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Shen Y, Aly RSS, Chen T, Jiang H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen X. Short time-series expression transcriptome data reveal the gene expression patterns and potential biomarkers of blood infection with LPS and poly (I:C) in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109806. [PMID: 39102971 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Blood transcriptomics has emerged as a vital tool for tracking the immune system and supporting disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and research. The present study was conducted to analyze the gene expression profile and potential biomarker candidates using the whole blood of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) infected with LPS or poly (I:C) at 0h, 3h, 6h, and 12h. Our data suggest that 310 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among each comparison group after LPS infection, and 137 shared DEGs were identified after poly (I:C) infection. A total of 62 shared DEGs were differentially expressed in all compared groups after LPS or poly (I:C) infection. Pathways analysis for DEGs in all different compared groups showed that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction was the most enrichment pathway. The expression levels of genes C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2-like (cxcr2), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9a (ccr9a), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9b (ccr9b), chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4b (cxcr4b), and interleukin 10 receptor alpha (il10ra) were significantly different in all compared groups and most enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. The protein-protein interactions analysis among all shared DEGs showed that cxcr4 was the hub gene with the highest degree. The biomarker candidates discovered in this study may, following validation, prove effective as diagnostic tools in monitoring mandarin fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Observation and Research Station on Water Ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir of Henan Province, Nanyang 474450, China
| | - Rahma Sakina Said Aly
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Huangshan Fisheries Station, Huangshan 245000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Al-Wakeel AH, Elbahnaswy S, Risha E, Zahran E. Dietary Pediastrum boryanum microalgal extract improves growth, enhances immunity, and regulates immune-related genes in Nile tilapia. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:321. [PMID: 39026262 PMCID: PMC11256681 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying alternative sustainable feed sources with high nutritional values is crucial for the future of environmentally and socially responsible aquaculture. In this regard, microalgae have been proven to have positive effects on fish health, which overwhelmed our interest in this study. METHODS Pediastrum boryanum (P. boryanum) was incorporated into Nile tilapia feed at concentrations of 0, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/kg, as control, PbExt0.75, and PbExt1.5 groups to assess its effects on growth and biochemical indices, oxidant/antioxidant activities, immune and stress-related gene expression, and intestinal morphology. RESULTS After 8 weeks, fish fed P. boryanum supplemented feed exhibited significant increases in final weight, length, condition factor, body weight gain, and specific growth rate, while the spleen-somatic index (SSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) showed no significant differences compared to the control group. Dietary P. boryanum supplementation also enhanced IgM levels and lysozyme activity, along with no marked effect on markers of liver function enzymes (alanine aminotransferase/ALT and aspartate aminotransferase/AST) or protein status (total protein and albumin). Furthermore, P. boryanum addition increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) enzymes, highlighting its antioxidant potential, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations showed no significant differences among the groups. Gene expression analysis revealed that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression notably increased in groups fed P. boryanum containing feed, while no significant difference was observed in hepatic Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA expression. Histopathological examination revealed no adverse effects of P. boryanum supplementation on the liver, spleen, or intestinal tissues. Villous height and villous surface area were notably increased in the high P. boryanum supplementation group, suggesting improved intestinal integrity and nutrient absorption. CONCLUSION Dietary P. boryanum supplementation can potentially improve growth performance, immune response, antioxidant status, and intestinal health of Nile tilapia, making it a promising candidate for sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Al-Wakeel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Samia Elbahnaswy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Engy Risha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Eman Zahran
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Zahran E, Elbahnaswy S, Mansour AIA, Risha E, Mustafa A, Alqahtani AS, Sebaei MGE, Ahmed F. Dietary algal-sourced zinc nanoparticles promote growth performance, intestinal integrity, and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:276. [PMID: 38926724 PMCID: PMC11201375 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements play a crucial role in fish nutrition, with zinc (Zn) being one of the most important elements. BIO-sourced zinc nanoparticles were synthesized using the green microalga Pediastrum boryanum (BIO-ZnNPs, 29.35 nm). 30 or 60 mg/ kg dry feed of the BIO-ZnNPs (BIO-ZnNPs30 and BIO-ZnNPs60) were mixed with the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) basal diet and fed to the fish for 8 weeks to evaluate their impact on fish growth, digestion, intestinal integrity, antioxidative status, and immunity. RESULTS A significant enhancement was observed in all investigated parameters, except for the serum protein profile. BIO-ZnNPs at 60 mg/kg feed elevated the activities of reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT), enzymatic antioxidants, but did not induce oxidative stress as reflected by no change in MDA level. Fish intestinal immunity was improved in a dose-dependent manner, in terms of improved morphometry and a higher count of acid mucin-producing goblet cells. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) was upregulated in BIO-ZnNPs30 compared to BIO-ZnNPs60 and control fish groups, while no significant expressions were noted in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), and Caspase3 genes. CONCLUSION Overall, BIO-ZnNPs inclusion at 60 mg/kg feed showed the most advantage in different scenarios, compared to BIO-ZnNPs at 30 mg/kg feed. The positive effects on growth and intestinal health suggest that BIO-ZnNPs supplementation of aquafeeds has many benefits for farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Zahran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Samia Elbahnaswy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I A Mansour
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, 11516, Egypt
| | - Engy Risha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mustafa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Fort Wayne, Indiana, 46805, USA
| | - Arwa Sultan Alqahtani
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud G El Sebaei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Ahmed
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
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Wang Q, Zhao Z, Sun R, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhang X, Ji W. Bioinformatics characteristics and expression analysis of IL-8 and IL-10 in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) upon Nocardia seriolae infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109465. [PMID: 38408547 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
IL-8 and IL-10 are crucial inflammatory cytokines that participate in defending host cells against infections. To demonstrate the function of the two interleukin genes in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), we initially cloned and identified the cDNA sequences of il-8 and il-10 in largemouth bass, referred to as Msil-8 and Msil-10, respectively. The open reading frame (ORF) of Msil-8 was 324 bp in length, encoding 107 amino acids, while the ORF of Msil-10 consisted of 726 bp and encoded 241 amino acids. Furthermore, the functional domains of the SCY domain in MsIL-8 and the IL-10 family signature motif in MsIL-10 were highly conserved across vertebrates. Additionally, both MsIL-8 and MsIL-10 showed close relationships with M. dolomieu. Constitutive expression of Msil-8 and Msil-10 was observed in various tissues, with the highest level found in the head kidney. Subsequently, largemouth bass were infected with Nocardia seriolae via intraperitoneal injection to gain a further understanding of the function of these two genes. Bacterial loads were initially detected in the foregut, followed by the midgut, hindgut, and liver. The mRNA expression of Msil-8 was significantly down-regulated after infection, especially at 2 days post-infection (DPI), with a similar expression to Msil-10. In contrast, the expression of Msil-8 and Msil-10 was significantly upregulated in the foregut at 14 DPI. Taken together, these results reveal that the function of IL-8 and IL-10 was likely hindered by N. seriolae, which promoted bacterial proliferation and intercellular diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhangchun Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruhan Sun
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zechao Shi
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bingchao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Zahran E, Elbahnaswy S, Ahmed F, Risha E, Mansour AT, Alqahtani AS, Awadin W, Sebaei MGE. Dietary microalgal-fabricated selenium nanoparticles improve Nile tilapia biochemical indices, immune-related gene expression, and intestinal immunity. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:107. [PMID: 38500172 PMCID: PMC10946125 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed supplements, including essential trace elements are believed to play an important role in augmenting fish immune response. In this context, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in fish diets via a green biosynthesis strategy have attracted considerable interest. In this investigation, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs, 79.26 nm) synthesized from the green microalga Pediastrum boryanum were incorporated into Nile tilapia diets to explore its beneficial effects on the immune defense and intestinal integrity, in comparison with control basal diets containing inorganic Se source. Nile tilapia (No. 180, 54-57 g) were fed on three formulated diets at concentrations of 0, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/kg of SeNPs for 8 weeks. After the trial completion, tissue bioaccumulation, biochemical indices, antioxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokine-related genes, and intestinal histological examination were analyzed. RESULTS Our finding revealed that dietary SeNPs significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cholesterol, while increasing (P < 0.05) high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The Se concentration in the muscle tissues showed a dose-dependent increase. SeNPs at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg significantly upregulated intestinal interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) gene transcription compared with the control diet. Glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) genes were significantly upregulated in both SeNPs-supplemented groups compared with the control. No apoptotic changes or cell damages were observed as indicated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 gene expression and evidenced histopathologically. SeNPs supplementation positively affects mucin-producing goblet cells (GCs), particularly at dose of 1.5 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Therefore, these results suggest that Green synthesized SeNPs supplementation has promising effects on enhancing Nile tilapia immunity and maintaining their intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Zahran
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Samia Elbahnaswy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Engy Risha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Arwa Sultan Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box, Riyadh, 9095011623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Awadin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud G El Sebaei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Li H, Li H, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Cui H, Wang H, Zhao X, Chen X, Cheng H, Xu J, Ding Z. Molecular characterization and expression patterns of CXCL8 gene from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) and its chemotactic effects on macrophages and neutrophils. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104658. [PMID: 36758661 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CXCL8 is a typical CXC-type chemokine, which mediates the migration of immune cells from blood vessels to the site of inflammation or injury to clear pathogenic microorganisms and repair damaged tissues. In this study, Megalobrama amblycephala CXCL8 (MaCXCL8) gene was identified and characterized. Sequence analysis showed that the deduced MaCXCL8 protein possessed the typical structure of CXCL8 from other species, with the characteristic CXC cysteine residues in the N-terminal and accompanied by a DLR motif (Asp-Leu-Arg motif). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MaCXCL8 was homologous to that of Ctenopharyngodon idella and other cyprinid fishes. MaCXCL8 gene was expressed in all detected healthy tissues, with the highest expression levels in the spleen, and its expression was significantly up-regulated upon the challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) both in juvenile M. amblycephala tissues and primary macrophages. The immunohistochemical assay showed that MaCXCL8 was mainly distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and its expression levels increased observably with the prolongation of bacterial infection. In addition, recombinant MaCXCL8 protein exhibited significant chemotactic effects on neutrophils and macrophages. In conclusion, MaCXCL8 is involved in the immune response of M. amblycephala, and these findings will be helpful to understand the biological roles of MaCXCL8 and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of fish bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Li
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hong Li
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Hunan, 410153, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yancui Zheng
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hujun Cui
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Haotong Wang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hanliang Cheng
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Zhujin Ding
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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Gorgoglione B, Liu JT, Li J, Vakharia VN. The efficacy of new oral vaccine feeds against Salmonid novirhabdovirus in rainbow trout. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100082. [PMID: 36660300 PMCID: PMC9842750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonid novirhabdovirus (IHNV) causes infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in salmonid species. Despite an injectable plasmid-based DNA vaccine of the glycoprotein (G) gene is effective, there are no oral vaccines for mass vaccination of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Recombinant baculoviruses were generated, used in cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) insect larvae to produce IHNV G and IHNV G-C5a proteins. Western blotting and chemiluminescence assays confirmed the expression of recombinant proteins, which were added to the fish feeding and top-coated with unflavored gelatin binder. Commercial rainbow trout were fed with experimental diets containing either IHNV G or IHNV G-C5a proteins for 2 weeks, and boosted 4 weeks after. Four weeks post-booster, fish were challenged with IHNV by immersion. Survival upon the infection challenge was evaluated. Spleen were sampled at 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi). Non-vaccinated and IHNV G fed trout reached a mortality of 91.7 and 97.6%, and 70.9 and 88.4%, respectively at 8 and 15 dpi. The IHNV G-C5a fed group exhibited a reduced mortality of 51.2% at 8 dpi, reaching 81.7% at 15 dpi, suggesting some level of antiviral protection. The individual viral load was measured by RT-qPCR detection of IHNV N gene, showing no significant difference across experimental groups. The transcription modulation of selected immune response markers was evaluated across experimental groups, including Type I IFN-a, Mx-1, CD4, and IgM. Further study is needed to assess how new oral vaccines may become effective to mitigate IHNV pathogenesis in juvenile trout by modulating the host immune response to protect towards IHNV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Gorgoglione
- Fish Pathobiology and Immunology Laboratory, Dept. Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (CVM)/ Dept. Fisheries and Wildlife (CANR), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,Corresponding authors.
| | - Juan-Ting Liu
- Fish Pathobiology and Immunology Laboratory, Dept. Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (CVM)/ Dept. Fisheries and Wildlife (CANR), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vikram N. Vakharia
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD, United States,Corresponding authors.
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8
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Advances in chemokines of teleost fish species. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Valdés N, Cortés M, Barraza F, Reyes-López FE, Imarai M. CXCL9-11 chemokines and CXCR3 receptor in teleost fish species. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100068. [PMID: 36569039 PMCID: PMC9782732 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated migration of immune cells from lymphoid organs to in or out of the bloodstream, and towards the site of infection or tissue damage is fundamental for an efficient innate and adaptive immune response. Interestingly, an essential part of this movement is mediated by chemoattractant cytokines called chemokines. Although the nature and function of chemokines and their receptors are well documented in mammals, much research is needed to accomplish a similar level of understanding of the role of chemokines in fish immunity. The first chemokine gene identified in teleosts (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) was CK1 in 1998. Since then, the identification of fish chemokine orthologue genes and characterization of their role has been more complex than expected, primarily because of the whole genome duplication processes occurring in fish, and because chemokines evolve faster than other immune genes. Some of the most studied chemokines are CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and the CXCR3 receptor, all involved in T cell migration and in the induction of the T helper 1 (Th1) immune response. Data from the zebrafish and rainbow trout CXCL9-11/CXCR3 axis suggest that these chemokines and the receptor arose early in evolution and must be present in most teleost fish. However, the pieces of knowledge also indicate that different numbers of gene copies can be present in different species, with distinct regulatory expression mechanisms and probably, also with different roles, as the differential expression in fish tissues suggest. Here, we revised the current knowledge of the CXCL9-11/CXCR3 axis in teleost fishes, identifying the gaps in knowledge, and raising some hypotheses for the role of CXCL9, CXCL10 CXCL11, and CXCR3 receptor axis in fish, which can encourage further studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Valdés
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile,Corresponding author.
| | - Marcos Cortés
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Felipe Barraza
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Felipe E. Reyes-López
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
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10
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Zhang H, Qi H, Weng S, He J, Dong C. Deleting ORF71L of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) resulted in virulence attenuation in Mandarin fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:335-347. [PMID: 35217194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of the genus Megalocytivirus, infects a variety of teleost fish species and causes substantial losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. ISKNV ORF71L is 1611 bp in length, encodes a 537-amino-acid peptide and was previously identified as a viral structural protein in the ISKNV virion. In this study, the ORF71L deletion mutant virus strain ISKNV-Δ71 was obtained through a homologous recombination approach. The multistep growth curves showed that ISKNV-Δ71 replication was faster than ISKNV-WT replication in mandarin fish fry cells (MFF-1 cells) before 48 h post-infection (hpi). The cumulative mortality of ISKNV-Δ71-infected mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) was lower than that of fish infected with ISKNV-WT. The copy numbers of viral genome equivalents (GEs) in ISKNV-Δ71-infected mandarin fish spleens were also lower than those in ISKNV-WT-infected spleens. Deletion of ORF71L resulted in ISKNV virulence attenuation in mandarin fish. Furthermore, we found that the number of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in ISKNV-Δ71-infected mandarin fish spleens was higher than that in ISKNV-WT-infected mandarin fish spleens. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway had the most significant change between ISKNV-Δ71- and ISKNV-WT-infected MFF-1 cells. These results indicated ORF71L is a virulence-related gene of ISKNV. ORF71L could be considered as a potential target for the development of engineered attenuated live vaccines via multigene deletion or as a potential insertion site for exogenous protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hemei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Chuanfu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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11
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Zhao M, Liu Y, Gao Y, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhang A. Insights into the functional role of grass carp IL-8 in head kidney leukocytes: pro-inflammatory effects and signalling mechanisms. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:192-202. [PMID: 34716580 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a critical chemokine regulating immune cells' chemotaxis as well as their physiological or pathological activations. In fish cells, recombinant IL-8 proteins induced transcriptions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms underlying the function of fish IL-8 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine are still unclear. In this paper, the authors first prepared recombinant grass carp IL-8 (rgcIL-8) using an Escherichia coli expression system, and later confirmed rgcIL-8 increased gene expression of il8, il1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfα) in grass carp head kidney leukocytes (HKLs). Using signalling pathway inhibitors, the authors showed that rgcIL-8 regulated transcriptions of pro-inflammatory cytokines via MAPK and/or NF-κB signalling pathways. They cloned gcIL-8-specific receptor CXCR1 and subsequently discovered that gcIL-8 could increase the activity of NF-κB and the transcription of IL-1β via CXCR1. Simultaneously, antibody neutralization assay showed that endogenous IL-8 is partially relevant to the self-regulation of IL-1β. Moreover, rgcIL-8 led to the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene, causing an accumulation of nitric oxide in the culture medium of HKLs, suggesting the potential of gcIL-8 to mediate inflammatory response. This study not only enriched the function of IL-8 in teleost but also revealed it as a potential target for the inflammatory control in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhen Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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12
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Sun Z, Qin Y, Liu D, Wang B, Jia Z, Wang J, Gao Q, Zou J, Pang Y. The evolution and functional characterization of CXC chemokines and receptors in lamprey. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103905. [PMID: 33164777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of soluble peptides guiding cell migration in development and immune defense. They interact with chemokine receptors and are essential for the coordination of cell migration in diverse physiological processes. The CXC subfamily is one of the largest groups in the chemokine family and consists of multiple members. In this study, we identified homologues of three chemokine ligands (CXCL8, CXCL_F5 and CXCL12) and two CXC receptor like molecules (CXCR_L1 and CXCR_L2) in lamprey. Sequence analysis revealed that they share the same genomic organization with their counterparts in jawed vertebrates but synteny was not conserved. Lamprey CXCL8 and CXCL12 have four conserved cysteine residues whilst the CXCL_F5 has two additional cysteine residues. In addition, CXCL_F5 is evolutionarily related to the fish specific CXC chemokine groups previously identified and contains multiple cationic aa residues in the extended C- terminal region. The two CXCRs possess seven transmembrane domains and conserved structural elements for receptor activation and signaling, including the DRYXXI(V)Y motif in TM2, the disulphide bond connecting ECL2 and TM3, the WXP motif in TM6 and NPXXY motif in TM7. The identified CXC chemokines and receptors were constitutively expressed in tissues including the liver, kidney, intestine, heart, gills, supraneural body and primary leukocytes, but exhibited distinct expression patterns. Relatively high expression was detected in the gills for CXCL8, CXCL_F5 and CXCR_L1 and in the supraneural body for CXCL12 and CXCR_L2. All the genes except CXCL12 were upregulated by stimulation with LPS, pokeweed and bacterial infection, and the CXCL8 and CXCL_F5 was induced by poly (I:C). Functional analysis showed that the CXCL8 and CXCL_F5 specifically interacted with CXCR_L1 and CXCR_L2, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the CXC chemokine system had diversified in jawless fish.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Chemokines, CXC/chemistry
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/immunology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Fish Diseases/genetics
- Fish Diseases/immunology
- Fish Diseases/microbiology
- Fish Proteins/classification
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Lampreys/genetics
- Lampreys/immunology
- Lampreys/microbiology
- Models, Molecular
- Phylogeny
- Poly I-C/pharmacology
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, CXCR/chemistry
- Receptors, CXCR/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR/immunology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- Staphylococcus aureus/physiology
- Vibrio/immunology
- Vibrio/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yue Pang
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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13
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Gao A, Li L, Yan F, Lei Y, Chen J, Wu L, Ye J. Nile tilapia CXCR4, the receptor of chemokine CXCL12, is involved in host defense against bacterial infection and chemotactic activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103836. [PMID: 32835835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a member of seven-transmembrane (7-TM) G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, is the receptor of the CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), and plays important roles in host defense and inflammation. In the current study, we cloned and identified a homolog of CXCR4 from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), designated as OnCXCR4. The open reading frame of OnCXCR4 is 1149 bp encoding a peptide of 382 amino acids, and the predicted molecular weight is 42.65 kDa OnCXCR4 shares common features of CXCR4 family, including a 7-TM domain and a characteristic CXC motif (containing CYC). Expression analysis showed that OnCXCR4 constitutively expresses in various tested tissues of Nile tilapia, with the highest level in the anterior kidney. When stimulated with Streptococcus agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Poly(I:C), or LPS in vivo and in vitro, the expression of OnCXCR4 was significantly regulated. AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, could not only inhibit the chemotactic activity of the recombinant OnCXCL12 protein on the leukocytes from anterior kidney, but also reduce the expression of OnCXCR4 significantly. Taken together, these results of our study above indicate that OnCXCR4 may play important roles in host defense against bacterial infectionin in Nile tilapia, and being a receptor of OnCXCL12 to exert functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Along Gao
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yang Lei
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Liting Wu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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Probiotics Modulate Tilapia Resistance and Immune Response against Tilapia Lake Virus Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110919. [PMID: 33172079 PMCID: PMC7694748 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) causes an emerging viral disease associated with high mortality and economic damage in tilapia farming around the world. The use of probiotics in aquaculture has been suggested as an alternative to antibiotics and drugs to reduce the negative impact of bacterial and viral infections. In this study, we investigate the effect of probiotic Bacillus spp. supplementation on mortality, viral load, and expression of immune-related genes in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) upon TiLV infection. Fish were divided into three groups, and fed with: control diet, 0.5% probiotics-supplemented diet, and 1% probiotics-supplemented diet. After 21 days of experimental feeding, the three groups were infected with TiLV and monitored for mortality and growth performances, while organs were sampled at different time points to measure viral load and the transcription modulation of immune response markers. No significant difference was found among the groups in terms of weight gain (WG), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), or feed conversion ratio (FCR). A lower cumulative mortality was retrieved from fish fed 0.5% and 1% probiotics (25% and 24%, respectively), compared to the control group (32%). Moreover, fish fed with 1% probiotic diet had a significantly lower viral load, than those fed with 0.5% probiotic and control diet at 5, 6, 9, and 12 days post infection-challenge (dpc). The expression patterns of immune-related genes, including il-8 (also known as CXCL8), ifn-γ, irf-3, mx, rsad-2 (also known as VIPERIN) showed significant upregulation upon probiotic treatment during the peak of TiLV pathogenesis (between 9 and 12 dpc) and during most of the study period in fish fed with 1% probiotics-supplemented diet. Taken together, these findings indicate that dietary supplementation using Bacillus spp. probiotics may have beneficial effects to strengthen tilapia immunity and resistance against TiLV infections. Therefore, probiotic treatments may be preventively administered to reduce losses caused by this emerging viral infection in tilapia aquaculture.
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15
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Gao A, Yan F, Zhou E, Wu L, Li L, Chen J, Lei Y, Ye J. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of chemokine (CXCL12) from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:314-323. [PMID: 32540504 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a class of small molecular weight cytokines of 6-14 kDa, exerting important roles in the regulation of various inflammatory diseases and immune cell migration. In this study, we have identified the CXCL12 gene from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), including CXCL12a (OnCXCL12a) and CXCL12b (OnCXCL12b). The open reading frames of OnCXCL12a and OnCXCL12b are 309 and 297 bp, encoding 102 and 98 amino acids, respectively. Multiple alignment showed that OnCXCL12a and OnCXCL12b have characteristics of CXC chemokines and share high identity with CXCL12 amino acid sequences from the known species. Tissue distribution in the healthy fish indicated that OnCXCL12a and OnCXCL12b expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest expression in muscle and anterior kidney, respectively. After challenged by Streptococcus agalactiae, Poly(I:C) and LPS in vivo and in vitro, OnCXCL12 is transcriptionally up-regulated in immune tissues and cells significantly. The recombinant OnCXCL12 proteins, (r)OnCXCL12a and (r)OnCXCL12b, enhance the release of nitric oxide and increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) in anterior kidney leukocytes, as well as exhibit chemotactic activity for leukocytes from anterior kidney. Summarizing, these results indicate that OnCXCL12 is involved in the immune response of Nile tilapia against pathogen infection and may play an important role in mediating inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Along Gao
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Enxu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Liting Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Lan Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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16
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Gorgoglione B, Ringiesn JL, Pham LH, Shepherd BS, Leaman DW. Comparative effects of Novirhabdovirus genes on modulating constitutive transcription and innate antiviral responses, in different teleost host cell types. Virol J 2020; 17:110. [PMID: 32690033 PMCID: PMC7369537 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are highly contagious, pathogenic Novirhabdoviruses affecting fish and are thusly notifiable diseases with the World Organization for Animal Health. This study assessed the relative capacities of IHNV and VHSV genes to modulate host general transcription and explores the abilities of specific IHNV genes to interfere with the interferon pathway in heterogenous teleost cell-lines. METHODS Optimized protocols allowed for efficient transient transfections in EPC, BF-2, RTG-2 and RTgill-W1 cell lines of plasmids encoding IHNV (M genogroup) and VHSV (-IVb genotype) genes, including N, P, M, G and NV. Their impact on general cellular transcription was measured 48 hours post transfection (hpt) with luciferase constructs driven by a modified β-Actin promoter (pCAG). Their modulation of the innate antiviral immune response was characterized 72 hpt, using luciferase constructs measuring rainbow trout Type I IFN or MX-1 promoter augmentation, upon MAVS co-transfection. RESULTS M was generally confirmed as the strongest constitutive transcriptional suppressor while IHNV P, but not VHSV P, augmented constitutive transcription in fibroblastic cell types. Cell-specific effects were observed for viral G gene, with VHSV G exhibiting suppression of basal transcription in EPC and BF-2 but not in trout cells; while IHNV G was stimulatory in RTG-2, but inhibitory in RTgill-W1. NV consistently stimulated constitutive transcription, with higher augmentation patterns seen in fibroblastic compared to epithelial cells, and for IHNV NV compared to VHSV NV. The innate antiviral immune response, focusing on the IFN pathway, was silenced by IHNV M in all cell lines tested. IHNV N showed a dose-dependent suppression of type I IFN, but with minor effects on MX-1. IHNV P and G played minor IFN-inhibitory roles, consistent and dose-dependent only for G in rainbow trout cells. IHNV NV mediated a consistent stimulatory effect on either Type I IFN or MX-1, but much less pronounced in RTgill-W1. CONCLUSIONS This study extends our understanding of Novirhabdoviruses-host interaction, showing differential innate immune responses in heterogenous cell types. Viral regulators of innate immune signaling are identified, either as dose-dependent suppressors (such as M and N) or stimulators (mainly NV), indicating novel targets for the design of more efficient vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Gorgoglione
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, CVM & Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, CANR - Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 235 Diggs Laboratory / 134 Oelman Hall, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
| | - Jeffery L Ringiesn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 235 Diggs Laboratory / 134 Oelman Hall, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Loc H Pham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Brian S Shepherd
- USDA/ARS/School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Douglas W Leaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 235 Diggs Laboratory / 134 Oelman Hall, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
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17
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Pijanowski L, Kemenade BMLVV, Chadzinska M. Chemokine CXCb1 stimulates formation of NETs in trunk kidney neutrophils of common carp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103521. [PMID: 31628956 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Both in mammals and in fish, CXC chemokines activate leukocytes and regulate their migration both under normal physiological and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, in mammalian neutrophils CXC chemokines also stimulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Here, we investigated the effects of recombinant carp CXCL8s and CXCb1 on NET formation in neutrophils from the head (HK) and trunk (TK) kidney of carp. We found that neither recombinant CXCL8s nor CXCb1 stimulated DNA release in HK-derived neutrophils, while in TK-derived cells rcCXCb1 stimulated the release of NETs, composed of extracellular DNA co-localized with citrulline H3 histone and neutrophil elastase. Furthermore, CXCb1-induced NET release required NADPH oxidase activity, while it did not change upon treatment with CXCR inhibitors. In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time in fish, that CXCb1 chemokine induces formation of NETs in TK-derived neutrophils and this process is ROS-dependent. The difference between HK and TK-derived neutrophils is probably related to differences in the maturation state of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Pijanowski
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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18
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Yuan H, Li Y, Tian G, Zhang W, Guo H, Xu Q, Wang T. Identification and characterization of three CXC chemokines in Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) uncovers a third CXCL11_like group in fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 101:103454. [PMID: 31326565 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines direct cell migration in development and immune defense, and bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses. The chemokine gene family has been rapidly evolving and has undergone species/lineage-specific expansion. Mammals possess inflammatory CXC chemokines CXCL1-8/15 and CXCL9-11 sub-groups, and homeostatic CXCL12-14, 16-17. Orthologues of mammalian CXCL12-14, three chemokines related to CXCL1-8/15 (CXCL8_L1-3), two chemokines related to CXC9-11 (CXCL11_L1-2), and five fish-specific chemokines (CXCL_F1-5) have been described in teleosts. In this study, we reported three novel CXC chemokines in Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus, a commercially important freshwater fish species in China. Two of them belong to the fish-specific CXCL_F2 group, named CXCL_F2a/b, that share 89.5% amino acid identity. The other (CXCL11_L3) belongs to a third CXCL11_L related to the mammalian CXCL9-11 subfamily found only in percomorph fish species, and is the only CXCL9-11 related molecules in this lineage. Mammalian CXCL9-11 attract Th1 cells, and block the migration of Th2 cells in an immune response. This study suggests that all major lineages of teleosts have a CXCL9-11 related chemokine that will aid future functional investigation of CXCL11_L in fish. Cxcl_f2a is highly expressed constitutively in the skin of swamp eels that may attract immune cells to protect the skin in the absence of scales. Cxcl11_l3 and cxcl_f2b are highly expressed in immune tissues/organs and are up-regulated by the viral mimic poly I:C, but not bacterial infection in vivo, suggesting their role in anti-viral defense. The two cxcl_f2 paralogues are differentially expressed and modulated, indicating sub- and/or neo-functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Yuan
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Youshen Li
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Huizhi Guo
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Qiaoqing Xu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China.
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
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Wang X, Ma G, Zhang R, Liu L, Zhu J, Zhu H. Molecular characterization and biological functioning of interleukin-8 in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:91-101. [PMID: 30978450 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-8, otherwise known as CXCL8, is a CXC chemokine that plays a pivotal regulatory role in immune and inflammation responses of animals. Here, we identified an interleukin-8 homologue from Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), named AbIL-8, which belongs to the lineage 1 group of teleost fish IL-8s. The cDNA of Abil-8 is 1130 bp in length, containing a 5'- untranslated region (UTR) of 50 bp, a 3'- UTR of 783 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 297 bp that encodes a protein consisting of 98 amino acids. The deduced AbIL-8 contained five cysteines, four of which are highly conserved, and an ELR motif typical of known mammalian CXC chemokines was also found preceding the CXC motif. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that AbIL-8 clustered with the CXCL8_L1 sequences from other teleosts, being clearly distinct from those of either birds or mammals. Abil-8 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues and significantly up-regulated in the liver and spleen tissues by the bacteria Aernomas hydrophila. The in vitro experiment using primary spleen cells stimulated with heat-killed Aernomas hydrophila or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed a similar expression pattern to that found in vivo, whereas stimulation on spleen cells with β-glucan or polyI:C elicited negligible changes in levels of Abil-8 mRNA. Purified recombinant AbIL-8 not only exhibited chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and, to a lesser extent, spleen cells, but also stimulated the proliferation of spleen cells at 10 ng/mLor above. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of rAbIL-8 also up-regulated the expression of immuno-related genes (IL-6, IgM and MHCIIβ) at 24 h. Collectively, these results enhance our understanding of how IL-8 functions in the regulation of the immune responses in sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Guoqing Ma
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Jianya Zhu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China.
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20
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Gorgoglione B, Taylor NGH, Holland JW, Feist SW, Secombes CJ. Immune response modulation upon sequential heterogeneous co-infection with Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and VHSV in brown trout (Salmo trutta). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:375-390. [PMID: 30797951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous and sequential infections often occur in wild and farming environments. Despite growing awareness, co-infection studies are still very limited, mainly to a few well-established human models. European salmonids are susceptible to both Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD), an endemic emergent disease caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, and Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS), an OIE notifiable listed disease caused by the Piscine Novirhabdovirus. No information is available as to how their immune system reacts when interacting with heterogeneous infections. A chronic (PKD) + acute (VHS) sequential co-infection model was established to assess if the responses elicited in co-infected fish are modulated, when compared to fish with single infections. Macro- and microscopic lesions were assessed after the challenge, and infection status confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis, enabling the identification of singly-infected and co-infected fish. A typical histophlogosis associated with histozoic extrasporogonic T. bryosalmonae was detected together with acute inflammation, haemorrhaging and necrosis due to the viral infection. The host immune response was measured in terms of key marker genes expression in kidney tissues. During T. bryosalmonae/VHSV-Ia co-infection, modulation of pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial peptide genes was strongly influenced by the viral infection, with a protracted inflammatory status, perhaps representing a negative side effect in these fish. Earlier activation of the cellular and humoral responses was detected in co-infected fish, with a more pronounced upregulation of Th1 and antiviral marker genes. These results reveal that some brown trout immune responses are enhanced or prolonged during PKD/VHS co-infection, relative to single infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Gorgoglione
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, England, UK.
| | - Nick G H Taylor
- CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, England, UK
| | - Jason W Holland
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Stephen W Feist
- CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, England, UK
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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21
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Bailey C, Strepparava N, Wahli T, Segner H. Exploring the immune response, tolerance and resistance in proliferative kidney disease of salmonids. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:165-175. [PMID: 30248359 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) of salmonids is a disease of economic and environmental concern caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. Finer details of the immune repertoire during T. bryosalmonae infection have been elucidated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In contrast, there remain many unanswered questions regarding the immune response of the wild fish host in Europe, the brown trout (Salmo trutta) to this parasite. The first aim of this study is to examine the brown trout immune response to T. bryosalmonae and compare it with the published information on rainbow trout as two species that have undergone a different coevolution with the parasite. According to ecoimmunology terminology, infected organisms may manage infection by reducing the damage caused by parasites (tolerance) or by limiting parasite burden (resistance). The second aim of this study is to investigate tolerance/resistance patterns of these species during PKD infection. Our results suggest subtle differences in sequential aspects of the immune response and of immune genes that correlate with parasite intensity for the brown trout, in contrast to rainbow trout, in terms of the B cell response and Th-like interplay that may be linked to PKD pathogenesis. These differences in the immune response also correlate with species-specific differences in tolerance/resistance patterns, in that brown trout had increased tolerance but rainbow trout had greater resistance to infection. The variance in tolerance/resistance investment resulted in a different evolutionary outcome for each host-parasite interaction. A greater exploration of these concepts and an association of immune mechanisms could open an additional gateway for interpreting fish host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christyn Bailey
- University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole Strepparava
- University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wahli
- University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Segner
- University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Mu Y, Zhou S, Ding N, Ao J, Chen X. Molecular characterization of a new fish specific chemokine CXCL_F6 in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and its role in inflammatory response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:787-794. [PMID: 30393176 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally related chemotactic cytokines exerting significant roles in regulating cell migration and activation. Currently, five subgroups of fish specific CXC chemokines, named CXCL_F1-CXCL_F5, have been identified in teleost fish. However, understanding of the functions of these fish specific CXC chemokines is still limited. Here, a new member of fish specific CXC chemokines, LcCXCL_F6, was cloned from large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. Its open reading frame (ORF) is 369 nucleotides long, encoding a peptide of 122 amino acids (aa). The deduced LcCXCL_F6 protein contains a 19-aa signal peptide and a 103-aa mature polypeptide, which has four conserved cysteine residues (C28, C30, C56, and C72), as found in other known CXC chemokines. Phylogenetic analysis showed LcCXCL_F6 formed a separate clade with sequences from other fish species, tentatively named CXCL_F6, distinct from the clades formed by fish CXCL_F1-5 and mammalian CXC chemokines. The LcCXCL_F6 transcripts were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues and significantly up-regulated in the spleen and head kidney tissues by poly (I:C) and Vibrio alginolyticus. Its transcripts were also detected in primary head kidney leukocytes (HKLs), peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs), and large yellow croaker head kidney (LYCK) cell line, and significantly up-regulated by poly(I:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and peptidoglycan (PGN) in HKLs. Recombinant LcCXCL_F6 protein (rLcCXCL_F6) could not only chemotactically attract monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes from PBLs, but also enhance NO release and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and CXCL8) in monocytes/macrophages. These results indicate that LcCXCL_F6 plays a role in mediating the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinnan Mu
- Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shimin Zhou
- Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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23
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Karami AM, Bani A, Pourkazemi M, Ghasemi M, Kania PW, Buchmann K. Comparative susceptibilities and immune reactions of wild and cultured populations of Caspian trout Salmo trutta caspius to VHSV. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 128:187-201. [PMID: 29862977 DOI: 10.3354/dao03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Caspian trout Salmo trutta caspius is an endangered subspecies of brown trout Salmo trutta which is native to the Caspian Sea. Restocking programmes have been established, but recent introduction of the rhabdovirus viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) into Iranian rainbow trout farms connected to waterbodies supporting wild Caspian trout may represent an additional threat to the declining stock. The susceptibility of wild and cultured populations of this endemic subspecies was demonstrated by performing controlled VHSV infection experiments (both by bath and injection challenges). Subsequently, VHSV infection in exposed fish was confirmed (CPE and quantitative PCR), virus levels were measured, and regulation of immune genes in exposed fish was investigated with a focus on the genes encoding IL-8, IFNγ, TGFβ, TNFα, SAA, C3-4, CD8α, IgM, MHC I, MHC II, iNOS and IGF-1. The presence of IgM-, CD8α- and MHC II-positive cells in host organs was visualized by immunohistochemistry. Both wild and cultured trout strains proved to be VHSV-susceptible following experimental challenge, but the mortality curves and associated regulation of immune-related genes differed between the 2 trout types. Implications of the results for future management of Caspian trout populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Mohammad Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199613776, Iran
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24
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Zhou S, Mu Y, Ao J, Chen X. Molecular characterization and functional activity of CXCL8_L3 in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:124-131. [PMID: 29367006 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CXCL8, also called interleukin-8, is a typical CXC chemokine that plays a key role in promoting inflammation. Phylogenetically, fish CXCL8 chemokines can be divided into three subgroups, CXCL8_L1, CXCL8_L2, and CXCL8_L3, of which CXCL8_L3 is a new subgroup. The CXCL8_L3 gene sequences have been reported in many fish species, but their function remains unknown. Here, a CXCL8_L3 (LycCXCL8_L3) gene was cloned from large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. Its open reading frame (ORF) was 309 nucleotides long, encoding a peptide of 102 amino acids. The deduced LycCXCL8_L3 protein contains an 18-aa signal peptide and an 84-aa mature polypeptide, which has four conserved cysteine residues (C30, C32, C57, and C73) as found in other known CXCL8 chemokines. Phylogenetic analysis showed LycCXCL8_L3 formed a major clade with CXCL8_L3 sequences from other fish species. The LycCXCL8_L3 transcript was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues and significantly up-regulated in the spleen and head kidney tissues by inactivated trivalent bacterial vaccine. The LycCXCL8_L3 transcript was also detected in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), primary head kidney macrophages (PKM), and large yellow croaker head kidney cell line (LYCK), with the highest levels in PKM. Recombinant LycCXCL8_L3 (rLycCXCL8_L3) protein could not only chemotactically attract lymphocytes and eosinophils in PBLs, but also enhance the respiratory burst activity of PKM. These results indicate that LycCXCL8_L3 may play an important role in the inflammatory response of large yellow croaker. To our knowledge, this is the first report on functional study of the CXCL8_L3 in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yinnan Mu
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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25
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Oh M, Bathige SDNK, Kim Y, Lee S, Yang H, Kim MJ, Lee J. A CXCL ortholog from Hippocampus abdominalis: Molecular features and functional delineation as a pro-inflammatory chemokine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:218-227. [PMID: 28546023 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that regulate leukocyte migration. They are classified into four groups namely, CXC, CC, C and CX3C, based on the formation of a disulfide bridge. Among these, CXC chemokines have been identified as the largest group of chemokines in humans. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized a homolog of CXC chemokine from the big-belly seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis, and designated it as ShCXCL. The cDNA of ShCXCL composed of a 342-bp open reading frame encoding 113 amino acids (aa). The CXC family-specific small cytokine domain (SCY) was identified from the mature peptide region, which comprised of a conserved CXC motif. As ShCXCL lacks an ELR (Glutamic acid-Leucine-Arginine) motif, it belongs to ELR- subfamily. The recombinant ShCXCL protein strongly induced the nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage cells (RAW 264.7 cell line) and showed the chemotactic effect on flounder peripheral blood leukocytes. Tissue profiling showed a ubiquitous expression pattern in all examined tissues, with a high abundance in spleen. The up-regulated mRNA expression pattern of ShCXCL was observed in blood and kidney tissues after immune stimulation by live bacteria, such as Streptococcus iniae and Edwardsiella tarda, and mitogens, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), suggesting its important role in host immune defense against microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Oh
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yucheol Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou S, Mu Y, Liu Y, Ao J, Chen X. Identification of a fish specific chemokine CXCL_F2 in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) reveals its primitive chemotactic function. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:115-122. [PMID: 27729274 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of cytokines regulating immune cell migration under both inflammatory and normal physiological conditions. Currently, a number of fish specific CXC chemokines, named as CXCL_F1-5, have been identified in several species. However, understanding of their functional characteristics is still limited. In this study, we identified a fish specific chemokine CXCL_F2 (LycCXCL_F2) from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The open reading frame (ORF) of LycCXCL_F2 is 348 nucleotides long, encoding a protein of 115 amino acids (aa). The deduced LycCXCL_F2 protein contains a 20-aa signal peptide and a 95-aa mature polypeptide. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LycCXCL_F2 fell into a major clade formed by CXCL_F2 sequences and was separated from CXCL_F1 and CXCL_F3-5 subgroups. LycCXCL_F2 mRNA transcript was constitutively expressed in various tissues, with the highest levels in spleen and head kidney. After stimulation with inactivated trivalent bacterial vaccines, LycCXCL_F2 mRNA transcription was significantly increased in both spleen and head kidney. Moreover, recombinant LycCXCL_F2 protein exhibited obvious chemotaxis to monocytes, lymphocytes and eosnophils of PBLs isolated from large yellow croaker, but could not induce the respiratory burst of macrophages. These results indicate that this fish specific CXC chemokine LycCXCL_F2 possesses primitive chemotactic activity and may play a role in immune response in large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploration and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yinnan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploration and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yingdi Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploration and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploration and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploration and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, China.
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27
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Yang ZJ, Li CH, Chen J, Zhang H, Li MY, Chen J. Molecular characterization of an interleukin-4/13B homolog in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its role in fish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:136-147. [PMID: 27546554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) molecules are anti-inflammatory cytokines mediating the alternative activation of macrophages. However, the role of fish IL-4/13 homologs in monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ) polarization remains unclear. In this study, we have functionally identified an IL-4/13B homolog in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), which is termed as CiIL-4/13B. Multiple alignment showed that CiIL-4/13B shared the typical characteristics and structure with other known fish IL-4/13. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CiIL-4/13B is evolutionarily closely related to zebrafish (Danio rerio) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) IL-4/13B. CiIL-4/13B mRNA was constitutively expressed in tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) examined, with its highest expression seen in PBLs. Following Aeromonas hydrophila infection, CiIL-4/13B mRNA expression was upregulated. Recombinant CiIL-4/13B (rCiIL-4/13B) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified for a functional study. Using prepared anti-rCiIL-4/13B antiserum, Western blot analysis showed that native CiIL-4/13B in grass carp plasma is N-glycosylated. Intraperitoneal injection of bioactive rCiIL-4/13B significantly increased the survival rate of grass carp against A. hydrophila, and decreased the tissue bacterial load, with a higher dose having better effects. Bioactive rCiIL-4/13B treatment decreased nitrite production and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), while it increased arginase activity and mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10). The phagocytosis by grass carp MO/MФ had no significant changes by the 8 h treatment of bioactive rCiIL-4/13B compared to that of the negative control, while it was significantly inhibited by the 24 h treatment of bioactive rCiIL-4/13B. The inhibitory effect of rCiIL-4/13B on MO/MФ phagocytosis may be a consequence of MO/MФ proliferation. In summary, our results suggest that CiIL-4/13B plays a protective effect in grass carp against A. hydrophila by inducing alternatively activated MO/MФ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ming-Yun Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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