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Šorli J, Lenasi H. The Effect of Acute Hyperglycaemia Induced by Oral Glucose Load on Heart Rate Variability and Skin Microvascular Reactivity in Young Adults. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 38255671 PMCID: PMC10817604 DOI: 10.3390/life14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the effects of acute hyperglycaemia, induced by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and skin microvascular reactivity at the time point of peak plasma glucose concentration (cglc) in 20 young, healthy participants. We assessed their heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of the ANS activity and the parameters of post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) to estimate skin microvascular reactivity as measured by laser Doppler (LD) fluxmetry. The tests were repeated 30 min after a standard OGTT (75 g glucose dissolved in 250 mL water) and, in a separate control experiment, after drinking the same amount of water. Participants had their cglc and serum insulin measured at three consecutive time-points according to the testing protocol. The low-frequency (LF) spectral power, the LF to high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio, and the diastolic blood pressure increased significantly more after water than after OGTT, and there was a trend of the peak LD flux of PORH decreasing more after OGTT than after water. Significant correlations between some PORH and all the HRV parameters and cglc increase after OGTT were found, implying diminished vascular reactivity evoked by hyperglycaemia in healthy subjects with lower glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Šorli
- General Hospital Dr. Franc Derganc, 5290 Šempeter pri Gorici, Slovenia
| | - Helena Lenasi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Cohen JN, Kuikman MA, Politis-Barber V, Stairs BE, Coates AM, Millar PJ, Burr JF. Blood flow restriction and stimulated muscle contractions do not improve metabolic or vascular outcomes following glucose ingestion in young, active individuals. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:75-86. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00178.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose ingestion and absorption into the blood stream can challenge glycemic regulation and vascular endothelial function. Muscular contractions in exercise promote a return to homeostasis by increasing glucose uptake and blood flow. Similarly, muscle hypoxia supports glycemic regulation by increasing glucose oxidation. Blood flow restriction (BFR) induces muscle hypoxia during occlusion and reactive hyperemia upon release. Thus, in the absence of exercise, electric muscle stimulation (EMS) and BFR may offer circulatory and glucoregulatory improvements. In 13 healthy, active participants (27±3yr, 7 female) we tracked post-glucose (oral 100g) glycemic, cardiometabolic and vascular function measures over 120min following four interventions: 1) BFR, 2) EMS, 3) BFR+EMS or 4) Control. BFR was applied at 2min intervals for 30min (70% occlusion), EMS was continuous for 30min (maximum-tolerable intensity). Glycemic and insulinemic responses did not differ between interventions (partial η2=0.11-0.15, P=0.2); however, only BFR+EMS demonstrated cyclic effects on oxygen consumption, carbohydrate oxidation, muscle oxygenation, heart rate, and blood pressure (all P<0.01). Endothelial function was reduced 60min post-glucose ingestion across interventions and recovered by 120min (5.9±2.6% vs 8.4±2.7%; P<0.001). Estimated microvascular function was not meaningfully different. Leg blood flow increased during EMS and BFR+EMS (+656±519mL•min-1, +433±510mL•min-1; P<0.001); however, only remained elevated following BFR intervention 90min post-glucose (+94±94mL•min-1; P=0.02). Superimposition of EMS onto cyclic BFR did not preferentially improve post-glucose metabolic or vascular function amongst young, active participants. Cyclic BFR increased blood flow delivery 60min beyond intervention, and BFR+EMS selectively increased carbohydrate usage and reduced muscle oxygenation warranting future clinical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy N. Cohen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Megan A. Kuikman
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Politis-Barber
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brienne E. Stairs
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra M. Coates
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Philip J. Millar
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie F. Burr
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Application Value of Health Education Combined with Aerobic Exercise in Nursing of Patients with Mastitis Found in Physical Examination. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:8369626. [PMID: 35392039 PMCID: PMC8983220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8369626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the application value of health education combined with aerobic exercise in patients with mastitis found in physical examination. Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with mastitis who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2020 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the order of physical examination, they were equally split into experimental group and control group. The control group received the routine clinical intervention, while the experimental group received health education combined with aerobic exercise to evaluate the clinical effects of different intervention modes on patients with mastitis. Results Compared with the control group, the experimental group after intervention achieved notably higher scores of CD-RISC, self-management ability, and mastitis-related knowledge (P < 0.001), lower scores of breast pain, skin color, and local mass diameter (P < 0.001), and a higher SF-36 score (P < 0.001). Conclusion The clinical intervention combining health education with aerobic exercise in patients with mastitis found in the physical examination is an effective method to improve their mood state and self-management ability, and further research will help provide a good solution for such patients.
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Swain CTV, Bassett JK, Hodge AM, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Yang Y, Jayasekara H, Hébert JR, Shivappa N, MacInnis RJ, Milne RL, English DR, Lynch BM. Television viewing time and all-cause mortality: interactions with BMI, physical activity, smoking, and dietary factors. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:30. [PMID: 35305675 PMCID: PMC8934515 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Higher levels of time spent sitting (sedentary behavior) contribute to adverse health outcomes, including earlier death. This effect may be modified by other lifestyle factors. We examined the association of television viewing (TV), a common leisure-time sedentary behavior, with all-cause mortality, and whether this is modified by body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, soft drink consumption, or diet-associated inflammation. Methods Using data from participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, flexible parametric survival models assessed the time-dependent association of self-reported TV time (three categories: < 2 h/day, 2–3 h/day, > 3 h/day) with all-cause mortality. Interaction terms were fitted to test whether there was effect modification of TV time by the other risk factors. Results From 19,570 participants, 4,417 deaths were reported over a median follow up of 14.5 years. More TV time was associated with earlier mortality; however, this relationship diminished with increasing age. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for > 3 h/day compared with < 2 h/day of TV time was 1.34 (1.16, 1.55) at 70 years, 1.14 (1.04, 1.23) at 80 years, and 0.95 (0.84, 1.06) at 90 years. The TV time/mortality relationship was more evident in participants who were physically inactive (compared with active; p for interaction < 0.01) or had a higher dietary inflammatory index score (compared with a lower score; p for interaction = 0.03). No interactions were detected between TV time and BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, nor soft-drink consumption (all p for interaction > 0.16). Conclusions The relationship between TV time and all-cause mortality may change with age. It may also be more pronounced in those who are otherwise inactive or who have a pro-inflammatory diet. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01273-5.
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De Lorenzo A, Estato V, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Tibirica E. Obesity-Related Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Impact on Disease Severity. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2267-2276. [PMID: 34079332 PMCID: PMC8166352 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s282710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put into evidence another pandemic – obesity. Currently, several studies have documented the association between obesity and COVID-19 severity. The mechanisms underlying the increased risk of complications and mortality in obese patients with COVID-19 are of diverse nature. Inflammation plays a central role in obesity. Metabolic alterations seen in obese patients are related to an inflammatory response, and several studies report elevated levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines in obese patients. Also, deregulated expression of adipokines, such as leptin and resistin, increase the expression of vascular adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 that contribute to increased vascular leukocyte adhesiveness and additional oxidative stress. Additionally, it is now recognized that the chronic impairment of systemic vascular endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, including obesity, when intensified by the detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 over the endothelium, may explain their worse outcomes in COVID-19. In fact, vascular endothelial dysfunction may contribute to a unfavorable response of the endothelium to the infection by SARS-CoV-2, whereas alterations in cardiac structure and function and the prothrombotic environment in obesity may also provide a link to the increased cardiovascular events in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Estato
- Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brail
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Baleeiro RDS, Guimarães AP, de Souza PM, Andrade RDS, Barbosa de Queiroz K, Coelho DB, de Oliveira EC, Becker LK. Sucrose-Sweetened Drinks Reduce the Physical Performance and Increase the Cardiovascular Risk in Physically Active Males. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:6683657. [PMID: 33763239 PMCID: PMC7964112 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has increased rapidly, but the effects of this habit on health and physical performance are unknown. This study assessed the effect of excessive SSB intake on biochemical, physical performance, and biochemical and cardiovascular parameters of physically active males. METHODS Seventeen volunteers consumed a placebo drink (Pd; carbohydrate free) and an excessive SSB drink (eSSBd = Pd plus 300 g sucrose). In a blind randomized crossover study, the subjects were assigned to Pd or eSSBd groups for 15 days. After an interval of 7 days, subjects were reassigned to the other condition. RESULTS After eSSBd intake, there was an increase in weight (69.34 ± 13.71 vs. 70.62 ± 14.06), body mass index (24.49 ± 4.01 vs. 24.97 ± 4.13), waist circumference (75.33 ± 11.22 vs. 76.79 ± 11.51), VLDL (19.54 ± 9.50 vs. 25.52 ± 11.18), triglycerides (78.94 ± 23.79 vs. 114.77 ± 43.65), and peak systolic blood pressure (178.57 ± 26.56 vs. 200.71 ± 24.64). The cardiorespiratory response to exercise (VO2max) (48.15 ± 10.42 vs. 40.98 ± 11.20), peak heart rate (186.64 ± 8.00 vs. 179.64 ± 6.28), total exercise time (15.02 ± 1.57 vs. 14.00 ± 2.18), and mechanical work (15.83 ± 4.53 vs. 13.68 ± 5.67) decreased after eSSBd intake (all values expressed in initial mean ± DP vs. final). The rates of perceived exertion were higher (1.300 vs.1.661 slope and -0.7186 vs. -1.118 y-intercept) after eSSBd intake. CONCLUSION The present study shows that 15 days of eSSBd intake may negatively modulate biochemical parameters associated with cardiovascular risk. In addition, this overintake can impair the physical performance and cardiovascular responses to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raianne dos Santos Baleeiro
- Health and Nutrition, PPGSN, Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Patricia Guimarães
- Health and Nutrition, PPGSN, Physical Education Department, Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Perciliany Martins de Souza
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Physical Education Department, Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Silva Andrade
- Health and Nutrition, PPGSN, Physical Education Department, Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Barbosa de Queiroz
- Health and Nutrition, PPGSN, Food Department, Nutrition School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- Health and Nutrition, PPGSN, Physical Education Department, Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- Health and Nutrition, PPGSN, Physical Education Department, Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Health and Nutrition, PPGSN, Physical Education Department, Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Parker L, Morrison DJ, Wadley GD, Shaw CS, Betik AC, Roberts‐Thomson K, Kaur G, Keske MA. Prior exercise enhances skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow and mitigates microvascular flow impairments induced by a high‐glucose mixed meal in healthy young men. J Physiol 2020; 599:83-102. [DOI: 10.1113/jp280651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Dale J. Morrison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Glenn D. Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Christopher S. Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Andrew C. Betik
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Katherine Roberts‐Thomson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Michelle A. Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
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Mason SA, Trewin AJ, Parker L, Wadley GD. Antioxidant supplements and endurance exercise: Current evidence and mechanistic insights. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101471. [PMID: 32127289 PMCID: PMC7284926 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant supplements are commonly consumed by endurance athletes to minimize exercise-induced oxidative stress, with the intention of enhancing recovery and improving performance. There are numerous commercially available nutritional supplements that are targeted to athletes and health enthusiasts that allegedly possess antioxidant properties. However, most of these compounds are poorly investigated with respect to their in vivo redox activity and efficacy in humans. Therefore, this review will firstly provide a background to endurance exercise-related redox signalling and the subsequent adaptations in skeletal muscle and vascular function. The review will then discuss commonly available compounds with purported antioxidant effects for use by athletes. N-acetyl cysteine may be of benefit over the days prior to an endurance event; while chronic intake of combined 1000 mg vitamin C + vitamin E is not recommended during periods of heavy training associated with adaptations in skeletal muscle. Melatonin, vitamin E and α-lipoic acid appear effective at decreasing markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, evidence on their effects on endurance performance are either lacking or not supportive. Catechins, anthocyanins, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C may improve vascular function, however, evidence is either limited to specific sub-populations and/or does not translate to improved performance. Finally, additional research should clarify the potential benefits of curcumin in improving muscle recovery post intensive exercise; and the potential hampering effects of astaxanthin, selenium and vitamin A on skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training. Overall, we highlight the lack of supportive evidence for most antioxidant compounds to recommend to athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Yin J, Zhu Y, Malik V, Li X, Peng X, Zhang FF, Shan Z, Liu L. Intake of Sugar-Sweetened and Low-Calorie Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:89-101. [PMID: 32696948 PMCID: PMC7850046 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term associations between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and low-calorie sweetened beverages (LCSBs) with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains inconsistent. To synthesize the evidence, we conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies published up to 1 December, 2019 on the associations between SSB and LCSB intake and the risk of CVD incidence and mortality. Out of 5301 articles retrieved from our literature search, 11 articles evaluating the consumption of SSBs (16,915 incident CVD cases, 18,042 CVD deaths) and 8 articles evaluating the consumption of LCSBs (18,077 incident CVD cases, 14,114 CVD deaths) were included in the meta-analysis. A 1 serving/d increment of SSBs was associated with an 8% (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14, I2 = 43.0%) and 8% (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13, I2 = 40.6%) higher risk of CVD incidence and CVD mortality, respectively. A 1 serving/d increment of LCSBs was associated with a 7% (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.10, I2 = 0.0%) higher risk of CVD incidence. The association between LCSBs and CVD mortality appeared to be nonlinear (P = 0.003 for nonlinearity) with significant associations observed at high intake levels (>2 servings/d). Under an assumption of causality, the consumption of SSBs may be linked to 9.3% (95% CI: 6.6%, 11.9%) of predicted CVD incidence in the USA from 2015 to 2025, among men and nonpregnant women, who were aged 40-79 y in 2015-2016. The habitual consumption of SSBs was associated with a higher risk of CVD morbidity and mortality in a dose-response manner. LCSBs were also associated with a higher risk of these outcomes, however, the interpretation of these findings may be complicated by reverse causation and residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Vasanti Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang J, Yue X, Meng C, Wang Z, Jin X, Cui X, Yang J, Shan C, Gao Z, Yang Y, Li J, Chang B, Chang B. Acute Hyperglycemia May Induce Renal Tubular Injury Through Mitophagy Inhibition. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:536213. [PMID: 33424763 PMCID: PMC7793649 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.536213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Acute hyperglycemia is closely related to kidney injury. Oxidative stress activation and notable mitochondria damages were found under acute hyperglycemia treatment in our previous work. In the present study, we explored the dose-effect relationship and the pivotal role of mitophagy in acute hyperglycemia induced tubular injuries. METHODS Forty non-diabetic SD rats were randomly divided and treated with different concentrations of hyperglycemia respectively during the 6-h clamp experiment. Renal morphological and functional alterations were detected. Rat renal tubular epithelial cells were treated with different concentrations of glucose for 6 h. Markers and the regulation pathway of mitophagy were analyzed. RESULTS Significant tubular injuries but not glomeruli were observed under both light and electron microscope after acute hyperglycemia treatment, which manifested as enlargement of tubular epithelial cells, disarrangement of epithelial cell labyrinths and swelling of mitochondria. Urinary microalbumin, β2-MG, CysC, NAG, GAL, and NGAL were increased significantly with the increase of blood glucose (P < 0.05). ROS was activated, mitochondrial membrane potential and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were decreased but P62 and BNIP3L/Nix were increased in hyperglycemia groups (P < 0.05), which were reversed by AMPK activation or mTOR inhibition. CONCLUSION Acute hyperglycemia causes obvious tubular morphological and functional injuries in a dose-dependent manner. Acute hyperglycemia could inhibit mitophagy through AMPK/mTOR pathway, which would aggravate mitochondria damage and renal tubular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodan Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Meng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofang Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juhong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongai Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bai Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Baocheng Chang, ; Bai Chang,
| | - Baocheng Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Baocheng Chang, ; Bai Chang,
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Peçanha D, Huguenin GVB, De Lorenzo A, Tibirica E. Increased systemic endothelial-dependent microvascular reactivity after ingestion of a high-carbohydrate snack in young, healthy volunteers. Microvasc Res 2019; 129:103962. [PMID: 31786189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the acute effect of a high-carbohydrate snack (HCS) on systemic microvascular function of healthy, young volunteers, using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). METHODS Cutaneous microvascular blood flow was assessed in the forearm with LSCI coupled to iontophoresis of acetylcholine, using increasing anodal currents, before and after (25 min) the ingestion of a HCS or water (control). Twenty volunteers (10 male) received a single HCS (70 g of carbohydrates) in the fasting state in the morning. RESULTS The area under the curve (AUC) of acetylcholine-induced microvascular vasodilation increased from 17,847 ± 4539 to 20,315 ± 7168 arbitrary perfusion units/s (P = 0.03) after ingestion of a HCS, but was unchanged after the ingestion of water (P = 0.22). CONCLUSION A single snack consisting on an acute oral load of carbohydrates induced a significant increase of endothelium-dependent microvascular vasodilation in healthy, young subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Peçanha
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Heart Institute Edson Saad, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Vilas Bôas Huguenin
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Emilia de Jesus Ferreiro, Nutrition Faculty, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Varsamis P, Formosa MF, Larsen RN, Reddy-Luthmoodoo M, Jennings GL, Cohen ND, Grace M, Hawley JA, Devlin BL, Owen N, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, Kingwell BA. Between-meal sucrose-sweetened beverage consumption impairs glycaemia and lipid metabolism during prolonged sitting: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1536-1543. [PMID: 30217471 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with unfavourable health effects, including promotion of obesity. However, the acute effects of consuming SSBs on glucose and lipid metabolism remain to be characterized in a real-world, post-prandial context of prolonged sitting. We quantified the acute effects of between-meal SSB consumption compared with water, on glucose and lipid metabolism in habitual soft drink consumers during prolonged sitting. METHODS Twenty-eight overweight or obese young adults [15 males; 23 ± 3 (mean ± SD) years, body mass index (BMI) 31.0 ± 3.6 kg/m2) participated. During uninterrupted sitting and following standardized breakfast and lunch meals, each participant completed two 7-h conditions on separate days in a randomized, crossover design study. For each condition, participants consumed either a sucrose SSB or water mid-morning and mid-afternoon. Peak responses and total area under the curve (tAUC) over 7 h for blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were quantified and compared. RESULTS Compared to water, SSB consumption significantly increased the peak responses for blood glucose (20 ± 4% (mean ± SEM)), insulin (43 ± 15%) and C-peptide (21 ± 6%) concentrations. The tAUC for all these parameters was also increased by SSB consumption. The tAUC for triglycerides was 15 ± 5% lower after SSBs and this was driven by males (P < 0.05), as females showed no difference between conditions. The tAUC for NEFAs was 13 ± 5% lower after the SSB condition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Between-meal SSB consumption significantly elevated plasma glucose responses, associated with a sustained elevation in plasma insulin throughout a day of prolonged sitting. The SSB-induced reduction in circulating triglycerides and NEFAs indicates significant modulation of lipid metabolism, particularly in males. These metabolic effects may contribute to the development of metabolic disease when SSB consumption is habitual and co-occurring with prolonged sitting. Clinical Trial Registry number: ACTRN12616000840482, https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12616000840482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Varsamis
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Garry L Jennings
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neale D Cohen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Megan Grace
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke L Devlin
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Exercise & Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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