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Tsitkov S, Valentine K, Kozareva V, Donde A, Frank A, Lei S, E Van Eyk J, Finkbeiner S, Rothstein JD, Thompson LM, Sareen D, Svendsen CN, Fraenkel E. Disease related changes in ATAC-seq of iPSC-derived motor neuron lines from ALS patients and controls. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3606. [PMID: 38697975 PMCID: PMC11066062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), like many other neurodegenerative diseases, is highly heritable, but with only a small fraction of cases explained by monogenic disease alleles. To better understand sporadic ALS, we report epigenomic profiles, as measured by ATAC-seq, of motor neuron cultures derived from a diverse group of 380 ALS patients and 80 healthy controls. We find that chromatin accessibility is heavily influenced by sex, the iPSC cell type of origin, ancestry, and the inherent variance arising from sequencing. Once these covariates are corrected for, we are able to identify ALS-specific signals in the data. Additionally, we find that the ATAC-seq data is able to predict ALS disease progression rates with similar accuracy to methods based on biomarkers and clinical status. These results suggest that iPSC-derived motor neurons recapitulate important disease-relevant epigenomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Tsitkov
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey Valentine
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Velina Kozareva
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aneesh Donde
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Frank
- Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Lei
- Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dhruv Sareen
- Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Pereira QC, Fortunato IM, Oliveira FDS, Alvarez MC, dos Santos TW, Ribeiro ML. Polyphenolic Compounds: Orchestrating Intestinal Microbiota Harmony during Aging. Nutrients 2024; 16:1066. [PMID: 38613099 PMCID: PMC11013902 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the aging process, physiological decline occurs, posing a substantial threat to the physical and mental well-being of the elderly and contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. While traditional perspectives considered the maintenance of life as influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle elements such as exercise and diet, the pivotal role of symbiotic microorganisms had been understated. Presently, it is acknowledged that the intestinal microbiota plays a profound role in overall health by signaling to both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as other distant organs. Disruption in this bidirectional communication between bacteria and the host results in dysbiosis, fostering the development of various diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review aims to delve into the intricate biological mechanisms underpinning dysbiosis associated with aging and the clinical ramifications of such dysregulation. Furthermore, we aspire to explore bioactive compounds endowed with functional properties capable of modulating and restoring balance in this aging-related dysbiotic process through epigenetics alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quélita Cristina Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
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3
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Pitrez PR, Monteiro LM, Borgogno O, Nissan X, Mertens J, Ferreira L. Cellular reprogramming as a tool to model human aging in a dish. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1816. [PMID: 38418829 PMCID: PMC10902382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The design of human model systems is highly relevant to unveil the underlying mechanisms of aging and to provide insights on potential interventions to extend human health and life span. In this perspective, we explore the potential of 2D or 3D culture models comprising human induced pluripotent stem cells and transdifferentiated cells obtained from aged or age-related disorder-affected donors to enhance our understanding of human aging and to catalyze the discovery of anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Pitrez
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis M Monteiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Oliver Borgogno
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier Nissan
- CECS, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic diseases, Evry cedex, France
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Kim KH, Kim EJ, Kim HY, Li S, Jung HS. Fabrication of functional ameloblasts from hiPSCs for dental application. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1164811. [PMID: 37457296 PMCID: PMC10339106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1164811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth formation relies on two types of dental cell populations, namely, the dental epithelium and dental mesenchyme, and the interactions between these cell populations are important during tooth development. Although human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can differentiate into dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells, organoid research on tooth development has not been established yet. This study focused on the hiPSC-derived human ameloblast organoid (hAO) using a three-dimensional (3D) culture system. hAOs had similar properties to ameloblasts, forming enamel in response to calcium and mineralization by interaction with the dental mesenchyme. hAOs simultaneously had osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation potential. Furthermore, hAOs demonstrated tooth regenerative potential upon interaction with the mouse dental mesenchyme. Our findings provide new insights into a suitable hiPSC-derived dental source and demonstrate that hAOs can be beneficial not only for tooth regeneration but also for the study of various dental diseases for which treatment has not been developed yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Hwa Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Shujin Li
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Rosen RS, Yarmush ML. Current Trends in Anti-Aging Strategies. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:363-385. [PMID: 37289554 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-120122-123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging manifests from a highly interconnected network of biological cascades resulting in the degradation and breakdown of every living organism over time. This natural development increases risk for numerous diseases and can be debilitating. Academic and industrial investigators have long sought to impede, or potentially reverse, aging in the hopes of alleviating clinical burden, restoring functionality, and promoting longevity. Despite widespread investigation, identifying impactful therapeutics has been hindered by narrow experimental validation and the lack of rigorous study design. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging and how this understanding both informs and limits interpreting data from experimental models based on these mechanisms. We also discuss select therapeutic strategies that have yielded promising data in these model systems with potential clinical translation. Lastly, we propose a unifying approach needed to rigorously vet current and future therapeutics and guide evaluation toward efficacious therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rosen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA;
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA;
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6
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Ji S, Xiong M, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhou L, Hong Y, Wang M, Wang C, Fu X, Sun X. Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:116. [PMID: 36918530 PMCID: PMC10015098 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a systemic decline from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration, with more predisposition to deteriorated disorders. Rejuvenation refers to giving aged cells or organisms more youthful characteristics through various techniques, such as cellular reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. The great leaps in cellular rejuvenation prove that ageing is not a one-way street, and many rejuvenative interventions have emerged to delay and even reverse the ageing process. Defining the mechanism by which roadblocks and signaling inputs influence complex ageing programs is essential for understanding and developing rejuvenative strategies. Here, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that counteract cell rejuvenation, and the targeted cells and core mechanisms involved in this process. Then, we critically summarize the latest advances in state-of-art strategies of cellular rejuvenation. Various rejuvenation methods also provide insights for treating specific ageing-related diseases, including cellular reprogramming, the removal of senescence cells (SCs) and suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic manipulation, stem cells-associated therapy, dietary restriction, immune rejuvenation and heterochronic transplantation, etc. The potential applications of rejuvenation therapy also extend to cancer treatment. Finally, we analyze in detail the therapeutic opportunities and challenges of rejuvenation technology. Deciphering rejuvenation interventions will provide further insights into anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Laixian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Hong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
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Leonov A, Feldman R, Piano A, Arlia-Ciommo A, Junio JAB, Orfanos E, Tafakori T, Lutchman V, Mohammad K, Elsaser S, Orfali S, Rajen H, Titorenko VI. Diverse geroprotectors differently affect a mechanism linking cellular aging to cellular quiescence in budding yeast. Oncotarget 2022; 13:918-943. [PMID: 35937500 PMCID: PMC9348708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rachel Feldman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Orfanos
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tala Tafakori
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vicky Lutchman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sarah Elsaser
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sandra Orfali
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Harshvardhan Rajen
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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8
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Ding B, Tang Y, Ma S, Akter M, Liu ML, Zang T, Zhang CL. Disease Modeling with Human Neurons Reveals LMNB1 Dysregulation Underlying DYT1 Dystonia. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2024-2038. [PMID: 33468570 PMCID: PMC7939088 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2507-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DYT1 dystonia is a hereditary neurologic movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable muscle contractions. It is caused by a heterozygous mutation in Torsin A (TOR1A), a gene encoding a membrane-embedded ATPase. While animal models provide insights into disease mechanisms, significant species-dependent differences exist since animals with the identical heterozygous mutation fail to show pathology. Here, we model DYT1 by using human patient-specific cholinergic motor neurons (MNs) that are generated through either direct conversion of patients' skin fibroblasts or differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These human MNs with the heterozygous TOR1A mutation show reduced neurite length and branches, markedly thickened nuclear lamina, disrupted nuclear morphology, and impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) of mRNAs and proteins, whereas they lack the perinuclear "blebs" that are often observed in animal models. Furthermore, we uncover that the nuclear lamina protein LMNB1 is upregulated in DYT1 cells and exhibits abnormal subcellular distribution in a cholinergic MNs-specific manner. Such dysregulation of LMNB1 can be recapitulated by either ectopic expression of the mutant TOR1A gene or shRNA-mediated downregulation of endogenous TOR1A in healthy control MNs. Interestingly, downregulation of LMNB1 can largely ameliorate all the cellular defects in DYT1 MNs. These results reveal the value of disease modeling with human patient-specific neurons and indicate that dysregulation of LMNB1, a crucial component of the nuclear lamina, may constitute a major molecular mechanism underlying DYT1 pathology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inaccessibility to patient neurons greatly impedes our understanding of the pathologic mechanisms for dystonia. In this study, we employ reprogrammed human patient-specific motor neurons (MNs) to model DYT1, the most severe hereditary form of dystonia. Our results reveal disease-dependent deficits in nuclear morphology and nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT). Most importantly, we further identify LMNB1 dysregulation as a major contributor to these deficits, uncovering a new pathologic mechanism for DYT1 dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Ding
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70503
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Shuaipeng Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Masuma Akter
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70503
| | - Meng-Lu Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Tong Zang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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9
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Lee JH, Kim EW, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Heterochromatin: an epigenetic point of view in aging. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1466-1474. [PMID: 32887933 PMCID: PMC8080806 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process of life. Defined by progressive physiological and functional loss of tissues and organs, aging increases the risk of mortality for the organism. The aging process is affected by various factors, including genetic and epigenetic ones. Here, we review the chromatin-specific epigenetic changes that occur during normal (chronological) aging and in premature aging diseases. Taking advantage of the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, we will also discuss possible lifespan expansion strategies through epigenetic modulation, which was considered irreversible until recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Edward W Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. .,Danish Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Ding B, Akter M, Zhang CL. Differential Influence of Sample Sex and Neuronal Maturation on mRNA and Protein Transport in Induced Human Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:46. [PMID: 32317929 PMCID: PMC7146707 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) across thenuclear envelope (NE) is tightly regulated in eukaryotic cells and iscritical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Its dysregulationleads to aging and neurodegeneration. Because they maintainaging-associated hallmarks, directly reprogrammed neurons from human fibroblasts are invaluable in understanding NCT. However, it is not clear whether NCT activity is influenced by neuronal maturation and sample sex [a key biological variable emphasized by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) policy]. We examined here NCT activity at the single-cell level by measuring mRNA subcellular distribution and protein transport in directly induced motor neurons (diMNs) from adult human fibroblasts. The results show that mRNA subcellular distribution but not protein transport is affected by neuronal maturation stages, whereas both transport processes are not influenced by the sample sex. This study also provides quantitative methods and optimized conditions for measuring NCTs of mRNAs or protein cargoes, establishing a robust way for future functional examinations of NCT activity in directly induced neurons from diseased human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Ding
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | - Masuma Akter
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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11
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Zhang W, Qu J, Liu GH, Belmonte JCI. The ageing epigenome and its rejuvenation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:137-150. [PMID: 32020082 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by the functional decline of tissues and organs and the increased risk of ageing-associated disorders. Several 'rejuvenating' interventions have been proposed to delay ageing and the onset of age-associated decline and disease to extend healthspan and lifespan. These interventions include metabolic manipulation, partial reprogramming, heterochronic parabiosis, pharmaceutical administration and senescent cell ablation. As the ageing process is associated with altered epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodelling, and non-coding RNAs, the manipulation of these mechanisms is central to the effectiveness of age-delaying interventions. This Review discusses the epigenetic changes that occur during ageing and the rapidly increasing knowledge of how these epigenetic mechanisms have an effect on healthspan and lifespan extension, and outlines questions to guide future research on interventions to rejuvenate the epigenome and delay ageing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Oh Y. Patient-specific pluripotent stem cell-based Parkinson's disease models showing endogenous alpha-synuclein aggregation. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31186086 PMCID: PMC6605522 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.6.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
After the first research declaring the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 2007, several attempts have been made to model neurodegenerative disease in vitro during the past decade. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, which is mainly characterized by motor dysfunction. The formation of unique and filamentous inclusion bodies called Lewy bodies (LBs) is the hallmark of both PD and dementia with LBs. The key pathology in PD is generally considered to be the alpha-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation, although it is still controversial whether this protein aggregation is a cause or consequence of neurodegeneration. In the present work, the recently published researches which recapitulated the α-syn aggregation phenomena in sporadic and familial PD hiPSC models were reviewed. Furthermore, the advantages and potentials of using patient-derived PD hiPSC with focus on α-syn aggregation have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Oh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, and Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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13
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Breitbach ME, Greenspan S, Resnick NM, Perera S, Gurkar AU, Absher D, Levine AS. Exonic Variants in Aging-Related Genes Are Predictive of Phenotypic Aging Status. Front Genet 2019; 10:1277. [PMID: 31921313 PMCID: PMC6931058 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies investigating longevity have revealed very few convincing genetic associations with increased lifespan. This is, in part, due to the complexity of biological aging, as well as the limited power of genome-wide association studies, which assay common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and require several thousand subjects to achieve statistical significance. To overcome such barriers, we performed comprehensive DNA sequencing of a panel of 20 genes previously associated with phenotypic aging in a cohort of 200 individuals, half of whom were clinically defined by an "early aging" phenotype, and half of whom were clinically defined by a "late aging" phenotype based on age (65-75 years) and the ability to walk up a flight of stairs or walk for 15 min without resting. A validation cohort of 511 late agers was used to verify our results. Results: We found early agers were not enriched for more total variants in these 20 aging-related genes than late agers. Using machine learning methods, we identified the most predictive model of aging status, both in our discovery and validation cohorts, to be a random forest model incorporating damaging exon variants [Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion (CADD) > 15]. The most heavily weighted variants in the model were within poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and excision repair cross complementation group 5 (ERCC5), both of which are involved in a canonical aging pathway, DNA damage repair. Conclusion: Overall, this study implemented a framework to apply machine learning to identify sequencing variants associated with complex phenotypes such as aging. While the small sample size making up our cohort inhibits our ability to make definitive conclusions about the ability of these genes to accurately predict aging, this study offers a unique method for exploring polygenic associations with complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Breitbach
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Hunstville, AL, United States
- Department of Biotechnology Science and Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Hunstville, AL, United States
| | - Susan Greenspan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Neil M. Resnick
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Institute on Aging of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Subashan Perera
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aditi U. Gurkar
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Institute on Aging of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Hunstville, AL, United States
| | - Arthur S. Levine
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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14
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Chang EA, Jin SW, Nam MH, Kim SD. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells : Clinical Significance and Applications in Neurologic Diseases. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2019; 62:493-501. [PMID: 31392877 PMCID: PMC6732359 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2018.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells using gene transfer opens new areas for precision medicine with personalized cell therapy and encourages the discovery of essential platforms for targeted drug development. iPSCs retain the genome of the donor, may regenerate indefinitely, and undergo differentiation into virtually any cell type of interest using a range of published protocols. There has been enormous interest among researchers regarding the application of iPSC technology to regenerative medicine and human disease modeling, in particular, modeling of neurologic diseases using patient-specific iPSCs. For instance, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and spinal cord injuries may be treated with iPSC therapy or replacement tissues obtained from iPSCs. In this review, we discuss the work so far on generation and characterization of iPSCs and focus on recent advances in the use of human iPSCs in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Myung-Hyun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Sang-Dae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
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15
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Mohammad K, Dakik P, Medkour Y, Mitrofanova D, Titorenko VI. Quiescence Entry, Maintenance, and Exit in Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092158. [PMID: 31052375 PMCID: PMC6539837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes can respond to certain environmental cues by arresting the cell cycle and entering a reversible state of quiescence. Quiescent cells do not divide, but can re-enter the cell cycle and resume proliferation if exposed to some signals from the environment. Quiescent cells in mammals and humans include adult stem cells. These cells exhibit improved stress resistance and enhanced survival ability. In response to certain extrinsic signals, adult stem cells can self-renew by dividing asymmetrically. Such asymmetric divisions not only allow the maintenance of a population of quiescent cells, but also yield daughter progenitor cells. A multistep process of the controlled proliferation of these progenitor cells leads to the formation of one or more types of fully differentiated cells. An age-related decline in the ability of adult stem cells to balance quiescence maintenance and regulated proliferation has been implicated in many aging-associated diseases. In this review, we describe many traits shared by different types of quiescent adult stem cells. We discuss how these traits contribute to the quiescence, self-renewal, and proliferation of adult stem cells. We examine the cell-intrinsic mechanisms that allow establishing and sustaining the characteristic traits of adult stem cells, thereby regulating quiescence entry, maintenance, and exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Paméla Dakik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Younes Medkour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Darya Mitrofanova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Vladimir I Titorenko
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
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16
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Sousa‐Franco A, Rebelo K, da Rocha ST, Bernardes de Jesus B. LncRNAs regulating stemness in aging. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12870. [PMID: 30456884 PMCID: PMC6351848 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most outstanding observations from next-generation sequencing approaches was that only 1.5% of our genes code for proteins. The biggest part is transcribed but give rise to different families of RNAs without coding potential. The functional relevance of these abundant transcripts remains far from elucidated. Among them are the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a relatively large and heterogeneous group of RNAs shown to be highly tissue-specific, indicating a prominent role in processes controlling cellular identity. In particular, lncRNAs have been linked to both stemness properties and detrimental pathways regulating the aging process, being novel players in the intricate network guiding tissue homeostasis. Here, we summarize the up-to-date information on the role of lncRNAs that affect stemness and hence impact upon aging, highlighting the likelihood that lncRNAs may represent an unexploited reservoir of potential therapeutic targets for reprogramming applications and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Sousa‐Franco
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Kenny Rebelo
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Simão Teixeira da Rocha
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Bruno Bernardes de Jesus
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMEDUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
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17
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Ashapkin VV, Kutueva LI, Vanyushin BF. Epigenetic Clock: Just a Convenient Marker or an Active Driver of Aging? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1178:175-206. [PMID: 31493228 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A global DNA hypomethylation and local changes in the methylation levels of specific DNA loci occur during aging in mammals. Global hypomethylation mainly affects highly methylated repeat sequences, such as transposable elements; it is an essentially stochastic process usually referred to as "epigenetic drift." Specific changes in DNA methylation affect various genome sequences and could be either hypomethylation or hypermethylation, but the prevailing tendencies are hypermethylation of promoter sequences associated with CpG islands and hypomethylation of CpG poor genes. Methylation levels of multiple CpG sites display a strong correlation to age common between individuals of the same species. Collectively, methylation of such CpG sites could be used as "epigenetic clocks" to predict biological age. Furthermore, the discrepancy between epigenetic and chronological ages could be predictive of all-cause mortality and multiple age-associated diseases. Random changes in DNA methylation (epigenetic drift) could also affect the aging phenotype, causing accidental changes in gene expression and increasing the transcriptional noise between cells of the same tissue. Both effects could become detrimental to tissue functioning and cause a gradual decline in organ function during aging. Strong evidence shows that epigenetic systems contribute to lifespan control in various organisms. Similar to other cell systems, the epigenome is prone to gradual degradation due to the genome damage, stressful agents and other aging factors. However, unlike mutations and many other hallmarks of aging, age-related epigenetic changes could be fully or partially reversed to a "young" state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Ashapkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila I Kutueva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris F Vanyushin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Effects of the Extracts from Fruit and Stem of Camellia japonica on Induced Pluripotency and Wound Healing. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7110449. [PMID: 30463279 PMCID: PMC6262430 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that improve reprogramming, stem cell properties, and regeneration can be widely applied in regenerative medicine. Natural plant extracts represent an abundant and valuable source of bioactive small molecules for drug discovery. Natural products themselves or direct derivatives of them have continued to provide small molecules that have entered clinical trials, such as anticancer and antimicrobial drugs. Here, we tested 3695 extracts from native plants to examine whether they can improve induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation using genetically homogeneous secondary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) harboring doxycycline (dox)-inducible reprograming transgenes. Among the tested extracts, extracts from the fruit and stem of Camellia japonica (CJ) enhanced mouse and human iPSC generation and promoted efficient wound healing in an in vivo mouse wound model. CJ is one of the best-known species of the genus Camellia that belongs to the Theaceae family. Our findings identified the natural plant extracts from the fruit and stem of CJ as novel regulators capable of enhancing cellular reprogramming and wound healing, providing a useful supplement in the development of a more efficient and safer method to produce clinical-grade iPSCs and therapeutics.
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19
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20
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Fermini B, Coyne ST, Coyne KP. Clinical Trials in a Dish: A Perspective on the Coming Revolution in Drug Development. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:765-776. [PMID: 29862873 PMCID: PMC6104197 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218775028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is facing unprecedented challenges as the cost of developing
new drugs has reached unsustainable levels, fueled in large parts by a high attrition rate
in clinical development. Strategies to bridge studies between preclinical testing and
clinical trials are needed to reduce the knowledge gap and allow earlier decisions to be
made on the continuation or discontinuation of further development of drugs. The discovery
and development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have opened up new
avenues that support the concept of screening for cell-based safety and toxicity at the
level of a population. This approach, termed “Clinical Trials in a Dish” (CTiD), allows
testing medical therapies for safety or efficacy on cells collected from a representative
sample of human patients, before moving into actual clinical trials. It can be applied to
the development of drugs for specific populations, and it allows predicting not only the
magnitude of effects but also the incidence of patients in a population who will benefit
or be harmed by these drugs. This, in turn, can lead to the selection of safer drugs to
move into clinical development, resulting in a reduction in attrition. The current article
offers a perspective of this new model for “humanized” preclinical drug development.
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21
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Passaro F, Testa G. Implications of Cellular Aging in Cardiac Reprogramming. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:43. [PMID: 29755986 PMCID: PMC5935013 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a chronic functional decline of organ systems which leads to tissue dysfunction over time, representing a risk factor for diseases development, including cardiovascular. The aging process occurring in the cardiovascular system involves heart and vessels at molecular and cellular level, with subsequent structural modifications and functional impairment. Several modifications involved in the aging process can be ascribed to cellular senescence, a biological response that limits the proliferation of damaged cells. In physiological conditions, the mechanism of cellular senescence is involved in regulation of tissue homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. However, in some conditions senescence-driven tissue repair may fail, leading to the tissue accumulation of senescent cells which in turn may contribute to tumor promotion, aging, and age-related diseases. Cellular reprogramming processes can reverse several age-associated cell features, such as telomere length, DNA methylation, histone modifications and cell-cycle arrest. As such, induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) can provide models of progeroid and physiologically aged cells to gain insight into the pathogenesis of such conditions, to drive the development of new therapies for premature aging and to further explore the possibility of rejuvenating aged cells. An emerging picture is that the tissue remodeling role of cellular senescence could also be crucial for the outcomes of in vivo reprogramming processes. Experimental evidence has demonstrated that, on one hand, senescence represents a cell-autonomous barrier for a cell candidate to reprogramming, but, on the other hand, it may positively sustain the reprogramming capability of surrounding cells to generate fully proficient tissues. This review fits into this conceptual framework by highlighting the most prominent concepts that characterize aging and reprogramming and discusses how the aging tissue might provide a favorable microenvironment for in vivo cardiac reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Passaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Testa
- Interdepartmental Center for Nanotechnology Research - NanoBem, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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22
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Fang Y, Gao T, Zhang B, Pu J. Recent Advances: Decoding Alzheimer's Disease With Stem Cells. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:77. [PMID: 29623038 PMCID: PMC5874773 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that destroys cognitive functions. Recently, a number of high-profile clinical trials based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis have encountered disappointing results. The failure of these trials indicates the necessity for novel therapeutic strategies and disease models. In this review, we will describe how recent advances in stem cell technology have shed light on a novel treatment strategy and revolutionized the mechanistic investigation of AD pathogenesis. Current advances in promoting endogenous neurogenesis and transplanting exogenous stem cells from both bench research and clinical translation perspectives will be thoroughly summarized. In addition, reprogramming technology-based disease modeling, which has shown improved efficacy in recapitulating pathological features in human patients, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Tenreiro S, Franssens V, Winderickx J, Outeiro TF. Yeast models of Parkinson's disease-associated molecular pathologies. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 44:74-83. [PMID: 28232272 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aging of the human population is resulting in an increase in the number of people afflicted by neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), creating tremendous socio-economic challenges. This requires the urgent for the development of effective therapies, and of tools for early diagnosis of the disease. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis is still incomplete, hampering progress in those areas. In recent years, the progression made in genetics has considerably contributed to our knowledge, by identifying several novel PD genes. Furthermore, many cellular and animal models have proven their value to decipher pathways involved in PD development. In this review we highlight the value of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model for PD. This unicellular eukaryote has contributed to our understanding of the cellular mechanisms targeted by most important PD genes and offers an excellent tool for discovering novel players via powerful and informative high throughput screens that accelerate further validation in more complex models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tenreiro
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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24
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Antikainen H, Driscoll M, Haspel G, Dobrowolski R. TOR-mediated regulation of metabolism in aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1219-1233. [PMID: 28971552 PMCID: PMC5676073 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is regulated by the mTOR kinase, a key component of the molecular nutrient sensor pathway that plays a central role in cellular survival and aging. The mTOR pathway promotes protein and lipid synthesis and inhibits autophagy, a process known for its contribution to longevity in several model organisms. The nutrient‐sensing pathway is regulated at the lysosomal membrane by a number of proteins for which deficiency triggers widespread aging phenotypes in tested animal models. In response to environmental cues, this recently discovered lysosomal nutrient‐sensing complex regulates autophagy transcriptionally through conserved factors, such as the transcription factors TFEB and FOXO, associated with lifespan extension. This key metabolic pathway strongly depends on nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization, a cellular phenomenon gradually lost during aging. In this review, we discuss the current progress in understanding the contribution of mTOR‐regulating factors to autophagy and longevity. Furthermore, we review research on the regulation of metabolism conducted in multiple aging models, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mouse, and human iPSCs. We suggest that conserved molecular pathways have the strongest potential for the development of new avenues for treatment of age‐related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Antikainen
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Monica Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Gal Haspel
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA
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25
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Cheloufi S, Hochedlinger K. Emerging roles of the histone chaperone CAF-1 in cellular plasticity. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 46:83-94. [PMID: 28692904 PMCID: PMC5813839 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, cells become progressively restricted in their differentiation potential. This is thought to be regulated by dynamic changes in chromatin structure and associated modifications, which act together to stabilize distinct specialized cell lineages. Remarkably, differentiated cells can be experimentally reprogrammed to a stem cell-like state or to alternative lineages. Thus, cellular reprogramming provides a valuable platform to study the mechanisms that normally safeguard cell identity and uncover factors whose manipulation facilitates cell fate transitions. Recent work has identified the chromatin assembly factor complex CAF-1 as a potent barrier to cellular reprogramming. In addition, CAF-1 has been implicated in the reversion of pluripotent cells to a totipotent-like state and in various lineage conversion paradigms, suggesting that modulation of CAF-1 levels may endow cells with a developmentally more plastic state. Here, we review these exciting results, discuss potential mechanisms and speculate on the possibility of exploiting chromatin assembly pathways to manipulate cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Cheloufi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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26
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Atchison L, Zhang H, Cao K, Truskey GA. A Tissue Engineered Blood Vessel Model of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome Using Human iPSC-derived Smooth Muscle Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8168. [PMID: 28811655 PMCID: PMC5557922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchison-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, accelerated aging disorder caused by nuclear accumulation of progerin, an altered form of the Lamin A gene. The primary cause of death is cardiovascular disease at about 14 years. Loss and dysfunction of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the vasculature may cause defects associated with HGPS. Due to limitations of 2D cell culture and mouse models, there is a need to develop improved models to discover novel therapeutics. To address this need, we produced a functional three-dimensional model of HGPS that replicates an arteriole-scale tissue engineered blood vessel (TEBV) using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived SMCs from an HGPS patient. To isolate the effect of the HGPS iSMCs, the endothelial layer consisted of human cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (hCB-EPCs) from a separate, healthy donor. TEBVs fabricated from HGPS iSMCs and hCB-EPCs show reduced vasoactivity, increased medial wall thickness, increased calcification and apoptosis relative to TEBVs fabricated from normal iSMCs or primary MSCs. Additionally, treatment of HGPS TEBVs with the proposed therapeutic Everolimus, increases HGPS TEBV vasoactivity and increases iSMC differentiation in the TEBVs. These results show the ability of this iPSC-derived TEBV to reproduce key features of HGPS and respond to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Atchison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering at Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics at University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics at University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering at Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
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27
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Taguchi J, Yamada Y. In vivo reprogramming for tissue regeneration and organismal rejuvenation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 46:132-140. [PMID: 28779646 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor-mediated reprogramming has enabled us to induce the fate conversion of somatic cells into other cell types. Although the study of reprogramming mostly occurs at the cellular level in vitro, previous studies have demonstrated that somatic cells are reprogrammable in multicellular organisms too. Recent studies using in vivo reprogramming have provided important insights on regenerative medicine for diseased organs. Moreover, similar studies have revealed unappreciated mechanisms in various biological phenomena, including tissue regeneration, aging, rejuvenation and cancer development in multicellular organisms. Here, we review recent progress and future perspectives of in vivo reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Taguchi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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28
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Mosteiro L, Pantoja C, Alcazar N, Marión RM, Chondronasiou D, Rovira M, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, Muñoz-Martin M, Blanco-Aparicio C, Pastor J, Gómez-López G, De Martino A, Blasco MA, Abad M, Serrano M. Tissue damage and senescence provide critical signals for cellular reprogramming in vivo. Science 2017; 354:354/6315/aaf4445. [PMID: 27884981 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of differentiated cells into pluripotent cells can occur in vivo, but the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. Senescence is a cellular response to damage, characterized by abundant production of cytokines and other secreted factors that, together with the recruitment of inflammatory cells, result in tissue remodeling. Here, we show that in vivo expression of the reprogramming factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and cMYC (OSKM) in mice leads to senescence and reprogramming, both coexisting in close proximity. Genetic and pharmacological analyses indicate that OSKM-induced senescence requires the Ink4a/Arf locus and, through the production of the cytokine interleukin-6, creates a permissive tissue environment for in vivo reprogramming. Biological conditions linked to senescence, such as tissue injury or aging, favor in vivo reprogramming by OSKM. These observations may be relevant for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluc Mosteiro
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Cristina Pantoja
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Noelia Alcazar
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Rosa M Marión
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, CNIO, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Dafni Chondronasiou
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Rovira
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain.,Laboratory of Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) in Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | - Maribel Muñoz-Martin
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | | | - Joaquin Pastor
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, CNIO, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, CNIO, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - María Abad
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain.,Cell Plasticity and Cancer Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona E08035, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain.
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29
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Cheng Z, Peng HL, Zhang R, Fu XM, Zhang GS. Rejuvenation of Cardiac Tissue Developed from Reprogrammed Aged Somatic Cells. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 20:389-400. [PMID: 28478705 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived via somatic cell reprogramming have been reported to reset aged somatic cells to a more youthful state, characterized by elongated telomeres, a rearranged mitochondrial network, reduced oxidative stress, and restored pluripotency. However, it is still unclear whether the reprogrammed aged somatic cells can function normally as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) during development and be rejuvenated. In the current study, we applied the aggregation technique to investigate whether iPSCs derived from aged somatic cells could develop normally and be rejuvenated. iPSCs derived from bone marrow myeloid cells of 2-month-old (2 M) and 18-month-old (18 M) C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP)1Osb/J mice were aggregated with embryos derived from wild-type ICR mice to produce chimeras (referred to as 2 M CA and 18 M CA, respectively). Our observations focused on comparing the ability of the iPSCs derived from 18 M and 2 M bone marrow cells to develop rejuvenated cardiac tissue (the heart is the most vital organ during aging). The results showed an absence of p16 and p53 upregulation, telomere length shortening, and mitochondrial gene expression and deletion in 18 M CA, whereas slight changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure, cytochrome C oxidase activity, ATP production, and reactive oxygen species production were observed in CA cardiac tissues. The data implied that all of the aging characteristics observed in the newborn cardiac tissue of 18 M CA were comparable with those of 2 M CA newborn cardiac tissue. This study provides the first direct evidence of the aging-related characteristics of cardiac tissue developed from aged iPSCs, and our observations demonstrate that partial rejuvenation can be achieved by reprogramming aged somatic cells to a pluripotent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Cheng
- 1 Department of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ling Peng
- 1 Department of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- 2 Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center , Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Xian-Ming Fu
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Sen Zhang
- 1 Department of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
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30
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Petrini S, Borghi R, D'Oria V, Restaldi F, Moreno S, Novelli A, Bertini E, Compagnucci C. Aged induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) as a new cellular model for studying premature aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:1453-1469. [PMID: 28562315 PMCID: PMC5472744 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear integrity and mechanical stability of the nuclear envelope (NE) are conferred by the nuclear lamina, a meshwork of intermediate filaments composed of A- and B-type lamins, supporting the inner nuclear membrane and playing a pivotal role in chromatin organization and epigenetic regulation. During cell senescence, nuclear alterations also involving NE architecture are widely described. In the present study, we utilized induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) upon prolonged in vitro culture as a model to study aging and investigated the organization and expression pattern of NE major constituents. Confocal and four-dimensional imaging combined with molecular analyses, showed that aged iPSCs are characterized by nuclear dysmorphisms, nucleoskeletal components (lamin A/C-prelamin isoforms, lamin B1, emerin, and nesprin-2) imbalance, leading to impaired nucleo-cytoplasmic MKL1 shuttling, actin polymerization defects, mitochondrial dysfunctions, SIRT7 downregulation and NF-kBp65 hyperactivation. The observed age-related NE features of iPSCs closely resemble those reported for premature aging syndromes (e.g., Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome) and for somatic cell senescence. These findings validate the use of aged iPSCs as a suitable cellular model to study senescence and for investigating therapeutic strategies aimed to treat premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Rossella Borghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
- Department of Science-LIME, University “Roma Tre”, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Oria
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Restaldi
- Medical Genetic Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science-LIME, University “Roma Tre”, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Medical Genetic Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
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31
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Freitas-Rodríguez S, Folgueras AR, López-Otín C. The role of matrix metalloproteinases in aging: Tissue remodeling and beyond. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2015-2025. [PMID: 28499917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are a set of enzymes that have been involved in multiple biological processes throughout evolution. Among them, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling has emerged as one of the most relevant functions exerted by these proteins, being essential in the regulation of critical events such as embryonic development or tissue homeostasis. Hence, it is not surprising that dysregulation in any protease function that affects ECM homeostasis may contribute to the aging process. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are one of the most important families of proteases involved in the tight control of ECM remodeling over time. In this review, we will discuss how MMPs and other proteases alter ECM composition and mechanical properties in aging, thereby affecting stem cell niches and the development of senescent phenotypes. Finally, we will summarize recent findings that associate MMPs with the development of age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Freitas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alicia R Folgueras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
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32
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El Hokayem J, Cukier HN, Dykxhoorn DM. Blood Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs): Benefits, Challenges and the Road Ahead. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6. [PMID: 27882265 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the creation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) ten years ago, hundreds of publications have demonstrated their considerable impact on disease modeling and therapy. In this commentary, we will summarize key milestones, benefits and challenges in the iPSC field. Furthermore, we will highlight blood as an effective and easily accessible source for patient-specific iPSCs derivation in the context of work done in our laboratory and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy El Hokayem
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Holly N Cukier
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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33
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Immune and inflammatory responses to DNA damage in cancer and aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 165:10-16. [PMID: 27720808 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome instability is a hallmark of both cancer and aging processes. Beyond cell-autonomous responses, it is known that DNA damage also elicits systemic mechanisms aimed at favoring survival and damaged cells clearance. Among these mechanisms, immune activation and NF-κB-mediated inflammation play central roles in organismal control of DNA damage. We focus herein on the different experimental evidences that have allowed gaining mechanistic insight about this relationship. We also describe the functional consequences of defective immune function in cancer development and age-related alterations. Finally, we discuss different intervention strategies based on enhancing immunity or on the modulation of the inflammatory response to improve organism homeostasis in cancer and aging.
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