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Diane A, Allouch A, Mu-U-Min RBA, Al-Siddiqi HH. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β-cell dysfunctionality and diabetes mellitus: a promising target for generation of functional hPSC-derived β-cells in vitro. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1386471. [PMID: 38966213 PMCID: PMC11222326 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1386471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), is a chronic disorder characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis that results from the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells leading to type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), respectively. Pancreatic β-cells rely to a great degree on their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to overcome the increased secretary need for insulin biosynthesis and secretion in response to nutrient demand to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body. As a result, β-cells are potentially under ER stress following nutrient levels rise in the circulation for a proper pro-insulin folding mediated by the unfolded protein response (UPR), underscoring the importance of this process to maintain ER homeostasis for normal β-cell function. However, excessive or prolonged increased influx of nascent proinsulin into the ER lumen can exceed the ER capacity leading to pancreatic β-cells ER stress and subsequently to β-cell dysfunction. In mammalian cells, such as β-cells, the ER stress response is primarily regulated by three canonical ER-resident transmembrane proteins: ATF6, IRE1, and PERK/PEK. Each of these proteins generates a transcription factor (ATF4, XBP1s, and ATF6, respectively), which in turn activates the transcription of ER stress-inducible genes. An increasing number of evidence suggests that unresolved or dysregulated ER stress signaling pathways play a pivotal role in β-cell failure leading to insulin secretion defect and diabetes. In this article we first highlight and summarize recent insights on the role of ER stress and its associated signaling mechanisms on β-cell function and diabetes and second how the ER stress pathways could be targeted in vitro during direct differentiation protocols for generation of hPSC-derived pancreatic β-cells to faithfully phenocopy all features of bona fide human β-cells for diabetes therapy or drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Diane
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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Aseer KR, Mazucanti CH, O'Connell JF, González-Mariscal I, Verma A, Yao Q, Dunn C, Liu QR, Egan JM, Doyle ME. Beta cell specific cannabinoid 1 receptor deletion counteracts progression to hyperglycemia in non-obese diabetic mice. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101906. [PMID: 38423253 PMCID: PMC10940176 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs because of islet infiltration by autoreactive immune cells leading to destruction of beta cells and it is becoming evident that beta cell dysfunction partakes in this process. We previously reported that genetic deletion and pharmacological antagonism of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) in mice improves insulin synthesis and secretion, upregulates glucose sensing machinery, favors beta cell survival by reducing apoptosis, and enhances beta cell proliferation. Moreover, beta cell specific deletion of CB1 protected mice fed a high fat high sugar diet against islet inflammation and beta cell dysfunction. Therefore, we hypothesized that it would mitigate the dysfunction of beta cells in the precipitating events leading to T1D. METHODS We genetically deleted CB1 specifically from beta cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD; NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1fl/fl) mice. We evaluated female NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1fl/fl mice and their NOD RIP Cre-Cnr1fl/fl and NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1Wt/Wt littermates for onset of hyperglycemia over 26 weeks. We also examined islet morphology, islet infiltration by immune cells and beta cell function and proliferation. RESULTS Beta cell specific deletion of CB1 in NOD mice significantly reduced the incidence of hyperglycemia by preserving beta cell function and mass. Deletion also prevented beta cell apoptosis and aggressive insulitis in NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1fl/fl mice compared to wild-type littermates. NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1fl/fl islets maintained normal morphology with no evidence of beta cell dedifferentiation or appearance of extra islet beta cells, indicating that protection from autoimmunity is inherent to genetic deletion of beta cell CB1. Pancreatic lymph node Treg cells were significantly higher in NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1fl/flvs NOD RIP Cre-Cnr1fl/fl. CONCLUSIONS Collectively these data demonstrate how protection of beta cells from metabolic stress during the active phase of T1D can ameliorate destructive insulitis and provides evidence for CB1 as a potential pharmacologic target in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanikkai Raja Aseer
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Caio Henrique Mazucanti
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Isabel González-Mariscal
- Inserm UMR1190 - Translational Research of Diabetes, Pôle recherche 3ème Ouest, 1, place de Verdun 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Anjali Verma
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Qin Yao
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher Dunn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Máire E Doyle
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Ali Q, Ma S, Liu B, Niu J, Liu M, Mustafa A, Li D, Wang Z, Sun H, Cui Y, Shi Y. Supplementing Ryegrass Ameliorates Commercial Diet-Induced Gut Microbial Dysbiosis-Associated Spleen Dysfunctions by Gut-Microbiota-Spleen Axis. Nutrients 2024; 16:747. [PMID: 38474875 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The type and composition of food strongly affect the variation and enrichment of the gut microbiota. The gut-microbiota-spleen axis has been developed, incorporating the spleen's function and maturation. However, how short-chain fatty-acid-producing gut microbiota can be considered to recover spleen function, particularly in spleens damaged by changed gut microbiota, is unknown in geese. Therefore, the gut microbial composition of the caecal chyme of geese was assessed by 16S rRNA microbial genes, and a Tax4Fun analysis identified the enrichment of KEGG orthologues involved in lipopolysaccharide production. The concentrations of LPS, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant/oxidant enzymes, and immunoglobulins were measured from serum samples and spleen tissues using ELISA kits. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was employed to detect the Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2), B cell and T cell targeting markers, and anti-inflammatory/inflammatory cytokines from the spleen tissues of geese. The SCFAs were determined from the caecal chyme of geese by using gas chromatography. In this study, ryegrass-enriched gut microbiota such as Eggerthellaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, and Lachnospiraceae attenuated commercial diet-induced gut microbial alterations and spleen dysfunctions in geese. Ryegrass significantly improved the SCFAs (acetic, butyric, propionic, isovaleric, and valeric acids), AMPK pathway-activated Nrf2 redox signaling cascades, B cells (B220, CD19, and IgD), and T cells (CD3, CD4, CD8, and IL-2, with an exception of IL-17 and TGF-β) to activate anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) in geese. In conclusion, ryegrass-improved reprogramming of the gut microbiota restored the spleen functions by attenuating LPS-induced oxidative stress and systemic inflammation through the gut-microbiota-spleen axis in geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Ali
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Sen Ma
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiakuan Niu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ahsan Mustafa
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Defeng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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F De Jesus D, Zhang Z, Brown NK, Li X, Xiao L, Hu J, Gaffrey MJ, Fogarty G, Kahraman S, Wei J, Basile G, Rana TM, Mathews C, Powers AC, Parent AV, Atkinson MA, Dhe-Paganon S, Eizirik DL, Qian WJ, He C, Kulkarni RN. Redox regulation of m 6A methyltransferase METTL3 in β-cells controls the innate immune response in type 1 diabetes. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:421-437. [PMID: 38409327 PMCID: PMC11042681 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Several observations have renewed the interest in β-cell RNA sensors and editors. Here, we report that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an adaptive β-cell safeguard mechanism that controls the amplitude and duration of the antiviral innate immune response at T1D onset. m6A writer methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) levels increase drastically in β-cells at T1D onset but rapidly decline with disease progression. m6A sequencing revealed the m6A hypermethylation of several key innate immune mediators, including OAS1, OAS2, OAS3 and ADAR1 in human islets and EndoC-βH1 cells at T1D onset. METTL3 silencing enhanced 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase levels by increasing its mRNA stability. Consistently, in vivo gene therapy to prolong Mettl3 overexpression specifically in β-cells delayed diabetes progression in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of T1D. Mechanistically, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species blocked upregulation of METTL3 in response to cytokines, while physiological levels of nitric oxide enhanced METTL3 levels and activity. Furthermore, we report that the cysteines in position C276 and C326 in the zinc finger domains of the METTL3 protein are sensitive to S-nitrosylation and are important to the METTL3-mediated regulation of oligoadenylate synthase mRNA stability in human β-cells. Collectively, we report that m6A regulates the innate immune response at the β-cell level during the onset of T1D in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalie K Brown
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ling Xiao
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Garrett Fogarty
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tariq M Rana
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Clayton Mathews
- Department of Pathology, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wenzlau JM, Peterson OJ, Vomund AN, DiLisio JE, Hohenstein A, Haskins K, Wan X. Mapping of a hybrid insulin peptide in the inflamed islet β-cells from NOD mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348131. [PMID: 38455055 PMCID: PMC10917911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that pathogenic T cells in T1D recognize epitopes formed by post-translational modifications of β-cell antigens, including hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs). The ligands for several CD4 T-cell clones derived from the NOD mouse are HIPs composed of a fragment of proinsulin joined to peptides from endogenous β-cell granule proteins. The diabetogenic T-cell clone BDC-6.9 reacts to a fragment of C-peptide fused to a cleavage product of pro-islet amyloid polypeptide (6.9HIP). In this study, we used a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the 6.9HIP to determine when and where HIP antigens are present in NOD islets during disease progression and with which immune cells they associate. Immunogold labeling of the 6.9HIP MAb and organelle-specific markers for electron microscopy were employed to map the subcellular compartment(s) in which the HIP is localized within β-cells. While the insulin B9-23 peptide was present in nearly all islets, the 6.9HIP MAb stained infiltrated islets only in NOD mice at advanced stages of T1D development. Islets co-stained with the 6.9HIP MAb and antibodies to mark insulin, macrophages, and dendritic cells indicate that 6.9HIP co-localizes within insulin-positive β-cells as well as intra-islet antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In electron micrographs, the 6.9HIP co-localized with granule structures containing insulin alone or both insulin and LAMP1 within β-cells. Exposing NOD islets to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer tunicamycin significantly increased levels of 6.9HIP in subcellular fractions containing crinosomes and dense-core granules (DCGs). This work demonstrates that the 6.9HIP can be visualized in the infiltrated islets and suggests that intra-islet APCs may acquire and present HIP antigens within islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Wenzlau
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Orion J. Peterson
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anthony N. Vomund
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James E. DiLisio
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Anita Hohenstein
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kathryn Haskins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Wan
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Cota P, Caliskan ÖS, Bastidas-Ponce A, Jing C, Jaki J, Saber L, Czarnecki O, Taskin D, Blöchinger AK, Kurth T, Sterr M, Burtscher I, Krahmer N, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Insulin regulates human pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation in vitro. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101853. [PMID: 38103636 PMCID: PMC10765254 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The consequences of mutations in genes associated with monogenic forms of diabetes on human pancreas development cannot be studied in a time-resolved fashion in vivo. More specifically, if recessive mutations in the insulin gene influence human pancreatic endocrine lineage formation is still an unresolved question. METHODS To model the extremely reduced insulin levels in patients with recessive insulin gene mutations, we generated a novel knock-in H2B-Cherry reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line expressing no insulin upon differentiation to stem cell-derived (SC-) β cells in vitro. Differentiation of iPSCs into the pancreatic and endocrine lineage, combined with immunostaining, Western blotting and proteomics analysis phenotypically characterized the insulin gene deficiency in SC-islets. Furthermore, we leveraged FACS analysis and confocal microscopy to explore the impact of insulin shortage on human endocrine cell induction, composition, differentiation and proliferation. RESULTS Interestingly, insulin-deficient SC-islets exhibited low insulin receptor (IR) signaling when stimulated with glucose but displayed increased IR sensitivity upon treatment with exogenous insulin. Furthermore, insulin shortage did not alter neurogenin-3 (NGN3)-mediated endocrine lineage induction. Nevertheless, lack of insulin skewed the SC-islet cell composition with an increased number in SC-β cell formation at the expense of SC-α cells. Finally, insulin deficiency reduced the rate of SC-β cell proliferation but had no impact on the expansion of SC-α cells. CONCLUSIONS Using iPSC disease modelling, we provide first evidence of insulin function in human pancreatic endocrine lineage formation. These findings help to better understand the phenotypic impact of recessive insulin gene mutations during pancreas development and shed light on insulin gene function beside its physiological role in blood glucose regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Cota
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Özüm Sehnaz Caliskan
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Changying Jing
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Munich medical research school (MMRS), Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Jaki
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lama Saber
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Czarnecki
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Damla Taskin
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Karolina Blöchinger
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technology Platform Core Facility Electron Microscopy and Histology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Krahmer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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7
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Lee H, Sahin GS, Chen CW, Sonthalia S, Cañas SM, Oktay HZ, Duckworth AT, Brawerman G, Thompson PJ, Hatzoglou M, Eizirik DL, Engin F. Stress-induced β cell early senescence confers protection against type 1 diabetes. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2200-2215.e9. [PMID: 37949065 PMCID: PMC10842515 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
During the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D), β cells are exposed to significant stress and, therefore, require adaptive responses to survive. The adaptive mechanisms that can preserve β cell function and survival in the face of autoimmunity remain unclear. Here, we show that the deletion of the unfolded protein response (UPR) genes Atf6α or Ire1α in β cells of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice prior to insulitis generates a p21-driven early senescence phenotype and alters the β cell secretome that significantly enhances the leukemia inhibitory factor-mediated recruitment of M2 macrophages to islets. Consequently, M2 macrophages promote anti-inflammatory responses and immune surveillance that cause the resolution of islet inflammation, the removal of terminally senesced β cells, the reduction of β cell apoptosis, and protection against T1D. We further demonstrate that the p21-mediated early senescence signature is conserved in the residual β cells of T1D patients. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized link between β cell UPR and senescence that, if leveraged, may represent a novel preventive strategy for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gulcan Semra Sahin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chien-Wen Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shreyash Sonthalia
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sandra Marín Cañas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hulya Zeynep Oktay
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexander T Duckworth
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gabriel Brawerman
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter J Thompson
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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8
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James EA, Joglekar AV, Linnemann AK, Russ HA, Kent SC. The beta cell-immune cell interface in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Mol Metab 2023; 78:101809. [PMID: 37734713 PMCID: PMC10622886 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T1D is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islets of Langerhans are infiltrated by immune cells resulting in the specific destruction of insulin-producing islet beta cells. Our understanding of the factors leading to islet infiltration and the interplay of the immune cells with target beta cells is incomplete, especially in human disease. While murine models of T1D have provided crucial information for both beta cell and autoimmune cell function, the translation of successful therapies in the murine model to human disease has been a challenge. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we discuss current state of the art and consider knowledge gaps concerning the interface of the islet beta cell with immune infiltrates, with a focus on T cells. We discuss pancreatic and immune cell phenotypes and their impact on cell function in health and disease, which we deem important to investigate further to attain a more comprehensive understanding of human T1D disease etiology. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The last years have seen accelerated development of approaches that allow comprehensive study of human T1D. Critically, recent studies have contributed to our revised understanding that the pancreatic beta cell assumes an active role, rather than a passive position, during autoimmune disease progression. The T cell-beta cell interface is a critical axis that dictates beta cell fate and shapes autoimmune responses. This includes the state of the beta cell after processing internal and external cues (e.g., stress, inflammation, genetic risk) that that contributes to the breaking of tolerance by hyperexpression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I with presentation of native and neoepitopes and secretion of chemotactic factors to attract immune cells. We anticipate that emerging insights about the molecular and cellular aspects of disease initiation and progression processes will catalyze the development of novel and innovative intervention points to provide additional therapies to individuals affected by T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie A James
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alok V Joglekar
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amelia K Linnemann
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sally C Kent
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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9
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Thompson PJ, Pipella J, Rutter GA, Gaisano HY, Santamaria P. Islet autoimmunity in human type 1 diabetes: initiation and progression from the perspective of the beta cell. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1971-1982. [PMID: 37488322 PMCID: PMC10542715 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes results from the poorly understood process of islet autoimmunity, which ultimately leads to the loss of functional pancreatic beta cells. Mounting evidence supports the notion that the activation and evolution of islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible people is contingent upon early life exposures affecting the islets, especially beta cells. Here, we review some of the recent advances and studies that highlight the roles of these changes as well as antigen presentation and stress response pathways in beta cells in the onset and propagation of the autoimmune process in type 1 diabetes. Future progress in this area holds promise for advancing islet- and beta cell-directed therapies that could be implemented in the early stages of the disease and could be combined with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Thompson
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Jasmine Pipella
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Guy A Rutter
- CRCHUM and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological College, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Herbert Y Gaisano
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Hrovatin K, Bastidas-Ponce A, Bakhti M, Zappia L, Büttner M, Salinno C, Sterr M, Böttcher A, Migliorini A, Lickert H, Theis FJ. Delineating mouse β-cell identity during lifetime and in diabetes with a single cell atlas. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1615-1637. [PMID: 37697055 PMCID: PMC10513934 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple pancreatic islet single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets have been generated, a consensus on pancreatic cell states in development, homeostasis and diabetes as well as the value of preclinical animal models is missing. Here, we present an scRNA-seq cross-condition mouse islet atlas (MIA), a curated resource for interactive exploration and computational querying. We integrate over 300,000 cells from nine scRNA-seq datasets consisting of 56 samples, varying in age, sex and diabetes models, including an autoimmune type 1 diabetes model (NOD), a glucotoxicity/lipotoxicity type 2 diabetes model (db/db) and a chemical streptozotocin β-cell ablation model. The β-cell landscape of MIA reveals new cell states during disease progression and cross-publication differences between previously suggested marker genes. We show that β-cells in the streptozotocin model transcriptionally correlate with those in human type 2 diabetes and mouse db/db models, but are less similar to human type 1 diabetes and mouse NOD β-cells. We also report pathways that are shared between β-cells in immature, aged and diabetes models. MIA enables a comprehensive analysis of β-cell responses to different stressors, providing a roadmap for the understanding of β-cell plasticity, compensation and demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hrovatin
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luke Zappia
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Maren Büttner
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ciro Salinno
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Migliorini
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Medical Faculty, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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11
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Eizirik DL, Szymczak F, Mallone R. Why does the immune system destroy pancreatic β-cells but not α-cells in type 1 diabetes? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:425-434. [PMID: 37072614 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
A perplexing feature of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is that the immune system destroys pancreatic β-cells but not neighbouring α-cells, even though both β-cells and α-cells are dysfunctional. Dysfunction, however, progresses to death only for β-cells. Recent findings indicate important differences between these two cell types. First, expression of BCL2L1, a key antiapoptotic gene, is higher in α-cells than in β-cells. Second, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes are differentially expressed, with higher expression levels of pro-apoptotic CHOP in β-cells than in α-cells and higher expression levels of HSPA5 (which encodes the protective chaperone BiP) in α-cells than in β-cells. Third, expression of viral recognition and innate immune response genes is higher in α-cells than in β-cells, contributing to the enhanced resistance of α-cells to coxsackievirus infection. Fourth, expression of the immune-inhibitory HLA-E molecule is higher in α-cells than in β-cells. Of note, α-cells are less immunogenic than β-cells, and the CD8+ T cells invading the islets in T1D are reactive to pre-proinsulin but not to glucagon. We suggest that this finding is a result of the enhanced capacity of the α-cell to endure viral infections and ER stress, which enables them to better survive early stressors that can cause cell death and consequently amplify antigen presentation to the immune system. Moreover, the processing of the pre-proglucagon precursor in enteroendocrine cells might favour immune tolerance towards this potential self-antigen compared to pre-proinsulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decio L Eizirik
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Florian Szymczak
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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12
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Iyer S, Adams DJ. Bone and the Unfolded Protein Response: In Sickness and in Health. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:96-109. [PMID: 37243756 PMCID: PMC10326125 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation and optimal function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are contingent on synthesis and maintenance of a healthy proteome. Impaired and/or altered secretory capacity of these skeletal cells is a primary driver of most skeletal diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) orchestrates the folding and maturation of membrane as well as secreted proteins at high rates within a calcium rich and oxidative organellar niche. Three ER membrane proteins monitor fidelity of protein processing in the ER and initiate an intricate signaling cascade known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) to remediate accumulation of misfolded proteins in its lumen, a condition referred to as ER stress. The UPR aids in fine-tuning, expanding and/or modifying the cellular proteome, especially in specialized secretory cells, to match everchanging physiologic cues and metabolic demands. Sustained activation of the UPR due to chronic ER stress, however, is known to hasten cell death and drive pathophysiology of several diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ER stress and an aberrant UPR may contribute to poor skeletal health and the development of osteoporosis. Small molecule therapeutics that target distinct components of the UPR may therefore have implications for developing novel treatment modalities relevant to the skeleton. This review summarizes the complexity of UPR actions in bone cells in the context of skeletal physiology and osteoporotic bone loss, and highlights the need for future mechanistic studies to develop novel UPR therapeutics that mitigate adverse skeletal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Iyer
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Mailstop:8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Douglas J Adams
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Mailstop:8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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de Sousa Fernandes MS, Badicu G, Santos GCJ, Filgueira TO, Henrique RDS, de Souza RF, Aidar FJ, Souto FO, Brum PC, Lagranha CJ. Physical Exercise Decreases Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Central and Peripheral Tissues of Rodents: A Systematic Review. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1082-1096. [PMID: 37366786 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) affects many tissues and contributes to the development and severity of chronic diseases. In contrast, regular physical exercise (PE) has been considered a powerful tool to prevent and control several chronic diseases. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of different PE protocols on ER stress markers in central and peripheral tissues in rodents. The eligibility criteria were based on PICOS (population: rodents; intervention: physical exercise/physical training; control: animals that did not undergo training; outcomes: endoplasmic reticulum stress; studies: experimental). The PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, and Scielo databases were analyzed systematically. Quality assessment was performed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The results were qualitatively synthesized. Initially, we obtained a total of 2.490 articles. After excluding duplicates, 30 studies were considered eligible. Sixteen studies were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria. Therefore, 14 articles were included. The PE protocol showed decreased levels/expression of markers of ER stress in the central and peripheral tissues of rodents. PE can decrease ER stress by reducing cellular stress in the cardiac, brain, and skeletal muscle tissues in rodents. However, robust PE protocols must be considered, including frequency, duration, and intensity, to optimize the PE benefits of counteracting ER stress and its associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 507400-600, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500068 Brasov, Romania
| | | | - Tayrine Ordonio Filgueira
- Graduate Program in Applied Health Biology, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 507400-600, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos Henrique
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 507400-600, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fabrício de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Oliveira Souto
- Graduate Program in Applied Health Biology, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 507400-600, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Chakur Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Jacques Lagranha
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 507400-600, Pernambuco, Brazil
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14
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Corral-Pujol M, Arpa B, Rosell-Mases E, Egia-Mendikute L, Mora C, Stratmann T, Sanchez A, Casanovas A, Esquerda JE, Mauricio D, Vives-Pi M, Verdaguer J. NOD mouse dorsal root ganglia display morphological and gene expression defects before and during autoimmune diabetes development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1176566. [PMID: 37334284 PMCID: PMC10272810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1176566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the development of Autoimmune Diabetes (AD) an autoimmune attack against the Peripheral Nervous System occurs. To gain insight into this topic, analyses of Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) from Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice were carried out. Methods Histopathological analysis by electron and optical microscopy in DRG samples, and mRNA expression analyzes by the microarray technique in DRG and blood leukocyte samples from NOD and C57BL/6 mice were performed. Results The results showed the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles in DRG cells early in life that could be related to a neurodegenerative process. In view of these results, mRNA expression analyses were conducted to determine the cause and/or the molecules involved in this suspected disorder. The results showed that DRG cells from NOD mice have alterations in the transcription of a wide range of genes, which explain the previously observed alterations. In addition, differences in the transcription genes in white blood cells were also detected. Discussion Taken together, these results indicate that functional defects are not only seen in beta cells but also in DRG in NOD mice. These results also indicate that these defects are not a consequence of the autoimmune process that takes place in NOD mice and suggest that they may be involved as triggers for its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Corral-Pujol
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Berta Arpa
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Estela Rosell-Mases
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Leire Egia-Mendikute
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Conchi Mora
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Thomas Stratmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Sanchez
- Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Casanovas
- Patologia Neuromuscular Experimental Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Josep Enric Esquerda
- Patologia Neuromuscular Experimental Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Verdaguer
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Tran DT, Pottekat A, Lee K, Raghunathan M, Loguercio S, Mir SA, Paton AW, Paton JC, Arvan P, Kaufman RJ, Itkin-Ansari P. Inflammatory Cytokines Rewire the Proinsulin Interaction Network in Human Islets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3100-3110. [PMID: 36017587 PMCID: PMC10233482 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aberrant biosynthesis and secretion of the insulin precursor proinsulin occurs in both type I and type II diabetes. Inflammatory cytokines are implicated in pancreatic islet stress and dysfunction in both forms of diabetes, but the mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the effect of the diabetes-associated cytokines on proinsulin folding, trafficking, secretion, and β-cell function. METHODS Human islets were treated with interleukin-1β and interferon-γ for 48 hours, followed by analysis of interleukin-6, nitrite, proinsulin and insulin release, RNA sequencing, and unbiased profiling of the proinsulin interactome by affinity purification-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Cytokine treatment induced secretion of interleukin-6, nitrites, and insulin, as well as aberrant release of proinsulin. RNA sequencing showed that cytokines upregulated genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress, and, consistent with this, affinity purification-mass spectrometry revealed cytokine induced proinsulin binding to multiple endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and oxidoreductases. Moreover, increased binding to the chaperone immunoglobulin binding protein was required to maintain proper proinsulin folding in the inflammatory environment. Cytokines also regulated novel interactions between proinsulin and type 1 and type 2 diabetes genome-wide association studies candidate proteins not previously known to interact with proinsulin (eg, Ataxin-2). Finally, cytokines induced proinsulin interactions with a cluster of microtubule motor proteins and chemical destabilization of microtubules with Nocodazole exacerbated cytokine induced proinsulin secretion. CONCLUSION Together, the data shed new light on mechanisms by which diabetes-associated cytokines dysregulate β-cell function. For the first time, we show that even short-term exposure to an inflammatory environment reshapes proinsulin interactions with critical chaperones and regulators of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc T Tran
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Plexium, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anita Pottekat
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kouta Lee
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Megha Raghunathan
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Saiful A Mir
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Peter Arvan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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16
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bradu P, Sukumar A, Patil M, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, George A, Ganesan R. Implications of cancer stem cells in diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Life Sci 2022; 312:121211. [PMID: 36414089 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a detailed study of pancreatic cancer (PC) and the implication of different types of cancers concerning diabetes. The combination of anti-diabetic drugs with other anti-cancer drugs and phytochemicals can help prevent and treat this disease. PC cancer stem cells (CSCs) and how they migrate and develop into malignant tumors are discussed. A detailed explanation of the different mechanisms of diabetes development, which can enhance the pancreatic CSCs' proliferation by increasing the IGF factor levels, epigenetic modifications, DNA damage, and the influence of lifestyle factors like obesity, and inflammation, has been discussed. It also explains how cancer due to diabetes is associated with high mortality rates. One of the well-known diabetic drugs, metformin, can be combined with other anti-cancer drugs and prevent the development of PC and has been taken as one of the prime focus in this review. Overall, this paper provides insight into the relationship between diabetes and PC and the methods that can be employed to diagnose this disease at an earlier stage successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Pragya Bradu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Aarthi Sukumar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Megha Patil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda - 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
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Kulkarni A, Muralidharan C, May SC, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Inside the β Cell: Molecular Stress Response Pathways in Diabetes Pathogenesis. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6783239. [PMID: 36317483 PMCID: PMC9667558 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pathogeneses of the 2 major forms of diabetes, type 1 and type 2, differ with respect to their major molecular insults (loss of immune tolerance and onset of tissue insulin resistance, respectively). However, evidence suggests that dysfunction and/or death of insulin-producing β-cells is common to virtually all forms of diabetes. Although the mechanisms underlying β-cell dysfunction remain incompletely characterized, recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of the molecular pathways that contribute to the demise of the β-cell. Cellular and environmental factors contribute to β-cell dysfunction/loss through the activation of molecular pathways that exacerbate endoplasmic reticulum stress, the integrated stress response, oxidative stress, and impaired autophagy. Whereas many of these stress responsive pathways are interconnected, their individual contributions to glucose homeostasis and β-cell health have been elucidated through the development and interrogation of animal models. In these studies, genetic models and pharmacological compounds have enabled the identification of genes and proteins specifically involved in β-cell dysfunction during diabetes pathogenesis. Here, we review the critical stress response pathways that are activated in β cells in the context of the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah C May
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Correspondence: Raghavendra G. Mirmira, MD, PhD, Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St, KCBD 8132, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Ermakova P, Kashirina A, Kornilova I, Bogomolova A, Myalik D, Naraliev N, Kuchin D, Lugovaya L, Zagaynova E, Zagainov V, Kashina A. Contrast-Free FLIM Reveals Metabolic Changes in Pathological Islets of Langerhans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213728. [PMID: 36430204 PMCID: PMC9698393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy) is a powerful tool that could be used in the future to diagnose islet cell recovery after therapy. The identification of appropriate FLIM parameters is required to determine islet quality and islet cell metabolism throughout the organ under various conditions of insulin deficiency. The aim of the work was to identify key FLIM parameters, changes of which are characteristic of pancreatic pathologies. The τm, τ1, τ2, α1, α2 and α1/α2 of free and bound forms of NAD(P)H of the islet cells of animals (rats and pigs) and of humans with and without pathologies were measured and analyzed. The data were confirmed by IHC and histological studies. We identified three FLIM parameters in islet cells from animals with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and from humans with chronic pancreatitis + type 2 diabetes (T2D), which differ in the same way: τm and α2 take lower values compared to the nonpathological islet cells, while α1/α2 takes higher values. In islet cells from patients with adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and chronic pancreatitis, these parameters had reverse tendency relative to the norm or did not differ. Thus, minimally invasive and non-contrast FLIM methods may, in the future, be used to diagnose pathological islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Ermakova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alena Kashirina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Irina Kornilova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Bogomolova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Darya Myalik
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nasipbek Naraliev
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Denis Kuchin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital Named after N.A. Semashko, 190 Rodionova Str., 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Liya Lugovaya
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary”, 11/1 Delovaya Str., 603163 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Kashina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Pl., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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19
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Macrophages and neutrophils are necessary for ER stress-induced β cell loss. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111255. [PMID: 36001973 PMCID: PMC9444341 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces islet inflammation and β cell loss. How islet inflammation contributes to β cell loss remains uncertain. We have reported previously that chronic overnutrition-induced ER stress in β cells causes Ripk3-mediated islet inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and a reduction of β cell numbers in a zebrafish model. We show here that β cell loss results from the intricate communications among β cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Macrophage-derived Tnfa induces cxcl8a in β cells. Cxcl8a, in turn, attracts neutrophils to macrophage-contacted “hotspots” where β cell loss occurs. We also show potentiation of chemokine expression in stressed mammalian β cells by macrophage-derived TNFA. In Akita and db/db mice, there is an increase in CXCL15-positive β cells and intra-islet neutrophils. Blocking neutrophil recruitment in Akita mice preserves β cell mass and slows diabetes progression. These results reveal an important role of neutrophils in persistent ER stress-induced β cell loss. Yang et al. show a pivotal role of communications among β cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in chronic overnutrition-induced loss of pancreatic β cells in a diabetes-prone zebrafish model.
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20
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Chen CW, Guan BJ, Alzahrani MR, Gao Z, Gao L, Bracey S, Wu J, Mbow CA, Jobava R, Haataja L, Zalavadia AH, Schaffer AE, Lee H, LaFramboise T, Bederman I, Arvan P, Mathews CE, Gerling IC, Kaestner KH, Tirosh B, Engin F, Hatzoglou M. Adaptation to chronic ER stress enforces pancreatic β-cell plasticity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4621. [PMID: 35941159 PMCID: PMC9360004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to their role in insulin secretion. They require sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses to cope with this stress. Whether episodes of chronic stress directly compromise β-cell identity is unknown. We show here under reversible, chronic stress conditions β-cells undergo transcriptional and translational reprogramming associated with impaired expression of regulators of β-cell function and identity. Upon recovery from stress, β-cells regain their identity and function, indicating a high degree of adaptive plasticity. Remarkably, while β-cells show resilience to episodic ER stress, when episodes exceed a threshold, β-cell identity is gradually lost. Single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of islets from type 1 diabetes patients indicates severe deregulation of the chronic stress-adaptation program and reveals novel biomarkers of diabetes progression. Our results suggest β-cell adaptive exhaustion contributes to diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wen Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mohammed R Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Zhaofeng Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Long Gao
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Syrena Bracey
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Cheikh A Mbow
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Raul Jobava
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Ajay H Zalavadia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9620 Carnegie Ave N Bldg, Cleveland, OH, 44106, US
| | - Ashleigh E Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hugo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, US
| | - Ivan C Gerling
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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21
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Brawerman G, Pipella J, Thompson PJ. DNA damage to β cells in culture recapitulates features of senescent β cells that accumulate in type 1 diabetes. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101524. [PMID: 35660116 PMCID: PMC9213768 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by progressive loss of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells as a result of autoimmune destruction. In addition to β cell death, recent work has shown that subpopulations of β cells acquire dysfunction during T1D. We previously reported that β cells undergoing a DNA damage response (DDR) and senescence accumulate during the pathogenesis of T1D. However, the question of how senescence develops in β cells has not been investigated. METHODS Here, we tested the hypothesis that unrepaired DNA damage in the context of genetic susceptibility triggers β cell senescence using culture models including the mouse NIT1 β cell line derived from the T1D-susceptible nonobese diabetic (NOD) strain, human donor islets and EndoC β cells. DNA damage was chemically induced using etoposide or bleomycin and cells or islets were analyzed by a combination of molecular assays for senescence phenotypes including Western blotting, qRT-PCR, Luminex assays, flow cytometry and histochemical staining. RNA-seq was carried out to profile global transcriptomic changes in human islets undergoing DDR and senescence. Insulin ELISAs were used to quantify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from chemically-induced senescent human islets, EndoC β cells and mouse β cell lines in culture. RESULTS Sub-lethal DNA damage in NIT1 cells led to several classical hallmarks of senescence including sustained DDR activation, growth arrest, enlarged flattened morphology and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) resembling what occurs in primary β cells during T1D in NOD mice. These phenotypes differed between NIT1 cells and the MIN6 β cell line derived from a non-T1D susceptible mouse strain. RNA-seq analysis of DNA damage-induced senescence in human islets from two different donors revealed a p53 transcriptional program and upregulation of prosurvival and SASP genes, with inter-donor variability in this response. Inter-donor variability in human islets was also apparent in the extent of persistent DDR activation and SASP at the protein level. Notably, chemically induced DNA damage also led to DDR activation and senescent phenotypes in EndoC-βH5 human β cells, confirming that this response can occur directly in a human β cell line. Finally, DNA damage led to different effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse β cell lines as compared with human islets and EndoC β cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that some of the phenotypes of senescent β cells that accumulate during the development of T1D in the NOD mouse and humans can be modeled by chemically induced DNA damage to mouse β cell lines, human islets and EndoC β cells in culture. The differences between β cells from different mouse strains and different human islet donors and EndoC β cells highlights species differences and the role for genetic background in modifying the β cell response to DNA damage and its effects on insulin secretion. These culture models will be useful tools to understand some of the mechanisms of β cell senescence in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Brawerman
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Jasmine Pipella
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Peter J Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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22
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Moon S, Jung HS. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysregulated Autophagy in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:533-542. [PMID: 35929171 PMCID: PMC9353561 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell homeostasis is crucial for the synthesis and secretion of insulin; disruption of homeostasis causes diabetes, and is a treatment target. Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the unfolded protein response (UPR) and adequate regulation of autophagy, which are closely linked, play essential roles in this homeostasis. In diabetes, the UPR and autophagy are dysregulated, which leads to beta cell failure and death. Various studies have explored methods to preserve pancreatic beta cell function and mass by relieving ER stress and regulating autophagic activity. To promote clinical translation of these research results to potential therapeutics for diabetes, we summarize the current knowledge on ER stress and autophagy in human insulin-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoil Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Sharma I, Yadav KS, Mugale MN. Redoxisome and diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106292. [PMID: 35691540 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a worldwide growing epidemic disease considered to be the leading cause of vision-loss and blindness in people with DM. Redox reactions occurring at the extra- and intracellular levels are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis are implicated in the onset and development of DR. Thioredoxin1 (TRX1) and Thioredoxin2 (TRX2) are cytoplasmic and mitochondrially localized antioxidant proteins ubiquitously expressed in various cells and control cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by reducing the disulfides into thiol groups. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) binds to TRX system and inhibits the active reduced form of TRX through disulfide exchange reaction. Recent studies indicate the association of TRX/TXNIP with redox signal transduction pathways including activation of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, apoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy, epigenetic modifications in a redox-dependent manner. Thus, it is important to gain a more in-depth understanding about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that links redoxisome and ER/Mitochondrial dysfunction to drive the progression of DR. The purpose of this review is to provide a mechanistic understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological roles associated with redoxisome, the TRX/TXNIP redox signaling complex under oxidative stress in the development of DR. Also, the molecular targets of FDA approved drugs and clinical trials in addition to effective antioxidant strategies for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Karan Singh Yadav
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
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24
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Josefsen K, Krogvold L, Gerling IC, Pociot F, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Buschard K. Development of Type 1 Diabetes may occur through a Type 2 Diabetes mechanism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032822. [PMID: 36589856 PMCID: PMC9794996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), 30% of the beta cells are dormant, i.e. alive, but inactive. This could reduce beta cell destruction, as cellular stress contributes to beta cell damage. However, the beta cells, that are still active, must produce more insulin and are therefore more vulnerable. The inactive beta cells represent a potential for restoring the insulin secretion. METHODS We analyzed the expression of selected genes in islets from live, newly diagnosed T1D patients from the DiViD study and organ doners with longer duration of T1D, type 2 diabetes (T2D), or no diabetes from the nPOD study. Additionally, analysis of polymorphisms was performed on all the investigated genes. FINDINGS Various possibilities were considered for the inactivity of the beta cells: secretion defect, fetal state, hibernation, and insulin resistance. We analyzed genes related to the ceramide and sphingomyelin synthesis and degradation, secretion, circadian rhythm and insulin action, and found changes in T1D islets that resemble fetal dedifferentiation and asynchrony. Furthermore, we found low levels of insulin receptor mRNA in the islets. No polymorphisms were found. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest a secretion defect, but also fetal dedifferentiation and desynchronization in the inactive beta cells. Together with previous evidence, that predisposing factors for T2D are also present for T1D development, we raise the idea to treat individuals with ongoing T1D development prophylactically with T2D medicine like GLP-1 receptor agonists, metformin, or others, combined with anti-inflammatory compounds, in order to reactivate the dormant beta cells, and to prevent autoimmune destruction. T2D mechanisms during T1D development should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud Josefsen
- The Bartholin Institute, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Denmark
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivan C. Gerling
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Buschard
- The Bartholin Institute, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Karsten Buschard,
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