1
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Chen K, Qin H, Li X, Zhou X, Ma J, Guan M. Diagnostic potential of vitreoretinal lymphoma by detection of gene mutations with NGS in 25 Chinese patients. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119827. [PMID: 38909978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is a rare malignant lymphoproliferative tumor. Our study aimed to investigate the mutational profile of VRL distinguishing from uveitis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis on small amounts of vitreous fluid. METHODS Vitreous samples from twenty-six eyes of twenty VRL patients and six eyes of five uveitis patients were enrolled. All vitreous samples underwent cytology, immunocytochemistry for B-cell markers, cytokines analysis of IL-10 and IL-6, and flow cytometry. NGS was performed in vitreous specimens from the 25 patients using 82 DLBCL-targeted mutation panels. Vitreous fluids from 8 cases were performed paired NGS-based mutation analysis on both cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and genomic DNA. RESULTS The sensitivity and accuracy rates for vitreous cytology were 70 % and 76 %, and for cytokine analysis (IL-10/IL-6 > 1) were 65 % and 72 %, respectively. Overall, the common mutations in VRL were PIM1 (88.5 %), IGLL5 (88.5 %), KMT2C (73 %), MYD88 (77 %), CD79B (50 %) and TBL1XR1 (46.2 %). In addition, the genetic mutation in cfDNA was consistent with that in genomic DNA in eight VRL cases. CONCLUSIONS The mutation analysis of 82 DLBCL-targeted spectrum mutation panels by NGS on the vitreous samples is a sensitive and specific tool for distinguishing VRL from uveitis. Utilizing cfDNA for NGS analysis may serve as a liquid biopsy to aid in the diagnosis of VRL, particularly when using small-volume aspirate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Huanhuan Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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2
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Xin J, Bao B, Liu J, Ma Z, Zhang M, Bi H, Guo D. Crosstalk between Myopia and Inflammation: A Mini Review. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1589-1603. [PMID: 39006849 PMCID: PMC11241089 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.94826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Myopia represents a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly affecting the ocular health of children and adolescents. The escalating prevalence of myopia in recent years underscores its urgency as a health issue among this demographic. Research indicates a profound connection between the onset of myopia, inflammatory processes and fibrosis. Individuals with inflammatory conditions like allergic conjunctivitis, choroiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and diabetes exhibit a heightened susceptibility to myopia. Conversely, myopic patients are at an increased risk of developing ocular inflammatory disorders, notably idiopathic multifocal choroiditis. We postulate that the expression of inflammatory markers, including NF-κB, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, may contribute to the chronic inflammatory state observed in myopia. This paper highlights a substantial correlation between myopia and inflammation, suggesting the potential efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents in managing inflammation and slowing myopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Xin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Bo Bao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Zhongyu Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy; Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
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3
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Xu Y, Xu H, Ling T, Cui Y, Zhang J, Mu X, Zhou D, Zhao T, Li Y, Su Z, You Q. Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit epsilon regulates murine acetaminophen toxicity via RIPK1/JNK. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2709-2724. [PMID: 36757501 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) still poses a major clinical challenge and is a leading cause of acute liver failure. Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE) is essential for inflammation and metabolic disorders. However, it is unclear how IKBKE regulates cellular damage in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury. Here, we found that the deficiency of IKBKE markedly aggravated APAP-induced acute liver injury by targeting RIPK1. We showed that APAP-treated IKBKE-deficient mice exhibited severer liver injury, worse mitochondrial integrity, and enhanced glutathione depletion than wild-type mice. IKBKE deficiency may directly upregulate the expression of total RIPK1 and the cleaved RIPK1, resulting in sustained JNK activation and increased translocation of RIPK1/JNK to mitochondria. Moreover, deficiency of IKBKE enhanced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, especially neutrophils and monocytes. Inhibition of RIPK1 activity by necrostatin-1 significantly reduced APAP-induced liver damage. Thus, we have revealed a negative regulatory function of IKBKE, which acts as an RIPK1/JNK regulator to mediate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Targeting IKBKE/RIPK1 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for acute or chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haozhe Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Ling
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yachao Cui
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianmin Mu
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchang Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongping Su
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiang You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Nigam N, Bernard B, Sevilla S, Kim S, Dar MS, Tsai D, Robbins Y, Burkitt K, Sievers C, Allen CT, Bennett RL, Tettey TT, Carter B, Rinaldi L, Lingen MW, Sater H, Edmondson EF, Moshiri A, Saeed A, Cheng H, Luo X, Brennan K, Koparde V, Chen C, Das S, Andresson T, Abdelmaksoud A, Murali M, Sakata S, Takeuchi K, Chari R, Nakamura Y, Uppaluri R, Sunwoo JB, Van Waes C, Licht JD, Hager GL, Saloura V. SMYD3 represses tumor-intrinsic interferon response in HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112823. [PMID: 37463106 PMCID: PMC10407766 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers often display immune escape, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Herein, we identify SMYD3 as a mediator of immune escape in human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive disease with poor response to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab. SMYD3 depletion induces upregulation of multiple type I interferon (IFN) response and antigen presentation machinery genes in HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, SMYD3 binds to and regulates the transcription of UHRF1, encoding for a reader of H3K9me3, which binds to H3K9me3-enriched promoters of key immune-related genes, recruits DNMT1, and silences their expression. SMYD3 further maintains the repression of immune-related genes through intragenic deposition of H4K20me3. In vivo, Smyd3 depletion induces influx of CD8+ T cells and increases sensitivity to anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy. SMYD3 overexpression is associated with decreased CD8 T cell infiltration and poor response to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. These data support combining SMYD3 depletion strategies with checkpoint blockade to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in HPV-negative HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nigam
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Bernard
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samantha Sevilla
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sohyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mohd Saleem Dar
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Tsai
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yvette Robbins
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyunghee Burkitt
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cem Sievers
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clint T Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Theophilus T Tettey
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Carter
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark W Lingen
- University of Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Houssein Sater
- GU Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abbas Saeed
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Kevin Brennan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vishal Koparde
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sudipto Das
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Abdalla Abdelmaksoud
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Madhavi Murali
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seiji Sakata
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan; Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan; Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan; Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan
| | | | - John B Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carter Van Waes
- National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vassiliki Saloura
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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5
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Genetic dissection of TLR9 reveals complex regulatory and cryptic proinflammatory roles in mouse lupus. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1457-1469. [PMID: 36151396 PMCID: PMC9561083 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In lupus, Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9 mediate loss of tolerance to RNA and DNA, respectively. Yet, TLR7 promotes disease, while TLR9 protects from disease, implying differences in signaling. To dissect this 'TLR paradox', we generated two TLR9 point mutants (lacking either ligand (TLR9K51E) or MyD88 (TLR9P915H) binding) in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Ameliorated disease of Tlr9K51E mice compared to Tlr9-/- controls revealed a TLR9 'scaffold' protective function that is ligand and MyD88 independent. Unexpectedly, Tlr9P915H mice were more protected than both Tlr9K51E and Tlr9WT mice, suggesting that TLR9 also possesses ligand-dependent, but MyD88-independent, regulatory signaling and MyD88-mediated proinflammatory signaling. Triple-mixed bone marrow chimeras showed that TLR9-MyD88-independent regulatory roles were B cell intrinsic and restrained differentiation into pathogenic age-associated B cells and plasmablasts. These studies reveal MyD88-independent regulatory roles of TLR9, shedding light on the biology of endosomal TLRs.
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6
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Liu N, Wang X, Steer CJ, Song G. MicroRNA-206 promotes the recruitment of CD8 + T cells by driving M1 polarisation of Kupffer cells. Gut 2022; 71:1642-1655. [PMID: 34706869 PMCID: PMC9279850 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kupffer cells (KCs) protect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by communicating with other immune cells. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of this process is incompletely understood. DESIGN FVB/NJ mice were hydrodynamically injected with AKT/Ras and Sleeping Beauty transposon to induce HCC. Mini-circle and Sleeping Beauty were used to overexpress microRNA-206 in KCs of mice. Flow cytometry and immunostaining were used to evaluate the change in the immune system. RESULTS Hydrodynamic injection of AKT/Ras into mice drove M2 polarisation of KCs and depletion of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and promoted HCC development. M1-to-M2 transition of KCs impaired microRNA-206 biogenesis. By targeting Klf4 (kruppel like factor 4) and, thereby, enhancing the production of M1 markers including C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), microRNA-206 promoted M1 polarisation of macrophages. Indeed, microRNA-206-mediated increase of CCL2 facilitated hepatic recruitment of CTLs via CCR2. Disrupting each component of the KLF4/CCL2/CCR2 axis impaired the ability of microRNA-206 to drive M1 polarisation of macrophages and recruit CTLs. In AKT/Ras mice, KC-specific expression of microRNA-206 drove M1 polarisation of KCs and hepatic recruitment of CTLs and fully prevented HCC, while 100% of control mice died from HCC. Disrupting the interaction between microRNA-206 and Klf4 in KCs and depletion of CD8+ T cells impaired the ability of miR-206 to prevent HCC. CONCLUSIONS M2 polarisation of KCs is a major contributor of HCC in AKT/Ras mice. MicroRNA-206, by driving M1 polarisation of KCs, promoted the recruitment of CD8+ T cells and prevented HCC, suggesting its potential use as an immunotherapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Clifford John Steer
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Guisheng Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Bonzheim I, Sander P, Salmerón-Villalobos J, Süsskind D, Szurman P, Gekeler F, Spitzer MS, Steinhilber J, Kohler E, Büssgen M, Schittenhelm J, Salaverria I, Campo E, Coupland SE, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Fend F. The molecular hallmarks of primary and secondary vitreoretinal lymphoma. Blood Adv 2022; 6:1598-1607. [PMID: 34448823 PMCID: PMC8905692 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) considered a variant of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). The diagnosis of VRL requires examination of vitreous fluid, but cytologic differentiation from uveitis remains difficult. Because of its rarity and the difficulty in obtaining diagnostic material, little is known about the genetic profile of VRL. The purpose of our study was to investigate the mutational profile of a large series of primary and secondary VRL. Targeted next-generation sequencing using a custom panel containing the most frequent mutations in PCNSL was performed on 34 vitrectomy samples from 31 patients with VRL and negative controls with uveitis. In a subset of cases, genome-wide copy number alterations (CNAs) were assessed using the OncoScan platform. Mutations in MYD88 (74%), PIM1 (71%), CD79B (55%), IGLL5 (52%), TBL1XR1 (48%), ETV6 (45%), and 9p21/CDKN2A deletions (75%) were the most common alterations, with similar frequencies in primary (n = 16), synchronous (n = 3), or secondary (n = 12) VRL. This mutational spectrum is similar to MYD88mut/CD79Bmut (MCD or cluster 5) DLBCL with activation of Toll-like and B-cell receptor pathways and CDKN2A loss, confirming their close relationship. OncoScan analysis demonstrated a high number of CNAs (mean 18.6 per case). Negative controls lacked mutations or CNAs. Using cell-free DNA of vitreous fluid supernatant, mutations present in cellular DNA were reliably detected in all cases examined. Mutational analysis is a highly sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of VRL and can also be applied successfully to cell-free DNA derived from the vitreous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bonzheim
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philip Sander
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Salmerón-Villalobos
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Süsskind
- Centre of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Szurman
- Sulzbach Eye Clinic, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Florian Gekeler
- Centre of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin S. Spitzer
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhilber
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Esther Kohler
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Büssgen
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Itziar Salaverria
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah E. Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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CaMKII oxidation is a critical performance/disease trade-off acquired at the dawn of vertebrate evolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3175. [PMID: 34039988 PMCID: PMC8155201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonistic pleiotropy is a foundational theory that predicts aging-related diseases are the result of evolved genetic traits conferring advantages early in life. Here we examine CaMKII, a pluripotent signaling molecule that contributes to common aging-related diseases, and find that its activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) was acquired more than half-a-billion years ago along the vertebrate stem lineage. Functional experiments using genetically engineered mice and flies reveal ancestral vertebrates were poised to benefit from the union of ROS and CaMKII, which conferred physiological advantage by allowing ROS to increase intracellular Ca2+ and activate transcriptional programs important for exercise and immunity. Enhanced sensitivity to the adverse effects of ROS in diseases and aging is thus a trade-off for positive traits that facilitated the early and continued evolutionary success of vertebrates. Natural selection may favor traits underlying aging-related diseases if they benefit the young. Wang et al. find that oxidative activation of CaMKII provides physiological benefits critical to the initial and continued success of vertebrates but at the cost of disease, frailty, and shortened lifespan.
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Nuclear receptor corepressors in intellectual disability and autism. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2220-2236. [PMID: 32034290 PMCID: PMC7842082 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by neurocognitive dysfunctions, such as impaired social interaction and language learning. Gene-environment interactions have a pivotal role in ASD pathogenesis. Nuclear receptor corepressors (NCORs) are transcription co-regulators physically associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs) and many known players in ASD etiology such as transducin β-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 and methyl-CpG binding protein 2. The epigenome-modifying NCOR complex is sensitive to many ASD risk factors, including HDAC inhibitor valproic acid and a variety of endocrine factors, xenobiotic chemicals, or metabolites that can directly bind to multiple nuclear receptors. Here, we review recent studies of NCORs in neurocognition using animal models and human genetics approaches. We discuss functional interplays between NCORs and other known players in ASD etiology. It is conceivable that the NCOR complex may bridge the in utero environmental risk factors of ASD with epigenetic remodeling and can serve as a converging point for many gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of ASD and intellectual disability.
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Venturutti L, Teater M, Zhai A, Chadburn A, Babiker L, Kim D, Béguelin W, Lee TC, Kim Y, Chin CR, Yewdell WT, Raught B, Phillip JM, Jiang Y, Staudt LM, Green MR, Chaudhuri J, Elemento O, Farinha P, Weng AP, Nissen MD, Steidl C, Morin RD, Scott DW, Privé GG, Melnick AM. TBL1XR1 Mutations Drive Extranodal Lymphoma by Inducing a Pro-tumorigenic Memory Fate. Cell 2020; 182:297-316.e27. [PMID: 32619424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The most aggressive B cell lymphomas frequently manifest extranodal distribution and carry somatic mutations in the poorly characterized gene TBL1XR1. Here, we show that TBL1XR1 mutations skew the humoral immune response toward generating abnormal immature memory B cells (MB), while impairing plasma cell differentiation. At the molecular level, TBL1XR1 mutants co-opt SMRT/HDAC3 repressor complexes toward binding the MB cell transcription factor (TF) BACH2 at the expense of the germinal center (GC) TF BCL6, leading to pre-memory transcriptional reprogramming and cell-fate bias. Upon antigen recall, TBL1XR1 mutant MB cells fail to differentiate into plasma cells and instead preferentially reenter new GC reactions, providing evidence for a cyclic reentry lymphomagenesis mechanism. Ultimately, TBL1XR1 alterations lead to a striking extranodal immunoblastic lymphoma phenotype that mimics the human disease. Both human and murine lymphomas feature expanded MB-like cell populations, consistent with a MB-cell origin and delineating an unforeseen pathway for malignant transformation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Venturutti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Matt Teater
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andrew Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leena Babiker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Daleum Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Tak C Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Youngjun Kim
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William T Yewdell
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jude M Phillip
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Center for Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Pedro Farinha
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Andrew P Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Michael D Nissen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - David W Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Gilbert G Privé
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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11
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Orliaguet L, Dalmas E, Drareni K, Venteclef N, Alzaid F. Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarization in Insulin Signaling and Sensitivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:62. [PMID: 32140136 PMCID: PMC7042402 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease of two etiologies: metabolic and inflammatory. At the cross-section of these etiologies lays the phenomenon of metabolic inflammation. Whilst metabolic inflammation is characterized as systemic, a common starting point is the tissue-resident macrophage, who's successful physiological or aberrant pathological adaptation to its microenvironment determines disease course and severity. This review will highlight the key mechanisms in macrophage polarization, inflammatory and non-inflammatory signaling that dictates the development and progression of insulin resistance and T2D. We first describe the known homeostatic functions of tissue macrophages in insulin secreting and major insulin sensitive tissues. Importantly we highlight the known mechanisms of aberrant macrophage activation in these tissues and the ways in which this leads to impairment of insulin sensitivity/secretion and the development of T2D. We next describe the cellular mechanisms that are known to dictate macrophage polarization. We review recent progress in macrophage bio-energetics, an emerging field of research that places cellular metabolism at the center of immune-effector function. Importantly, following the advent of the metabolically-activated macrophage, we cover the known transcriptional and epigenetic factors that canonically and non-canonically dictate macrophage differentiation and inflammatory polarization. In closing perspectives, we discuss emerging research themes and highlight novel non-inflammatory or non-immune roles that tissue macrophages have in maintaining microenvironmental and systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Orliaguet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Karima Drareni
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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12
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Mennillo E, Yang X, Paszek M, Auwerx J, Benner C, Chen S. NCoR1 Protects Mice From Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Guarding Colonic Crypt Cells From Luminal Insult. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:133-147. [PMID: 32044398 PMCID: PMC7229481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colonic stem cells are essential for producing the mucosal lining, which in turn protects stem cells from insult by luminal factors. Discovery of genetic and biochemical events that control stem cell proliferation and differentiation can be leveraged to decipher the causal factors of ulcerative colitis and aid the development of more effective therapy. METHODS We performed in vivo and in vitro studies from control (nuclear receptor corepressor 1 [NCoR1F/F]) and intestinal epithelial cell-specific NCoR1-deficient mice (NCoR1ΔIEC). Mice were challenged with dextran sodium sulfate to induce experimental ulcerative colitis, followed by colitis examination, barrier permeability analysis, cell proliferation immunostaining assays, and RNA sequencing analysis. By using crypt cultures, the organoid-forming efficiency, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and histone acetylation were analyzed after butyrate and/or tumor necrosis factor α treatments. RESULTS NCoR1ΔIEC mice showed a dramatic increase in disease severity in this colitis model, with suppression of proliferative cells at the crypt base as an early event and a concomitant increase in barrier permeability. Genome expression patterns showed an important role for NCoR1 in colonic stem cell proliferation and secretory cell differentiation. Colonic organoids cultured from NCoR1ΔIEC mice were more sensitive to butyrate-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, which were exaggerated further by tumor necrosis factor α co-treatment, which was accompanied by increased histone acetylation. CONCLUSIONS NCoR1 regulates colonic stem cell proliferation and secretory cell differentiation. When NCoR1 is disrupted, barrier protection is weakened, allowing luminal products such as butyrate to penetrate and synergistically damage the colonic crypt cells. Transcript profiling: RNA sequencing data have been deposited in the GEO database, accession number: GSE136153.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mennillo
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Miles Paszek
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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13
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Ye J, Wu Y, Guo R, Zeng W, Duan Y, Yang Z, Yang L. miR-221 Alleviates the Ox-LDL-Induced Macrophage Inflammatory Response via the Inhibition of DNMT3b-Mediated NCoR Promoter Methylation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4530534. [PMID: 31565033 PMCID: PMC6745124 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4530534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and macrophages play a key role in all phases of AS. Recent studies have shown that miR-221 is a biomarker for AS and stroke; however, the role and mechanism of miR-221 in AS are unclear. Herein, we found that miR-221 and NCoR levels were decreased in ox-LDL-treated THP-1-derived macrophages. In contrast, DNMT3b, IL-6, and TNF-α expression levels were increased under these conditions. Upregulation of miR-221 or NCoR could partially inhibit ox-LDL-induced IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Further studies showed that DNMT3b was a target of miR-221. DNMT3b inhibition also suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α expression and increased NCoR expression in the presence of ox-LDL. Moreover, DNMT3b was involved in ox-LDL-induced DNA methylation in the promoter region of NCoR. These findings suggest that miR-221 suppresses ox-LDL-induced inflammatory responses via suppressing DNMT3b-mediated DNA methylation in the promoter region of NCoR. These results provide a rationale for using intracellular miR-211 as a possible antiatherosclerotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Ye
- Department of Cardiology, 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yunnan 650032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yaxi Wu
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Wenjun Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yanan Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yunnan 650032, China
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14
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Ahad A, Stevanin M, Smita S, Mishra GP, Gupta D, Waszak S, Sarkar UA, Basak S, Gupta B, Acha-Orbea H, Raghav SK. NCoR1: Putting the Brakes on the Dendritic Cell Immune Tolerance. iScience 2019; 19:996-1011. [PMID: 31522122 PMCID: PMC6744395 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms fine-tuning immunogenic versus tolerogenic balance in dendritic cells (DCs) is of high importance for therapeutic approaches. We found that NCoR1-mediated direct repression of the tolerogenic program in conventional DCs is essential for induction of an optimal immunogenic response. NCoR1 depletion upregulated a wide variety of tolerogenic genes in activated DCs, which consequently resulted in increased frequency of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Mechanistically, NCoR1 masks the PU.1-bound super-enhancers on major tolerogenic genes after DC activation that are subsequently bound by nuclear factor-κB. NCoR1 knockdown (KD) reduced RelA nuclear translocation and activity, whereas RelB was unaffected, providing activated DCs a tolerogenic advantage. Moreover, NCoR1DC−/- mice depicted enhanced Tregs in draining lymph nodes with increased disease burden upon bacterial and parasitic infections. Besides, adoptive transfer of activated NCoR1 KD DCs in infected animals showed a similar phenotype. Collectively, our results demonstrated NCoR1 as a promising target to control DC-mediated immune tolerance. NCoR1 directly represses tolerogenic program in mouse cDCs Depletion of NCoR1 in cDCs enhanced Treg development ex vivo and in vivo NCoR1 masks PU.1-bound super-enhancers on tolerogenic genes in cDCs NCoR1DC−/− animals depicted enhanced Treg frequency and infection load
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Mathias Stevanin
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Dheerendra Gupta
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Sebastian Waszak
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Uday Aditya Sarkar
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology (NII), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology (NII), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland.
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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15
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Mei J, Zhou F, Qiao H, Li H, Tang T. Nerve modulation therapy in gouty arthritis: targeting increased sFRP2 expression in dorsal root ganglion regulates macrophage polarization and alleviates endothelial damage. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:3707-3722. [PMID: 31281508 PMCID: PMC6587340 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gouty arthritis (GA) is a form of arthritis caused by uric acid deposition in the joints that result in intense inflammation and pain. Accumulating evidence showed the importance of the sensory neurons signal upon immune cells by releasing neuropeptides and chemokines to regulate associated immune-inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the significance of sensory neuron neuropeptides and chemokine signals on inflammation-induced macrophages polarization during GA. Methods: We screened the mRNA expression profile during GA in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to identify the most likely candidate that mediates the neuro-immune communication. Then, we silenced specific gene expression in the DRG by lentiviral vectors in the monosodium urate (MSU)-induced ankle GA mouse model and evaluated alterations in the inflammatory response. In vitro, primary macrophages were used to investigate the neural impact on M1/M2 subtype polarization, proinflammatory cytokine production and downstream endothelial damage. Mechanism by which macrophage inflammation is induced in the DRG was evaluated by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation. Results: We found that secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) was the most upregulated gene in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in response to monosodium urate (MSU) deposition. Injection of LV-sFRP2-shRNA into the L4 and L5 DRG significantly suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and M1 polarization in the synovial membrane, attenuating hyperalgesia and ankle swelling in the GA mouse model. In vitro, DRG neurons-derived sFRP2 promoted M1 polarization and macrophage migration, thereby upregulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and preventing endothelial apoptosis. Furthermore, DRG-derived sFRP2 activated the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway by destabilizing the β-catenin and p65 complex. Conclusion: We demonstrated the involvement of a sensory neuron-macrophage axis in GA pathology that was regulated by sFRP2 expression in a paracrine manner. Targeting increased sFRP2 expressions in DRG provide novel insights for future GA research in both pain alleviation and treatment of gout inflammation.
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16
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Chen S, Tukey RH. Humanized UGT1 Mice, Regulation of UGT1A1, and the Role of the Intestinal Tract in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Breast Milk-Induced Jaundice. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1745-1755. [PMID: 30093417 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and the onset of bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus result in part from delayed expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and the ability to metabolize bilirubin. It is generally believed that acute neonatal forms of hyperbilirubinemia develop due to an inability of hepatic UGT1A1 to metabolize efficiently bilirubin for clearance through the hepatobiliary tract. Newly developed mouse models designed to study bilirubin metabolism have led to new insight into the role of the intestinal tract in controlling neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Humanization of mice with the UGT1 locus (hUGT1 mice) and the UGT1A1 gene provide a unique tool to study the onset of hyperbilirubinemia since the human UGT1A1 gene is developmentally regulated during the neonatal period in hUGT1 mice. A new mechanism outlying developmental expression of intestinal UGT1A1 is presented and its implications in the control of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia discussed. New findings linking breast milk protection against necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal control of UGT1A1 may help explain the contribution of breast milk toward the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Our findings outline a new model that includes an active intestinal ROS /IκB kinase/nuclear receptor corepressor 1 loop that can be applied to an understanding of breast milk-induced jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (R.H.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.C., R.H.T.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (R.H.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.C., R.H.T.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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17
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Differential effects of and mechanisms underlying the protection of cardiomyocytes by liver-X-receptor subtypes against high glucose stress-induced injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1372-1377. [PMID: 30029876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver-X-receptors (LXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. The two popular homologous receptor subtypes, LXRα and LXRβ, exhibit differential expression patterns, thereby probably playing different roles in different contexts. This study aimed to evaluate the different roles of the two LXR subtypes and the mechanisms underlying their protection of cardiomyocytes against high-glucose stress. Silencing of LXRα, but not LXRβ impaired normal LXR-mediated cardioprotective effects against high glucose-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. Mechanistically, silencing of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)1 or SUMO2/3 did not affect LXR-mediated cardioprotective effects; however, these were impaired in response to nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) silencing. Together, these findings indicate that LXRα, but not LXRβ, protects against high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury, probably via the NCoR-dependent transrepression of downstream target genes.
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18
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Lima TI, Valentim RR, Araújo HN, Oliveira AG, Favero BC, Menezes ES, Araújo R, Silveira LR. Role of NCoR1 in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:734-741. [PMID: 29660213 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial number and shape are constantly changing in response to increased energy demands. The ability to synchronize mitochondrial pathways to respond to energy fluctuations within the cell is a central aspect of mammalian homeostasis. This dynamic process depends on the coordinated activation of transcriptional complexes to promote the expression of genes encoding for mitochondrial proteins. Recent evidence has shown that the nuclear corepressor NCoR1 is an essential metabolic switch which acts on oxidative metabolism signaling. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging role of NCoR1 in the transcriptional control of energy metabolism. The identification and characterization of NCoR1 as a central, evolutionary conserved player in mitochondrial function have revealed a novel layer of metabolic control. Defining the precise mechanisms by which NCoR1 acts on energy homeostasis will ultimately contribute towards the development of novel therapies for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanes I Lima
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (Ribeirão Preto Campus), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Valentim
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hygor N Araújo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André G Oliveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca C Favero
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eveline S Menezes
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Araújo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Ogundele OM, Lee CC. CaMKIIα expression in a mouse model of NMDAR hypofunction schizophrenia: Putative roles for IGF-1R and TLR4. Brain Res Bull 2018; 137:53-70. [PMID: 29137928 PMCID: PMC5835406 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is linked to social behavioral deficits and other negative symptoms associated with hippocampal synaptic dysfunction. Synaptic mechanism of schizophrenia is characterized by loss of hippocampal N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) activity (NMDAR hypofunction) and dendritic spines. Previous studies show that genetic deletion of hippocampal synaptic regulatory calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) cause synaptic and behavioral defects associated with schizophrenia in mice. Although CaMKIIα is involved in modulation of NMDAR activity, it is equally linked to inflammatory and neurotropin signaling in neurons. Based on these propositions, we speculate that non-neurotransmitter upstream receptors associated with neurotropic and inflammatory signaling activities of CaMKIIα may alter its synaptic function. Besides, how these receptors (i.e. inflammatory and neurotropic receptors) alter CaMKIIα function (phosphorylation) relative to hippocampal NMDAR activity in schizophrenia is poorly understood. Here, we examined the relationship between toll-like receptor (TLR4; inflammatory), insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R; neurotropic) and CaMKIIα expression in the hippocampus of behaviorally deficient schizophrenic mice after we induced schizophrenia through NMDAR inhibition. Schizophrenia was induced in WT (C57BL/6) mice through intraperitoneal administration of 30mg/Kg ketamine (NMDAR antagonist) for 5days (WT/SCZ). Five days after the last ketamine treatment, wild type schizophrenic mice show deficiencies in sociability and social novelty behavior. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in hippocampal CaMKIIα (p<0.001) and IGF-1R (p<0.001) expression when assessed through immunoblotting and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Additionally, WT schizophrenic mice show an increased percentage of phosphorylated CaMKIIα in addition to upregulated TLR4 signaling (TLR4, NF-κB, and MAPK/ErK) in the hippocampus. To ascertain the functional link between TLR4, IGF-1R and CaMKIIα relative to NMDAR hypofunction in schizophrenia, we created hippocampal-specific TLR4 knockdown mouse using AAV-driven Cre-lox technique (TLR4 KD). Subsequently, we inhibited NMDAR function in TLR4 KD mice in an attempt to induce schizophrenia (TLR4 KD SCZ). Interestingly, IGF-1R and CaMKIIα expressions were preserved in the TLR4 KD hippocampus after attenuation of NMDAR function. Furthermore, TLR4 KD SCZ mice showed no prominent defects in sociability and social novelty behavior when compared with the control (WT). Our results show that a sustained IGF-1R expression may preserve the synaptic activity of CaMKIIα while TLR4 signaling ablates hippocampal CaMKIIα expression in NMDAR hypofunction schizophrenia. Together, we infer that IGF-1R depletion and increased TLR4 signaling are non-neurotransmitter pro-schizophrenic cues that can reduce synaptic CaMKIIα activity in a pharmacologic mouse model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
| | - C C Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
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Mohandas S, Vairappan B. Role of pregnane X-receptor in regulating bacterial translocation in chronic liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1210-1226. [PMID: 29184608 PMCID: PMC5696604 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i32.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial translocation (BT) has been impeccably implicated as a driving factor in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of chronic liver diseases (CLD). Scientific evidence accumulated over the last four decades has implied that the disease pathologies in CLD and BT are connected as a loop in the gut-liver axis and exacerbate each other. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and nuclear receptor that is expressed ubiquitously along the gut-liver-axis. PXR has been intricately associated with the regulation of various mechanisms attributed in causing BT. The importance of PXR as the mechanistic linker molecule in the gut-liver axis and its role in regulating bacterial interactions with the host in CLD has not been explored. PubMed was used to perform an extensive literature search using the keywords PXR and bacterial translocation, PXR and chronic liver disease including cirrhosis. In an adequate expression state, PXR acts as a sensor for bile acid dysregulation and bacterial derived metabolites, and in response shapes the immune profile beneficial to the host. Activation of PXR could be therapeutic in CLD as it counter-regulates endotoxin mediated inflammation and maintains the integrity of intestinal epithelium. This review mainly focuses PXR function and its regulation in BT in the context of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundhar Mohandas
- Liver Diseases Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantari Nagar, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Balasubramaniyan Vairappan
- Liver Diseases Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantari Nagar, Pondicherry 605006, India
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21
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RNA Interference Screening Reveals Host CaMK4 as a Regulator of Cryptococcal Uptake and Pathogenesis. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00195-17. [PMID: 28970273 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00195-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative agent of cryptococcosis, is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that kills over 200,000 individuals annually. This yeast may grow freely in body fluids, but it also flourishes within host cells. Despite extensive research on cryptococcal pathogenesis, host genes involved in the initial engulfment of fungi and subsequent stages of infection are woefully understudied. To address this issue, we combined short interfering RNA silencing and a high-throughput imaging assay to identify host regulators that specifically influence cryptococcal uptake. Of 868 phosphatase and kinase genes assayed, we discovered 79 whose silencing significantly affected cryptococcal engulfment. For 25 of these, the effects were fungus specific, as opposed to general alterations in phagocytosis. Four members of this group significantly and specifically altered cryptococcal uptake; one of them encoded CaMK4, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Pharmacological inhibition of CaMK4 recapitulated the observed defects in phagocytosis. Furthermore, mice deficient in CaMK4 showed increased survival compared to wild-type mice upon infection with C. neoformans This increase in survival correlated with decreased expression of pattern recognition receptors on host phagocytes known to recognize C. neoformans Altogether, we have identified a kinase that is involved in C. neoformans internalization by host cells and in host resistance to this deadly infection.
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22
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Evidence for biochemical barrier restoration: Topical solenopsin analogs improve inflammation and acanthosis in the KC-Tie2 mouse model of psoriasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11198. [PMID: 28894119 PMCID: PMC5593857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2.5–6 million patients in the United States. The cause of psoriasis remains unknown. Previous human and animal studies suggest that patients with a susceptible genetic background and some stimulus, such as barrier disruption, leads to a coordinated signaling events involving cytokines between keratinocytes, endothelial cells, T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Ceramides are endogenous skin lipids essential for maintaining skin barrier function and loss of ceramides may underlie inflammatory and premalignant skin. Ceramides act as a double-edged sword, promoting normal skin homeostasis in the native state, but can be metabolized to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), linked to inflammation and tumorigenesis. To overcome this difficulty, we synthesized solenopsin analogs which biochemically act as ceramides, but cannot be metabolized to S1P. We assess their in vivo bioactivity in a well-established mouse model of psoriasis, the KC-Tie2 mouse. Topical solenopsin derivatives normalized cutaneous hyperplasia in this model, decreased T cell infiltration, interleukin (IL)-22 transcription, and reversed the upregulation of calprotectin and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in inflamed skin. Finally, they stimulated interleukin (IL)-12 production in skin dendritic cells. Thus suggesting barrier restoration has both a biochemical and physical component, and both are necessary for optimal barrier restoration.
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Ma X, Meng Z, Jin L, Xiao Z, Wang X, Tsark WM, Ding L, Gu Y, Zhang J, Kim B, He M, Gan X, Shively JE, Yu H, Xu R, Huang W. CAMK2γ in intestinal epithelial cells modulates colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis via enhancing STAT3 activation. Oncogene 2017; 36:4060-4071. [PMID: 28319059 PMCID: PMC5509478 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the major risk factors for cancer. Here, we show that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma (CAMK2γ) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) modulates inflammatory signals and promotes colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in mice. We have identified CAMK2γ as a downstream target of colitis-induced WNT5a signaling. Furthermore, we have shown that CAMK2γ protects against intestine tissue injury by increasing IEC survival and proliferation. CAMK2γ knockout mice displayed reduced CAC. Furthermore, we used bone marrow transplantation to reveal that CAMK2γ in IECs, but not immune cells, was crucial for its effect on CAC. Consistently, transgenic over-expression of CAMK2γ in IECs accelerated CAC development. Mechanistically, CAMK2γ in IECs enhanced epithelial STAT3 activation to promote survival and proliferation of colonic epithelial cells during CAC development. These results thus identify a new molecular mechanism mediated by CAMK2γ in IECs during CAC development, thereby providing a potential new therapeutic target for CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Z Meng
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - L Jin
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Z Xiao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - X Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Robert J Tomsich Institute of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W M Tsark
- Transgenic Mouse Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - L Ding
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Y Gu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - B Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - M He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Gan
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J E Shively
- Departments of Immunology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - H Yu
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - R Xu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - W Huang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Liu F, Huang ZZ, Sun YH, Li T, Yang DH, Xu G, Su YY, Zhang T. Four Main Active Ingredients Derived from a Traditional Chinese Medicine Guanxin Shutong Capsule Cause Cardioprotection during Myocardial Ischemia Injury Calcium Overload Suppression. Phytother Res 2017; 31:507-515. [PMID: 28164397 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Guanxin Shutong capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of myocardial ischemia (MI). Previous studies have shown that the formula has four main active ingredients (FMAI), protocatechuic acid, cryptotanshinone, borneol, and eugenol. However, the mechanisms of action of these FMAI against MI injury are still not well known. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of the FMAI on MI in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were isolated, the cell viability and apoptosis rate were, respectively, measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and fluorescence activating cell sorter, and the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) and CaM and CaMKII δ mRNA as well as protein levels were determined. Meanwhile, their downstream targets of RyR2 and PLB were also measured by western blot. In vivo, a rat model of coronary artery ligation was used to evaluate the cardioprotective effects. Infarct sizes of heart tissues and levels of serum biochemical indicators, including creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase, were measured. The in vitro results showed that the FMAI inhibited cell apoptosis, reduced [Ca2+ ]i , decreased the expression of CaM and CaMKII δ, and increased the expression of RyR2 and PLB. In vivo, the FMAI diminished infract size, reduced creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity. In conclusion, our data suggest that the FMAI suppressed calcium overload and exerted its protective effect via its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-apoptosis activities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.,Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, PR China.,Shaanxi Institute of International Trade and Commerce, Xianyang, 712046, PR China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Huang
- Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, PR China.,Shaanxi Institute of International Trade and Commerce, Xianyang, 712046, PR China
| | - Yu-Hong Sun
- Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, PR China
| | - Gang Xu
- Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Su
- Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
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Intestinal NCoR1, a regulator of epithelial cell maturation, controls neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1432-E1440. [PMID: 28167773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700232114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (SNH) and the onset of bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus result in part from delayed expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and the inability to metabolize bilirubin. Although there is a good understanding of the early events after birth that lead to the rapid increase in serum bilirubin, the events that control delayed expression of UGT1A1 during development remain a mystery. Humanized UGT1 (hUGT1) mice develop SNH spontaneously, which is linked to repression of both liver and intestinal UGT1A1. In this study, we report that deletion of intestinal nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) completely diminishes hyperbilirubinemia in hUGT1 neonates because of intestinal UGT1A1 gene derepression. Transcriptomic studies and immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrate that NCoR1 plays a major role in repressing developmental maturation of the intestines. Derepression is marked by accelerated metabolic and oxidative phosphorylation, drug metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and intestinal maturation, events that are controlled predominantly by H3K27 acetylation. The control of NCoR1 function and derepression is linked to IKKβ function, as validated in hUGT1 mice with targeted deletion of intestinal IKKβ. Physiological events during neonatal development that target activation of an IKKβ/NCoR1 loop in intestinal epithelial cells lead to derepression of genes involved in intestinal maturation and bilirubin detoxification. These findings provide a mechanism of NCoR1 in intestinal homeostasis during development and provide a key link to those events that control developmental repression of UGT1A1 and hyperbilirubinemia.
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Protein Kinase R Mediates the Inflammatory Response Induced by Hyperosmotic Stress. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00521-16. [PMID: 27920257 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00521-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High extracellular osmolarity results in a switch from an adaptive to an inflammatory gene expression program. We show that hyperosmotic stress activates the protein kinase R (PKR) independently of its RNA-binding domain. In turn, PKR stimulates nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 species phosphorylated at serine-536, which is paralleled by the induction of a subset of inflammatory NF-κB p65-responsive genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β. The PKR-mediated hyperinduction of iNOS decreases cell survival in mouse embryonic fibroblasts via mechanisms involving nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and posttranslational modification of proteins. Moreover, we demonstrate that the PKR inhibitor C16 ameliorates both iNOS amplification and disease-induced phenotypic breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier caused by an increase in extracellular osmolarity induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in vivo Collectively, these findings indicate that PKR activation is an essential part of the molecular switch from adaptation to inflammation in response to hyperosmotic stress.
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Toll-Like Receptor 2 Recognizes Orientia tsutsugamushi and Increases Susceptibility to Murine Experimental Scrub Typhus. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3379-3387. [PMID: 27620720 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00185-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrub typhus is a potentially lethal infection that is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi The roles of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in innate recognition of O. tsutsugamushi have not been elucidated. By overexpression of TLR2 or TLR4 in HEK293 cells, we demonstrated that TLR2, but not TLR4, recognizes heat-stable compounds of O. tsutsugamushi that were sensitive to treatment with sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and proteinase K. TLR2 was required for the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by dendritic cells. In an intradermal mouse infection model, TLR2-deficient mice did not show impaired control of bacterial growth or reduced survival. Moreover, after intraperitoneal infection, TLR2-deficient mice were even more resistant to lethal infection than C57BL/6 wild-type mice, which showed stronger symptoms and lower survival rates during the convalescent phase. Compared to the time of reduction of bacterial loads in TLR2-deficient mice, the reduction of bacterial loads in infected organs was accelerated in wild-type mice. The higher mortality of wild-type mice was associated with increased concentrations of serum alkaline phosphatase but not aspartate aminotransferase. The transcription of mRNA for TNF-α and IL-6 decreased more rapidly in peritoneum samples from wild-type mice than in those from TLR2-deficient mice and was therefore not a correlate of increased susceptibility. Thus, although TLR2 is an important mediator of the early inflammatory response, it is dispensable for protective immunity against O. tsutsugamushi Increased susceptibility to O. tsutsugamushi infection in TLR2-competent mice rather suggests a TLR2-related immunopathologic effect.
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Paulis L, Foulquier S, Namsolleck P, Recarti C, Steckelings UM, Unger T. Combined Angiotensin Receptor Modulation in the Management of Cardio-Metabolic Disorders. Drugs 2016; 76:1-12. [PMID: 26631237 PMCID: PMC4700059 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia or obesity are linked with chronic low-grade inflammation and dysregulation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Consequently, RAS inhibition by ACE inhibitors or angiotensin AT1 receptor (AT1R) blockers is the evidence-based standard for cardiovascular risk reduction in high-risk patients, including diabetics with albuminuria. In addition, RAS inhibition reduces the new onset of diabetes mellitus. Yet, the high and increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders, and the high residual risk even in properly treated patients, calls for additional means of pharmacological intervention. In the past decade, the stimulation of the angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) has been shown to reduce inflammation, improve cardiac and vascular remodeling, enhance insulin sensitivity and increase adiponectin production. Therefore, a concept of dual AT1R/AT2R modulation emerges as a putative means for risk reduction in cardio-metabolic diseases. The approach employing simultaneous RAS blockade (AT1R) and RAS stimulation (AT2R) is distinct from previous attempts of double intervention in the RAS by dual blockade. Dual blockade abolishes the AT1R-linked RAS almost completely with subsequent risk of hypotension and hypotension-related events, i.e. syncope or renal dysfunction. Such complications might be especially prominent in patients with renal impairment or patients with isolated systolic hypertension and normal-to-low diastolic blood pressure values. In contrast to dual RAS blockade, the add-on of AT2R stimulation does not exert significant blood pressure effects, but it may complement and enhance the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic/de-stiffening effects of the AT1R blockade and improve the metabolic profile. Further studies will have to investigate these putative effects in particular for settings in which blood pressure reduction is not primarily desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovit Paulis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 81108, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 81371, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pawel Namsolleck
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Recarti
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Muscha Steckelings
- Institute of Molecular Medicine-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Unger
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Role of Chronic Inflammation in Myopia Progression: Clinical Evidence and Experimental Validation. EBioMedicine 2016; 10:269-81. [PMID: 27470424 PMCID: PMC5006729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of myopia is an important public problem worldwide. We found a higher incidence of myopia among patients with inflammatory diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (7.9%), uveitis (3.7%), or systemic lupus erythematosus (3.5%) compared to those without inflammatory diseases (p < 0.001) using data from children (< 18 years old) in the National Health Insurance Research database. We then examined the inhibition of myopia by atropine in Syrian hamsters with monocular form deprivation (MFD), an experimental myopia model. We found atropine downregulated inflammation in MFD eyes. The expression levels of c-Fos, nuclear factor κB (NFκB), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were upregulated in myopic eyes and downregulated upon treatment with atropine. The relationship between the inflammatory response and myopia was investigated by treating MFD hamsters with the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CSA) or the inflammatory stimulators lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PGN). Myopia progression was slowed by CSA application but was enhanced by LPS and PGN administration. The levels of c-Fos, NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α were upregulated in LPS- and PGN-treated eyes and downregulated by CSA treatment. These findings provide clinical and experimental evidence that inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of myopia. Patients with inflammatory diseases have a higher incidence of myopia compared to those without inflammatory diseases. The expression levels of c-Fos, NFκB, IL-6, and TNF-α, which have known roles in chronic inflammation, were upregulated in myopic eyes. Atropine inhibited the progression of myopia by downregulating c-Fos, NFκB, IL-6, and TNF-α.
Myopia is an important and common eye disease that can lead to legal blindness. The relationship between myopia and inflammatory responses has never been studied. We demonstrated that increased inflammation in the eye promotes progression of myopia, whereas decreased inflammation slows the development of myopia.
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Yu S, Li S, Henke A, Muse ED, Cheng B, Welzel G, Chatterjee AK, Wang D, Roland J, Glass CK, Tremblay M. Dissociated sterol-based liver X receptor agonists as therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases. FASEB J 2016; 30:2570-9. [PMID: 27025962 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600244r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR), a nuclear hormone receptor, is an essential regulator of immune responses. Activation of LXR-mediated transcription by synthetic agonists, such as T0901317 and GW3965, attenuates progression of inflammatory disease in animal models. However, the adverse effects of these conventional LXR agonists in elevating liver lipids have impeded exploitation of this intriguing mechanism for chronic therapy. Here, we explore the ability of a series of sterol-based LXR agonists to alleviate inflammatory conditions in mice without hepatotoxicity. We show that oral treatment with sterol-based LXR agonists in mice significantly reduces dextran sulfate sodium colitis-induced body weight loss, which is accompanied by reduced expression of inflammatory markers in the large intestine. The anti-inflammatory property of these agonists is recapitulated in vitro in mouse lamina propria mononuclear cells, human colonic epithelial cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, treatment with LXR agonists dramatically suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression in a model of traumatic brain injury. Importantly, in both disease models, the sterol-based agonists do not affect the liver, and the conventional agonist T0901317 results in significant liver lipid accumulation and injury. Overall, these results provide evidence for the development of sterol-based LXR agonists as novel therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases.-Yu, S., Li, S., Henke, A., Muse, E. D., Cheng, B., Welzel, G., Chatterjee, A. K., Wang, D., Roland, J., Glass, C. K., Tremblay, M. Dissociated sterol-based liver X receptor agonists as therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yu
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sijia Li
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adam Henke
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Evan D Muse
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, La Jolla, California, USA and
| | - Bo Cheng
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gustav Welzel
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Danling Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason Roland
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; and
| | - Matthew Tremblay
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA;
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Watanabe N, Suzuki Y, Inokuchi S, Inoue S. Sepsis induces incomplete M2 phenotype polarization in peritoneal exudate cells in mice. J Intensive Care 2016; 4:6. [PMID: 26759721 PMCID: PMC4709882 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-015-0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages can differentiate into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes upon exposure to a pathogen or a cytokine microenvironment. However, M1/M2 macrophage polarization in polymicrobial sepsis has not been fully characterized. Methods The polarity of peritoneal exudate (PE) cells from mice that had undergone cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and the response of those cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in terms of cytokine and chemokine expression were examined. Results PE cells from CLP mice demonstrated a shift toward the M2 phenotype in terms of marker enzyme expression. In addition, the CLP-derived PE cells showed apparent unresponsiveness to LPS stimulation with regard to expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, while the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 was induced. Nevertheless, the CLP-PE cells failed to express M2 chemokines including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17), CCL22, and CCL24, all of which are important for T cell recruitment. Conclusions The results suggested that a shift of naïve monocytes/macrophages to the M2 phenotype, along with the lack of M2 chemokine expression in septic monocytes/macrophages, might be responsible for immunosuppression after sepsis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40560-015-0124-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Watanabe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimokasuya 143, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimokasuya 143, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Sadaki Inokuchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimokasuya 143, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimokasuya 143, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
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Xu F, Kang Y, Zhuang N, Lu Z, Zhang H, Xu D, Ding Y, Yin H, Shi L. Bcl6 Sets a Threshold for Antiviral Signaling by Restraining IRF7 Transcriptional Program. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18778. [PMID: 26728228 PMCID: PMC4700451 DOI: 10.1038/srep18778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination of restraining and priming of antiviral signaling constitute a fundamental aspect of immunological functions. However, we currently know little about the molecular events that can translate the pathogenic cues into the appropriate code for antiviral defense. Our present study reports a specific role of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)6 as a checkpoint in the initiation of the host response to cytosolic RNA viruses. Remarkably, Bcl6 specifically binds to the interferon-regulatory factor (IRF)7 loci and restrains its transcription, thereby functioning as a negative regulator for interferon (IFN)-β production and antiviral responses. The signal-controlled turnover of the Bcl6, most likely mediated by microRNA-127, coordinates the antiviral response and inflammatory sequelae. Accordingly, de-repression of Bcl6 resulted in a phenotypic conversion of macrophages into highly potent IFN-producing cells and rendered mice more resistant to pathogenic RNA virus infection. The failure to remove the Bcl6 regulator, however, impedes the antiviral signaling and exaggerates viral pneumonia in mice. We thus reveal a novel key molecular checkpoint to orchestrate antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yanhua Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Ningtong Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Dakang Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.,MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Yina Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Hongping Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Lab of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
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Telomerase reverse transcriptase acts in a feedback loop with NF-κB pathway to regulate macrophage polarization in alcoholic liver disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18685. [PMID: 26725521 PMCID: PMC4698632 DOI: 10.1038/srep18685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Kupffer cells (KCs) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). C57BL/6 mice fed EtOH-containing diet showed a mixed induction of hepatic classical (M1) and alternative (M2) macrophage markers. Since telomerase activation occurs at critical stages of myeloid and lymphoid cell activation, we herein investigated the role of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the determining factor of telomerase, in macrophage activation during ALD. In our study, TERT expression and telomerase activity (TA) were remarkably increased in liver tissue of EtOH-fed mice. Moreover, EtOH significantly up-regulated TERT in isolated KCs and RAW 264.7 cells and LPS induced TERT production in vitro. These data indicate that up-regulation of TERT may play a critical role in macrophages during ALD. Furthermore, loss- and gain-of-function studies suggested that TERT switched macrophages towards M1 phenotype by regulating NF-κB signaling, but had limited effect on M2 macrophages polarization in vitro. Additionally, PDTC, a chemical inhibitor of NF-κB, could dramatically down-regulate TERT expression and the hallmarks of M1 macrophages. Therefore, our study unveils the role of TERT in macrophage polarization and the cross-talk between TERT and p65, which may provide a possible explanation for the ethanol-mediated hepatic proinflammatory response and M1 macrophage polarization.
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34
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Targetable genetic features of primary testicular and primary central nervous system lymphomas. Blood 2015; 127:869-81. [PMID: 26702065 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-673236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and primary testicular lymphomas (PTLs) are extranodal large B-cell lymphomas (LBCLs) with inferior responses to current empiric treatment regimens. To identify targetable genetic features of PCNSL and PTL, we characterized their recurrent somatic mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, copy number alterations (CNAs), and associated driver genes, and compared these comprehensive genetic signatures to those of diffuse LBCL and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL). These studies identify unique combinations of genetic alterations in discrete LBCL subtypes and subtype-selective bases for targeted therapy. PCNSLs and PTLs frequently exhibit genomic instability, and near-uniform, often biallelic, CDKN2A loss with rare TP53 mutations. PCNSLs and PTLs also use multiple genetic mechanisms to target key genes and pathways and exhibit near-uniform oncogenic Toll-like receptor signaling as a result of MYD88 mutation and/or NFKBIZ amplification, frequent concurrent B-cell receptor pathway activation, and deregulation of BCL6. Of great interest, PCNSLs and PTLs also have frequent 9p24.1/PD-L1/PD-L2 CNAs and additional translocations of these loci, structural bases of immune evasion that are shared with PMBL.
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35
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Lim YM, Yagi Y, Tsuda L. Cellular Defense and Sensory Cell Survival Require Distinct Functions of ebi in Drosophila. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141457. [PMID: 26524764 PMCID: PMC4629896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response and stress-induced apoptosis are well-established signaling pathways related to cellular defense. NF-κB and AP-1 are redox-sensitive transcription factors that play important roles in those pathways. Here we show that Ebi, a Drosophila homolog of the mammalian co-repressor molecule transducin β-like 1 (TBL1), variously regulates the expression of specific genes that are targets of redox-sensitive transcription factors. In response to different stimuli, Ebi activated gene expression to support the acute immune response in fat bodies, whereas Ebi repressed genes that are involved in apoptosis in photoreceptor cells. Thus, Ebi seems to act as a regulatory switch for genes that are activated or repressed in response to different external stimuli. Our results offer clear in vivo evidence that the Ebi-containing co-repressor complex acts in a distinct manner to regulate transcription that is required for modulating the output of various processes during Drosophila development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Lim
- Animal Models of Aging Project Team, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia (CAMD), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Yagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Leo Tsuda
- Animal Models of Aging Project Team, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia (CAMD), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, Japan
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36
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Moschovi M, Critselis E, Cen O, Adamaki M, Lambrou GI, Chrousos GP, Vlahopoulos S. Drugs acting on homeostasis: challenging cancer cell adaptation. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:1405-1417. [PMID: 26523494 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1095095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment aims to exploit properties that define malignant cells. In recent years, it has become apparent that malignant cells often survive cancer treatment and ensuing cell stress by switching on auxiliary turnover pathways, changing cellular metabolism and, concomitantly, the gene expression profile. The changed profile impacts the material exchange of cancer cells with affected tissues. Herein, we show that pathways of proteostasis and energy generation regulate common transcription factors. Namely, when one pathway of intracellular turnover is blocked, it triggers alternative turnover mechanisms, which induce transcription factor proteins that control expression of cytokines and regulators of apoptosis, cell division, differentiation, metabolism, and response to hormones. We focus on several alternative turnover mechanisms that can be blocked by drugs already used in clinical practice for the treatment of other non-cancer related diseases. We also discuss paradigms on the challenges posed by cancer cell adaptation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moschovi
- a 1 University of Athens, Horemio Research Institute, First Department of Pediatrics, Thivon & Levadeias, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
- b 2 University of Athens, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Thivon & Levadeias, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Critselis
- a 1 University of Athens, Horemio Research Institute, First Department of Pediatrics, Thivon & Levadeias, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Osman Cen
- c 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maria Adamaki
- a 1 University of Athens, Horemio Research Institute, First Department of Pediatrics, Thivon & Levadeias, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
- b 2 University of Athens, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Thivon & Levadeias, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - George I Lambrou
- a 1 University of Athens, Horemio Research Institute, First Department of Pediatrics, Thivon & Levadeias, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- a 1 University of Athens, Horemio Research Institute, First Department of Pediatrics, Thivon & Levadeias, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- a 1 University of Athens, Horemio Research Institute, First Department of Pediatrics, Thivon & Levadeias, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
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37
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Huang J, Cardamone MD, Johnson HE, Neault M, Chan M, Floyd ZE, Mallette FA, Perissi V. Exchange Factor TBL1 and Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT6 Cooperate in Protecting G Protein Pathway Suppressor 2 (GPS2) from Proteasomal Degradation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19044-54. [PMID: 26070566 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.637660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) is a multifunctional protein involved in the regulation of a number of metabolic organs. First identified as part of the NCoR-SMRT corepressor complex, GPS2 is known to play an important role in the nucleus in the regulation of gene transcription and meiotic recombination. In addition, we recently reported a non-transcriptional role of GPS2 as an inhibitor of the proinflammatory TNFα pathway in the cytosol. Although this suggests that the control of GPS2 localization may be an important determinant of its molecular functions, a clear understanding of GPS2 differential targeting to specific cellular locations is still lacking. Here we show that a fine balance between protein stabilization and degradation tightly regulates GPS2 nuclear function. Our findings indicate that GPS2 is degraded upon polyubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah2. Unexpectedly, interaction with the exchange factor TBL1 is required to protect GPS2 from degradation, with methylation of GPS2 by arginine methyltransferase PRMT6 regulating the interaction with TBL1 and inhibiting proteasome-dependent degradation. Overall, our findings indicate that regulation of GPS2 by posttranslational modifications provides an effective strategy for modulating its molecular function within the nuclear compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Huang
- From the Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - M Dafne Cardamone
- From the Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Holly E Johnson
- From the Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mathieu Neault
- the Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Michelle Chan
- From the Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, and
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- the Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada, the Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Valentina Perissi
- From the Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,
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38
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Li JY, Daniels G, Wang J, Zhang X. TBL1XR1 in physiological and pathological states. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2015; 3:13-23. [PMID: 26069883 PMCID: PMC4446378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transducin (beta)-like 1X related protein 1 (TBL1XR1/TBLR1) is an integral subunit of the NCoR (nuclear receptor corepressor) and SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors) repressor complexes. It is an evolutionally conserved protein that shares high similarity across all species. TBL1XR1 is essential for transcriptional repression mediated by unliganded nuclear receptors (NRs) and othe regulated transcription factors (TFs). However, it can also act as a transcription activator through the recruitment of the ubiquitin-conjugating/19S proteasome complex that mediates the exchange of corepressors for coactivators. TBL1XR1 is required for the activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways. TBL1XR1 germline mutations and recurrent mutations are linked to intellectual disability. Upregulation of TBL1XR1 is observed in a variety of solid tumors, which is associated with advanced tumor stage, metastasis and poor prognosis. A variety of genomic alterations, such as translocation, deletion and mutation have been identified in many types of neoplasms. Loss of TBL1XR1 in B-lymphoblastic leukemia disrupts glucocorticoid receptor recruitment to chromatin and results in glucocorticoid resistance. However, the mechanisms of other types of genomic changes in tumorogenesis are still not clear. A pre-clinical study has shown that the disruption of the interaction between TBL1X and β-catenin using a small molecule can inhibit the growth of AML stem and blast cells both in vitro and in vivo. These findings shed light on the therapeutic potentials of targeting TBL1XR1 related proteins in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yi Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Garrett Daniels
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of MedicineNew York, USA
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39
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Vanmierlo T, Bogie JF, Mailleux J, Vanmol J, Lütjohann D, Mulder M, Hendriks JJ. Plant sterols: Friend or foe in CNS disorders? Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Kambara K, Ohashi W, Tomita K, Takashina M, Fujisaka S, Hayashi R, Mori H, Tobe K, Hattori Y. In vivo depletion of CD206+ M2 macrophages exaggerates lung injury in endotoxemic mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 185:162-71. [PMID: 25447055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although phenotypically polarized macrophages are now generally classified into two major subtypes termed proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, a contributory role of lung M2 macrophages in the pathophysiological features of acute lung injury is not fully understood. Herein, we show in an endotoxemic murine model that M2 macrophages serve as key anti-inflammatory cells that play a regulatory role in the severity of lung injury. To study whether M2 macrophages can modify inflammation, we depleted M2 macrophages from lungs of CD206-diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor transgenic (Tg) mice during challenge with lipopolysaccharide. The i.p. administration of DT depleted CD206-positive cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The use of M2 macrophage markers Ym1 and arginase-1 identified pulmonary CD206-positive cells as M2 macrophages. A striking increase in neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell contents was found in DT-treated CD206-DT receptor Tg mice. In CD206-DT receptor Tg mice given DT, endotoxin challenge exaggerated lung inflammation, including up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and increased histological lung damage, but the endotoxemia-induced increase in NF-κB activity was significantly reduced, suggesting that M2 phenotype-dependent counteraction of inflammatory insult cannot be attributed to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Our results indicate a critical role of CD206-positive pulmonary macrophages in triggering inflammatory cascade during endotoxemic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kambara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Wakana Ohashi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michinori Takashina
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hayashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Abstract
In recent years white adipose tissue inflammation has been recognized to be associated with obesity. Adipocytes and adipose tissue associated macrophages (ATMs) secrete bioactive molecules, including adipokines, chemokines/cytokines and free fatty acids that modulate the development of low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance responsible for obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Nuclear receptors, notably peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors, are sensors of dietary lipids and control transcriptional programs of key metabolic and inflammatory pathways in adipocytes and macrophages. This review focuses on mechanisms by which nuclear receptors maintain white adipose tissue homeostasis. The identification of ATMs as active players in the initiation of chronic inflammation and the links between inflammatory signaling and metabolic dysfunction will be presented, followed by discussion of recent evidence for nuclear receptors in ATM function, with an emphasis on the paracrine interaction between adipocytes and ATMs.
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42
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Guo H, Jin D, Chen X. Lipocalin 2 is a regulator of macrophage polarization and NF-κB/STAT3 pathway activation. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1616-28. [PMID: 25127375 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) has been previously characterized as an adipokine/cytokine and implicated in obesity and inflammation. Herein, we investigated the role and potential mechanism of Lcn2 in the regulation of macrophage polarization in obesity-associated inflammation. We observed that Lcn2-/- mice displayed an up-regulation of expression of M1 macrophage marker Cd11c but a down-regulation of M2 marker arginase 1 in adipose tissue and liver of mice upon a high-fat diet feeding. Lcn2-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were more sensitive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, leading to a more profound up-regulation of expression of pro-inflammatory markers than wild-type (WT) BMDMs. Accordingly, LPS stimulation elicited an increase in the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), c-Jun, and STAT3 signaling pathways as well as an up-regualtion of expression of NF-κB and STAT3 target genes such as IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and MCP-1 in Lcn2-/- BMDMs compared with WT controls. Pre-treatment of recombinant Lcn2 attenuated LPS-stimulated degradation of IκBα and STAT3 phosphorylation as well as LPS-induced gene expression of IL-6 and iNOS in Lcn2-/- BMDMs. Moreover, the NFκB inhibitor markedly blocked LPS-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation in Lcn2-/- BMDMs. These results together with the time course of Lcn2 secretion, NFκB and STAT3 phosphorylation in response to LPS stimulation, suggest that Lcn2 plays a role as an anti-inflammatory regulator in macrophage activation via modulating a feed-forward activation of NFκB-STAT3 loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108
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43
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Rogatsky I, Adelman K. Preparing the first responders: building the inflammatory transcriptome from the ground up. Mol Cell 2014; 54:245-54. [PMID: 24766888 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In cells of the immune system, inflammatory stimuli trigger highly coordinated cascades of gene activation that are precisely calibrated to the nature and strength of the stimulus. Herein, we describe the forces that control inflammatory gene transcription and highlight that many critical determinants of responsiveness are established prior to challenge. We discuss key steps in the transcription cycle that are regulated during gene activation and the importance of the underlying enhancer landscape. Further, we illustrate how the diversity in regulatory strategies employed at inflammatory genes provides novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Division and the David Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Bhatt D, Ghosh S. Regulation of the NF-κB-Mediated Transcription of Inflammatory Genes. Front Immunol 2014; 5:71. [PMID: 24611065 PMCID: PMC3933792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB family of transcription factors plays a central role in the inducible expression of inflammatory genes during the immune response, and the proper regulation of these genes is a critical factor in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The chromatin environment at stimulus-responsive NF-κB sites is a major determinant in transcription factor binding, and dynamic alteration of the chromatin state to facilitate transcription factor binding is a key regulatory mechanism. NF-κB is in turn able to influence the chromatin state through a variety of mechanisms, including the recruitment of chromatin modifying co-activator complexes such as p300, the competitive eviction of negative chromatin modifications, and the recruitment of components of the general transcriptional machinery. Frequently, the selective interaction with these co-activators is dependent on specific post-translational modification of NF-κB subunits. Finally, the mechanisms of inducible NF-κB activity in different immune cell types seem to be largely conserved. The diversity of cell-specific NF-κB-mediated transcriptional programs is established at the chromatin level during cell differentiation by lineage-defining transcription factors. These factors generate and maintain a cell-specific chromatin landscape that is accessible to NF-κB, thus restricting the inducible transcriptional response to a cell-appropriate output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
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Low pH environmental stress inhibits LPS and LTA-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production in rat alveolar macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:742184. [PMID: 24288685 PMCID: PMC3830824 DOI: 10.1155/2013/742184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric aspiration increases the risks for developing secondary bacterial pneumonia. Cytokine elaboration through pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) is an important mechanism in initiating innate immune host response. Effects of low pH stress, a critical component of aspiration pathogenesis, on the PRR pathways were examined, specifically toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and TLR4, using isolated rat alveolar macrophages (aMØs). We assessed the ability of aMØs after brief exposure to acidified saline to elaborate proinflammatory cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) stimulation, known ligands of TLR4 and TLR2, respectively. Low pH stress reduced LPS- and LTA-mediated cytokine release (CINC-1, MIP-2, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IFN-β). LPS and LTA increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations while Ca2+ chelation by BAPTA decreased LPS- and LTA-mediated cytokine responses. BAPTA blocked the effects of low pH stress on most of LPS-stimulated cytokines but not of LTA-stimulated responses. In vivo mouse model demonstrates suppressed E. coli and S. pneumoniae clearance following acid aspiration. In conclusion, low pH stress inhibits antibacterial cytokine response of aMØs due to impaired TLR2 (MyD88 pathway) and TLR4 signaling (MyD88 and TRIF pathways). The role of Ca2+ in low pH stress-induced signaling is complex but appears to be distinct between LPS- and LTA-mediated responses.
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Mottis A, Mouchiroud L, Auwerx J. Emerging roles of the corepressors NCoR1 and SMRT in homeostasis. Genes Dev 2013; 27:819-35. [PMID: 23630073 DOI: 10.1101/gad.214023.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is strongly influenced by the accessibility of nucleosomal DNA or the state of chromatin compaction. In this context, coregulators, including both coactivators and corepressors, are pivotal intermediates that bridge chromatin-modifying enzymes and transcription factors. NCoR1 (nuclear receptor corepressor) and SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor) are among the best-characterized corepressors from a molecular point of view. These coregulators have conserved orthologs in lower organisms, which underscores their functional importance. Here we summarize the results from recent in vivo studies that reveal the wide-ranging roles of NCoR1 and SMRT in developmental as well as homeostatic processes, including metabolism, inflammation, and circadian rhythms. We also discuss the potential implications of NCoR1 and SMRT regulation of pathways ranging from genomic stability and carcinogenesis to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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Dubiella U, Seybold H, Durian G, Komander E, Lassig R, Witte CP, Schulze WX, Romeis T. Calcium-dependent protein kinase/NADPH oxidase activation circuit is required for rapid defense signal propagation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8744-9. [PMID: 23650383 PMCID: PMC3666735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221294110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals and plants, pathogen recognition triggers the local activation of intracellular signaling that is prerequisite for mounting systemic defenses in the whole organism. We identified that Arabidopsis thaliana isoform CPK5 of the plant calcium-dependent protein kinase family becomes rapidly biochemically activated in response to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) stimulation. CPK5 signaling resulted in enhanced salicylic acid-mediated resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000, differential plant defense gene expression, and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using selected reaction monitoring MS, we identified the plant NADPH oxidase, respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), as an in vivo phosphorylation target of CPK5. Remarkably, CPK5-dependent in vivo phosphorylation of RBOHD occurs on both PAMP- and ROS stimulation. Furthermore, rapid CPK5-dependent biochemical and transcriptional activation of defense reactions at distal sites is compromised in cpk5 and rbohd mutants. Our data not only identify CPK5 as a key regulator of innate immune responses in plants but also support a model of ROS-mediated cell-to-cell communication, where a self-propagating mutual activation circuit consisting of the protein kinase, CPK5, and the NADPH oxidase RBOHD facilitates rapid signal propagation as a prerequisite for defense response activation at distal sites within the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Dubiella
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Heike Seybold
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Guido Durian
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Eileen Komander
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Roman Lassig
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Waltraud X. Schulze
- Department of Metabolic Networks, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tina Romeis
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
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Dubiella U, Seybold H, Durian G, Komander E, Lassig R, Witte CP, Schulze WX, Romeis T. Calcium-dependent protein kinase/NADPH oxidase activation circuit is required for rapid defense signal propagation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8744-8749. [PMID: 23650383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.122.1294110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals and plants, pathogen recognition triggers the local activation of intracellular signaling that is prerequisite for mounting systemic defenses in the whole organism. We identified that Arabidopsis thaliana isoform CPK5 of the plant calcium-dependent protein kinase family becomes rapidly biochemically activated in response to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) stimulation. CPK5 signaling resulted in enhanced salicylic acid-mediated resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000, differential plant defense gene expression, and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using selected reaction monitoring MS, we identified the plant NADPH oxidase, respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), as an in vivo phosphorylation target of CPK5. Remarkably, CPK5-dependent in vivo phosphorylation of RBOHD occurs on both PAMP- and ROS stimulation. Furthermore, rapid CPK5-dependent biochemical and transcriptional activation of defense reactions at distal sites is compromised in cpk5 and rbohd mutants. Our data not only identify CPK5 as a key regulator of innate immune responses in plants but also support a model of ROS-mediated cell-to-cell communication, where a self-propagating mutual activation circuit consisting of the protein kinase, CPK5, and the NADPH oxidase RBOHD facilitates rapid signal propagation as a prerequisite for defense response activation at distal sites within the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Dubiella
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Macrophages are key regulators of many organ systems, including innate and adaptive immunity, systemic metabolism, hematopoiesis, vasculogenesis, malignancy, and reproduction. The pleiotropic roles of macrophages are mirrored by similarly diverse cellular phenotypes. A simplified schema classifies macrophages as M1, classically activated macrophages, or M2, alternatively activated macrophages. These cells are characterized by their expression of cell surface markers, secreted cytokines and chemokines, and transcription and epigenetic pathways. Transcriptional regulation is central to the differential speciation of macrophages, and several major pathways have been described as essential for subset differentiation. In this review, we discuss the transcriptional regulation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derin Tugal
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Hypothalamic programming of systemic ageing involving IKK-β, NF-κB and GnRH. Nature 2013; 497:211-6. [PMID: 23636330 PMCID: PMC3756938 DOI: 10.1038/nature12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a result of gradual and overall functional deteriorations across the body; however, it is unknown whether an individual tissue primarily works to mediate the ageing progress and control lifespan. Here we show that the hypothalamus is important for the development of whole-body ageing in mice, and that the underlying basis involves hypothalamic immunity mediated by IκB kinase-β (IKK-β), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and related microglia-neuron immune crosstalk. Several interventional models were developed showing that ageing retardation and lifespan extension are achieved in mice by preventing ageing-related hypothalamic or brain IKK-β and NF-κB activation. Mechanistic studies further revealed that IKK-β and NF-κB inhibit gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to mediate ageing-related hypothalamic GnRH decline, and GnRH treatment amends ageing-impaired neurogenesis and decelerates ageing. In conclusion, the hypothalamus has a programmatic role in ageing development via immune-neuroendocrine integration, and immune inhibition or GnRH restoration in the hypothalamus/brain represent two potential strategies for optimizing lifespan and combating ageing-related health problems.
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