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Hu C, Yang J, Qi Z, Wu H, Wang B, Zou F, Mei H, Liu J, Wang W, Liu Q. Heat shock proteins: Biological functions, pathological roles, and therapeutic opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e161. [PMID: 35928554 PMCID: PMC9345296 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous and conserved protein families in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and they maintain cellular proteostasis and protect cells from stresses. HSP protein families are classified based on their molecular weights, mainly including large HSPs, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, and small HSPs. They function as molecular chaperons in cells and work as an integrated network, participating in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, refolding metastable proteins, protein complex assembly, dissociating protein aggregate dissociation, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. In addition to their chaperone functions, they also play important roles in cell signaling transduction, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulation. Therefore, malfunction of HSPs is related with many diseases, including cancers, neurodegeneration, and other diseases. In this review, we describe the current understandings about the molecular mechanisms of the major HSP families including HSP90/HSP70/HSP60/HSP110 and small HSPs, how the HSPs keep the protein proteostasis and response to stresses, and we also discuss their roles in diseases and the recent exploration of HSP related therapy and diagnosis to modulate diseases. These research advances offer new prospects of HSPs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Ziping Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Hong Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Fengming Zou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Husheng Mei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
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Wu T, Jia L, Lei S, Jiang H, Liu J, Li N, Langford PR, Liu H, Lei L. Host HSPD1 Translocation from Mitochondria to the Cytoplasm Induced by Streptococcus suis Serovar 2 Enolase Mediates Apoptosis and Loss of Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132071. [PMID: 35805155 PMCID: PMC9265368 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serovar 2 (S. suis serovar 2) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes meningitis in pigs and humans, and is a serious threat to the swine industry and public health. Understanding the mechanism(s) by which S. suis serovar 2 penetrates the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is crucial to elucidating the pathogenesis of meningitis. In a previous study, we found that expression of the virulence factor enolase (Eno) by S. suis serovar 2 promotes the expression of host heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1) in brain tissue, which leads to the apoptosis of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells (PBMECs) and increased BBB permeability, which in turn promotes bacterial translocation across the BBB. However, the mechanism by which HSPD1 mediates Eno-induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Eno promotes the translocation of HSPD1 from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, where HSPD1 binds to β-actin (ACTB), the translocated HSPD1, and its interaction with ACTB led to adverse changes in cell morphology and promoted the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac), and cleaved caspase-3; inhibited the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP); and finally promoted cell apoptosis. These results further elucidate the role of HSPD1 in the process of Eno-induced apoptosis and increased BBB permeability, increasing our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of meningitis, and providing a framework for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Siyu Lei
- School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK;
| | - Hongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.L.)
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Van Damme E, Vanhove J, Severyn B, Verschueren L, Pauwels F. The Hepatitis B Virus Interactome: A Comprehensive Overview. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:724877. [PMID: 34603251 PMCID: PMC8482013 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.724877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of a prophylactic vaccine, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem affecting an estimated 292 million people globally. Current therapeutic goals are to achieve functional cure characterized by HBsAg seroclearance and the absence of HBV-DNA after treatment cessation. However, at present, functional cure is thought to be complicated due to the presence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and integrated HBV-DNA. Even if the episomal cccDNA is silenced or eliminated, it remains unclear how important the high level of HBsAg that is expressed from integrated HBV DNA is for the pathology. To identify therapies that could bring about high rates of functional cure, in-depth knowledge of the virus' biology is imperative to pinpoint mechanisms for novel therapeutic targets. The viral proteins and the episomal cccDNA are considered integral for the control and maintenance of the HBV life cycle and through direct interaction with the host proteome they help create the most optimal environment for the virus whilst avoiding immune detection. New HBV-host protein interactions are continuously being identified. Unfortunately, a compendium of the most recent information is lacking and an interactome is unavailable. This article provides a comprehensive review of the virus-host relationship from viral entry to release, as well as an interactome of cccDNA, HBc, and HBx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Van Damme
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vanhove
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium.,Early Discovery Biology, Charles River Laboratories, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bryan Severyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Springhouse, PA, United States
| | - Lore Verschueren
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Pauwels
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium
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Cavazzoni CB, Bozza VB, Lucas TC, Conde L, Maia B, Mesin L, Schiepers A, Ersching J, Neris RL, Conde JN, Coelho DR, Lima TM, Alvim RG, Castilho LR, de Paula Neto HA, Mohana-Borges R, Assunção-Miranda I, Nobrega A, Victora GD, Vale AM. The immunodominant antibody response to Zika virus NS1 protein is characterized by cross-reactivity to self. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210580. [PMID: 34292314 PMCID: PMC8302445 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides antigen-specific responses to viral antigens, humoral immune response in virus infection can generate polyreactive and autoreactive antibodies. Dengue and Zika virus infections have been linked to antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome. A unique feature of flaviviruses is the secretion of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) by infected cells. NS1 is highly immunogenic, and antibodies targeting NS1 can have both protective and pathogenic roles. In the present study, we investigated the humoral immune response to Zika virus NS1 and found NS1 to be an immunodominant viral antigen associated with the presence of autoreactive antibodies. Through single B cell cultures, we coupled binding assays and BCR sequencing, confirming the immunodominance of NS1. We demonstrate the presence of self-reactive clones in germinal centers after both infection and immunization, some of which present cross-reactivity with NS1. Sequence analysis of anti-NS1 B cell clones showed sequence features associated with pathogenic autoreactive antibodies. Our findings demonstrate NS1 immunodominance at the cellular level as well as a potential role for NS1 in ZIKV-associated autoimmune manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia B. Cavazzoni
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Vicente B.T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tostes C.V. Lucas
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conde
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Maia
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luka Mesin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Ariën Schiepers
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jonatan Ersching
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Romulo L.S. Neris
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas N. Conde
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego R. Coelho
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tulio M. Lima
- Programa de Engenharia Química, Laboratório de Engenharia de Cultivos Celulares, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata G.F. Alvim
- Programa de Engenharia Química, Laboratório de Engenharia de Cultivos Celulares, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leda R. Castilho
- Programa de Engenharia Química, Laboratório de Engenharia de Cultivos Celulares, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor A. de Paula Neto
- Laboratório de Alvos Moleculares, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Nobrega
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel D. Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Andre M. Vale
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Milani A, Baesi K, Agi E, Bolhassani A. Detection of Anti-IgGs against Heat Shock Proteins 27 and 20, HP91 Peptide, and HIV-1 Polypeptides in HIV-Positive and Negative Patients. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.8.3.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Heat shock proteins in infection. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 498:90-100. [PMID: 31437446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are constitutively expressed under physiological conditions in most organisms but their expression can significantly enhance in response to four types of stimuli including physical (e.g., radiation or heat shock), chemical and microbial (e.g., pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi) stimuli, and also dietary. These proteins were identified for their role in protecting cells from high temperature and other forms of stress. HSPs control physiological activities or virulence through interaction with various regulators of cellular signaling pathways. Several roles were determined for HSPs in the immune system including intracellular roles (e.g., antigen presentation and expression of innate receptors) as well as extracellular roles (e.g., tumor immunosurveillance and autoimmunity). It was observed that exogenously administered HSPs induced various immune responses in immunotherapy of cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity. Moreover, virus interaction with HSPs as molecular chaperones showed important roles in regulating viral infections including cell entry and nuclear import, viral replication and gene expression, folding/assembly of viral protein, apoptosis regulation, and host immunity. Viruses could regulate host HSPs at different levels such as transcription, translation, post-translational modification and cellular localization. In this review, we attempt to overview the roles of HSPs in a variety of infectious diseases.
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Ceccin ADF, Souza APD, Hilário GT, Muller DM, Romão PRT, Rodrigues Junior LC. HspBP1 and anti-HspBP1 levels in the serum of HIV-infected individuals are associated to the disease progression. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:576-585. [PMID: 30786116 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this research was to quantify the levels of circulating HspBP1 and anti-HspBP1 IgG in HIV-infected individuals and to correlate them with CD4 T cell counts and viral load, as well as to determine the kinetics of those proteins during acute phase. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty serum samples from HIV-positive outpatients, thirty with high viral load and thirty with low viral load were analysed. The HspBP1 and anti-HspBP1 were quantified by ELISA. To investigate the kinetic of HspBP1 and anti-HspBp1 during the acute phase, these proteins and antibodies were quantified in samples of a commercial seroconverting HIV panel. All dosages were compared with the CD4 and CD8 T cell counts and HIV viral load. The results indicated that HIV positive outpatients presented significant increase in HspBP1 and anti-HspBP1 serum levels, compared with uninfected healthy. HspBP1 and anti-HspBP1 were negatively correlated with CD4 counts and CD4:CD8 ratio. In the acute phase, HspBP1 became significantly elevated 15 days after HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the quantification of HspBP1 can be associated to others well-established parameters of the HIV progression. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The discovery that HspBp1 and anti-HspBp1 are associated with progression of HIV infection is new and corroborates to validate the quantification of these proteins as an additional strategy in the management of the HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D F Ceccin
- Hemocenter of Santa Maria - Alameda Santiago de Chile Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A P D Souza
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Escola de Ciências. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G T Hilário
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D M Muller
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P R T Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L C Rodrigues Junior
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Xu W, Luo Z, Alekseyenko AV, Martin L, Wan Z, Ling B, Qin Z, Heath SL, Maas K, Cong X, Jiang W. Distinct systemic microbiome and microbial translocation are associated with plasma level of anti-CD4 autoantibody in HIV infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12863. [PMID: 30150778 PMCID: PMC6110826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial signals have been linked to autoantibody induction. Recently, we found that purified anti-CD4 autoantibodies from the plasma of chronic HIV-1-infected patients under viral-suppressed antiretroviral therapy (ART) play a pathologic role in poor CD4+ T cell recovery. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association of systemic microbiome and anti-CD4 autoantibody production in HIV. Plasma microbiome from 12 healthy controls and 22 HIV-infected subjects under viral-suppressed ART were analyzed by MiSeq sequencing. Plasma level of autoantibodies and microbial translocation (LPS, total bacterial 16S rDNA, soluble CD14, and LPS binding protein) were analyzed by ELISA, limulus amebocyte assay, and qPCR. We found that plasma level of anti-CD4 IgGs but not anti-CD8 IgGs was increased in HIV+ subjects compared to healthy controls. HIV+ subjects with plasma anti-CD4 IgG > 50 ng/mL (high) had reduced microbial diversity compared to HIV+ subjects with anti-CD4 IgG ≤ 50 ng/mL (low). Moreover, plasma anti-CD4 IgG level was associated with elevated microbial translocation and reduced microbial diversity in HIV+ subjects. The Alphaproteobacteria class was significantly enriched in HIV+ subjects with low anti-CD4 IgG compared to patients with high anti-CD4 IgG even after controlling for false discovery rate (FDR). The microbial components were different from the phylum to genus level in HIV+ subjects with high anti-CD4 IgGs compared to the other two groups, but these differences were not significant after controlling for FDR. These results suggest that systemic microbial translocation and microbiome may associate with anti-CD4 autoantibody production in ART-treated HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Xu
- University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Program for Human Microbiome Research, Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Lisa Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Zhuang Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Binhua Ling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, New Orleans, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Departments of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sonya L Heath
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kendra Maas
- Microbial Analysis, Resources, and Services, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Xiaomei Cong
- University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Satta N, Pagano S, Montecucco F, Gencer B, Mach F, Kaiser L, Calmy A, Vuilleumier N. Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 autoantibodies are associated with immunodeficiency and systemic inflammation in HIV patients. J Infect 2017; 76:186-195. [PMID: 29198606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the existence of autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgG) in HIV patients and explore their association with biological features of HIV infection and different inflammatory biomarkers. We also evaluated their impact on CD4+ lymphocytes survival. METHODS Anti-apoA-1 IgG plasma levels were assessed by ELISA in 237 HIV positive patients from a national prospective cohort with no current lipid-lowering therapy. RESULTS 58% of patients were found positive for anti-apoA-1 IgG and were associated with lower CD4+ counts, but higher viremia and systemic inflammation. Logistic regression analyses indicated that high anti-apoA-1 IgG levels were associated with a 16-fold increased risk of displaying low CD4+ levels, independent of HIV RNA levels and treatment (adjusted Odds ratio [OR]:16.1, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]:1.80-143.6; p = 0.01), and a 6-fold increased risk of having a detectable viremia, independent of antiretroviral treatment (OR:5.47; 95% CI:1.63-18.36; p = 0.006). In vitro, anti-apoA-1 IgG induced dose and time-dependent CD4+ apoptosis that was increased by exposure to HIV RNA. CONCLUSIONS In HIV patients, anti-apoA-1 IgG levels are associated with low CD4+ counts, high viremia and a pro-inflammatory systemic profile. Anti-apoA-1 IgG can promote CD4+ lymphocyte apoptosis via undefined pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Satta
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Sabrina Pagano
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Medical Clinic, Laboratory of Phagocyte Physiopathology and Inflammation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, largo Benzi 10 16143 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 9 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Baris Gencer
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, 64 Avenue de la Roseraie, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, 64 Avenue de la Roseraie, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Verschoor JA, Baird MS, Grooten J. Towards understanding the functional diversity of cell wall mycolic acids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:325-39. [PMID: 22659327 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycolic acids constitute the waxy layer of the outer cell wall of Mycobacterium spp. and a few other genera. They are diverse in structure, providing a unique chromatographic foot-print for almost each of the more than 70 Mycobacterium species. Although mainly esterified to cell wall arabinogalactan, trehalose or glucose, some free mycolic acid is secreted during in vitro growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In M. tuberculosis, α-, keto- and methoxy-mycolic acids are the main classes, each differing in their ability to attract neutrophils, induce foamy macrophages or adopt an antigenic structure for antibody recognition. Of interest is their particular relationship to cholesterol, discovered by their ability to attract cholesterol, to bind Amphotericin B or to be recognised by monoclonal antibodies that cross-react with cholesterol. The structural elements that determine this diverse functionality include the carboxylic acid in the mycolic motif, as well as the nature and stereochemistry of the two functional groups in the merochain. The functional diversity of mycolic acid classes implies that much information may be contained in the selective expression and secretion of mycolic acids to establish tuberculosis after infection of the host. Their cholesteroid nature may relate to how they utilize host cholesterol for their persistent survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Verschoor
- Department Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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11
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Langmár Z, Vleskó G. A hősokkfehérjék lehetséges szerepe a petefészekrák kezelésében. Orv Hetil 2011; 152:92-5. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2011.29024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Madrigal-Matute J, Martin-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM, Egido J, Michel JB, Meilhac O. Heat-shock proteins in cardiovascular disease. Adv Clin Chem 2011; 54:1-43. [PMID: 21874755 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387025-4.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) belong to a group of highly conserved families of proteins expressed by all cells and organisms and their expression may be constitutive or inducible. They are generally considered as protective molecules against different types of stress and have numerous intracellular functions. Secretion or release of HSPs has also been described, and potential roles for extracellular HSPs reported. HSP expression is modulated by different stimuli involved in all steps of atherogenesis including oxidative stress, proteolytic aggression, or inflammation. Also, antibodies to HSPs may be used to monitor the response to different types of stress able to induce changes in HSP levels. In the present review, we will focus on the potential implication of HSPs in atherogenesis and discuss the limitations to the use of HSPs and anti-HSPs as biomarkers of atherothrombosis. HSPs could also be considered as potential therapeutic targets to reinforce vascular defenses and delay or avoid clinical complications associated with atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Ciccosanti F, Corazzari M, Soldani F, Matarrese P, Pagliarini V, Iadevaia V, Tinari A, Zaccarelli M, Perfettini JL, Malorni W, Kroemer G, Antinori A, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. Proteomic analysis identifies prohibitin down-regulation as a crucial event in the mitochondrial damage observed in HIV-infected patients. Antivir Ther 2010; 15:377-90. [PMID: 20516557 DOI: 10.3851/imp1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has largely reduced the occurrence of AIDS-related diseases and death in HIV-infected patients. However, HAART produces serious side effects mainly attributed to mitochondrial toxicity. METHODS To elucidate the molecular basis of HAART-related dysfunctions, we analysed the mitochondrial proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis was performed on HIV patients who were either treatment-naive or under HAART therapy including zidovudine or stavudine as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). RESULTS As compared to healthy donors, HAART-treated HIV-infected patients exhibited decreased levels of mitochondrial enzymes associated with energy production as well as mitochondrial chaperones. Moreover, significant alterations in the mitochondria-cytoskeleton network were observed. Notably, most of these changes were already detectable in untreated HIV carriers and persisted or worsened after HAART, indicating that relevant mitochondrial alterations were initially caused by HIV infection. Finally, in vitro experiments aimed at validating the proteomic results showed that down-regulation of the mitochondrial chaperone prohibitin is a causative event in NRTI-induced mitochondrial damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a major role of HIV infection in the mitochondrial toxicity of HAART-treated patients and identify novel candidate markers for assessing the risk of HIV- and HAART-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ciccosanti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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14
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Alving CR, Beck Z, Karasavva N, Matyas GR, Rao M. HIV-1, lipid rafts, and antibodies to liposomes: implications for anti-viral-neutralizing antibodies (Review). Mol Membr Biol 2009; 23:453-65. [PMID: 17127618 DOI: 10.1080/09687860600935348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an enveloped virus with a lipid bilayer that contains several glycoproteins that are anchored in, or closely associated with, the membrane surface. The envelope proteins have complex interactions with the lipids both on the host cells and on the target cells. The processes of budding from host cells and entry into target cells occur at sites on the plasma membrane, known as lipid rafts, that represent specialized regions that are rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids. Although the envelope glycoproteins are antigenic molecules that potentially might be used for development of broadly neutralizing antibodies in a vaccine to HIV-1, the development of such antibodies that have broad specificities against primary field isolates of virus has been largely thwarted to date by the ability of the envelope proteins to evade the immune system through various mechanisms. In this review, the interactions of HIV-1 with membrane lipids are summarized. Liposomes are commonly used as models for understanding interactions of proteins with membrane lipids; and liposomes have also been used both as carriers for vaccines, and as antigens for induction of antibodies to liposomal lipids. The possibility is proposed that liposomal lipids, or liposome-protein combinations, could be useful as antigens for inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Alving
- Department of Vaccine Production and Delivery, Division of Retrovirology, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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15
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Monath TP, Frey SE. Possible autoimmune reactions following smallpox vaccination: The biologic false positive test for syphilis. Vaccine 2009; 27:1645-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Proteomic modeling for HIV-1 infected microglia-astrocyte crosstalk. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2507. [PMID: 18575609 PMCID: PMC2429966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-1-infected and immune competent brain mononuclear phagocytes (MP; macrophages and microglia) secrete cellular and viral toxins that affect neuronal damage during advanced disease. In contrast, astrocytes can affect disease by modulating the nervous system's microenvironment. Interestingly, little is known how astrocytes communicate with MP to influence disease. Methods and Findings MP-astrocyte crosstalk was investigated by a proteomic platform analysis using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped HIV infected murine microglia. The microglial-astrocyte dialogue was significant and affected microglial cytoskeleton by modulation of cell death and migratory pathways. These were mediated, in part, through F-actin polymerization and filament formation. Astrocyte secretions attenuated HIV-1 infected microglia neurotoxicity and viral growth linked to the regulation of reactive oxygen species. Conclusions These observations provide unique insights into glial crosstalk during disease by supporting astrocyte-mediated regulation of microglial function and its influence on the onset and progression of neuroAIDS. The results open new insights into previously undisclosed pathogenic mechanisms and open the potential for biomarker discovery and therapeutics that may influence the course of HIV-1-mediated neurodegeneration.
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17
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Victora GD, Bilate AMB, Socorro-Silva A, Caldas C, Lima RC, Kalil J, Coelho V, Victora CG. Mother-child immunological interactions in early life affect long-term humoral autoreactivity to heat shock protein 60 at age 18 years. J Autoimmun 2007; 29:38-43. [PMID: 17521883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2007.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of anti-heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) antibodies in healthy individuals and the association of these antibodies with diseases such as arthritis and atherosclerosis are well documented. However, there is limited population-level data on interindividual variation in anti-Hsp60 levels. We investigated the influence of early-life factors on IgG reactivity to human Hsp60 at age 18 years. A population-based prospective birth cohort study included 5914 births in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 1982. Early-life exposures were documented during home visits in childhood. In 2000, 79% of all males in the cohort were traced. Sera from a systematic 20% sample (411 subjects) were analyzed. Anti-Hsp60 total IgG reactivity was determined by ELISA. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and generalized linear models. Anti-Hsp60 reactivity was lognormally distributed and showed a significant direct correlation with low birthweight (p=0.039) and total duration of breastfeeding (p=0.018), of which only the latter remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. Reactivity was not associated with asthma, pneumonia, diarrhea, or early-life malnutrition. Mother-child immunological interactions, rather than infection/disease factors seem to be associated with reactivity to Hsp60 later in life. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that maternal antibodies influence future antibody profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D Victora
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
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18
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Reynolds JL, Mahajan SD, Bindukumar B, Sykes D, Schwartz SA, Nair MPN. Proteomic analysis of the effects of cocaine on the enhancement of HIV-1 replication in normal human astrocytes (NHA). Brain Res 2006; 1123:226-36. [PMID: 17034766 PMCID: PMC1751122 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The US is experiencing an epidemic of cocaine use entangled with HIV-1 infection. Normal human astrocytes (NHA) are susceptible to HIV-1 infection. We utilized LTR-R/U5 amplification, p24 antigen assay and the proteomic method of difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) combined with protein identification through HPLC-MS/MS to investigate the effect of cocaine on HIV-1 infectivity and the proteomic profile of NHA, respectively. Data demonstrate that cocaine significantly upregulates HIV-1 infection in NHA as measured by LTR-R/U5 amplification and p24 antigen assay. Further, our results show for the first time that cocaine differentially regulates the expression of a number of proteins by NHA that may play a role in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo General Hospital, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Espigares E, Bueno A, Hernández J, García F, Luna JD, Espigares M, Gálvez R. Levels of HSP70 in HIV+ patients in different viroimmunological states. J Med Virol 2006; 78:318-23. [PMID: 16419124 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish an association between the viroimmunological status of HIV positive patients and their levels of the 70-kD heat shock protein (Hsp70). The longitudinal retrospective case study involved 61 patients at the University Hospital in Granada (Spain) from 1999 to 2002. Twenty-five patients were viroimmunologically stable, while the other 36 patients had suffered virological failure. A minimum of three blood samples were taken at intervals of at least 3 months for the patients who were stable virologically and immunologically, whereas four samples were taken for the virological failure group: two previous to the onset of virological failure, a third corresponding to the time of virological failure, and a fourth at least 3 months after remission of virological failure. Blood samples were also obtained from 20 healthy control subjects; Hsp70 levels in all were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The mean concentration of Hsp70 was 145.4 ng/ml in the HIV-infected patients as opposed to 72.1 ng/ml in the controls. While the viroimmunologically stable group showed levels similar to those of the controls (66.5 ng/ml), the mean value of Hsp70 in the virological failure group was nearly four times as high (249.1 ng/ml), yet this difference was not statistically significant. The patients treated with reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found to have significantly higher levels of Hsp70 than the other subjects. The transformed variable Hsp70/CD4(+) presents less variability than the Hsp70 value itself, giving a higher degree of statistical significance, and may be considered a useful parameter for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic management of HIV positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Espigares
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Heung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., BSB 503, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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