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Springer C, Binsch C, Weide D, Toska L, Cremer AL, Backes H, Scheel AK, Espelage L, Kotzka J, Sill S, Kurowski A, Kim D, Karpinski S, Schnurr TM, Hansen T, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Cames S, Brüning JC, Lienhard M, Herwig R, Börno S, Timmermann B, Al-Hasani H, Chadt A. Depletion of TBC1D4 Improves the Metabolic Exercise Response by Overcoming Genetically Induced Peripheral Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2024; 73:1058-1071. [PMID: 38608276 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The Rab-GTPase-activating protein (RabGAP) TBC1D4 (AS160) represents a key component in the regulation of glucose transport into skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT) and is therefore crucial during the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Increased daily activity has been shown to be associated with improved postprandial hyperglycemia in allele carriers of a loss-of-function variant in the human TBC1D4 gene. Using conventional Tbc1d4-deficient mice (D4KO) fed a high-fat diet, we show that moderate endurance exercise training leads to substantially improved glucose and insulin tolerance and enhanced expression levels of markers for mitochondrial activity and browning in WAT from D4KO animals. Importantly, in vivo and ex vivo analyses of glucose uptake revealed increased glucose clearance in interscapular brown adipose tissue and WAT from trained D4KO mice. Thus, chronic exercise is able to overcome the genetically induced insulin resistance caused by Tbc1d4 depletion. Gene variants in TBC1D4 may be relevant in future precision medicine as determinants of exercise response. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Springer
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Binsch
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Deborah Weide
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Toska
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna L Cremer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna K Scheel
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lena Espelage
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzka
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sill
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anette Kurowski
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daebin Kim
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Karpinski
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Cames
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Herwig
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Börno
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Walker ME, Kodani SD, Mena HA, Tseng YH, Cypess AM, Spite M. Brown Adipose Tissue Activation in Humans Increases Plasma Levels of Lipid Mediators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1837-1849. [PMID: 38198796 PMCID: PMC11180506 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis improves insulin sensitivity and is beneficial in obesity. Emerging evidence indicates that BAT activation increases lipid mediators that play autocrine and endocrine roles to regulate metabolism and inflammation. OBJECTIVE The goal of the study was to determine the relationship between 2 distinct approaches of BAT activation (cold exposure and mirabegron treatment) with lipid mediators in humans. METHODS Healthy female subjects (n = 14) were treated with the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist mirabegron (100 mg) daily for 28 days. A subset of female subjects (n = 8) was additionally exposed to cold temperatures (14-16 °C) for 2 hours using a cooling vest prior to initiating mirabegron treatment. A panel of lipid mediators was assessed in plasma using targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and their relationship to anthropometric and metabolic parameters was determined. RESULTS Activation of BAT with cold exposure acutely increased levels of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products, including 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 5-HETE, 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (HDHA), an isomer of maresin 2 (MaR2), 17-HDHA, protectin D1 (PD1), and prostaglandin E2. Mirabegron treatment similarly increased these products acutely, although levels of some mediators were blunted after chronic mirabegron treatment. Selected lipid mediators, including an MaR2 isomer, 17-HDHA, 5-HETE, and 15-HETE, positively correlated with nonesterified fatty acids and negatively correlated with the respiratory quotient, while PD1, 15-HETE, and 5-HETE positively correlated with adiponectin. CONCLUSION These results indicate that selected lipid mediators may serve as biomarkers of BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Walker
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hebe Agustina Mena
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Olejnik AE, Kuźnar-Kamińska B. Association of Obesity and Severe Asthma in Adults. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3474. [PMID: 38930006 PMCID: PMC11204497 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and asthma continues to enhance, significantly impacting global public health. Adipose tissue is an organ that secretes hormones and cytokines, causes meta-inflammation, and contributes to the intensification of bronchial hyperreactivity, oxidative stress, and consequently affects the different phenotypes of asthma in obese people. As body weight increases, the risk of severe asthma increases, as well as more frequent exacerbations requiring the use of glucocorticoids and hospitalization, which consequently leads to a deterioration of the quality of life. This review discusses the relationship between obesity and severe asthma, the underlying molecular mechanisms, changes in respiratory function tests in obese people, its impact on the occurrence of comorbidities, and consequently, a different response to conventional asthma treatment. The article also reviews research on possible future therapies for severe asthma. The manuscript is a narrative review of clinical trials in severe asthma and comorbid obesity. The articles were found in the PubMed database using the keywords asthma and obesity. Studies on severe asthma were then selected for inclusion in the article. The sections: 'The classification connected with asthma and obesity', 'Obesity-related changes in pulmonary functional tests', and 'Obesity and inflammation', include studies on subjects without asthma or non-severe asthma, which, according to the authors, familiarize the reader with the pathophysiology of obesity-related asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Elżbieta Olejnik
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznan, Poland;
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Ullah A, Singla RK, Batool Z, Cao D, Shen B. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the game-changers in childhood obesity-associated metabolic disorders (diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases). Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09884-y. [PMID: 38709387 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a chronic inflammatory epidemic that affects children worldwide. Obesity affects approximately 1 in 5 children worldwide. Obesity in children can worsen weight gain and raise the risk of obesity-related comorbidities like diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It can also negatively impact the quality of life for these children. Obesity disrupts immune system function, influencing cytokine (interleukins) balance and expression levels, adipokines, and innate and adaptive immune cells. The altered expression of immune system mediators, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-18 (IL-18), transforming growth factor (TGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and others, caused inflammation, progression, and the development of pediatric obesity and linked illnesses such as diabetes and NAFLD. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), have been shown to have anti-diabetes and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) anti-diabetic and pro-NAFLFD properties, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to have a dual role in managing diabetes and anti-NAFLD. In light of the substantial increase in childhood obesity-associated disorders such as diabetes and NAFLD and the absence of an effective pharmaceutical intervention to inhibit immune modulation factors, it is critical to consider the alteration of immune system components as a preventive and therapeutic approach. Thus, the current review focuses on the most recent information regarding the influence of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins) and their molecular mechanisms on pediatric obesity-associated disorders (diabetes and NAFLD). Furthermore, we discussed the current therapeutic clinical trials in childhood obesity-associated diseases, diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, 144411, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Zahra Batool
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Brisnovali NF, Franco I, Abdelgawwad A, Tsou HLP, Cao TH, Riva A, Rutter GA, Akalestou E. Effects of SGLT2 Ablation or Inhibition on Corticosterone Secretion in High-Fat-Fed Mice: Exploring a Nexus with Cytokine Levels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.590099. [PMID: 38712064 PMCID: PMC11071289 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, achieving optimal glycaemic control remains a challenge in managing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as effective treatments by promoting urinary glucose excretion. However, the full scope of their mechanisms extends beyond glycaemic control. At present, their immunometabolic effects remain elusive. To investigate the effects of SGLT2 inhibition or deletion, we compared the metabolic and immune phenotype between high fat diet-fed control, chronically dapagliflozin-treated mice and total-body SGLT2/Slc5a2 knockout mice. SGLT2 null mice exhibited superior glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to control or dapagliflozin-treated mice, independent of glycosuria and body weight. Moreover, SGLT2 null mice demonstrated physiological regulation of corticosterone secretion, with lowered morning levels compared to control mice. Systemic cytokine profiling also unveiled significant alterations in inflammatory mediators, particularly interleukin 6 (IL-6). Furthermore, unbiased proteomic analysis demonstrated downregulation of acute-phase proteins and upregulation of glutathione-related proteins, suggesting a role in the modulation of antioxidant responses. Conversely, IL-6 increased SGLT2 expression in kidney HK2 cells suggesting a role for cytokines in the effects of hyperglycemia. Collectively, our study elucidates a potential interplay between SGLT2 activity, immune modulation, and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki F. Brisnovali
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Franco
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amira Abdelgawwad
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hio Lam Phoebe Tsou
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thong Huy Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester van Geest Multi-OMICS facility, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Elina Akalestou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Liang J, Liu Z, Tian X, Sun C. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase promotes white adipocytes browning by activating the RAS/ERK pathway and undergoing crotonylation modification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130816. [PMID: 38503371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Acetylation modification has a wide range of functional roles in almost all physiological processes, such as transcription and energy metabolism. Crotonylation modification is mainly involved in RNA processing, nucleic acid metabolism, chromosome assembly and gene expression, and it's found that there is a competitive relationship between crotonylation modification and acetylation modification. Previous study found that dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) was highly expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of white adipose tissue browning model mice, suggesting that DLD is closely related to white fat browning. This study was performed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blotting (WB), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Immunofluorescence staining, JC-1 staining, Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos staining, Oil red O staining, Bodipy staining, HE staining, and Blood lipid quadruple test. The assay revealed that DLD promotes browning of white adipose tissue in mice. Cellularly, DLD was found to promote white adipocytes browning by activating mitochondrial function through the RAS/ERK pathway. Further studies revealed that the crotonylation modification and acetylation modification of DLD had mutual inhibitory effects. Meanwhile, DLD crotonylation promoted white adipocytes browning, while DLD acetylation did the opposite. Finally, protein interaction analysis and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays identified Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) as a decrotonylation and deacetylation modification enzyme of regulates DLD. In conclusion, DLD promotes browning of white adipocytes by activating mitochondrial function through crotonylation modification and the RAS/ERK pathway, providing a theoretical basis for the control and treatment of obesity, which is of great significance for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juntong Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zunhai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Guo G, Wang W, Tu M, Zhao B, Han J, Li J, Pan Y, Zhou J, Ma W, Liu Y, Sun T, Han X, An Y. Deciphering adipose development: Function, differentiation and regulation. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38516819 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The overdevelopment of adipose tissues, accompanied by excess lipid accumulation and energy storage, leads to adipose deposition and obesity. With the increasing incidence of obesity in recent years, obesity is becoming a major risk factor for human health, causing various relevant diseases (including hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis and cancers). Therefore, it is of significance to antagonize obesity to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases. Excess lipid accumulation in adipose tissues is mediated by adipocyte hypertrophy (expansion of pre-existing adipocytes) or hyperplasia (increase of newly-formed adipocytes). It is necessary to prevent excessive accumulation of adipose tissues by controlling adipose development. Adipogenesis is exquisitely regulated by many factors in vivo and in vitro, including hormones, cytokines, gender and dietary components. The present review has concluded a comprehensive understanding of adipose development including its origin, classification, distribution, function, differentiation and molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis, which may provide potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing obesity without impairing adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengjie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiayang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanbing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Wu S, Qiu C, Ni J, Guo W, Song J, Yang X, Sun Y, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Chang X, Sun P, Wang C, Li K, Han X. M2 macrophages independently promote beige adipogenesis via blocking adipocyte Ets1. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1646. [PMID: 38388532 PMCID: PMC10883921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages can promote beige adipose thermogenesis by altering local sympathetic activity. Here, we perform sympathectomy in mice and further eradicate subcutaneous adipose macrophages and discover that these macrophages have a direct beige-promoting function that is independent of sympathetic system. We further identify adipocyte Ets1 as a vital mediator in this process. The anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages suppress Ets1 expression in adipocytes, transcriptionally activate mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as suppress mitochondrial clearance, thereby increasing the mitochondrial numbers and promoting the beiging process. Male adipocyte Ets1 knock-in mice are completely cold intolerant, whereas male mice lacking Ets1 in adipocytes show enhanced energy expenditure and are resistant to metabolic disorders caused by high-fat-diet. Our findings elucidate a direct communication between M2 macrophages and adipocytes, and uncover a function for Ets1 in responding to macrophages and negatively governing mitochondrial content and beige adipocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal Research, Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jiahao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jiyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xingyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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9
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Yue Y, Ge Z, Guo Z, Wang Y, Yang G, Sun S, Li X. Screening of lncRNA profiles during intramuscular adipogenic differentiation in longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscles in pigs. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4616-4626. [PMID: 36794392 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2176319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat content is an important factor that determines meat quality in pigs. In recent years, epigenetic regulation has increasingly studied the physiological model of intramuscular fat. Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in various biological processes, their role in intramuscular fat deposition in pigs remains largely unknown. In this study, intramuscular preadipocytes in the longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus of Large White pigs were isolated and induced into adipogenic differentiation in vitro. High-throughput RNA-seq was carried out to estimate the expression of lncRNAs at 0, 2 and 8 days post-differentiation. At this stage, 2135 lncRNAs were identified. KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were common in pathways involved with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. lnc_000368 was found to gradually increase during the adipogenic process. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a western blot revealed that the knockdown of lnc_000368 significantly repressed the expression of adipogenic genes and lipolytic genes. As a result, lipid accumulation in porcine intramuscular adipocytes was impaired by the silencing of lnc_000368. Overall, our study identified a genome-wide lncRNA profile related to porcine intramuscular fat deposition, and the results suggest that lnc_000368 is a potential target gene that might be targeted in pig breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Yue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shiduo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang, China
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10
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Liang J, Sun C. ILC2s control obesity by regulating energy homeostasis and browning of white fat. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110272. [PMID: 37210911 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been a hot topic in recent research, they are widely distributed in vivo and play an important role in different tissues. The important role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the conversion of white fat into beige fat has attracted widespread attention. Studies have shown that ILC2s regulate adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. This article reviews the types and functions of ILCs, focusing on the relationship between differentiation, development and function of ILC2s, and elaborates on the relationship between peripheral ILC2s and browning of white fat and body energy homeostasis. This has important implications for the future treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zunhai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Juntong Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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11
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Shi L, Tao Z, Zheng L, Yang J, Hu X, Scott K, de Kloet A, Krause E, Collins JF, Cheng Z. FoxO1 regulates adipose transdifferentiation and iron influx by mediating Tgfβ1 signaling pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102727. [PMID: 37156218 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose plasticity is critical for metabolic homeostasis. Adipocyte transdifferentiation plays an important role in adipose plasticity, but the molecular mechanism of transdifferentiation remains incompletely understood. Here we show that the transcription factor FoxO1 regulates adipose transdifferentiation by mediating Tgfβ1 signaling pathway. Tgfβ1 treatment induced whitening phenotype in beige adipocytes, reducing UCP1 and mitochondrial capacity and enlarging lipid droplets. Deletion of adipose FoxO1 (adO1KO) dampened Tgfβ1 signaling by downregulating Tgfbr2 and Smad3 and induced browning of adipose tissue in mice, increasing UCP1 and mitochondrial content and activating metabolic pathways. Silencing FoxO1 also abolished the whitening effect of Tgfβ1 on beige adipocytes. The adO1KO mice exhibited a significantly higher energy expenditure, lower fat mass, and smaller adipocytes than the control mice. The browning phenotype in adO1KO mice was associated with an increased iron content in adipose tissue, concurrent with upregulation of proteins that facilitate iron uptake (DMT1 and TfR1) and iron import into mitochondria (Mfrn1). Analysis of hepatic and serum iron along with hepatic iron-regulatory proteins (ferritin and ferroportin) in the adO1KO mice revealed an adipose tissue-liver crosstalk that meets the increased iron requirement for adipose browning. The FoxO1-Tgfβ1 signaling cascade also underlay adipose browning induced by β3-AR agonist CL316243. Our study provides the first evidence of a FoxO1-Tgfβ1 axis in the regulation of adipose browning-whitening transdifferentiation and iron influx, which sheds light on the compromised adipose plasticity in conditions of dysregulated FoxO1 and Tgfβ1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Shi
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Zhipeng Tao
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Louise Zheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jinying Yang
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Xinran Hu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Karen Scott
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
| | - Annette de Kloet
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Eric Krause
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
| | - James F Collins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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12
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Takeda Y, Harada Y, Yoshikawa T, Dai P. Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021352. [PMID: 36674862 PMCID: PMC9861294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown fats specialize in thermogenesis by increasing the utilization of circulating blood glucose and fatty acids. Emerging evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents the incidence of obesity-associated metabolic diseases and several types of cancers in humans. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in brown/beige adipocytes regulates both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent and -independent thermogenesis for cold adaptation and the utilization of excess nutrients and energy. Many studies on the quantification of human BAT indicate that mass and activity are inversely correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and visceral adiposity. Repression is caused by obesity-associated positive and negative factors that control adipocyte browning, de novo adipogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, UCP1 expression and activity, and noradrenergic response. Systemic and local factors whose levels vary between lean and obese conditions include growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and metal ions such as selenium and iron. Modulation of obesity-associated repression in human brown fats is a promising strategy to counteract obesity and related metabolic diseases through the activation of thermogenic capacity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mitochondrial metabolism, thermogenic regulation of brown fats, and human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Takeda
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanaka-Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
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13
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Civelek E, Ozen G. The biological actions of prostanoids in adipose tissue in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 186:102508. [PMID: 36270150 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been established as an endocrine organ that plays an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Adipose tissue releases several bioactive molecules called adipokines. Inflammation, dysregulation of adipokine synthesis, and secretion are observed in obesity and related diseases and cause adipose tissue dysfunction. Prostanoids, belonging to the eicosanoid family of lipid mediators, can be synthesized in adipose tissue and play a critical role in adipose tissue biology. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge regarding the interaction of prostanoids with adipokines, the expression of prostanoid receptors, and prostanoid synthase enzymes in adipose tissues in health and disease. Furthermore, the involvement of prostanoids in the physiological function or dysfunction of adipose tissue including inflammation, lipolysis, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, browning of adipocytes, and vascular tone regulation was also discussed by examining studies using pharmacological approaches or genetically modified animals for prostanoid receptors/synthase enzymes. Overall, the present review provides a perspective on the evidence from literature regarding the biological effects of prostanoids in adipose tissue. Among prostanoids, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is prominent in regards to its substantial role in both adipose tissue physiology and pathophysiology. Targeting prostanoids may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing or treating obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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14
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Takeda Y, Dai P. Chronic Fatty Acid Depletion Induces Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) Expression to Coordinate Mitochondrial Inducible Proton Leak in a Human-Brown-Adipocyte Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132038. [PMID: 35805122 PMCID: PMC9265531 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic brown fat contributes to metabolic health in adult humans. Obese conditions are known to repress adipose-tissue browning and its activity. Herein, we found that chronic fatty acid (FA) depletion induced uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in the chemical-compound-induced brown adipocytes (ciBAs). The ciBAs, converted from human dermal fibroblasts under FA-free conditions, had low intracellular triglyceride levels and strongly activated UCP1 expression. Prolonged treatment with carnitine also reduced triglyceride accumulation and induced UCP1 expression. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the UCP1 induction was accompanied by the activation of lipid metabolic genes. The FA-depleted conditions repressed mitochondrial proton-leak activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), despite maintaining a high UCP1 expression. The evidence suggested that UCP1 expression was induced to compensate for the proton-leak activity under low MMP. Our study reports a regulatory mechanism underlying UCP1 expression and mitochondrial-energy status in human brown adipocytes under different nutritional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Takeda
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
| | - Ping Dai
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
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15
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Adipocyte-Specific Expression of PGC1α Promotes Adipocyte Browning and Alleviates Obesity-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction in an HO-1-Dependent Fashion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061147. [PMID: 35740043 PMCID: PMC9220759 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that PGC1-α plays a crucial role in mitochondrial and vascular function, yet the physiological significance of PGC1α and HO expression in adipose tissues in the context of obesity-linked vascular dysfunction remains unclear. We studied three groups of six-week-old C57BL/6J male mice: (1) mice fed a normal chow diet; (2) mice fed a high-fat diet (H.F.D.) for 28 weeks, and (3) mice fed a high-fat diet (H.F.D.) for 28 weeks, treated with adipose-specific overexpression of PGC-1α (transgenic-adipocyte-PGC-1α) at week 20, and continued on H.F.D. for weeks 20–28. R.N.A. arrays examined 88 genes involved in adipocyte proliferation and maturation. Blood pressure, tissue fibrosis, fasting glucose, and oxygen consumption were measured, as well as liver steatosis, and the expression levels of metabolic and mitochondrial markers. Obese mice exhibited a marked reduction of PGC1α and developed adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, and decreased mitochondrial respiration. Mice with adipose-specific overexpression of PGC1-α exhibited improvement in HO-1, mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, with a decrease in fasting glucose, reduced blood pressure and fibrosis, and increased oxygen consumption. PGC-1α led to the upregulated expression of processes associated with the browning of fat tissue, including UCP1, FGF21, and pAMPK signaling, with a reduction in inflammatory adipokines, NOV/CCN3 expression, and TGFβ. These changes required HO-1 expression. The R.N.A. array analysis identified subgroups of genes positively correlated with contributions to the browning of adipose tissue, all dependent on HO-1. Our observations reveal a positive impact of adipose-PGC1-α on distal organ systems, with beneficial effects on HO-1 levels, reversing obesity-linked cardiometabolic disturbances.
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16
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Altınova AE. Beige Adipocyte as the Flame of White Adipose Tissue: Regulation of Browning and Impact of Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1778-e1788. [PMID: 34967396 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beige adipocyte, the third and relatively new type of adipocyte, can emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under thermogenic stimulations that is termed as browning of WAT. Recent studies suggest that browning of WAT deserves more attention and therapies targeting browning of WAT can be helpful for reducing obesity. Beyond the major inducers of browning, namely cold and β 3-adrenergic stimulation, beige adipocytes are affected by several factors, and excess adiposity per se may also influence the browning process. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of recent clinical and preclinical studies on the hormonal and nonhormonal factors that affect the browning of WAT. This review further focuses on the role of obesity per se on browning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Eroğlu Altınova
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Browning Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Friend or Foe? Cells 2022; 11:cells11060991. [PMID: 35326442 PMCID: PMC8947372 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat depot of the heart which is highly plastic and in direct contact with myocardium and coronary arteries. Because of its singular proximity with the myocardium, the adipokines and pro-inflammatory molecules secreted by this tissue may directly affect the metabolism of the heart and coronary arteries. Its accumulation, measured by recent new non-invasive imaging modalities, has been prospectively associated with the onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation in humans. Recent studies have shown that EAT exhibits beige fat-like features, and express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) at both mRNA and protein levels. However, this thermogenic potential could be lost with age, obesity and CAD. Here we provide an overview of the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of EAT and further discuss whether its thermogenic properties may serve as a target for obesity therapeutic management with a specific focus on the role of immune cells in this beiging phenomenon.
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18
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Toyoda S, Shin J, Fukuhara A, Otsuki M, Shimomura I. Transforming growth factor β1 signaling links extracellular matrix remodeling to intracellular lipogenesis upon physiological feeding events. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101748. [PMID: 35189145 PMCID: PMC8931428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dynamically changes its mass in response to external nutritional status, which plays an important role in maintaining the lipid homeostasis. Physiologically, feeding events are associated with the expansion of adipose tissue, but little is known about the detailed molecular mechanisms of this expansion. Here, using comprehensive transcriptome analysis, we found that levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a key regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, were increased in adipose tissue under feeding conditions and associated with the lipogenic pathway. In addition, TGF-β receptors are highly expressed in adipose tissue, and pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β1 reduced adipose tissue mass and caused ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver. This reduced fat mass was associated with decreased gene expression in ECM remodeling and lipogenesis. Furthermore, similar results were observed in the adipose tissue of SMAD family member 3 knockout mice or upon systemic TGF-β neutralization, with significant reductions in both ECM remodeling and lipogenesis-related genes. Mechanistically, we found that insulin-induced TGF-β1 and cell-autonomous action remodels the ECM of adipocytes, which controls the downstream focal adhesion kinase–AKT signaling cascades and enhances the lipogenic pathway. Of note, destruction of collagens or matrix metalloproteinase/a disintegrin and metalloprotease activities, critical components of ECM remodeling, blocked TGF-β1-mediated focal adhesion kinase–AKT signaling and the lipogenic pathway. Taken together, this study identifies a previously unknown lipogenic role of TGF-β1 by which adipocytes can expand to adapt to physiological feeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Toyoda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jihoon Shin
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Adipose Management, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Xia J, Yu P, Zeng Z, Ma M, Yan X, Zhao J, Gong D, Zhang G, Wang J. Medium chain triglycerides improve lipid metabolism in obese rats by increasing the browning of adipose tissue through the sympathetic regulation. Food Funct 2022; 13:8068-8080. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mechanism of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) promoting the browning of adipose tissue. High fat diet was fed to the Sprague-Dawley rats to induce obesity,...
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20
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Zhou Y, Xu Z, Wang L, Ling D, Nong Q, Xie J, Zhu X, Shan T. Cold Exposure Induces Depot-Specific Alterations in Fatty Acid Composition and Transcriptional Profile in Adipose Tissues of Pigs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:827523. [PMID: 35282453 PMCID: PMC8905645 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.827523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure promotes fat oxidation and modulates the energy metabolism in adipose tissue through multiple mechanisms. However, it is still unclear about heat-generating capacity and lipid mobilization of different fat depots without functional mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). In this study, we kept finishing pigs (lack a functional UCP1 gene) under cold (5-7°C) or room temperature (22-25°C) and determined the effects of overnight cold exposure on fatty acid composition and transcriptional profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). And the plasma metabolomes of porcine was also studied by LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. We found that the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) content was decreased in SAT upon cold exposure. While in VAT, the relative content of lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0) and lignoceric acid (C24:0) were decreased without affecting total SFA content. RNA-seq results showed SAT possess active organic acid metabolism and energy mobilization upon cold exposure. Compared with SAT, cold-induced transcriptional changes were far less broad in VAT, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in fat cell differentiation and cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that the contents of organic acids like creatine, acamprosate, DL-3-phenyllactic acid and taurine were increased in plasma upon overnight cold treatment, suggesting that cold exposure induced lipid and fatty acid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) might be regulated by functions of organic acids. These results provide new insights into the effects of short-term cold exposure on lipid metabolism in adipose tissues without functional UCP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Ling
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyun Nong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintang Xie
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tizhong Shan,
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21
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Lad N, Murphy A, Parenti C, Nelson C, Williams N, Sharpe G, McTernan P. Asthma and obesity: endotoxin another insult to add to injury? Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2729-2748. [PMID: 34918742 PMCID: PMC8689194 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is often an underlying cause of several chronic diseases such as asthma, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Defining the mediators of such chronic low-grade inflammation often appears dependent on which disease is being investigated. However, downstream systemic inflammatory cytokine responses in these diseases often overlap, noting there is no doubt more than one factor at play to heighten the inflammatory response. Furthermore, it is increasingly believed that diet and an altered gut microbiota may play an important role in the pathology of such diverse diseases. More specifically, the inflammatory mediator endotoxin, which is a complex lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the outer membrane cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and is abundant within the gut microbiota, and may play a direct role alongside inhaled allergens in eliciting an inflammatory response in asthma. Endotoxin has immunogenic effects and is sufficiently microscopic to traverse the gut mucosa and enter the systemic circulation to act as a mediator of chronic low-grade inflammation in disease. Whilst the role of endotoxin has been considered in conditions of obesity, cardiovascular disease and T2DM, endotoxin as an inflammatory trigger in asthma is less well understood. This review has sought to examine the current evidence for the role of endotoxin in asthma, and whether the gut microbiota could be a dietary target to improve disease management. This may expand our understanding of endotoxin as a mediator of further low-grade inflammatory diseases, and how endotoxin may represent yet another insult to add to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Lad
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Alice M. Murphy
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Cristina Parenti
- SHAPE Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Carl P. Nelson
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Neil C. Williams
- SHAPE Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Graham R. Sharpe
- SHAPE Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Philip G. McTernan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
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22
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Balazova L, Balaz M, Horvath C, Horváth Á, Moser C, Kovanicova Z, Ghosh A, Ghoshdastider U, Efthymiou V, Kiehlmann E, Sun W, Dong H, Ding L, Amri EZ, Nuutila P, Virtanen KA, Niemi T, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, Pelczar P, Lamla T, Hamilton B, Neubauer H, Wolfrum C. GPR180 is a component of TGFβ signalling that promotes thermogenic adipocyte function and mediates the metabolic effects of the adipocyte-secreted factor CTHRC1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7144. [PMID: 34880217 PMCID: PMC8655035 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes is considered as a strategy to improve metabolic control. Here, we identify GPR180 as a receptor regulating brown and beige adipocyte function and whole-body glucose homeostasis, whose expression in humans is associated with improved metabolic control. We demonstrate that GPR180 is not a GPCR but a component of the TGFβ signalling pathway and regulates the activity of the TGFβ receptor complex through SMAD3 phosphorylation. In addition, using genetic and pharmacological tools, we provide evidence that GPR180 is required to manifest Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) action to regulate brown and beige adipocyte activity and glucose homeostasis. In this work, we show that CTHRC1/GPR180 signalling integrates into the TGFβ signalling as an alternative axis to fine-tune and achieve low-grade activation of the pathway to prevent pathophysiological response while contributing to control of glucose and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Balazova
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Carla Horvath
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Áron Horváth
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Moser
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Zuzana Kovanicova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Centre Zurich, ETH Zurich/ University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Umesh Ghoshdastider
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Vissarion Efthymiou
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Elke Kiehlmann
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Lianggong Ding
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Inserm, iBV, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Center for Transgenic Models, University of Basel, 3350, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Lamla
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bradford Hamilton
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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23
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Halbgebauer D, Roos J, Funcke JB, Neubauer H, Hamilton BS, Simon E, Amri EZ, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P, Tews D. Latent TGFβ-binding proteins regulate UCP1 expression and function via TGFβ2. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101336. [PMID: 34481123 PMCID: PMC8456047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans has been proposed as a new treatment approach for combating obesity and its associated diseases, as BAT participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic contributors driving brown adipogenesis in humans have not been fully understood. Methods Profiling the gene expression of progenitor cells from subcutaneous and deep neck adipose tissue, we discovered new secreted factors with potential regulatory roles in white and brown adipogenesis. Among these, members of the latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein (LTBP) family were highly expressed in brown compared to white adipocyte progenitor cells, suggesting that these proteins are capable of promoting brown adipogenesis. To investigate this potential, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate LTBP-deficient human preadipocytes. Results We demonstrate that LTBP2 and LTBP3 deficiency does not affect adipogenic differentiation, but diminishes UCP1 expression and function in the obtained mature adipocytes. We further show that these effects are dependent on TGFβ2 but not TGFβ1 signaling: TGFβ2 deficiency decreases adipocyte UCP1 expression, whereas TGFβ2 treatment increases it. The activity of the LTBP3–TGFβ2 axis that we delineate herein also significantly correlates with UCP1 expression in human white adipose tissue (WAT), suggesting an important role in regulating WAT browning as well. Conclusions These results provide evidence that LTBP3, via TGFβ2, plays an important role in promoting brown adipogenesis by modulating UCP1 expression and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Inhibition of LTBP2 and LTBP3 reduces secretion of TGFβ2. Both knockout of LTBP2/3 or TGFβ2 inhibit UCP1 expression and mitochondrial respiration in human adipocytes. Expression of TGFβ2 correlates with UCP1 expression in human adipose tissue. Treatment with TGFβ2 rescues inhibition of UCP1 by LTBP knockout during adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Halbgebauer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Roos
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - J B Funcke
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Neubauer
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - B S Hamilton
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - E Simon
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - E Z Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - K M Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Fischer-Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Tews
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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24
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Zhang Z, Yang D, Xiang J, Zhou J, Cao H, Che Q, Bai Y, Guo J, Su Z. Non-shivering Thermogenesis Signalling Regulation and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Brown Adipose Tissue. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2853-2870. [PMID: 34345212 PMCID: PMC8326120 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, thermogenic organs exist in the body that increase heat production and enhance energy regulation. Because brown adipose tissue (BAT) consumes energy and generates heat, increasing energy expenditure via BAT might be a potential strategy for new treatments for obesity and obesity-related diseases. Thermogenic differentiation affects normal adipose tissue generation, emphasizing the critical role that common transcriptional regulation factors might play in common characteristics and sources. An understanding of thermogenic differentiation and related factors could help in developing ways to improve obesity indirectly or directly through targeting of specific signalling pathways. Many studies have shown that the active components of various natural products promote thermogenesis through various signalling pathways. This article reviews recent major advances in this field, including those in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA), cyclic guanosine monophosphate-GMP-dependent protein kinase G (cGMP-AKT), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenic protein (TGF-β/BMP), transient receptor potential (TRP), Wnt, nuclear factor-κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κΒ), Notch and Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathways in brown and brown-like adipose tissue. To provide effective information for future research on weight-loss nutraceuticals or drugs, this review also highlights the natural products and their active ingredients that have been reported in recent years to affect thermogenesis and thus contribute to weight loss via the above signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Di Yang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junwei Xiang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engneering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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25
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Blackburn ML, Wankhade UD, Ono-Moore KD, Chintapalli SV, Fox R, Rutkowsky JM, Willis BJ, Tolentino T, Lloyd KCK, Adams SH. On the potential role of globins in brown adipose tissue: a novel conceptual model and studies in myoglobin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E47-E62. [PMID: 33969705 PMCID: PMC8321818 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00662.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) regulates O2 bioavailability in muscle and heart as the partial pressure of O2 (Po2) drops with increased tissue workload. Globin proteins also modulate cellular NO pools, "scavenging" NO at higher Po2 and converting NO2- to NO as Po2 falls. Myoglobin binding of fatty acids may also signal a role in fat metabolism. Interestingly, Mb is expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but its function is unknown. Herein, we present a new conceptual model that proposes links between BAT thermogenic activation, concurrently reduced Po2, and NO pools regulated by deoxy/oxy-globin toggling and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). We describe the effect of Mb knockout (Mb-/-) on BAT phenotype [lipid droplets, mitochondrial markers uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and cytochrome C oxidase 4 (Cox4), transcriptomics] in male and female mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% of energy, ∼13 wk), and examine Mb expression during brown adipocyte differentiation. Interscapular BAT weights did not differ by genotype, but there was a higher prevalence of mid-large sized droplets in Mb-/-. COX4 protein expression was significantly reduced in Mb-/- BAT, and a suite of metabolic/NO/stress/hypoxia transcripts were lower. All of these Mb-/--associated differences were most apparent in females. The new conceptual model, and results derived from Mb-/- mice, suggest a role for Mb in BAT metabolic regulation, in part through sexually dimorphic systems and NO signaling. This possibility requires further validation in light of significant mouse-to-mouse variability of BAT Mb mRNA and protein abundances in wild-type mice and lower expression relative to muscle and heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myoglobin confers the distinct red color to muscle and heart, serving as an oxygen-binding protein in oxidative fibers. Less attention has been paid to brown fat, a thermogenic tissue that also expresses myoglobin. In a mouse knockout model lacking myoglobin, brown fat had larger fat droplets and lower markers of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, especially in females. Gene expression patterns suggest a role for myoglobin as an oxygen/nitric oxide-sensor that regulates cellular metabolic and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Renee Fox
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jennifer M Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Brandon J Willis
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Todd Tolentino
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
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26
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Abstract
Obesity, an excess accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT), has become a global epidemic and is associated with complex diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Presently, there are no safe and effective therapeutic agents to treat obesity. In contrast to white adipocytes that store energy as triglycerides in unilocular lipid droplet, brown and brown-like or beige adipocytes utilize fatty acids (FAs) and glucose at a high rate mainly by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) action to uncouple mitochondrial proton gradient from ATP synthesis, dissipating energy as heat. Recent studies on the presence of brown or brown-like adipocytes in adult humans have revealed their potential as therapeutic targets in combating obesity. Classically, the main signaling pathway known to activate thermogenesis in adipocytes is β3-adrenergic signaling, which is activated by norepinephrine in response to cold, leading to activation of the thermogenic program and browning. In addition to the β3-adrenergic signaling, numerous other hormones and secreted factors have been reported to affect thermogenesis. In this review, we discuss several major pathways, β3-adrenergic, insulin/IGF1, thyroid hormone and TGFβ family, which regulate thermogenesis and browning of WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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27
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Pilkington AC, Paz HA, Wankhade UD. Beige Adipose Tissue Identification and Marker Specificity-Overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:599134. [PMID: 33776911 PMCID: PMC7996049 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.599134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is classified based on its location, physiological and functional characteristics. Although there is a clear demarcation of anatomical and molecular features specific to white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), the factors that uniquely differentiate beige AT (BeAT) remain to be fully elaborated. The ubiquitous presence of different types of AT and the inability to differentiate brown and beige adipocytes because of similar appearance present a challenge when classifying them one way or another. Here we will provide an overview of the latest advances in BeAT, BAT, and WAT identification based on transcript markers described in the literature. The review paper will highlight some of the difficulties these markers pose and will offer new perspectives on possible transcript-specific identification of BeAT. We hope that this will advance the understanding of the biology of different ATs. In addition, concrete strategies to distinguish different types of AT may be relevant to track the efficacy and mechanisms around interventions aimed to improve metabolic health and thwart excessive weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Claire Pilkington
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Henry A. Paz
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Umesh D. Wankhade
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Umesh D. Wankhade,
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28
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CD90 Is Dispensable for White and Beige/Brown Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217907. [PMID: 33114405 PMCID: PMC7663553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ in rodents and humans. In mice, the transplantation of BAT has been successfully used to combat obesity and its comorbidities. While such beneficial properties of BAT are now evident, the developmental and cellular origins of brown, beige, and white adipocytes have remained only poorly understood, especially in humans. We recently discovered that CD90 is highly expressed in stromal cells isolated from human white adipose tissue (WAT) compared to BAT. Here, we studied whether CD90 interferes with brown or white adipogenesis or white adipocyte beiging. We applied flow cytometric sorting of human adipose tissue stromal cells (ASCs), a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout strategy in the human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocyte model system, as well as a siRNA approach in human approaches supports the hypothesis that CD90 affects brown or white adipogenesis or white adipocyte beiging in humans. Taken together, our findings call the conclusions drawn from previous studies, which claimed a central role of CD90 in adipocyte differentiation, into question.
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29
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Liu R, Xiong X, Nam D, Yechoor V, Ma K. SRF-MRTF signaling suppresses brown adipocyte development by modulating TGF-β/BMP pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110920. [PMID: 32603734 PMCID: PMC7484394 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The SRF/MRTF and upstream signaling cascade play key roles in actin cytoskeleton organization and myocyte development. To date, how this signaling axis may function in brown adipocyte lineage commitment and maturation has not been delineated. Here we report that MRTF-SRF signaling exerts inhibitory actions on brown adipogenesis, and suppressing this negative regulation promotes brown adipocyte lineage development. During brown adipogenic differentiation, protein expressions of SRF, MRTFA/B and its transcription targets were down-regulated, and MRTFA/B shuttled from nucleus to cytoplasm. Silencing of SRF or MRTF-A/MRTF-B enhanced two distinct stages of brown adipocyte development, mesenchymal stem cell determination to brown adipocytes and terminal differentiation of brown adipogenic progenitors. We further demonstrate that the MRTF-SRF axis exerts transcriptional regulations of the TGF-β and BMP signaling pathway, critical developmental cues for brown adipocyte development. TGF-β signaling activity was significantly attenuated, whereas that of the BMP pathway augmented by inhibition of SRF or MRTF-A/MRTF-B, leading to enhanced brown adipocyte differentiation. Our study demonstrates the MRTF-SRF transcriptional cascade as a negative regulator of brown adipogenesis, through its transcriptional control of the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Liu
- Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Xuekai Xiong
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Deokhwa Nam
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vijay Yechoor
- Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Onogi Y, Khalil AEMM, Ussar S. Identification and characterization of adipose surface epitopes. Biochem J 2020; 477:2509-2541. [PMID: 32648930 PMCID: PMC7360119 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central regulator of metabolism and an important pharmacological target to treat the metabolic consequences of obesity, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Among the various cellular compartments, the adipocyte cell surface is especially appealing as a drug target as it contains various proteins that when activated or inhibited promote adipocyte health, change its endocrine function and eventually maintain or restore whole-body insulin sensitivity. In addition, cell surface proteins are readily accessible by various drug classes. However, targeting individual cell surface proteins in adipocytes has been difficult due to important functions of these proteins outside adipose tissue, raising various safety concerns. Thus, one of the biggest challenges is the lack of adipose selective surface proteins and/or targeting reagents. Here, we discuss several receptor families with an important function in adipogenesis and mature adipocytes to highlight the complexity at the cell surface and illustrate the problems with identifying adipose selective proteins. We then discuss that, while no unique adipocyte surface protein might exist, how splicing, posttranslational modifications as well as protein/protein interactions can create enormous diversity at the cell surface that vastly expands the space of potentially unique epitopes and how these selective epitopes can be identified and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elagamy Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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31
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Protection from β-cell apoptosis by inhibition of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:184. [PMID: 32170115 PMCID: PMC7070087 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prevailing insulin resistance and the resultant hyperglycemia elicits a compensatory response from pancreatic islet beta cells (β-cells) that involves increases in β-cell function and β-cell mass. However, the sustained metabolic stress eventually leads to β-cell failure characterized by severe β-cell dysfunction and progressive loss of β-cell mass. Whereas, β-cell dysfunction is relatively well understood at the mechanistic level, the avenues leading to loss of β-cell mass are less clear with reduced proliferation, dedifferentiation, and apoptosis all potential mechanisms. Butler and colleagues documented increased β-cell apoptosis in pancreas from lean and obese human Type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects, with no changes in rates of β-cell replication or neogenesis, strongly suggesting a role for apoptosis in β-cell failure. Here, we describe a permissive role for TGF-β/Smad3 in β-cell apoptosis. Human islets undergoing β-cell apoptosis release increased levels of TGF-β1 ligand and phosphorylation levels of TGF-β's chief transcription factor, Smad3, are increased in human T2D islets suggestive of an autocrine role for TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in β-cell apoptosis. Smad3 phosphorylation is similarly increased in diabetic mouse islets undergoing β-cell apoptosis. In mice, β-cell-specific activation of Smad3 promotes apoptosis and loss of β-cell mass in association with β-cell dysfunction, glucose intolerance, and diabetes. In contrast, inactive Smad3 protects from apoptosis and preserves β-cell mass while improving β-cell function and glucose tolerance. At the molecular level, Smad3 associates with Foxo1 to propagate TGF-β-dependent β-cell apoptosis. Indeed, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of TGF-β/Smad3 signals or knocking down Foxo1 protects from β-cell apoptosis. These findings reveal the importance of TGF-β/Smad3 in promoting β-cell apoptosis and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of TGF-β/Smad3 antagonism to restore β-cell mass lost in diabetes.
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32
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Xu Z, You W, Liu J, Wang Y, Shan T. Elucidating the Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Brown, White, and Beige Adipocytes. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:447-460. [PMID: 31355852 PMCID: PMC7442421 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases has heightened the importance of understanding control of adipose tissue development and energy metabolism. In mammals, 3 types of adipocytes with different characteristics and origins have been identified: white, brown, and beige. Beige and brown adipocytes contain numerous mitochondria and have the capability to burn energy and counteract obesity, while white adipocytes store energy and are closely associated with metabolic disorders and obesity. Thus, regulation of the development and function of different adipocytes is important for controlling energy balance and combating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Melatonin is a neurohormone, which plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation, blood pressure, insulin actions, and energy metabolism. This article summarizes and discusses the role of melatonin in white, beige, and brown adipocytes, especially in affecting adipogenesis, inducing beige formation or white adipose tissue browning, enhancing brown adipose tissue mass and activities, improving anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, regulating adipokine secretion, and preventing body weight gain. Based on the current findings, melatonin is a potential therapeutic agent to control energy metabolism, adipogenesis, fat deposition, adiposity, and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China,Address correspondence to TS (E-mail: )
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33
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Leménager H, Fiévet LMA, Guilloton F, Naji A, Descamps JG, Chaput B, Suganuma N, Pagès JC, Sensebé L, Carrière A, Casteilla L, Deschaseaux F. Cell immaturity and white/beige adipocyte potential of primary human adipose-derived stromal cells are restrained by culture-medium TGFβ1. Stem Cells 2020; 38:782-796. [PMID: 32083764 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) can differentiate into specialized cell types and thereby contribute to tissue regeneration. As such, hASCs have drawn increasing attention in cell therapy and regenerative medicine, not to mention the ease to isolate them from donors. Culture conditions are critical for expanding hASCs while maintaining optimal therapeutic capabilities. Here, we identified a role for transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in culture medium in influencing the fate of hASCs during in vitro cell expansion. Human ASCs obtained after expansion in standard culture medium (Standard-hASCs) and in endothelial cell growth medium 2 (EGM2-hASCs) were characterized by high-throughput transcriptional studies, gene set enrichment analysis and functional properties. EGM2-hASCs exhibited enhanced multipotency capabilities and an immature phenotype compared with Standard-hASCs. Moreover, the adipogenic potential of EGM2-hASCs was enhanced, including toward beige adipogenesis, compared with Standard-hASCs. In these conditions, TGFβ1 acts as a critical factor affecting the immaturity and multipotency of Standard-hASCs, as suggested by small mother of decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) nuclear localization and phosphorylation in Standard-hASCs vs EGM2-hASCs. Finally, the typical priming of Standard-hASCs into osteoblast, chondroblast, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) lineages was counteracted by pharmacological inhibition of the TGFβ1 receptor, which allowed retention of SMAD3 into the cytoplasm and a decrease in expression of osteoblast and VSMC lineage markers. Overall, the TGFβ1 pathway appears critical in influencing the commitment of hASCs toward osteoblast, chondroblast, and VSMC lineages, thus reducing their adipogenic potential. These effects can be counteracted by using EGM2 culture medium or chemical inhibition of the TGFβ1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Leménager
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc M A Fiévet
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Guilloton
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Abderrahim Naji
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School (KMS), Kochi University, Nankoku City, Japan
| | - Jean-Gérard Descamps
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Benoît Chaput
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School (KMS), Kochi University, Nankoku City, Japan
| | - Jean-Christophe Pagès
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Sensebé
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Carrière
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Deschaseaux
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
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34
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Marcelin G, Da Cunha C, Gamblin C, Suffee N, Rouault C, Leclerc A, Lacombe A, Sokolovska N, Gautier EL, Clément K, Dugail I. Autophagy inhibition blunts PDGFRA adipose progenitors' cell-autonomous fibrogenic response to high-fat diet. Autophagy 2020; 16:2156-2166. [PMID: 31992125 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1717129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) fibrosis in obesity compromises adipocyte functions and responses to intervention-induced weight loss. It is driven by AT progenitors with dual fibro/adipogenic potential, but pro-fibrogenic pathways activated in obesity remain to be deciphered. To investigate the role of macroautophagy/autophagy in AT fibrogenesis, we used Pdgfra-CreErt2 transgenic mice to create conditional deletion of Atg7 alleles in AT progenitor cells (atg7 cKO) and examined sex-dependent, depot-specific AT remodeling in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Mice with atg7 cKO had markedly decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression in visceral, subcutaneous, and epicardial adipose depots compared to Atg7lox/lox littermates. ECM gene program regulation by autophagy inhibition occurred independently of changes in the mass of fat tissues or adipocyte numbers of specific depots, and cultured preadipocytes treated with pharmacological or siRNA-mediated autophagy disruptors could mimic these effects. We found that autophagy inhibition promotes global cell-autonomous remodeling of the paracrine TGF-BMP family landscape, whereas ECM gene modulation was independent of the autophagic regulation of GTF2IRD1. The progenitor-specific mouse model of ATG7 inhibition confirms the requirement of autophagy for white/beige adipocyte turnover, and combined to in vitro experiments, reveal progenitor autophagy dependence for AT fibrogenic response to HFD, through the paracrine remodeling of TGF-BMP factors balance. Abbreviations: CQ: chloroquine; ECM: extracellular matrix; EpiAT: epididymal adipose tissue; GTF2IRD1: general transcription factor II I repeat domain-containing 1; HFD: high-fat diet; KO: knockout; OvAT: ovarian adipose tissue; PDGFR: platelet derived growth factor receptor; ScAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; TGF-BMP: transforming growth factor-bone morphogenic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Da Cunha
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
| | - Camille Gamblin
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
| | | | | | - Arnaud Leclerc
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
| | - Amelie Lacombe
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris, France
| | | | | | - Karine Clément
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France.,Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition department, Asssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
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Vijay J, Gauthier MF, Biswell RL, Louiselle DA, Johnston JJ, Cheung WA, Belden B, Pramatarova A, Biertho L, Gibson M, Simon MM, Djambazian H, Staffa A, Bourque G, Laitinen A, Nystedt J, Vohl MC, Fraser JD, Pastinen T, Tchernof A, Grundberg E. Single-cell analysis of human adipose tissue identifies depot and disease specific cell types. Nat Metab 2020; 2:97-109. [PMID: 32066997 PMCID: PMC7025882 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The complex relationship between metabolic disease risk and body fat distribution in humans involves cellular characteristics which are specific to body fat compartments. Here we show depot-specific differences in the stromal vascual fraction of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue by performing single-cell RNA sequencing of tissue specimen from obese individuals. We characterize multiple immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipose and hematopoietic stem cell progenitors. Subpopulations of adipose-resident immune cells are metabolically active and associated with metabolic disease status and those include a population of potential dysfunctional CD8+ T cells expressing metallothioneins. We identify multiple types of adipocyte progenitors that are common across depots, including a subtype enriched in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Depot-specific analysis reveals a class of adipocyte progenitors unique to visceral adipose tissue, which shares common features with beige preadipocytes. Our human single-cell transcriptome atlas across fat depots provides a resource to dissect functional genomics of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchu Vijay
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca L Biswell
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Daniel A Louiselle
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Johnston
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Warren A Cheung
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Bradley Belden
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Albena Pramatarova
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Margaret Gibson
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Haig Djambazian
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alfredo Staffa
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason D Fraser
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - André Tchernof
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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Keuper M. On the role of macrophages in the control of adipocyte energy metabolism. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:R105-R121. [PMID: 31085768 PMCID: PMC6590200 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The crosstalk between macrophages (MΦ) and adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) influences obesity-associated insulin resistance and other associated metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. MΦ infiltration is increased in WAT during obesity, which is linked to decreased mitochondrial content and activity. The mechanistic interplay between MΦ and mitochondrial function of adipocytes is under intense investigation, as MΦ and inflammatory pathways exhibit a pivotal role in the reprogramming of WAT metabolism in physiological responses during cold, fasting and exercise. Thus, the underlying immunometabolic pathways may offer therapeutic targets to correct obesity and metabolic disease. Here, I review the current knowledge on the quantity and the quality of human adipose tissue macrophages (ATMΦ) and their impact on the bioenergetics of human adipocytes. The effects of ATMΦ and their secreted factors on mitochondrial function of white adipocytes are discussed, including recent research on MΦ as part of an immune signaling cascade involved in the 'browning' of WAT, which is defined as the conversion from white, energy-storing adipocytes into brown, energy-dissipating adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Keuper
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yao X, Dani V, Dani C. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Relevant Model to Identify Pathways Governing Thermogenic Adipocyte Generation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:932. [PMID: 32038489 PMCID: PMC6990109 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown and brown-like adipocytes (BAs) are promising cell targets to counteract obesity thanks to their potential to drain and oxidize circulating glucose and triglycerides. However, the scarcity of BAs in human adults is a major limitation for energy expenditure based therapies. Enhanced characterization of BA progenitor cells (BAPs) and identification of critical pathways regulating their generation and differentiation into mature BAs would be an effective way to increase the BA mass. The identification of molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of thermogenic adipocytes is progressing substantially in mice. Much less is known in humans, thus highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human adipocyte development. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), i.e., embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, help gain insight into the different phases in the development of multiple cell types. We will discuss the capacity of human PSCs to differentiate into BAs in this review. Several groups, including ours, have reported low spontaneous adipocyte generation from PSCs. However, factors governing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived BA progenitors cells were recently identified, and the TGFβ signaling pathway has a pivotal role. The development of new relevant methods, such as the differentiation of hPSC-BAPs into 3D adipospheres to better mimick the lobular structure of human adipose tissue, will also be discussed. Differentiation of human PSCs into thermogenic adipocytes at high frequency provides an opportunity to characterize new targets for anti-obesity therapy.
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