1
|
Hashimoto S, Shikanai Y, Kusajima M, Nakamura H, Fujiwara T, Kamiya T. Inhibition of NPR1 Leads to Shoot Growth Improvement under Low-Calcium Conditions in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1579-1589. [PMID: 37650642 PMCID: PMC10734893 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Under low-Ca conditions, plants accumulate salicylic acid (SA) and induce SA-responsive genes. However, the relationship between SA and low-Ca tolerance remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the inhibition or suppression of nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related 1 (NPR1) activity, a major regulator of the SA signaling pathway in the defense response, improves shoot growth under low-Ca conditions. Furthermore, mutations in phytoalexin-deficient 4 (PAD4) or enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), which are upstream regulators of NPR1, improved shoot growth under low-Ca conditions, suggesting that NPR1 suppressed growth under low-Ca conditions. In contrast, growth of SA induction-deficient 2-2 (sid2-2), which is an SA-deficient mutant, was sensitive to low Ca levels, suggesting that SA accumulation by SID2 was not related to growth inhibition under low-Ca conditions. Additionally, npr1-1 showed low-Ca tolerance, and the application of tenoxicam-an inhibitor of the NPR1-mediated activation of gene expression-also improved shoot growth under low Ca conditions. The low-Ca tolerance of double mutants pad4-1, npr1-1 and eds1-22 npr1-1 was similar to that of the single mutants, suggesting that PAD4 and EDS1 are involved in the same genetic pathway in suppressing growth under low-Ca conditions as NPR1. Cell death and low-Ca tolerance did not correlate among the mutants, suggesting that growth improvement in the mutants was not due to cell death inhibition. In conclusion, we revealed that NPR1 suppresses plant growth under low-Ca conditions and that the other SA-related genes influence plant growth and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Shikanai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Miyuki Kusajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huerta AI, Sancho-Andrés G, Montesinos JC, Silva-Navas J, Bassard S, Pau-Roblot C, Kesten C, Schlechter R, Dora S, Ayupov T, Pelloux J, Santiago J, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. The WAK-like protein RFO1 acts as a sensor of the pectin methylation status in Arabidopsis cell walls to modulate root growth and defense. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:865-881. [PMID: 37002606 PMCID: PMC10168605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most organisms adjust their development according to the environmental conditions. For the majority, this implies the sensing of alterations to cell walls caused by different cues. Despite the relevance of this process, few molecular players involved in cell wall sensing are known and characterized. Here, we show that the wall-associated kinase-like protein RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM 1 (RFO1) is required for plant growth and early defense against Fusarium oxysporum and functions by sensing changes in the pectin methylation levels in the cell wall. The RFO1 dwell time at the plasma membrane is affected by the pectin methylation status at the cell wall, regulating MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE and gene expression. We show that the extracellular domain of RFO1 binds de-methylated pectin in vitro, whose distribution in the cell wall is altered during F. oxysporum infection. Further analyses also indicate that RFO1 is required for the BR-dependent plant growth alteration in response to inhibition of pectin de-methyl-esterase activity at the cell wall. Collectively, our work demonstrates that RFO1 is a sensor of the pectin methylation status that plays a unique dual role in plant growth and defense against vascular pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apolonio I Huerta
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Javier Silva-Navas
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christopher Kesten
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Schlechter
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Dora
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Temurkhan Ayupov
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Julia Santiago
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Miao J, Kang W, Shi S. Exogenous application of salicylic acid improves freezing stress tolerance in alfalfa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1091077. [PMID: 36968407 PMCID: PMC10034032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freezing stress is one of the most detrimental environmental factors that can seriously impact the growth, development, and distribution of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Exogenous salicylic acid (SA) has been revealed as a cost-effective method of improving defense against freezing stress due to its predominant role in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. However, how the molecular mechanisms of SA improve freezing stress resistance in alfalfa is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used leaf samples of alfalfa seedlings pretreatment with 200 μM and 0 μM SA, which were exposed to freezing stress (-10°C) for 0, 0.5, 1, and 2h and allowed to recover at normal temperature in a growth chamber for 2 days, after which we detect the changes in the phenotypical, physiological, hormone content, and performed a transcriptome analysis to explain SA influence alfalfa in freezing stress. The results demonstrated that exogenous SA could improve the accumulation of free SA in alfalfa leaves primarily through the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathway. Moreover, the results of transcriptome analysis revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-plant play a critical role in SA alleviating freezing stress. In addition, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found that MPK3, MPK9, WRKY22 (downstream target gene of MPK3), and TGACG-binding factor 1 (TGA1) are candidate hub genes involved in freezing stress defense, all of which are involved in the SA signaling pathway. Therefore, we conclude that SA could possibly induce MPK3 to regulate WRKY22 to participate in freezing stress to induced gene expression related to SA signaling pathway (NPR1-dependent pathway and NPR1-independent pathway), including the genes of non-expresser of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (NPR1), TGA1, pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and heat shock protein (HSP). This enhanced the production of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD, and APX, which increases the freezing stress tolerance of alfalfa plants.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Tang M, Zhang Y, Huang M, Wei L, Lin Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Fu Y, Jiang D, Li B, Yu X. Coordinated regulation of plant defense and autoimmunity by paired trihelix transcription factors ASR3/AITF1 in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:914-929. [PMID: 36266950 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive pathogens and induce robust transcriptional reprogramming to rapidly achieve immunity. The mechanisms of how immune-related genes are transcriptionally regulated remain largely unknown. Previously, the trihelix transcriptional factor ARABIDOPSIS SH4-RELATED 3 (ASR3) was shown to negatively regulate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we identified another trihelix family member ASR3-Interacting Transcriptional Factor 1 (AITF1) as an interacting protein of ASR3. ASR3-Interacting Transcriptional Factor 1 and ASR3 form heterogenous and homogenous dimers in planta. Both aitf1 and asr3 single mutants exhibited increased resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, but the double mutant showed reduced resistance, suggesting AITF1 and ASR3 interdependently regulate immune gene expression and resistance. Overexpression of AITF1 triggered autoimmunity dependently on its DNA-binding ability and the presence of ASR3. Notably, autoimmunity caused by overexpression of AITF1 was dependent on a TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) protein suppressor of AITF1-induced autoimmunity 1 (SAA1), as well as enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), the central regulator of TNL signaling. ASR3-Interacting Transcriptional Factor 1 and ASR3 directly activated SAA1 expression through binding to the GT-boxes in SAA1 promoter. Collectively, our results revealed a mechanism of trihelix transcription factor complex in regulating immune gene expression, thereby modulating plant disease resistance and autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Meng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Mengling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sahoo DK, Hegde C, Bhattacharyya MK. Identification of multiple novel genetic mechanisms that regulate chilling tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1094462. [PMID: 36714785 PMCID: PMC9878698 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1094462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cold stress adversely affects the growth and development of plants and limits the geographical distribution of many plant species. Accumulation of spontaneous mutations shapes the adaptation of plant species to diverse climatic conditions. METHODS The genome-wide association study of the phenotypic variation gathered by a newly designed phenomic platform with the over six millions single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci distributed across the genomes of 417 Arabidopsis natural variants collected from various geographical regions revealed 33 candidate cold responsive genes. RESULTS Investigation of at least two independent insertion mutants for 29 genes identified 16 chilling tolerance genes governing diverse genetic mechanisms. Five of these genes encode novel leucine-rich repeat domain-containing proteins including three nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins. Among the 16 identified chilling tolerance genes, ADS2 and ACD6 are the only two chilling tolerance genes identified earlier. DISCUSSION The 12.5% overlap between the genes identified in this genome-wide association study (GWAS) of natural variants with those discovered previously through forward and reverse genetic approaches suggests that chilling tolerance is a complex physiological process governed by a large number of genetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chinmay Hegde
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang D, Chai G, Xu L, Yang K, Zhuang Y, Yang A, Liu S, Kong Y, Zhou G. Phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of C3H14 by MPK4 enhances bacterial-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1941-1959. [PMID: 35736512 PMCID: PMC9614498 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) triggers mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 4 (MPK4)-mediated phosphorylation and induces downstream transcriptional reprogramming, but the mechanisms of the MPK4 defense pathway are poorly understood. Here, we showed that phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of the CCCH protein C3H14 by MPK4 positively regulates the immune response in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Compared with wild-type plants, loss-of-function mutations in C3H14 and its paralog C3H15 resulted in enhanced defense against Pst DC3000 in infected leaves and the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), whereas C3H14 or C3H15 overexpression enhanced susceptibility to this pathogen and failed to induce SAR. The functions of C3H14 in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and SAR were dependent on MPK4-mediated phosphorylation. Challenge with Pst DC3000 or the flagellin peptide flg22 enhanced the phosphorylation of C3H14 by MPK4 in the cytoplasm, relieving C3H14-inhibited expression of PTI-related genes and attenuating C3H14-activated expression of its targets NIM1-INTERACTING1 (NIMIN1) and NIMIN2, two negative regulators of SAR. Salicylic acid (SA) affected the MPK4-C3H14-NIMIN1/2 cascades in immunity, but SA signaling mediated by the C3H14-NIMIN1/2 cascades was independent of MPK4 phosphorylation. Our study suggests that C3H14 might be a negative component of the MPK4 defense signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kangkang Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yamei Zhuang
- Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Song N, Lin J, Liu X, Liu Z, Liu D, Chu W, Li J, Chen Y, Chang S, Yang Q, Liu X, Guo W, Xin M, Yao Y, Peng H, Ni Z, Xie C, Sun Q, Hu Z. Histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 interacts with TaPLATZ5 to activate TaPAD4 expression and positively contributes to powdery mildew resistance in wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:590-607. [PMID: 35832009 PMCID: PMC9795918 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a two-branched innate immune system to detect and cope with pathogen attack, which are initiated by cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), respectively. A core transducer including PAD4-EDS1 node is proposed as the convergence point for a two-tiered immune system in conferring pathogen immunity. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of these key transducers remain largely unknown. Here, we identified histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 as a positive regulator of powdery mildew resistance in wheat. TaHAG1 regulates expression of key transducer gene TaPAD4 and promotes SA and reactive oxygen species accumulation to accomplish resistance to Bgt infection. Moreover, overexpression and CRISPR-mediated knockout of TaPAD4 validate its role in wheat powdery mildew resistance. Furthermore, TaHAG1 physically interacts with TaPLATZ5, a plant-specific zinc-binding protein. TaPLATZ5 directly binds to promoter of TaPAD4 and together with TaHAG1 to potentiate the expression of TaPAD4 by increasing the levels of H3 acetylation. Our study revealed a key transcription regulatory node in which TaHAG1 acts as an epigenetic modulator and interacts with TaPLATZ5 that confers powdery mildew resistance in wheat through activating a convergence point gene between PTI and ETI, which could be effective for genetic improvement of disease resistance in wheat and other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jingchen Lin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xingbei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zehui Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Debiao Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Wei Chu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Shumin Chang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Qun Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Overexpression of the Arabidopsis MACPF Protein AtMACP2 Promotes Pathogen Resistance by Activating SA Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158784. [PMID: 35955922 PMCID: PMC9369274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune response in plants is tightly regulated by the coordination of the cell surface and intracellular receptors. In animals, the membrane attack complex/perforin-like (MACPF) protein superfamily creates oligomeric pore structures on the cell surface during pathogen infection. However, the function and molecular mechanism of MACPF proteins in plant pathogen responses remain largely unclear. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis MACP2 and investigated the responsiveness of this protein during both bacterial and fungal pathogens. We suggest that MACP2 induces programmed cell death, bacterial pathogen resistance, and necrotrophic fungal pathogen sensitivity by activating the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived indole glucosinolates and the salicylic acid signaling pathway dependent on the activity of enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1). Moreover, the response of MACP2 mRNA isoforms upon pathogen attack is differentially regulated by a posttranscriptional mechanism: alternative splicing. In comparison to previously reported MACPFs in Arabidopsis, MACP2 shares a redundant but nonoverlapping role in plant immunity. Thus, our findings provide novel insights and genetic tools for the MACPF family in maintaining SA accumulation in response to pathogens in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Song C, Wang K, Xiao X, Liu Q, Yang M, Li X, Feng Y, Li S, Shi L, Chen W, Yang Z. Membrane lipid metabolism influences chilling injury during cold storage of peach fruit. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
10
|
Griebel T, Schütte D, Ebert A, Nguyen HH, Baier M. Cold Exposure Memory Reduces Pathogen Susceptibility in Arabidopsis Based on a Functional Plastid Peroxidase System. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:627-637. [PMID: 35345887 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-21-0283-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts serve as cold priming hubs modulating the transcriptional response of Arabidopsis thaliana to a second cold stimulus for several days by postcold accumulation of thylakoid ascorbate peroxidases (tAPX). In an attempt to investigate cross-priming effects of cold on plant pathogen protection, we show here that such a single 24-h cold treatment at 4°C decreased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains or the effector-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC-. The effect of cold priming against P. syringae pv. tomato was active immediately after cold exposure and memorized for at least 5 days. The priming benefit was established independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) or activation of the immune-related genes NHL10, FRK1, ICS1 and PR1 but required thylakoid-bound as well as stromal ascorbate peroxidase activities because the effect was absent or weak in corresponding knock-out-lines. Suppression of tAPX postcold regulation in a conditional-inducible tAPX-RNAi line led to increased bacterial growth numbers. This highlights that the plant immune system benefits from postcold regeneration of the protective chloroplast peroxidase system.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Griebel
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominic Schütte
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Ebert
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Hung Nguyen
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Karimzadeh Soureshjani H, Nezami A, Nabati J, Oskoueian E, Ahmadi-Lahijani MJ. The Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Modifications of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seedlings Under Freezing Stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022; 41:1109-1124. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-021-10369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
|
12
|
Specific Changes in Arabidopsis thaliana Rosette Lipids during Freezing Can Be Associated with Freezing Tolerance. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050385. [PMID: 35629889 PMCID: PMC9145600 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While the roles of a few specific lipids in plant freezing tolerance are understood, the effect of many plant lipids remains to be determined. Acclimation of plants to non-freezing cold before exposure to freezing temperatures improves the outcome of plants, compared to plants exposed to freezing without acclimation. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were subjected to one of three treatments: (1) "control", i.e., growth at 21 °C, (2) "non-acclimated", i.e., 3 days at 21 °C, 2 h at -8 °C, and 24 h recovery at 21 °C, and (3) "acclimated", i.e., 3 days at 4 °C, 2 h at -8 °C, and 24 h recovery at 21 °C. Plants were harvested at seven time points during the treatments, and lipid levels were measured by direct-infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Ion leakage was measured at the same time points. To examine the function of lipid species in relation to freezing tolerance, the lipid levels in plants immediately following the freezing treatment were correlated with the outcome, i.e., ion leakage 24-h post-freezing. Based on the correlations, hypotheses about the functions of specific lipids were generated. Additionally, analysis of the lipid levels in plants with mutations in genes encoding patatin-like phospholipases, lipoxygenases, and 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase 3 (opr3), under the same treatments as the wild-type plants, identified only the opr3-2 mutant as having major lipid compositional differences compared to wild-type plants.
Collapse
|
13
|
Song C, Wu M, Zhou Y, Gong Z, Yu W, Zhang Y, Yang Z. NAC-mediated membrane lipid remodeling negatively regulates fruit cold tolerance. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac039. [PMID: 35531317 PMCID: PMC9071380 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures are known to destroy cell membranes' structural integrity by affecting the remodeling of their phospholipids. Fruits stored at low temperature are prone to chilling injury, characterized by discoloration, absence of ripening, surface pitting, growth inhibition, flavor loss, decay, and wilting. Phosphatidic acid, a vital second-messenger lipid in plants, is known to accumulate in response to different kinds of stress stimuli. However, the regulatory mechanism of its production from the degradation of phospholipids remains poorly understood. We identified two cold-responsive NAC (NAM/ATAF1/CUC2) transcription factors from bananas, namely, MaNAC25 and MaNAC28, which negatively regulated cold tolerance in banana fruits by upregulating the expression of phospholipid degradation genes in banana fruits. Furthermore, MaNAC25 and MaNAC28 formed a positive feedback loop to induce phospholipid degradation and produce phosphatidic acid. In contrast, ethylene directly inhibited the degradation of phospholipids in banana and transgenic tomato fruits. In addition, ethylene reduced the activity of MaNAC25 and MaNAC28, thereby inhibiting phospholipid degradation. To conclude, NAC-mediated membrane lipid remodeling negatively regulates the cold tolerance of banana and transgenic tomato fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Song
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zehao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
He H, Song XQ, Jiang C, Liu YL, Wang D, Wen SS, Chai GH, Zhao ST, Lu MZ. The role of senescence-associated gene101 (PagSAG101a) in the regulation of secondary xylem formation in poplar. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:73-86. [PMID: 34845845 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wood is produced by the accumulation of secondary xylem via proliferation and differentiation of the cambium cells in woody plants. Identifying the regulators involved in this process remains a challenging task. In this study, we isolated PagSAG101a, the homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana SAG101, from a hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) clone 84K and investigated its role in secondary xylem development. PagSAG101a was expressed predominantly in lignified stems and localized in the nucleus. Compared with non-transgenic 84K plants, transgenic plants overexpressing PagSAG101a displayed increased plant height, internode number, stem diameter, xylem width, and secondary cell wall thickness, while opposite phenotypes were observed for PagSAG101a knock-out plants. Transcriptome analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched for those controlling cambium cell division activity and subsequent secondary cell wall deposition during xylem formation. In addition, the tandem CCCH zinc finger protein PagC3H17, which positively regulates secondary xylem width and secondary wall thickening in poplar, could bind to the promoter of PagSAG101a and mediate the regulation of xylem differentiation. Our results support that PagSAG101a, downstream of PagC3H17, functions in wood development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xue-Qin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ying-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Dian Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guo-Hua Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shu-Tang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu J, Mehari TG, Xu Y, Umer MJ, Hou Y, Wang Y, Peng R, Wang K, Cai X, Zhou Z, Liu F. GhGLK1 a Key Candidate Gene From GARP Family Enhances Cold and Drought Stress Tolerance in Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:759312. [PMID: 34992618 PMCID: PMC8725998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.759312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought and low-temperature stresses are the most prominent abiotic stresses affecting cotton. Wild cotton being exposed to harsh environments has more potential to cope with both biotic and abiotic stresses. Exploiting wild cotton material to induce resistant germplasm would be of greater interest. The candidate gene was identified in the BC2F2 population among Gossypium tomentosum and Gossypium hirsutum as wild male donor parent noted for its drought tolerance and the recurrent parent and a high yielding but drought susceptible species by genotyping by sequencing (GBS) mapping. Golden2-like (GLK) gene, which belongs to the GARP family, is a kind of plant-specific transcription factor (TF) that was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Silencing of GhGLK1 in cotton results in more damage to plants under drought and cold stress as compared with wild type (WT). The overexpression of GhGLK1 in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the overexpressing plants showed more adaptability than the WT after drought and cold treatments. The results of trypan blue and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining showed that after drought and cold treatment, the leaf damage in GhGLK1 overexpressed plants was less as compared with the WT, and the ion permeability was also lower. This study suggested that the GhGLK1 gene may be involved in the regulation of drought and cold stress response in cotton. Our current research findings add significantly to the existing knowledge of cold and drought stress tolerance in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Teame Gereziher Mehari
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Convergence and Divergence: Signal Perception and Transduction Mechanisms of Cold Stress in Arabidopsis and Rice. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091864. [PMID: 34579397 PMCID: PMC8473081 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cold stress, including freezing stress and chilling stress, is one of the major environmental factors that limit the growth and productivity of plants. As a temperate dicot model plant species, Arabidopsis develops a capability to freezing tolerance through cold acclimation. The past decades have witnessed a deep understanding of mechanisms underlying cold stress signal perception, transduction, and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. In contrast, a monocot cereal model plant species derived from tropical and subtropical origins, rice, is very sensitive to chilling stress and has evolved a different mechanism for chilling stress signaling and response. In this review, the authors summarized the recent progress in our understanding of cold stress response mechanisms, highlighted the convergent and divergent mechanisms between Arabidopsis and rice plasma membrane cold stress perceptions, calcium signaling, phospholipid signaling, MAPK cascade signaling, ROS signaling, and ICE-CBF regulatory network, as well as light-regulated signal transduction system. Genetic engineering approaches of developing freezing tolerant Arabidopsis and chilling tolerant rice were also reviewed. Finally, the future perspective of cold stress signaling and tolerance in rice was proposed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ritonga FN, Ngatia JN, Wang Y, Khoso MA, Farooq U, Chen S. AP2/ERF, an important cold stress-related transcription factor family in plants: A review. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1953-1968. [PMID: 34616115 PMCID: PMC8484489 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the vulnerability of plants especially crops to a wide range of cold stress reduces plant growth, development, yield production, and plant distribution. Cold stress induces physiological, morphological, biochemical, phenotypic, and molecular changes in plants. Transcription factor (TF) is one of the most important regulators that mediate gene expression. TF is activated by the signal transduction pathway, together with cis-acting element modulate the transcription of cold-responsive genes which contribute to increasing cold tolerance in plants. Here, AP2/ERF TF family is one of the most important cold stress-related TF families that along with other TF families, such as WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, MYB, NAC, and C2H2 interrelate to enhance cold stress tolerance. Over the past decade, significant progress has been found to solve the role of transcription factors (TFs) in improving cold tolerance in plants, such as omics analysis. Furthermore, numerous studies have identified and characterized the complexity of cold stress mechanisms among TFs or between TFs and other factors (endogenous and exogenous) including phytohormones, eugenol, and light. The role, function, and relationship among these TFs or between TFs and other factors to enhance cold tolerance still need to be clarified. Here, the current study analysed the role of AP2/ERF TF and the linkages among AP2/ERF with MYB, WRKY, bZIP, bHLH, C2H2, or NAC against cold stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Njaramba Ngatia
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Yiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Muneer Ahmed Khoso
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Department of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Umar Farooq
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zeng HY, Liu Y, Chen DK, Bao HN, Huang LQ, Yin J, Chen YL, Xiao S, Yao N. The immune components ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 are required for cell death caused by overaccumulation of ceramides in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1447-1465. [PMID: 34180563 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids have key functions in plant membrane structure and signaling. Perturbations of plant sphingolipid metabolism often induce cell death and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation; SA accumulation, in turn, promotes sphingolipid metabolism and further cell death. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana lipase-like protein ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and its partner PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) participate in sphingolipid metabolism and associated cell death. The accelerated cell death 5 (acd5) mutants accumulate ceramides due to a defect in ceramide kinase and show spontaneous cell death. Loss of function of EDS1, PAD4 or SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2) in the acd5 background suppressed the acd5 cell death phenotype and prevented ceramide accumulation. Treatment with the SA analogue benzothiadiazole partially restored sphingolipid accumulation in the acd5 pad4 and acd5 eds1 double mutants, showing that the inhibitory effect of the pad4-1 and eds1-2 mutations on acd5-conferred sphingolipid accumulation partly depends on SA. Moreover, the pad4-1 and eds1-2 mutations substantially rescued the susceptibility of the acd5 mutant to Botrytis cinerea. Consistent with this, B. cinerea-induced ceramide accumulation requires PAD4 or EDS1. Finally, examination of plants overexpressing the ceramide synthase gene LAG1 HOMOLOGUE2 suggested that EDS1, PAD4 and SA are involved in long-chain ceramide metabolism and ceramide-associated cell death. Collectively, our observations reveal that EDS1 and PAD4 mediate ceramide (especially long-chain ceramide) metabolism and associated cell death, by SA-dependent and SA-independent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ding-Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - He-Nan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Li-Qun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cook R, Lupette J, Benning C. The Role of Chloroplast Membrane Lipid Metabolism in Plant Environmental Responses. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030706. [PMID: 33806748 PMCID: PMC8005216 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are nonmotile life forms that are constantly exposed to changing environmental conditions during the course of their life cycle. Fluctuations in environmental conditions can be drastic during both day–night and seasonal cycles, as well as in the long term as the climate changes. Plants are naturally adapted to face these environmental challenges, and it has become increasingly apparent that membranes and their lipid composition are an important component of this adaptive response. Plants can remodel their membranes to change the abundance of different lipid classes, and they can release fatty acids that give rise to signaling compounds in response to environmental cues. Chloroplasts harbor the photosynthetic apparatus of plants embedded into one of the most extensive membrane systems found in nature. In part one of this review, we focus on changes in chloroplast membrane lipid class composition in response to environmental changes, and in part two, we will detail chloroplast lipid-derived signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Cook
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, USA
| | - Josselin Lupette
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, USA
| | - Christoph Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bai Y, Zhu X, Guo X, Zhang W, Zhang G, Chen H, Zhang Q. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of GmAAPTs from soybean ( Glycine max). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1845048. [PMID: 33164676 PMCID: PMC7781836 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1845048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aminoalcoholphosphotransferase (AAPT) utilizes diacylglycerols and cytidine diphosphate-choline/ethanolamine as substrates for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Plant AAPTs involved in phospholipid metabolism mediate diverse physiological processes; however, little is known about their functions in triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism and seed germination. In the present study, we isolated and characterized two AAPTs, GmAAPT1 and GmAAPT2, from soybean (Glycine max). GmAAPT1 and GmAAPT2 exhibited strong similarity in their amino acid contents and expression patterns, and both were found to localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. In vitro enzymatic analyses showed that GmAAPT1 and GmAAPT2 contributed to PC and PE synthesis and exhibited choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase-like enzymatic properties. The overexpression of GmAAPT1 and GmAAPT2 in Arabidopsis led to reduced levels of seed TAG and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased seed germination under freezing stress. Together, these findings suggest that GmAAPTs mediate TAG metabolism and negatively regulate seed freezing tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R.China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Xiaofang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Xinya Guo
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bernacki MJ, Czarnocka W, Zaborowska M, Różańska E, Labudda M, Rusaczonek A, Witoń D, Karpiński S. EDS1-Dependent Cell Death and the Antioxidant System in Arabidopsis Leaves is Deregulated by the Mammalian Bax. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112454. [PMID: 33182774 PMCID: PMC7698216 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is the ultimate end of a cell cycle that occurs in all living organisms during development or responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the course of evolution, plants and animals evolve various molecular mechanisms to regulate cell death; however, some of them are conserved among both these kingdoms. It was found that mammalian proapoptotic BCL-2 associated X (Bax) protein, when expressed in plants, induces cell death, similar to hypersensitive response (HR). It was also shown that changes in the expression level of genes encoding proteins involved in stress response or oxidative status regulation mitigate Bax-induced plant cell death. In our study, we focused on the evolutional compatibility of animal and plant cell death molecular mechanisms. Therefore, we studied the deregulation of reactive oxygen species burst and HR-like propagation in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing mammalian Bax. We were able to diminish Bax-induced oxidative stress and HR progression through the genetic cross with plants mutated in ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), which is a plant-positive HR regulator. Plants expressing the mouse Bax gene in eds1-1 null mutant background demonstrated less pronounced cell death and exhibited higher antioxidant system efficiency compared to Bax-expressing plants. Moreover, eds1/Bax plants did not show HR marker genes induction, as in the case of the Bax-expressing line. The present study indicates some common molecular features between animal and plant cell death regulation and can be useful to better understand the evolution of cell death mechanisms in plants and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.Z.); (A.R.); (D.W.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Zaborowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.Z.); (A.R.); (D.W.)
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.Z.); (A.R.); (D.W.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.Z.); (A.R.); (D.W.)
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.Z.); (A.R.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu T, Li Z, An X, Long Y, Xue X, Xie K, Ma B, Zhang D, Guan Y, Niu C, Dong Z, Hou Q, Zhao L, Wu S, Li J, Jin W, Wan X. Normal Structure and Function of Endothecium Chloroplasts Maintained by ZmMs33-Mediated Lipid Biosynthesis in Tapetal Cells Are Critical for Anther Development in Maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1624-1643. [PMID: 32956899 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Genic male sterility (GMS) is critical for heterosis utilization and hybrid seed production. Although GMS mutants and genes have been studied extensively in plants, it has remained unclear whether chloroplast-associated photosynthetic and metabolic activities are involved in the regulation of anther development. In this study, we characterized the function of ZmMs33/ZmGPAT6, which encodes a member of the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) family that catalyzes the first step of the glycerolipid synthetic pathway. We found that normal structure and function of endothecium (En) chloroplasts maintained by ZmMs33-mediated lipid biosynthesis in tapetal cells are crucial for maize anther development. ZmMs33 is expressed mainly in the tapetum at early anther developmental stages and critical for cell proliferation and expansion at late stages. Chloroplasts in En cells of wild-type anthers function as starch storage sites before stage 10 but as photosynthetic factories since stage 10 to enable starch metabolism and carbohydrate supply. Loss of ZmMs33 function inhibits the biosynthesis of glycolipids and phospholipids, which are major components of En chloroplast membranes, and disrupts the development and function of En chloroplasts, resulting in the formation of abnormal En chloroplasts containing numerous starch granules. Further analyses reveal that starch synthesis during the day and starch degradation at night are greatly suppressed in the mutant anthers, leading to carbon starvation and low energy status, as evidenced by low trehalose-6-phosphate content and a reduced ATP/AMP ratio. The energy sensor and inducer of autophagy, SnRK1, was activated to induce early and excessive autophagy, premature PCD, and metabolic reprogramming in tapetal cells, finally arresting the elongation and development of mutant anthers. Taken together, our results not only show that ZmMs33 is required for normal structure and function of En chloroplasts but also reveal that starch metabolism and photosynthetic activities of En chloroplasts at different developmental stages are essential for normal anther development. These findings provide novel insights for understanding how lipid biosynthesis in the tapetum, the structure and function of En chloroplasts, and energy and substance metabolism are coordinated to maintain maize anther development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zhu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xueli An
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yan Long
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ke Xie
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yijian Guan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Canfang Niu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Quancan Hou
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Suowei Wu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Valandro F, Menguer PK, Cabreira-Cagliari C, Margis-Pinheiro M, Cagliari A. Programmed cell death (PCD) control in plants: New insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana deathosome. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 299:110603. [PMID: 32900441 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process that leads to cell suicide in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. In plants PCD occurs during development, defence response and when exposed to adverse conditions. PCD acts controlling the number of cells by eliminating damaged, old, or unnecessary cells to maintain cellular homeostasis. Unlike in animals, the knowledge about PCD in plants is limited. The molecular network that controls plant PCD is poorly understood. Here we present a review of the current mechanisms involved with the genetic control of PCD in plants. We also present an updated version of the AtLSD1 deathosome, which was previously proposed as a network controlling HR-mediated cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. Finally, we discuss the unclear points and open questions related to the AtLSD1 deathosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Valandro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Cagliari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen J, Clinton M, Qi G, Wang D, Liu F, Fu ZQ. Reprogramming and remodeling: transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of salicylic acid-mediated plant defense. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5256-5268. [PMID: 32060527 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As a plant hormone, salicylic acid (SA) plays essential roles in plant defense against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens. Significant progress has been made in understanding the SA biosynthesis pathways and SA-mediated defense signaling networks in the past two decades. Plant defense responses involve rapid and massive transcriptional reprogramming upon the recognition of pathogens. Plant transcription factors and their co-regulators are critical players in establishing a transcription regulatory network and boosting plant immunity. A multitude of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators have been discovered, and their roles in SA-mediated defense responses have been reported. However, our understanding of plant transcriptional networks is still limited. As such, novel genomic tools and bioinformatic techniques will be necessary if we are to fully understand the mechanisms behind plant immunity. Here, we discuss current knowledge, provide an update on the SA biosynthesis pathway, and describe the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of SA-mediated plant immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael Clinton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Guang Qi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dhar N, Caruana J, Erdem I, Subbarao KV, Klosterman SJ, Raina R. The Arabidopsis SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE 13 Regulates Dark-Induced Senescence and Plays Contrasting Roles in Defense Against Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:754-766. [PMID: 32065029 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-19-0329-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE 13 (SAG13) of Arabidopsis is a widely conserved gene of unknown function that has been extensively used as a marker of plant senescence. SAG13 induction occurs during plant cell death processes, including senescence and hypersensitive response, a type of programmed cell death that occurs in response to pathogens. This implies that SAG13 expression is regulated through at least two different signaling pathways affecting these two different processes. Our work highlights a contrasting role for SAG13 in regulating resistance against disease-causing biotrophic bacterial and necrotrophic fungal pathogens with contrasting infection strategies. We provide further evidence that SAG13 is not only induced during oxidative stress but also plays a role in protecting the plant against other stresses. SAG13 is also required for normal seed germination, seedling growth, and anthocyanin accumulation. The work presented here provides evidence for the role of SAG13 in regulating multiple plant processes including senescence, defense, seed germination, and abiotic stress responses. SAG13 is a valuable molecular marker for these processes and is conserved in multiple plant species, and this knowledge has important implications for crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh Dhar
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA 93905, U.S.A
| | - Julie Caruana
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- ASEE Postdoctoral Fellow, Naval Research Lab, Washington DC 20375, U.S.A
| | - Irmak Erdem
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA 93905, U.S.A
| | | | - Ramesh Raina
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liang SM, Kuang JF, Ji SJ, Chen QF, Deng W, Min T, Shan W, Chen JY, Lu WJ. The membrane lipid metabolism in horticultural products suffering chilling injury. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHorticultural commodities suffer chilling injury following exposure to extremely low temperatures, which results in visible symptoms and considerable quality loss. Therefore, it is of significance to understand the mechanism of this physiological disorder and to develop effective strategies to control it. Chilling stress causes alteration in structure and function of the plasma membrane, which is assumed to be the primary event in response to cold stress. During this process, the membrane lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in membrane fluidity and stability. In this review, we summarized the possible roles of membrane lipid metabolism in the development of chilling injury, having the potential for developing effective strategies to alleviate chilling injury in horticultural products under refrigerated storage in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-min Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| | - Jian-fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| | - Shu-juan Ji
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City
| | - Qin-fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing
| | - Ting Min
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| | - Jian-ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| | - Wang-jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
WITHDRAWN: Functional diversity of glycerolipid acylhydrolases in plant metabolism and physiology. Prog Lipid Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
28
|
Functional diversity of glycerolipid acylhydrolases in plant metabolism and physiology. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100987. [PMID: 31078649 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most current knowledge about plant lipid metabolism has focused on the biosynthesis of lipids and their transport between different organelles. However, lipid composition changes during development and in response to environmental cues often go beyond adjustments of lipid biosynthesis. When lipids have to be removed to adjust the extent of membranes during down regulation of photosynthesis, or lipid composition has to be adjusted to alter the biophysical properties of membranes, or lipid derived chemical signals have to be produced, lipid-degrading enzymes come into play. This review focuses on glycerolipid acylhydrolases that remove acyl groups from glycerolipids and will highlight their roles in lipid remodeling and lipid-derived signal generation. One emerging theme is that these enzymes are involved in the dynamic movement of acyl groups through different lipid pools, for example from polar membrane lipids to neutral lipids sequestered in lipid droplets during de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. Another example of acyl group sequestration in the form of triacylglycerols in lipid droplets is membrane lipid remodeling in response to abiotic stresses. Fatty acids released for membrane lipids can also give rise to potent signaling molecules and acylhydrolases are therefore often the first step in initiating the formation of these lipid signals.
Collapse
|
29
|
Jan S, Abbas N, Ashraf M, Ahmad P. Roles of potential plant hormones and transcription factors in controlling leaf senescence and drought tolerance. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:313-329. [PMID: 30311054 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves offer an exclusive windowpane to uncover the changes in organs, tissues, and cells as they advance towards the process of senescence and death. Drought-induced leaf senescence is an intricate process with remarkably coordinated phases of onset, progression, and completion implicated in an extensive reprogramming of gene expression. Advancing leaf senescence remobilizes nutrients to younger leaves thereby contributing to plant fitness. However, numerous mysteries remain unraveled concerning leaf senescence. We are not still able to correlate leaf senescence and drought stress to endogenous and exogenous environments. Furthermore, we need to decipher how molecular mechanisms of the leaf senescence and levels of drought tolerance are advanced and how is the involvement of SAGs in drought tolerance and plant fitness. This review provides the perspicacity indispensable for facilitating our coordinated point of view pertaining to leaf senescence together with inferences on progression of whole plant aging. The main segments discussed in the review include coordination between hormonal signaling, leaf senescence, drought tolerance, and crosstalk between hormones in leaf senescence regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Jan
- ICAR- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Air Field, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nazia Abbas
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The Tug-of-War between Plants and Viruses: Great Progress and Many Remaining Questions. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030203. [PMID: 30823402 PMCID: PMC6466000 DOI: 10.3390/v11030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are persistently challenged by various phytopathogens. To protect themselves, plants have evolved multilayered surveillance against all pathogens. For intracellular parasitic viruses, plants have developed innate immunity, RNA silencing, translation repression, ubiquitination-mediated and autophagy-mediated protein degradation, and other dominant resistance gene-mediated defenses. Plant viruses have also acquired diverse strategies to suppress and even exploit host defense machinery to ensure their survival. A better understanding of the defense and counter-defense between plants and viruses will obviously benefit from the development of efficient and broad-spectrum virus resistance for sustainable agriculture. In this review, we summarize the cutting edge of knowledge concerning the defense and counter-defense between plants and viruses, and highlight the unexploited areas that are especially worth investigating in the near future.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bernacki MJ, Czarnocka W, Rusaczonek A, Witoń D, Kęska S, Czyż J, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Karpiński S. LSD1-, EDS1- and PAD4-dependent conditional correlation among salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, water use efficiency and seed yield in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:369-382. [PMID: 30461017 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1), ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) proteins are regulators of cell death (CD) in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Hormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), and reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), are key signaling molecules involved in plant CD. The proposed mathematical models presented in this study suggest that LSD1, EDS1 and PAD4 together with SA and H2 O2 are involved in the control of plant water use efficiency (WUE), vegetative growth and generative development. The analysis of Arabidopsis wild-type and single mutants lsd1, eds1, and pad4, as well as double mutants eds1/lsd1 and pad4/lsd1, demonstrated the strong conditional correlation between SA/H2 O2 and WUE that is dependent on LSD1, EDS1 and PAD4 proteins. Moreover, we found a strong correlation between the SA/H2 O2 homeostasis of 4-week-old Arabidopsis leaves and a total seed yield of 9-week-old plants. Altogether, our results prove that SA and H2 O2 are conditionally regulated by LSD1/EDS/PAD4 to govern WUE, biomass accumulation and seed yield. Conditional correlation and the proposed models presented in this study can be used as the starting points in the creation of a plant breeding algorithm that would allow to estimate the seed yield at the initial stage of plant growth, based on WUE, SA and H2 O2 content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Kęska
- Faculty of Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Janusz Czyż
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
- Department of Stress Biology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu L, Li S, Shabala S, Jian T, Zhang W. Plants Grown in Parafilm-Wrapped Petri Dishes Are Stressed and Possess Altered Gene Expression Profile. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:637. [PMID: 31156687 PMCID: PMC6529517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis is used as a model species in numerous physiological and genetic studies. Most of them employ parafilm-wrapped sterile culture. Here we demonstrate that this method is prone to potential artifacts and can lead to erroneous conclusions. We compared the effect of different sealing methods including air-permeable paper tape and traditional parafilm on Arabidopsis seedling growth, root development and gene expression network. Although seedlings grown in Petri dishes after 1 week sealed with paper tape showed a similar growth phenotype to that of parafilm-sealed seedlings, more than 700 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found, including stress and nutrition-responsive genes. In addition, more H2O2 was accumulated in the tissues of parafilm-sealed plants. After 14 days of growth, paper tape-sealed plants grew much better than parafilm-sealed ones and accumulated higher chlorophyll content, with 490 DEGs found. After 3 weeks of growth, paper tape-sealed plants had higher chlorophyll and better growth compared to parafilm-sealed ones; and only 10 DEGs were found at this stage. Thus, the obvious phenotype observed at the latter stage was a result of differential gene expression at earlier time points, mostly of defense, abiotic stress, nutrition, and phytohormone-responsive genes. More O2 content was detected inside paper tape-sealed Petri dishes at early growth stage (7 days), and distinct difference in the CO2 content was observed between parafilm-sealed and paper tape-sealed Petri dishes. Furthermore, the carbon source also influenced seedlings growth with different sealing methods. In conclusion, conventional sealing using parafilm was not the optimal choice, most likely because of the limited gas exchange and a consequent stress caused to plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tao Jian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenying Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang L, Wen R, Wang J, Xiang D, Wang Q, Zang Y, Wang Z, Huang S, Li X, Datla R, Fobert PR, Wang H, Wei Y, Xiao W. Arabidopsis UBC13 differentially regulates two programmed cell death pathways in responses to pathogen and low-temperature stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:919-934. [PMID: 30218535 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
UBC13 is required for Lys63-linked polyubiquitination and innate immune responses in mammals, but its functions in plant immunity remain to be defined. Here we used genetic and pathological methods to evaluate roles of Arabidopsis UBC13 in response to pathogens and environmental stresses. Loss of UBC13 failed to activate the expression of numerous cold-responsive genes and resulted in hypersensitivity to low-temperature stress, indicating that UBC13 is involved in plant response to low-temperature stress. Furthermore, the ubc13 mutant displayed low-temperature-induced and salicylic acid-dependent lesion mimic phenotypes. Unlike typical lesion mimic mutants, ubc13 did not enhance disease resistance against virulent bacterial and fungal pathogens, but diminished hypersensitive response and compromised effector-triggered immunity against avirulent bacterial pathogens. UBC13 differently regulates two types of programmed cell death in response to low temperature and pathogen. The lesion mimic phenotype in the ubc13 mutant is partially dependent on SNC1. UBC13 interacts with an F-box protein CPR1 that regulates the homeostasis of SNC1. However, the SNC1 protein level was not altered in the ubc13 mutant, implying that UBC13 is not involved in CPR1-regulated SNC1 protein degradation. Taken together, our results revealed that UBC13 is a key regulator in plant response to low temperature and pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0W9
| | - Rui Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E5
| | - Jinghe Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E5
| | - Daoquan Xiang
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0W9
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuepeng Zang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E5
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0W9
| | - Pierre R Fobert
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0W9
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E5
| | - Yangdou Wei
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E2
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E5
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Joglekar S, Suliman M, Bartsch M, Halder V, Maintz J, Bautor J, Zeier J, Parker JE, Kombrink E. Chemical Activation of EDS1/PAD4 Signaling Leading to Pathogen Resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1592-1607. [PMID: 29931201 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In a chemical screen we identified thaxtomin A (TXA), a phytotoxin from plant pathogenic Streptomyces scabies, as a selective and potent activator of FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE1 (FMO1) expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). TXA induction of FMO1 was unrelated to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plant cell death or its known inhibition of cellulose synthesis. TXA-stimulated FMO1 expression was strictly dependent on ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4) but independent of salicylic acid (SA) synthesis via ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1). TXA induced the expression of several EDS1/PAD4-regulated genes, including EDS1, PAD4, SENESCENCE ASSOCIATED GENE101 (SAG101), ICS1, AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1 (ALD1) and PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN1 (PR1), and accumulation of SA. Notably, enhanced ALD1 expression did not result in accumulation of the product pipecolic acid (PIP), which promotes FMO1 expression during biologically induced systemic acquired resistance. TXA treatment preferentially stimulated expression of PAD4 compared with EDS1, which was mirrored by PAD4 protein accumulation, suggesting that TXA leads to increased PAD4 availability to form EDS1-PAD4 signaling complexes. Also, TXA treatment of Arabidopsis plants led to enhanced disease resistance to bacterial and oomycete infection, which was dependent on EDS1 and PAD4, as well as on FMO1 and ICS1. Collectively, the data identify TXA as a potentially useful chemical tool to conditionally activate and interrogate EDS1- and PAD4-controlled pathways in plant immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shachi Joglekar
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Mohamed Suliman
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Bartsch
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Vivek Halder
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Jens Maintz
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Bautor
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jane E Parker
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Erich Kombrink
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bernacki MJ, Czarnocka W, Witoń D, Rusaczonek A, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Ślesak I, Dąbrowska-Bronk J, Karpiński S. ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) affects development, photosynthesis, and hormonal homeostasis in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 226:91-102. [PMID: 29730441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) was first described as a protein involved in salicylic acid (SA)-, ethylene-, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent defense and acclimation responses. It is a molecular regulator of biotic and abiotic stress-induced programmed cell death. Its role is relatively well known in annual plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana. However, little is known about its functions in woody plants. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to characterize the function of EDS1 in the Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides hybrid grown for several seasons in the natural environment. We used two transgenic lines, eds1-7 and eds1-12, with decreased EDS1 expression levels in this study. The observed changes in physiological and biochemical parameters corresponded with the EDS1 silencing level. Both transgenic lines produced more lateral shoots in comparison to the wild-type (WT) plants, which resulted in the modification of tree morphology. Photosynthetic parameters, such as quantum yield of photosystem II (ϕPSII), photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (qP and NPQ, respectively), as well as chlorophyll content were found to be increased in both transgenic lines, which resulted in changes in photosynthetic efficiency. Our data also revealed lower foliar concentrations of SA and ROS, the latter resulting most probably from more efficient antioxidant system in both transgenic lines. In addition, our data indicated significantly decreased rate of leaf senescence during several autumn seasons. Transcriptomic analysis revealed deregulation of 2215 and 376 genes in eds1-12 and eds1-7, respectively, and also revealed 207 genes that were commonly deregulated in both transgenic lines. The deregulation was primarily observed in the genes involved in photosynthesis, signaling, hormonal metabolism, and development, which was found to agree with the results of biochemical and physiological tests. In general, our data proved that poplar EDS1 affects tree morphology, photosynthetic efficiency, ROS and SA metabolism, as well as leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-001 Cracow, Poland; Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Radzików, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Ślesak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-001 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Dąbrowska-Bronk
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tan WJ, Yang YC, Zhou Y, Huang LP, Xu L, Chen QF, Yu LJ, Xiao S. DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE and DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE Modulate Triacylglycerol and Phosphatidic Acid Production in the Plant Response to Freezing Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1303-1318. [PMID: 29853600 PMCID: PMC6053003 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants accumulate the lipids phosphatidic acid (PA), diacylglycerol (DAG), and triacylglycerol (TAG) during cold stress, but how plants balance the levels of these lipids to mediate cold responses remains unknown. The enzymes ACYL-COENZYME A:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE (DGAT) and DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE (DGK) catalyze the conversion of DAG to TAG and PA, respectively. Here, we show that DGAT1, DGK2, DGK3, and DGK5 contribute to the response to cold in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). With or without cold acclimation, the dgat1 mutants exhibited higher sensitivity upon freezing exposure compared with the wild type. Under cold conditions, the dgat1 mutants showed reduced expression of C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTOR2 and its regulons, which are essential for the acquisition of cold tolerance. Lipid profiling revealed that freezing significantly increased the levels of PA and DAG while decreasing TAG in the rosettes of dgat1 mutant plants. During freezing stress, the accumulation of PA in dgat1 plants stimulated NADPH oxidase activity and enhanced RbohD-dependent hydrogen peroxide production compared with the wild type. Moreover, the cold-inducible transcripts of DGK2, DGK3, and DGK5 were significantly more up-regulated in the dgat1 mutants than in the wild type during cold stress. Consistent with this observation, dgk2, dgk3, and dgk5 knockout mutants showed improved tolerance and attenuated PA production in response to freezing temperatures. Our findings demonstrate that the conversion of DAG to TAG by DGAT1 is critical for plant freezing tolerance, acting by balancing TAG and PA production in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Juan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi-Cong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Le Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qin-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lu-Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Overmyer K, Vuorinen K, Brosché M. Interaction points in plant stress signaling pathways. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:191-204. [PMID: 28857168 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants live in a world where they are challenged by abiotic and biotic stresses. In response to unfavorable conditions or an acute challenge like a pathogen attack, plants use various signaling pathways that regulate expression of defense genes and other mechanisms to provide resistance or stress adaptation. Identification of the regulatory steps in defense signaling has seen much progress in recent years. Many of the identified signaling pathways show interactions with each other, exemplified by the modulation of the jasmonic acid response by salicylic acid. Accordingly, defense regulation is more appropriately thought of as a web of interactions, rather than linear pathways. Here we describe various regulatory components and how they interact to provide an appropriate defense response. One of the common assays to monitor the output of defense signaling, as well as interaction between signaling pathways, is the measurement of altered gene expression. We illustrate that, while this is a suitable assay to monitor defense regulation, it can also inadvertently provide overstated conclusions about interaction among signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Overmyer
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Vuorinen
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu XY, Hu WJ, Luo H, Xia Y, Zhao Y, Wang LD, Zhang LM, Luo JC, Jing HC. Transcriptome profiling of developmental leaf senescence in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:555-580. [PMID: 27586543 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This piece of the submission is being sent via mail. Leaf senescence is essential for the nutrient economy of crops and is executed by so-called senescence-associated genes (SAGs). Here we explored the monocot C4 model crop Sorghum bicolor for a holistic picture of SAG profiles by RNA-seq. Leaf samples were collected at four stages during developmental senescence, and in total, 3396 SAGs were identified, predominantly enriched in GO categories of metabolic processes and catalytic activities. These genes were enriched in 13 KEGG pathways, wherein flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were overrepresented. Seven regions on Chromosomes 1, 4, 5 and 7 contained SAG 'hotspots' of duplicated genes or members of cupin superfamily involved in manganese ion binding and nutrient reservoir activity. Forty-eight expression clusters were identified, and the candidate orthologues of the known important senescence transcription factors such as ORE1, EIN3 and WRKY53 showed "SAG" expression patterns, implicating their possible roles in regulating sorghum leaf senescence. Comparison of developmental senescence with salt- and dark- induced senescence allowed for the identification of 507 common SAGs, 1996 developmental specific SAGs as well as 176 potential markers for monitoring senescence in sorghum. Taken together, these data provide valuable resources for comparative genomics analyses of leaf senescence and potential targets for the manipulation of genetic improvement of Sorghum bicolor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Research Centre for Practaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Juan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Research Centre for Practaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Research Centre for Practaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Research Centre for Practaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Research Centre for Practaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Chu Luo
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
- Inner Mongolia Research Centre for Practaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tan WJ, Xiao S, Chen QF. Potential role of salicylic acid in modulating diacylglycerol homeostasis in response to freezing temperatures in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1082698. [PMID: 26340231 PMCID: PMC4883936 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1082698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In our recent article in Molecular Plant, we reported that 3 lipase-like defense regulators SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE101 (SAG101), ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4) are involved in the regulation of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. The transcripts of SAG101, EDS1 and PAD4 were inducible by cold stress and their knockout or knockdown mutants exhibited enhanced chilling and freezing tolerance in comparison to the wild type. The freezing tolerance phenotype showed in the sag101, eds1 and pad4 mutants was correlated with the transcriptional upregulation of C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTORs (CBFs) and their regulons as well as increased levels of proline. Upon cold exposure, the sag101, eds1 and pad4 mutants showed ameliorated cell death and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, which were highly induced by freezing stress in the wild-type leaves. Moreover, the contents of salicylic acid (SA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) were significantly decreased in the sag101, eds1 and pad4 mutants compared to the wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that the SAG101, EDS1 and PAD4 are negative regulators in the freezing response and function, at least in part, by modulating the homeostasis of SA and DAG in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Juan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|