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Xu H, Song Y. Analyzing the Functional Roles and Immunological Features of Chemokines in COAD. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5410. [PMID: 38791448 PMCID: PMC11121388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are key proteins that regulate cell migration and immune responses and are essential for modulating the tumor microenvironment. Despite their close association with colon cancer, the expression patterns, prognosis, immunity, and specific roles of chemokines in colon cancer are still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the mutational features, differential expression, and immunological characteristics of chemokines in colon cancer (COAD) by analyzing the Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We clarified the biological functions of these chemokines using Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. By univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses, we developed chemokine-based prognostic risk models. In addition, using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Set Variant Analysis (GSVA), we analyzed the differences in immune responses and signaling pathways among different risk groups. The results showed that the mutation rate of chemokines was low in COAD, but 25 chemokines were significantly differentially expressed. These chemokines function in several immune-related biological processes and play key roles in signaling pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, NF-kappa B, and IL-17. Prognostic risk models based on CCL22, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL11 performed well. GSEA and GSVA analyses showed significant differences in immune responses and signaling pathways across risk groups. In conclusion, this study reveals the potential molecular mechanisms of chemokines in COAD and proposes a new prognostic risk model based on these insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houxi Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Yihua Song
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Boon K, Vanalken N, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A, Schols D, Van Loy T. Systematic assessment of chemokine ligand bias at the human chemokine receptor CXCR2 indicates G protein bias over β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:43. [PMID: 38233929 PMCID: PMC10795402 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) interacting with multiple chemokines (i.e., CXC chemokine ligands CXCL1-3 and CXCL5-8). It is involved in inflammatory diseases as well as cancer. Consequently, much effort is put into the identification of CXCR2 targeting drugs. Fundamental research regarding CXCR2 signaling is mainly focused on CXCL8 (IL-8), which is the first and best described high-affinity ligand for CXCR2. Much less is known about CXCR2 activation induced by other chemokines and it remains to be determined to what extent potential ligand bias exists within this signaling system. This insight might be important to unlock new opportunities in therapeutic targeting of CXCR2. METHODS Ligand binding was determined in a competition binding assay using labeled CXCL8. Activation of the ELR + chemokine-induced CXCR2 signaling pathways, including G protein activation, β-arrestin1/2 recruitment, and receptor internalization, were quantified using NanoBRET-based techniques. Ligand bias within and between these pathways was subsequently investigated by ligand bias calculations, with CXCL8 as the reference CXCR2 ligand. Statistical significance was tested through a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test. RESULTS All chemokines (CXCL1-3 and CXCL5-8) were able to displace CXCL8 from CXCR2 with high affinity and activated the same panel of G protein subtypes (Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, GαoA, GαoB, and Gα15) without any statistically significant ligand bias towards any one type of G protein. Compared to CXCL8, all other chemokines were less potent in β-arrestin1 and -2 recruitment and receptor internalization while equivalently activating G proteins, indicating a G protein activation bias for CXCL1,-2,-3,-5,-6 and CXCL7. Lastly, with CXCL8 used as reference ligand, CXCL2 and CXCL6 showed ligand bias towards β-arrestin1/2 recruitment compared to receptor internalization. CONCLUSION This study presents an in-depth analysis of signaling bias upon CXCR2 stimulation by its chemokine ligands. Using CXCL8 as a reference ligand for bias index calculations, no ligand bias was observed between chemokines with respect to activation of separate G proteins subtypes or recruitment of β-arrestin1/2 subtypes, respectively. However, compared to β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization, CXCL1-3 and CXCL5-7 were biased towards G protein activation when CXCL8 was used as reference ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrijn Boon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan Vanalken
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Loy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Li DJ, Zhong ZJ, Wang XL, Wei N, Zhao SJ, Shan TT, Liu YP, Yu YQ. Chemokine receptor CXCR2 in primary sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglion mediates orofacial itch. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1279237. [PMID: 37953876 PMCID: PMC10637378 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1279237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The CXCR2 chemokine receptor is known to have a significant impact on the initiation and control of inflammatory processes. However, its specific involvement in the sensation of itch is not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of CXCR2 in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) by utilizing orofacial itch models induced by incision, chloroquine (CQ), and histamine. Our results revealed a significant up-regulation of CXCR2 mRNA and protein expressions in the primary sensory neurons of TG in response to itch stimuli. The CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002 resulted in notable decrease in CXCR2 protein expression and reduction in scratch behaviors. Distal infraorbital nerve (DION) microinjection of a specific shRNA virus inhibited CXCR2 expression in TG neurons and reversed itch behaviors. Additionally, the administration of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 resulted in a decrease in the expressions of p-Akt, Akt, and CXCR2 in TG neurons, thereby mitigating pruritic behaviors. Collectively, we report that CXCR2 in the primary sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglion contributes to orofacial itch through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These observations highlight the potential of molecules involved in the regulation of CXCR2 as viable therapeutic targets for the treatment of itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhen-Juan Zhong
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Na Wei
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhao
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Yao-Qing Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
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Chen Z, Will R, Kim SN, Busch MA, Dünker N, Dammann P, Sure U, Zhu Y. Novel Function of Cancer Stem Cell Marker ALDH1A3 in Glioblastoma: Pro-Angiogenesis through Paracrine PAI-1 and IL-8. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4422. [PMID: 37686698 PMCID: PMC10487054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyper-angiogenesis is a typical feature of glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor. We have reported the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) in proliferating vasculature in GBM patients. We hypothesized that ALDH1A3 may act as an angiogenesis promoter in GBM. Two GBM cell lines were lentivirally transduced with either ALDH1A3 (ox) or an empty vector (ev). The angiogenesis phenotype was studied in indirect and direct co-culture of endothelial cells (ECs) with oxGBM cells (oxGBMs) and in an angiogenesis model in vivo. Angiogenesis array was performed in oxGBMs. RT2-PCR, Western blot, and double-immunofluorescence staining were performed to confirm the expression of targets identified from the array. A significantly activated angiogenesis phenotype was observed in ECs indirectly and directly co-cultured with oxGBMs and in vivo. Overexpression of ALDH1A3 (oxALDH1A3) led to a marked upregulation of PAI-1 and IL-8 mRNA and protein and a consequential increased release of both proteins. Moreover, oxALDH1A3-induced angiogenesis was abolished by the treatment of the specific inhibitors, respectively, of PAI-1 and IL-8 receptors, CXCR1/2. This study defined ALDH1A3 as a novel angiogenesis promoter. oxALDH1A3 in GBM cells stimulated EC angiogenesis via paracrine upregulation of PAI-1 and IL-8, suggesting ALDH1A3-PAI-1/IL-8 as a novel signaling for future anti-angiogenesis therapy in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Will
- Core Facility Cellular Tools, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Su Na Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maike Anna Busch
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole Dünker
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Qin H, Zhuang W, Liu X, Wu J, Li S, Wang Y, Liu X, Chen C, Zhang H. Targeting CXCR1 alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury through promoting glutamine metabolism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112745. [PMID: 37405911 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although increasing evidence suggests potential iatrogenic injury from supplemental oxygen therapy, significant exposure to hyperoxia in critically ill patients is inevitable. This study shows that hyperoxia causes lung injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, prolonged inspiration of oxygen at concentrations higher than 80% is found to cause redox imbalance and impair alveolar microvascular structure. Knockout of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (Cxcr1) inhibits the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from neutrophils and synergistically enhances the ability of endothelial cells to eliminate ROS. We also combine transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis and find that CXCR1 knockdown promotes glutamine metabolism and leads to reduced glutathione by upregulating the expression of malic enzyme 1. This preclinical evidence suggests that a conservative oxygen strategy should be recommended and indicates that targeting CXCR1 has the potential to restore redox homeostasis by reducing oxygen toxicity when inspiratory hyperoxia treatment is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junqi Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangming Liu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu, China.
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Jiang S, Liang J, Li W, Wang L, Song M, Xu S, Liu G, Du Q, Zhai D, Tang L, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhang B. The role of CXCL1/CXCR2 axis in neurological diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110330. [PMID: 37247498 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL) 1 and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR) 2 are widely expressed in the peripheral nervous systems (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS) and are involved in the development of inflammation and pain after various nerve injuries. Once a nerve is damaged, it affects not only the neuron itself but also lesions elsewhere in its dominant site. After the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis is activated, multiple downstream pathways can be activated, such as c-Raf/MAPK/AP-1, p-PKC-μ/p-ILK/NLRP3, JAK2/STAT3, TAK1/NF-κB, etc. These pathways in turn mediate cellular motility state or cell migration. CXCR2 is expressed on the surface of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. These cells can be recruited to the lesion through the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis to participate in the inflammatory response. The expression of CXCR2 in neurons can activate some pathways in neurons through the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis, thereby causing damage to neurons. CXCR2 is also expressed in astrocytes, and when CXCR2 activated, it increases the number of astrocytes but impairs their function. Since inflammation can occur at almost any site of injury, elucidating the mechanism of CXCL1/CXCR2 axis' influence on inflammation may provide a favorable target for clinical treatment. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis in neurological diseases, aiming to provide a more meaningful theoretical basis for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Meiying Song
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Guixian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Qiaochu Du
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Dongchang Zhai
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
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Xing D, Hage FG, Feng W, Guo Y, Oparil S, Sanders PW. Endothelial cells overexpressing CXCR1/2 are renoprotective in rats with acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F374-F386. [PMID: 36794755 PMCID: PMC10042609 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00238.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation that develops with the release of chemokines and cytokines during acute kidney injury (AKI) has been shown to participate in functional renal recovery. Although a major research focus has been on the role of macrophages, the family of C-X-C motif chemokines that promote neutrophil adherence and activation also increases with kidney ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study tested the hypothesis that intravenous delivery of endothelial cells (ECs) that overexpress (C-X-C motif) chemokine receptors 1 and 2 (CXCR1 and CXCR2, respectively) improves outcomes in kidney I/R injury. Overexpression of CXCR1/2 enhanced homing of endothelial cells to I/R-injured kidneys and limited interstitial fibrosis, capillary rarefaction, and tissue injury biomarkers (serum creatinine concentration and urinary kidney injury molecule-1) following AKI and also reduced expression of P-selectin and the rodent (C-X-C motif) chemokine cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-2β as well as the number of myeloperoxidase-positive cells in the postischemic kidney. The serum chemokine/cytokine profile, including CINC-1, showed similar reductions. These findings were not observed in rats given endothelial cells transduced with an empty adenoviral vector (null-ECs) or a vehicle alone. These data indicate that extrarenal endothelial cells that overexpress CXCR1 and CXCR2, but not null-ECs or vehicle alone, reduce I/R kidney injury and preserve kidney function in a rat model of AKI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inflammation facilitates kidney ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Endothelial cells (ECs) that were modified to overexpress (C-X-C motif) chemokine receptor (CXCR)1/2 (CXCR1/2-ECs) were injected immediately following kidney I/R injury. The interaction of CXCR1/2-ECs, but not ECs transduced with an empty adenoviral vector, with injured kidney tissue preserved kidney function and reduced production of inflammatory markers, capillary rarefaction, and interstitial fibrosis. The study highlights a functional role for the C-X-C chemokine pathway in kidney damage following I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Xing
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Fadi G Hage
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Wenguang Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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8
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Molczyk C, Singh RK. CXCR1: A Cancer Stem Cell Marker and Therapeutic Target in Solid Tumors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020576. [PMID: 36831112 PMCID: PMC9953306 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance is a significant concern while treating malignant disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that a subset of cancer cells potentiates tumor survival, therapy resistance, and relapse. Several different pathways regulate these purported cancer stem cells (CSCs). Evidence shows that the inflammatory tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in maintaining the cancer stem cell pool. Typically, in the case of the tumor microenvironment, inflammatory pathways can be utilized by the tumor to aid in tumor progression; one such pathway is the CXCR1/2 pathway. The CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors are intricately related, with CXCR1 binding two ligands that also bind CXCR2. They have the same downstream pathways but potentially separate roles in the tumor microenvironment. CXCR1 is becoming more well known for its role as a cancer stem cell identifier and therapeutic target. This review elucidates the role of the CXCR1 axis as a CSC marker in several solid tumors and discusses the utility of CXCR1 as a therapeutic target.
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The Potential Importance of CXCL1 in the Physiological State and in Noncancer Diseases of the Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System and Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010205. [PMID: 36613652 PMCID: PMC9820720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a literature review of the role of CXC motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) in physiology, and in selected major non-cancer diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and skin. CXCL1, a cytokine belonging to the CXC sub-family of chemokines with CXC motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) as its main receptor, causes the migration and infiltration of neutrophils to the sites of high expression. This implicates CXCL1 in many adverse conditions associated with inflammation and the accumulation of neutrophils. The aim of this study was to describe the significance of CXCL1 in selected diseases of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, chronic ischemic heart disease, hypertension, sepsis including sepsis-associated encephalopathy and sepsis-associated acute kidney injury), the respiratory system (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic rhinosinusitis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), influenza, lung transplantation and ischemic-reperfusion injury and tuberculosis) and the skin (wound healing, psoriasis, sunburn and xeroderma pigmentosum). Additionally, the significance of CXCL1 is described in vascular physiology, such as the effects of CXCL1 on angiogenesis and arteriogenesis.
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Targeting CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dong Q, Tian J, Zheng W, Fan Q, Wu X, Tang Y, Liu T, Yin H. Interleukin-33 protects mice against hindlimb ischemic injury by enhancing endothelial angiogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Martinez CA, Alvarez-Rodriguez M, Rodriguez-Martinez H. A decreased expression of interferon stimulated genes in peri-implantation endometrium of embryo transfer recipient sows could contribute to embryo death. Animal 2022; 16:100590. [PMID: 35843191 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig pregnancy succeeds thanks to a well-coordinated system ruling both maternal immune activation and embryonic antigen tolerance. In physiological pregnancies, the maternal immune system should tolerate the presence of hemi-allogeneic conceptuses from the pre-implantation phase to term, while maintaining maternal defence against pathogens. Allogeneic pregnancies, as after embryo transfer (ET), depict high embryo mortality during the attachment phase, calling for studies of the dynamic modifications in immune processes occurring at the maternal-foetal interface, for instance, of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs are generally activated by IFN secreted by the conceptus during the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) and responsible for recruiting immune cells to the site of embryo attachment, thus facilitating cell-antigen presentation and angiogenesis. We performed RNA-Seq analysis in peri-implantation (days 18 and 24) endometrial samples retrieved from artificially inseminated sows (hemi-allogeneic embryos (HAL) group) or sows subjected to ET (allogeneic embryos (AL) group) to monitor alterations of gene expression that could be jeopardising early pregnancy. Our results showed that endometrial gene expression patterns related to immune responses differed between hemi- or allogeneic embryo presence, with allogeneic embryos apparently inducing conspicuous modifications of immune-related genes and pathways. A decreased expression (P < 0.05; FC < -2) of several interferon ISGs, such as CXCL8, CXCL10, IRF1, IRF9, STAT1, and B2M, among others was detected in the endometrium of sows carrying allogeneic embryos on day 24 of pregnancy. This severe downregulation of ISGs in allogeneic pregnancies could represent a failure of ET-embryos to signal IFN to the endometrium to warrant the development of adequate immunotolerance mechanisms to facilitate embryo development, thus contributing to elevated embryo death.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - M Alvarez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - H Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Zhu L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang H, Shen G, Wang Z. Inhibitory effect of lingonberry extract on HepG2 cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270677. [PMID: 35802745 PMCID: PMC9269931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) extract contains various active ingredients with strong inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth. HepG2 cells were treated with various concentrations of lingonberry extract, cell inhibition rate was measured by CCK-8 assay, and apoptosis rate by annexin-propidium iodide double-staining assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and cell migration and invasion by transwell assay. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting were employed to analyze the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CXCL3). Ki-67, TUNEL, and transwell assays were used to verify the relationship between CXCL3 expression and cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The composition of lingonberry extract was: 37.58% cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, 10.96% kaempferol 3-O-arabinoside, 4.52% epicatechin, 4.35% chlorogenic acid, 3.83% catechinic acid, 1.54% isoquercitrin, 1.05% 4-hydroxycinnamon acid, 1.03% cyanidin chloride, 0.85% 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 0.55% quercetin, 0.36% D-(-)-quininic acid, 0.96% caffeic acid, 0.16% ferulic acid, 0.12% oleanolic acid, and 0.03% ursolic acid. Lingonberry extract inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. After 48 h exposure to 100 μg/mL extract the inhibition rate and IC50 were 80.89±6.05% and 22.62 μg/mL, respectively. Lingonberry extract promoted late apoptosis in HepG2 cells and arrested the cell cycle at G2/M and S phases. Lingonberry extract also promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 cancer cells, inhibiting their proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the expression of CXCL3. This study offers new insight into the antihepatoma activity of lingonberry extract and provides a basis for the development of pilot antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Zhu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Harbin, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guang Shen
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Martinez CA, Rodriguez‐Martinez H. Context is key: Maternal immune responses to pig allogeneic embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2022. [PMCID: PMC9542102 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Successful establishment of pregnancy includes the achievement of a state of immune tolerance toward the embryos (and placenta), where the well‐coordinated maternal immune system is capable of recognizing conceptus antigens while maintaining maternal defense against pathogens. In physiological pregnancies, following natural mating or artificial insemination (AI), the maternal immune system is exposed to the presence of hemi‐allogeneic embryos, that is, embryos containing maternal self‐antigens and foreign antigens from the paternal side. In this scenario, the hemi‐allogeneic embryo is recognized by the mother, but the immune system is locally modified to facilitate embryo implantation and pregnancy progression. Pig allogeneic pregnancies (with embryos containing both paternal and maternal material foreign to the recipient female), occur during embryo transfer (ET), with conspicuously high rates of embryonic death. Mortality mainly occurs during the peri‐attachment phase, suggesting that immune responses to allogeneic embryos are more complex and less efficient, hindering the conceptuses to survive to term. Reaching a similar maternal tolerance as in conventional breeding would render ET successful. The present review critically summarizes mechanisms of maternal immune recognition of pregnancy and factors associated with impaired maternal immune response to the presence of allogeneic embryos in the porcine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A. Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez‐Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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15
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Ciccone V, Terzuoli E, Ristori E, Filippelli A, Ziche M, Morbidelli L, Donnini S. ALDH1A1 overexpression in melanoma cells promotes tumor angiogenesis by activating the IL‑8/Notch signaling cascade. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:99. [PMID: 35656893 PMCID: PMC9186295 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ALDH1A1 is a cytosolic enzyme upregulated in tumor cells, involved in detoxifying cells from reactive aldehydes and in acquiring resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Its expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes in a number of cancers, including melanoma. The present study hypothesized that the increased ALDH1A1 expression and activity upregulated the release of proangiogenic factors from melanoma cells, which regulate angiogenic features in endothelial cells (ECs) through a rearrangement of the Notch pathway. In vivo, when subcutaneously implanted in immunodeficient mice, ALDH1A1 overexpressing melanoma cells displayed a higher microvessel density. In a 3D multicellular system, obtained co‑culturing melanoma cancer cells with stromal cells, including ECs, melanoma ALDH1A1 overexpression induced the recruitment of ECs into the core of the tumorspheres. By using a genes array, overexpression of ALDH1A1 in tumor cells also promoted modulation of Notch cascade gene expression in ECs, suggesting an interaction between tumor cells and ECs mediated by enrichment of angiogenic factors in the tumor microenvironment. To confirm this hypothesis, inactivation of ALDH1A1 by the pharmacological inhibitor CM037 significantly affected the release of angiogenic factors, including IL‑8, from melanoma cells. High levels of ALDH1A1, through the retinoic acid pathway, regulated the activation of NF‑kB‑p65 and IL‑8. Further, in a 2D co‑culture system, the addition of an IL‑8 neutralizing antibody to ECs co‑cultured with melanoma cells forced to express ALDH1A1 dampened endothelial angiogenic features, both at the molecular (in terms of gene and protein expression of mediators of the Notch pathway) and at the functional level (proliferation, scratch assay, tube formation and permeability). In conclusion, these findings demonstrated the existence of a link between melanoma ALDH1A1 expression and EC Notch signaling modification that results in a pro‑angiogenic phenotype. Based on the crucial role of ALDH1A1 in melanoma control of the tumor microenvironment, the enzyme seems a promising target for the development of novel drugs able to interrupt the cross‑talk between cancer (stem) cells and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | - Erika Terzuoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | - Emma Ristori
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | | | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
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Zhang R, Roque DM, Reader J, Lin J. Combined inhibition of IL‑6 and IL‑8 pathways suppresses ovarian cancer cell viability and migration and tumor growth. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:50. [PMID: 35315502 PMCID: PMC8973967 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer type in the United States. The success of current chemotherapies is limited by chemoresistance and side effects. Targeted therapy is a promising future direction for cancer therapy. In the present study, the efficacy of co‑targeting IL‑6 and IL‑8 in human ovarian cancer cells by bazedoxifene (Baze) + SCH527123 (SCH) treatment was examined. ELISA, cell viability, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell invasion, western blotting and peritoneal ovarian tumor mouse model analyses were performed to analyze the expression levels of IL‑6 and IL‑8, tumor growth, tumor migration and invasion, and the possible pathways of human ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3, CAOV3 and OVCAR3) and patient‑derived OV75 ovarian cancer cells. Each cell line was treated by monotherapy or combination therapy. The results demonstrated that IL‑6 and IL‑8 were secreted by human ovarian cancer cell lines. Compared with the DMSO control, the combination of IL‑6/glycoprotein 130 inhibitor Baze and IL‑8 inhibitor SCH synergistically inhibited cell viability in ovarian cancer cells. Baze + SCH also inhibited cell migration and invasion, suppressed ovarian tumor growth and inhibited STAT3 and AKT phosphorylation, as well as survivin expression. Therefore, co‑targeting the IL‑6 and IL‑8 signaling pathways may be an effective approach for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Dana M Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jocelyn Reader
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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17
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Saxena S, Singh RK. Chemokines orchestrate tumor cells and the microenvironment to achieve metastatic heterogeneity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:447-476. [PMID: 33959849 PMCID: PMC9863248 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, a subfamily of the cell cytokines, are low molecular weight proteins known to induce chemotaxis in leukocytes in response to inflammatory and pathogenic signals. A plethora of literature demonstrates that chemokines and their receptors regulate tumor progression and metastasis. With these diverse functionalities, chemokines act as a fundamental link between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Recent studies demonstrate that the biology of chemokines and their receptor in metastasis is complex as numerous chemokines are involved in regulating site-specific tumor growth and metastasis. Successful treatment of disseminated cancer is a significant challenge. The most crucial problem for treating metastatic cancer is developing therapy regimes capable of overcoming heterogeneity problems within primary tumors and among metastases and within metastases (intralesional). This heterogeneity of malignant tumor cells can be related to metastatic potential, response to chemotherapy or specific immunotherapy, and many other factors. In this review, we have emphasized the role of chemokines in the process of metastasis and metastatic heterogeneity. Individual chemokines may not express the full potential to address metastatic heterogeneity, but chemokine networks need exploration. Understanding the interplay between chemokine-chemokine receptor networks between the tumor cells and their microenvironment is a novel approach to overcome the problem of metastatic heterogeneity. Recent advances in the understanding of chemokine networks pave the way for developing a potential targeted therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA.
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18
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Zaw SYM, Kaneko T, Zaw ZCT, Sone PP, Murano H, Gu B, Okada Y, Han P, Katsube KI, Okiji T. Crosstalk between dental pulp stem cells and endothelial cells augments angiogenic factor expression. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1275-1283. [PMID: 32248596 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether the mesenchymal stem cell-endothelial cell crosstalk enhances angiogenic factor expression via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) were cocultured for 96 hr, in the presence of NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) or scramble (control). Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and phospho-NF-κB p65 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Angiogenesis-related gene expression was analyzed with microarray analysis followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tube formation assay was conducted in the presence of NF-κB decoy. RESULTS The VEGF and phospho-NF-κB p65 levels were significantly higher in the coculture with NF-κB decoy scramble than in single culture and coculture with NF-κB decoy ODN. Microarray analysis of SHEDs and HDMECs with NF-κB decoy scramble showed higher expression of proangiogenic genes, Bcl-2, NF-κB1, VEGFA, CXCL8, and CXCR1, and lower expression of proapoptotic genes, Bax and Caspase 9, compared to cells with NF-κB decoy ODN. Real-time PCR results for Bcl-2 and CXCL8 showed a similar trend. Tube formation assay showed more tube development in the presence of NF-κB decoy scramble. CONCLUSION The SHED-HDMEC crosstalk enhanced proangiogenic factor expression via NF-κB-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yee Myo Zaw
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Kaneko
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zar Chi Thein Zaw
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Phyo Pyai Sone
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Murano
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yamato Okada
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peifeng Han
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Caligiuri A, Pastore M, Lori G, Raggi C, Di Maira G, Marra F, Gentilini A. Role of Chemokines in the Biology of Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082215. [PMID: 32784743 PMCID: PMC7463556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a heterogeneous tumor with poor prognosis, can arise at any level in the biliary tree. It may derive from epithelial cells in the biliary tracts and peribiliary glands and possibly from progenitor cells or even hepatocytes. Several risk factors are responsible for CCA onset, however an inflammatory milieu nearby the biliary tree represents the most common condition favoring CCA development. Chemokines play a key role in driving the immunological response upon liver injury and may sustain tumor initiation and development. Chemokine receptor-dependent pathways influence the interplay among various cellular components, resulting in remodeling of the hepatic microenvironment towards a pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrogenic, pro-angiogenic and pre-neoplastic setting. Moreover, once tumor develops, chemokine signaling may influence its progression. Here we review the role of chemokines in the regulation of CCA development and progression, and the modulation of angiogenesis, metastasis and immune control. The potential role of chemokines and their receptors as possible biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for hepatobiliary cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Marra
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (A.G.); Tel.: +39-055-2758095 or +39-055-2758498 or +39-055-2758499 (F.M.); +39-055-2751801 (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Gentilini
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (A.G.); Tel.: +39-055-2758095 or +39-055-2758498 or +39-055-2758499 (F.M.); +39-055-2751801 (A.G.)
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20
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Armstrong CWD, Coulter JA, Ong CW, Maxwell PJ, Walker S, Butterworth KT, Lyubomska O, Berlingeri S, Gallagher R, O'Sullivan JM, Jain S, Mills IG, Prise KM, Bristow RG, LaBonte MJ, Waugh DJJ. Clinical and functional characterization of CXCR1/CXCR2 biology in the relapse and radiotherapy resistance of primary PTEN-deficient prostate carcinoma. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa012. [PMID: 32743555 PMCID: PMC7380483 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional impairment of the tumour suppressor PTEN is common in primary prostate cancer and has been linked to relapse post-radiotherapy (post-RT). Pre-clinical modelling supports elevated CXC chemokine signalling as a critical mediator of PTEN-depleted disease progression and therapeutic resistance. We assessed the correlation of PTEN deficiency with CXC chemokine signalling and its association with clinical outcomes. Gene expression analysis characterized a PTEN LOW/CXCR1HIGH/CXCR2HIGH cluster of tumours that associates with earlier time to biochemical recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 5.87 and 2.65, respectively] and development of systemic metastasis (HR 3.51). In vitro, CXCL signalling was further amplified following exposure of PTEN-deficient prostate cancer cell lines to ionizing radiation (IR). Inhibition of CXCR1/2 signalling in PTEN-depleted cell-based models increased IR sensitivity. In vivo, administration of a CXCR1/2-targeted pepducin (x1/2pal-i3), or CXCR2-specific antagonist (AZD5069), in combination with IR to PTEN-deficient xenografts attenuated tumour growth and progression compared to control or IR alone. Post-mortem analysis confirmed that x1/2pal-i3 administration attenuated IR-induced CXCL signalling and anti-apoptotic protein expression. Interventions targeting CXC chemokine signalling may provide an effective strategy to combine with RT in locally advanced prostate cancer patients with known presence of PTEN-deficient foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris W D Armstrong
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | | | - Chee Wee Ong
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610
| | - Pamela J Maxwell
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Steven Walker
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Karl T Butterworth
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Oksana Lyubomska
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Silvia Berlingeri
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Rebecca Gallagher
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Joe M O'Sullivan
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Suneil Jain
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Manchester CRUK Institute, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Melissa J LaBonte
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - David J J Waugh
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
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Biterge-Sut B. A comprehensive analysis of the angiogenesis-related genes in glioblastoma multiforme vs. brain lower grade glioma. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 78:34-38. [PMID: 32074192 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain tumors are one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths around the world. Angiogenesis is critical in high-grade malignant gliomas, such as glioblastoma multiforme. The aim of this study is to comparatively analyze the angiogenesis-related genes, namely VEGFA, VEGFB, KDR, CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 in LGG vs. GBM to identify molecular distinctions using datasets available on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). METHODS DNA sequencing and mRNA expression data for 514 brain lower grade glioma (LGG) and 592 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the genetic alterations and expression levels of the selected genes were analyzed. RESULTS We identified six distinct KDR mutations in the LGG patients and 18 distinct KDR mutations in the GBM patients, including missense and nonsense mutations, frame shift deletion and altered splice region. Furthermore, VEGFA and CXCL8 were significantly overexpressed within GBM patients. CONCLUSIONS VEGFA and CXCL8 are important factors for angiogenesis, which are suggested to have significant roles during tumorigenesis. Our results provide further evidence that VEGFA and CXCL8 could induce angiogenesis and promote LGG to progress into GBM. These findings could be useful in developing novel targeted therapeutics approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Biterge-Sut
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Nigde, Turkey
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22
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The Crucial Role of CXCL8 and Its Receptors in Colorectal Liver Metastasis. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:8023460. [PMID: 31827643 PMCID: PMC6886345 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8023460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CXCL8 (also known as IL-8) can produce different biological effects by binding to its receptors: CXCR1, CXCR2, and the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC). CXCL8 and its receptors are associated with the development of various tumor types, especially colorectal cancer and its liver metastases. In addition to promoting angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, migration, and the survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, CXCL8 and its receptors have also been known to induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells, to help them to escape host immunosurveillance as well as to enhance resistance to anoikis, which promotes the formation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their colonization of distant organs. In this paper, we will review the established roles of CXCL8 signaling in CRC and discuss the possible strategies of targeting CXCL8 signaling for overcoming CRC drug resistance and cancer progression, including direct targeting of CXCL8/CXCR1/2 or indirect targeting through the inhibition of CXCL8-CXCR1/2 signaling.
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Liubomirski Y, Lerrer S, Meshel T, Rubinstein-Achiasaf L, Morein D, Wiemann S, Körner C, Ben-Baruch A. Tumor-Stroma-Inflammation Networks Promote Pro-metastatic Chemokines and Aggressiveness Characteristics in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:757. [PMID: 31031757 PMCID: PMC6473166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays key roles in promoting disease progression in the aggressive triple-negative subtype of breast cancer (TNBC; Basal/Basal-like). Here, we took an integrative approach and determined the impact of tumor-stroma-inflammation networks on pro-metastatic phenotypes in TNBC. With the TCGA dataset we found that the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), as well as their target pro-metastatic chemokines CXCL8 (IL-8), CCL2 (MCP-1), and CCL5 (RANTES) were expressed at significantly higher levels in basal patients than luminal-A patients. Then, we found that TNFα- or IL-1β-stimulated co-cultures of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-549) with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressed significantly higher levels of CXCL8 compared to non-stimulated co-cultures or each cell type alone, with or without cytokine stimulation. CXCL8 was also up-regulated in TNBC co-cultures with breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) derived from patients. CCL2 and CCL5 also reached the highest expression levels in TNFα/IL-1β-stimulated TNBC:MSC/CAF co-cultures. The elevations in CXCL8 and CCL2 expression partly depended on direct physical contacts between the tumor cells and the MSCs/CAFs, whereas CCL5 up-regulation was entirely dependent on cell-to-cell contacts. Supernatants of TNFα-stimulated TNBC:MSC "Contact" co-cultures induced robust endothelial cell migration and sprouting. TNBC cells co-cultured with MSCs and TNFα gained migration-related morphology and potent migratory properties; they also became more invasive when co-cultured with MSCs/CAFs in the presence of TNFα. Using siRNA to CXCL8, we found that CXCL8 was significantly involved in mediating the pro-metastatic activities gained by TNFα-stimulated TNBC:MSC "Contact" co-cultures: angiogenesis, migration-related morphology of the tumor cells, as well as cancer cell migration and invasion. Importantly, TNFα stimulation of TNBC:MSC "Contact" co-cultures in vitro has increased the aggressiveness of the tumor cells in vivo, leading to higher incidence of mice with lung metastases than non-stimulated TNBC:MSC co-cultures. Similar tumor-stromal-inflammation networks established in-culture with luminal-A cells demonstrated less effective or differently-active pro-metastatic functions than those of TNBC cells. Overall, our studies identify novel tumor-stroma-inflammation networks that may promote TNBC aggressiveness by increasing the pro-malignancy potential of the TME and of the tumor cells themselves, and reveal key roles for CXCL8 in mediating these metastasis-promoting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Liubomirski
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shalom Lerrer
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Linor Rubinstein-Achiasaf
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dina Morein
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Chemokine Receptor 2 ( CXCR2) Gene Variants and Their Association with Periodontal Bacteria in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2061868. [PMID: 30863202 PMCID: PMC6378799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2061868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease caused by subgingival Gram-negative (G-) bacteria, is linked with loss of the connective tissue and destruction of the alveolar bone. In the regulation of inflammatory response, chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), a specific receptor for interleukin-8 and neutrophil chemoattractant, plays an important role. The first aim of this study was to investigate the CXCR2 gene variability in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and healthy nonperiodontitis controls in the Czech population. The second aim was to find a relation between CXCR2 gene variants and the presence of periodontal bacteria. A total of 500 unrelated subjects participated in this case-control study. 329 CP patients and 171 healthy nonperiodontitis controls were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction techniques for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): +785C/T (rs2230054), +1208T/C (rs1126579), and +1440A/G (rs1126580). A DNA microarray detection kit was used for the investigation of the subgingival bacterial colonization, in a subgroup of CP subjects (N = 162). No significant differences in allele, genotype, haplotype, or haplogenotype frequencies of CXCR2 gene variants between patients with CP and healthy controls (P > 0.05) were determined. Nevertheless, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was detected more frequently in men positive for the C allele of the CXCR2 +785C/T polymorphism (61.8% vs. 41.1%, P < 0.05; OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.03-5.20) and for the T allele of the CXCR2 +1208C/T variant (61.8% vs. 38.9%, P < 0.05; OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.13-5.71). In contrast, no statistically significant associations of CXCR2 variants with seven selected periodontal bacteria were found in women. Although none of the investigated SNPs in the CXCR2 gene was associated with CP, the CXCR2 gene variants can be associated with subgingival colonization of G- bacteria in men with CP in the Czech population.
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IL-8-induced O-GlcNAc modification via GLUT3 and GFAT regulates cancer stem cell-like properties in colon and lung cancer cells. Oncogene 2018; 38:1520-1533. [PMID: 30305725 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that is associated with induction of chemotaxis and degranulation of neutrophils. IL-8 is overexpressed in many tumors, including colon and lung cancer, and recent studies demonstrated essential roles for IL-8 in tumor progression within the tumor microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the functions of IL-8 in tumor progression is unclear. In this study, we found that IL-8 is overexpressed in colon and lung cancer cells with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics and is required for CSC properties, including tumor-initiating abilities. These findings suggest that IL-8 plays an essential role in the development of CSCs. We also showed that IL-8 stimulation of colon and lung cancer cells-induced glucose uptake and expressions of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and glucosamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT), a regulator of glucose flux to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, resulting in enhancement of protein O-GlcNAcylation. We demonstrated that these events are required for the generation and maintenance CSC-like characteristics of colon and lung cancer cells. Moreover, an O-GlcNAcylation inhibitor, OSMI1, reduced CSC number and tumor development in vivo. Together, these results reveal that IL-8-induced O-GlcNAcylation is required for generation and maintenance of CSCs of colon and lung cancer cells and suggests this regulatory pathway as a candidate therapeutic target of CSCs.
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Alfaro C, Sanmamed MF, Rodríguez-Ruiz ME, Teijeira Á, Oñate C, González Á, Ponz M, Schalper KA, Pérez-Gracia JL, Melero I. Interleukin-8 in cancer pathogenesis, treatment and follow-up. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:24-31. [PMID: 28866366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) was originally described asa chemokine whose main function is the attraction of a polymorphonuclear inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate acting on CXCR1/2. Recently, it has been found that tumors very frequently coopt the production of this chemokine, which in this malignant context exerts different pro-tumoral functions. Reportedly, these include angiogenesis, survival signaling for cancer stem cells and attraction of myeloid cells endowed with the ability to immunosuppress and locally provide growth factors. Given the fact that in cancer patients IL-8 is mainly produced by tumor cells themselves, its serum concentration has been shown to correlate with tumor burden. Thus, IL-8 serum concentrations have been shown to be useful asa pharmacodynamic biomarker to early detect response to immunotherapy. Finally, because of the roles that IL-8 plays in favoring tumor progression, several therapeutic strategies are being developed to interfere with its functions. Such interventions hold promise, especially for therapeutic combinations in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alfaro
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Carmen Oñate
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro González
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Ponz
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - José L Pérez-Gracia
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
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27
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Li JJ, Ma FX, Wang YW, Chen F, Lu SH, Chi Y, Du WJ, Song BQ, Hu LD, Chen H, Han ZC. Knockdown of IL-8 Provoked Premature Senescence of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:912-931. [PMID: 28418782 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise for use in cell therapy, and due to their tumor tropism can serve as vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents to tumor sites. Because interleukin-8 (IL-8) is known to mediate the protumor effect of MSCs, elimination of IL-8 secretion by MSCs may enhance their safety for use in cancer gene therapy. However, little is known concerning the effect of endogenously secreted IL-8 on MSCs. We performed studies using placenta-derived MSCs (PMSCs) to determine whether knockdown of IL-8 would influence their biological activity. We first verified that IL-8 and its membrane receptor CXCR2, but not CXCR1, were highly expressed in PMSCs. We then employed lentivirus-mediated small hairpin RNA interference to generate stable IL-8-silenced PMSCs, which displayed a variety of characteristic senescent phenotypes. We observed that at day 9 post-transfection, IL-8-silenced PMSCs had become larger and displayed a more flattened appearance when compared with their controls. Moreover, their proliferation, colony forming unit-fibroblast formation, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and immunosuppressive potentials were significantly impaired. Enhanced senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and specific global gene expression profiles confirmed that IL-8 silencing evoked the senescence process in PMSCs. Increased levels of p-Akt and decreased levels of FOXO3a protein expression suggested that reactive oxygen species played a role in the initiation and maintenance of senescence in IL-8-silenced PMSCs. Notably, the majority of CXCR2 ligands were downregulated in presenescent IL-8-silenced PMSCs but upregulated in senescent cells, indicating an antagonistic pleiotropy of the IL-8/CXCR2 signaling pathway in PMSCs. This effect may promote the proliferation of young cells and accelerate senescence of old cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Li
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .,2 Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Science , Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Xia Ma
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - You-Wei Wang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Chen
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Hong Lu
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chi
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Jing Du
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao-Quan Song
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang-Ding Hu
- 2 Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Science , Beijing, China
| | - Hu Chen
- 2 Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Science , Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Chao Han
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .,3 H&B Group, Beijing Institute of Stem Cells , Beijing, China
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Khan MA, Srivastava SK, Bhardwaj A, Singh S, Arora S, Zubair H, Carter JE, Singh AP. Gemcitabine triggers angiogenesis-promoting molecular signals in pancreatic cancer cells: Therapeutic implications. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39140-50. [PMID: 25970774 PMCID: PMC4770762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by poor tumor-vasculature and extensive desmoplasia that together contribute to poor response to chemotherapy. It was recently shown that targeting of TME to inhibit desmoplasiatic reaction in a preclinical model resulted in increased microvessel-density and intratumoral drug concentration, leading to improved therapeutic response. This approach; however, failed to generate a favorable response in clinical trial. In that regard, we have previously demonstrated a role of gemcitabine-induced CXCR4 signaling as a counter-defense mechanism, which also promoted invasiveness of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. Here, we investigated the effect of gemcitabine on endothelial cell phenotype. Gemcitabine-treatment of human-umbilical-vein-endothelial-cells (HUVECs) did not promote the growth of HUVECs; however, it was induced when treated with conditioned media from gemcitabine-treated (Gem-CM) PC cells due to increased cell-cycle progression and apoptotic-resistance. Moreover, treatment of HUVECs with Gem-CM resulted in capillary-like structure (CLS) formation and promoted their ability to migrate and invade through extracellular-matrix. Gemcitabine-treatment of PC cells induced expression of various growth factors/cytokines, including IL-8, which exhibited greatest upregulation. Further, IL-8 depletion in Gem-CM diminished its potency to promote angiogenic phenotypes. Together, these findings suggest an indirect effect of gemcitabine on angiogenesis, which, in light of our previous observations, may hold important clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sanjeev K Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sumit Arora
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Wang J, Hu W, Wu X, Wang K, Yu J, Luo B, Luo G, Wang W, Wang H, Li J, Wen J. CXCR1 promotes malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2184-96. [PMID: 26983663 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCR1 is a member of the chemokine receptor family, which was reported to play an important role in several cancers. The present study investigated the influence of CXCR1 stable knockdown or overexpression on the malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and the potential mechanisms. MKN45 and BGC823 cells were stably transfected with plasmid pYr-1.1-CXCR1-shRNA (knockdown) and pIRES2-ZsGreen1-CXCR1 (overexpression), respectively. Malignant behavior was evaluated in vitro for changes in proliferation by MTT and colony forming assays; cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry; and migration and invasion using transwell and wound-healing assays. Proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion-related signaling molecule expression were measured by real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis. CXCR1 knockdown and overexpressing xenografts were monitored for in vivo tumor growth. Stable knockdown of CXCR1 inhibited MKN45 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but were reversed in BGC823 cells stably overexpressing CXCR1. In addition, MKN45 cells stably transfected with CXCR1 shRNA inhibited AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, protein expression of cyclin D1, EGFR, VEGF, MMP-9, MMP-2 and Bcl-2, and increased protein expression of Bax and E-cadherin (all P<0.05). In vivo CXCR1-shRNA-MKN45 cells transplanted into nude mice formed smaller tumors than non-transfected or scrambled-shRNA cells (both P<0.05). In contrast BGC823 cells overexpressing CXCR1 formed larger tumors in mice than cells carrying an empty expression plasmid or non-transfected cells (both P<0.05). CXCR1 promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The present study provides preclinical data to support CXCR1 as a novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Wanming Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Kuansong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Neurology, Third Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Baihua Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Gengqiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Jinghe Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Jifang Wen
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
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Interleukin-1β Affects MDAMB231 Breast Cancer Cell Migration under Hypoxia: Role of HIF-1α and NFκB Transcription Factors. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:789414. [PMID: 26696754 PMCID: PMC4677223 DOI: 10.1155/2015/789414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and tumor hypoxia are intimately linked and breast cancer provides a typical example of an inflammation-linked malignant disease. Indeed, breast cancer progression is actively supported by inflammatory components, including IL-1β, and by the hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) 1α. In spite of many attempts where the role of either IL-1β or HIF-1α was evaluated, detailed mechanisms for their effects on breast cancer cell migration under hypoxia are still unclear. We here report that IL-1β increased MDAMB231 cell migration under hypoxic conditions along with HIF-1α accumulation and upregulation of CXCR1, which is transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1α, as well as an increased expression of CXCL8 and NFκB. In addition, IL-1β-induced cell migration in hypoxia was not affected when HIF-1α was inhibited by either siRNA or Topotecan, well known for its inhibitory effect on HIF-1α. Of interest, HIF-1α inhibition did not reduce NFκB and CXCL8 expression and the reduction of IL-1β-induced cell migration under hypoxia was achieved only by pharmacological inhibition of NFκB. Our findings indicate that inhibition of HIF-1α does not prevent the migratory program activated by IL-1β in hypoxic MDAMB231 cells. They also suggest a potential compensatory role of NFκB/CXCL8 pathway in IL-1β-induced MDAMB231 cell migration in a hypoxic microenvironment.
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Stronach EA, Cunnea P, Turner C, Guney T, Aiyappa R, Jeyapalan S, de Sousa CH, Browne A, Magdy N, Studd JB, Sriraksa R, Gabra H, El-Bahrawy M. The role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-8 receptors in platinum response in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:31593-603. [PMID: 26267317 PMCID: PMC4741626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum based drugs are the cornerstone of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, however the development of chemoresistance hinders its success. IL-8 is involved in regulating several pro-survival pathways in cancer. We studied the expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors in platinum sensitive and resistant cell lines. Using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, both platinum sensitive (PEA1, PEO14) and resistant (PEA2, PEO23) show increased expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors. IL-8RA shows nuclear and cytoplasmic expression, whilst IL-8RB is present solely in the cytoplasm. Knockdown of IL-8 increased sensitivity to cisplatin in platinum sensitive and reversed platinum resistance in resistant cell lines, decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and decreased inhibitory phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic Bad. IL-8 receptor antagonist treatment also enhanced platinum sensitivity. Nuclear localisation of IL-8RA was only detected in platinum resistant tumours. Inhibition of IL-8 signalling can enhance response in platinum sensitive and resistant disease. Nuclear IL-8RA may have potential as a biomarker of resistant disease.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- bcl-Associated Death Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan A. Stronach
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paula Cunnea
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Turner
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tankut Guney
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Radhika Aiyappa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Senthuran Jeyapalan
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Camila H. de Sousa
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alacoque Browne
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nesreen Magdy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - James B. Studd
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ruethairat Sriraksa
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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Citro A, Cantarelli E, Piemonti L. The CXCR1/2 Pathway: Involvement in Diabetes Pathophysiology and Potential Target for T1D Interventions. Curr Diab Rep 2015; 15:68. [PMID: 26275440 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-015-0638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous chemokine/chemokine receptor pathways have been described to be implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), the CXCR1/2 axis has recently been proved to be crucial for leucocyte recruitment involved in insulitis and β cell damage. Multiple strategies blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway are available such as neutralizing antibodies, small molecules and peptide-derived inhibitors. They were firstly and widely used in cancer thanks to their anti-tumorigenic activity and only recently they were tested as a new interventional approach for T1D. As well, CXCR1/2 inhibition has been demonstrated to prevent inflammation- and autoimmunity-mediated damage of the pancreatic islets through inhibiting the migration of CXCR1/2-expressing cells. Among them, neutrophils, macrophages, and, although to a smaller extent, lymphoid cells are the main CXCR1/2-expressing cells. These results supported the active role of the innate immunity in the autoimmune process and opened new interventional approaches for the management of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Citro
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,
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Tang Y, Jin X, Xiang Y, Chen Y, Shen CX, Zhang YC, Li YG. The lncRNA MALAT1 protects the endothelium against ox-LDL-induced dysfunction via upregulating the expression of the miR-22-3p target genes CXCR2 and AKT. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3189-96. [PMID: 26364720 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CXCR2 plays a key role in protecting the integrity of the endothelium. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the long ncRNAs (lncRNA) Human metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) participates in the regulation of the pathophysiological processes. However, whether there is crosstalk between CXCR2 and MALAT1 remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that MALAT1 was upregulated in patients with unstable angina. MALAT1 silencing significantly downregulated the expression of the miR-22-3p target gene CXCR2 via reversing the effect of the miR-22-3p, resulting in the aggravation of Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial injury; this process was associated with the AKT pathway. Thus, MALAT1 protects the endothelium from ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction partly through competing with miR-22-3p for endogenous RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-xing Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-chen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi-gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Rivas-Fuentes S, Salgado-Aguayo A, Pertuz Belloso S, Gorocica Rosete P, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Aquino-Jarquin G. Role of Chemokines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Angiogenesis and Inflammation. J Cancer 2015; 6:938-52. [PMID: 26316890 PMCID: PMC4543754 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of aggressive cancer. The tumor tissue, which shows an active angiogenesis, is composed of neoplastic and stromal cells, and an abundant inflammatory infiltrate. Angiogenesis is important to support tumor growth, while infiltrating cells contribute to the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, important molecules in the progression of the disease. Chemokines are important in development, activation of the immune response, and physiological angiogenesis. Chemokines have emerged as important regulators in the pathophysiology of cancer. These molecules are involved in the angiogenesis/angiostasis balance and in the recruitment of tumor infiltrating hematopoietic cells. In addition, chemokines promote tumor cell survival, as well as the directing and establishment of tumor cells to metastasis sites. The findings summarized here emphasize the central role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in the inflammatory process of NSCLC angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- 2. Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvana Pertuz Belloso
- 3. Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica Rosete
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- 4. Laboratory of Research on Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics. Tower of Haemato-oncology, Children´s Hospital of Mexico “Federico Gomez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Maxwell PJ, Neisen J, Messenger J, Waugh DJJ. Tumor-derived CXCL8 signaling augments stroma-derived CCL2-promoted proliferation and CXCL12-mediated invasion of PTEN-deficient prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4895-908. [PMID: 24970800 PMCID: PMC4148108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired PTEN function is a genetic hallmark of aggressive prostate cancers (CaP) and is associated with increased CXCL8 expression and signaling. The current aim was to further characterize biological responses and mechanisms underpinning CXCL8-promoted progression of PTEN-depleted prostate cancer, focusing on characterizing the potential interplay between CXCL8 and other disease-promoting chemokines resident within the prostate tumor microenvironment. Autocrine CXCL8-stimulation (i) increased expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 in PTEN-deficient CaP cells suggesting a self-potentiating signaling axis and (ii) induced expression of CXCR4 and CCR2 in PTEN-wild-type and PTEN-depleted CaP cells. In contrast, paracrine CXCL8 signaling induced expression and secretion of the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 from prostate stromal WPMY-1 fibroblasts and monocytic macrophage-like THP-1 cells. In vitro studies demonstrated functional co-operation of tumor-derived CXCL8 with stromal-derived chemokines. CXCL12-induced migration of PC3 cells and CCL2-induced proliferation of prostate cancer cells were dependent upon intrinsic CXCL8 signaling within the prostate cancer cells. For example, in co-culture experiments, CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling but not CCL2/CCR2 signaling supported fibroblast-mediated migration of PC3 cells while CXCL12/CXCR4 and CCL2/CCR2 signaling underpinned monocyte-enhanced migration of PC3 cells. Combined inhibition of both CXCL8 and CXCL12 signaling was more effective in inhibiting fibroblast-promoted cell motility while repression of CXCL8 attenuated CCL2-promoted proliferation of prostate cancer cells. We conclude that tumor-derived CXCL8 signaling from PTEN-deficient tumor cells increases the sensitivity and responsiveness of CaP cells to stromal chemokines by concurrently upregulating receptor expression in cancer cells and inducing stromal chemokine synthesis. Combined chemokine targeting may be required to inhibit their multi-faceted actions in promoting the invasion and proliferation of aggressive CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Maxwell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jessica Neisen
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Johanna Messenger
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - David J J Waugh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Nasser MW, Elbaz M, Ahirwar DK, Ganju RK. Conditioning solid tumor microenvironment through inflammatory chemokines and S100 family proteins. Cancer Lett 2015; 365:11-22. [PMID: 25963887 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been growing attention to the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer growth, metastasis and emergence of chemotherapy resistance. Stromal and tumor cells make up the TME and interact with each other through a complex cross-talk manner. This interaction is facilitated by a variety of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and S100 proteins. In this review, we focus on chemokines and their cognate receptors in regulating the tumorigenic process. Chemokines are cytokines that have chemotactic potential. Chemokine receptors are expressed on tumor cells and stromal cells. Chemokines and their cognate receptors modulate tumor growth and metastasis in a paracrine and autocrine manner. They play a major role in the modulation of stromal cell recruitment, angiogenic potential, cancer cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, invasion and metastasis to distant sites. In addition, a new class of calcium binding family S100 proteins has been getting attention as they play significant roles in tumor progression and metastasis by modulating TME. Here, we highlight recent developments regarding the inflammatory chemokine/S100 protein systems in the TME. We also focus on how chemokines/S100 proteins, through their role in the TME, modulate cancer cell ability to grow, proliferate, invade and metastasize to different organs. This review highlights the possibility of using the chemokine/chemokine receptor axis as a promising strategy in cancer therapy, the current difficulties in achieving this goal, and how it could be overcome for successful future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Mohamad Elbaz
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dinesh K Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Interleukin-8 is a key mediator of FKBP51-induced melanoma growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1772-81. [PMID: 25942396 PMCID: PMC4647250 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: FKBP51 is overexpressed in melanoma and impacts tumour cell properties. However, its comprehensive role in melanoma pathogenesis and underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. Methods: FKBP51 was stably silenced in aggressive melanoma cell lines and its effect examined in vitro and in mouse model. Histological/immunohistochemical analyses were performed to confirm metastasis, angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration. Gene expression was analyzed by qRT–PCR, immunoblot and/or ELISA. NF-κB transcriptional activity and promoter binding were monitored by luciferase-based promoter-reporter and ChIP assays, respectively. Interleukin (IL)-8 inhibition was achieved by gene silencing or neutralising-antibody treatment. Results: FKBP51 silencing reduced melanoma growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration and led to IL-8 downregulation through NF-κB suppression in cell lines and tumour xenografts. IL-8 inhibition drastically decreased growth, migration and invasiveness of FKPB51-overexpressing cells; whereas its treatment partially restored the suppressed phenotypes of FKBP51-silenced melanoma cells. Interleukin-8 depletion in conditioned medium (CM) of FKBP51-overexpressing melanoma cells inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and capillary-like structure formation, whereas its treatment promoted these effects in endothelial cells cultured in CM of FKBP51-silenced melanoma cells. Conclusions: FKBP51 promotes melanoma growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, and IL-8 plays a key role in these processes. Thus, targeting of FKBP51 or its upstream or downstream regulatory pathways could lead to effective therapeutic strategies against melanoma.
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Hale SJM, Hale ABH, Zhang Y, Sweeney D, Fisher N, van der Garde M, Grabowska R, Pepperell E, Channon K, Martin-Rendon E, Watt SM. CXCR2 modulates bone marrow vascular repair and haematopoietic recovery post-transplant. Br J Haematol 2015; 169:552-64. [PMID: 25757087 PMCID: PMC4654909 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Murine models of bone marrow transplantation show that pre‐conditioning regimens affect the integrity of the bone marrow endothelium and that the repair of this vascular niche is an essential pre‐requisite for successful haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell engraftment. Little is known about the angiogenic pathways that play a role in the repair of the human bone marrow vascular niche. We therefore established an in vitro humanized model, composed of bone marrow stromal and endothelial cells and have identified several pro‐angiogenic factors, VEGFA, ANGPT1, CXCL8 and CXCL16, produced by the stromal component of this niche. We demonstrate for the first time that addition of CXCL8 or inhibition of its receptor, CXCR2, modulates blood vessel formation in our bone marrow endothelial niche model. Compared to wild type, Cxcr2−/− mice displayed a reduction in bone marrow cellularity and delayed platelet and leucocyte recovery following myeloablation and bone marrow transplantation. The delay in bone marrow recovery correlated with impaired bone marrow vascular repair. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CXCR2 regulates bone marrow blood vessel repair/regeneration and haematopoietic recovery, and clinically may be a therapeutic target for improving bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J M Hale
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Sharma B, Nannuru KC, Varney ML, Singh RK. Host Cxcr2-dependent regulation of mammary tumor growth and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:65-72. [PMID: 25511644 PMCID: PMC4821540 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Host-derived angiogenic and inflammatory tumor supportive microenvironment regulates progression and metastasis, but the molecular mechanism(s) underlying host-tumor interactions remains unclear. Tumor expression of CXCR2 and its ligands have been shown to regulate angiogenesis, invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. In this report, we hypothesized that host-derived Cxcr2-dependent signaling plays an important role in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Two mammary tumor cell lines Cl66 and 4T1 cells were orthotopically implanted into the mammary fat pad of wild-type and Cxcr2(-/-) female BALB/c mice. Tumor growth and spontaneous lung metastasis were monitored. Immunohistochemical analyses of the tumor tissues were performed to analyze proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and immune cell infiltration. Our results demonstrated that knock-down of host Cxcr2 decreases tumor growth and metastasis by reducing angiogenesis, proliferation and enhancing apoptosis. Host Cxcr2 plays an important role in governing the pro-inflammatory response in mammary tumors as evaluated by decreased Gr1(+) tumor-associated granulocytes, F4/80(+) tumor associated macrophages, and CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid derived suppressor cells in Cxcr2(-/-) mice as compared to control wild-type mice. Together, these results demonstrate that host Cxcr2-dependent signaling regulates mammary tumor growth and metastasis by promoting angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Michelle L. Varney
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
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Hahn CS, Scott DW, Xu X, Roda MA, Payne GA, Wells JM, Viera L, Winstead CJ, Bratcher P, Sparidans RW, Redegeld FA, Jackson PL, Folkerts G, Blalock JE, Patel RP, Gaggar A. The matrikine N-α-PGP couples extracellular matrix fragmentation to endothelial permeability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500175. [PMID: 26229981 PMCID: PMC4517288 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The compartmentalization and transport of proteins and solutes across the endothelium is a critical biologic function altered during inflammation and disease, leading to pathology in multiple disorders. The impact of tissue damage and subsequent extracellular matrix (ECM) fragmentation in regulating this process is unknown. We demonstrate that the collagen-derived matrikine acetylated proline-glycine-proline (N-α-PGP) serves as a critical regulator of endothelial permeability. N-α-PGP activates human endothelial cells via CXC-chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), triggering monolayer permeability through a discrete intracellular signaling pathway. In vivo, N-α-PGP induces local vascular leak after subcutaneous administration and pulmonary vascular permeability after systemic administration. Furthermore, neutralization of N-α-PGP attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung leak. Finally, we demonstrate that plasma from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induces VE-cadherin phosphorylation in human endothelial cells, and this activation is attenuated by N-α-PGP blockade with a concomitant improvement in endothelial monolayer impedance. These results identify N-α-PGP as a novel ECM-derived matrikine regulating paracellular permeability during inflammatory disease and demonstrate the potential to target this ligand in various disorders characterized by excessive matrix turnover and vascular leak such as ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia S. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David W. Scott
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mojtaba Abdul Roda
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gregory A. Payne
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J. Michael Wells
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Medical Service at Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Liliana Viera
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Colleen J. Winstead
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Preston Bratcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rolf W. Sparidans
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank A. Redegeld
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Patricia L. Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. Edwin Blalock
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Medical Service at Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Sarvaiya PJ, Guo D, Ulasov I, Gabikian P, Lesniak MS. Chemokines in tumor progression and metastasis. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2171-85. [PMID: 24259307 PMCID: PMC3926818 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis. Chemokines are involved in the growth of many cancers including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, colon cancer, non-small lung cancer, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, etc. The expression of chemokines and their receptors is altered in many malignancies and leads to aberrant chemokine receptor signaling. This review focuses on the role of chemokines in key processes that facilitate tumor progression including proliferation, senescence, angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, immune evasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvaba J Sarvaiya
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Khurram SA, Bingle L, McCabe BM, Farthing PM, Whawell SA. The chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 regulate oral cancer cell behaviour. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:667-74. [PMID: 24965032 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines regulate physiological and pathological leucocyte trafficking, and chemokine receptors play a role in tumorigenesis. Expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 has been shown in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) but remains poorly characterised. This aim of this study was to investigate CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression on normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs) and oral cancer cell lines (OCCL) and their relative response when exposed to IL-8 and growth-related oncogene-α (which selectively binds CXCR2). METHODS mRNA and protein expression was studied using RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. ELISAs were used to investigate ERK1/2 phosphorylation and MMP production, whereas a MTS-based assay was employed to study proliferation. Migration assays were carried out using modified Boyden chambers with a matrigel coating used for invasion assays. RESULTS mRNA expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 was seen in both NOKs and OCCL with significantly higher protein expression in OCCL. Exposure to IL-8 and GROα increased intracellular ERK phosphorylation, proliferation, migration and invasion with OCCL showing a greater response than NOKs. These effects were mediated through CXCR1 and CXCR2 (for IL-8) and CXCR2 (for GROα) as receptor-blocking antibodies significantly inhibited the responses. IL-8 and GROα also increased MMP-9 release from NOKs and OCCL with significantly higher amounts released by OCCL. However, an increase in MMP-7 production was only seen in OCCL. CONCLUSIONS Functional CXCR1 and CXCR2 exist on normal and cancerous oral epithelial cells, and our data suggests a role for these receptors in oral cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Khurram
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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43
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Qian Y, Wang Y, Li DS, Zhu YX, Lu ZW, Ji QH, Yang G. The chemokine receptor-CXCR2 plays a critical role in the invasion and metastases of oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:658-66. [PMID: 24953191 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world with about 50% survival rate over 5 years. OSCC has a highly invasive potency and frequently metastasizes to the cervical lymph nodes, which is the principle reason leading to poor prognosis. CXCR2, the receptor of CXC chemokines, has been reported to be involved in invasion and metastasis in multiple types of malignancy. However, the accurate role of CXCR2 in OSCC has been little noticed. METHODS In this study, we determined the expression of CXCR2 in OSCC using immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and analyzed the association between the expression of CXCR2 and the biobehavior of OSCC. Then, we established stable OSCC cell lines with interference of CXCR2 and observed the effect of CXCR2 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and morphological changes in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS CXCR2 was positively expressed in 55.3% of OSCC patients and was statistically associated with the high cervical lymph node metastasis in OSCC. CXCR2 silencing markedly inhibited migration and invasion of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, CXCR2 silencing led to morphological changes and decreased lamellipodial structures in OSCC cells. However, CXCR2 silencing showed no effect on proliferation of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS CXCR2 plays a critical role in the invasion and metastases of OSCC. And it is probably by regulating actin cytoskeletal remodeling that CXCR2 takes part in the invasion and metastases of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qian
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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44
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Li Z, Wang Y, Dong S, Ge C, Xiao Y, Li R, Ma X, Xue Y, Zhang Q, Lv J, Tan Q, Zhu Z, Song X, Tan J. Association of CXCR1 and 2 expressions with gastric cancer metastasis in ex vivo and tumor cell invasion in vitro. Cytokine 2014; 69:6-13. [PMID: 25022956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCR1 and CXCR2, cell surface receptors of interleukin-8, regulate cell migration and alteration of their expression has been associated with poor prognosis of various cancers. The aim of this study was to detect their expression in gastric cancer to identify associations with another cell adhesion molecule, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), and with clinicopathological data ex vivo, and then explore their potential role in gastric cancer cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 172 cases of gastric cancer tissue specimens were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of CXCR1, CXCR2, and MMP9 expression. Expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 proteins was knocked in or down using their cDNA and shRNA, respectively, in gastric cancer cell lines to assess the changed cell phenotypes and gene expression. RESULTS CXCR1, CXCR2, and MMP9 were expressed in 61.0%, 77.9%, and 75.6% of gastric cancer tissues, respectively. Moreover, CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression was associated with tumor differentiations, advanced clinical stages, lymph node, and distant metastasis of gastric cancer. Similarly, MMP9 expression was associated with CXCR1 and CXCR2. Expression of these three proteins was interrelated. In vitro study showed that levels of CXCR1 and CXCR2 proteins were associated with the capacity of gastric cancer cell migration, while knockdown of their expression inhibited gastric cancer cell migration and invasion abilities in vitro. In contrast, overexpression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 proteins promoted tumor cell migration and invasion. At the gene levels, knockdown of CXCR1 or CXCR2 expression suppressed expression of Ets-1, SRC-1, and JNK proteins and phosphorylated c-Jun and Erk1/2. Conversely, upregulation of CXCR1 or CXCR2 promoted expression of Ets-1, SRC-1, JNK, and c-Jun proteins and phosphorylated JNK, c-Jun and Erk1/2. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CXCR1 and CXCR2 play an important role in gastric cancer progression. Further study will be performed to investigate whether target of their expression can be used as a novel strategy in clinical control of gastric cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Suiwei Dong
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunlei Ge
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanbin Xiao
- Department of Osteology, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruilei Li
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Osteology, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanbo Xue
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qinghua Tan
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhitao Zhu
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Song
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Omatsu T, Cepinskas G, Clarson C, Patterson EK, Alharfi IM, Summers K, Couraud PO, Romero IA, Weksler B, Fraser DD. CXCL1/CXCL8 (GROα/IL-8) in human diabetic ketoacidosis plasma facilitates leukocyte recruitment to cerebrovascular endothelium in vitro. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1077-84. [PMID: 24619879 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00659.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children is associated with intracranial vascular complications, possibly due to leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Our aim was to determine whether DKA-induced inflammation promoted leukocyte adhesion to activated human cerebrovascular endothelium. Plasma was obtained from children with type 1 diabetes either in acute DKA or in an insulin-controlled state (CON). Plasma concentrations of 21 inflammatory analytes were compared between groups. DKA was associated with altered circulating levels of ↑CXCL1 (GROα), ↑CXCL8 (IL-8), ↑IL-6, ↑IFNα2, and ↓CXCL10 (IP-10) compared with CON. These plasma analyte measurements were then used to create physiologically relevant cytokine mixtures (CM). Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) were stimulated with either plasma (DKA-P or CON-P) or CM (DKA-CM or CON-CM) and assessed for polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion. Stimulation of hCMEC/D3 with DKA-P or DKA-CM increased PMN adhesion to hCMEC/D3 under "flow" conditions. PMN adhesion to hCMEC/D3 was suppressed with neutralizing antibodies to CXCL1/CXCL8 or their hCMEC/D3 receptors CXCR1/CXCR2. DKA-P, but not DKA-CM, initiated oxidative stress in hCMEC/D3. Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were unaltered on hCMEC/D3 by either DKA-P or DKA-CM. In summary, DKA elicits inflammation in children associated with changes in circulating cytokines/chemokines. Increased CXCL1/CXCL8 instigated PMN adhesion to hCMEC/D3, possibly contributing to DKA-associated intracranial vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Omatsu
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ontario, Canada
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Guijarro-Muñoz I, Compte M, Álvarez-Cienfuegos A, Álvarez-Vallina L, Sanz L. Lipopolysaccharide activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway and proinflammatory response in human pericytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2457-68. [PMID: 24307174 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.521161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ontogenically related, and in fact, no significant phenotypic differences could be observed by flow cytometry. Transcriptome analysis of human pericytes and MSCs revealed that 43 genes were up-regulated more than 10-fold in pericytes compared with MSCs. Identification of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as one of the most abundant RNA species in pericytes with respect to MSCs and confirmation of TLR4 expression on the cell surface led us to obtain a comprehensive overview of the expression program of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated pericytes. Transcriptional profiling of LPS-treated cells revealed that 22 genes were up-regulated more than 5-fold. Of them, 10 genes encoded chemokines and cytokines (CXCL10, CCL20, IL8, CXCL1, IL6, CCL2, IL1B, CXCL2, IL1A, and CXCL6), and three genes encoded adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1, and SELE). LPS induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB in stimulated pericytes. Moreover, inhibition of NF-κB activation by SC-514 blocked LPS-induced up-regulation of a subset of chemokine genes, confirming the key role of NF-κB in LPS signaling in pericytes. At the protein level, we assessed the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CCL2 not only after LPS treatment but also in HMGB1-stimulated pericytes. Up-regulation of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 resulted in an increased adhesion of peripheral blood leukocytes to an LPS-treated pericyte monolayer. The role of pericytes in the inflammatory context has been scarcely addressed; according to these results, pericytes should be considered as active players in the inflammatory cascade with potential physiopathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guijarro-Muñoz
- From the Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Jiang QF, Wu TT, Yang JY, Dong CR, Wang N, Liu XH, Liu ZM. 17β-estradiol promotes the invasion and migration of nuclear estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells through cross-talk between GPER1 and CXCR1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:314-24. [PMID: 23907016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is widely expressed in human breast cancers correlating with increased tumor size and malignancy. Although estrogen signaling via GPER1 was extensively studied in recent years, the underlying molecular mechanism of GPER1-associated metastasis of breast cancer still remains unclear. In this study, the main aims were focused on the potential role of GPER1 in regulating migration and invasion of nuclear estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer cells upon 17β-estradiol (E2) stimulation and the involved signaling pathway. Key events in estrogen signaling were chosen for our studies, such as the activation of ERK and AKT, nuclear translocation of NF-κB and secretion of Interleukin-8 (IL-8). The migration and invasion activities upon E2 stimulation were also examined in ER-negative SKBR3 and BT-20 breast cancer cells. Compared with ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, both SKBR3 and BT-20 cells had very similar expression of GPER1, but relatively high expression of CXC receptor-1 (CXCR1), which is considered as an active regulator for cancer metastasis upon binding IL-8. Results showed that E2 facilitated the activation of ERK, AKT and NF-κB, which could be significantly attenuated by GPER1 blockage or knock-down in both SKBR3 and BT-20 cells. Moreover, increased secretion of IL-8 induced by E2 was also inhibited either by specific inhibitors for GPER1, ERK, AKT, and NF-κB, or by knock-down for GPER1. Furthermore, E2 could activate the migration and invasion of both SKBR3 and BT-20 cells, which in turn could also be inhibited by blocking GPER1, ERK, AKT, NF-κB, and CXCR1, respectively, or knock-down for GPER1 and CXCR1. In conclusion, we demonstrated that estrogen signaling via GPER1 associated with the metastasis of breast cancer, which might be through GPER1/ERK&AKT/NF-κB/IL-8/CXCR1 cascade. The cross-talk between GPER1 and CXCR1 could be another potential target for the therapy of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Feng Jiang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Su MT, Lin SH, Chen YC, Wu LW, Kuo PL. Prokineticin receptor variants (PKR1-I379V and PKR2-V331M) are protective genotypes in human early pregnancy. Reproduction 2013; 146:63-73. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) and its receptor genes (PROKR1(PKR1) andPROKR2(PKR2)) play an important role in human early pregnancy. We have previously shown thatPROKR1andPROKR2are associated with recurrent miscarriage (RM) using the tag-SNP method. In this study, we aimed to identifyPROKR1andPROKR2variants in idiopathic RM patients by genotyping of the entire coding regions. Peripheral blood DNA samples of 100 RM women and 100 controls were subjected to sequence the entire exons ofPROKR1andPROKR2. Significant non-synonymous variant genotypes present in the original 200 samples were further confirmed in the extended samples of 144 RM patients and 153 controls. Genetic variants that were over- or under-represented in the patients were ectopically expressed in HEK293 and JAR cells to investigate their effects on intracellular calcium influx, cell proliferation, cell invasion, cell–cell adhesion, and tube organization. We found that the allele and genotype frequencies ofPROKR1(I379V) andPROKR2(V331M) were significantly increased in the normal control groups compared with idiopathic RM women (P<0.05).PROKR1(I379V) andPROKR2(V331M) decreased intracellular calcium influx but increased cell invasiveness (P<0.05), whereas cell proliferation, cell–cell adhesion, and tube organization were not significantly affected. In conclusion,PROKR1(I379V) andPROKR2(V331M) variants conferred lower risk for RM and may play protective roles in early pregnancy by altering calcium signaling and facilitating cell invasiveness.
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Differential expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors in benign, borderline and malignant ovarian epithelial tumours. Cytokine 2013; 64:413-21. [PMID: 23727325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian Cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy. The poor prognosis is mainly due to presentation at a late stage and poor response to therapy. Much research is needed to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. Interleukin-8 is expressed by many tumour types and is known to have mitogenic, motogenic and angiogenic effects on tumour cells. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors (IL-8RA and IL-8RB) in different histological subtypes of ovarian tumours, as potential prognostic biomarkers in ovarian tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohitochemistry was used to study the expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors in 115 ovarian tumours including 21 benign tumours, 25 borderline tumours and 69 carcinomas of serous, clear cell, endometrioid and mucinous types. The correlation of expression profile, tumour type, stage, and progression free survival and overall survival was statistically analysed. RESULTS IL-8 and IL-8 receptors were expressed in all types of tumours with variable intensity and subcellular distribution. There was a statistically significant correlation between levels of expression and tumour stage and tumour type, being mostly significant in serous tumours. No correlation with patient progression free survival or overall survival was found. CONCLUSION This is the first study investigating the expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors using immunohistochemistry in different types of ovarian tumours, including benign and borderline tumours. IL-8 and IL-8RA are potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer, particularly in ovarian serous carcinoma.
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Miyazaki H, Takabe K, Yeudall WA. Chemokines, chemokine receptors and the gastrointestinal system. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2847-2863. [PMID: 23704819 PMCID: PMC3660811 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i19.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological properties of tumor cells are known to be regulated by a multitude of cytokines and growth factors, which include epidermal growth factor receptor agonists and members of the transforming growth factor β family. Furthermore, the recent explosion of research in the field of chemokine function as mediators of tumor progression has led to the possibility that these small, immunomodulatory proteins also play key roles in carcinogenesis and may, therefore, be potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will summarize recently reported findings in chemokine biology with a focus on the gastrointestinal tract.
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