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Li B, Zhu X, Xu C, Yu J, Fan Y. A tough, reversible and highly sensitive humidity actuator based on cellulose nanofiber films by intercalation modulated plasticization. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122108. [PMID: 38616082 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofiber was an ideal candidate for humidity actuators based on its wide availability, biocompatibility and excellent hydrophilicity. However, conventional cellulose nanofiber-based actuators faced challenges like poor water resistance, flexibility, and sensitivity. Herein, water-resistant, flexible, and highly sensitive cross-linked cellulose nanofibers (CCNF) single-layer humidity actuators with remarkable reversible humidity responsiveness were prepared by combining the green click chemistry modification and intercalation modulated plasticization (IMP). The incorporation of phenyl ring and the crosslinked network structure in CCNF films contributed to its improved water resistance and mechanical properties (with a stress increased from 85.9 ± 3.1 MPa to 141.2 ± 21.5 MPa). SEM analysis confirmed enhanced interlaminar sliding properties facilitated by IMP. This resulted in increased flexibility and toughness of CCNF films, with a strain of 11.5 % and toughness of 9.9 MJ/m3. These improvements efficiently enhanced humidity sensitivity for cellulose nanofiber, with a 4.8-fold increase in bending curvature and a response time of only 3.4 ± 0.1 s. Finally, the good humidity sensitivity of modified CNF can be easily imparted to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via simple self-assembly method, thus leading to a high-performance humidity-responsive actuator. The click chemistry modification and IMP offer a new avenue to fabricate tough, reversible and highly sensitive humidity actuator based on cellulose nanofiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Khanchezar S, Babaeipour V, Mostafa AS. Overproduction of bacterial cellulose from Acetobacter xylinum BPR2001 using food industries wastes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:584-595. [PMID: 38233730 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a cost-effective complex culture media containing molasses and corn steep liquor (CSL) was developed for the high production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by investigating the effect of four effective factors on BC production at three levels using Taguchi and combined methods. The predicted and actual values of BC production in optimal conditions by Taguchi and combined methods were 8.41 and 14.52 g/L, respectively. These results showed that the combined method was more suitable for predicting the optimal conditions in the optimization of BC production, the cost of developed culture medium was around 94% cost of HS medium preparation, molasses was the most effective factor in both experimental design methods, and initial pH adjustment had little impact on BC production. Then, the effect of inoculation conditions containing three factors of inoculation age, ethanol addition time, and agitation rate on the increase of BC production at three levels was investigated using the response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design algorithm. Under the optimal conditions including inoculum age of 3 days, ethanol addition time of 10 days, and stirring speed of 100 rpm, the predicted and experimental results of BC production were 21.61 and 20.21 g/L, respectively. This is among the highest ever reported for BC production, which was achieved with a more cost-effective culture medium containing molasses and CSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirwan Khanchezar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valiolah Babaeipour
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Sadat Mostafa
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Chen T, Yan Y, Zhou X, Liu W, Tan R, Wei D, Feng Y, Cui Q, Wang W, Zhang R, Wu N, Xu H, Qu D, Zhang H, Wu G, Zhao Y. An antioxidant hydrogel dressing with wound pH indication function prepared based on silanized bacterial nanocellulose crosslinked with beet red pigment extract. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131824. [PMID: 38697411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining wound moisture and monitoring of infection are crucial aspects of chronic wound treatment. The development of a pH-sensitive functional hydrogel dressing is an effective approach to monitor, protect, and facilitate wound healing. In this study, beet red pigment extract (BRPE) served as a native and efficient pH indicator by being grafted into silane-modified bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) to prepare a pH-sensitive wound hydrogel dressing (S-g-BNC/BRPE). FTIR confirmed the successful grafting of BRPE into the BNC matrix. The S-g-BNC/BRPE showed superior mechanical properties (0.25 MPa), swelling rate (1251 % on average), and hydrophilic properties (contact angle 21.83°). The composite exhibited a notable color change as the pH changed between 4.0 and 9.0. It appeared purple-red when the pH ranged from 4.0 to 6.0, and appeared light pink at pH 7.0 and 7.4, and appeared ginger-yellow at pH 8.0 and 9.0. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the composite was evaluated, its DPPH·, ABTS+, ·OH scavenging rates were 32.33 %, 19.31 %, and 30.06 %, respectively, and the cytotoxicity test clearly demonstrated the safety of the dressing. The antioxidant hydrogel dressing, fabricated with a cost-effective and easy method, not only showed excellent biocompatibility and dressing performance but could also indicated the wound state based on pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yiran Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Ran Tan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Dingkang Wei
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yetong Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 26003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 26003, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hailong Xu
- Institute of blue economic Research, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Dehui Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Guochao Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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Negi A, Tehrani-Bagha AR. Cellulose Functionalization Using N-Heterocyclic-Based Leaving Group Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:149. [PMID: 38201814 PMCID: PMC10780667 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been continuous interest in developing novel activators that facilitate the functionalization of cellulosic materials. In this paper, we developed a strategy in which trisubstituted triazinium salts act as cellulose preactivators. As leaving groups, these triazinium salts utilize N-heterocycles (pyridine, imidazole, and nicotinic acid). Initially, we optimized the synthetic route for developing these novel cellulose preactivators (triazinium salts), whose structures were confirmed using NMR spectroscopy. The surface zeta potential of cellulose changed from a negative value to a positive one after preactivation due to the cationic nature of these preactivators. To enhance the scope of the study, we functionalized the cellulose-preactivated materials with a series of amine- or hydroxy-containing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, nucleophilic amino acids (cysteine), colorants (2-aminoanthraquinone and 2-amino-3-methyl-anthraquinone), and biopolymer (zein protein). The treated samples were analyzed using FTIR, time-gated Raman spectroscopy, and reflection spectroscopy, and the success of the functionalization process was validated. To widen the scope of such chemistries, we synthesized four reactive agents containing N-heterocyclic-based leaving groups (pyridine and nicotinic acid) and successfully functionalized cellulose with them in one step. The proposed single- and two-step functionalization approaches will provide opportunities for chemically linking various chemical compounds to cellulose for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali R. Tehrani-Bagha
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
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Hamedi S, Mahmoodi-Barmesi M, Kermanian H, Ramezani O, Razmpour Z. Investigation of physicochemical and biological properties of bacterial cellulose & zein-reinforced edible nanocomposites based on flaxseed mucilage containing Origanum vulgare L. essential oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127733. [PMID: 37918591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of zein and different amounts of bacterial cellulose (BC; 1, 2 and 3 wt%) on the physical, mechanical and barrier properties of flaxseed mucilage/carboxymethyl cellulose (FM/CMC) composite was investigated. The appearance of the absorption band at 1320cm-1 in the ATR-FTIR spectra of nanocomposites indicated the successful introduction of zein into their structure. The characteristic peak at 2θ of 9° belonging to zein disappeared in XRD patterns of the prepared composites suggesting the successful coating of zein via hydrogen bonding interactions. SEM images proved the formation of semi-spherical zein microparticles in the FM/CMC matrix. TGA plots ascertained the addition of zein and nanocellulose caused a significant increase in the thermal stability of FM/CMC film, although zein showed a greater effect. The presence of zein and nanocellulose increased the mechanical strength of nanocomposites. The WVP of FM/CMC decreased after the incorporation of zein and nanocellulose, which created a tortuous path for the diffusion of water molecules. The zein particles exhibited a greater influence on improving the mechanical and barrier properties compared to nanocellulose. FM/CMC-Z film exhibited the highest mechanical strength (49.07 ± 5.89 MPa) and the lowest WVP (1.179 ± 0.076). The composites containing oregano essential oil (EO) showed higher than 60 % antibacterial properties. The bactericidal efficiency of FM/CMC/Z-EO and FM/CMC/Z-EO/BC1 nanocomposites decreased about 10% compared to FM/CMC/EO and FM/CMC-Z/BC1. This evidenced the successful encapsulation of EO molecules in zein particles. According to the in vitro release study, entrapment of EO into zein particles could delay the release and provide the extended antimicrobial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Hamedi
- Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Kermanian
- Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Ramezani
- Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Razmpour
- Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Dang X, Yu Z, Wang X, Li N. Eco-Friendly Cellulose-Based Nonionic Antimicrobial Polymers with Excellent Biocompatibility, Nonleachability, and Polymer Miscibility. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50344-50359. [PMID: 37862609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to prepare natural biomass-based nonionic antimicrobial polymers with excellent biocompatibility, nonleachability, antimicrobial activity, and polymer miscibility. Two new cellulose-based nonionic antimicrobial polymers (MIPA and MICA) containing many terminal indole groups were synthesized using a sustainable one-pot method. The structures and properties of the nonionic antimicrobial polymers were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel chromatography (GPC), and other analytical techniques. The results showed that microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) molecules combined with indole derivatives through an esterification reaction to produce MICA and MIPA. The crystallinity of the prepared MICA and MIPA molecules decreased after MCC modification; their morphological structure changed from short fibrous to granular and showed better thermal stability and solubility. The paper diffusion method showed that both nonionic polymers had good bactericidal effects against the two common pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli, inhibition zone diameters >22 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, inhibition zone diameters >38 mm). Moreover, MICA and MIPA showed good miscibility with biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and the miscible cellulose-based composite films (PVA-MICA and PVA-MIPA) showed good phase compatibility, light transmission, thermal stability (maximum thermal decomposition temperature >300 °C), biocompatibility, biological cell activity (no cytotoxicity), nonleachability, antimicrobial activity, and mechanical properties (maximum fracture elongation at >390%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xugang Dang
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Clean Production and High Value Utilization of Bio-Based Textile Materials, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfu Yu
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
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Jamilludin MA, Dinatha IKH, Supii AI, Partini J, Kusindarta DL, Yusuf Y. Functionalized cellulose nanofibrils in carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite nanorod-based scaffold from long-spined sea urchin ( Diadema setosum) shells reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol for alveolar bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32444-32456. [PMID: 37928842 PMCID: PMC10623659 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (C-HAp) nanorods were synthesised using a dissolution-precipitation reaction on hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorods based on long-spined sea urchin (Diadema setosum) shells. From the EDS analysis, the Ca/P molar ratio of C-HAp was 1.705, which was very close to the Ca/P of natural bone apatite of 1.71. The FTIR and XRD analyses revealed the AB-type CHAp of the C-HAp nanorods. The TEM showed the rod-like shape of nanosize C-HAp with a high aspect ratio. The antibacterial test against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus also showed that C-HAp had a high antibacterial activity. The C-HAp/PVA-based scaffolds were fabricated, using a freeze-drying method, for use in alveolar bone tissue engineering applications. There were various scaffolds, with no filler, with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) filler, and with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) filler. The physicochemical analysis showed that adding PVA and cellulose caused no chemical decomposition but decreased the scaffold crystallinity, and the lower crystallinity created more dislocations that can help cells proliferate well. The antibacterial activity showed that the CNF induced the higher antibacterial level of the scaffold. According to the SEM results, the micropores of the C-HAp/PVA/CNF can provide a place for cells to grow, and its porosity can promote cell nutrient supply. The macropores of the C-HAp/PVA/CNF were also suitable for cells and new blood vessels. Therefore, the C-HAp/PVA/CNF scaffold was examined for its cytocompatibility using the MTT assay against NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells with a 24 h incubation. The C-HAp/PVA/CNF scaffold showed a high cell viability of 90.36 ± 0.37% at a low scaffold dose of 31.25 μg mL-1. The scaffold could also facilitate NIH/3T3 cells to attach to its surface. The IC50 value had also been estimated to be 2732 μg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir Jamilludin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - I Kadek Hariscandra Dinatha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Apri I Supii
- Research Centre for Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency Lombok Utara 83352 Indonesia
| | - Juliasih Partini
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Dwi Liliek Kusindarta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Yusril Yusuf
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
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Leong MY, Kong YL, Harun MY, Looi CY, Wong WF. Current advances of nanocellulose application in biomedical field. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108899. [PMID: 37478689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) is a natural fiber that can be extracted in fibrils or crystals form from different natural sources, including plants, bacteria, and algae. In recent years, nanocellulose has emerged as a sustainable biomaterial for various medicinal applications including drug delivery systems, wound healing, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial treatment due to its biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and exceptional water holding capacity for cell immobilization. Many antimicrobial products can be produced due to the chemical functionality of nanocellulose, such disposable antibacterial smart masks for healthcare use. This article discusses comprehensively three types of nanocellulose: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in view of their structural and functional properties, extraction methods, and the distinctive biomedical applications based on the recently published work. On top of that, the biosafety profile and the future perspectives of nanocellulose-based biomaterials have been further discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Leong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Y L Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, American Degree Program, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - M Y Harun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - C Y Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - W F Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yadav C, Lee JM, Mohanty P, Li X, Jang WD. Graft onto approaches for nanocellulose-based advanced functional materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15108-15145. [PMID: 37712254 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The resurgence of cellulose as nano-dimensional 'nanocellulose' has unlocked a sustainable bioeconomy for the development of advanced functional biomaterials. Bestowed with multifunctional attributes, such as renewability and abundance of its source, biodegradability, biocompatibility, superior mechanical, optical, and rheological properties, tunable self-assembly and surface chemistry, nanocellulose presents exclusive opportunities for a wide range of novel applications. However, to alleviate its intrinsic hydrophilicity-related constraints surface functionalization is inevitably needed to foster various targeted applications. The abundant surface hydroxyl groups on nanocellulose offer opportunities for grafting small molecules or macromolecular entities using either a 'graft onto' or 'graft from' approach, resulting in materials with distinctive functionalities. Most of the reviews published to date extensively discussed 'graft from' modification approaches, however 'graft onto' approaches are not well discussed. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of 'graft onto' approaches. Furthermore, insight into some of the recently emerging applications of this grafted nanocellulose including advanced nanocomposite formulation, stimuli-responsive materials, bioimaging, sensing, biomedicine, packaging, and wastewater treatment has also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandravati Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paritosh Mohanty
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Xinping Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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de Resende PE, Nisler J, Voller J, Kadlecová A, Gibbons S. Antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities of aryl urea agents. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 33:114-119. [PMID: 36906171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterise compounds with activity against carbapenemase-expressing Gram-negative bacteria and nematodes and evaluate their cytotoxicity to non-cancerous human cells. METHODS The antimicrobial activity and toxicity of a series of phenyl-substituted urea derivatives were evaluated using broth microdilution, chitinase, and resazurin reduction assays. RESULTS The effects of different substitutions present on the nitrogen atoms of the urea backbone were investigated. Several compounds were active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli control strains. Specifically, derivatives 7b, 11b, and 67d exhibited antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 16, a carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae species, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 100, 50, and 72 µM (32, 64, and 32 mg/L), respectively. In addition, the MICs obtained against a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain were 100, 50, and 36 µM (32, 16, and 16 mg/L) for the same compounds, respectively. Furthermore, the urea derivatives 18b, 29b, 50c, 51c, 52c, 55c-59c, and 62c were very active towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. CONCLUSIONS Testing on non-cancerous human cell lines suggested that some of the compounds have the potential to affect bacteria, especially helminths, with limited cytotoxicity to humans. Given the simplicity of synthesis for this class of compounds and their potency against Gram-negative, carbapenemase-expressing K. pneumoniae, aryl ureas possessing the 3,5-dichloro-phenyl group certainly warrant further investigation to exploit their selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ernesto de Resende
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Voller
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kadlecová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Yu Y, Shen H, Wang X, Gibril ME, Kong F, Wang S. Spherical nanoparticle-modified bacterial cellulose drives SH−SY5Y cell differentiation and inhibits bacterial proliferation. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Wang H, Liu X, Liu J, Wu M, Huang Y. Facile dispersion strategy to prepare polylactic acid/reed straw nanofiber composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:278-287. [PMID: 36030979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The challenge of dispersing nanocellulose in hydrophobic polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) still obstacles the further application of cellulose nanocomposites. An environment-friendly and facile wet-shearing pretreatment strategy without using any organic solvent was developed in this work. Silane modified lignocellulose nanofiber (SLCNF) was pre-dispersed into PLA by wet-shearing pretreatment, followed by extrusion process and the SLCNF could be dispersed extremely well in PLA matrices. SLCNF formed a crosslinked network and had an improved compatibility, which improved the mechanical and thermal properties of PLA composites. The tensile strength, elongation at break and thermal deformation temperature of the composites were increased by 12.6 %, 32.4 % and 9.1 °C, respectively. Moreover, SLCNF promoted the crystallization of PLA as a heterogeneous nucleating agent and the crystallinity was increased by about 40 %. This study provides an effective way to disperse nanocellulose in polymer matrix with high efficiency to enhance polymer-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Material Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China.
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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13
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Aynali F, Dandan Doganci M, Balci H. Thermo-mechanical characterization and antimicrobial performance of plasticized poly(lactic acid) films incorporated with non-leaching polycationic antimicrobials. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Surendran G, Sherje AP. Cellulose nanofibers and composites: An insight on basics and biomedical applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Abdelhamid HN, Mathew AP. Cellulose-Based Nanomaterials Advance Biomedicine: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5405. [PMID: 35628218 PMCID: PMC9140895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are various biomaterials, but none fulfills all requirements. Cellulose biopolymers have advanced biomedicine to satisfy high market demand and circumvent many ecological concerns. This review aims to present an overview of cellulose knowledge and technical biomedical applications such as antibacterial agents, antifouling, wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and bone regeneration. It includes an extensive bibliography of recent research findings from fundamental and applied investigations. Cellulose-based materials are tailorable to obtain suitable chemical, mechanical, and physical properties required for biomedical applications. The chemical structure of cellulose allows modifications and simple conjugation with several materials, including nanoparticles, without tedious efforts. They render the applications cheap, biocompatible, biodegradable, and easy to shape and process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Aji P. Mathew
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
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16
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Zezhong J, Haiyue W, Rongrong Z, Kun L, Qiao Z, Lei H, Liying G. Preparation and Catalytic Performance of Supramolecular Ionic Liquid Catalyst. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427222030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Nhi TTY, Cong TD, Hop TTT, Hai LN, Huu NT, Tung NT. Surface Modification of Cellulose Microfibrils with Silane Agent for Eco-Friendly Hydrophobic Coatings. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427222030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Jing M, Zhang L, Fan Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu C, Shen C. Markedly improved hydrophobicity of cellulose film via a simple one-step aminosilane-assisted ball milling. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118701. [PMID: 34742427 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most cellulose products lack water resistance due to the existence of abundant hydroxyl groups. In this work, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was modified via 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-assisted ball milling. Under the synergism between high-energy mechanical force field and APTES-modification, the fibrillation and hydrophobization of MFC were achieved simultaneously. Free-standing translucent cellulose films made of modified MFC were fabricated. The original crystal form of cellulose is maintained. The hydrophobicity of cellulose film markedly increases and the water contact angle goes up to 133.2 ± 3.4°, which might be ascribed to the combined effects of APTES-modification and rough film surface. In addition, the thermostability and mechanical properties of cellulose film are also improved via mechanochemical modification. This work provides a novel one-step fibrillation-hydrophobization method for cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Jing
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhengbing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yaming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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19
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Rashki S, Shakour N, Yousefi Z, Rezaei M, Homayoonfal M, Khabazian E, Atyabi F, Aslanbeigi F, Safaei Lapavandani R, Mazaheri S, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Cellulose-Based Nanofibril Composite Materials as a New Approach to Fight Bacterial Infections. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:732461. [PMID: 34858953 PMCID: PMC8631928 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.732461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant microorganisms have become an enormous global challenge, and are predicted to cause hundreds of millions of deaths. Therefore, the search for novel/alternative antimicrobial agents is a grand global challenge. Cellulose is an abundant biopolymer with the advantages of low cost, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. With the recent growth of nanotechnology and nanomedicine, numerous researchers have investigated nanofibril cellulose to try to develop an anti-bacterial biomaterial. However, nanofibril cellulose has no inherent antibacterial activity, and therefore cannot be used on its own. To empower cellulose with anti-bacterial properties, new efficient nanomaterials have been designed based on cellulose-based nanofibrils as potential wound dressings, food packaging, and for other antibacterial applications. In this review we summarize reports concerning the therapeutic potential of cellulose-based nanofibrils against various bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Rashki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Neda Shakour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefi
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khabazian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aslanbeigi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Mazaheri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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20
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Khattak S, Qin XT, Huang LH, Xie YY, Jia SR, Zhong C. Preparation and characterization of antibacterial bacterial cellulose/chitosan hydrogels impregnated with silver sulfadiazine. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:483-493. [PMID: 34450146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels with pH sensitivity and stable mechanical and antibacterial properties have many desirable qualities and broad applications. A hydrogel based on bacterial cellulose and chitosan, impregnated with silver sulfadiazine (<1% w/w), was prepared using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The presence of SSd was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Micropore size, swelling ratio, pH- sensitivity, and gram positive and negative antibacterial properties were studied by disk diffusion and colony forming unit. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of amorphous and crystalline regions in the hydrogel matrix following addition of SSd. The elemental composition, morphology, and mechanical properties of the hydrogels were characterized. Incorporation of SSd into bacterial cellulose-chitosan hydrogels significantly improved their mechanical and antibacterial properties. The antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus was evaluated and SSd-BC/Ch hydrogels are more toxic to S. aureus than to E. coli. We use FESEM to observe bacterial morphology before and after exposure to SSd-BC/Ch hydrogels. The BacLight LIVE/DEAD membrane permeability kit is used to evaluate the membrane permeability of bacteria. These antibacterial hydrogels have many promising applications in food packaging, tissue engineering, drug delivery, clinical, biotechnological, and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahia Khattak
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Long-Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shi-Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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21
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Hamdan N, Yamin A, Hamid SA, Khodir WKWA, Guarino V. Functionalized Antimicrobial Nanofibers: Design Criteria and Recent Advances. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:59. [PMID: 34842715 PMCID: PMC8628998 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health and it is spreading globally. It can cause common infectious diseases to be difficult to treat and leads to higher medical costs and increased mortality. Hence, multifunctional polymeric nanofibers with distinctive structures and unique physiochemical properties have emerged as a neo-tool to target biofilm and overcome deadly bacterial infections. This review emphasizes electrospun nanofibers' design criteria and properties that can be utilized to enhance their therapeutic activity for antimicrobial therapy. Also, we present recent progress in designing the surface functionalization of antimicrobial nanofibers with non-antibiotic agents for effective antibacterial therapy. Lastly, we discuss the future trends and remaining challenges for polymeric nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazirah Hamdan
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; (N.H.); (A.Y.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Alisa Yamin
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; (N.H.); (A.Y.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Shafida Abd Hamid
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; (N.H.); (A.Y.); (S.A.H.)
- SYNTOF, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Wan Khartini Wan Abdul Khodir
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; (N.H.); (A.Y.); (S.A.H.)
- SYNTOF, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad.20, V.le J.F.Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
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22
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Surface Modified Nanocellulose and Its Reinforcement in Natural Rubber Matrix Nanocomposites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193241. [PMID: 34641056 PMCID: PMC8512685 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber is of significant economic importance owing to its excellent resilience, elasticity, abrasion and impact resistance. Despite that, natural rubber has been identified with some drawbacks such as low modulus and strength and therefore opens up the opportunity for adding a reinforcing agent. Apart from the conventional fillers such as silica, carbon black and lignocellulosic fibers, nanocellulose is also one of the ideal candidates. Nanocellulose is a promising filler with many excellent properties such as renewability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, reactive surface, low density, high specific surface area, high tensile and elastic modulus. However, it has some limitations in hydrophobicity, solubility and compatibility and therefore it is very difficult to achieve good dispersion and interfacial properties with the natural rubber matrix. Surface modification is often carried out to enhance the interfacial compatibilities between nanocellulose and natural rubber and to alleviate difficulties in dispersing them in polar solvents or polymers. This paper aims to highlight the different surface modification methods employed by several researchers in modifying nanocellulose and its reinforcement effects in the natural rubber matrix. The mechanism of the different surface medication methods has been discussed. The review also lists out the conventional filler that had been used as reinforcing agent for natural rubber. The challenges and future prospective has also been concluded in the last part of this review.
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23
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24
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Lorusso E, Feng Y, Schneider J, Kamps L, Parasothy N, Mayer‐Gall T, Gutmann JS, Ali W. Investigation of aminolysis routes on PET fabrics using different amine‐based materials. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Lorusso
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord‐West ÖP GmbH Adlerstr. 1 Krefeld 47798 Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 2 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 2 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Jessica Schneider
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord‐West gGmbH Adlerstr. 1 Krefeld 47798 Germany
| | - Leonie Kamps
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord‐West gGmbH Adlerstr. 1 Krefeld 47798 Germany
| | - Nirtharsan Parasothy
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 2 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Thomas Mayer‐Gall
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord‐West ÖP GmbH Adlerstr. 1 Krefeld 47798 Germany
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord‐West gGmbH Adlerstr. 1 Krefeld 47798 Germany
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord‐West ÖP GmbH Adlerstr. 1 Krefeld 47798 Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 2 Essen 45141 Germany
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord‐West gGmbH Adlerstr. 1 Krefeld 47798 Germany
| | - Wael Ali
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord‐West ÖP GmbH Adlerstr. 1 Krefeld 47798 Germany
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord‐West gGmbH Adlerstr. 1 Krefeld 47798 Germany
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25
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Production and characterization of non-leaching antimicrobial and hydrophilic polycaprolactone based nanofiber mats. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Fabrication of anti-bacterial, hydrophobic and UV resistant galactomannan-zinc oxide nanocomposite films. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Soleimani A, Hamedi S, Babaeipour V, Rouhi M. Design, construction and optimization a flexible bench-scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) for enhanced production of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter Xylinium. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1071-1080. [PMID: 33515114 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this research a bench scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) was designed and constructed to produce BC. The effects of variables including rotation speed of the disk, distance between disks, disk type and external aeration on BC productivity were investigated. Results showed that the highest weight of BC produced on the surface of integrated polyethylene discs which rotated at 13 rpm. It was also found that the highest amount of BC was obtained when the space between two adjacent discs was adjusted to 1 cm and the disk number was 16. An aquarium pump was used to investigate the impact of aeration on RBC made of 12 integrated polyethylene discs and operated at optimal rotation speed of 13 rpm. Disk spacing distance was adjusted to 1.5 cm to consider the possible increasing of the thickness of BC film by aeration. Wet weight and dry weight of BC resulted from aerated fermentation increased more than 64 and 47%, respectively as compared to non-aerated RBC. In comparison with static culture, wet weight and dry weight of BC produced in aerated RBC fermentation increased more than 90.7 and 71%, respectively. Nanoscale structure of produced bacterial cellulose was confirmed by SEM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soleimani
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Hamedi
- Department of Biological Remediation, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valiollah Babaeipour
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Motahreh Rouhi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Darpentigny C, Sillard C, Menneteau M, Martinez E, Marcoux PR, Bras J, Jean B, Nonglaton G. Antibacterial Cellulose Nanopapers via Aminosilane Grafting in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8402-8413. [PMID: 35019612 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present an innovative strategy for the grafting of an antibacterial agent onto nanocellulose materials in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Dense cellulose nanofibril (CNF) nanopapers were prepared and subsequently functionalized in supercritical carbon dioxide with an aminosilane, N-(6-aminohexyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AHA-P-TMS). Surface characterization (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, ζ-potential analysis) evidenced the presence of the aminosilane. The results show that the silane conformation depends on the curing process: a nonpolycondensed conformation of grafted silane with the amino groups facing outwards was favored by curing in an oven, while the curing step performed in scCO2 yielded CNF structures with the alkyl chain facing outwards. The grafted nanopapers exhibited antibacterial activity, and no antibacterial agent was released into the media. Furthermore, these materials proved to benefit from low cytotoxicity. This study offers a proof of concept for the covalent grafting of active species on nanocellulose structures and the control of aminosilane orientation using a green and controlled approach. These newly designed materials could be used for their antibacterial activity in the biomedical field. Thus, perspectives for topical administration and design of wound dressing could be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Darpentigny
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Sillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Menneteau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Eugénie Martinez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre R Marcoux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Bras
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno Jean
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
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29
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Synthesis of novel superdisintegrants for pharmaceutical tableting based on functionalized nanocellulose hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:667-675. [PMID: 33249148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Superdisintegrants have an important function in Fast dissolving tablets (FDT). It's believed that an increase in surface to the mass (size reduction) can enhance their performance. Due to the obligation of pharmaceutical excipients being in GRAS (generally recognized as safe) list, we've devoted our research to modify one of the routinely used and important natural polymer, cellulose, as superdisintegrant. Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was extracted from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) via the sulfuric acid hydrolysis process. NCC derivatives have been synthesized by Itaconic acid/Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (IA/HEMA) via maleic anhydride (MA) to acquire unique swellability properties in to achieve superabsorbent cellulose-based nano hydrogel with the cross-linking system. The disintegration performance of prepared tablets was compared with tablets composed of sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and MCC as positive and negative controls. The results show that the disintegration time of tablets formulated with synthesized modified NCC (m-NCC) decreased dramatically compared to other disintegrants. The dissolution analysis showed suitable condition for complete drug release in a shorter time. The in vitro cytotoxic experiments proved the biocompatibility of newly synthesized superdisintegrant. The dissolution Analysis findings suggest that our developed novel superdisintegrant paves the way for the formulation of fast dissolving tablets containing rapidly acting medicines such as zolpidem.
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Liu W, Gu J, Huang C, Lai C, Ling Z, Yong Q. Fabrication of hydrophobic and high-strength packaging films based on the esterification modification of galactomannan. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1221-1229. [PMID: 33189754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in substituting current packaging films with biologically-derived films without compromising mechanical properties and hydrophobicity. In this work, the esterified galactomannan (E-GM) films with good hydrophobicity, excellent oxygen barrier performance and high tensile mechanical strength were synthesized using anhydride esterification method prior to film formation. The hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, barrier properties, thermal stability and ultraviolet absorption of the prepared films were determined to fully investigate the features of galactomannan-based films. The results indicated that GM films can be successfully obtained by esterification. Compared to neat GM film, E-GM-1.5 film (acetic anhydride to GM of 1.5:1) achieved the highest degree of esterification (0.05), hydrophobicity (107°) and mechanical strength (92.0 MPa). In addition, the esterified GM films had lower toxicity for macrophages cells. The prepared E-GM films may provide more opportunities for further advancement and applications in the development of food packaging from natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jie Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Shokri M, Moradi S, Amini S, Shahlaei M, Seidi F, Saedi S. A novel amino cellulose derivative using ATRP method: Preparation, characterization, and investigation of its antibacterial activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104355. [PMID: 33223200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a novel amino cellulose derivative (benzyl cellulose-g-poly [2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]) via a homogeneous ATRP method. The successful synthesis of the novel amino cellulose was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR. This study addressed the different characteristics of the prepared polymer including the thermal stability, solubility, and X-ray diffraction pattern. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized cellulose derivative was investigated using the diffusion disk method against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. Based on the inhibition zone, it was confirmed that the prepared benzyl cellulose-g-PDMAEMA possesses acceptable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus while Bacillus subtilis is resistant to the prepared polymer. Also according to the inhibition zone, it was shown that benzyl cellulose-g-PDMAEMA has more impact on E. coli and Salmonella enterica than Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular dynamics simulation was also used to study the interaction of the synthesized cellulose derivative with a model membrane which presented atomistic details of the polymer-lipid interactions. According to the results obtained from the molecular dynamics simulation, the polymer was able to destabilize the structure of the membrane and clearly express its signs of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastaneh Shokri
- Department of Chemistry, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sabrieh Amini
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shahab Saedi
- Department of Chemistry, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Hassan G, Forsman N, Wan X, Keurulainen L, Bimbo LM, Stehl S, van Charante F, Chrubasik M, Prakash AS, Johansson LS, Mullen DC, Johnston BF, Zimmermann R, Werner C, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Coenye T, Saris PEJ, Österberg M, Moreira VM. Non-leaching, Highly Biocompatible Nanocellulose Surfaces That Efficiently Resist Fouling by Bacteria in an Artificial Dermis Model. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4095-4108. [PMID: 35025484 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm infections incur massive costs on healthcare systems worldwide. Particularly worrisome are the infections associated with pressure ulcers and prosthetic, plastic, and reconstructive surgeries, where staphylococci are the major biofilm-forming pathogens. Non-leaching antimicrobial surfaces offer great promise for the design of bioactive coatings to be used in medical devices. However, the vast majority are cationic, which brings about undesirable toxicity. To circumvent this issue, we have developed antimicrobial nanocellulose films by direct functionalization of the surface with dehydroabietic acid derivatives. Our conceptually unique design generates non-leaching anionic surfaces that reduce the number of viable staphylococci in suspension, including drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, by an impressive 4-5 log units, upon contact. Moreover, the films clearly prevent bacterial colonization of the surface in a model mimicking the physiological environment in chronic wounds. Their activity is not hampered by high protein content, and they nurture fibroblast growth at the surface without causing significant hemolysis. In this work, we have generated nanocellulose films with indisputable antimicrobial activity demonstrated using state-of-the-art models that best depict an "in vivo scenario". Our approach is to use fully renewable polymers and find suitable alternatives to silver and cationic antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Hassan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Forsman
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Keurulainen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis M Bimbo
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, U.K
| | - Susanne Stehl
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frits van Charante
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 460 Ottergemsesteenweg, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Michael Chrubasik
- EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, U.K.,National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, U.K
| | - Aruna S Prakash
- EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, U.K.,National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, U.K
| | - Leena-Sisko Johansson
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Declan C Mullen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, U.K
| | - Blair F Johnston
- EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, U.K.,National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, U.K
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 460 Ottergemsesteenweg, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Per E J Saris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Vânia M Moreira
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, U.K
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Tavakolian M, Jafari SM, van de Ven TGM. A Review on Surface-Functionalized Cellulosic Nanostructures as Biocompatible Antibacterial Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:73. [PMID: 34138290 PMCID: PMC7770792 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant biopolymer on the earth, cellulose has recently gained significant attention in the development of antibacterial biomaterials. Biodegradability, renewability, strong mechanical properties, tunable aspect ratio, and low density offer tremendous possibilities for the use of cellulose in various fields. Owing to the high number of reactive groups (i.e., hydroxyl groups) on the cellulose surface, it can be readily functionalized with various functional groups, such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and amines, leading to diverse properties. In addition, the ease of surface modification of cellulose expands the range of compounds which can be grafted onto its structure, such as proteins, polymers, metal nanoparticles, and antibiotics. There are many studies in which cellulose nano-/microfibrils and nanocrystals are used as a support for antibacterial agents. However, little is known about the relationship between cellulose chemical surface modification and its antibacterial activity or biocompatibility. In this study, we have summarized various techniques for surface modifications of cellulose nanostructures and its derivatives along with their antibacterial and biocompatibility behavior to develop non-leaching and durable antibacterial materials. Despite the high effectiveness of surface-modified cellulosic antibacterial materials, more studies on their mechanism of action, the relationship between their properties and their effectivity, and more in vivo studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Tavakolian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
- Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), Montreal, Canada
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Theo G M van de Ven
- Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Hamedi S, Shojaosadati SA, Najafi V, Alizadeh V. A novel double-network antibacterial hydrogel based on aminated bacterial cellulose and schizophyllan. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Yang X, Li D, Zhai J, Wang F, Xue B, Zhu J, Li Y. Pickering emulsion prepared by bi-functional graphene oxide as efficient catalyst for aqueous nucleophilic substitution reactions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Ferreira FJ, Silva LS, da Silva MS, Osajima JA, Meneguin AB, Santagneli SH, Barud HS, Bezerra RD, Silva-Filho EC. Understanding kinetics and thermodynamics of the interactions between amitriptyline or eosin yellow and aminosilane-modified cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Mapelli C, Musatti A, Barbiroli A, Saini S, Bras J, Cavicchioli D, Rollini M. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-sakacin-A active material: production, characterization and application in storage trials of smoked salmon. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4731-4738. [PMID: 30924936 PMCID: PMC6618110 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sakacin-A due to its specific antimicrobial activity may represent a good candidate to develop active packaging solutions for food items supporting Listeria growth. In the present study a protein extract containing the bacteriocin sakacin-A, produced by Lactobacillus sakei Lb 706 in a low-cost culture medium containing deproteinized cheese whey, was adsorbed onto cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) to obtain an active material to be used as a mat (or a separator) in direct contact with foods. RESULTS The applied fermentation conditions allowed 4.51 g L-1 of freeze-dried protein extract to be obtained, characterized by an antimicrobial activity of near 16 700 AU g-1 , that was used for the preparation of the active material by casting. The active material was then characterized by infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analyses. Antimicrobial trials were carried out in vitro using Listeria innocua as indicator strain; results were also confirmed in vivo, employing smoked salmon fillets intentionally inoculated with Listeria innocua: its final population was reduced to about 2.5-3 Log cycles after 28 days of storage at 6 °C in presence of sakacin-A, compared with negative control mats produced without the bacteriocin extract. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the possibility of producing an antimicrobial active material containing sakacin-A absorbed onto CNFs to decrease Listeria population in smoked salmon, a ready-to eat-food product. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mapelli
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences.Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Alida Musatti
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences.Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences.Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Seema Saini
- LGP2, Laboratory of Pulp & Paper ScienceInstitut Polytechnique de GrenobleGrenobleFrance
| | - Julien Bras
- LGP2, Laboratory of Pulp & Paper ScienceInstitut Polytechnique de GrenobleGrenobleFrance
| | - Daniele Cavicchioli
- ESP, Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Manuela Rollini
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences.Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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Sharma RK, Kumar R. Functionalized cellulose with hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate for metal ions and dye adsorption applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:704-721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Siuda J, Perdoch W, Mazela B, Zborowska M. Catalyzed Reaction of Cellulose and Lignin with Methyltrimethoxysilane-FT-IR, 13C NMR and 29Si NMR Studies. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12122006. [PMID: 31234564 PMCID: PMC6631634 DOI: 10.3390/ma12122006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It can be found that reaction mechanisms and interactions between wood and organosilicone compounds have not been sufficiently explored. The aim of the study was to determine bonds formed between either cellulose or lignin and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) during a catalytic silanization reaction. Silanization was performed in the presence of two catalysts of a diverse mechanism of functionalization: aluminum acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3) and acetic acid (AcOH). For this purpose, FT-IR, 13C and 29Si NMR techniques were used. Cellulose silanization efficiency without a catalyst was unlikely. Lignin undergoes a silanization reaction with alkoxysilanes much easier than cellulose. The results showed new bonds between biopolymers and the silanising agent. The new bonds were confirmed by signals at the FT-IR spectra, e.g., 770 cm−1 and 1270 cm−1 (Si–CH3), and at the NMR signal coming from the T1, T2 and T3 structures. Efficiency of reaction was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Siuda
- Institute of Wood Chemical Technology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Perdoch
- Institute of Wood Chemical Technology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Mazela
- Institute of Wood Chemical Technology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zborowska
- Institute of Wood Chemical Technology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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You X, Hu Q, Hu X, Chen H, Yang W, Zhang X. An Effective, Economical and Ultra-Fast Method for Hydrophobic Modification of NCC Using Poly(Methylhydrogen)Siloxane. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060963. [PMID: 31163595 PMCID: PMC6630631 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor compatibility between nanocellulose crystals (NCCs) and major polymers has limited the application of NCC as bio-reinforcements. In this work, an effective and ultra-fast method was investigated to significantly improve the hydrophobicity of NCC by using poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane (PMHS) as modifier. PMHS possessed amounts of reactive -Si-H groups and hydrophobic -CH3 groups. The former groups were reactive with the hydroxyl groups of NCC, while the latter groups afforded NCC very low surface energy. As the weight ratio of PMHS to NCC was only 0.0005%, the hydrophobicity of NCC was significantly improved by increasing the water contact angle of NCC from 0° to 134°. The effect of weight ratio of PMHS to NCC and the hydrogen content of -Si-H in PMHS on the hydrophobicity and thermal stability was investigated in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (X-ray Diffraction) XRD and (thermogravimetric analysis) TGA. The results indicated that PMHS chains were covalently grafted onto NCC and PMHS modification improved the thermal stability of NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing You
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Qingjian Hu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hanxian Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenbin Yang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xinxiang Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Wang M, Wang Y, Gao B, Bian Y, Liu X, He Z, Zeng Y, Du X, Gu Z. Fast Strategy to Functional Paper Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14445-14456. [PMID: 30907571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Paper, with advantages of low-cost, easy fabrication and disposal, flexibility and renewability, is a suitable substrate material for various applications. Functionalization and patterning on paper substrates are commonly required in many applications. Although many methods have been developed to achieve this, they typically suffer from some drawbacks such as time-consuming process, specific device dependence, lack of flexibility, low patterning resolution, and so forth. Herein, we present a general and fast method to functionalize paper sheets and create patterns. The whole modification process can be completed in 10 min and can be applied on various types of paper substrates and other natural materials such as natural fabrics. By our method, many commonly used functional groups can be covalently attached and patterned on paper substrates, while the characteristic features of the original paper substrates, for example, color, transparency, and conductivity, can be perfectly retained after modification to allow these properties to be incorporated into the resultant materials. High-resolution patterns can be created on paper by applying a photomask during the modification or controlling the time of modification to precisely control the functionality at any area on the obtained paper substrates. We also show the potential applications of our method in the fabrication of superhydrophobic coatings and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210006 , China
| | | | - Bingbing Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
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Muñoz-Bonilla A, Echeverria C, Sonseca Á, Arrieta MP, Fernández-García M. Bio-Based Polymers with Antimicrobial Properties towards Sustainable Development. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E641. [PMID: 30791651 PMCID: PMC6416599 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article concisely reviews the most recent contributions to the development of sustainable bio-based polymers with antimicrobial properties. This is because some of the main problems that humanity faces, nowadays and in the future, are climate change and bacterial multi-resistance. Therefore, scientists are trying to provide solutions to these problems. In an attempt to organize these antimicrobial sustainable materials, we have classified them into the main families; i.e., polysaccharides, proteins/polypeptides, polyesters, and polyurethanes. The review then summarizes the most recent antimicrobial aspects of these sustainable materials with antimicrobial performance considering their main potential applications in the biomedical field and in the food industry. Furthermore, their use in other fields, such as water purification and coating technology, is also described. Finally, some concluding remarks will point out the promise of this theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Coro Echeverria
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Águeda Sonseca
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marina P Arrieta
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Av. Complutense s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Afewerki S, Sheikhi A, Kannan S, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A. Gelatin-polysaccharide composite scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering: Towards natural therapeutics. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:96-115. [PMID: 30680322 PMCID: PMC6336672 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin is a promising material as scaffold with therapeutic and regenerative characteristics due to its chemical similarities to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the native tissues, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low antigenicity, cost-effectiveness, abundance, and accessible functional groups that allow facile chemical modifications with other biomaterials or biomolecules. Despite the advantages of gelatin, poor mechanical properties, sensitivity to enzymatic degradation, high viscosity, and reduced solubility in concentrated aqueous media have limited its applications and encouraged the development of gelatin-based composite hydrogels. The drawbacks of gelatin may be surmounted by synergistically combining it with a wide range of polysaccharides. The addition of polysaccharides to gelatin is advantageous in mimicking the ECM, which largely contains proteoglycans or glycoproteins. Moreover, gelatin-polysaccharide biomaterials benefit from mechanical resilience, high stability, low thermal expansion, improved hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, and wound healing potential. Here, we discuss how combining gelatin and polysaccharides provides a promising approach for developing superior therapeutic biomaterials. We review gelatin-polysaccharides scaffolds and their applications in cell culture and tissue engineering, providing an outlook for the future of this family of biomaterials as advanced natural therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Afewerki
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02142
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02142
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02142
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139
- Nanomedicine Division, Dept. of ZoologyPeriyar UniversitySalemTamil NaduIndia
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02142
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and TechnologyKonkuk UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Foster EJ, Moon RJ, Agarwal UP, Bortner MJ, Bras J, Camarero-Espinosa S, Chan KJ, Clift MJD, Cranston ED, Eichhorn SJ, Fox DM, Hamad WY, Heux L, Jean B, Korey M, Nieh W, Ong KJ, Reid MS, Renneckar S, Roberts R, Shatkin JA, Simonsen J, Stinson-Bagby K, Wanasekara N, Youngblood J. Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2609-2679. [PMID: 29658545 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Commercialization, paralleled by research in this field, is fueled by the unique combination of characteristics, such as high on-axis stiffness, sustainability, scalability, and mechanical reinforcement of a wide variety of materials, leading to their utility across a broad spectrum of high-performance material applications. However, with this exponential growth in interest/activity, the development of measurement protocols necessary for consistent, reliable and accurate materials characterization has been outpaced. These protocols, developed in the broader research community, are critical for the advancement in understanding, process optimization, and utilization of CNMs in materials development. This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johan Foster
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, 445 Old Turner St, 203 Holden Hall, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA.
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Chin KM, Sung Ting S, Ong HL, Omar M. Surface functionalized nanocellulose as a veritable inclusionary material in contemporary bioinspired applications: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Mern Chin
- School of Bioprocess Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP); Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia
| | - Sam Sung Ting
- School of Bioprocess Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP); Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia
| | - Hui Lin Ong
- School of Materials Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP); Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia
| | - Mf Omar
- School of Materials Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP); Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia
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