1
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Ma M, Zhu Y, Xiao C, Li R, Cao X, Kang R, Wang X, Li E. Novel insights into RB1 in prostate cancer lineage plasticity and drug resistance. TUMORI JOURNAL 2024; 110:252-263. [PMID: 38316605 DOI: 10.1177/03008916231225576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men in the world, posing a serious threat to men's health and lives. RB1 is the first human tumor suppressor gene to be described, and it is closely associated with the development, progression, and suppression of a variety of tumors. It was found that the loss of RB1 is an early event in prostate cancer development and is closely related to prostate cancer development, progression and treatment resistance. This paper reviews the current status of research on the relationship between RB1 and prostate cancer from three aspects: RB1 and prostate cell lineage plasticity; biological behavior; and therapeutic resistance. Providing a novel perspective for developing new therapeutic strategies for RB1-loss prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ma
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yazhi Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Changkai Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xingyu Cao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ran Kang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ermao Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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2
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Huang MF, Wang YX, Chou YT, Lee DF. Therapeutic Strategies for RB1-Deficient Cancers: Intersecting Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1558. [PMID: 38672640 PMCID: PMC11049207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) is a critical tumor suppressor gene, governing diverse cellular processes implicated in cancer biology. Dysregulation or deletion in RB1 contributes to the development and progression of various cancers, making it a prime target for therapeutic intervention. RB1's canonical function in cell cycle control and DNA repair mechanisms underscores its significance in restraining aberrant cell growth and maintaining genomic stability. Understanding the complex interplay between RB1 and cellular pathways is beneficial to fully elucidate its tumor-suppressive role across different cancer types and for therapeutic development. As a result, investigating vulnerabilities arising from RB1 deletion-associated mechanisms offers promising avenues for targeted therapy. Recently, several findings highlighted multiple methods as a promising strategy for combating tumor growth driven by RB1 loss, offering potential clinical benefits in various cancer types. This review summarizes the multifaceted role of RB1 in cancer biology and its implications for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Fan Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.-F.H.); (Y.-X.W.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuan-Xin Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.-F.H.); (Y.-X.W.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan;
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.-F.H.); (Y.-X.W.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Lee JY, Bhandare RR, Boddu SHS, Shaik AB, Saktivel LP, Gupta G, Negi P, Barakat M, Singh SK, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumour suppressor genes in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116275. [PMID: 38394846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour suppressor genes play a cardinal role in the development of a large array of human cancers, including lung cancer, which is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Therefore, extensive studies have been committed to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of alterations of tumour suppressor genes in governing tumourigenesis, as well as resistance to cancer therapies. In spite of the encouraging clinical outcomes demonstrated by lung cancer patients on initial treatment, the subsequent unresponsiveness to first-line treatments manifested by virtually all the patients is inherently a contentious issue. In light of the aforementioned concerns, this review compiles the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of some of the tumour suppressor genes implicated in lung cancer that are either frequently mutated and/or are located on the chromosomal arms having high LOH rates (1p, 3p, 9p, 10q, 13q, and 17p). Our study identifies specific genomic loci prone to LOH, revealing a recurrent pattern in lung cancer cases. These loci, including 3p14.2 (FHIT), 9p21.3 (p16INK4a), 10q23 (PTEN), 17p13 (TP53), exhibit a higher susceptibility to LOH due to environmental factors such as exposure to DNA-damaging agents (carcinogens in cigarette smoke) and genetic factors such as chromosomal instability, genetic mutations, DNA replication errors, and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current treatment landscape and advancements for lung cancers, including the challenges and endeavours to overcome it. This review envisages inspired researchers to embark on a journey of discovery to add to the list of what was known in hopes of prompting the development of effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522212, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Lakshmana Prabu Saktivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, PO Box 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman-11937, Jordan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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4
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Zhou M, Tang J, Fan J, Wen X, Shen J, Jia R, Chai P, Fan X. Recent progress in retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis and management. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2024; 13:100058. [PMID: 38615905 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma, the primary ocular malignancy in pediatric patients, poses a substantial threat to mortality without prompt and effective management. The prognosis for survival and preservation of visual acuity hinges upon the disease severity at the time of initial diagnosis. Notably, retinoblastoma has played a crucial role in unraveling the genetic foundations of oncogenesis. The process of tumorigenesis commonly begins with the occurrence of biallelic mutation in the RB1 tumor suppressor gene, which is then followed by a cascade of genetic and epigenetic alterations that correspond to the clinical stage and pathological features of the tumor. The RB1 gene, recognized as a tumor suppressor, encodes the retinoblastoma protein, which plays a vital role in governing cellular replication through interactions with E2F transcription factors and chromatin remodeling proteins. The diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma necessitate consideration of numerous factors, including disease staging, germline mutation status, family psychosocial factors, and the resources available within the institution. This review has systematically compiled and categorized the latest developments in the diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma which enhanced the quality of care for this pediatric malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieling Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Wang J, Ferrena A, Zhang R, Singh S, Viscarret V, Al-Harden W, Aldahamsheh O, Borjihan H, Singla A, Yaguare S, Tingling J, Zi X, Lo Y, Gorlick R, Schwartz EL, Zhao H, Yang R, Geller DS, Zheng D, Hoang BH. Targeted inhibition of SCF SKP2 confers anti-tumor activities resulting in a survival benefit in osteosarcoma. Oncogene 2024; 43:962-975. [PMID: 38355807 PMCID: PMC10959747 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma(OS) is a highly aggressive bone cancer for which treatment has remained essentially unchanged for decades. Although OS is characterized by extensive genomic heterogeneity and instability, RB1 and TP53 have been shown to be the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in OS. We previously generated a mouse model with a double knockout (DKO) of Rb1 and Trp53 within cells of the osteoblastic lineage, which largely recapitulates human OS with nearly complete penetrance. SKP2 is a repression target of pRb and serves as a substrate recruiting subunit of the SCFSKP2 complex. In addition, SKP2 plays a central role in regulating the cell cycle by ubiquitinating and promoting the degradation of p27. We previously reported the DKOAA transgenic model, which harbored a knock-in mutation in p27 that impaired its binding to SKP2. Here, we generated a novel p53-Rb1-SKP2 triple-knockout model (TKO) to examine SKP2 function and its potential as a therapeutic target in OS. First, we observed that OS tumorigenesis was significantly delayed in TKO mice and their overall survival was markedly improved. In addition, the loss of SKP2 also promoted an apoptotic microenvironment and reduced the stemness of DKO tumors. Furthermore, we found that small-molecule inhibitors of SKP2 exhibited anti-tumor activities in vivo and in OS organoids as well as synergistic effects when combined with a standard chemotherapeutic agent. Taken together, our results suggest that SKP2 inhibitors may reduce the stemness plasticity of OS and should be leveraged as next-generation adjuvants in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander Ferrena
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ranxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Swapnil Singh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Viscarret
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Waleed Al-Harden
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Osama Aldahamsheh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Orthopedic Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Hasibagan Borjihan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amit Singla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Simon Yaguare
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Janet Tingling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Yungtai Lo
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward L Schwartz
- Departments of Oncology, Molecular Pharmacology, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David S Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Departments of Genetics, Neurology and Neuroscience. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Bang H Hoang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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6
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Tang L, Zhang B, Li G, Zhu Y, Feng B, Su Z, Han W, Huang H, Li Q, Wang M, Chen Y, Liu H, Dai Z, Wu D, Li H, Yang L, Lu Y, Ye Z, Zheng G. Punicalagin alleviates the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis through inhibiting SKP2 expression. J Nat Med 2023; 77:712-720. [PMID: 37306932 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by abnormal keratinocytes proliferation and multiple immune cells infiltration in the dermis and epidermis. Although most psoriasis-related researches have been concentrated on the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/interleukin-17 (IL-17) axis, new data suggest that keratinocytes also play a pivotal role in psoriasis. Previously, we found that punicalagin (PUN), a bioactive ellagitannin extracted from Pericarpium Granati (the pericarpium of Punica granatum L.), exerts a therapeutic effect on psoriasis. However, the underlying mechanism, especially its potential modulatory effect on keratinocytes, remains obscure. Our study aims to reveal the potential regulatory effect and its underlying cellular mechanism of PUN on the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. We used tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-17A and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to induce abnormal proliferation of HaCaT cells (Human Keratinocytes Cells) in vitro. Then, we evaluated the effects of PUN through MTT assay, EdU staining and cell cycle detection. Finally, we explored the underlying cellular mechanisms of PUN via RNA-sequencing, WB in vitro and in vivo. Here, we found that PUN can directly and dose-dependently decrease TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-6-induced abnormal proliferation of HaCaT cells in vitro. Mechanically, PUN suppresses the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes through repressing S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) expression in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, overexpression of SKP2 can partly abolish PUN-mediated inhibition of aberrantly proliferative keratinocytes. These results illustrate that PUN can reduce the severity of psoriasis through directly repressing SKP2-mediated abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, which gives new insight into the therapeutic mechanism of PUN on psoriasis. Moreover, these findings imply that PUN might be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Guanzhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zuqing Su
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wenhui Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huilin Huang
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Maojie Wang
- Department of Rheumatology Clinical and Basic Research, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Department of Immunology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Department of Immunology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Dinghong Wu
- Department of Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Laijun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yanjing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zeting Ye
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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7
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Bai L, Li X, Yang Y, Zhao R, White EZ, Danaher A, Bowen NJ, Hinton CV, Cook N, Li D, Wu AY, Qui M, Du Y, Fu H, Kucuk O, Wu D. Bromocriptine monotherapy overcomes prostate cancer chemoresistance in preclinical models. Transl Oncol 2023; 34:101707. [PMID: 37271121 PMCID: PMC10248552 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major obstacle in the clinical management of metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). It is imperative to develop novel strategies to overcome chemoresistance and improve clinical outcomes in patients who have failed chemotherapy. Using a two-tier phenotypic screening platform, we identified bromocriptine mesylate as a potent and selective inhibitor of chemoresistant PCa cells. Bromocriptine effectively induced cell cycle arrest and activated apoptosis in chemoresistant PCa cells but not in chemoresponsive PCa cells. RNA-seq analyses revealed that bromocriptine affected a subset of genes implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, and cell death. Interestingly, approximately one-third (50/157) of the differentially expressed genes affected by bromocriptine overlapped with known p53-p21- retinoblastoma protein (RB) target genes. At the protein level, bromocriptine increased the expression of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and affected several classical and non-classical dopamine receptor signal pathways in chemoresistant PCa cells, including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and survivin. As a monotherapy, bromocriptine treatment at 15 mg/kg, three times per week, via the intraperitoneal route significantly inhibited the skeletal growth of chemoresistant C4-2B-TaxR xenografts in athymic nude mice. In summary, these results provided the first preclinical evidence that bromocriptine is a selective and effective inhibitor of chemoresistant PCa. Due to its favorable clinical safety profiles, bromocriptine could be rapidly tested in PCa patients and repurposed as a novel subtype-specific treatment to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Bai
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Elshaddai Z. White
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alira Danaher
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nathan J. Bowen
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cimona V. Hinton
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas Cook
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dehong Li
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alyssa Y. Wu
- Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min Qui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daqing Wu
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- MetCure Therapeutics LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA
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8
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Elahi AH, Morales CS, Xu XL, Eliades A, Patsalis PC, Abramson DH, Jhanwar SC. `Targeted pharmacologic inhibition of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) mediated cell cycle regulation in lung and other RB-Related cancers: A brief review of current status and future prospects. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 88:100964. [PMID: 37004354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) often exhibits Rb deficiency, TRβ and p130 deletion, and SKP2 amplification, suggesting TRβ inactivation and SKP2 activation. It is reported that SKP2 targeted therapy is effective in some cancers in vitro and in vivo, but it is not reported for the treatment of SCLC and retinoblastoma. SKP2 is the synthetic lethal gene in SCLC and retinoblastoma, so SKP2 can be used for targeted therapy in SCLC and retinoblastoma. RB1 knockout mice develop several kinds of tumors, but Rb1 and SKP2 double knockout mice are healthy, suggesting that SKP2 targeted therapy may have significant effects on Rb deficient cancers with less side effects, and if successful in SCLC and retinoblastoma in vitro and in animal model, such compounds may be promising for the clinical treatment of SCLC, retinoblastoma, and variety of Rb deficient cancers. Previously our studies showed that retinoblastomas exhibit retinal cone precursor properties and depend on cone-specific thyroid hormone receptor β2 (TRβ2) and SKP2 signaling. In this study, we sought to suppress SCLC and retinoblastoma cell growth by SKP2 inhibitors as a prelude to targeted therapy in vitro and in vivo. We knocked down TRβ2 and SKP2 or over-expressed p27 in SCLC and retinoblastoma cell lines to investigate SKP2 and p27 signaling alterations. The SCLC cell lines H209 as well as retinoblastoma cell lines Y79, WERI, and RB177 were treated with SKP2 inhibitor C1 at different concentrations, following which Western blotting, Immunostaining, and cell cycle kinetics studies were performed to study SKP2 and p27 expression ubiquitination, to determine impact on cell cycle regulation and growth inhibition. TRβ2 knockdown in Y79, RB177 and H209 caused SKP2 downregulation and degradation, p27 up-regulation, and S phase arrest, whereas, SKP2 knockdown or p27 over-expression caused p27 accumulation and G1-S phase arrest. In the cell lines Y79, WERI, RB177, and H209 treatment with C1 caused SKP2 ubiquitination and degradation, p27 de-ubiquitination and accumulation, and cell growth arrest. SKP2 inhibitor C1 significantly suppressed retinoblastoma as well as SCLC cell growth by SKP2 degradation and p27 accumulation. In vivo study also showed inhibition of tumor growth with C1 treatment. Potential limitations of the success of such a therapeutic approach and its translational application in human primary tumors, and alternative approaches to overcome such limitations are briefly discussed for the treatment of retinoblastoma, SCLC and other RB-related cancers.
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Myers JE, Schaal DL, Nkadi EH, Ward BJH, Bienkowska-Haba M, Sapp M, Bodily JM, Scott RS. Retinoblastoma Protein Is Required for Epstein-Barr Virus Replication in Differentiated Epithelia. J Virol 2023; 97:e0103222. [PMID: 36719239 PMCID: PMC9972952 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01032-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coinfection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been detected in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Although HPV and EBV replicate in differentiated epithelial cells, we previously reported that HPV epithelial immortalization reduces EBV replication within organotypic raft culture and that the HPV16 oncoprotein E7 was sufficient to inhibit EBV replication. A well-established function of HPV E7 is the degradation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) family of pocket proteins (pRb, p107, and p130). Here, we show that pRb knockdown in differentiated epithelia and EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma (BL) reduces EBV lytic replication following de novo infection and reactivation, respectively. In differentiated epithelia, EBV immediate early (IE) transactivators were expressed, but loss of pRb blocked expression of the early gene product, EA-D. Although no alterations were observed in markers of epithelial differentiation, DNA damage, and p16, increased markers of S-phase progression and altered p107 and p130 levels were observed in suprabasal keratinocytes after pRb knockdown. In contrast, pRb interference in Akata BX1 Burkitt lymphoma cells showed a distinct phenotype from differentiated epithelia with no significant effect on EBV IE or EA-D expression. Instead, pRb knockdown reduced the levels of the plasmablast differentiation marker PRDM1/Blimp1 and increased the abundance of c-Myc protein in reactivated Akata BL with pRb knockdown. c-Myc RNA levels also increased following the loss of pRb in epithelial rafts. These results suggest that pRb is required to suppress c-Myc for efficient EBV replication in BL cells and identifies a mechanism for how HPV immortalization, through degradation of the retinoblastoma pocket proteins, interferes with EBV replication in coinfected epithelia. IMPORTANCE Terminally differentiated epithelium is known to support EBV genome amplification and virion morphogenesis following infection. The contribution of the cell cycle in differentiated tissues to efficient EBV replication is not understood. Using organotypic epithelial raft cultures and genetic interference, we can identify factors required for EBV replication in quiescent cells. Here, we phenocopied HPV16 E7 inhibition of EBV replication through knockdown of pRb. Loss of pRb was found to reduce EBV early gene expression and viral replication. Interruption of the viral life cycle was accompanied by increased S-phase gene expression in postmitotic keratinocytes, a process also observed in E7-positive epithelia, and deregulation of other pocket proteins. Together, these findings provide evidence of a global requirement for pRb in EBV lytic replication and provide a mechanistic framework for how HPV E7 may facilitate a latent EBV infection through its mediated degradation of pRb in copositive epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Danielle L. Schaal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ebubechukwu H. Nkadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - B. J. H. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Malgorzata Bienkowska-Haba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Martin Sapp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jason M. Bodily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rona S. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Bacterial protein MakA causes suppression of tumour cell proliferation via inhibition of PIP5K1α/Akt signalling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1024. [PMID: 36473840 PMCID: PMC9726977 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that a novel bacterial cytotoxin, the protein MakA which is released by Vibrio cholerae, is a virulence factor, causing killing of Caenorhabditis elegans when the worms are grazing on the bacteria. Studies with mammalian cell cultures in vitro indicated that MakA could affect eukaryotic cell signalling pathways involved in lipid biosynthesis. MakA treatment of colon cancer cells in vitro caused inhibition of growth and loss of cell viability. These findings prompted us to investigate possible signalling pathways that could be targets of the MakA-mediated inhibition of tumour cell proliferation. Initial in vivo studies with MakA producing V. cholerae and C. elegans suggested that the MakA protein might target the PIP5K1α phospholipid-signalling pathway in the worms. Intriguingly, MakA was then found to inhibit the PIP5K1α lipid-signalling pathway in cancer cells, resulting in a decrease in PIP5K1α and pAkt expression. Further analyses revealed that MakA inhibited cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and induced p27 expression, resulting in G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, MakA induced downregulation of Ki67 and cyclin D1, which led to inhibition of cell proliferation. This is the first report about a bacterial protein that may target signalling involving the cancer cell lipid modulator PIP5K1α in colon cancer cells, implying an anti-cancer effect.
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Targeting the untargetable: RB1-deficient tumours are vulnerable to Skp2 ubiquitin ligase inhibition. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:969-975. [PMID: 35752713 PMCID: PMC9470583 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins that regulate the cell cycle are accumulated and degraded in a coordinated manner during the transition from one cell cycle phase to the next. The rapid loss of a critical protein, for example, to allow the cell to move from G1/G0 to S phase, is often regulated by its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Protein ubiquitination is mediated by a series of three ligases, of which the E3 ligases provide the specificity for a particular protein substrate. One such E3 ligase is SCFSkp1/Cks1, which has a substrate recruiting subunit called S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2). Skp2 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, can act as an oncogene, and is overexpressed in human cancer. A primary target of Skp2 is the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 (CDKN1b) that regulates the cell cycle at several points. The RB1 tumour suppressor gene regulates Skp2 activity by two mechanisms: by controlling its mRNA expression, and by an effect on Skp2's enzymatic activity. For the latter, the RB1 protein (pRb) directly binds to the substrate-binding site on Skp2, preventing protein substrates from being ubiquitinated and degraded. Inactivating mutations in RB1 are common in human cancer, becoming more frequent in aggressive, metastatic, and drug-resistant tumours. Hence, RB1 mutation leads to the loss of pRb, an unrestrained increase in Skp2 activity, the unregulated decrease in p27, and the loss of cell cycle control. Because RB1 mutations lead to the loss of a functional protein, its direct targeting is not possible. This perspective will discuss evidence validating Skp2 as a therapeutic target in RB1-deficient cancer.
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Romero-Masters JC, Lambert PF, Munger K. Molecular Mechanisms of MmuPV1 E6 and E7 and Implications for Human Disease. Viruses 2022; 14:2138. [PMID: 36298698 PMCID: PMC9611894 DOI: 10.3390/v14102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a substantial amount of human disease from benign disease such as warts to malignant cancers including cervical carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancer. Our ability to model HPV-induced malignant disease has been impeded by species specific barriers and pre-clinical animal models have been challenging to develop. The recent discovery of a murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1, that infects laboratory mice and causes the same range of malignancies caused by HPVs provides the papillomavirus field the opportunity to test mechanistic hypotheses in a genetically manipulatable laboratory animal species in the context of natural infections. The E6 and E7 proteins encoded by high-risk HPVs, which are the HPV genotypes associated with human cancers, are multifunctional proteins that contribute to HPV-induced cancers in multiple ways. In this review, we describe the known activities of the MmuPV1-encoded E6 and E7 proteins and how those activities relate to the activities of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins encoded by mucosal and cutaneous high-risk HPV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Romero-Masters
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Karl Munger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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13
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Yao Y, Gu X, Xu X, Ge S, Jia R. Novel insights into RB1 mutation. Cancer Lett 2022; 547:215870. [PMID: 35964818 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) decades ago, RB1 has been regarded as a prototype tumor suppressor gene providing a paradigm for tumor genetic research. Constant research has updated the understanding of RB1-related pathways and their impact on tumor and nontumor diseases. Mutation of RB1 gene has been observed in multiple types of malignant tumors including prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and almost every familial and sporadic case of retinoblastoma. Even if well-known and long-investigated, the application potential of RB1 mutation has not been fully tapped. In this review, we focus on the mechanism underlying RB1 mutation during oncogenesis. Therapeutically, we have further discussed potential clinical strategies by targeting RB1-mutated cancers. The unsolved problems and prospects of RB1 mutation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Engeland K. Cell cycle regulation: p53-p21-RB signaling. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:946-960. [PMID: 35361964 PMCID: PMC9090780 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 169.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein RB and the transcription factor p53 are central tumor suppressors. They are often found inactivated in various tumor types. Both proteins play central roles in regulating the cell division cycle. RB forms complexes with the E2F family of transcription factors and downregulates numerous genes. Among the RB-E2F target genes, a large number code for key cell cycle regulators. Their transcriptional repression by the RB-E2F complex is released through phosphorylation of RB, leading to expression of the cell cycle regulators. The release from repression can be prevented by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21/CDKN1A. The CDKN1A gene is transcriptionally activated by p53. Taken together, these elements constitute the p53-p21-RB signaling pathway. Following activation of p53, for example by viral infection or induction of DNA damage, p21 expression is upregulated. High levels of p21 then result in RB-E2F complex formation and downregulation of a large number of cell cycle genes. Thus, p53-dependent transcriptional repression is indirect. The reduced expression of the many regulators leads to cell cycle arrest. Examination of the p53-p21-RB targets and genes controlled by the related p53-p21-DREAM signaling pathway reveals that there is a large overlap of the two groups. Mechanistically this can be explained by replacing RB-E2F complexes with the DREAM transcriptional repressor complex at E2F sites in target promoters. In contrast to RB-E2F, DREAM can downregulate genes also through CHR transcription factor binding sites. This results in a distinct gene set controlled by p53-p21-DREAM signaling independent of RB-E2F. Furthermore, RB has non-canonical functions without binding to E2F and DNA. Such a role of RB supporting DREAM formation may be exerted by the RB-SKP2-p27-cyclin A/E-CDK2-p130-DREAM link. In the current synopsis, the mechanism of regulation by p53-p21-RB signaling is assessed and the overlap with p53-p21-DREAM signaling is examined. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstrasse 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Liang H, Zhang F, Hong Y, Wu Y, Xie H, Zhang C, Wang Z, Lu Z, Yang H. Synergistic Silencing of Skp2 by siRNA Self-Assembled Nanoparticles as a Therapeutic Strategy for Advanced Prostate Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106046. [PMID: 35182014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer, harboring multiple mutations of tumor suppressor genes, is refractory to conventional therapies. Knockout of the Skp2 gene blocks pRb/p53 doubly deficient prostate cancer in mice, which inspired the authors to develop an approach for delivering siRNA that would efficiently silence Skp2 (siSkp2) in vivo. Here, a facile strategy is reported to directly assemble siSkp2 with the natural compound quercetin (Que) into supramolecular nanoparticles (NPs). This carrier-free siSkp2 delivery system could effectively protect siSkp2 from degradation in serum and enhance its cellular internalization. Furthermore, the siSkp2/Que NPs exhibit synergistic effects in Skp2 silencing, because they can degrade the mRNA and protein of Skp2 simultaneously. Indeed, siSkp2/Que NPs remarkably diminish the Skp2 abundance and further inhibit the proliferation and migration of TMU cells (RB1/TP53/KRAS triple mutations) in vitro. The in vivo results further show that i.v. administration of siSkp2/Que NPs efficiently accumulates in tumor sites and strongly inhibits the growth of TMU tumors in nude mice. Importantly, the siSkp2/Que NPs do not induce any abnormality in the treated mice, which suggests satisfactory biocompatibility. Collectively, this study describes a tractable siRNA self-assembled strategy for Skp2 silencing, which might be a promising nanodrug to cure multitherapy-resistant advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Fangming Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yannv Hong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Huanzhang Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhonglei Lu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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16
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Sajid A, Saeed MS, Malik RM, Fazal S, Malik S, Kamal MA. Prediction of Secondary and Tertiary Structure and Docking of Rb1WT
And Rb1R661W Proteins. CURRENT BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220127100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Retinoblastoma, a malignancy occurring in the juvenile cells of the retina,
is responsible for light detection. It is one of the most emerging ra re childhood and infant cancer.
It is initiated by the mutation in Rb1, a first tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 13q14.
Rb1 protein is responsible for cell cycle regulation.
Methods:
In our study, secondary and 3D-Structural predictions of Rb1WT and Rb1R661W were made
by comparative or homology modeling to find any structural change leading to the disruption in its
further interactions. Quality assurance of the structures was done by Ramachandran Plot for a stable
structure. Both the proteins were then applied by docking process with proteins of interest.
Results:
Secondary structure showed a number of mutations in helixes, β-Hairpins of Rb1R661W. The
major change was the loss of β-Hairpin loop, extension and shortening of helixes. 3D comparison
structure showed a change in the groove of Rb1R661W. Docking results, unlike RB1 WT, had different
and no interactions with some of the proteins of interest. This mutation in Rb1 protein had a deleterious
effect on the protein functionality.
Conclusion:
This study will help to design the appropriate therapy and also understand the mechanism
of disease of retinoblastoma, for researchers and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen Sajid
- Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rabbiah Manzoor Malik
- Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Fazal
- Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Malik
- Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research
Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee
Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
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17
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Janostiak R, Torres-Sanchez A, Posas F, de Nadal E. Understanding Retinoblastoma Post-Translational Regulation for the Design of Targeted Cancer Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051265. [PMID: 35267571 PMCID: PMC8909233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rb1 is a regulator of cell cycle progression and genomic stability. This review focuses on post-translational modifications, their effect on Rb1 interactors, and their role in intracellular signaling in the context of cancer development. Finally, we highlight potential approaches to harness these post-translational modifications to design novel effective anticancer therapies. Abstract The retinoblastoma protein (Rb1) is a prototypical tumor suppressor protein whose role was described more than 40 years ago. Together with p107 (also known as RBL1) and p130 (also known as RBL2), the Rb1 belongs to a family of structurally and functionally similar proteins that inhibits cell cycle progression. Given the central role of Rb1 in regulating proliferation, its expression or function is altered in most types of cancer. One of the mechanisms underlying Rb-mediated cell cycle inhibition is the binding and repression of E2F transcription factors, and these processes are dependent on Rb1 phosphorylation status. However, recent work shows that Rb1 is a convergent point of many pathways and thus the regulation of its function through post-translational modifications is more complex than initially expected. Moreover, depending on the context, downstream signaling can be both E2F-dependent and -independent. This review seeks to summarize the most recent research on Rb1 function and regulation and discuss potential avenues for the design of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Janostiak
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Torres-Sanchez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (E.d.N.); Tel.: +34-93-403-4810 (F.P.); +34-93-403-9895 (E.d.N.)
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (E.d.N.); Tel.: +34-93-403-4810 (F.P.); +34-93-403-9895 (E.d.N.)
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18
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Chimplee S, Roytrakul S, Sukrong S, Srisawat T, Graidist P, Kanokwiroon K. Anticancer Effects and Molecular Action of 7-α-Hydroxyfrullanolide in G2/M-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:407. [PMID: 35056723 PMCID: PMC8779136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. TNBC cells respond poorly to targeted chemotherapies currently in use and the mortality rate of TNBC remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new chemotherapeutic agents for TNBC. In this study, the anti-cancer effects of 7-α-hydroxyfrullanolide (7HF), derived from Grangea maderaspatana, on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells were assessed using MTT assay. The mode of action of 7HF in TNBC cells treated with 6, 12 and 24 µM of 7HF was determined by flow cytometry and propidium iodide (PI) staining for cell cycle analysis and annexin V/fluorescein isothiocyanate + PI staining for detecting apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of action of 7HF in TNBC cells was investigated by evaluating protein expression using proteomic techniques and western blotting. Subsequently, 7HF exhibited the strongest anti-TNBC activity toward MDA-MB-468 cells and a concomitantly weak toxicity toward normal breast cells. The molecular mechanism of action of low-dose 7HF in TNBC cells primarily involved G2/M-phase arrest through upregulation of the expression of Bub3, cyclin B1, phosphorylated Cdk1 (Tyr 15) and p53-independent p21. Contrastingly, the upregulation of PP2A-A subunit expression may have modulated the suppression of various cell survival proteins such as p-Akt (Ser 473), FoxO3a and β-catenin. The concurrent apoptotic effect of 7HF on the treated cells was mediated via both intrinsic and extrinsic modes through the upregulation of Bax and active cleaved caspase-7-9 expression and downregulation of Bcl-2 and full-length caspase-7-9 expression. Notably, the proteomic approach revealed the upregulation of the expression of pivotal protein clusters associated with G1/S-phase arrest, G2/M-phase transition and apoptosis. Thus, 7HF exhibits promising anti-TNBC activity and at a low dose, it modulates signal transduction associated with G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriphorn Chimplee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Theera Srisawat
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Surat Thani Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand;
- Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fisheries, Surat Thani Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.C.); (P.G.)
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19
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Kello M, Kuruc T, Petrova K, Goga M, Michalova Z, Coma M, Rucova D, Mojzis J. Pro-Apoptotic Potential of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf Extract and Isolated Physodic Acid in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Model In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122173. [PMID: 34959454 PMCID: PMC8703293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequently diagnosed type of leukemia among children. Although chemotherapy is a common treatment for cancer, it has a wide range of serious side effects, including myelo- and immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Combination therapies using natural substances are widely recommended to attenuate the adverse effects of chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-leukemic potential of extract from the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (PSE) and isolated physodic acid (Phy) in an in vitro ALL model. A screening assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting were used to analyze apoptosis occurrence, oxidative stress, DNA damage and stress/survival/apoptotic pathway modulation induced by the tested substances in Jurkat cells. We demonstrate for the first time that PSE and Phy treatment-induced intrinsic caspase-dependent cell death was associated with increased oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest with the activation of cell cycle checkpoint proteins p53, p21 and p27 and stress/survival kinases p38 MAPK, JNK and PI3K/Akt. Moreover, using peripheral T lymphocytes, we confirmed that PSE and Phy treatment caused minimal cytotoxicity in normal cells, and therefore, these naturally occurring lichen secondary metabolites could be promising substances for ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (T.K.); (K.P.); (Z.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Tomas Kuruc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (T.K.); (K.P.); (Z.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Klaudia Petrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (T.K.); (K.P.); (Z.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Michal Goga
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Zuzana Michalova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (T.K.); (K.P.); (Z.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Matus Coma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (T.K.); (K.P.); (Z.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Dajana Rucova
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (T.K.); (K.P.); (Z.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.M.)
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20
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Wei T, Grace M, Uberoi A, Romero-Masters JC, Lee D, Lambert PF, Munger K. The Mus musculus Papillomavirus Type 1 E7 Protein Binds to the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor: Implications for Viral Pathogenesis. mBio 2021; 12:e0227721. [PMID: 34465025 PMCID: PMC8406179 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02277-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The species specificity of papillomaviruses has been a significant roadblock for performing in vivo pathogenesis studies in common model organisms. The Mus musculus papillomavirus type 1 (MmuPV1) causes cutaneous papillomas that can progress to squamous cell carcinomas in laboratory mice. The papillomavirus E6 and E7 genes encode proteins that establish and maintain a cellular milieu that allows for viral genome synthesis and viral progeny synthesis in growth-arrested, terminally differentiated keratinocytes. The E6 and E7 proteins provide this activity by binding to and functionally reprogramming key cellular regulatory proteins. The MmuPV1 E7 protein lacks the canonical LXCXE motif that mediates the binding of multiple viral oncoproteins to the cellular retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, RB1. Our proteomic experiments, however, revealed that MmuPV1 E7 still interacts with RB1. We show that MmuPV1 E7 interacts through its C terminus with the C-terminal domain of RB1. Binding of MmuPV1 E7 to RB1 did not cause significant activation of E2F-regulated cellular genes. MmuPV1 E7 expression was shown to be essential for papilloma formation. Experimental infection of mice with MmuPV1 expressing an E7 mutant that is defective for binding to RB1 caused delayed onset, lower incidence, and smaller sizes of papillomas. Our results demonstrate that the MmuPV1 E7 gene is essential and that targeting noncanonical activities of RB1, which are independent of RB1's ability to modulate the expression of E2F-regulated genes, contribute to papillomavirus-mediated pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Papillomavirus infections cause a variety of epithelial hyperplastic lesions, or warts. While most warts are benign, some papillomaviruses cause lesions that can progress to squamous cell carcinomas, and approximately 5% of all human cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. The papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins are thought to function to reprogram host epithelial cells to enable viral genome replication in terminally differentiated, normally growth-arrested cells. E6 and E7 lack enzymatic activities and function by interacting and functionally altering host cell regulatory proteins. Many cellular proteins that can interact with E6 and E7 have been identified, but the biological relevance of these interactions for viral pathogenesis has not been determined. This is because papillomaviruses are species specific and do not infect heterologous hosts. Here, we use a recently established mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) model to investigate the role of the E7 protein in viral pathogenesis. We show that MmuPV1 E7 is necessary for papilloma formation. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB1) is targeted by many papillomaviral E7 proteins, including cancer-associated HPVs. We show that MmuPV1 E7 can bind RB1 and that infection with a mutant MmuPV1 virus that expresses an RB1 binding-defective E7 mutant caused smaller and fewer papillomas that arise with delayed kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miranda Grace
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aayushi Uberoi
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James C. Romero-Masters
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Denis Lee
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karl Munger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Linn P, Kohno S, Sheng J, Kulathunga N, Yu H, Zhang Z, Voon D, Watanabe Y, Takahashi C. Targeting RB1 Loss in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153737. [PMID: 34359636 PMCID: PMC8345210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Irreversible defects in RB1 tumor suppressor functions often predict poor outcomes in cancer patients. However, the RB1-defecient status can be a benefit as well for them, as it generates a variety of vulnerabilities induced through the upregulation of RB1 targets, relief from functional restrictions due to RB1 binding, presence of genes whose inactivation cause synthetic lethality with RB1 loss, or collateral synthetic lethality owing to simultaneous loss of neighboring genes. Abstract Retinoblastoma protein 1 (RB1) is encoded by a tumor suppressor gene that was discovered more than 30 years ago. Almost all mitogenic signals promote cell cycle progression by braking on the function of RB1 protein through mono- and subsequent hyper-phosphorylation mediated by cyclin-CDK complexes. The loss of RB1 function drives tumorigenesis in limited types of malignancies including retinoblastoma and small cell lung cancer. In a majority of human cancers, RB1 function is suppressed during tumor progression through various mechanisms. The latter gives rise to the acquisition of various phenotypes that confer malignant progression. The RB1-targeted molecules involved in such phenotypic changes are good quarries for cancer therapy. Indeed, a variety of novel therapies have been proposed to target RB1 loss. In particular, the inhibition of a number of mitotic kinases appeared to be synthetic lethal with RB1 deficiency. A recent study focusing on a neighboring gene that is often collaterally deleted together with RB1 revealed a pharmacologically targetable vulnerability in RB1-deficient cancers. Here we summarize current understanding on possible therapeutic approaches targeting functional or genomic aberration of RB1 in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paing Linn
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jindan Sheng
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Nilakshi Kulathunga
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hai Yu
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Dominic Voon
- Institute of Frontier Sciences Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | | | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-264-6750; Fax: +81-76-234-4521
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22
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Kelso S, Orlicky S, Beenstock J, Ceccarelli DF, Kurinov I, Gish G, Sicheri F. Bipartite binding of the N terminus of Skp2 to cyclin A. Structure 2021; 29:975-988.e5. [PMID: 33989513 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skp2 and cyclin A are cell-cycle regulators that control the activity of CDK2. Cyclin A acts as an activator and substrate recruitment factor of CDK2, while Skp2 mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent destruction of the CDK inhibitor protein p27. The N terminus of Skp2 can interact directly with cyclin A but is not required for p27 ubiquitination. To gain insight into this poorly understood interaction, we have solved the 3.2 Å X-ray crystal structure of the N terminus of Skp2 bound to cyclin A. The structure reveals a bipartite mode of interaction with two motifs in Skp2 recognizing two discrete surfaces on cyclin A. The uncovered binding mechanism allows for a rationalization of the inhibitory effect of Skp2 on CDK2-cyclin A kinase activity toward the RxL motif containing substrates and raises the possibility that other intermolecular regulators and substrates may use similar non-canonical modes of interaction for cyclin targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kelso
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stephen Orlicky
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jonah Beenstock
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Derek F Ceccarelli
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Igor Kurinov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, NE-CAT, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Gerald Gish
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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23
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Wang J, Aldahamsheh O, Ferrena A, Borjihan H, Singla A, Yaguare S, Singh S, Viscarret V, Tingling J, Zi X, Lo Y, Gorlick R, Zheng D, Schwartz EL, Zhao H, Yang R, Geller DS, Hoang BH. The interaction of SKP2 with p27 enhances the progression and stemness of osteosarcoma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1490:90-104. [PMID: 33594717 PMCID: PMC8632790 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive malignancy for which treatment has remained essentially unchanged for years. Our previous studies found that the F-box protein SKP2 is overexpressed in osteosarcoma, acting as a proto-oncogene; p27Kip1 (p27) is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and a downstream substrate of SKP2-mediated ubiquitination. Overexpression of SKP2 and underexpression of p27 are common characteristics of cancer cells. The SCFSKP2 E3 ligase ubiquitinates Thr187-phosphorylated p27 for proteasome degradation, which can be abolished by a Thr187Ala knock-in (p27T187A KI) mutation. RB1 and TP53 are two major tumor suppressors commonly coinactivated in osteosarcoma. We generated a mouse model with a double knockout (DKO) of Rb1 and Trp53 within cells of the osteoblastic lineage, which developed osteosarcoma with full penetrance. When p27T187A KI mice were crossed on to the DKO background, p27T187A protein was found to accumulate in osteosarcoma tumor tissues. Furthermore, p27T187A promoted apoptosis in DKO tumors, slowed disease progression, and significantly prolonged overall survival. RNA sequencing analysis also linked the SCFSKP2 -p27T187A axis to potentially reduced cancer stemness. Given that RB1 and TP53 loss or coinactivation is common in human osteosarcoma, our study suggests that inhibiting the SKP2-p27 axis may represent a desirable therapeutic strategy for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Osama Aldahamsheh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Alexander Ferrena
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Hasibagan Borjihan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Amit Singla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Simon Yaguare
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Swapnil Singh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Valentina Viscarret
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Janet Tingling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Yungtai Lo
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Edward L. Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine (Oncology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - David S. Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Bang H. Hoang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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24
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Salamina M, Montefiore BC, Liu M, Wood DJ, Heath R, Ault JR, Wang LZ, Korolchuk S, Baslé A, Pastok MW, Reeks J, Tatum NJ, Sobott F, Arold ST, Pagano M, Noble ME, Endicott JA. Discriminative SKP2 Interactions with CDK-Cyclin Complexes Support a Cyclin A-Specific Role in p27KIP1 Degradation. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166795. [PMID: 33422522 PMCID: PMC7895821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.166795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The SCFSKP2 ubiquitin ligase relieves G1 checkpoint control of CDK-cyclin complexes by promoting p27KIP1 degradation. We describe reconstitution of stable complexes containing SKP1-SKP2 and CDK1-cyclin B or CDK2-cyclin A/E, mediated by the CDK regulatory subunit CKS1. We further show that a direct interaction between a SKP2 N-terminal motif and cyclin A can stabilize SKP1-SKP2-CDK2-cyclin A complexes in the absence of CKS1. We identify the SKP2 binding site on cyclin A and demonstrate the site is not present in cyclin B or cyclin E. This site is distinct from but overlapping with features that mediate binding of p27KIP1 and other G1 cyclin regulators to cyclin A. We propose that the capacity of SKP2 to engage with CDK2-cyclin A by more than one structural mechanism provides a way to fine tune the degradation of p27KIP1 and distinguishes cyclin A from other G1 cyclins to ensure orderly cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salamina
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Bailey C. Montefiore
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Alexandria Center of Life Science, East Tower, 450 E, 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel J. Wood
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Richard Heath
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - James R. Ault
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lan-Zhen Wang
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Svitlana Korolchuk
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Arnaud Baslé
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Martyna W. Pastok
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Judith Reeks
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Natalie J. Tatum
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Frank Sobott
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Alexandria Center of Life Science, East Tower, 450 E, 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Martin E.M. Noble
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jane A. Endicott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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25
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Briest F, Koziolek EJ, Albrecht J, Schmidt F, Bernsen MR, Haeck J, Kühl AA, Sedding D, Hartung T, Exner S, Welzel M, Fischer C, Grötzinger C, Brenner W, Baum RP, Grabowski P. Does the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib sensitize to DNA-damaging therapy in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms? - A preclinical assessment in vitro and in vivo. Neoplasia 2020; 23:80-98. [PMID: 33246310 PMCID: PMC7701025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare tumors with a slow proliferation. They are virtually resistant to many DNA-damaging therapeutic approaches, such as chemo- and external beam therapy, which might be overcome by DNA damage inhibition induced by proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we assessed several combined treatment modalities in vitro and in vivo. By cell-based functional analyses, in a 3D in ovo and an orthotopic mouse model, we demonstrated sensitizing effects of bortezomib combined with cisplatin, radiation and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). By gene expression profiling and western blot, we explored the underlying mechanisms, which resulted in an impaired DNA damage repair. Therapy-induced DNA damage triggered extrinsic proapoptotic signaling as well as the induction of cell cycle arrest, leading to a decreased vital tumor volume and altered tissue composition shown by magnetic resonance imaging and F-18-FDG-PET in vivo, however with no significant additional benefit related to PRRT alone. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that bortezomib has short-term sensitizing effects when combined with DNA damaging therapy by interfering with DNA repair in vitro and in ovo. Nevertheless, due to high tumor heterogeneity after PRRT in long-term observations, we were not able to prove a therapeutic advantage of bortezomib-combined PRRT in an in vivo mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Briest
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität (FU) Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eva J Koziolek
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Albrecht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Germany
| | - Fränze Schmidt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Joost Haeck
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja A Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | - Dagmar Sedding
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität (HU) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Hartung
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samantha Exner
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Tumor Targeting Laboratory, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Welzel
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Fischer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Grötzinger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Tumor Targeting Laboratory, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Germany; Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard P Baum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zentralklinik Bad Berka GmbH, Bad Berka, Germany; CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, DKD Helios Clinic, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Patricia Grabowski
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka GmbH, Bad Berka, Germany; Department of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Retinoblastoma: Etiology, Modeling, and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082304. [PMID: 32824373 PMCID: PMC7465685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a retinal cancer that is initiated in response to biallelic loss of RB1 in almost all cases, together with other genetic/epigenetic changes culminating in the development of cancer. RB1 deficiency makes the retinoblastoma cell-of-origin extremely susceptible to cancerous transformation, and the tumor cell-of-origin appears to depend on the developmental stage and species. These are important to establish reliable preclinical models to study the disease and develop therapies. Although retinoblastoma is the most curable pediatric cancer with a high survival rate, advanced tumors limit globe salvage and are often associated with high-risk histopathological features predictive of dissemination. The advent of chemotherapy has improved treatment outcomes, which is effective for globe preservation with new routes of targeted drug delivery. However, molecularly targeted therapeutics with more effectiveness and less toxicity are needed. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning retinoblastoma genesis with particular attention to the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes with correlations to clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the retinoblastoma cell-of-origin and current disease models. We further discuss current treatments, clinicopathological correlations, which assist in guiding treatment and may facilitate globe preservation, and finally we discuss targeted therapeutics for future treatments.
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27
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Lord CJ, Quinn N, Ryan CJ. Integrative analysis of large-scale loss-of-function screens identifies robust cancer-associated genetic interactions. eLife 2020; 9:e58925. [PMID: 32463358 PMCID: PMC7289598 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic interactions, including synthetic lethal effects, can now be systematically identified in cancer cell lines using high-throughput genetic perturbation screens. Despite this advance, few genetic interactions have been reproduced across multiple studies and many appear highly context-specific. Here, by developing a new computational approach, we identified 220 robust driver-gene associated genetic interactions that can be reproduced across independent experiments and across non-overlapping cell line panels. Analysis of these interactions demonstrated that: (i) oncogene addiction effects are more robust than oncogene-related synthetic lethal effects; and (ii) robust genetic interactions are enriched among gene pairs whose protein products physically interact. Exploiting the latter observation, we used a protein-protein interaction network to identify robust synthetic lethal effects associated with passenger gene alterations and validated two new synthetic lethal effects. Our results suggest that protein-protein interaction networks can be used to prioritise therapeutic targets that will be more robust to tumour heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lord
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Niall Quinn
- School of Computer Science and Systems Biology Ireland, University College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Colm J Ryan
- School of Computer Science and Systems Biology Ireland, University College DublinDublinIreland
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28
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Asmamaw MD, Liu Y, Zheng YC, Shi XJ, Liu HM. Skp2 in the ubiquitin-proteasome system: A comprehensive review. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1920-1949. [PMID: 32391596 DOI: 10.1002/med.21675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a complex process that regulates protein stability and activity by the sequential actions of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes to influence diverse aspects of eukaryotic cells. However, due to the diversity of proteins in cells, substrate selection is a highly critical part of the process. As a key player in UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases recruit substrates for ubiquitination specifically. Among them, RING E3 ubiquitin ligases which are the most abundant E3 ubiquitin ligases contribute to diverse cellular processes. The multisubunit cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of RING E3 ubiquitin ligases with tremendous plasticity in substrate specificity and regulate a vast array of cellular functions. The F-box protein Skp2 is a component of CRL1 (the prototype of CRLs) which is expressed in many tissues and participates in multiple cellular functions such as cell proliferation, metabolism, and tumorigenesis by contributing to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of several specific tumor suppressors. Most importantly, Skp2 plays a pivotal role in a plethora of cancer-associated signaling pathways. It enhances cell growth, accelerates cell cycle progression, promotes migration and invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis among others. Hence, targeting Skp2 may represent a novel and attractive strategy for the treatment of different human cancers overexpressing this oncogene. In this review article, we summarized the known roles of Skp2 both in health and disease states in relation to the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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29
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Jhanwar SC, Xu XL, Elahi AH, Abramson DH. Cancer genomics of lung cancer including malignant mesothelioma: A brief overview of current status and future prospects. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 78:100723. [PMID: 32992231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer as a genetic disease is by now well recognized. Genomic analysis of cancer cells, therefore, has greatly enhanced our ability to identify genetic alterations associated with various cancer types, including both lympho-hematopoietic as well as solid tumors. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), based on the specific diagnostic genetic abnormality has served as a prototype disease to clearly demonstrate the significance of the genomic analysis of cancer in identifying targeted therapy. Such a success has provided extra ordinary opportunities to investigate the role of genetic abnormalities and the pathways amenable to targeted therapy, not only in blood cancers but solid tumors such as Lung, Brain, Colon, Renal, Breast cancers as well as other epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. The main focus of this presentation is to illustrate the role of genomic analysis in targeting lung cancer, based on abnormalities or the pathways deregulated in tumor cells from individual patients. Lung cancer is one of the most common epithelial cancers associated with chronic inflammation due to cigarette smoking and other environmental carcinogens, and includes four distinct histologic type; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and squamous cell lung cancer. According to current estimates, 1.3 million cases of lung cancer are expected to be diagnosed worldwide annually, resulting in one million deaths. Since the discovery that patient's tumors with specific mutations in the EGFR may be sensitive to targeted therapeutic approach and the subsequent realization that the such mutations in the gene are not as prevalent, several cancer centers including ours initiated intense efforts to find other mutations or genomic alterations, which may serve as targets of specific therapy. Such efforts have successfully resulted in a battery of genes such as KRAS, ALK, C-MET, HER-2/neu, ROS1, etc., which have helped oncologists to triage the patients for personalized therapies. A significant proportion of patients with lung cancer, however, do not show any of the above genetic abnormalities. Approximately 90% of lung cancers exhibit RB1 mutation/deletion and or KRAS mutations, therefore, the signaling pathways, which regulate multistep tumorigenesis in lung cancer, are important for the treatment of histologic subtypes of lung cancer, which includes NSCLC & SCLC. Equally important was the findings that similar signaling pathways are also shared by other solid tumor types. We have investigated the role of these pathways to target these cancers and develop new strategies to treat lung, brain and related cancers. In addition, our translational studies in other tumor types such as NF2 related malignancies, specifically, Malignant Mesothelioma (MM), in which NF2 related pathway amenable to targeted therapies was identified. Selected examples representing experimental approaches will be discussed to illustrate the critical role of translational research in developing novel therapeutics for the successful and durable responses in some of these cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Jhanwar
- Departments of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275, York Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xiaoliang Leon Xu
- Departments of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275, York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abul H Elahi
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - David H Abramson
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275, York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Deng X, Iwagawa T, Fukushima M, Watanabe S. Characterization of human-induced pluripotent stem cells carrying homozygous RB1 gene deletion. Genes Cells 2020; 25:510-517. [PMID: 32277725 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is an infant cancer that results from loss of RB1 expression in both alleles. The RB1 gene was the first reported cancer suppressor gene; however, the mechanism by which RB1 loss causes cancer in the retina has not yet been clarified. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an ideal tool for mechanistic research regarding retinoblastoma. However, because RB1 is a tumor suppressor, loss of both alleles of RB1 in human iPS cells may affect the phenotype of the cells. To examine this possibility, we established human iPSCs with deletions in both alleles of RB1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technique to characterize the associated phenotype. We first examined the expression of RB1 transcripts by RT-qPCR, and RB1 transcripts were expressed in immature hiPSCs and then the expression levels of RB1 transcripts consistently increased during retinal organoid differentiation in human iPSCs. Expression levels of immature markers including SSEA4, OCT3/4 and NANOG were indistinguishable between control iPSCs and RB1 knockout iPSCs. Proliferative activity was also unaffected by homozygous RB1 deletion. Taken together, we showed that homozygous deletion of RB1 did not affect the maturation and proliferation statuses of human iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Deng
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Iwagawa
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Fukushima
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Watanabe
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Zhao H, Iqbal NJ, Sukrithan V, Nicholas C, Xue Y, Yu C, Locker J, Zou J, Schwartz EL, Zhu L. Targeted Inhibition of the E3 Ligase SCF Skp2/Cks1 Has Antitumor Activity in RB1-Deficient Human and Mouse Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2355-2367. [PMID: 32265224 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The RB1 tumor suppressor gene is mutated in highly aggressive tumors including small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), where its loss, along with TP53, is required and sufficient for tumorigenesis. While RB1-mutant cells fail to arrest at G1-S in response to cell-cycle restriction point signals, this information has not led to effective strategies to treat RB1-deficient tumors, as it is challenging to develop targeted drugs for tumors that are driven by the loss of gene function. Our group previously identified Skp2, a substrate recruiting subunit of the SCF-Skp2 E3 ubiquitin ligase, as an early repression target of pRb whose knockout blocked tumorigenesis in Rb1-deficient prostate and pituitary tumors. Here we used genetic mouse models to demonstrate that deletion of Skp2 completely blocked the formation of SCLC in Rb1/Trp53-knockout mice (RP mice). Skp2 KO caused an increased accumulation of the Skp2-degradation target p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, which was confirmed as the mechanism of protection by using knock-in of a mutant p27 that was unable to bind to Skp2. Building on the observed synthetic lethality between Rb1 and Skp2, we found that small molecules that bind/inhibit Skp2 have in vivo antitumor activity in mouse tumors and human patient-derived xenograft models of SCLC. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, antitumor activity was seen with Skp2 loss or inhibition in established SCLC primary lung tumors, in liver metastases, and in chemotherapy-resistant tumors. Our data highlight a downstream actionable target in RB1-deficient cancers, for which there are currently no targeted therapies available. SIGNIFICANCE: There are no effective therapies for SCLC. The identification of an actionable target downstream of RB1, inactivated in SCLC and other advanced tumors, could have a broad impact on its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Niloy J Iqbal
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Vineeth Sukrithan
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Cari Nicholas
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yingjiao Xue
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Cindy Yu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Joseph Locker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Juntao Zou
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Edward L Schwartz
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. .,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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32
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Cai Z, Moten A, Peng D, Hsu CC, Pan BS, Manne R, Li HY, Lin HK. The Skp2 Pathway: A Critical Target for Cancer Therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:16-33. [PMID: 32014608 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Strictly regulated protein degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for various cellular processes whose dysregulation is linked to serious diseases including cancer. Skp2, a well characterized component of Skp2-SCF E3 ligase complex, is able to conjugate both K48-linked ubiquitin chains and K63-linked ubiquitin chains on its diverse substrates, inducing proteasome mediated proteolysis or modulating the function of tagged substrates respectively. Overexpression of Skp2 is observed in various human cancers associated with poor survival and adverse therapeutic outcomes, which in turn suggests that Skp2 engages in tumorigenic activity. To that end, the oncogenic properties of Skp2 are demonstrated by various genetic mouse models, highlighting the potential of Skp2 as a target for tackling cancer. In this article, we will describe the downstream substrates of Skp2 as well as upstream regulators for Skp2-SCF complex activity. We will further summarize the comprehensive oncogenic functions of Skp2 while describing diverse strategies and therapeutic platforms currently available for developing Skp2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Asad Moten
- National Capital Consortium, Department of Defense, Washington DC, 20307, USA; Institute for Complex Systems, HealthNovations International, Houston, TX, 77089, USA; Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Rajeshkumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Science, 200 South Cedar, Little Rock AR 72202, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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33
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Pérez-Benavente B, Nasresfahani AF, Farràs R. Ubiquitin-Regulated Cell Proliferation and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:3-28. [PMID: 32274751 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin ligases (E3) play a crucial role in the regulation of different cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation via recognition, interaction, and ubiquitination of key cellular proteins in a spatial and temporal regulated manner. The type of ubiquitin chain formed determines the fate of the substrates. The ubiquitinated substrates can be degraded by the proteasome, display altered subcellular localization, or can suffer modifications on their interaction with functional protein complexes. Deregulation of E3 activities is frequently found in various human pathologies, including cancer. The illegitimated or accelerated degradation of oncosuppressive proteins or, inversely, the abnormally high accumulation of oncoproteins, contributes to cell proliferation and transformation. Anomalies in protein abundance may be related to mutations that alter the direct or indirect recognition of proteins by the E3 enzymes or alterations in the level of expression or activity of ubiquitin ligases. Through a few examples, we illustrate here the complexity and diversity of the molecular mechanisms related to protein ubiquitination involved in cell cycle regulation. We will discuss the role of ubiquitin-dependent degradation mediated by the proteasome, the role of non-proteolytic ubiquitination during cell cycle progression, and the consequences of this deregulation on cellular transformation. Finally, we will highlight the novel opportunities that arise from these studies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosa Farràs
- Oncogenic Signaling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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34
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Uxa S, Bernhart SH, Mages CFS, Fischer M, Kohler R, Hoffmann S, Stadler PF, Engeland K, Müller GA. DREAM and RB cooperate to induce gene repression and cell-cycle arrest in response to p53 activation. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9087-9103. [PMID: 31400114 PMCID: PMC6753476 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human cancers acquire mutations causing defects in the p53 signaling pathway. The tumor suppressor p53 becomes activated in response to genotoxic stress and is essential for arresting the cell cycle to facilitate DNA repair or to initiate apoptosis. p53-induced cell cycle-arrest is mediated by expression of the CDK inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1, which prevents phosphorylation and inactivation of the pocket proteins RB, p130, and p107. In a hypophosphorylated state, pocket proteins bind to E2F factors forming RB-E2F and DREAM transcriptional repressor complexes. Here, we analyze the influence of RB and DREAM on p53-induced gene repression and cell-cycle arrest. We show that abrogation of DREAM function by knockout of the DREAM component LIN37 results in a reduced repression of cell-cycle genes. We identify the genes repressed by the p53-DREAM pathway and describe a set of genes that is downregulated by p53 independent of LIN37/DREAM. Most strikingly, p53-dependent repression of cell-cycle genes is completely abrogated in LIN37-/-;RB-/- cells leading to a loss of the G1/S checkpoint. Taken together, we show that DREAM and RB are key factors in the p53 signaling pathway to downregulate a large number of cell-cycle genes and to arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Uxa
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Medical School, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan H Bernhart
- Transcriptome Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina F S Mages
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Medical School, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robin Kohler
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Medical School, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Transcriptome Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; and Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions Dresden/Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Wien, Austria.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad National de Colombia, Sede Bogota, Colombia.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Medical School, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerd A Müller
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Medical School, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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35
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Masnadi-Shirazi M, Maurya MR, Pao G, Ke E, Verma IM, Subramaniam S. Time varying causal network reconstruction of a mouse cell cycle. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:294. [PMID: 31142274 PMCID: PMC6542064 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biochemical networks are often described through static or time-averaged measurements of the component macromolecules. Temporal variation in these components plays an important role in both describing the dynamical nature of the network as well as providing insights into causal mechanisms. Few methods exist, specifically for systems with many variables, for analyzing time series data to identify distinct temporal regimes and the corresponding time-varying causal networks and mechanisms. Results In this study, we use well-constructed temporal transcriptional measurements in a mammalian cell during a cell cycle, to identify dynamical networks and mechanisms describing the cell cycle. The methods we have used and developed in part deal with Granger causality, Vector Autoregression, Estimation Stability with Cross Validation and a nonparametric change point detection algorithm that enable estimating temporally evolving directed networks that provide a comprehensive picture of the crosstalk among different molecular components. We applied our approach to RNA-seq time-course data spanning nearly two cell cycles from Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) primary cells. The change-point detection algorithm is able to extract precise information on the duration and timing of cell cycle phases. Using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Estimation Stability with Cross Validation (ES-CV), we were able to, without any prior biological knowledge, extract information on the phase-specific causal interaction of cell cycle genes, as well as temporal interdependencies of biological mechanisms through a complete cell cycle. Conclusions The temporal dependence of cellular components we provide in our model goes beyond what is known in the literature. Furthermore, our inference of dynamic interplay of multiple intracellular mechanisms and their temporal dependence on one another can be used to predict time-varying cellular responses, and provide insight on the design of precise experiments for modulating the regulation of the cell cycle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-2895-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Masnadi-Shirazi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mano R Maurya
- Department of Bioengineering and San Diego Supercomputer center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gerald Pao
- Salk institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eugene Ke
- Salk institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Inder M Verma
- Salk institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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36
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Thwaites MJ, Cecchini MJ, Passos DT, Zakirova K, Dick FA. Context dependent roles for RB-E2F transcriptional regulation in tumor suppression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0203577. [PMID: 30703085 PMCID: PMC6354955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RB-E2F transcriptional control plays a key role in regulating the timing of cell cycle progression from G1 to S-phase in response to growth factor stimulation. Despite this role, it is genetically dispensable for cell cycle exit in primary fibroblasts in response to growth arrest signals. Mice engineered to be defective for RB-E2F transcriptional control at cell cycle genes were also found to live a full lifespan with no susceptibility to cancer. Based on this background we sought to probe the vulnerabilities of RB-E2F transcriptional control defects found in Rb1R461E,K542E mutant mice (Rb1G) through genetic crosses with other mouse strains. We generated Rb1G/G mice in combination with Trp53 and Cdkn1a deficiencies, as well as in combination with KrasG12D. The Rb1G mutation enhanced Trp53 cancer susceptibility, but had no effect in combination with Cdkn1a deficiency or KrasG12D. Collectively, this study indicates that compromised RB-E2F transcriptional control is not uniformly cancer enabling, but rather has potent oncogenic effects when combined with specific vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Thwaites
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniel T. Passos
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Komila Zakirova
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederick A. Dick
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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37
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Sanidas I, Morris R, Fella KA, Rumde PH, Boukhali M, Tai EC, Ting DT, Lawrence MS, Haas W, Dyson NJ. A Code of Mono-phosphorylation Modulates the Function of RB. Mol Cell 2019; 73:985-1000.e6. [PMID: 30711375 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyper-phosphorylation of RB controls its interaction with E2F and inhibits its tumor suppressor properties. However, during G1 active RB can be mono-phosphorylated on any one of 14 CDK phosphorylation sites. Here, we used quantitative proteomics to profile protein complexes formed by each mono-phosphorylated RB isoform (mP-RB) and identified the associated transcriptional outputs. The results show that the 14 sites of mono-phosphorylation co-ordinate RB's interactions and confer functional specificity. All 14 mP-RBs interact with E2F/DP proteins, but they provide different shades of E2F regulation. RB mono-phosphorylation at S811, for example, alters RB transcriptional activity by promoting its association with NuRD complexes. The greatest functional differences between mP-RBs are evident beyond the cell cycle machinery. RB mono-phosphorylation at S811 or T826 stimulates the expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes, increasing cellular oxygen consumption. These results indicate that RB activation signals are integrated in a phosphorylation code that determines the diversity of RB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Sanidas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Katerina A Fella
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Purva H Rumde
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Myriam Boukhali
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eric C Tai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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38
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Brough R, Gulati A, Haider S, Kumar R, Campbell J, Knudsen E, Pettitt SJ, Ryan CJ, Lord CJ. Identification of highly penetrant Rb-related synthetic lethal interactions in triple negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:5701-5718. [PMID: 29915391 PMCID: PMC6202330 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although defects in the RB1 tumour suppressor are one of the more common driver alterations found in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), therapeutic approaches that exploit this have not been identified. By integrating molecular profiling data with data from multiple genetic perturbation screens, we identified candidate synthetic lethal (SL) interactions associated with RB1 defects in TNBC. We refined this analysis by identifying the highly penetrant effects, reasoning that these would be more robust in the face of molecular heterogeneity and would represent more promising therapeutic targets. A significant proportion of the highly penetrant RB1 SL effects involved proteins closely associated with RB1 function, suggesting that this might be a defining characteristic. These included nuclear pore complex components associated with the MAD2 spindle checkpoint protein, the kinase and bromodomain containing transcription factor TAF1, and multiple components of the SCFSKP Cullin F box containing complex. Small-molecule inhibition of SCFSKP elicited an increase in p27Kip levels, providing a mechanistic rationale for RB1 SL. Transcript expression of SKP2, a SCFSKP component, was elevated in RB1-defective TNBCs, suggesting that in these tumours, SKP2 activity might buffer the effects of RB1 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Brough
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rahul Kumar
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Erik Knudsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Colm J Ryan
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
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39
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Abbastabar M, Kheyrollah M, Azizian K, Bagherlou N, Tehrani SS, Maniati M, Karimian A. Multiple functions of p27 in cell cycle, apoptosis, epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation for the control of cell growth: A double-edged sword protein. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 69:63-72. [PMID: 30075372 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is controlled by precise mechanisms to prevent malignancies such as cancer, and the cell needs these tight and advanced controls. Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27 (also known as KIP1) is a factor that inhibits the progression of the cell cycle by using specific molecular mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of p27 on the cell cycle is mediated by CDKs inhibition. Other important functions of p27 include cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Post- translational modification of p27 by phosphorylation and ubiquitination respectively regulates interaction between p27 and cyclin/CDK complex and degradation of p27. In this review, we focus on the multiple function of p27 in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, epigenetic modifications and post- translational modification, and briefly discuss the mechanisms and factors that have important roles in p27 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbastabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kheyrollah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Bagherlou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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40
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Rouaud F, Hamouda-Tekaya N, Cerezo M, Abbe P, Zangari J, Hofman V, Ohanna M, Mograbi B, El-Hachem N, Benfodda Z, Lebeau A, Tulic MK, Hofman P, Bertolotto C, Passeron T, Annicotte JS, Ballotti R, Rocchi S. E2F1 inhibition mediates cell death of metastatic melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:527. [PMID: 29743521 PMCID: PMC5943238 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal cancers when it reaches a metastatic stage. Despite advancements in targeted therapies (BRAF inhibitors) or immunotherapies (anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD1), most patients with melanoma will need additional treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutical approaches to bypass resistance and achieve more prolonged responses. In this context, we were interested in E2F1, a transcription factor that plays a major role in the control of cell cycle under physiological and pathological conditions. Here we confirmed that E2F1 is highly expressed in melanoma cells. Inhibition of E2F1 activity further increased melanoma cell death and senescence, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, blocking E2F1 also induced death of melanoma cells resistant to BRAF inhibitors. In conclusion, our studies suggest that targeting the E2F1 signaling pathway may be therapeutically relevant for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rouaud
- INSERM, U1065, team 12, Study of molecular mechanisms involved in pigmentation and melanoma using translational approaches, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France.,Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Nedra Hamouda-Tekaya
- INSERM, U1065, team 12, Study of molecular mechanisms involved in pigmentation and melanoma using translational approaches, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France.,Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Michaël Cerezo
- INSERM, U1065, team 12, Study of molecular mechanisms involved in pigmentation and melanoma using translational approaches, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France.,Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Patricia Abbe
- INSERM, U1065, team 12, Study of molecular mechanisms involved in pigmentation and melanoma using translational approaches, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France.,Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Joséphine Zangari
- Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France.,Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Veronique Hofman
- Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France.,Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, 06107, Nice, France.,Laboratoire de pathologie clinique et expérimentale et Hospital-related biobank (BB-0033-00025), Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Mickaël Ohanna
- INSERM, U1065, team 12, Study of molecular mechanisms involved in pigmentation and melanoma using translational approaches, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France.,Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France.,Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Najla El-Hachem
- INSERM, U1065, team 12, Study of molecular mechanisms involved in pigmentation and melanoma using translational approaches, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France.,Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- Laboratoire de Détection, évaluation gestion des risques émergents et chroniques, Université de Nimes, Nîmes, France
| | - Alexandre Lebeau
- Laboratoire de Détection, évaluation gestion des risques émergents et chroniques, Université de Nimes, Nîmes, France
| | - Meri K Tulic
- INSERM, U1065, team 12, Study of molecular mechanisms involved in pigmentation and melanoma using translational approaches, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France.,Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France.,Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, 06107, Nice, France.,Laboratoire de pathologie clinique et expérimentale et Hospital-related biobank (BB-0033-00025), Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France.,Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 1, INSERM U1065, Nice, France
| | - Thierry Passeron
- INSERM, U1065, team 12, Study of molecular mechanisms involved in pigmentation and melanoma using translational approaches, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France.,Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Archet II, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Robert Ballotti
- Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France.,Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 1, INSERM U1065, Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM, U1065, team 12, Study of molecular mechanisms involved in pigmentation and melanoma using translational approaches, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France. .,Université Cote d'azur, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France.
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Betancor-Fernández I, Timson DJ, Salido E, Pey AL. Natural (and Unnatural) Small Molecules as Pharmacological Chaperones and Inhibitors in Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 245:155-190. [PMID: 28993836 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations causing single amino acid exchanges can dramatically affect protein stability and function, leading to disease. In this chapter, we will focus on several representative cases in which such mutations affect protein stability and function leading to cancer. Mutations in BRAF and p53 have been extensively characterized as paradigms of loss-of-function/gain-of-function mechanisms found in a remarkably large fraction of tumours. Loss of RB1 is strongly associated with cancer progression, although the molecular mechanisms by which missense mutations affect protein function and stability are not well known. Polymorphisms in NQO1 represent a remarkable example of the relationships between intracellular destabilization and inactivation due to dynamic alterations in protein ensembles leading to loss of function. We will review the function of these proteins and their dysfunction in cancer and then describe in some detail the effects of the most relevant cancer-associated single amino exchanges using a translational perspective, from the viewpoints of molecular genetics and pathology, protein biochemistry and biophysics, structural, and cell biology. This will allow us to introduce several representative examples of natural and synthetic small molecules applied and developed to overcome functional, stability, and regulatory alterations due to cancer-associated amino acid exchanges, which hold the promise for using them as potential pharmacological cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Betancor-Fernández
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, 38320, Spain
| | - David J Timson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, 38320, Spain
| | - Angel L Pey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
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42
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Abstract
The ability to sustain unscheduled proliferation is a hallmark of cancer. The normal process of cell division occurs via the cell cycle, a series of highly regulated steps that are orchestrated at the molecular level by specific cyclins that act in association with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cyclin D and CDK4/6 play a key role in cell-cycle progression by phosphorylating and inactivating the retinoblastoma protein, a tumor suppressor that restrains G1- to S-phase progression. The first-generation CDK inhibitors demonstrated broad activity upon several CDKs, which likely explains their considerable toxicities and limited efficacy. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib represent a new class of highly specific ATP-competitive CDK4/6 inhibitors that induce reversible G1-phase cell-cycle arrest in retinoblastoma-positive tumor models. Both palbociclib and ribociclib have been approved in combination with hormone-based therapy for the treatment of naïve hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer on the basis of an improvement in progression-free survival. In general, CDK4/6 inhibitors are cytostatic as monotherapy but demonstrate favorable tolerability, which has prompted interest in combination approaches. Combinations with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in breast cancer, and inhibitors of the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in RAS-mutant cancers are particularly promising approaches that are currently being evaluated. Although the subject of intense preclinical study, predictive biomarkers for response and resistance to these drugs remain largely undefined. CDK4/6 inhibitors have emerged as the most promising of the cell-cycle therapeutics and intense efforts are now underway to expand the reach of this paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ingham
- All authors: Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Gary K. Schwartz
- All authors: Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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43
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Fischer M, Müller GA. Cell cycle transcription control: DREAM/MuvB and RB-E2F complexes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:638-662. [PMID: 28799433 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1360836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The precise timing of cell cycle gene expression is critical for the control of cell proliferation; de-regulation of this timing promotes the formation of cancer and leads to defects during differentiation and development. Entry into and progression through S phase requires expression of genes coding for proteins that function in DNA replication. Expression of a distinct set of genes is essential to pass through mitosis and cytokinesis. Expression of these groups of cell cycle-dependent genes is regulated by the RB pocket protein family, the E2F transcription factor family, and MuvB complexes together with B-MYB and FOXM1. Distinct combinations of these transcription factors promote the transcription of the two major groups of cell cycle genes that are maximally expressed either in S phase (G1/S) or in mitosis (G2/M). In this review, we discuss recent work that has started to uncover the molecular mechanisms controlling the precisely timed expression of these genes at specific cell cycle phases, as well as the repression of the genes when a cell exits the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- a Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Gerd A Müller
- a Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
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44
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Kulinski M, Achkar IW, Haris M, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Uddin S. Dysregulated expression of SKP2 and its role in hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1051-1063. [PMID: 28797197 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1359740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is a well-studied F-box protein and a critical part of the Skp1-Cul1-Fbox (SCF) E3 ligase complex. It controls cell cycle by regulating the expression level of p27 and p21 through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. SKP2-mediated loss of p27Kip1 is associated with poor clinical outcome in various types of cancers including hematological malignancies. It is however well established that SKP2 is an oncogene, and its targeting may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the management of hematological malignancies. In this article, we have highlighted the recent findings from our group and other investigators regarding the role of SKP2 in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kulinski
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- b Translational Medicine Research Branch , Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- c National Center for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
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45
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Traynard P, Fauré A, Fages F, Thieffry D. Logical model specification aided by model-checking techniques: application to the mammalian cell cycle regulation. Bioinformatics 2017; 32:i772-i780. [PMID: 27587700 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Understanding the temporal behaviour of biological regulatory networks requires the integration of molecular information into a formal model. However, the analysis of model dynamics faces a combinatorial explosion as the number of regulatory components and interactions increases. RESULTS We use model-checking techniques to verify sophisticated dynamical properties resulting from the model regulatory structure in the absence of kinetic assumption. We demonstrate the power of this approach by analysing a logical model of the molecular network controlling mammalian cell cycle. This approach enables a systematic analysis of model properties, the delineation of model limitations, and the assessment of various refinements and extensions based on recent experimental observations. The resulting logical model accounts for the main irreversible transitions between cell cycle phases, the sequential activation of cyclins, and the inhibitory role of Skp2, and further emphasizes the multifunctional role for the cell cycle inhibitor Rb. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The original and revised mammalian cell cycle models are available in the model repository associated with the public modelling software GINsim (http://ginsim.org/node/189). CONTACT thieffry@ens.fr SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Traynard
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de L'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France EPI Lifeware, Inria Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Adrien Fauré
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - François Fages
- EPI Lifeware, Inria Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Denis Thieffry
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de L'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France EPI Lifeware, Inria Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
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Kitajima S, Takahashi C. Intersection of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor function, stem cells, metabolism, and inflammation. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1726-1731. [PMID: 28865172 PMCID: PMC5581511 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor regulates G1/S transition during cell cycle progression by modulating the activity of E2F transcription factors. The RB pathway plays a central role in the suppression of most cancers, and RB mutation was initially discovered by virtue of its role in tumor initiation. However, as cancer genome sequencing has evolved to profile more advanced and treatment‐resistant cancers, it has become increasingly clear that, in the majority of cancers, somatic RB inactivation occurs during tumor progression. Furthermore, despite the presence of deregulation of cell cycle control due to an INK4A deletion, additional CCND amplification and/or other mutations in the RB pathway, mutation or deletion of the RB gene is often observed during cancer progression. Of note, RB inactivation during cancer progression not only facilitates G1/S transition but also enhances some characteristics of malignancy, including altered drug sensitivity and a return to the undifferentiated state. Recently, we reported that RB inactivation enhances pro‐inflammatory signaling through stimulation of the interleukin‐6/STAT3 pathway, which directly promotes various malignant features of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight the consequences of RB inactivation during cancer progression, and discuss the biological and pathological significance of the interaction between RB and pro‐inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Liu F, Cai Y, Rong X, Chen J, Zheng D, Chen L, Zhang J, Luo R, Zhao P, Ruan J. MiR-661 promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by directly inhibiting RB1 in non small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:122. [PMID: 28716024 PMCID: PMC5514511 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant microRNA expression has been implicated in metastasis of cancers. MiR-661 accelerates proliferation and invasion of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, while impedes that of glioma. Its role in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and underlying mechanism are worthy elucidation. METHODS Expression of miR-661 was measured with real-time PCR in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The effects of miR-661 on migration, invasion and metastasis capacity of NSCLC were evaluated using wound healing, transwell assay and animal models. Dual reporter luciferase assay and complementary experiments were performed to validate RB1 as a direct target of miR-661 for participation in the progression of NSCLC. RESULTS MiR-661 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues as compared to paired adjacent tissues and associated with shorter overall survival. Furthermore, miR-661 promoted proliferation, migration and metastasis of NSCLC. Then, we identified RB1 as a direct target of miR-661 through which miR-661 affected EMT process and metastasis of NSCLC. RB1 interacted with E2F1 and both could mediate EMT process in NSCLC. CONCLUSION MiR-661 promotes metastasis of NSCLC through RB/E2F1 signaling and EMT events, thus may serves as a negative prognostic factor and possible target for treatment of NSCLC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiye Liu
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Yanjun Cai
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangdong, 510315, China.,Center for Geriatrics, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People's Liberation Army, Guangdong, 510010, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jinzhang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Dayong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Center for Geriatrics, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People's Liberation Army, Guangdong, 510010, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangdong, 510315, China.
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MYC Modulation around the CDK2/p27/SKP2 Axis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8070174. [PMID: 28665315 PMCID: PMC5541307 DOI: 10.3390/genes8070174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a pleiotropic transcription factor that controls a number of fundamental cellular processes required for the proliferation and survival of normal and malignant cells, including the cell cycle. MYC interacts with several central cell cycle regulators that control the balance between cell cycle progression and temporary or permanent cell cycle arrest (cellular senescence). Among these are the cyclin E/A/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) complexes, the CDK inhibitor p27KIP1 (p27) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase component S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), which control each other by forming a triangular network. MYC is engaged in bidirectional crosstalk with each of these players; while MYC regulates their expression and/or activity, these factors in turn modulate MYC through protein interactions and post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, impacting on MYC's transcriptional output on genes involved in cell cycle progression and senescence. Here we elaborate on these network interactions with MYC and their impact on transcription, cell cycle, replication and stress signaling, and on the role of other players interconnected to this network, such as CDK1, the retinoblastoma protein (pRB), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the F-box proteins FBXW7 and FBXO28, the RAS oncoprotein and the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Finally, we describe how the MYC/CDK2/p27/SKP2 axis impacts on tumor development and discuss possible ways to interfere therapeutically with this system to improve cancer treatment.
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Abstract
In this review, Dyson summarizes some recent developments in pRB research and focuses on progress toward answers for the three fundamental questions that sit at the heart of the pRB literature: What does pRB do? How does the inactivation of RB change the cell? How can our knowledge of RB function be exploited to provide better treatment for cancer patients? The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. RB1 mutations occur in almost all familial and sporadic forms of retinoblastoma, and this gene is mutated at variable frequencies in a variety of other human cancers. Because of its early discovery, the recessive nature of RB1 mutations, and its frequency of inactivation, RB1 is often described as a prototype for the class of tumor suppressor genes. Its gene product (pRB) regulates transcription and is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Although these general features are well established, a precise description of pRB's mechanism of action has remained elusive. Indeed, in many regards, pRB remains an enigma. This review summarizes some recent developments in pRB research and focuses on progress toward answers for the three fundamental questions that sit at the heart of the pRB literature: What does pRB do? How does the inactivation of RB change the cell? How can our knowledge of RB function be exploited to provide better treatment for cancer patients?
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Pappas L, Xu XL, Abramson DH, Jhanwar SC. Genomic instability and proliferation/survival pathways in RB1-deficient malignancies. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 64:20-32. [PMID: 28242412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability (GIN) is a hallmark of most cancer cells. However, compared to most human cancer cell types, the retinoblastoma tumor cells show a relatively stable genome. The fundamental basis of this genomic stability has yet to be elucidated, and the role of certain proteins involved in cell cycle regulation may be the key to the development of these specific genotypes. We examined whether thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 and 2 (TRβ1 and TRβ2), known to regulate tumorigenesis, and PTTG1, a mitotic checkpoint protein, play a role in maintaining genomic stability in retinoblastoma. In order to elucidate the role of these proteins in development of aneuploidy/polyploidy, an indicator of GIN, we first studied comparative GIN in retinoblastomas and multiple RB mutant cancer cell lines using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. We then utilized pLKO lentiviral vectors to selectively modify expression of the targeted cell cycle proteins and interpret their effect on downstream cell cycle proteins and their relative effects on the development of polyploidy in multiple tumor cell lines. The SNP analysis showed that retinoblastomas displayed relatively fewer genomic copy number changes as compared to other RB1-deficient cancer cell lines. Both TRβ1 and TRβ2 knockdown led to accumulation of E2F1 and PTTG1 and increased GIN as demonstrated by an increase in polyploidy. Downregulation of PTTG1 led to a relative decrease in GIN while upregulation of PTTG1 led to a relative increase in GIN. Knockdown of E2F1 led to a downstream decrease in PTTG1 expression. Rb-knockdown also upregulated E2F1 and PTTG1 leading to increased GIN. We showed that Rb is necessary for PTTG1 inhibition and genomic stability. A relatively stable genome in retinoblastoma tumor cells is maintained by TRβ1 and TRβ2-mediated PTTG1 inhibition, counteracting Rb-deficiency-related GIN. TRβ1, TRβ2 and Rb-KD all led to the downstream PTTG1 accumulation, apparently through an activation of E2F1 resulting in extensive genomic instability as seen in other Rb-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pappas
- Departments of Pathology, Pediatrics, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Leon Xu
- Departments of Pathology, Pediatrics, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - David H Abramson
- Departments of Pathology, Pediatrics, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suresh C Jhanwar
- Departments of Pathology, Pediatrics, Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
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