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Kihira S, Mei X, Mahmoudi K, Liu Z, Dogra S, Belani P, Tsankova N, Hormigo A, Fayad ZA, Doshi A, Nael K. U-Net Based Segmentation and Characterization of Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184457. [PMID: 36139616 PMCID: PMC9496685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Gliomas are the most common primary brain neoplasms accounting for roughly 40−50% of all malignant primary central nervous system tumors. We aim to develop a deep learning-based framework for automated segmentation and prediction of biomarkers and prognosis in patients with gliomas. (2) Methods: In this retrospective two center study, patients were included if they (1) had a diagnosis of glioma with known surgical histopathology and (2) had preoperative MRI with FLAIR sequence. The entire tumor volume including FLAIR hyperintense infiltrative component and necrotic and cystic components was segmented. Deep learning-based U-Net framework was developed based on symmetric architecture from the 512 × 512 segmented maps from FLAIR as the ground truth mask. (3) Results: The final cohort consisted of 208 patients with mean ± standard deviation of age (years) of 56 ± 15 with M/F of 130/78. DSC of the generated mask was 0.93. Prediction for IDH-1 and MGMT status had a performance of AUC 0.88 and 0.62, respectively. Survival prediction of <18 months demonstrated AUC of 0.75. (4) Conclusions: Our deep learning-based framework can detect and segment gliomas with excellent performance for the prediction of IDH-1 biomarker status and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kihira
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xueyan Mei
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keon Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zelong Liu
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Siddhant Dogra
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Puneet Belani
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nadejda Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adilia Hormigo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Amish Doshi
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kambiz Nael
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kihira S, Tsankova NM, Bauer A, Sakai Y, Mahmoudi K, Zubizarreta N, Houldsworth J, Khan F, Salamon N, Hormigo A, Nael K. Multiparametric MRI texture analysis in prediction of glioma biomarker status: added value of MR diffusion. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab051. [PMID: 34056604 PMCID: PMC8156980 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early identification of glioma molecular phenotypes can lead to understanding of patient prognosis and treatment guidance. We aimed to develop a multiparametric MRI texture analysis model using a combination of conventional and diffusion MRI to predict a wide range of biomarkers in patients with glioma. Methods In this retrospective study, patients were included if they (1) had diagnosis of gliomas with known IDH1, EGFR, MGMT, ATRX, TP53, and PTEN status from surgical pathology and (2) had preoperative MRI including FLAIR, T1c+ and diffusion for radiomic texture analysis. Statistical analysis included logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the optimal model for predicting glioma biomarkers. A comparative analysis between ROCs (conventional only vs conventional + diffusion) was performed. Results From a total of 111 patients included, 91 (82%) were categorized to training and 20 (18%) to test datasets. Constructed cross-validated model using a combination of texture features from conventional and diffusion MRI resulted in overall AUC/accuracy of 1/79% for IDH1, 0.99/80% for ATRX, 0.79/67% for MGMT, and 0.77/66% for EGFR. The addition of diffusion data to conventional MRI features significantly (P < .05) increased predictive performance for IDH1, MGMT, and ATRX. The overall accuracy of the final model in predicting biomarkers in the test group was 80% (IDH1), 70% (ATRX), 70% (MGMT), and 75% (EGFR). Conclusion Addition of MR diffusion to conventional MRI features provides added diagnostic value in preoperative determination of IDH1, MGMT, and ATRX in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kihira
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nadejda M Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center, Fontana, California, USA
| | - Yu Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keon Mahmoudi
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Zubizarreta
- Institute for Health Care Delivery Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jane Houldsworth
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adilia Hormigo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kambiz Nael
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zhang K, Zhao H, Zhang K, Hua C, Qin X, Xu S. Chromatin-regulating genes are associated with postoperative prognosis and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation in astrocytoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1594. [PMID: 33437793 PMCID: PMC7791220 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Abnormality in chromatin regulation is a major determinant in the progression of multiple neoplasms. Astrocytoma is a malignant histologic morphology of glioma that is commonly accompanied by chromatin dysregulation. However, the systemic interpretation of the expression characteristics of chromatin-regulating genes in astrocytoma is unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the expression profile of chromatin regulation genes in 194 astrocytoma patients sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The relevance of gene expression and postoperative survival outcomes was assessed. Results Based on the expression patterns of chromatin regulation genes, two primary clusters and three subclusters with significantly different survival outcomes were identified. The patients in cluster_1 (or subcluster_1) had a poorer prognosis than the other groups, and this particular cohort were older, with a more advanced grade of tumor and isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype distribution. Detection of the differentially expressed genes revealed that the group with poor prognosis was characterized by downregulation of H2AFY2, WAC, HDAC5, ZMYND11, TET1, SATB1, and MYST4, and overexpression of EYA4. Moreover, all eight genes were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) in astrocytoma. Age-associated genes were investigated and the expression levels of EYA4, TET1, SATB1, WAC, ZMYND11, and H2AFY2 were found to be closely correlated with advanced age. Regression analysis suggested that the expression levels of H2AFY2, HILS1, EYA1, EYA4, and KDM5B were independently associated with IDH mutation status. The differential expressions of 34 common genes were significantly associated with age, grade, and IDH mutant. Conclusions The study revealed that the expression pattern of chromatin regulation genes was significantly associated with postoperative prognosis in astrocytoma. Moreover, the differential expression of particular genes was strongly associated with clinical characteristics such as age, grade, and IDH subtype. These results suggest that the genes involved in chromatin regulation play important roles in the biological process of astrocytoma progression, and these molecules could potentially serve as therapeutic targets in astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongguang Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaowei Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songbai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Faria GM, Soares IDP, D'Alincourt Salazar M, Amorim MR, Pessoa BL, da Fonseca CO, Quirico-Santos T. Intranasal perillyl alcohol therapy improves survival of patients with recurrent glioblastoma harboring mutant variant for MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:294. [PMID: 32264844 PMCID: PMC7137265 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphisms in MTHFR gene influence risk and overall survival of patients with brain tumor. Global genomic DNA (gDNA) methylation profile from tumor tissues is replicated in peripheral leukocytes. This study aimed to draw a correlation between rs1801133 MTHFR variants, gDNA methylation and overall survival of patients with recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) under perillyl alcohol (POH) treatment. Methods gDNA from whole blood was extracted using a commercially available kit (Axygen) and quantified by spectrophotometry. Global gDNA methylation was determined by ELISA and rs1801133 polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. Statistical analysis of gDNA methylation profile and rs1801133 variants included Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman point-biserial correlation tests (SPSS and Graphpad Prism packages; significant results for effect size higher than 0.4). Prognostic value of gDNA methylation and rs1801133 variants considered survival profiles at 25 weeks of POH treatment, having the date of protocol adhesion as starting count and death as the final event. Results Most rGBM patients showed global gDNA hypomethylation (median = 31.7%) and a significant, moderate and negative correlation between TT genotype and gDNA hypomethylation (median = 13.35%; rho = − 0.520; p = 0.003) compared to CC variant (median = 32.10%), which was not observed for CT variant (median = 33.34%; rho = − 0.289; p = 0.06). gDNA hypermethylated phenotype (median = 131.90%) exhibited significant, moderate and negative correlations between TT genotype (median = 112.02%) and gDNA hypermethylation levels when compared to CC (median = 132.45%; rho = − 0,450; p = 0.04) or CT (median = 137.80%; rho = − 0.518; p = 0.023) variants. TT variant of rs1801133 significantly decreased gDNA methylation levels for both patient groups, when compared to CC (d values: hypomethylated = 1.189; hypermethylated = 0.979) or CT (d values: hypomethylated = 0.597; hypermethylated = 1.167) variants. Positive prognostic for rGBM patients may be assigned to gDNA hypermethylation for survivors above 25 weeks of treatment (median = 88 weeks); and TT variant of rs1801133 regardless POH treatment length. Conclusion rGBM patients under POH-based therapy harboring hypermethylated phenotype and TT variant for rs1801133 had longer survival. Intranasal POH therapy mitigates detrimental effects of gDNA hypomethylation and improved survival of patients with rGBM harboring TT mutant variant for MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism. Trial registration CONEP -9681- 25,000.009267 / 2004. Registered 12th July, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle M Faria
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, ZC, 24020-141, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Igor D P Soares
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, ZC, 24020-141, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia R Amorim
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, ZC, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Pessoa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Especializada, Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica (UPC-HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clovis O da Fonseca
- Departamento de Medicina Especializada, Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica (UPC-HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thereza Quirico-Santos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, ZC, 24020-141, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciencia e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil.
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Jang BS, Kim IA. A Radiosensitivity Gene Signature and PD-L1 Status Predict Clinical Outcome of Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme in The Cancer Genome Atlas Dataset. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 52:530-542. [PMID: 31801317 PMCID: PMC7176964 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Combination of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade such as programmed death- 1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade is being actively tested in clinical trial. We aimed to identify a subset of patients that could potentially benefit from this strategy using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for glioblastoma (GBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 399 cases were clustered into radiosensitive versus radioresistant (RR) groups based on a radiosensitivity gene signature and were also stratified as PD-L1 high versus PD-L1 low groups by expression of CD274 mRNA. Differential and integrated analyses with expression and methylation data were performed. CIBERSORT was used to enumerate the immune repertoire that resulted from transcriptome profiles. RESULTS We identified a subset of GBM, PD-L1-high-RR group which showed worse survival compared to others. In PD-L1-high-RR, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were highly enriched for immune response and mapped into activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Integration of DEG and differentially methylated region identified that the kinase MAP3K8-involved in T-cell receptor signaling was upregulated and BAI1, a factor which inhibits angiogenesis, was silenced. CIBERSORT showed that a higher infiltration of the immune repertoire, which included M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, PD-L1-high-RR group could potentially benefit from radiotherapy combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and angiogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Sup Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Ah Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea,Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Correspondence: In Ah Kim, MD, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea Tel: 82-31-787-7651 Fax: 82-31-787-4019 E-mail:
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Villalba M, Exposito F, Pajares MJ, Sainz C, Redrado M, Remirez A, Wistuba I, Behrens C, Jantus-Lewintre E, Camps C, Montuenga LM, Pio R, Lozano MD, de Andrea C, Calvo A. TMPRSS4: A Novel Tumor Prognostic Indicator for the Stratification of Stage IA Tumors and a Liquid Biopsy Biomarker for NSCLC Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2134. [PMID: 31817025 PMCID: PMC6947244 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse rates in surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are between 30% and 45% within five years of diagnosis, which shows the clinical need to identify those patients at high risk of recurrence. The eighth TNM staging system recently refined the classification of NSCLC patients and their associated prognosis, but molecular biomarkers could improve the heterogeneous outcomes found within each stage. Here, using two independent cohorts (MDA and CIMA-CUN) and the eighth TNM classification, we show that TMPRSS4 protein expression is an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC, particularly for patients at stage I: relapse-free survival (RFS) HR, 2.42 (95% CI, 1.47-3.99), p < 0.001; overall survival (OS) HR, 1.99 (95% CI, 1.25-3.16), p = 0.004). In stage IA, high levels of this protein remained associated with worse prognosis (p = 0.002 for RFS and p = 0.001 for OS). As TMPRSS4 expression is epigenetically regulated, methylation status could be used in circulating tumor DNA from liquid biopsies to monitor patients. We developed a digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) method to quantify absolute copy numbers of methylated and unmethylated CpGs within the TMPRSS4 and SHOX2 (as control) promoters in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. In case-control studies, we demonstrated that TMPRSS4 hypomethylation can be used as a diagnostic tool in early stages, with an AUROC of 0.72 (p = 0.008; 91% specificity and 52% sensitivity) for BAL and 0.73 (p = 0.015; 65% specificity and 90% sensitivity) for plasma, in early stages. In conclusion, TMPRSS4 protein expression can be used to stratify patients at high risk of relapse/death in very early stages NSCLC patients. Moreover, analysis of TMPRSS4 methylation status by ddPCR in blood and BAL is feasible and could serve as a non-invasive biomarker to monitor surgically resected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villalba
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.V.); (F.E.); (M.J.P.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (L.M.M.); (R.P.); (C.d.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBERONC, ISC-III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.J.-L.); (C.C.)
| | - Francisco Exposito
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.V.); (F.E.); (M.J.P.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (L.M.M.); (R.P.); (C.d.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBERONC, ISC-III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.J.-L.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Jose Pajares
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.V.); (F.E.); (M.J.P.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (L.M.M.); (R.P.); (C.d.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBERONC, ISC-III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.J.-L.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Sainz
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.V.); (F.E.); (M.J.P.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (L.M.M.); (R.P.); (C.d.A.)
| | - Miriam Redrado
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.V.); (F.E.); (M.J.P.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (L.M.M.); (R.P.); (C.d.A.)
| | - Ana Remirez
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.V.); (F.E.); (M.J.P.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (L.M.M.); (R.P.); (C.d.A.)
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (I.W.); (C.B.)
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (I.W.); (C.B.)
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- CIBERONC, ISC-III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.J.-L.); (C.C.)
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, FIHGUV & Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- CIBERONC, ISC-III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.J.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis M. Montuenga
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.V.); (F.E.); (M.J.P.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (L.M.M.); (R.P.); (C.d.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBERONC, ISC-III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.J.-L.); (C.C.)
| | - Ruben Pio
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.V.); (F.E.); (M.J.P.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (L.M.M.); (R.P.); (C.d.A.)
- CIBERONC, ISC-III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.J.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Lozano
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, University of Navarra Clinic, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos de Andrea
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.V.); (F.E.); (M.J.P.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (L.M.M.); (R.P.); (C.d.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBERONC, ISC-III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.J.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Navarra Clinic, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.V.); (F.E.); (M.J.P.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (L.M.M.); (R.P.); (C.d.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBERONC, ISC-III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.J.-L.); (C.C.)
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Peshes-Yeloz N, Ungar L, Wohl A, Jacoby E, Fisher T, Leitner M, Nass D, Rubinek T, Wolf I, Cohen ZR. Role of Klotho Protein in Tumor Genesis, Cancer Progression, and Prognosis in Patients with High-Grade Glioma. World Neurosurg 2019; 130:e324-e332. [PMID: 31228703 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho, a single-pass transmembrane protein associated with premature aging, acts as a tumor suppressor gene by inhibiting insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 and fibroblast growth factor pathways. Downregulated Klotho expression is reported in melanoma, mesothelioma, bladder, breast, gastric, cervix, lung, and kidney cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. Klotho expression and Klotho promoter hypermethylation are predictive factors for patient prognosis. METHODS To investigate the potential role of Klotho in glioblastoma-multiforme (GBM), 22 GBM samples were collected from the Sheba Tumor Bank and examined. RESULTS We found that increased Klotho messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) expression predicted longer survival (P = 0.03) of GBM patients. Methylation analysis was performed on bisulfite-treated deoxyribonucleic acid from the GBM patient samples using ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry according to the Sequenom EpiTYPER protocols. Klotho promoter hypermethylation was detected in 65% of the GBM samples and correlated significantly with improved survival (P < 0.04). We found 3 major Klotho promotor hypermethylation sites located 585-579 bp, 540-533 bp, and 537-534 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Methylated deoxyribonucleic acid immunoprecipitation studies confirmed these results. Notably, the messenger RNA expression in these GBM samples revealed an unexpected linear correlation with methylation of these 3 hypermethylation sites identified in the Klotho promotor. Thus Klotho expression and methylation could predict prognosis in patients with GBM. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic regulation in GBM appears to be complicated. Specific CpG islands affect genes or micro RNAs that interact to control Klotho expression. The diverse effects of these islands may be due to unique factors of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Peshes-Yeloz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Ungar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anton Wohl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Jacoby
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Fisher
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Leitner
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dvora Nass
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Rubinek
- Institute of Oncology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Wolf
- Institute of Oncology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi R Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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8
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Lu QR, Qian L, Zhou X. Developmental origins and oncogenic pathways in malignant brain tumors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e342. [PMID: 30945456 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors such as adult glioblastomas and pediatric high-grade gliomas or medulloblastomas are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, exhibiting poor prognoses with little improvement in outcomes in the past several decades. These tumors are heterogeneous and can be initiated from various neural cell types, contributing to therapy resistance. How such heterogeneity arises is linked to the tumor cell of origin and their genetic alterations. Brain tumorigenesis and progression recapitulate key features associated with normal neurogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms are quite dysregulated as tumor cells grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner. Recent comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic studies at single-cell resolution have shed new light onto diverse tumor-driving events, cellular heterogeneity, and cells of origin in different brain tumors. Primary and secondary glioblastomas develop through different genetic alterations and pathways, such as EGFR amplification and IDH1/2 or TP53 mutation, respectively. Mutations such as histone H3K27M impacting epigenetic modifications define a distinct group of pediatric high-grade gliomas such as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. The identification of distinct genetic, epigenomic profiles and cellular heterogeneity has led to new classifications of adult and pediatric brain tumor subtypes, affording insights into molecular and lineage-specific vulnerabilities for treatment stratification. This review discusses our current understanding of tumor cells of origin, heterogeneity, recurring genetic and epigenetic alterations, oncogenic drivers and signaling pathways for adult glioblastomas, pediatric high-grade gliomas, and medulloblastomas, the genetically heterogeneous groups of malignant brain tumors. This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lily Qian
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xianyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Cenciarini M, Valentino M, Belia S, Sforna L, Rosa P, Ronchetti S, D'Adamo MC, Pessia M. Dexamethasone in Glioblastoma Multiforme Therapy: Mechanisms and Controversies. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:65. [PMID: 30983966 PMCID: PMC6449729 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant of the glial tumors. The world-wide estimates of new cases and deaths annually are remarkable, making GBM a crucial public health issue. Despite the combination of radical surgery, radio and chemotherapy prognosis is extremely poor (median survival is approximately 1 year). Thus, current therapeutic interventions are highly unsatisfactory. For many years, GBM-induced brain oedema and inflammation have been widely treated with dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC). A number of studies have reported that DEX also inhibits GBM cell proliferation and migration. Nevertheless, recent controversial results provided by different laboratories have challenged the widely accepted dogma concerning DEX therapy for GBM. Here, we have reviewed the main clinical features and genetic and epigenetic abnormalities underlying GBM. Finally, we analyzed current notions and concerns related to DEX effects on cerebral oedema, cancer cell proliferation and migration and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cenciarini
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Valentino
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Silvia Belia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Sforna
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Rosa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina D'Adamo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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10
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Dong Z, Cui H. Epigenetic modulation of metabolism in glioblastoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 57:45-51. [PMID: 30205139 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic and metabolic alterations incancer cells are highly associated. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a complicated pathological process with dysregulated methylation and histone modifications. Metabolic modulation of epigenetics in gliomas was previously summarized. However, epigenetic modulation is also important in metabolic decision. Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in understanding of DNA methylation, chromatin modulation, and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of cell metabolism, especially glycolytic metabolism in GBM. In this review, we summarize DNA methylation, histone alteration, and non-coding RNA mediated epigenetic modulation of metabolism in GBM and discuss the future research directions in this area and its applications in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Oyinlade O, Wei S, Kammers K, Liu S, Wang S, Ma D, Huang ZY, Qian J, Zhu H, Wan J, Xia S. Analysis of KLF4 regulated genes in cancer cells reveals a role of DNA methylation in promoter- enhancer interactions. Epigenetics 2018; 13:751-768. [PMID: 30058478 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1504592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed an unexpected role of DNA methylation at promoter regions in transcription activation. However, whether DNA methylation at enhancer regions activates gene expression and influences cellular functions remains to be determined. In this study, by employing the transcription factor krÜppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) that binds to methylated CpGs (mCpGs), we investigated the molecular outcomes of the recruitment of KLF4 to mCpGs at enhancer regions in human glioblastoma cells. First, by integrating KLF4 ChIP-seq, whole-genome bisulfite sequence, and H3K27ac ChIP-seq datasets, we found 1,299 highly methylated (β >0.5) KLF4 binding sites, three-quarters of which were located at putative enhancer regions, including gene bodies and intergenic regions. In the meantime, by proteomics, we identified 16 proteins as putative targets upregulated by KLF4-mCpG binding at enhancer regions. By chromosome conformation capture (3C) analysis, we demonstrated that KLF4 bound to methylated CpGs at the enhancer regions of the B-cell lymphocyte kinase (BLK) and Lim domain only protein 7 (LMO7) genes, and activated their expression via 3D chromatin loop formation with their promoter regions. Expression of mutant KLF4, which lacks KLF4 ability to bind methylated DNA, or removal of DNA methylation in enhancer regions by a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor abolished chromatin loop formation and gene expression, suggesting the essential role of DNA methylation in enhancer-promoter interactions. Finally, we performed functional assays and showed that BLK was involved in glioblastoma cell migration. Together, our study established the concept that DNA methylation at enhancer regions interacts with transcription factors to activate gene expression and influence cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutobi Oyinlade
- a Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Shuang Wei
- a Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,c Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,g Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Kai Kammers
- d Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- i Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Shuyan Wang
- a Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,c Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Ding Ma
- a Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,c Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Huang
- h Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Jiang Qian
- e Wilmer Eye Institute,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Heng Zhu
- b Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,f Center for High Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Jun Wan
- i Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,j Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Shuli Xia
- a Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,c Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
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12
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Ayanlaja AA, Zhang B, Ji G, Gao Y, Wang J, Kanwore K, Gao D. The reversible effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the human brain. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:212-222. [PMID: 30059726 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent survival factor, and a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily acting on different neuronal activities. GDNF was originally identified as a neurotrophic factor crucially involved in the survival of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway and is currently an established therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. However, GDNF was later reported to be highly expressed in gliomas, especially in glioblastomas, and was demonstrated as a potent proliferation factor involved in the development and migration of gliomas. Here, we review our current understanding and progress made so far by researchers in our laboratories with references to relevant articles to support our discoveries. We present past and recent discoveries on the mechanisms involved in the protection of neurons by GDNF and examine its emerging roles in gliomas, as well as reasons for the abnormal expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Collectively, our work establishes a paradigm by which the ability of GDNF to protect dopaminergic neurons from degradation and its corresponding effects on glioma cells points to an underlying biological vulnerability in the effects of GDNF in the normal brain which can be subverted for use by cancer cells. Hence, presenting novel opportunities for intervention in glioma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Abdulrahman Ayanlaja
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baole Zhang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - GuangQuan Ji
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kouminin Kanwore
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - DianShuai Gao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Szeliga M, Bogacińska-Karaś M, Kuźmicz K, Rola R, Albrecht J. Downregulation of GLS2 in glioblastoma cells is related to DNA hypermethylation but not to the p53 status. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1309-16. [PMID: 26258493 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human phosphate-activated glutaminase (GA) is encoded by two genes: GLS and GLS2. Glioblastomas (GB) usually lack GLS2 transcripts, and their reintroduction inhibits GB growth. The GLS2 gene in peripheral tumors may be i) methylation- controlled and ii) a target of tumor suppressor p53 often mutated in gliomas. Here we assessed the relation of GLS2 downregulation in GB to its methylation and TP53 status. DNA demethylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored GLS2 mRNA and protein content in human GB cell lines with both mutated (T98G) and wild-type (U87MG) p53 and reduced the methylation of CpG1 (promoter region island), and CpG2 (first intron island) in both cell lines. In cell lines and clinical GB samples alike, methylated CpG islands were detected both in the GLS2 promoter (as reported earlier) and in the first intron of this gene. CpG methylation of either island was absent in GLS2-expressing non-tumoros brain tissues. Screening for mutation in the exons 5-8 of TP53 revealed a point mutation in only one out of seven GB examined. In conclusion, aberrant methylation of CpG islands, appear to contribute to silencing of GLS2 in GB by a mechanism bypassing TP53 mutations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szeliga
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery of the Lublin Medical University, Lublin, Poland.,Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Albrecht
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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An Epigenetic Mechanism of High Gdnf Transcription in Glioma Cells Revealed by Specific Sequence Methylation. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4352-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Zhang S, Han L, Wei J, Shi Z, Pu P, Zhang J, Yuan X, Kang C. Combination treatment with doxorubicin and microRNA-21 inhibitor synergistically augments anticancer activity through upregulation of tumor suppressing genes. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1589-600. [PMID: 25625875 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a key chemotherapeutic drug for cancer treatment. The antitumor mechanism of DOX is its action as a topoisomerase II poison by preventing DNA replication. Our study shows that DOX can be involved in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription through downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) then reactivation of DNA methylation-silenced tumor suppressor genes in glioblastoma (GBM). Recent evidence demonstrated that microRNA (miR or miRNA) can mediate expression of genes through post-transcriptional regulation and modulate sensitivity to anticancer drugs. As one of the first miRNAs detected in the human genome, miR-21 has been validated to be overexpressed in GBM. Combination treatment of a chemotherapeutic and miRNA showed synergistically increased anticancer activities which has been proven to be an effective strategy for tumor therapy. In our study, co-treatment of DOX and miR-21 inhibitor (miR-21i) resulted in remarkably increased expression of tumor suppressor genes compared with DOX or the miR-21i treatment alone. Moreover, we demonstrate that combining DOX and miR-21i significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro. Our study concludes that combining DOX and miR-21i is a new strategy for the therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Lei Han
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Shi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Peiyu Pu
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xubo Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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16
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Sepsa A, Levidou G, Gargalionis A, Adamopoulos C, Spyropoulou A, Dalagiorgou G, Thymara I, Boviatsis E, Themistocleous MS, Petraki K, Vrettakos G, Samaras V, Zisakis A, Patsouris E, Piperi C, Korkolopoulou P. Emerging role of linker histone variant H1x as a biomarker with prognostic value in astrocytic gliomas. A multivariate analysis including trimethylation of H3K9 and H4K20. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115101. [PMID: 25602259 PMCID: PMC4300227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epigenetic alterations play an essential role in gliomagenesis, the relevance of aberrant histone modifications and the respective enzymes has not been clarified. Experimental data implicates histone H3 lysine (K) methyltransferases SETDB1 and SUV39H1 into glioma pathobiology, whereas linker histone variant H1.0 and H4K20me3 reportedly affect prognosis. We investigated the expression of H3K9me3 and its methyltransferases along with H4K20me3 and H1x in 101 astrocytic tumors with regard to clinicopathological characteristics and survival. The effect of SUV39H1 inhibition by chaetocin on the proliferation, colony formation and migration of T98G cells was also examined. SETDB1 and cytoplasmic SUV39H1 levels increased from normal brain through low-grade to high-grade tumors, nuclear SUV39H1 correlating inversely with grade. H3K9me3 immunoreactivity was higher in normal brain showing no association with grade, whereas H1x and H4K20me3 expression was higher in grade 2 than in normal brain or high grades. These expression patterns of H1x, H4K20me3 and H3K9me3 were verified by Western immunoblotting. Chaetocin treatment significantly reduced proliferation, clonogenic potential and migratory ability of T98G cells. H1x was an independent favorable prognosticator in glioblastomas, this effect being validated in an independent set of 66 patients. Diminished nuclear SUV39H1 expression adversely affected survival in univariate analysis. In conclusion, H4K20me3 and H3K9 methyltransferases are differentially implicated in astroglial tumor progression. Deregulation of H1x emerges as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Sepsa
- First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Georgia Levidou
- First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Antonis Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Athens University Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Athens University Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Athens University Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Georgia Dalagiorgou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Athens University Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Irene Thymara
- First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Efstathios Boviatsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens 106 76, Greece
| | - Marios S. Themistocleous
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens 106 76, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Petraki
- Department of Pathology, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens 185 47, Greece
| | - George Vrettakos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens 185 47, Greece
| | - Vassilis Samaras
- Department of Pathology, Red Cross Hospital, Athens 115 26, Greece
| | | | - Efstratios Patsouris
- First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Athens University Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
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17
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Atkins RJ, Ng W, Stylli SS, Hovens CM, Kaye AH. Repair mechanisms help glioblastoma resist treatment. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 22:14-20. [PMID: 25444993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant and incurable glial brain tumour. The current best treatment for GBM includes maximal safe surgical resection followed by concomitant radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide. Despite this, median survival is still only 14-16 months. Mechanisms that lead to chemo- and radio-resistance underpin treatment failure. Insights into the DNA repair mechanisms that permit resistance to chemoradiotherapy in GBM may help improve patient responses to currently available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Atkins
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
| | - Wayne Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hovens
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre at Epworth, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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18
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Molenaar RJ, Verbaan D, Lamba S, Zanon C, Jeuken JWM, Boots-Sprenger SHE, Wesseling P, Hulsebos TJM, Troost D, van Tilborg AA, Leenstra S, Vandertop WP, Bardelli A, van Noorden CJF, Bleeker FE. The combination of IDH1 mutations and MGMT methylation status predicts survival in glioblastoma better than either IDH1 or MGMT alone. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1263-73. [PMID: 24510240 PMCID: PMC4136888 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and epigenetic profiling of glioblastomas has provided a comprehensive list of altered cancer genes of which only O(6)-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation is used thus far as a predictive marker in a clinical setting. We investigated the prognostic significance of genetic and epigenetic alterations in glioblastoma patients. METHODS We screened 98 human glioblastoma samples for genetic and epigenetic alterations in 10 genes and chromosomal loci by PCR and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). We tested the association between these genetic and epigenetic alterations and glioblastoma patient survival. Subsequently, we developed a 2-gene survival predictor. RESULTS Multivariate analyses revealed that mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), promoter methylation of MGMT, irradiation dosage, and Karnofsky Performance Status (KFS) were independent prognostic factors. A 2-gene predictor for glioblastoma survival was generated. Based on the genetic and epigenetic status of IDH1 and MGMT, glioblastoma patients were stratified into 3 clinically different genotypes: glioblastoma patients with IDH1mt/MGMTmet had the longest survival, followed by patients with IDH1mt/MGMTunmet or IDH1wt/MGMTmet, and patients with IDH1wt/MGMTunmet had the shortest survival. This 2-gene predictor was an independent prognostic factor and performed significantly better in predicting survival than either IDH1 mutations or MGMT methylation alone. The predictor was validated in 3 external datasets. DISCUSSION The combination of IDH1 mutations and MGMT methylation outperforms either IDH1 mutations or MGMT methylation alone in predicting survival of glioblastoma patients. This information will help to increase our understanding of glioblastoma biology, and it may be helpful for baseline comparisons in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Dagmar Verbaan
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Simona Lamba
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Carlo Zanon
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Judith W M Jeuken
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Sandra H E Boots-Sprenger
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Theo J M Hulsebos
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Dirk Troost
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Angela A van Tilborg
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - W Peter Vandertop
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
| | - Fonnet E Bleeker
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.J.M., C.J.F.v.N.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B., D.V., W.P.V.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Oncogenomics Center, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy (S.La., C.Z., A.B., F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J., S.H.E.B.-S., P.W.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.J.M.H.); Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.T., A.A.v.T.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands (S.Le.); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.Le.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (A.B.)Present affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.E.B.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.A.v.T.); Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.H.E.B.-S.); Department of Pathology, Stichting PAMM, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands (J.W.M.J.)
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Newcastle disease virus interaction in targeted therapy against proliferation and invasion pathways of glioblastoma multiforme. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:386470. [PMID: 25243137 PMCID: PMC4160635 DOI: 10.1155/2014/386470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), or grade IV glioma, is one of the most lethal forms of human brain cancer. Current bioscience has begun to depict more clearly the signalling pathways that are responsible for high-grade glioma initiation, migration, and invasion, opening the door for molecular-based targeted therapy. As such, the application of viruses such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a novel biological bullet to specifically target aberrant signalling in GBM has brought new hope. The abnormal proliferation and aggressive invasion behaviour of GBM is reported to be associated with aberrant Rac1 protein signalling. NDV interacts with Rac1 upon viral entry, syncytium induction, and actin reorganization of the infected cell as part of the replication process. Ultimately, intracellular stress leads the infected glioma cell to undergo cell death. In this review, we describe the characteristics of malignant glioma and the aberrant genetics that drive its aggressive phenotype, and we focus on the use of oncolytic NDV in GBM-targeted therapy and the interaction of NDV in GBM signalling that leads to inhibition of GBM proliferation and invasion, and subsequently, cell death.
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Hill VK, Shinawi T, Ricketts CJ, Krex D, Schackert G, Bauer J, Wei W, Cruickshank G, Maher ER, Latif F. Stability of the CpG island methylator phenotype during glioma progression and identification of methylated loci in secondary glioblastomas. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:506. [PMID: 25012071 PMCID: PMC4227105 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Grade IV glioblastomas exist in two forms, primary (de novo) glioblastomas (pGBM) that arise without precursor lesions, and the less common secondary glioblastomas (sGBM) which develop from earlier lower grade lesions. Genetic heterogeneity between pGBM and sGBM has been documented as have differences in the methylation of individual genes. A hypermethylator phenotype in grade IV GBMs is now well documented however there has been little comparison between global methylation profiles of pGBM and sGBM samples or of methylation profiles between paired early and late sGBM samples. Methods We performed genome-wide methylation profiling of 20 matched pairs of early and late gliomas using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips to assess methylation at >485,000 cytosine positions within the human genome. Results Clustering of our data demonstrated a frequent hypermethylator phenotype that associated with IDH1 mutation in sGBM tumors. In 80% of cases, the hypermethylator status was retained in both the early and late tumor of the same patient, indicating limited alterations to genome-wide methylation during progression and that the CIMP phenotype is an early event. Analysis of hypermethylated loci identified 218 genes frequently methylated across grade II, III and IV tumors indicating a possible role in sGBM tumorigenesis. Comparison of our sGBM data with TCGA pGBM data indicate that IDH1 mutated GBM samples have very similar hypermethylator phenotypes, however the methylation profiles of the majority of samples with WT IDH1 that do not demonstrate a hypermethylator phenotype cluster separately from sGBM samples, indicating underlying differences in methylation profiles. We also identified 180 genes that were methylated only in sGBM. Further analysis of these genes may lead to a better understanding of the pathology of sGBM vs pGBM. Conclusion This is the first study to have documented genome-wide methylation changes within paired early/late astrocytic gliomas on such a large CpG probe set, revealing a number of genes that maybe relevant to secondary gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Farida Latif
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine and Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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Tsankova NM, Canoll P. Advances in genetic and epigenetic analyses of gliomas: a neuropathological perspective. J Neurooncol 2014; 119:481-90. [PMID: 24962200 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumors, are universally fatal once they progress from low-grade into high-grade neoplasms. In recent years, we have accumulated unprecedented data about the genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in gliomas; yet, our appreciation of how these deadly tumors arise is still rudimentary. One of the major deterrents in understanding gliomagenesis is the remarkably complex and heterogeneous molecular composition of gliomas, as well as their ability to change phenotypically as they progress and recur. In the past decade, several monumental studies have begun to define better glioma heterogeneity. Four distinct molecular subgroups have emerged: proneural, classical, mesenchymal, and neural; which have unique gene expression signatures and prognostic significance. Of these, gliomas of the proneural subtype, which encompass most grade II/III diffuse gliomas and secondary glioblastomas and often carry isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, have emerged as a distinct tumor subclass with a notably superior prognosis. Important molecular markers with prognostic relevance, such as mutant IDH1/2, have already been incorporated into clinical neuropathological practice. The recent molecular discoveries in gliomas have also emphasized the intimate link between epigenetics and genetics in gliomagenesis. Several of the novel genetic mutations described are responsible for distinct epigenetic remodeling in gliomas, the mechanisms of which are currently being elucidated. Importantly, these epigenetic and genomic alterations represent new and exciting drug targets for future therapeutic interventions in our continuous fight with this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda M Tsankova
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,
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Patel AS, Allen JE, Dicker DT, Sheehan JM, Glantz MJ, El-Deiry WS. Detection of circulating tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with a solitary metastasis from breast cancer: A case report. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:2110-2112. [PMID: 24932298 PMCID: PMC4049668 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain lesions identified following the diagnosis and eradication of primary cancers are often ambiguous in origin, existing as a solitary metastasis or an independent primary brain tumor. The brain is a relatively common site of metastasis with breast cancer, although determining whether metastases have originated from the breast or brain is often not possible without invasive biopsies. In the current case report, a patient presented with a brain lesion identified by radiography and was without systemic disease. The patient had previously exhibited a complete response to chemotherapy and surgery for a poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma. The origin of the brain lesion could not be determined by magnetic resonance imaging, giving rise to a diagnostic dilemma with diverging treatment options. We previously reported a method to isolate and enumerate tumor cells of epithelial origin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF tumor cell analysis of the patient revealed massive CSF tumor cell burden of epithelial origin, indicating that the brain lesion was likely of breast origin. The current case report highlights the use of CSF tumor cell detection as a differential diagnostic tool, in addition to its previously demonstrated use as a marker of disease burden and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshal S Patel
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Department of Neurological Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Joshua E Allen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - David T Dicker
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jonas M Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Michael J Glantz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Meco D, Servidei T, Lamorte G, Binda E, Arena V, Riccardi R. Ependymoma stem cells are highly sensitive to temozolomide in vitro and in orthotopic models. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1067-77. [PMID: 24526307 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ependymoma management remains challenging because of the inherent chemoresistance of this tumor. To determine whether ependymoma stem cells (SCs) might contribute to therapy resistance, we investigated the sensitivity of ependymoma SCs to temozolomide and etoposide. METHODS The efficacies of the two DNA damaging agents were explored in two ependymoma SC lines in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS Ependymoma SC lines were highly sensitive to temozolomide and etoposide in vitro, but only temozolomide impaired tumor-initiation properties. Consistently, temozolomide but not etoposide showed significant antitumoral activity on ependymoma SC-driven subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts by reducing the mitotic fraction. In vitro temozolomide at the EC50 (10 µM) induced accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase that was unexpectedly accompanied by downregulation of p27 and p21 without modulation of full-length p53 (FLp53). Differentiation-committed ependymoma SCs acquired resistance to temozolomide. Inhibition of proliferation was partly due to apoptosis, that occurred earlier in differentiated cells as compared to neurospheres. The activation of apoptosis correlated with an increase in p53β/γ isoforms without modulation of FLp53 under both serum-free and differentiation-promoting media. Incubation of cells in both conditions with temozolomide resulted in increased glioneuronal differentiation exhibiting elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein, galactosylceramidase, and βIII-tubulin expression compared to untreated controls. O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) transcript levels were very low in SCs, and were increased by treatment and, epigenetically, by differentiation through MGMT promoter unmethylation. CONCLUSION Ependymoma growth might be impaired by temozolomide through preferential depletion of a less differentiated, more tumorigenic, MGMT-negative cell population with stem-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meco
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
| | - Tiziana Servidei
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Lamorte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
| | - Elena Binda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
| | - Riccardo Riccardi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
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Sowers JL, Johnson KM, Conrad C, Patterson JT, Sowers LC. The role of inflammation in brain cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:75-105. [PMID: 24818720 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are among the most lethal of human tumors, with limited treatment options currently available. A complex array of recurrent genetic and epigenetic changes has been observed in gliomas that collectively result in derangements of common cell signaling pathways controlling cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. One important determinant of gene expression is DNA methylation status, and emerging studies have revealed the importance of a recently identified demethylation pathway involving 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Diminished levels of the modified base 5hmC is a uniform finding in glioma cell lines and patient samples, suggesting a common defect in epigenetic reprogramming. Within the tumor microenvironment, infiltrating immune cells increase oxidative DNA damage, likely promoting both genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during glioma evolution. In this environment, glioma cells are selected that utilize multiple metabolic changes, including changes in the metabolism of the amino acids glutamate, tryptophan, and arginine. Whereas altered metabolism can promote the destruction of normal tissues, glioma cells exploit these changes to promote tumor cell survival and to suppress adaptive immune responses. Further understanding of these metabolic changes could reveal new strategies that would selectively disadvantage tumor cells and redirect host antitumor responses toward eradication of these lethal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Sowers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
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25
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Marzese DM, Scolyer RA, Huynh JL, Huang SK, Hirose H, Chong KK, Kiyohara E, Wang J, Kawas NP, Donovan NC, Hata K, Wilmott JS, Murali R, Buckland ME, Shivalingam B, Thompson JF, Morton DL, Kelly DF, Hoon DS. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation landscape of melanoma progression to brain metastasis reveals aberrations on homeobox D cluster associated with prognosis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:226-38. [PMID: 24014427 PMCID: PMC3857956 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) represents a frequent complication of cutaneous melanoma. Despite aggressive multi-modality therapy, patients with MBM often have a survival rate of <1 year. Alteration in DNA methylation is a major hallmark of tumor progression and metastasis; however, it remains largely unexplored in MBM. In this study, we generated a comprehensive DNA methylation landscape through the use of genome-wide copy number, DNA methylation and gene expression data integrative analysis of melanoma progression to MBM. A progressive genome-wide demethylation in low CpG density and an increase in methylation level of CpG islands according to melanoma progression were observed. MBM-specific partially methylated domains (PMDs) affecting key brain developmental processes were identified. Differentially methylated CpG sites between MBM and lymph node metastasis (LNM) from patients with good prognosis were identified. Among the most significantly affected genes were the HOX family members. DNA methylation of HOXD9 gene promoter affected transcript and protein expression and was significantly higher in MBM than that in early stages. A MBM-specific PMD was identified in this region. Low methylation level of this region was associated with active HOXD9 expression, open chromatin and histone modifications associated with active transcription. Demethylating agent induced HOXD9 expression in melanoma cell lines. The clinical relevance of this finding was verified in an independent large cohort of melanomas (n = 145). Patients with HOXD9 hypermethylation in LNM had poorer disease-free and overall survival. This epigenome-wide study identified novel methylated genes with functional and clinical implications for MBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Departments of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology and Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065USA
| | | | | | - John F. Thompson
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Donald L. Morton
- Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Daniel F. Kelly
- Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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BUB1 and BUBR1 inhibition decreases proliferation and colony formation, and enhances radiation sensitivity in pediatric glioblastoma cells. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:2241-8. [PMID: 23728478 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a very aggressive and lethal brain tumor with poor prognosis. Despite new treatment strategies, patients' median survival is still lower than 1 year in most cases. The expression of the BUB gene family has demonstrated to be altered in a variety of solid tumors, pointing to a role as putative therapeutic target. The purpose of this study was to determine BUB1, BUB3, and BUBR1 gene expression profiles in glioblastoma and to analyze the effects of BUB1 and BUBR1 inhibition combined or not with Temozolomide and radiation in the pediatric SF188 GBM cell line. METHODS For gene expression analysis, 8 cell lines and 18 tumor samples were used. The effect of BUB1 and BUBR1 inhibition was evaluated using siRNA. Apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle kinetics, micronuclei formation, and clonogenic capacity were analyzed after BUB1 and BUBR1 inhibition. Additionally, combinatorial effects of gene inhibition and radiation or Temozolomide (TMZ) treatment were evaluated through proliferation and clonogenic capacity assays. RESULTS We report the upregulation of BUB1 and BUBR1 expression and the downregulation of BUB3 in GBM samples and cell lines when compared to white matter samples (p < 0.05). Decreased cell proliferation and colony formation after BUB1 and BUBR1 inhibition were observed, along with increased micronuclei formation. Combinations with TMZ also caused cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. Moreover, our results demonstrate that BUB1 and BUBR1 inhibition sensitized SF188 cells to γ-irradiation as shown by decreased growth and abrogation of colony formation capacity. CONCLUSION BUB1 and BUBR1 inhibition decreases proliferation and shows radiosensitizing effects on pediatric GBM cells, which could improve treatment strategies for this devastating tumor. Collectively, these findings highlight the potentials of BUB1 and BUBR1 as putative therapeutic targets for glioblastoma treatment.
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Spyropoulou A, Piperi C, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG. Deregulated chromatin remodeling in the pathobiology of brain tumors. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:1-24. [PMID: 23114751 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors encompass a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors with variable histopathology, aggressiveness, clinical outcome and prognosis. Current gene expression profiling studies indicate interplay of genetic and epigenetic alterations in their pathobiology. A central molecular event underlying epigenetics is the alteration of chromatin structure by post-translational modifications of DNA and histones as well as nucleosome repositioning. Dynamic remodeling of the fundamental nucleosomal structure of chromatin or covalent histone marks located in core histones regulate main cellular processes including DNA methylation, replication, DNA-damage repair as well as gene expression. Deregulation of these processes has been linked to tumor suppressor gene silencing, cancer initiation and progression. The reversible nature of deregulated chromatin structure by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation inhibitors, leading to re-expression of tumor suppressor genes, makes chromatin-remodeling pathways as promising therapeutic targets. In fact, a considerable number of these inhibitors are being tested today either alone or in combination with other agents or conventional treatments in the management of brain tumors with considerable success. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underpinning deregulated chromatin remodeling in brain tumors, discuss their potential clinical implications and highlight the advances toward new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Mullins CS, Schubert J, Schneider B, Linnebacher M, Classen CF. Cilengitide response in ultra-low passage glioblastoma cell lines: relation to molecular markers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1425-31. [PMID: 23749036 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a tumor still characterized by dismal prognosis, recent research focuses on novel-targeted compounds, in addition to standard temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. One of these emerging compounds is cilengitide (CGT), which by binding to integrins (i.e., αvβ3 and αvβ5) may inhibit angiogenesis and also is directly cytotoxic to tumor cells by interfering with intracellular signaling pathways. METHODS A total of ten patient-derived ultra-low passage GBM cell lines were treated with increasing doses of CGT, TMZ, and a combination of both substances. Inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC₅₀) were determined for the single agents and as a combination. Cell lines were stratified according to MGMT promoter methylation. The expression of relevant integrins was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS In monotherapy, all GBM cell lines showed higher sensitivity to CGT than to TMZ, as determined by IC₅₀ values in relation to clinically relevant patient plasma levels. MGMT promoter methylation correlated with a significantly higher TMZ response, but tended to be associated with a lower CGT response. Response to CGT was not correlated with cell surface integrin expression as measured by flow cytometry. Finally, addition of CGT to TMZ enhanced growth inhibition, but only in those cell lines with a methylated MGMT promoter. CONCLUSIONS As suggested by this analysis, patients with MGMT promoter-methylated GBM may benefit from addition of CGT to the standard TMZ treatment, while patients with MGMT promoter-unmethylated GBM may better respond to CGT monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Mullins
- University Children's Hospital, University Medicine, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation is differentially associated with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in oligodendrogliomas and high-grade astrocytomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 72:298-306. [PMID: 23481705 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182898113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) is a marker of repressed transcription. Cells transfected with mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) show increased methylation of histone lysine residues, including H3K9me3, because of inhibition of histone demethylases by 2-hydroxyglutarate. Here, we evaluated H3K9me3 and its association with IDH mutations in 284 gliomas. Trimethylation of H3K9 was significantly associated with IDH mutations in oligodendrogliomas. Moreover, 72% of World Health Organization grade II and 65% of grade III oligodendrogliomas showed combined H3K9me3 positivity and 1p19q codeletion. In astrocytic tumors, H3K9me3 positivity was found in all grades of tumors; it showed a significant relationship with IDH mutational status in grade II astrocytomas but not in grade III astrocytomas or glioblastomas. Finally, H3K9me3-positive grade II oligodendrogliomas, but not other tumor subtypes, showed improved overall survival compared with H3K9me3-negative cases. These results suggest that repressive trimethylation of H3K9 in gliomas may occur in a context-dependent manner and is associated with IDH mutations in oligodendrogliomas but may be differently regulated in high-grade astrocytic tumors. Furthermore, H3K9me3 may define a subset of grade II oligodendrogliomas with better overall survival. Our results suggest variable roles for IDH mutations in the pathogenesis of oligodendrogliomas versus astrocytic tumors.
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Skiriutė D, Vaitkienė P, Ašmonienė V, Steponaitis G, Deltuva VP, Tamašauskas A. Promoter methylation of AREG, HOXA11, hMLH1, NDRG2, NPTX2 and Tes genes in glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2013; 113:441-9. [PMID: 23624749 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations alone or in combination with genetic mechanisms play a key role in brain tumorigenesis. Glioblastoma is one of the most common, lethal and poor clinical outcome primary brain tumors with extraordinarily miscellaneous epigenetic alterations profile. The aim of this study was to investigate new potential prognostic epigenetic markers such as AREG, HOXA11, hMLH1, NDRG2, NTPX2 and Tes genes promoter methylation, frequency and value for patients outcome. We examined the promoter methylation status using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 100 glioblastoma tissue samples. The value for clinical outcome was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimation with log-rank test. DNA promoter methylation was frequent event appearing more than 45 % for gene. AREG and HOXA11 methylation status was significantly associated with patient age. HOXA11 showed the tendency to be associated with patient outcome in glioblastomas. AREG gene promoter methylation showed significant correlation with poor patient outcome. AREG methylation remained significantly associated with patient survival in a Cox multivariate model including MGMT promoter methylation status. This study of new epigenetic targets has shown considerably high level of analyzed genes promoter methylation variability in glioblastoma tissue. AREG gene might be valuable marker for glioblastoma patient survival prognosis, however further analysis is needed to clarify the independence and appropriateness of the marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Skiriutė
- Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Yu ZQ, Zhang BL, Ren QX, Wang JC, Yu RT, Qu DW, Liu ZH, Xiong Y, Gao DS. Changes in Transcriptional Factor Binding Capacity Resulting from Promoter Region Methylation Induce Aberrantly High GDNF Expression in Human Glioma. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:571-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Venneti S, Thompson CB. Metabolic modulation of epigenetics in gliomas. Brain Pathol 2013; 23:217-21. [PMID: 23432648 PMCID: PMC3615671 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolism and epigenetics are two relatively new areas of cancer research. Recent years have seen an explosion of studies implicating either altered tumor metabolism or epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis or maintenance of brain tumors. A new paradigm is emerging in cancer biology that represents a convergence of these themes, the metabolic regulation of epigenetics. We discuss this interrelationship in the context of two metabolic enzymes that can influence the pathogenesis of gliomas by altering the epigenetic state. The first of these enzymes is isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), which is mutated in secondary glioblastomas and ~70% of grade II/III astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Mutant IDH1 results in the production of a metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) that can inhibit DNA and histone demethylating enzymes resulting in the glioma-CpG island phenotype (G-CIMP) and increased histone methylation marks. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), an enzyme that plays a critical role in the glycolytic pathway, is a second example of a metabolic enzyme that can affect histone modifications. In epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven glioblastoma, PKM2 translocates to the nucleus and phosphorylates histone 3 at threonine 11 (H3-T11). This causes dissociation of HDAC3 from the CCND1 (Cyclin D1) and c-MYC promoters and subsequent histone acetylation, leading to transcription of Cyclin-D1 and c-MYC, and subsequent cell proliferation. Modification of the epigenetic state by alterations in metabolic enzymes is a novel phenomenon that contributes to the pathogenesis of gliomas and may help in the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Venneti
- Cancer Biology and Genetics ProgramMemorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Craig B. Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics ProgramMemorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY
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Baronchelli S, Bentivegna A, Redaelli S, Riva G, Butta V, Paoletta L, Isimbaldi G, Miozzo M, Tabano S, Daga A, Marubbi D, Cattaneo M, Biunno I, Dalprà L. Delineating the cytogenomic and epigenomic landscapes of glioma stem cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57462. [PMID: 23468990 PMCID: PMC3585345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and malignant type of glioma, is characterized by a poor prognosis and the lack of an effective treatment, which are due to a small sub-population of cells with stem-like properties, termed glioma stem cells (GSCs). The term "multiforme" describes the histological features of this tumor, that is, the cellular and morphological heterogeneity. At the molecular level multiple layers of alterations may reflect this heterogeneity providing together the driving force for tumor initiation and development. In order to decipher the common "signature" of the ancestral GSC population, we examined six already characterized GSC lines evaluating their cytogenomic and epigenomic profiles through a multilevel approach (conventional cytogenetic, FISH, aCGH, MeDIP-Chip and functional bioinformatic analysis). We found several canonical cytogenetic alterations associated with GBM and a common minimal deleted region (MDR) at 1p36.31, including CAMTA1 gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene, specific for the GSC population. Therefore, on one hand our data confirm a role of driver mutations for copy number alterations (CNAs) included in the GBM genomic-signature (gain of chromosome 7- EGFR gene, loss of chromosome 13- RB1 gene, loss of chromosome 10-PTEN gene); on the other, it is not obvious that the new identified CNAs are passenger mutations, as they may be necessary for tumor progression specific for the individual patient. Through our approach, we were able to demonstrate that not only individual genes into a pathway can be perturbed through multiple mechanisms and at different levels, but also that different combinations of perturbed genes can incapacitate functional modules within a cellular networks. Therefore, beyond the differences that can create apparent heterogeneity of alterations among GSC lines, there's a sort of selective force acting on them in order to converge towards the impairment of cell development and differentiation processes. This new overview could have a huge importance in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baronchelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Science and Technology Park, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riva
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Butta
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Paoletta
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino- Istituto Scientifico Tumori (IST) Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Marubbi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino- Istituto Scientifico Tumori (IST) Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Cattaneo
- Science and Technology Park, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Biunno
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research-National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Surgical Pathology, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Blancafort P, Jin J, Frye S. Writing and rewriting the epigenetic code of cancer cells: from engineered proteins to small molecules. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 83:563-76. [PMID: 23150486 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.080697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenomic era has revealed a well-connected network of molecular processes that shape the chromatin landscape. These processes comprise abnormal methylomes, transcriptosomes, genome-wide histone post-transcriptional modifications patterns, histone variants, and noncoding RNAs. The mapping of these processes in large scale by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and other methodologies in both cancer and normal cells reveals novel therapeutic opportunities for anticancer intervention. The goal of this minireview is to summarize pharmacological strategies to modify the epigenetic landscape of cancer cells. These approaches include the use of novel small molecule inhibitors of epigenetic processes specifically deregulated in cancer cells and the design of engineered proteins able to stably reprogram the epigenetic code in cancer cells in a way that is similar to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Blancafort
- School of Anatomy, Physiology, and Human Biology, M309, the University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia.
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Mutoh T, Sanosaka T, Ito K, Nakashima K. Oxygen levels epigenetically regulate fate switching of neural precursor cells via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-notch signal interaction in the developing brain. Stem Cells 2012; 30:561-9. [PMID: 22213097 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen levels in tissues including the embryonic brain are lower than those in the atmosphere. We reported previously that Notch signal activation induces demethylation of astrocytic genes, conferring astrocyte differentiation ability on midgestational neural precursor cells (mgNPCs). Here, we show that the oxygen sensor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) plays a critical role in astrocytic gene demethylation in mgNPCs by cooperating with the Notch signaling pathway. Expression of constitutively active HIF1α and a hyperoxic environment, respectively, promoted and impeded astrocyte differentiation in the developing brain. Our findings suggest that hypoxia contributes to the appropriate scheduling of mgNPC fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Mutoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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Malzkorn B, Wolter M, Riemenschneider MJ, Reifenberger G. Unraveling the glioma epigenome: from molecular mechanisms to novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Brain Pathol 2012; 21:619-32. [PMID: 21939466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by DNA methylation and histone modification is frequently altered in human cancers including gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors. In diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas, epigenetic changes often present as aberrant hypermethylation of 5'-cytosine-guanine (CpG)-rich regulatory sequences in a large variety of genes, a phenomenon referred to as glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP). G-CIMP is particularly common but not restricted to gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or 2 (IDH2) mutation. Recent studies provided a mechanistic link between these genetic mutations and the associated widespread epigenetic modifications. Specifically, 2-hydroxyglutarate, the oncometabolite produced by mutant IDH1 and IDH2 proteins, has been shown to function as a competitive inhibitor of various α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and members of the ten-eleven-translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. In this review article, we briefly address (i) the basic principles of epigenetic control of gene expression; (ii) the most important methods to analyze focal and global epigenetic alterations in cells and tissues; and (iii) the involvement of epigenetic alterations in the molecular pathogenesis of gliomas. Moreover, we discuss the promising roles of epigenetic alterations as molecular diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic targets, and highlight future perspectives toward unraveling the "glioma epigenome."
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Malzkorn
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Recent advances in the molecular understanding of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2012; 108:11-27. [PMID: 22270850 PMCID: PMC3337398 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite maximum treatment, patients only have a median survival time of 15 months, because of the tumor’s resistance to current therapeutic approaches. Thus far, methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter has been the only confirmed molecular predictive factor in glioblastoma. Novel “genome-wide” techniques have identified additional important molecular alterations as mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and its prognostic importance. This review summarizes findings and techniques of genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic studies of glioblastoma. It provides the clinician with an up-to-date overview of current identified molecular alterations that should ultimately lead to new therapeutic targets and more individualized treatment approaches in glioblastoma.
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Ugonabo I, Bassily N, Beier A, Yeung JT, Hitchcock L, De Mattia F, Karim A. Familial glioblastoma: A case report of glioblastoma in two brothers and review of literature. Surg Neurol Int 2011; 2:153. [PMID: 22140638 PMCID: PMC3228386 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.86833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gliomas that aggregate in families with history of malignancy may have an inheritable genetic basis. Gliomas can occur in several well known tumor syndromes. However, their occurrence in the absence of these syndromes is quite rare. High-grade gliomas, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are the most common and most lethal primary cancers of the central nervous system (CNS). Case Description: We present a case of two brothers both diagnosed with GBM. Both siblings underwent biopsy with debulking of the tumors by different surgeons. Only one sibling elected to undergo chemotherapy and radiation. Cytogenetic studies were possible only on one sibling and the tumor specimen revealed multiple chromosomal abnormalities, including triploidies 4, 8, 12, 22 and loss of heterozygosity of 1p, 9p, and 10. Histological samples for both tumors were similar, both revealing increased cellularity consisting of gemistocytic astrocytes, central necrosis, and microvascularization. Conclusion: We present two brothers who display a rare familial relationship in the development of their GBMs. Supplementary and improved genetic studies may allow for specific treatment modalities as certain genetic abnormalities have better response to tailored treatments and carry better prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Ugonabo
- Department of Medicine, Oakwood Medical Center, Dearborn, MI, USA
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Qureshi IA, Mehler MF. Epigenetics, nervous system tumors, and cancer stem cells. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3525-56. [PMID: 24212967 PMCID: PMC3759209 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3033525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have begun to elucidate how epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are responsible for establishing and maintaining cell identity during development and adult life and how the disruption of these processes is, not surprisingly, one of the hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we describe the major epigenetic mechanisms (i.e., DNA methylation, histone and chromatin modification, non-coding RNA deployment, RNA editing, and nuclear reorganization) and discuss the broad spectrum of epigenetic alterations that have been uncovered in pediatric and adult nervous system tumors. We also highlight emerging evidence that suggests epigenetic deregulation is a characteristic feature of so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are thought to be present in a range of nervous system tumors and responsible for tumor maintenance, progression, treatment resistance, and recurrence. We believe that better understanding how epigenetic mechanisms operate in neural cells and identifying the etiologies and consequences of epigenetic deregulation in tumor cells and CSCs, in particular, are likely to promote the development of enhanced molecular diagnostics and more targeted and effective therapeutic agents for treating recalcitrant nervous system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A. Qureshi
- Rosyln and Leslie Goldstein Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; E-Mail:
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mark F. Mehler
- Rosyln and Leslie Goldstein Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; E-Mail:
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-718-430-3543; Fax: +1-718-918-7505
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Zhu D, Hunter SB, Vertino PM, Van Meir EG. Overexpression of MBD2 in glioblastoma maintains epigenetic silencing and inhibits the antiangiogenic function of the tumor suppressor gene BAI1. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5859-70. [PMID: 21724586 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) is a putative G protein-coupled receptor with potent antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic properties that is mutated in certain cancers. BAI1 is expressed in normal human brain, but it is frequently silenced in glioblastoma multiforme. In this study, we show that this silencing event is regulated by overexpression of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), a key mediator of epigenetic gene regulation, which binds to the hypermethylated BAI1 gene promoter. In glioma cells, treatment with the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) was sufficient to reactivate BAI1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that MBD2 was enriched at the promoter of silenced BAI1 in glioma cells and that MBD2 binding was released by 5-Aza-dC treatment. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of MBD2 expression led to reactivation of BAI1 gene expression and restoration of BAI1 functional activity, as indicated by increased antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that MBD2 overexpression during gliomagenesis may drive tumor growth by suppressing the antiangiogenic activity of a key tumor suppressor. These findings have therapeutic implications because inhibiting MBD2 could offer a strategy to reactivate BAI1 and suppress glioma pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Rajan P. STATus and Context within the Mammalian Nervous System. Mol Med 2011; 17:965-73. [PMID: 21607287 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective manipulation of human disease processes may be achieved by understanding transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic events that orchestrate cellular events. The levels of activation of specific molecules, spatial distribution and concentrations of relevant networks of signaling molecules along with the receptiveness of the chromatin to these signals are some of the parameters which dictate context. Effects elicited by the transcription factor signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) are discussed with respect to the context within which Stat3-mediated effects are elicited within the developing and adult mammalian nervous system. Stat3 signals are pivotal to the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. They also participate in neuronal regeneration and cancers of the nervous system. An analysis of the context in which Stat3 activation occurs in these processes provides a potential predictive paradigm with which novel methods for intervention may be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithi Rajan
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Muscarella LA, Barbano R, D'Angelo V, Copetti M, Coco M, Balsamo T, la Torre A, Notarangelo A, Troiano M, Parisi S, Icolaro N, Catapano D, Valori VM, Pellegrini F, Merla G, Carella M, Fazio VM, Parrella P. Regulation of KEAP1 expression by promoter methylation in malignant gliomas and association with patient's outcome. Epigenetics 2011; 6:317-25. [PMID: 21173573 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.3.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In light with the view that KEAP1 loss of function may impact tumour behavior and modify response to chemotherapeutical agents, we sought to determine whether KEAP1 gene is epigenetically regulated in malignant gliomas. We developed a Quantitative Methylation Specific PCR (QMSP) assay to analyze 86 malignant gliomas and 20 normal brain tissues. The discriminatory power of the assay was assessed by Receiving Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The AUC value of the curve was 0.823 (95%CI: 0.764-0.883) with an optimal cut off value of 0.133 yielding a 74% sensitivity (95%CI: 63%-82%) and an 85% specificity (95%CI: 64%-95%). Bisulfite sequencing analysis confirmed QMSP results and demonstrated a direct correlation between percentage of methylated CpGs and methylation levels (Spearman's Rho 0.929, P=0.003). Remarkably, a strong inverse correlation was observed between methylation levels and KEAP1 mRNA transcript in tumour tissue (Spearman's Rho -0.656 P=0.0001) and in a cell line before and after treatment with 5-azacytidine (P=0.003). RECPAM multivariate statistical analysis studying the interaction between MGMT and KEAP1 methylation in subjects treated with radiotherapy and temozolomide (n=70), identified three prognostic classes of glioma patients at different risk to progress. While simultaneous methylation of MGMT and KEAP1 promoters was associated with the lowest risk to progress, patients showing only MGMT methylation were the subgroup at the higher risk (HR 5.54, 95% CI 1.35-22.74). Our results further suggest that KEAP1 expression is epigenetically regulated. In addition we demonstrated that KEAP1 is frequently methylated in malignant gliomas and a predictor of patient's outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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