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Mandic M, Paunovic V, Vucicevic L, Kosic M, Mijatovic S, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. No energy, no autophagy-Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of autophagic response energy requirements. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31366. [PMID: 38958520 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated self-degradation process of central importance for cellular quality control. It also provides macromolecule building blocks and substrates for energy metabolism during nutrient or energy deficiency, which are the main stimuli for autophagy induction. However, like most biological processes, autophagy itself requires ATP, and there is an energy threshold for its initiation and execution. We here present the first comprehensive review of this often-overlooked aspect of autophagy research. The studies in which ATP deficiency suppressed autophagy in vitro and in vivo were classified according to the energy pathway involved (oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis). A mechanistic insight was provided by pinpointing the critical ATP-consuming autophagic events, including transcription/translation/interaction of autophagy-related molecules, autophagosome formation/elongation, autophagosome fusion with the lysosome, and lysosome acidification. The significance of energy-dependent fine-tuning of autophagic response for preserving the cell homeostasis, and potential implications for the therapy of cancer, autoimmunity, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mandic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Vucicevic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Mijatovic
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Yao W, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Yi C. The molecular mechanisms regulating the assembly of the autophagy initiation complex. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300243. [PMID: 38593284 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The autophagy initiation complex is brought about via a highly ordered and stepwise assembly process. Two crucial signaling molecules, mTORC1 and AMPK, orchestrate this assembly by phosphorylating/dephosphorylating autophagy-related proteins. Activation of Atg1 followed by recruitment of both Atg9 vesicles and the PI3K complex I to the PAS (phagophore assembly site) are particularly crucial steps in its formation. Ypt1, a small Rab GTPase in yeast cells, also plays an essential role in the formation of the autophagy initiation complex through multiple regulatory pathways. In this review, our primary focus is to discuss how signaling molecules initiate the assembly of the autophagy initiation complex, and highlight the significant roles of Ypt1 in this process. We end by addressing issues that need future clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Xu Y, Qian C, Wang Q, Song L, He Z, Liu W, Wan W. Deacetylation of ATG7 drives the induction of macroautophagy and LC3-associated microautophagy. Autophagy 2024; 20:1134-1146. [PMID: 37999993 PMCID: PMC11135844 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2287932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
LC3 lipidation plays an important role in the regulation of macroautophagy and LC3-associated microautophagy. The E1-like enzyme ATG7 is one of the core components that are directly involved in LC3 lipidation reaction. Here, we provide evidence showing that acetylation of ATG7 tightly controls its enzyme activity to regulate the induction of macroautophagy and LC3-associated microautophagy. Mechanistically, acetylation of ATG7 disrupts its interaction with the E2-like enzyme ATG3, leading to an inhibition of LC3 lipidation in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, in response to various different stimuli, cellular ATG7 undergoes deacetylation to induce macroautophagy and LC3-associated microautophagy, which are necessary for cells to eliminate cytoplasmic DNA and degrade lysosome membrane proteins, respectively. Taken together, these findings reveal that ATG7 acetylation acts as a critical rheostat in controlling LC3 lipidation and related cellular processes.Abbreviations: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; cGAMP: cyclic GMP-AMP; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; CREBBP/CBP: CREB binding protein; EGF: epidermal growth factor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EP300/p300: E1A binding protein p300; IFNB1: interferon beta 1; ISD: interferon stimulatory DNA; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCOLN1/TRPML1: mucolipin TRP cation channel 1; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NAM: nicotinamide; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PTM: post-translational modification; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; SIRT: sirtuin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; TSA: trichostatin A; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Xu
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuying Qian
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiang Song
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sun F, Wang J, Meng L, Zhou Z, Xu Y, Yang M, Li Y, Jiang T, Liu B, Yan H. AdipoRon promotes amyloid-β clearance through enhancing autophagy via nuclear GAPDH-induced sirtuin 1 activation in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38679474 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is one of the more important pathological markers in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The development of AD impairs autophagy, which results in an imbalanced clearance of Aβ. Our previous research demonstrated that AdipoRon, an agonist of adiponectin receptors, decreased the deposition of Aβ and enhanced cognitive function in AD. However, the exact mechanisms by which AdipoRon affects Aβ clearance remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We studied how AdipoRon affects autophagy in HT22 cells and APP/PS1 transgenic mice. We also investigated the signalling pathway involved and used pharmacological inhibitors to examine the role of autophagy in this process. KEY RESULTS AdipoRon promotes Aβ clearance by activating neuronal autophagy in the APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Interestingly, we found that AdipoRon induces the nuclear translocation of GAPDH, where it interacts with the SIRT1/DBC1 complex. This interaction then leads to the release of DBC1 and the activation of SIRT1, which in turn activates autophagy. Importantly, we found that inhibiting either GAPDH or SIRT1 to suppress the activity of SIRT1 counteracts the elevated autophagy and decreased Aβ deposition caused by AdipoRon. This suggests that SIRT1 plays a critical role in the effect of AdipoRon on autophagic induction in AD. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS AdipoRon promotes the clearance of Aβ by enhancing autophagy through the AdipoR1/AMPK-dependent nuclear translocation of GAPDH and subsequent activation of SIRT1. This novel molecular pathway sheds light on the modulation of autophagy in AD and may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Sun
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiangong Wang
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Meizi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tianrui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Haijing Yan
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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5
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Chakraborty S, Nandi P, Mishra J, Niharika, Roy A, Manna S, Baral T, Mishra P, Mishra PK, Patra SK. Molecular mechanisms in regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in view of epigenetic regulation of genes and involvement of liquid-liquid phase separation. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216779. [PMID: 38458592 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular physiology is critically regulated by multiple signaling nexuses, among which cell death mechanisms play crucial roles in controlling the homeostatic landscape at the tissue level within an organism. Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, can be induced by external and internal stimuli directing the cells to commit suicide in unfavourable conditions. In contrast, stress conditions like nutrient deprivation, infection and hypoxia trigger autophagy, which is lysosome-mediated processing of damaged cellular organelle for recycling of the degraded products, including amino acids. Apparently, apoptosis and autophagy both are catabolic and tumor-suppressive pathways; apoptosis is essential during development and cancer cell death, while autophagy promotes cell survival under stress. Moreover, autophagy plays dual role during cancer development and progression by facilitating the survival of cancer cells under stressed conditions and inducing death in extreme adversity. Despite having two different molecular mechanisms, both apoptosis and autophagy are interconnected by several crosslinking intermediates. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histone tails, and miRNA play a pivotal role in regulating genes involved in both autophagy and apoptosis. Both autophagic and apoptotic genes can undergo various epigenetic modifications and promote or inhibit these processes under normal and cancerous conditions. Epigenetic modifiers are uniquely important in controlling the signaling pathways regulating autophagy and apoptosis. Therefore, these epigenetic modifiers of both autophagic and apoptotic genes can act as novel therapeutic targets against cancers. Additionally, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) also modulates the aggregation of misfolded proteins and provokes autophagy in the cytosolic environment. This review deals with the molecular mechanisms of both autophagy and apoptosis including crosstalk between them; emphasizing epigenetic regulation, involvement of LLPS therein, and possible therapeutic approaches against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Prahallad Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 030, MP, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
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6
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Yang S, Hu C, Chen X, Tang Y, Li J, Yang H, Yang Y, Ying B, Xiao X, Li SZ, Gu L, Zhu Y. Crosstalk between metabolism and cell death in tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:71. [PMID: 38575922 PMCID: PMC10993426 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
It is generally recognized that tumor cells proliferate more rapidly than normal cells. Due to such an abnormally rapid proliferation rate, cancer cells constantly encounter the limits of insufficient oxygen and nutrient supplies. To satisfy their growth needs and resist adverse environmental events, tumor cells modify the metabolic pathways to produce both extra energies and substances required for rapid growth. Realizing the metabolic characters special for tumor cells will be helpful for eliminating them during therapy. Cell death is a hot topic of long-term study and targeting cell death is one of the most effective ways to repress tumor growth. Many studies have successfully demonstrated that metabolism is inextricably linked to cell death of cancer cells. Here we summarize the recently identified metabolic characters that specifically impact on different types of cell deaths and discuss their roles in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Yang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Caden Hu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yi Tang
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of breast and thyroid surgery, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Yang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Shang-Ze Li
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Yahui Zhu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.
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7
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Hernández-Prieto JH, Martini VP, Iulek J. Structure of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Paracoccidioides lutzii in complex with an aldonic sugar acid. Biochimie 2024; 218:20-33. [PMID: 37709188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen Paracoccidioides lutzii (Pb01) is found in South America countries Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Brazil, especially in the central, west, and north regions of the latter. It belongs to the Ajellomycetaceae family, Onygenales order, and is typically thermodimorphic, presenting yeast cells when it grows in animal tissues, but mycelia when in the environment, where it produces the infectious propagule. This fungus is one of the etiologic agents of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most important endemic fungal infection in Latin America. Investigations on its genome have contributed to a better understanding about its metabolism and revealed the complexity of several metabolic glycolytic pathways. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Paracoccidioides lutzii (PlGAPDH) is considered a moonlighting protein and participates in several biological processes of this pathogen. The enzyme was expressed and purified, as seen in SDS-PAGE gel, crystallized and had its three dimensional structure (3D) determined in complex with NAD+, a sulphate ion and d-galactonic acid, therefore, a type of 'GAA site'. It is the first GAPDH structure to show this chemical type in this site and how this protein can bind an acid derived from oxidation of a linear hexose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Iulek
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil.
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8
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Bai I, Keyser C, Zhang Z, Rosolia B, Hwang JY, Zukin RS, Yan J. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy in neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1322842. [PMID: 38455054 PMCID: PMC10918468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1322842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular mechanism that enables the degradation and recycling of cellular organelles and proteins via the lysosomal pathway. In neurodevelopment and maintenance of neuronal homeostasis, autophagy is required to regulate presynaptic functions, synapse remodeling, and synaptic plasticity. Deficiency of autophagy has been shown to underlie the synaptic and behavioral deficits of many neurological diseases such as autism, psychiatric diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence reveals that dysregulated autophagy plays an important role in the initiation and progression of neuroinflammation, a common pathological feature in many neurological disorders leading to defective synaptic morphology and plasticity. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of autophagy and its effects on synapses and neuroinflammation, with emphasis on how autophagy is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms under healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Bai
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Cameron Keyser
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Breandan Rosolia
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jee-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - R. Suzanne Zukin
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jingqi Yan
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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9
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Wang X, Fu SQ, Yuan X, Yu F, Ji Q, Tang HW, Li RK, Huang S, Huang PQ, Qin WT, Zuo H, Du C, Yao LL, Li H, Li J, Li DX, Yang Y, Xiao SY, Tulamaiti A, Wang XF, Dai CH, Zhang X, Jiang SH, Hu LP, Zhang XL, Zhang ZG. A GAPDH serotonylation system couples CD8 + T cell glycolytic metabolism to antitumor immunity. Mol Cell 2024; 84:760-775.e7. [PMID: 38215751 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Apart from the canonical serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT])-receptor signaling transduction pattern, 5-HT-involved post-translational serotonylation has recently been noted. Here, we report a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) serotonylation system that promotes the glycolytic metabolism and antitumor immune activity of CD8+ T cells. Tissue transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) transfers 5-HT to GAPDH glutamine 262 and catalyzes the serotonylation reaction. Serotonylation supports the cytoplasmic localization of GAPDH, which induces a glycolytic metabolic shift in CD8+ T cells and contributes to antitumor immunity. CD8+ T cells accumulate intracellular 5-HT for serotonylation through both synthesis by tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and uptake from the extracellular compartment via serotonin transporter (SERT). Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) degrades 5-HT and acts as an intrinsic negative regulator of CD8+ T cells. The adoptive transfer of 5-HT-producing TPH1-overexpressing chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells induced a robust antitumor response. Our findings expand the known range of neuroimmune interaction patterns by providing evidence of receptor-independent serotonylation post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China.
| | - Sheng-Qiao Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qian Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Wen Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Kun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ting Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Chang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Aziguli Tulamaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hua Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China.
| | - Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
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10
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Sipos F, Műzes G. Sirtuins Affect Cancer Stem Cells via Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:386. [PMID: 38397988 PMCID: PMC10886574 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are stress-responsive proteins that regulate several post-translational modifications, partly by acetylation, deacetylation, and affecting DNA methylation. As a result, they significantly regulate several cellular processes. In essence, they prolong lifespan and control the occurrence of spontaneous tumor growth. Members of the SIRT family have the ability to govern embryonic, hematopoietic, and other adult stem cells in certain tissues and cell types in distinct ways. Likewise, they can have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects on cancer stem cells, contingent upon the specific tissue from which they originate. The impact of autophagy on cancer stem cells, which varies depending on the specific circumstances, is a very intricate phenomenon that has significant significance for clinical and therapeutic purposes. SIRTs exert an impact on the autophagy process, whereas autophagy reciprocally affects the activity of certain SIRTs. The mechanism behind this connection in cancer stem cells remains poorly understood. This review presents the latest findings that position SIRTs at the point where cancer cells and autophagy interact. Our objective is to highlight the various roles of distinct SIRTs in cancer stem cell-related functions through autophagy. This would demonstrate their significance in the genesis and recurrence of cancer and offer a more precise understanding of their treatment possibilities in relation to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
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11
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Zhang T, Xu L, Guo X, Tao H, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Meng X. The potential of herbal drugs to treat heart failure: The roles of Sirt1/AMPK. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:157-176. [PMID: 38464786 PMCID: PMC10921247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a highly morbid syndrome that seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients and generates an enormous socio-economic burden. In addition to cardiac myocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis, which are considered mechanisms for the development of HF, alterations in cardiac energy metabolism and pathological autophagy also contribute to cardiac abnormalities and ultimately HF. Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases and phosphorylated kinases, respectively. They play similar roles in regulating some pathological processes of the heart through regulating targets such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), protein 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We summarized the synergistic effects of Sirt1 and AMPK in the heart, and listed the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that exhibit cardioprotective properties by modulating the Sirt1/AMPK pathway, to provide a basis for the development of Sirt1/AMPK activators or inhibitors for the treatment of HF and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, Sichuan, 620032, China
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12
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Chang X, Yan S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Gao Z, Lin X, Chi X. GINv2.0: a comprehensive topological network integrating molecular interactions from multiple knowledge bases. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:4. [PMID: 38218959 PMCID: PMC10787761 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge bases have been instrumental in advancing biological research, facilitating pathway analysis and data visualization, which are now widely employed in the scientific community. Despite the establishment of several prominent knowledge bases focusing on signaling, metabolic networks, or both, integrating these networks into a unified topological network has proven to be challenging. The intricacy of molecular interactions and the diverse formats employed to store and display them contribute to the complexity of this task. In a prior study, we addressed this challenge by introducing a "meta-pathway" structure that integrated the advantages of the Simple Interaction Format (SIF) while accommodating reaction information. Nevertheless, the earlier Global Integrative Network (GIN) was limited to reliance on KEGG alone. Here, we present GIN version 2.0, which incorporates human molecular interaction data from ten distinct knowledge bases, including KEGG, Reactome, and HumanCyc, among others. We standardized the data structure, gene IDs, and chemical IDs, and conducted a comprehensive analysis of the consistency among the ten knowledge bases before combining all unified interactions into GINv2.0. Utilizing GINv2.0, we investigated the glycolysis process and its regulatory proteins, revealing coordinated regulations on glycolysis and autophagy, particularly under glucose starvation. The expanded scope and enhanced capabilities of GINv2.0 provide a valuable resource for comprehensive systems-level analyses in the field of biological research. GINv2.0 can be accessed at: https://github.com/BIGchix/GINv2.0 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereal Disease, Xuan Wu Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shen Yan
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yizheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Luyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanyu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuefei Lin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereal Disease, Xuan Wu Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xu Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
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13
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Malla A, Gupta S, Sur R. Glycolytic enzymes in non-glycolytic web: functional analysis of the key players. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-023-01213-5. [PMID: 38196050 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
To survive in the tumour microenvironment, cancer cells undergo rapid metabolic reprograming and adaptability. One of the key characteristics of cancer is increased glycolytic selectivity and decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Apart from ATP synthesis, glycolysis is also responsible for NADH regeneration and macromolecular biosynthesis, such as amino acid biosynthesis and nucleotide biosynthesis. This allows cancer cells to survive and proliferate even in low-nutrient and oxygen conditions, making glycolytic enzymes a promising target for various anti-cancer agents. Oncogenic activation is also caused by the uncontrolled production and activity of glycolytic enzymes. Nevertheless, in addition to conventional glycolytic processes, some glycolytic enzymes are involved in non-canonical functions such as transcriptional regulation, autophagy, epigenetic changes, inflammation, various signaling cascades, redox regulation, oxidative stress, obesity and fatty acid metabolism, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders, and hypoxia. The mechanisms underlying the non-canonical glycolytic enzyme activities are still not comprehensive. This review summarizes the current findings on the mechanisms fundamental to the non-glycolytic actions of glycolytic enzymes and their intermediates in maintaining the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avirup Malla
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Suvroma Gupta
- Department of Aquaculture Management, Khejuri college, West Bengal, Baratala, India.
| | - Runa Sur
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
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14
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Huo J, Dong W, Xu J, Ma L, You C. Role of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in autophagy activation following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114577. [PMID: 37863305 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early brain injury (EBI) refers to a severe brain injury that occurs within hours to days after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Neuronal damage in EBI is considered a key factor leading to poor prognosis. Currently, our understanding of the mechanisms of neuronal damage, such as neuronal autophagy, is still incomplete. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key enzyme in metabolism and plays an important role in autophagy. Based on this, this study will further explore the regulation of autophagy by GAPDH after SAH, which may provide a new treatment strategy for improving the prognosis of SAH patients. METHODS The rat SAH model was established by endovascular puncturing, and the trend of autophagy in hippocampal neurons at different time points was discussed. Additionally, an in vitro SAH model was created using the oxygenated hemoglobin and hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell line. Through siRNA and overexpression adenovirus techniques, we further investigated the relationship between the key enzyme GAPDH and autophagy in the in vitro SAH model. RESULTS We observed significant neuronal damage in the hippocampus 24 h after SAH, and the proteomics showed significant enrichment of autophagy-related pathways at this time point. Further studies showed that the expression of LC3 and Beclin1 peaked at 24 h, and the nuclear translocation of GAPDH occurred simultaneously with SAH-induced neuronal autophagy. Our in vitro SAH model confirmed the role of GAPDH in regulating the level of autophagy in HT22 cells. Knockdown of GAPDH significantly reduced the level of autophagy, while overexpression of GAPDH increased the level of autophagy. CONCLUSION This study shows the trend of autophagy in hippocampal neurons after SAH, and reveals the regulatory role of GAPDH in SAH-induced autophagy. However, further studies are needed to reveal the exact mechanism of GAPDH in the nuclear translocation regulation of autophagy and validate in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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15
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Trejo-Solis C, Silva-Adaya D, Serrano-García N, Magaña-Maldonado R, Jimenez-Farfan D, Ferreira-Guerrero E, Cruz-Salgado A, Castillo-Rodriguez RA. Role of Glycolytic and Glutamine Metabolism Reprogramming on the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis Resistance through Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17633. [PMID: 38139462 PMCID: PMC10744281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells exhibit genetic and metabolic alterations that affect the deregulation of several cellular signal transduction pathways, including those related to glucose metabolism. Moreover, oncogenic signaling pathways induce the expression of metabolic genes, increasing the metabolic enzyme activities and thus the critical biosynthetic pathways to generate nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids, which provide energy and metabolic intermediates that are essential to accomplish the biosynthetic needs of glioma cells. In this review, we aim to explore how dysregulated metabolic enzymes and their metabolites from primary metabolism pathways in glioblastoma (GBM) such as glycolysis and glutaminolysis modulate anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways as well as pro-oncogenic signaling and contribute to the formation, survival, growth, and malignancy of glioma cells. Also, we discuss promising therapeutic strategies by targeting the key players in metabolic regulation. Therefore, the knowledge of metabolic reprogramming is necessary to fully understand the biology of malignant gliomas to improve patient survival significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solis
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Roxana Magaña-Maldonado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira-Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (A.C.-S.)
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16
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Chowdhury SG, Karmakar P. Revealing the role of epigenetic and post-translational modulations of autophagy proteins in the regulation of autophagy and cancer: a therapeutic approach. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:3. [PMID: 38063905 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process that is characterized by the destruction of redundant components and the removal of dysfunctional ones to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy dysregulation has been linked to various illnesses, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The precise transcription of the genes involved in autophagy is regulated by a network of epigenetic factors. This includes histone modifications and histone-modifying enzymes. Epigenetics is a broad category of heritable, reversible changes in gene expression that do not include changes to DNA sequences, such as chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and DNA methylation. In addition to affecting the genes that are involved in autophagy, the epigenetic machinery can also alter the signals that control this process. In cancer, autophagy plays a dual role by preventing the development of tumors on one hand and this process may suppress tumor progression. This may be the control of an oncogene that prevents autophagy while, conversely, tumor suppression may promote it. The development of new therapeutic strategies for autophagy-related disorders could be initiated by gaining a deeper understanding of its intricate regulatory framework. There is evidence showing that certain machineries and regulators of autophagy are affected by post-translational and epigenetic modifications, which can lead to alterations in the levels of autophagy and these changes can then trigger disease or affect the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. The goal of this review is to identify the regulatory pathways associated with post-translational and epigenetic modifications of different proteins in autophagy which may be the therapeutic targets shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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17
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Wang L, Wang R, Yu X, Shi Y, Li S, Yuan Y. Effects of Calorie Restriction and Fasting on Macrophage: Potential Impact on Disease Outcomes? Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300380. [PMID: 37771201 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Energy restriction, including calorie restriction and fasting, has garnered significant attention for its potential therapeutic effects on a range of chronic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer) and aging. Since macrophages are critical players in many diseases, their response to energy restriction may impact disease outcomes. However, the diverse metabolic patterns and functions of macrophages can lead to variability in the effects of energy restriction on macrophages across different tissues and disease states. This review outlines the effects of energy restriction on macrophages in several diseases, offering valuable guidance for future studies and insights into the clinical applications of calorie restriction and fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yuhuan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
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18
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Chen Y, Xu J, Liu X, Guo L, Yi P, Cheng C. Potential therapies targeting nuclear metabolic regulation in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e421. [PMID: 38034101 PMCID: PMC10685089 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between genetic alterations and metabolic dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a pivotal axis in cancer pathogenesis. Both elements are mutually reinforcing, thereby expediting the ontogeny and progression of malignant neoplasms. Intriguingly, recent findings have highlighted the translocation of metabolites and metabolic enzymes from the cytoplasm into the nuclear compartment, where they appear to be intimately associated with tumor cell proliferation. Despite these advancements, significant gaps persist in our understanding of their specific roles within the nuclear milieu, their modulatory effects on gene transcription and cellular proliferation, and the intricacies of their coordination with the genomic landscape. In this comprehensive review, we endeavor to elucidate the regulatory landscape of metabolic signaling within the nuclear domain, namely nuclear metabolic signaling involving metabolites and metabolic enzymes. We explore the roles and molecular mechanisms through which metabolic flux and enzymatic activity impact critical nuclear processes, including epigenetic modulation, DNA damage repair, and gene expression regulation. In conclusion, we underscore the paramount significance of nuclear metabolic signaling in cancer biology and enumerate potential therapeutic targets, associated pharmacological interventions, and implications for clinical applications. Importantly, these emergent findings not only augment our conceptual understanding of tumoral metabolism but also herald the potential for innovative therapeutic paradigms targeting the metabolism-genome transcriptional axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Linlin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation OncologyJames Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Liu W, Wei T, Wang X. Plant reoviruses hijack autophagy in insect vectors. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1251-1261. [PMID: 37453843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant reoviruses, transmitted only by insect vectors, seriously threaten global cereal production. Understanding how insect vectors efficiently transmit the viruses is key to controlling the viral diseases. Autophagy commonly plays important roles in plant host defense against virus infection, but recent studies have shown that plant reoviruses can hijack the autophagy pathway in insect cells to enable their persistence in the insect and continued transmission to plants. Here, we summarize and discuss new insights on viral activation, evasion, regulation, and manipulation of autophagy within the insect vectors and the role of autophagy in virus survival in insect vectors. Deeper knowledge of the functions of autophagy in vectors may lead to novel strategies for blocking transmission of insect-borne plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Guil-Luna S, Sanchez-Montero MT, Rodríguez-Ariza A. S-Nitrosylation at the intersection of metabolism and autophagy: Implications for cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189012. [PMID: 37918453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic plasticity, which determines tumour growth and metastasis, is now understood to be a flexible and context-specific process in cancer metabolism. One of the major pathways contributing to metabolic adaptations in eucaryotic cells is autophagy, a cellular degradation and recycling process that is activated during periods of starvation or stress to maintain metabolite and biosynthetic intermediate levels. Consequently, there is a close association between the metabolic adaptive capacity of tumour cells and autophagy-related pathways in cancer. Additionally, nitric oxide regulates protein function and signalling through S-nitrosylation, a post-translational modification that can also impact metabolism and autophagy. The primary objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the role of S-nitrosylation at the intersection of metabolism and autophagy in cancer. First, we will outline the involvement of S-nitrosylation in the metabolic adaptations that occur in tumours. Then, we will discuss the multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer, the interplay between metabolism and autophagy during tumour progression, and the contribution of S-nitrosylation to autophagic dysregulation in cancer. Finally, we will present insights into relevant therapeutic aspects and discuss prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Guil-Luna
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Center (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Rodríguez-Ariza
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Center (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
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21
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Mancini MC, Noland RC, Collier JJ, Burke SJ, Stadler K, Heden TD. Lysosomal glucose sensing and glycophagy in metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:764-777. [PMID: 37633800 PMCID: PMC10592240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are cellular organelles that function to catabolize both extra- and intracellular cargo, act as a platform for nutrient sensing, and represent a core signaling node integrating bioenergetic cues to changes in cellular metabolism. Although lysosomal amino acid and lipid sensing in metabolism has been well characterized, lysosomal glucose sensing and the role of lysosomes in glucose metabolism is unrefined. This review will highlight the role of the lysosome in glucose metabolism with a focus on lysosomal glucose and glycogen sensing, glycophagy, and lysosomal glucose transport and how these processes impact autophagy and energy metabolism. Additionally, the role of lysosomal glucose metabolism in genetic and metabolic diseases will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina C Mancini
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Robert C Noland
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - J Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Susan J Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | | | - Timothy D Heden
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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22
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Zhang K, Huang L, Cai Y, Zhong Y, Chen N, Gao F, Zhang L, Li Q, Liu Z, Zhang R, Zhang L, Yue J. Identification of a small chemical as a lysosomal calcium mobilizer and characterization of its ability to inhibit autophagy and viral infection. FEBS J 2023; 290:5353-5372. [PMID: 37528513 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as one of the cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR)'s binding proteins and found that GAPDH participates in cADPR-mediated Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum via ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Here, we aimed to chemically synthesise and pharmacologically characterise novel cADPR analogues. Based on the simulated cADPR-GAPDH complex structure, we performed the structure-based drug screening, identified several small chemicals with high docking scores to cADPR's binding pocket in GAPDH and showed that two of these compounds, C244 and C346, are potential cADPR antagonists. We further synthesised several analogues of C346 and found that its analogue, G42, also mobilised Ca2+ release from lysosomes. G42 alkalised lysosomal pH and inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Moreover, G42 markedly inhibited Zika virus (ZIKV, a flavivirus) or murine hepatitis virus (MHV, a β-coronavirus) infections of host cells. These results suggest that G42 inhibits virus infection, likely by triggering lysosomal Ca2+ mobilisation and inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natual Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanjun Chen
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, China
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
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23
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Elzamzami FD, Samal A, Arun AS, Dharmaraj T, Prasad NR, Rendon-Jonguitud A, DeVine L, Walston JD, Cole RN, Wilson KL. Native lamin A/C proteomes and novel partners from heart and skeletal muscle in a mouse chronic inflammation model of human frailty. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240285. [PMID: 37936983 PMCID: PMC10626543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical frailty affects ∼10% of people over age 65 and is studied in a chronically inflamed (Interleukin-10 knockout; "IL10-KO") mouse model. Frailty phenotypes overlap the spectrum of diseases ("laminopathies") caused by mutations in LMNA. LMNA encodes nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamin A and lamin C ("lamin A/C"), important for tissue-specific signaling, metabolism and chromatin regulation. We hypothesized that wildtype lamin A/C associations with tissue-specific partners are perturbed by chronic inflammation, potentially contributing to dysfunction in frailty. To test this idea we immunoprecipitated native lamin A/C and associated proteins from skeletal muscle, hearts and brains of old (21-22 months) IL10-KO versus control C57Bl/6 female mice, and labeled with Tandem Mass Tags for identification and quantitation by mass spectrometry. We identified 502 candidate lamin-binding proteins from skeletal muscle, and 340 from heart, including 62 proteins identified in both tissues. Candidates included frailty phenotype-relevant proteins Perm1 and Fam210a, and nuclear membrane protein Tmem38a, required for muscle-specific genome organization. These and most other candidates were unaffected by IL10-KO, but still important as potential lamin A/C-binding proteins in native heart or muscle. A subset of candidates (21 in skeletal muscle, 30 in heart) showed significantly different lamin A/C-association in an IL10-KO tissue (p < 0.05), including AldoA and Gins3 affected in heart, and Lmcd1 and Fabp4 affected in skeletal muscle. To screen for binding, eleven candidates plus prelamin A and emerin controls were arrayed as synthetic 20-mer peptides (7-residue stagger) and incubated with recombinant purified lamin A "tail" residues 385-646 under relatively stringent conditions. We detected strong lamin A binding to peptides solvent exposed in Lmcd1, AldoA, Perm1, and Tmem38a, and plausible binding to Csrp3 (muscle LIM protein). These results validated both proteomes as sources for native lamin A/C-binding proteins in heart and muscle, identified four candidate genes for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (CSRP3, LMCD1, ALDOA, and PERM1), support a lamin A-interactive molecular role for Tmem38A, and supported the hypothesis that lamin A/C interactions with at least two partners (AldoA in heart, transcription factor Lmcd1 in muscle) are altered in the IL10-KO model of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima D. Elzamzami
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arushi Samal
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adith S. Arun
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tejas Dharmaraj
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neeti R. Prasad
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alex Rendon-Jonguitud
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lauren DeVine
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert N. Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Katherine L. Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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24
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Zheng J, Gong S, Han J. Arabinogalactan Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Damage through Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase/Silent Information Regulator 1/Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Signaling Pathways in Caco-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15337. [PMID: 37895018 PMCID: PMC10607795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) damage is an important aspect in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective of this study was to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of arabinogalactan (AG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated IEB dysfunction. The results show that AG (1, 2, and 5 mg/mL) mitigated 100 μg/mL LPS-stimulated IEB dysfunction through increasing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), reducing fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (4 kDa) flux, and up-regulating the protein and mRNA expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins (Claudin-1, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin). In addition, AG ameliorated LPS-stimulated IEB dysfunction by reducing interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β levels, decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, increasing the glutathione (GSH) level, and decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Furthermore, 2 mg/mL AG up-regulated the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), the phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α and inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and the inhibitor of NF-κBα (IκBα). Therefore, AG could maintain IEB integrity by activating AMPK/SIRT1 and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, AG can regulate the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thus alleviating LPS-stimulated IEB damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Shaoying Gong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Jianchun Han
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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25
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Saha S, Fang X, Green CD, Das A. mTORC1 and SGLT2 Inhibitors-A Therapeutic Perspective for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15078. [PMID: 37894760 PMCID: PMC10606418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a critical diabetes-mediated co-morbidity characterized by cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, without predisposing hypertensive or atherosclerotic conditions. Metabolic insulin resistance, promoting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, is the primary cause of diabetes-related disorders, but ambiguous tissue-specific insulin sensitivity has shed light on the importance of identifying a unified target paradigm for both the glycemic and non-glycemic context of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several studies have indicated hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), specifically complex 1 (mTORC1), as a critical mediator of T2D pathophysiology by promoting insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, vasoconstriction, and stress. Moreover, mTORC1 inhibitors like rapamycin and their analogs have shown significant benefits in diabetes and related cardiac dysfunction. Recently, FDA-approved anti-hyperglycemic sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have gained therapeutic popularity for T2D and diabetic cardiomyopathy, even acknowledging the absence of SGLT2 channels in the heart. Recent studies have proposed SGLT2-independent drug mechanisms to ascertain their cardioprotective benefits by regulating sodium homeostasis and mimicking energy deprivation. In this review, we systematically discuss the role of mTORC1 as a unified, eminent target to treat T2D-mediated cardiac dysfunction and scrutinize whether SGLT2is can target mTORC1 signaling to benefit patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Further studies are warranted to establish the underlying cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2is under diabetic conditions, with selective inhibition of cardiac mTORC1 but the concomitant activation of mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.S.); (X.F.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.S.); (X.F.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Christopher D. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.S.); (X.F.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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26
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Wang P, Li M, Gao T, Fan J, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Guo T, Gao X, Liu Y, Gao Y, Guan X, Sun X, Zhao J, Li H, Yang L. Vascular Electrical Stimulation with Wireless, Battery-Free, and Fully Implantable Features Reduces Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation Through Sirt1-Mediated Autophagy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300584. [PMID: 37267941 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is a safe and effective procedure in clinical rehabilitation with few adverse effects. However, studies on ES for atherosclerosis (AS) are scarce because ES does not provide a long-term intervention for chronic disease processes. Battery-free implants and surgically mounted them in the abdominal aorta of high-fat-fed Apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/- ) mice are used, which are electrically stimulated for four weeks using a wireless ES device to observe changes in atherosclerotic plaques. Results showed that there is almost no growth of atherosclerotic plaque at the stimulated site in AopE-/- mice after ES. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of Thp-1 macrophages reveal that the transcriptional activity of autophagy-related genes increase substantially after ES. Additionally, ES reduces lipid accumulation in macrophages by restoring ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that ES reduced lipid accumulation through Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)/Autophagy related 5 (Atg5) pathway-mediated autophagy. Furthermore, ES reverse autophagic dysfunction in macrophages of AopE-/- mouse plaques by restoring Sirt1, blunting P62 accumulation, and inhibiting the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, resulting in the alleviation of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Here, a novel approach is shown in which ES can be used as a promising therapeutic strategy for AS treatment through Sirt1/Atg5 pathway-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Manman Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Tielei Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Dengfeng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xi Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Xue Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiyi Zhao
- Cardiovascular Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Liming Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
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27
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Chen S, Li D, Zeng Z, Zhang W, Xie H, Tang J, Liao S, Cai W, Liu F, Tang D, Dai Y. Analysis of proteome and post-translational modifications of 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation reveals the glycolysis pathway in oral adenoid cystic carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:301. [PMID: 37741973 PMCID: PMC10517466 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral adenoid cystic carcinoma (OACC) has high rates of both local-regional recurrence and distant metastasis. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of Khib on OACC and its potential as a targeted therapeutic intervention. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We investigated the DEPs (differentially expressed proteins) and DHMPs between OACC-T and OACC-N using LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics and using several bioinformatics methods, including GO enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, subcellular localization prediction, MEA (motif enrichment analysis), and PPI (protein-protein interaction networks) to illustrate how Khib modification interfere with OACC evolution. RESULTS Compared OACC-tumor samples (OACC-T) with the adjacent normal samples (OACC-N), there were 3243 of the DEPs and 2011 Khib sites were identified on 764 proteins (DHMPs). DEPs and DHMPs were strongly associated to glycolysis pathway. GAPDH of K254, ENO of K228, and PGK1 of K323 were modified by Khib in OACC-T. Khib may increase the catalytic efficiency to promote glycolysis pathway and favor OACC progression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Khib may play a significant role in the mechanism of OACC progression by influencing the enzyme activity of the glycolysis pathway. These findings may provide new therapeutic options of OACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
- Experimental Center, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongliang Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Medical Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Medical Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengyou Liao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
- Comprehensive health Industry Research Center, Taizhou Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Taizhou, 318000, China.
- Department of Organ Transplantation, No.924 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Medical quality specialty of the Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, 541002, China.
- The first affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China.
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28
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Varghese B, Chianese U, Capasso L, Sian V, Bontempo P, Conte M, Benedetti R, Altucci L, Carafa V, Nebbioso A. SIRT1 activation promotes energy homeostasis and reprograms liver cancer metabolism. J Transl Med 2023; 21:627. [PMID: 37715252 PMCID: PMC10504761 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells are characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and impaired bioenergetics. Sirtuins are a family of highly conserved enzymes that play a fundamental role in energy metabolism regulation. SIRT1, in particular, drives many physiological stress responses and metabolic pathways following nutrient deprivation. We previously showed that SIRT1 activation using SCIC2.1 was able to attenuate genotoxic response and senescence. Here, we report that in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells under glucose-deprived conditions, SCIC2.1 treatment induced overexpression of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6, modulating metabolic response. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle. The MTT assay and xCELLigence system were used to measure cell viability and proliferation. In vitro enzymatic assays were carried out as directed by the manufacturer, and the absorbance was measured with an automated Infinite M1000 reader. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation were used to evaluate the expression of various proteins described in this study. The relative expression of genes was studied using real-time PCR. We employed a Seahorse XF24 Analyzer to determine the metabolic state of the cells. Oil Red O staining was used to measure lipid accumulation. RESULTS SCIC2.1 significantly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis via the AMPK-p53-PGC1α pathway and enhanced mitochondrial ATP production under glucose deprivation. SIRT1 inhibition by Ex-527 further supported our hypothesis that metabolic effects are dependent on SIRT1 activation. Interestingly, SCIC2.1 reprogrammed glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation for bioenergetic circuits by repressing de novo lipogenesis. In addition, SCIC2.1-mediated SIRT1 activation strongly modulated antioxidant response through SIRT3 activation, and p53-dependent stress response via indirect recruitment of SIRT6. CONCLUSION Our results show that SCIC2.1 is able to promote energy homeostasis, attenuating metabolic stress under glucose deprivation via activation of SIRT1. These findings shed light on the metabolic action of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of HCC and may help determine future therapies for this and, possibly, other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benluvankar Varghese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Sian
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
- IEOS CNR, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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29
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Shi M, Hou J, Liang W, Li Q, Shao S, Ci S, Shu C, Zhao X, Zhao S, Huang M, Wu C, Hu Z, He L, Guo Z, Pan F. GAPDH facilitates homologous recombination repair by stabilizing RAD51 in an HDAC1-dependent manner. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56437. [PMID: 37306047 PMCID: PMC10398663 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR), a form of error-free DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, is important for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Here, we identify a moonlighting protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), as a regulator of HR repair, which is mediated through HDAC1-dependent regulation of RAD51 stability. Mechanistically, in response to DSBs, Src signaling is activated and mediates GAPDH nuclear translocation. Then, GAPDH directly binds with HDAC1, releasing it from its suppressor. Subsequently, activated HDAC1 deacetylates RAD51 and prevents it from undergoing proteasomal degradation. GAPDH knockdown decreases RAD51 protein levels and inhibits HR, which is re-established by overexpression of HDAC1 but not SIRT1. Notably, K40 is an important acetylation site of RAD51, which facilitates stability maintenance. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the importance of GAPDH in HR repair, in addition to its glycolytic activity, and they show that GAPDH stabilizes RAD51 by interacting with HDAC1 and promoting HDAC1 deacetylation of RAD51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiajia Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Weichu Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qianwen Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower HospitalNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shusheng Ci
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chuanjun Shu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and InformaticsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xingqi Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shanmeizi Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Miaoling Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Congye Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
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Lin XT, Zhang J, Liu ZY, Wu D, Fang L, Li CM, Yu HQ, Xie CM. Elevated FBXW10 drives hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis via AR-VRK2 phosphorylation-dependent GAPDH ubiquitination in male transgenic mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112812. [PMID: 37450367 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common liver cancer, occurs mainly in men, but the underlying mechanism remains to be further explored. Here, we report that ubiquitinated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is responsible for HCC tumorigenesis in males. Mechanistically, FBXW10 promotes GAPDH polyubiquitination and activation; VRK2-dependent phosphorylation of GAPDH Ser151 residue is critical for GAPDH ubiquitination and activation. Activated GAPDH interacts with TRAF2, leading to upregulation of the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways, and increases PD-L1 and AR-VRK2 expression, followed by induction of immune evasion, HCC tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Notably, the GAPDH inhibitor koningic acid (KA) activates immune response and protects against FBXW10-driven HCC in vivo. In HCC clinical samples, the expression of active GAPDH is positively correlated with that of FBXW10 and VRK2. We propose that the FBXW10/AR/VRK2/GAPDH/NF-κB axis is critical for HCC tumorigenesis in males. Targeting this axis with KA is a potential therapeutic strategy for male HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ze-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chun-Ming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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Hieber C, Grabbe S, Bros M. Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37509121 PMCID: PMC10377144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens. The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal conditions, termed inflammaging, contributes to impaired innate immune responsiveness towards pathogen-mediated stimulation and limits antigen-presenting activity. Adaptive immune responses are attenuated as well due to lowered numbers of naïve lymphocytes and their impaired responsiveness towards antigen-specific stimulation. Additionally, the numbers of immunoregulatory cell types, comprising regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, that inhibit the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells are elevated. This review aims to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular causes of immunosenescence while also taking into account senescence effects that constitute immune evasion mechanisms in the case of chronic viral infections and cancer. For tumor therapy numerous nanoformulated drugs have been developed to overcome poor solubility of compounds and to enable cell-directed delivery in order to restore immune functions, e.g., by addressing dysregulated signaling pathways. Further, nanovaccines which efficiently address antigen-presenting cells to mount sustained anti-tumor immune responses have been clinically evaluated. Further, senolytics that selectively deplete senescent cells are being tested in a number of clinical trials. Here we discuss the potential use of such drugs to improve anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Zhu M, Wei C, Wang H, Han S, Cai L, Li X, Liao X, Che X, Li X, Fan L, Qiu G. SIRT1 mediated gastric cancer progression under glucose deprivation through the FoxO1-Rab7-autophagy axis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1175151. [PMID: 37293593 PMCID: PMC10244632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1175151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and autophagy have a two-way action (promoting cell death or survival) on the progression and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) under different conditions or environments. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of SIRT1 on autophagy and the malignant biological behavior of GC cells under conditions of glucose deprivation (GD). Materials and methods Human immortalized gastric mucosal cell GES-1 and GC cell lines SGC-7901, BGC-823, MKN-45 and MKN-28 were utilized. A sugar-free or low-sugar (glucose concentration, 2.5 mmol/L) DMEM medium was used to simulate GD. Additionally, CCK8, colony formation, scratches, transwell, siRNA interference, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus infection, flow cytometry and western blot assays were performed to investigate the role of SIRT1 in autophagy and malignant biological behaviors (proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle) of GC under GD and the underlying mechanism. Results SGC-7901 cells had the longest tolerance time to GD culture conditions, which had the highest expression of SIRT1 protein and the level of basal autophagy. With the extension of GD time, the autophagy activity in SGC-7901 cells also increased. Under GD conditions, we found a close relationship between SIRT1, FoxO1 and Rab7 in SGC-7901 cells. SIRT1 regulated the activity of FoxO1 and upregulated the expression of Rab7 through deacetylation, which ultimately affected autophagy in GC cells. In addition, changing the expression of FoxO1 provided feedback on the expression of SIRT1 in the cell. Reducing SIRT1, FoxO1 or Rab7 expression significantly inhibited the autophagy levels of GC cells under GD conditions, decreased the tolerance of GC cells to GD, enhanced the inhibition of GD in GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and increased apoptosis induced by GD. Conclusion The SIRT1-FoxO1-Rab7 pathway is crucial for the autophagy and malignant biological behaviors of GC cells under GD conditions, which could be a new target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Clinical Medicine Teaching and Research Section, Xi’an Health School, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shangning Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lindi Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhua Liao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangming Che
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanglin Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Metur SP, Lei Y, Zhang Z, Klionsky DJ. Regulation of autophagy gene expression and its implications in cancer. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260631. [PMID: 37199330 PMCID: PMC10214848 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that targets and eliminates superfluous cytoplasmic components via lysosomal degradation. This evolutionarily conserved process is tightly regulated at multiple levels as it is critical for the maintenance of homeostasis. Research in the past decade has established that dysregulation of autophagy plays a major role in various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. However, modulation of autophagy as a therapeutic strategy requires identification of key players that can fine tune the induction of autophagy without complete abrogation. In this Review, we summarize the recent discoveries on the mechanism of regulation of ATG (autophagy related) gene expression at the level of transcription, post transcription and translation. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the role of aberrant expression of ATG genes in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree Padma Metur
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Kirat D, Alahwany AM, Arisha AH, Abdelkhalek A, Miyasho T. Role of Macroautophagy in Mammalian Male Reproductive Physiology. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091322. [PMID: 37174722 PMCID: PMC10177121 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and self-degradative process in cells. Autophagy carries out normal physiological roles throughout mammalian life. Accumulating evidence shows autophagy as a mechanism for cellular growth, development, differentiation, survival, and homeostasis. In male reproductive systems, normal spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis need a balance between degradation and energy supply to preserve cellular metabolic homeostasis. The main process of autophagy includes the formation and maturation of the phagophore, autophagosome, and autolysosome. Autophagy is controlled by a group of autophagy-related genes that form the core machinery of autophagy. Three types of autophagy mechanisms have been discovered in mammalian cells: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Autophagy is classified as non-selective or selective. Non-selective macroautophagy randomly engulfs the cytoplasmic components in autophagosomes that are degraded by lysosomal enzymes. While selective macroautophagy precisely identifies and degrades a specific element, current findings have shown the novel functional roles of autophagy in male reproduction. It has been recognized that dysfunction in the autophagy process can be associated with male infertility. Overall, this review provides an overview of the cellular and molecular basics of autophagy and summarizes the latest findings on the key role of autophagy in mammalian male reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Kirat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Alahwany
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Taku Miyasho
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Responses, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Yan Z, Cao X, Sun S, Sun B, Gao J. Inhibition of GSK3B phosphorylation improves glucose and lipid metabolism disorder. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166726. [PMID: 37146915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder is considered as one of the key pathogenic factors for many chronic diseases. Revealing the molecular mechanism of metabolic disorder and exploring drug targets are crucial for the treatment of glucose and lipid metabolic diseases. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases. Herein, GAPDH-knockdown ZFL cells and GAPDH-downregulation zebrafish exhibited significant lipid deposition increase and glycogen reduction, thus inducing glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Using high-sensitivity mass spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis, we identified 6838 proteins and 3738 phosphorylated proteins in GAPDH-knockdown ZFL cells. The protein-protein interaction network and DEPPs analyses showed that gsk3baY216 were involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, which was verified by In vitro study. The enzyme activity analysis and cell staining results showed that HepG2 and NCTC-1469 cells transfected with GSK3BY216F plasmid had significantly lower glucose and insulin levels, the decreased lipid deposition, and the increased glycogen synthesis than those transfected with GSK3BY216E plasmid, suggesting that inhibition of GSK3B phosphorylation could significantly improve GSK3B hyperphosphorylation-induced glucose tolerance impairment and insulin sensitivity reduction. To our knowledge, this is the first multi-omic study of GAPDH-knockdown ZFL cells. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism of glucose and lipid metabolic disorder, and provides potential targets (kinases) for the treatments of human glucose and lipid metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yan
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shouxiang Sun
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bing Sun
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Dhiman A, Talukdar S, Chaubey GK, Dilawari R, Modanwal R, Chaudhary S, Patidar A, Boradia VM, Kumbhar P, Raje CI, Raje M. Regulation of Macrophage Cell Surface GAPDH Alters LL-37 Internalization and Downstream Effects in the Cell. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:581-598. [PMID: 37080180 PMCID: PMC10315065 DOI: 10.1159/000530083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the major causative agent of tuberculosis, has evolved mechanisms to evade host defenses and persist within host cells. Host-directed therapies against infected cells are emerging as an effective option. Cationic host defense peptide LL-37 is known to internalize into cells and induce autophagy resulting in intracellular killing of M.tb. This peptide also regulates the immune system and interacts with the multifunctional protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) inside macrophages. Our investigations revealed that GAPDH moonlights as a mononuclear cell surface receptor that internalizes LL-37. We confirmed that the surface levels of purinergic receptor 7, the receptor previously reported for this peptide, remained unaltered on M.tb infected macrophages. Upon infection or cellular activation with IFNγ, surface recruited GAPDH bound to and internalized LL-37 into endocytic compartments via a lipid raft-dependent process. We also discovered a role for GAPDH in LL-37-mediated autophagy induction and clearance of intracellular pathogens. In infected macrophages wherein GAPDH had been knocked down, we observed an inhibition of LL-37-mediated autophagy which was rescued by GAPDH overexpression. This process was dependent on intracellular calcium and p38 MAPK pathways. Our findings reveal a previously unknown process by which macrophages internalize an antimicrobial peptide via cell surface GAPDH and suggest a moonlighting role of GAPDH in regulating cellular phenotypic responses of LL-37 resulting in reduction of M.tb burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Dhiman
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Rahul Dilawari
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Anil Patidar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumbhar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | | | - Manoj Raje
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Chandigarh, India
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Zhang Z, Liu C, Zhou X, Zhang X. The Critical Role of Sirt1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhages: Mechanism and Therapeutic Considerations. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040674. [PMID: 37190639 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. As a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is a multipotent molecule involved in many pathophysiological processes. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that Sirt1 activation may exert positive effects on SAHs by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Thus, Sirt1 agonists may serve as potential therapeutic drugs for SAHs. In this review, we summarized the current state of our knowledge on the relationship between Sirt1 and SAHs and provided an updated overview of the downstream molecules of Sirt1 in SAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Marcucci F, Rumio C. On the Role of Glycolysis in Early Tumorigenesis-Permissive and Executioner Effects. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081124. [PMID: 37190033 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming energy production from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis is now considered a hallmark of cancer. When tumors grow beyond a certain size they give rise to changes in their microenvironment (e.g., hypoxia, mechanical stress) that are conducive to the upregulation of glycolysis. Over the years, however, it has become clear that glycolysis can also associate with the earliest steps of tumorigenesis. Thus, many of the oncoproteins most commonly involved in tumor initiation and progression upregulate glycolysis. Moreover, in recent years, considerable evidence has been reported suggesting that upregulated glycolysis itself, through its enzymes and/or metabolites, may play a causative role in tumorigenesis, either by acting itself as an oncogenic stimulus or by facilitating the appearance of oncogenic mutations. In fact, several changes induced by upregulated glycolysis have been shown to be involved in tumor initiation and early tumorigenesis: glycolysis-induced chromatin remodeling, inhibition of premature senescence and induction of proliferation, effects on DNA repair, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of target proteins, antiapoptotic effects, induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition or autophagy, and induction of angiogenesis. In this article we summarize the evidence that upregulated glycolysis is involved in tumor initiation and, in the following, we propose a mechanistic model aimed at explaining how upregulated glycolysis may play such a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
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Alizadeh J, Kavoosi M, Singh N, Lorzadeh S, Ravandi A, Kidane B, Ahmed N, Mraiche F, Mowat MR, Ghavami S. Regulation of Autophagy via Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082195. [PMID: 37190124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes are an important component of tumor cell progression. Tumor cells adapt to environmental stresses via changes to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Autophagy, a physiological process in mammalian cells that digests damaged organelles and misfolded proteins via lysosomal degradation, is closely associated with metabolism in mammalian cells, acting as a meter of cellular ATP levels. In this review, we discuss the changes in glycolytic and lipid biosynthetic pathways in mammalian cells and their impact on carcinogenesis via the autophagy pathway. In addition, we discuss the impact of these metabolic pathways on autophagy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mahboubeh Kavoosi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Navjit Singh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael R Mowat
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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Sawant Dessai A, Kalhotra P, Novickis AT, Dasgupta S. Regulation of tumor metabolism by post translational modifications on metabolic enzymes. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:548-558. [PMID: 35999357 PMCID: PMC9947196 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Several metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, lipid metabolism, and glutamine catabolism are frequently altered to support cancer growth. Importantly, the activity of the rate-limiting metabolic enzymes in these pathways are specifically modulated in cancer cells. This is achieved by transcriptional, translational, and post translational regulations that enhance the expression, activity, stability, and substrate sensitivity of the rate-limiting enzymes. These mechanisms allow the enzymes to retain increased activity supporting the metabolic needs of rapidly growing tumors, sustain their survival in the hostile tumor microenvironments and in the metastatic lesions. In this review, we primarily focused on the post translational modifications of the rate-limiting enzymes in the glucose and glutamine metabolism, TCA cycle, and fatty acid metabolism promoting tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisha Sawant Dessai
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Poonam Kalhotra
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Aaron T Novickis
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Dadashkhan S, Mirmotalebisohi SA, Poursheykhi H, Sameni M, Ghani S, Abbasi M, Kalantari S, Zali H. Deciphering crucial genes in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and drug repurposing: A systems biology approach. J Proteomics 2023; 280:104890. [PMID: 36966969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
This study employed systems biology and high-throughput technologies to analyze complex molecular components of MS pathophysiology, combining data from multiple omics sources to identify potential biomarkers and propose therapeutic targets and repurposed drugs for MS treatment. This study analyzed GEO microarray datasets and MS proteomics data using geWorkbench, CTD, and COREMINE to identify differentially expressed genes associated with MS disease. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape and its plugins, and functional enrichment analysis was performed to identify crucial molecules. A drug-gene interaction network was also created using DGIdb to propose medications. This study identified 592 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with MS disease using GEO, proteomics, and text-mining datasets. 37 DEGs were found to be important by topographical network studies, and 6 were identified as the most significant for MS pathophysiology. Additionally, we proposed six drugs that target these key genes. Crucial molecules identified in this study were dysregulated in MS and likely play a key role in the disease mechanism, warranting further research. Additionally, we proposed repurposing certain FDA-approved drugs for MS treatment. Our in silico results were supported by previous experimental research on some of the target genes and drugs. SIGNIFICANCE: As the long-lasting investigations continue to discover new pathological territories in neurodegeneration, here we apply a systems biology approach to determine multiple sclerosis's molecular and pathophysiological origin and identify multiple sclerosis crucial genes that contribute to candidating new biomarkers and proposing new medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Dadashkhan
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany; Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poursheykhi
- Department of New Scientist, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sameni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ghani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sima Kalantari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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42
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Baeken MW. Sirtuins and their influence on autophagy. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 36745668 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins and autophagy are well-characterized agents that can promote longevity and protect individual organisms from age-associated diseases like neurodegenerative disorders. In recent years, more and more data has been obtained that discerned potential overlaps and crosstalk between Sirtuin proteins and autophagic activity. This review aims to summarize the advances within the field for each individual Sirtuin in mammalian systems. In brief, most Sirtuins have been implicated in promoting autophagy, with Sirtuin 1 and Sirtuin 6 showing the highest immediate involvement, while Sirtuin 4 and Sirtuin 5 only demonstrate occasional influence. The way Sirtuins regulate autophagy, however, is very diverse, as they have been shown to regulate gene expression of autophagy-associated genes and posttranslational modifications of proteins, with consequences for the activity and cellular localization of these proteins. They have also been shown to determine specific proteins for autophagic degradation. Overall, much data has been accumulated over recent years, yet many open questions remain. Especially although the dynamic between Sirtuin proteins and the immediate regulation of autophagic players like Light Chain 3B has been confirmed, many of these proteins have various orthologues in mammalian systems, and research so far has not exceeded the bona fide components of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius W Baeken
- Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Engineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
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43
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation, play crucial roles in the regulation of autophagy. Acetylation has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for autophagy. Acetylation regulates autophagy initiation and autophagosome formation by targeting core components of the ULK1 complex, the BECN1-PIK3C3 complex, and the LC3 lipidation system. Recent studies have shown that acetylation occurs on the key proteins participating in autophagic cargo assembly and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, such as SQSTM1/p62 and STX17. In addition, acetylation controls autophagy at the transcriptional level by targeting histones and the transcription factor TFEB. Here, we review the current knowledge on acetylation of autophagy proteins and their regulations and functions in the autophagy pathway with focus on recent findings.Abbreviations : ACAT1: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1; ACSS2: acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CCAR2/DBC1: cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2; BECN1: beclin 1; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CREBBP/CBP: CREB binding protein; EP300/p300: E1A binding protein p300; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSK3: glycogen synthase kinase 3; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; KAT2A/GCN5: lysine acetyltransferase 2A; KAT2B/PCAF: lysine acetyltransferase 2B; KAT5/TIP60: lysine acetyltransferase 5; KAT8/MOF: lysine acetyltransferase 8; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OPTN: optineurin; PD: Parkinson disease; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PKM2: pyruvate kinase M1/2; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTM: post-translational modification; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RUBCN/Rubicon: rubicon autophagy regulator; RUBCNL/Pacer: rubicon like autophagy enhancer; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SNAP29: synaptosome associated protein 29; SNARE: soluble N-ethylamide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; TP53INP2/DOR: tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2; UBA: ubiquitin-associated; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Xu
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,CONTACT Wei Wan Research Building B, Room 716, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
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Short-Term Starvation Weakens the Efficacy of Cell Cycle Specific Chemotherapy Drugs through G1 Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032498. [PMID: 36768821 PMCID: PMC9917170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-term starvation (STS) during chemotherapy can block the nutrient supply to tumors and make tumor cells much more sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs than normal cells. However, because of the diversity of starvation methods and the heterogeneity of tumors, this method's specific effects and mechanisms for chemotherapy are still poorly understood. In this study, we used HeLa cells as a model for short-term starvation and etoposide (ETO) combined treatment, and we also mimicked the short-term starvation effect by knocking down the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH to explore the exact molecular mechanism. In addition, our study demonstrated that short-term starvation protects cancer cells against the chemotherapeutic agent ETO by reducing DNA damage and apoptosis due to the STS-induced cell cycle G1 phase block and S phase reduction, thereby diminishing the effect of ETO. Furthermore, these results suggest that starvation therapy in combination with cell cycle-specific chemotherapeutic agents must be carefully considered.
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Huerta M, Franco-Serrano L, Amela I, Perez-Pons JA, Piñol J, Mozo-Villarías A, Querol E, Cedano J. Role of Moonlighting Proteins in Disease: Analyzing the Contribution of Canonical and Moonlighting Functions in Disease Progression. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020235. [PMID: 36672169 PMCID: PMC9857295 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The term moonlighting proteins refers to those proteins that present alternative functions performed by a single polypeptide chain acquired throughout evolution (called canonical and moonlighting, respectively). Over 78% of moonlighting proteins are involved in human diseases, 48% are targeted by current drugs, and over 25% of them are involved in the virulence of pathogenic microorganisms. These facts encouraged us to study the link between the functions of moonlighting proteins and disease. We found a large number of moonlighting functions activated by pathological conditions that are highly involved in disease development and progression. The factors that activate some moonlighting functions take place only in pathological conditions, such as specific cellular translocations or changes in protein structure. Some moonlighting functions are involved in disease promotion while others are involved in curbing it. The disease-impairing moonlighting functions attempt to restore the homeostasis, or to reduce the damage linked to the imbalance caused by the disease. The disease-promoting moonlighting functions primarily involve the immune system, mesenchyme cross-talk, or excessive tissue proliferation. We often find moonlighting functions linked to the canonical function in a pathological context. Moonlighting functions are especially coordinated in inflammation and cancer. Wound healing and epithelial to mesenchymal transition are very representative. They involve multiple moonlighting proteins with a different role in each phase of the process, contributing to the current-phase phenotype or promoting a phase switch, mitigating the damage or intensifying the remodeling. All of this implies a new level of complexity in the study of pathology genesis, progression, and treatment. The specific protein function involved in a patient's progress or that is affected by a drug must be elucidated for the correct treatment of diseases.
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Han YP, Liu LJ, Yan JL, Chen MY, Meng XF, Zhou XR, Qian LB. Autophagy and its therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139444. [PMID: 37020591 PMCID: PMC10067862 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is the most significant microvascular complication of diabetes and poses a severe public health concern due to a lack of effective clinical treatments. Autophagy is a lysosomal process that degrades damaged proteins and organelles to preserve cellular homeostasis. Emerging studies have shown that disorder in autophagy results in the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles in diabetic renal cells and promotes the development of DN. Autophagy is regulated by nutrient-sensing pathways including AMPK, mTOR, and Sirt1, and several intracellular stress signaling pathways such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. An abnormal nutritional status and excess cellular stresses caused by diabetes-related metabolic disorders disturb the autophagic flux, leading to cellular dysfunction and DN. Here, we summarized the role of autophagy in DN focusing on signaling pathways to modulate autophagy and therapeutic interferences of autophagy in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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47
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Guirado J, Carranza-Valencia J, Morante J. Mammalian puberty: a fly perspective. FEBS J 2023; 290:359-369. [PMID: 35607827 PMCID: PMC10084137 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian puberty and Drosophila metamorphosis, despite their evolutionary distance, exhibit similar design principles and conservation of molecular components. In this Viewpoint, we review recent advances in this area and the similarities between both processes in terms of the signaling pathways and neuroendocrine circuits involved. We argue that the detection and uptake of peripheral fat by Drosophila prothoracic endocrine cells induces endomembrane remodeling and ribosomal maturation, leading to the acquisition of high biosynthetic and secretory capacity. The absence of this fat-neuroendocrine interorgan communication leads to giant, obese, non-pupating larvae. Importantly, human leptin is capable of signaling the pupariation process in Drosophila, and its expression prevents obesity and triggers maturation in mutants that do not pupate. This implies that insect metamorphosis can be used to address issues related to the biology of leptin and puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guirado
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Carranza-Valencia
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Morante
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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48
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Gao N, Yang Y, Liu S, Fang C, Dou X, Zhang L, Shan A. Gut-Derived Metabolites from Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Quench Intestinal Inflammation through the AMPK-SIRT1-Autophagy Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:16080-16095. [PMID: 36521060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan has drawn wide attention due to its involvement in improving intestinal immune defense directly and indirectly by regulating metabolic pathways. The study aims to elucidate the potential modulating roles of tryptophan to protect against intestinal inflammation and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The protective effects of tryptophan against intestinal inflammation are examined in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model. We first found that tryptophan markedly (p < 0.01) inhibited proinflammatory cytokines production and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway activation upon LPS challenge. Next, we demonstrated that tryptophan (p < 0.05) attenuated LPS-caused intestinal mucosal barrier damage by increasing the number of goblet cells, mucins, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the ileum of mice. In addition, tryptophan (p < 0.05) inhibited LPS-induced autophagic flux through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway in the intestinal systems to maintain autophagy homeostasis. Meanwhile, tryptophan also reshaped the gut microbiota composition in LPS-challenge mice by increasing the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria such as Acetivibrio (0.053 ± 0.017 to 0.21 ± 0.0041%). Notably, dietary tryptophan resulted in the activation of metabolic pathways during the inflammatory response. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of tryptophan metabolites kynurenine (Kyn) and 5-HT in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) reproduced similar protective effects as tryptophan to attenuate LPS-induced intestinal inflammation through regulating the AMPK-SIRT1-autophagy. Taken together, the present study indicates that tryptophan exhibits intestinal protective and immunoregulatory effects resulting from the activation of metabolic pathways, maintenance of gut mucosal barrier integrity, microbiota composition, and AMPK-SIRT1-autophagy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunyang Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiujing Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Licong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Lv H, Peng Z, Jia B, Jing H, Cao S, Xu Z, Dong W. Transcriptome analysis of PK-15 cells expressing CSFV NS4A. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:434. [PMID: 36503524 PMCID: PMC9742017 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe disease of pigs that results in huge economic losses worldwide and is caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). CSFV nonstructural protein 4 A (NS4A) plays a crucial role in infectious CSFV particle formation. However, the function of NS4A during CSFV infection is not well understood. RESULTS: In this study, we used RNA-seq to investigate the functional role of CSFV NS4A in PK-15 cells. A total of 3893 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in PK-15 cells expressing NS4A compared to cells expressing the empty vector (NC). Twelve DEGs were selected and further verified by RT‒qPCR. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were associated with multiple biological functions, including cell adhesion, apoptosis, host defence response, the inflammatory response, the immune response, and autophagy. Interestingly, some genes associated with host immune defence and inflammatory response were downregulated, and some genes associated with host apoptosis and autophagy were upregulated. CONCLUSION CSFV NS4A inhibits the innate immune response, and suppresses the expression of important genes associated with defence response to viruses and inflammatory response, and regulates cell adhesion, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Lv
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Peng
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Jia
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyuan Jing
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sufang Cao
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Xu
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wang Dong
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
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50
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Udroiu I, Marinaccio J, Sgura A. Many Functions of Telomerase Components: Certainties, Doubts, and Inconsistencies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315189. [PMID: 36499514 PMCID: PMC9736166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have evidenced non-telomeric functions of "telomerase". Almost all of them, however, investigated the non-canonical effects of the catalytic subunit TERT, and not the telomerase ribonucleoprotein holoenzyme. These functions mainly comprise signal transduction, gene regulation and the increase of anti-oxidative systems. Although less studied, TERC (the RNA component of telomerase) has also been shown to be involved in gene regulation, as well as other functions. All this has led to the publication of many reviews on the subject, which, however, are often disseminating personal interpretations of experimental studies of other researchers as original proofs. Indeed, while some functions such as gene regulation seem ascertained, especially because mechanistic findings have been provided, other ones remain dubious and/or are contradicted by other direct or indirect evidence (e.g., telomerase activity at double-strand break site, RNA polymerase activity of TERT, translation of TERC, mitochondrion-processed TERC). In a critical study of the primary evidence so far obtained, we show those functions for which there is consensus, those showing contradictory results and those needing confirmation. The resulting picture, together with some usually neglected aspects, seems to indicate a link between TERT and TERC functions and cellular stemness and gives possible directions for future research.
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