisms of self-assembly and hydrogelation. The biomedical applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and in situ gelation-produced bioactivity are outlined. Advantages and limitations regarding the state-of-the-art enzyme-driven hydrogelation technologies and future perspectives are also discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogel is a semi-solid soft material containing a large amount of water. Due to the features of adjustable flexibility, extremely porous architecture, and the high similarity of structure to natural extracellular matrices, the hydrogel has broad application prospects in biomedicine. In recent 20 years, enzyme-manipulated hydrogelation based on self-assembly of small molecules has developed rapidly as an attractive methodology for the construction of functional biomaterials. Upon the catalysis of enzymes, small-molecular precursors are converted into assemblable building blocks, which arrange into high-ordered nanofibers via non-covalent interactions at the molecular level, and further trap water to form hydrogels at the macroscopic level. This review summarized the characteristics of enzymatic hydrogel, as well as the traditional application and emerging prospect of enzyme-instructed self-assembly and hydrogelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qingyun Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Wheat gluten hydrolysates prepared by sequential treatment with different combinations of commercial proteases. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Kristoffersen KA, Afseth NK, Böcker U, Dankel KR, Rønningen MA, Lislelid A, Ofstad R, Lindberg D, Wubshet SG. Post-enzymatic hydrolysis heat treatment as an essential unit operation for collagen solubilization from poultry by-products. Food Chem 2022; 382:132201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Investigation of Bioavailability and Food-Processing Properties of Arthrospira platensis by Enzymatic Treatment and Micro-Encapsulation by Spray Drying. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131922. [PMID: 35804738 PMCID: PMC9265850 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its high-protein content of 60–70% on dry weight, Arthrospira platensis, has been considered as one of the most sought-after protein alternatives. However, the processing of Arthrospira platensis extract (spirulina, SP) in food is usually limited due to the strong green colour and taste, as well as the lack of bioavailability of plant proteins. Therefore, this study aimed to increase its use in food applications through technologies such as microencapsulation by spray drying and enzymatic treatment. The effect of different combinations of maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) as coating material were tested in ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 for Arthrospira platensis, core to wall material, respectively. Additionally, enzymatic treatment was used to investigate whether digestibility, protein solubility and powder solubility can be improved. Thermal stability was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and colour intensity was analysed over L* a* b* colour system. The sample SP-MD1:2 showed the highest heat stability with a denaturation peak at 67 °C, while the samples SP-MD1:4 and ESP-MD1:4 revealed the best brightening effects. The crude protein content stated by the manufacturer of 67% was confirmed. Encapsulation and enzymatic hydrolysis enhance the protein solubility, under which ESP-MD1:4 had the greatest solubility at around 83%. The protein digestibility peaks were around 99% with sample SP-MD1:2.
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López-Martínez MI, Miguel M, Garcés-Rimón M. Protein and Sport: Alternative Sources and Strategies for Bioactive and Sustainable Sports Nutrition. Front Nutr 2022; 9:926043. [PMID: 35782926 PMCID: PMC9247391 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.926043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and sport play an important role in achieving a healthy lifestyle. In addition to the intake of nutrients derived from the normal diet, some sport disciplines require the consumption of supplements that contribute positively to improved athletic performance. Protein intake is important for many aspects related to health, and current evidence suggests that some athletes require increased amounts of this nutrient. On the other hand, society's demand for more environmentally friendly products, focus on the search for alternative food sources more sustainable. This review aims to summarize the latest research on novel strategies and sources for greener and functional supplementation in sport nutrition. Alternative protein sources such as insects, plants or mycoproteins have proven to be an interesting substrate due to their high added value in terms of bioactivity and sustainability. Protein hydrolysis has proven to be a very useful technology to revalue by-products, such as collagen, by producing bioactive peptides beneficial on athletes performance and sport-related complications. In addition, it has been observed that certain amino acids from plant sources, as citrulline or theanine, can have an ergogenic effect for this target population. Finally, the future perspectives of protein supplementation in sports nutrition are discussed. In summary, protein supplementation in sports nutrition is a very promising field of research, whose future perspective lies with the search for alternatives with greater bioactive potential and more sustainable than conventional sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel I. López-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimenos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel
- Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimenos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Miguel
| | - Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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Morellon-Sterling R, Tavano O, Bolivar JM, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Vela-Gutiérrez G, Sabir JSM, Tacias-Pascacio VG, Fernandez-Lafuente R. A review on the immobilization of pepsin: A Lys-poor enzyme that is unstable at alkaline pH values. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:682-702. [PMID: 35508226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pepsin is a protease used in many different applications, and in many instances, it is utilized in an immobilized form to prevent contamination of the reaction product. This enzyme has two peculiarities that make its immobilization complex. The first one is related to the poor presence of primary amino groups on its surface (just one Lys and the terminal amino group). The second one is its poor stability at alkaline pH values. Both features make the immobilization of this enzyme to be considered a complicated goal, as most of the immobilization protocols utilize primary amino groups for immobilization. This review presents some of the attempts to get immobilized pepsin biocatalyst and their applications. The high density of anionic groups (Asp and Glu) make the anion exchange of the enzyme simpler, but this makes many of the strategies utilized to immobilize the enzyme (e.g., amino-glutaraldehyde supports) more related to a mixed ion exchange/hydrophobic adsorption than to real covalent immobilization. Finally, we propose some possibilities that can permit not only the covalent immobilization of this enzyme, but also their stabilization via multipoint covalent attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Juan M Bolivar
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gilber Vela-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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42
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León Madrazo A, Segura Campos MR. In silico prediction of peptide variants from chia (S. hispanica L.) with antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant potential. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 98:107695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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43
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Physicochemical properties and volatile profile of mung bean flour fermented by Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Murtaza MA, Irfan S, Hafiz I, Ranjha MMAN, Rahaman A, Murtaza MS, Ibrahim SA, Siddiqui SA. Conventional and Novel Technologies in the Production of Dairy Bioactive Peptides. Front Nutr 2022; 9:780151. [PMID: 35694165 PMCID: PMC9178506 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.780151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, researchers have focused on functional ingredients, functional foods, and nutraceuticals due to the rapidly increasing interest in bioactive components, especially in bioactive peptides. Dairy proteins are a rich and balanced source of amino acids and their derived bioactive peptides, which possess biological and physiological properties. In the dairy industry, microbial fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis are promising methods for producing bioactive peptides because of their rapid efficiency, and mild reaction conditions. However, these methods utilize less raw material, take long reaction time, result in low yields, and low activity products when used alone, which pose industry to seek for novel methods as pretreatments to increase the yield of bioactive peptides. Scope and Approach This review emphasizes the production of peptides from the dairy proteins and discusses the potential use of novel technologies as pretreatments to conventional methods of bioactive peptides production from dairy proteins, including the mechanisms of novel technologies along with respective examples of use, advantages, limitations, and challenges to each technology. Key Findings and Conclusion Noteworthily, hydrolysis of dairy proteins liberate wide-range of peptides that possess remarkable biological functions to maintain human health. Novel technologies in the dairy industry such as ultrasound-assisted processing (UAP), microwave-assisted processing (MAP), and high pressure processing (HPP) are innovative and environmentally friendly. Generally, novel technologies are less effectual compared to conventional methods, therefore used in combination with fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, and are promising pretreatments to modify peptides’ profile, improve the yields, and high liberation of bioactive peptides as compared to conventional technologies. UAP is an innovative and most efficient technology as its mechanical effects and cavitation change the protein conformation, increase the biological activities of enzymes, and enhance enzymatic hydrolysis reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Mian Anjum Murtaza,
| | - Shafeeqa Irfan
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Iram Hafiz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian Shamas Murtaza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Salam A. Ibrahim,
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
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O’Connor J, Garcia-Vaquero M, Meaney S, Tiwari BK. Bioactive Peptides from Algae: Traditional and Novel Generation Strategies, Structure-Function Relationships, and Bioinformatics as Predictive Tools for Bioactivity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050317. [PMID: 35621968 PMCID: PMC9145204 DOI: 10.3390/md20050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, algae have been explored as alternative and sustainable protein sources for a balanced diet and more recently, as a potential source of algal-derived bioactive peptides with potential health benefits. This review will focus on the emerging processes for the generation and isolation of bioactive peptides or cryptides from algae, including: (1) pre-treatments of algae for the extraction of protein by physical and biochemical methods; and (2) methods for the generation of bioactive including enzymatic hydrolysis and other emerging methods. To date, the main biological properties of the peptides identified from algae, including anti-hypertensive, antioxidant and anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effects (for this review, anti-proliferative/cytotoxic will be referred to by the term anti-cancer), assayed in vitro and/or in vivo, will also be summarized emphasizing the structure–function relationship and mechanism of action of these peptides. Moreover, the use of in silico methods, such as quantitative structural activity relationships (QSAR) and molecular docking for the identification of specific peptides of bioactive interest from hydrolysates will be described in detail together with the main challenges and opportunities to exploit algae as a source of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack O’Connor
- School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.O.); (S.M.)
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland;
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- Section of Food and Nutrition, School Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-(01)-716-2513
| | - Steve Meaney
- School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Brijesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland;
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46
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Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis followed after extrusion pretreatment on the structure and emulsibility of soybean protein. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pulse Proteins as a Tool to Improve Techno-Functional Properties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091307. [PMID: 35564030 PMCID: PMC9104109 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulse proteins are being increasingly investigated as nutritious and functional ingredients which could provide alternatives to animal proteins; however, pulse protein ingredients do not always meet the functionality requirements necessary for various applications. Consequently, enzymatic hydrolysis can be employed as a means of improving functional properties such as solubility, emulsifying, foaming, and gelling properties. This review aims to examine the current literature regarding modification of these properties with enzymatic hydrolysis. The effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on the functionality of pulse proteins generally varies considerably based on the enzyme, substrate, processing steps such as heat treatment, degree of hydrolysis, and pH. Differences in protease specificity as well as protein structure allow for a wide variety of peptide mixtures to be generated, with varying hydrophobic and electrostatic properties. Typically, the most significant improvements are seen when the original protein ingredient has poor initial functionality. Solubility is usually improved in the mildly acidic range, which may also correspond with improved foaming and emulsifying properties. More work should be carried out on the potential of enzymatic hydrolysis to modify gelation properties of pulse proteins, as the literature is currently lacking. Overall, careful selection of proteases and control of hydrolysis will be necessary to maximize the potential of enzymatic hydrolysis as a tool to improve pulse protein functionality and broaden the range of potential applications.
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Recycled Sericin Hydrolysates Modified by Alcalase® Suppress Melanogenesis in Human Melanin-Producing Cells via Modulating MITF. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073925. [PMID: 35409284 PMCID: PMC8999004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because available depigmenting agents exhibit short efficacy and serious side effects, sericin, a waste protein from the silk industry, was hydrolyzed using Alcalase® to evaluate its anti-melanogenic activity in human melanin-producing cells. Sericin hydrolysates consisted of sericin-related peptides in differing amounts and smaller sizes compared with unhydrolyzed sericin, as respectively demonstrated by peptidomic and SDS-PAGE analysis. The lower half-maximum inhibitory concentration (9.05 ± 0.66 mg/mL) compared with unhydrolyzed sericin indicated a potent effect of sericin hydrolysates on the diminution of melanin content in human melanoma MNT1 cells. Not only inhibiting enzymatic activity but also a downregulated expression level of tyrosinase was evident in MNT1 cells incubated with 20 mg/mL sericin hydrolysates. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed the decreased mRNA level of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a tyrosinase transcription factor, which correlated with the reduction of pCREB/CREB, an upstream cascade, as assessed by Western blot analysis in MNT1 cells cultured with 20 mg/mL sericin hydrolysates for 12 h. Interestingly, treatment with sericin hydrolysates for 6–24 h also upregulated pERK, a molecule that triggers MITF degradation, in human melanin-producing cells. These results warrant the recycling of wastewater from the silk industry for further development as a safe and effective treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Xia Y, Zhu L, Wu G, Liu T, Li X, Wang X, Zhang H. Comparative study of various methods used for bitterness reduction from pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein hydrolysates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Badoei-Dalfard A, Saeed M, Karami Z. Protease immobilization on activated chitosan/cellulose acetate electrospun nanofibrous polymers: Biochemical characterization and efficient protein waste digestion. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2022.2056450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arastoo Badoei-Dalfard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahla Saeed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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