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Rai G, Sharma S, Bhasin J, Aggarwal K, Ahuja A, Dang S. Nanotechnological advances in the treatment of epilepsy: a comprehensive review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:152002. [PMID: 38194705 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1c95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent chronic neurological disorders characterized by frequent unprovoked epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures can develop from a broad range of underlying abnormalities such as tumours, strokes, infections, traumatic brain injury, developmental abnormalities, autoimmune diseases, and genetic predispositions. Sometimes epilepsy is not easily diagnosed and treated due to the large diversity of symptoms. Undiagnosed and untreated seizures deteriorate over time, impair cognition, lead to injuries, and can sometimes result in death. This review gives details about epilepsy, its classification on the basis of International League Against Epilepsy, current therapeutics which are presently offered for the treatment of epilepsy. Despite of the fact that more than 30 different anti-epileptic medication and antiseizure drugs are available, large number of epileptic patients fail to attain prolonged seizure independence. Poor onsite bioavailability of drugs due to blood brain barrier poses a major challenge in drug delivery to brain. The present review covers the limitations with the state-of-the-art strategies for managing seizures and emphasizes the role of nanotechnology in overcoming these issues. Various nano-carriers like polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, lipidic nanoparticles such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nano-lipid carriers, have been explored for the delivery of anti-epileptic drugs to brain using oral and intranasal routes. Nano-carries protect the encapsulated drugs from degradation and provide a platform to deliver controlled release over prolonged periods, improved permeability and bioavailability at the site of action. The review also emphasises in details about the role of neuropeptides for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Jasveen Bhasin
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Kanica Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Alka Ahuja
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shweta Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
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2
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Bale R, Doshi G. Cross talk about the role of Neuropeptide Y in CNS disorders and diseases. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102388. [PMID: 37918268 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A peptide composed of a 36 amino acid called Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is employed in a variety of physiological processes to manage and treat conditions affecting the endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and neurological systems. NPY naturally binds to G-protein coupled receptors, activating the Y-receptors (Y1-Y5 and y6). The findings on numerous therapeutic applications of NPY for CNS disease are presented in this review by the authors. New targets for treating diseases will be revealed by medication combinations that target NPY and its receptors. This review is mainly focused on disorders such as anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Machado Joseph disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, migraine, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. The findings from the preclinical studies and clinical studies covered in this article may help create efficient therapeutic plans to treat neurological conditions on the one hand and psychiatric disorders on the other. They may also open the door to the creation of novel NPY receptor ligands as medications to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India.
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3
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Gøtzsche CR, Woldbye DPD, Hundahl CA, Hay-Schmidt A. Neuroglobin deficiency increases seizure susceptibility but does not affect basal behavior in mice. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1921-1932. [PMID: 35822521 PMCID: PMC9544565 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is found in the neurones of several different brain areas and is known to bind oxygen and other gaseous molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, but it does not seem to act as a respiratory molecule for neurones. Using male and female Ngb‐knockout (KO) mice, we addressed the role of Ngb in neuronal brain activity using behavioral tests but found no differences in general behaviors, memory processes, and anxiety−/depression‐like behaviors. Oxidative stress and ROS play key roles in epileptogenesis, and oxidative injury produced by an excessive production of free radicals is involved in the initiation and progression of epilepsy. The ROS binding properties led us to hypothesize that lack of Ngb could affect central coping with excitatory stimuli. We consequently explored whether exposure to the excitatory molecule kainate (KA) would increase severity of seizures in mice lacking Ngb. We found that the duration and severity of seizures were increased, while the latency time to develop seizures was shortened in Ngb‐KO compared to wildtype adult female mice. Consistently, c‐fos expression after KA was significantly increased in Ngb‐KO mice in the amygdala and piriform cortex, regions rich in Ngb and known to be centrally involved in seizure generation. Moreover, the measured c‐fos expression levels were correlated with seizure susceptibility. With these new findings combined with previous studies we propose that Ngb could constitute an intrinsic defense mechanism against neuronal hyperexcitability and oxidative stress by buffering of ROS in amygdala and other Ngb‐containing brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper R Gøtzsche
- Department for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David P D Woldbye
- Department for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Hay-Schmidt
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Shaimardanova AA, Chulpanova DS, Mullagulova AI, Afawi Z, Gamirova RG, Solovyeva VV, Rizvanov AA. Gene and Cell Therapy for Epilepsy: A Mini Review. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:868531. [PMID: 35645733 PMCID: PMC9132249 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.868531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic non-infectious disease of the brain, characterized primarily by recurrent unprovoked seizures, defined as an episode of disturbance of motor, sensory, autonomic, or mental functions resulting from excessive neuronal discharge. Despite the advances in the treatment achieved with the use of antiepileptic drugs and other non-pharmacological therapies, about 30% of patients suffer from uncontrolled seizures. This review summarizes the currently available methods of gene and cell therapy for epilepsy and discusses the development of these approaches. Currently, gene therapy for epilepsy is predominantly adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of genes encoding neuro-modulatory peptides, neurotrophic factors, enzymes, and potassium channels. Cell therapy for epilepsy is represented by the transplantation of several types of cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone marrow mononuclear cells, neural stem cells, and MSC-derived exosomes. Another approach is encapsulated cell biodelivery, which is the transplantation of genetically modified cells placed in capsules and secreting various therapeutic agents. The use of gene and cell therapy approaches can significantly improve the condition of patient with epilepsy. Therefore, preclinical, and clinical studies have been actively conducted in recent years to prove the benefits and safety of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria S. Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Aysilu I. Mullagulova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Zaid Afawi
- Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Rimma G. Gamirova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Albert A. Rizvanov,
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5
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Chen QC, Zhang Y. The Role of NPY in the Regulation of Bone Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:833485. [PMID: 35273572 PMCID: PMC8902412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.833485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases are the leading causes of disability and severely compromised quality of life. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a multifunctional neuropeptide that participates in various physiological and pathological processes and exists in both the nerve system and bone tissue. In bone tissue, it actively participates in bone metabolism and disease progression through its receptors. Previous studies have focused on the opposite effects of NPY on bone formation and resorption through paracrine modes. In this review, we present a brief overview of the progress made in this research field in recent times in order to provide reference for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of bone physiology and pathological metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang,
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6
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Multi-omics in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: Clues into the underlying mechanisms leading to disease. Seizure 2021; 90:34-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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7
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Cattaneo S, Verlengia G, Marino P, Simonato M, Bettegazzi B. NPY and Gene Therapy for Epilepsy: How, When,... and Y. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:608001. [PMID: 33551745 PMCID: PMC7862707 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.608001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuropeptide abundantly expressed in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system. NPY is a pleiotropic molecule, which influences cell proliferation, cardiovascular and metabolic function, pain and neuronal excitability. In the central nervous system, NPY acts as a neuromodulator, affecting pathways that range from cellular (excitability, neurogenesis) to circuit level (food intake, stress response, pain perception). NPY has a broad repertoire of receptor subtypes, each activating specific signaling pathways in different tissues and cellular sub-regions. In the context of epilepsy, NPY is thought to act as an endogenous anticonvulsant that performs its action through Y2 and Y5 receptors. In fact, its overexpression in the brain with the aid of viral vectors can suppress seizures in animal models of epilepsy. Therefore, NPY-based gene therapy may represent a novel approach for the treatment of epilepsy patients, particularly for pharmaco-resistant and genetic forms of the disease. Nonetheless, considering all the aforementioned aspects of NPY signaling, the study of possible NPY applications as a therapeutic molecule is not devoid of critical aspects. The present review will summarize data related to NPY biology, focusing on its anti-epileptic effects, with a critical appraisal of key elements that could be exploited to improve the already existing NPY-based gene therapy approaches for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cattaneo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verlengia
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pietro Marino
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Bettegazzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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8
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do Canto AM, Donatti A, Geraldis JC, Godoi AB, da Rosa DC, Lopes-Cendes I. Neuroproteomics in Epilepsy: What Do We Know so Far? Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:604158. [PMID: 33488359 PMCID: PMC7817846 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.604158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are chronic neurological diseases that affect approximately 2% of the world population. In addition to being one of the most frequent neurological disorders, treatment for patients with epilepsy remains a challenge, because a proportion of patients do not respond to the antiseizure medications that are currently available. This results in a severe economic and social burden for patients, families, and the healthcare system. A characteristic common to all forms of epilepsy is the occurrence of epileptic seizures that are caused by abnormal neuronal discharges, leading to a clinical manifestation that is dependent on the affected brain region. It is generally accepted that an imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition generates the synchronic electrical activity leading to seizures. However, it is still unclear how a normal neural circuit becomes susceptible to the generation of seizures or how epileptogenesis is induced. Herein, we review the results of recent proteomic studies applied to investigate the underlying mechanisms leading to epilepsies and how these findings may impact research and treatment for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. do Canto
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Amanda Donatti
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C. Geraldis
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B. Godoi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Douglas C. da Rosa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
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Szczygieł JA, Danielsen KI, Melin E, Rosenkranz SH, Pankratova S, Ericsson A, Agerman K, Kokaia M, Woldbye DPD. Gene Therapy Vector Encoding Neuropeptide Y and Its Receptor Y2 for Future Treatment of Epilepsy: Preclinical Data in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:232. [PMID: 33343295 PMCID: PMC7746806 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.603409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy to treat pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy in humans is now being developed using an AAV vector (CG01) that encodes the combination of neuropeptide Y and its antiepileptic receptor Y2. With this in mind, the present study aimed to provide important preclinical data on the effects of CG01 on the duration of transgene expression, cellular tropism, and potential side effects on body weight and cognitive function. The CG01 vector was administered unilaterally into the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of adult male rats and expression of both transgenes was found to remain elevated without a sign of decline at 6 months post-injection. CG01 appeared to mediate expression selectively in hippocampal neurons, without expression in astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. No effects were seen on body weight as well as on short- or long-term memory as revealed by testing in the Y-maze or Morris water maze tests. Thus these data show that unilateral CG01 vector treatment as future gene therapy in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients should result in stable and long-term expression predominantly in neurons and be well tolerated without side effects on body weight and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kira Iben Danielsen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Esbjörn Melin
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Merab Kokaia
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Sex differences in behavioral and metabolic effects of gene inactivation: The neuropeptide Y and Y receptors in the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:333-347. [PMID: 33045245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain and gonadal hormones interplay controls metabolic and behavioral functions in a sex-related manner. However, most translational neuroscience research related to animal models of endocrine and psychiatric disorders are often carried out in male animals only. The Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system shows sex-dependent differences and is sensitive to gonadal steroids. Based on published data from our and other laboratories, in this review we will discuss the sex related differences of NPY action on energy balance, bone homeostasis and behavior in rodents with the genetic manipulation of genes encoding NPY and its Y1, Y2 and Y5 cognate receptors. Comparative analyses of the phenotype of transgenic and knockout NPY and Y receptor rodents unravels sex dependent differences in the functions of this neurotransmission system, potentially helping to develop therapeutics for a variety of sex-related disorders including metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis and ethanol addiction.
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11
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Bertocchi I, Oberto A, Longo A, Palanza P, Eva C. Conditional inactivation of Npy1r gene in mice induces sex-related differences of metabolic and behavioral functions. Horm Behav 2020; 125:104824. [PMID: 32755609 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormone-driven differences in gene expression have been identified in experimental animals, highlighting brain neuronal populations implicated in dimorphism of metabolic and behavioral functions. Neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor (NPY-Y1R) system is sexually dimorphic and sensitive to gonadal steroids. In the present study we compared the phenotype of male and female conditional knockout mice (Npy1rrfb mice), carrying the inactivation of Npy1r gene in excitatory neurons of the brain limbic system. Compared to their male control (Npy1r2lox) littermates, male Npy1rrfb mice exhibited hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that is associated with anxiety and executive dysfunction, reduced body weight growth, after-fasting refeeding, white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and plasma leptin levels. Conversely, female Npy1rrfb mice displayed an anxious-like behavior but no differences in HPA axis activity, executive function and body weight, compared to control females. Moreover, conditional inactivation of Npy1r gene induced an increase of subcutaneous and gonadal WAT weight and plasma leptin levels and a compensatory decrease of Agouti-related protein immunoreactivity in the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) nucleus in females, compared to their respective control littermates. Interestingly, Npy1r mRNA expression was reduced in the ARC and in the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei of female, but not male mice. These results demonstrated that female mice are resilient to hormonal and metabolic effects of limbic Npy1r gene inactivation, suggesting the existence of an estrogen-dependent relay necessary to ensure the maintenance of the homeostasis, that can be mediated by hypothalamic Y1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bertocchi
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Oberto
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Longo
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Palanza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Carola Eva
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Italy.
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12
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Melin E, Nanobashvili A, Avdic U, Gøtzsche CR, Andersson M, Woldbye DPD, Kokaia M. Disease Modification by Combinatorial Single Vector Gene Therapy: A Preclinical Translational Study in Epilepsy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 15:179-193. [PMID: 31660420 PMCID: PMC6807261 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been suggested as a plausible novel approach to achieve seizure control in patients with focal epilepsy that do not adequately respond to pharmacological treatment. We investigated the seizure-suppressant potential of combinatorial neuropeptide Y and Y2 receptor single vector gene therapy based on adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1) in rats. First, a dose-response study in the systemic kainate-induced acute seizure model was performed, whereby the 1012 genomic particles (gp)/mL titer of the vector was selected as an optimal concentration. Second, an efficacy study was performed in the intrahippocampal kainate chronic model of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs), designed to reflect a likely clinical scenario, with magnetic resonance image (MRI)-guided focal unilateral administration of the vector in the hippocampus during the chronic stage of the disease. The efficacy study demonstrated a favorable outcome of the gene therapy, with a 31% responder rate (more than 50% reduction in SRS frequency) and 13% seizure-freedom rate, whereas no such effects were observed in the control animals. The inter-SRS and SRS cluster intervals were also significantly prolonged in the treated group compared to controls. In addition, the SRS duration was significantly reduced in the treated group but not in the controls. This study establishes the SRS-suppressant ability of the single vector combinatorial neuropeptide Y/Y2 receptor gene therapy in a clinically relevant chronic model of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esbjörn Melin
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Avtandil Nanobashvili
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,CombiGene AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Una Avdic
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Casper R Gøtzsche
- CombiGene AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81 Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - My Andersson
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - David P D Woldbye
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merab Kokaia
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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13
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Hadawale KN, Sawant NS, Sagarkar S, Sakharkar AJ, Bhargava SY. Sex-specific distribution of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain of the frog, Microhyla ornata. Neuropeptides 2019; 74:1-10. [PMID: 30826125 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in sex-specific behavioural processes in vertebrates. NPY integrates energy balance and reproduction in mammals. However, the relevance of NPY in reproduction of lower vertebrates is understudied. In the present study, we have investigated neuroanatomical distribution and sex-specific differences of NPY in the brain of Microhyla ornata using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time PCR. NPY is widely distributed throughout the brain of M. ornata. We observed NPY immunoreactivity in the cells of the nucleus accumbens, striatum pars dorsalis, dorsal pallium, medial pallium, ventral pallium, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, preoptic nucleus, infundibular region, median eminence and pituitary gland of adult M. ornata. A higher number of NPY- immunoreactive cells were observed in the preoptic nucleus (p < .01), nucleus infundibularis ventralis (p < .001) and anteroventral tegmental nucleus (p < .001) of the female as compared to that of the male frog. Real-Time PCR revealed higher mRNA levels of NPY in the female as compared to male frogs in the mid-brain region that largely contains the hypothalamus. Sexual dimorphism of NPY expression in M. ornata suggests that NPY may be involved in the reproductive physiology of anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita N Hadawale
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Nitin S Sawant
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Sneha Sagarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Shobha Y Bhargava
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007, India.
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Tillmann S, Skibdal HE, Christiansen SH, Gøtzsche CR, Hassan M, Mathé AA, Wegener G, Woldbye DPD. Sustained overexpression of neuropeptide S in the amygdala reduces anxiety-like behavior in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 367:28-34. [PMID: 30914309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) has shown anxiolytic-like effects in rodents after acute administration, but its long-term effects remain unknown. Gene therapy enables the targeted delivery of DNA to cell nuclei, and recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors have been identified as suitable tools for stable overexpression. Thus, to explore the effects of long-term expression of NPS, the present study examined anxiety- and depressive-like effects after rAAV-mediated NPS overexpression in the rat amygdala. Compared to rats injected with an empty control vector (rAAV-Empty), rAAV-NPS treatment was associated with reduced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and light-dark box, but did not affect depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. Importantly, rAAV-NPS did not cause confounding effects on locomotion or bodyweight as opposed to currently used anxiolytic drugs. Immunohistochemical stainings revealed NPS-positive cells in the central and basolateral region of the amygdala in rAAV-NPS but not rAAV-Empty rats, indicating successful transduction. Our study provides novel evidence for sustained anxiolytic-like properties of NPS by transgenic overexpression. These data suggest that rAAV-NPS application deserves further attention as a potential treatment strategy for anxiety in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tillmann
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heidi E Skibdal
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren H Christiansen
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper R Gøtzsche
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, AUGUST Centre, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark.
| | - David P D Woldbye
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Ingusci S, Cattaneo S, Verlengia G, Zucchini S, Simonato M. A Matter of Genes: The Hurdles of Gene Therapy for Epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr 2019; 19:38-43. [PMID: 30838918 PMCID: PMC6610370 DOI: 10.1177/1535759718822846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has recently advanced to the level of standard of care for several
diseases. However, its application to neurological disorders is still in the
experimental phase. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in the field
that provide optimism on the possibility to have first-in-human studies for gene
therapy of some forms of epilepsy in the not so distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Ingusci
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Cattaneo
- 2 School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verlengia
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,2 School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Zucchini
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,3 Technopole of Ferrara, LTTA Laboratory for the Technologies for Advanced Therapies, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,2 School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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16
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Soud K, Jørgensen SH, Woldbye DPD, Sørensen AT. The C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (NPY) is not essential for seizure-suppressant actions of prepro-NPY overexpression in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:362-372. [PMID: 30367522 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The full coding sequence of neuropeptide Y (NPY), prepro-NPY, is sequentially metabolized into three peptides; an N-terminus 28-amino acid signaling peptide, the NPY peptide itself (NPY1-36), and a 30-amino acid C-terminus peptide, known as the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide-Y (CPON). While the signaling peptide directs intracellular trafficking and NPY1-36 is well characterized, the biological function of CPON is unknown. This is noteworthy because CPON is co-stored and co-released along with NPY1-36 and could thus potentially serve important functions. To assess the role of CPON, we adapted a viral genetic approach using two different vector designs encoding NPY, but where the CPON coding sequence was excluded from one of the vectors. Thus, the effect of CPON was indirectly assessed. Male rats received intrahippocampal injections of either a vector encoding NPY1-39 whose metabolism yields NPY1-36 and not CPON, or a prepro-NPY vector encoding both NPY1-36 and CPON. A third vector encoding EGFP served as control. We subsequently studied to what extent CPON might affect seizure susceptibility and memory performance, respectively, to address two important questions to evaluate the potential of NPY gene therapy in epilepsy. Both NPY vectors, as compared to EGFP control, were found to be equally effective at suppressing acute kainate-induced seizures, and both did not influence learning and memory performance in the Morris water maze. Thus CPON itself does not appear to aid actions governed by vector-mediated overexpression of NPY1-36 within the hippocampus. Whether CPON serves other important functions remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Soud
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Heide Jørgensen
- Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Paul Drucker Woldbye
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Toft Sørensen
- Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Altered hippocampal gene expression and structure in transgenic mice overexpressing neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) type I. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:229. [PMID: 30348978 PMCID: PMC6197224 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice overexpressing the type I isoform of neuregulin 1 (Nrg1; NRG1) have alterations in hippocampal gamma oscillations and an age-emergent deficit in hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory. Here, we examined the molecular and morphological correlates of these findings. Microarrays showed over 100 hippocampal transcripts differentially expressed in Nrg1tg-type I mice, with enrichment of genes related to neuromodulation and, in older mice, of genes involved in inflammation and immunity. Nrg1tg-type I mice had an enlarged hippocampus with a widened dentate gyrus. The results show that Nrg1 type I impacts on hippocampal gene expression and structure in a multifaceted and partly age-related way, complementing the evidence implicating Nrg1 signaling in aspects of hippocampal function. The findings are also relevant to the possible role of NRG1 signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia or other disorders affecting this brain region.
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18
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Gschwind T, Lafourcade C, Gfeller T, Zaichuk M, Rambousek L, Knuesel I, Fritschy JM. Contribution of early Alzheimer's disease-related pathophysiology to the development of acquired epilepsy. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1534-1562. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Gschwind
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Carlos Lafourcade
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Tim Gfeller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mariana Zaichuk
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lukas Rambousek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Irene Knuesel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development; NORD Discovery & Translational Area; Roche Innovation Center Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Fritschy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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19
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Gene therapy mediated seizure suppression in Genetic Generalised Epilepsy: Neuropeptide Y overexpression in a rat model. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 113:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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20
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Altered expression of neuropeptide Y receptors caused by focal cortical dysplasia in human intractable epilepsy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15329-38. [PMID: 26943580 PMCID: PMC4941244 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common cause of pharmacologically-intractable epilepsy, however, the precise mechanisms underlying the epileptogenicity of FCD remains to be determined. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an endogenous anticonvulsant in the central nervous system, plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal excitability. Increased expression of NPY and its receptors has been identified in the hippocampus of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, presumed to act as an endogenous anticonvulsant mechanism. Therefore, we investigated whether expression changes in NPY receptors occurs in patients with FCD. We specifically investigated the expression of seizure-related NPY receptor subtypes Y1, Y2, and Y5 in patients with FCD versus autopsy controls. We found that Y1R and Y2R were up-regulated at the mRNA and protein levels in the temporal and frontal lobes in FCD lesions. By contrast, there was no significant change in either receptor detected in parietal lesions. Notably, overexpression of Y5R was consistently observed in all FCD lesions. Our results demonstrate the altered expression of Y1R, Y2R and Y5R occurs in FCD lesions within the temporal, frontal and parietal lobe. Abnormal NPY receptor subtype expression may be associated with the onset and progression of epileptic activity and may act as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of refractory epilepsy caused by FCD.
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21
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Lemche E, Chaban OS, Lemche AV. Neuroendocrinological and Epigenetic Mechanisms Subserving Autonomic Imbalance and HPA Dysfunction in the Metabolic Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:142. [PMID: 27147943 PMCID: PMC4830841 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact of environmental stress upon pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been substantiated by epidemiological, psychophysiological, and endocrinological studies. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of causative roles of nutritional factors, sympathomedullo-adrenal (SMA) and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axes, and adipose tissue chronic low-grade inflammation processes in MetS. Disturbances in the neuroendocrine systems for leptin, melanocortin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein systems have been found resulting directly in MetS-like conditions. The review identifies candidate risk genes from factors shown critical for the functioning of each of these neuroendocrine signaling cascades. In its meta-analytic part, recent studies in epigenetic modification (histone methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination) and posttranscriptional gene regulation by microRNAs are evaluated. Several studies suggest modification mechanisms of early life stress (ELS) and diet-induced obesity (DIO) programming in the hypothalamic regions with populations of POMC-expressing neurons. Epigenetic modifications were found in cortisol (here HSD11B1 expression), melanocortin, leptin, NPY, and adiponectin genes. With respect to adiposity genes, epigenetic modifications were documented for fat mass gene cluster APOA1/C3/A4/A5, and the lipolysis gene LIPE. With regard to inflammatory, immune and subcellular metabolism, PPARG, NKBF1, TNFA, TCF7C2, and those genes expressing cytochrome P450 family enzymes involved in steroidogenesis and in hepatic lipoproteins were documented for epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Lemche
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK
| | - Oleg S Chaban
- Section of Psychosomatic Medicine, Bogomolets National Medical University Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alexandra V Lemche
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Clinical Research Berlin, Germany
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22
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Naserpour Farivar T, Nassiri-Asl M, Johari P, Najafipour R, Hajiali F. The Effects of Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure on Gene Expression of Brain Neurotransmitter Receptors in Mice Using RT 2 PCR Array. Basic Clin Neurosci 2016; 7:291-298. [PMID: 27872690 PMCID: PMC5102558 DOI: 10.15412/j.bcn.03070402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Kainic acid (KA) induces neuropathological changes in specific regions of the mouse hippocampus comparable to changes seen in patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). According to different studies, the expression of a number of genes are altered in the adult rat hippocampus after status epilepticus (SE) induced by KA. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate changes in the gene expression of brain neurotransmitter receptors one week after administration of kainic acid in the mouse hippocampus. Methods: We used 12 BALB/c mice in this study and randomly divided them into 2 groups. To both groups, saline (IP) was administered for 7 days, and on the last day, KA (10 mg/kg, IP) was injected 30 minutes after administration of saline. Subsequently, behavioural changes were observed in mice. Then, in one group (1 day group), 2 hours and in another group (7 days group), 7 days after KA administration, the hippocampus tissue of mice was removed and used for gene expression analyses. Total brain RNA was isolated and reversely transcribed. We performed qPCR using RT2 Profiler TMPCR Array Mouse Neurotransmitter Receptors and Regulators (QIAGEN) containing primers for 84 genes. In this regard, we selected 50 related genes for KA model. Results: Our results showed significant changes in the gene expression of GABAA subunits receptors, including α1-α3, α5, α6, β2, β3, γ1, ρ, and rho1-2 on day 7 compared with the day 1. Conclusion: Expression of both inhibitory and excitatory receptors changed after one week. Further studies are needed to find more molecular changes in the gene expression of brain neurotransmitter receptors and regulators over longer periods of time in KA models using RT2 PCR array.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Pouran Johari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Najafipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farid Hajiali
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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23
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Ledri LN, Melin E, Christiansen SH, Gøtzsche CR, Cifra A, Woldbye DPD, Kokaia M. Translational approach for gene therapy in epilepsy: Model system and unilateral overexpression of neuropeptide Y and Y2 receptors. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 86:52-61. [PMID: 26607785 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although novel treatment strategies based on the gene therapy approach for epilepsy has been encouraging, there is still a gap in demonstrating a proof-of-concept in a clinically relevant animal model and study design. In the present study, a conceptually novel framework reflecting a plausible clinical trial for gene therapy of temporal lobe epilepsy was explored: We investigated (i) whether the post intrahippocampal kainate-induced status epilepticus (SE) model of chronic epilepsy in rats could be clinically relevant; and (ii) whether a translationally designed neuropeptide Y (NPY)/Y2 receptor-based gene therapy approach targeting only the seizure-generating focus unilaterally can decrease seizure frequency in this chronic model of epilepsy. Our data suggest that the intrahippocampal kainate model resembles the disease development of human chronic mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE): (i) spontaneous seizures originate in the sclerotic hippocampus; (ii) only a part of the animals develops chronic epilepsy; (iii) animals show largely variable seizure frequency that (iv) tends to progressively increase over time. Despite significant hippocampal degeneration caused by the kainate injection, the use of MRI allowed targeting the recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors encoding NPY and Y2 receptor genes to the remaining dorsal and ventral hippocampal areas ipsilateral to the kainate injection. Continuous video-EEG monitoring demonstrated not only prevention of the progressive increase in seizure frequency in rAAV-NPY/Y2 treated animals as compared to the controls, but even 45% decrease of seizure frequency in 80% of the epileptic animals. This translationally designed study in a clinically relevant model of epilepsy suggests that simultaneous overexpression of NPY and Y2 receptors unilaterally in the seizure focus is a relevant and promising approach that can be further validated in more extensive preclinical studies to develop a future treatment strategy for severe, often pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy cases that cannot be offered alternative therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litsa Nikitidou Ledri
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Esbjörn Melin
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Søren H Christiansen
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper R Gøtzsche
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Cifra
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - David P D Woldbye
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mérab Kokaia
- Experimental Epilepsy Group, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University Hospital, Sölvegatan 17, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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24
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Elbrønd-Bek H, Gøtzsche CR, Skinbjerg M, Christensen DZ, Plenge P, Woldbye DPD. Visualization of Functional Neuropeptide Y Receptors in the Mouse Hippocampus and Neocortex Using [35S]GTPγS Binding. Int J Pept Res Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-015-9455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Christiansen SH, Olesen MV, Gøtzsche CR, Woldbye DPD. Anxiolytic-like effects after vector-mediated overexpression of neuropeptide Y in the amygdala and hippocampus of mice. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:335-44. [PMID: 25267070 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) causes anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects after central administration in rodents. These effects could theoretically be utilized in future gene therapy for anxiety and depression using viral vectors for induction of overexpression of NPY in specific brain regions. Using a recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector, we addressed this idea by testing effects on anxiolytic- and depression-like behaviours in adult mice after overexpression of NPY transgene in the amygdala and/or hippocampus, two brain regions implicated in emotional behaviours. In the amygdala, injections of rAAV-NPY caused significant anxiolytic-like effect in the open field, elevated plus maze, and light-dark transition tests. In the hippocampus, rAAV-NPY treatment was associated with anxiolytic-like effect only in the elevated plus maze. No additive effect was observed after combined rAAV-NPY injection into both the amygdala and hippocampus where anxiolytic-like effect was found in the elevated plus maze and light-dark transition tests. Antidepressant-like effects were not detected in any of the rAAV-NPY injected groups. Immobility was even increased in the tail suspension and forced swim tests after intra-amygdaloid rAAV-NPY. Taken together, the present data show that rAAV-NPY treatment may confer non-additive anxiolytic-like effect after injection into the amygdala or hippocampus, being most pronounced in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Christiansen
- Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M V Olesen
- Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C R Gøtzsche
- Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D P D Woldbye
- Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Li Q, Dong C, Li W, Bu W, Wu J, Zhao W. Neuropeptide Y protects cerebral cortical neurons by regulating microglial immune function. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:959-67. [PMID: 25206918 PMCID: PMC4146213 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.133140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y has been shown to inhibit the immunological activity of reactive microglia in the rat cerebral cortex, to reduce N-methyl-D-aspartate current (INMDA) in cortical neurons, and protect neurons. In this study, after primary cultured microglia from the cerebral cortex of rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the cell culture medium increased, and mRNA expression of these cytokines also increased. After primary cultured cortical neurons were incubated with the lipopolysaccharide-treated microglial conditioned medium, peak INMDA in neurons increased. These effects of lipopolysaccharide were suppressed by neuropeptide Y. After addition of the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP3226, the effects of neuropeptide Y completely disappeared. These results suggest that neuropeptide Y prevents excessive production of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α by inhibiting microglial reactivity. This reduces INMDA in rat cortical neurons, preventing excitotoxicity, thereby protecting neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Changzheng Dong
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wenling Li
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei Bu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China ; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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27
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Elbrønd-Bek H, Olling JD, Gøtzsche CR, Waterfield A, Wörtwein G, Woldbye DPD. Neuropeptide Y-stimulated [(35) S]GTPγs functional binding is reduced in the hippocampus after kainate-induced seizures in mice. Synapse 2014; 68:427-36. [PMID: 24985894 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Kainate-induced seizures constitute a model of temporal lobe epilepsy where prominent changes are observed in the hippocampal neuropeptide Y (NPY) system. However, little is known about the functional state and signal transduction of the NPY receptor population resulting from kainate exposure. Thus, in this study, we explored functional NPY receptor activity in the mouse hippocampus and neocortex after kainate-induced seizures using NPY-stimulated [(35) S]GTPγS binding. Moreover, we also studied levels of [(125) I]-peptide YY (PYY) binding and NPY, Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptor mRNA in these kainate-treated mice. Functional NPY binding was unchanged up to 12 h post-kainate, but decreased significantly in all hippocampal regions after 24 h and 1 week. Similarly, a decrease in [(125) I]-PYY binding was found in the dentate gyrus (DG) 1 week post-kainate. However, at 2 h, 6 h, and 12 h, [(125) I]-PYY binding was increased in all regions, and in the CA1 also at 24 h post-kainate. NPY mRNA levels were prominently increased in hippocampal regions, reaching maximum at 12 and 24 h. Y1 and Y5 mRNA levels were lowered in the DG at 24 and 2 h, respectively, while Y2 mRNA levels were elevated at 24 h in the DG and CA3. This study confirms rat kainate studies by showing pronounced adaptive changes in the mouse hippocampus both with regard to NPY synthesis and NPY receptor synthesis and binding, which may contribute to regulating neuronal seizure susceptibility after kainate. However, the potential seizure-suppressant effects of increased NPY gene expression at late time points post-kainate could be attenuated by the novel finding of reduced NPY-receptor G-protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Elbrønd-Bek
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Xu X, Guo F, He Q, Cai X, Min D, Wang Q, Wang S, Tian L, Cai J, Zhao Y. Altered expression of neuropeptide Y, Y1 and Y2 receptors, but not Y5 receptor, within hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex of tremor rats. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:97-105. [PMID: 24444822 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As an endogenous inhibitor of glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission in mammalian central nervous system, neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a crucial role in regulating homeostasis of neuron excitability. Loss of balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission is thought to be a chief mechanism of epileptogenesis. The abnormal expression of NPY and its receptors observed following seizures have been demonstrated to be related to the production of epilepsy. The tremor rat (TRM) is a hereditary epileptic animal model. So far, there is no report concerning whether NPY and its receptors may be involved in TRM pathogenesis. In this study, we focused on the expression of NPY and its three receptor subtypes: Y1R, Y2R and Y5R in the TRM brain. We first found the expression of NPY in TRM hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex was increased compared with control (Wistar) rats. The mRNA and protein expression of Y1R was down-regulated in hippocampus but up-regulated in temporal lobe cortex, whereas Y2R expression was significantly increased in both areas. There was no significant change of Y5R expression in either area. The immunohistochemistry data showed that Y1R, Y2R, Y5R were present throughout CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG) and the entorhinal cortex which is included in the temporal lobe cortex of TRM. In conclusion, our results showed the altered expression of NPY, Y1R and Y2R but not Y5R in hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex of TRM brain. This abnormal expression may be associated with the generation of epileptiform activity and provide a candidate target for treatment of genetic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xu
- Biochip Center, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qun He
- Biochip Center, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xinze Cai
- Central Lab, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Dongyu Min
- Experiment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shaocheng Wang
- Biochip Center, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Liu Tian
- Biochip Center, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jiqun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Biochip Center, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Mériaux C, Franck J, Park DB, Quanico J, Kim YH, Chung CK, Park YM, Steinbusch H, Salzet M, Fournier I. Human temporal lobe epilepsy analyses by tissue proteomics. Hippocampus 2014; 24:628-42. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mériaux
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée-EA 4550, Bât SN3, 1 étage; Université de Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Julien Franck
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée-EA 4550, Bât SN3, 1 étage; Université de Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Dan Bi Park
- Division of Mass Spectrometry Research; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang Chungbuk Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée-EA 4550, Bât SN3, 1 étage; Université de Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Young Hye Kim
- Division of Mass Spectrometry Research; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery; College of Medicine, Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mok Park
- Division of Mass Spectrometry Research; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang Chungbuk Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Harry Steinbusch
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience; Faculty of Health; Medicine & Life Sciences; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Michel Salzet
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée-EA 4550, Bât SN3, 1 étage; Université de Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée-EA 4550, Bât SN3, 1 étage; Université de Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
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Abstract
Neuropeptides play an important role in modulating seizures and epilepsy. Unlike neurotransmitters which operate on a millisecond time-scale, neuropeptides have longer half lives; this leads to modulation of neuronal and network activity over prolonged periods, so contributing to setting the seizure threshold. Most neuropeptides are stored in large dense vesicles and co-localize with inhibitory interneurons. They are released upon high frequency stimulation making them attractive targets for modulation of seizures, during which high frequency discharges occur. Numerous neuropeptides have been implicated in epilepsy; one, ACTH, is already used in clinical practice to suppress seizures. Here, we concentrate on neuropeptides that have a direct effect on seizures, and for which therapeutic interventions are being developed. We have thus reviewed the abundant reports that support a role for neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin, ghrelin, somatostatin and dynorphin in suppressing seizures and epileptogenesis, and for tachykinins having pro-epileptic effects. Most in vitro and in vivo studies are performed in hippocampal tissue in which receptor expression is usually high, making translation to other brain areas less clear. We highlight recent therapeutic strategies to treat epilepsy with neuropeptides, which are based on viral vector technology, and outline how such interventions need to be refined in order to address human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stjepana Kovac
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.
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Gonçalves J, Baptista S, Olesen MV, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Malva JO, Woldbye DP, Silva AP. Methamphetamine-induced changes in the mice hippocampal neuropeptide Y system: implications for memory impairment. J Neurochem 2012; 123:1041-53. [PMID: 23061411 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug that causes irreversible brain damage leading to several neurological and psychiatric abnormalities, including cognitive deficits. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is abundant in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and has several important functions, being involved in learning and memory processing. It has been demonstrated that METH induces significant alteration in mice striatal NPY, Y(1) and Y(2) receptor mRNA levels. However, the impact of this drug on the hippocampal NPY system and its consequences remain unknown. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of METH intoxication on mouse hippocampal NPY levels, NPY receptors function, and memory performance. Results show that METH increased NPY, Y(2) and Y(5) receptor mRNA levels, as well as total NPY binding accounted by opposite up- and down-regulation of Y(2) and Y(1) functional binding, respectively. Moreover, METH-induced impairment in memory performance and AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway were both prevented by the Y(2) receptor antagonist, BIIE0246. These findings demonstrate that METH interferes with the hippocampal NPY system, which seems to be associated with memory failure. Overall, we concluded that Y(2) receptors are involved in memory deficits induced by METH intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Sørensen G, Jensen M, Weikop P, Dencker D, Christiansen SH, Loland CJ, Bengtsen CH, Petersen JH, Fink-Jensen A, Wörtwein G, Woldbye DPD. Neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor antagonism attenuates cocaine-induced effects in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 222:565-77. [PMID: 22367168 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Several studies suggest a role for neuropeptide Y (NPY) in addiction to drugs of abuse, including cocaine. However, the NPY receptors mediating addiction-related effects remain to be determined. OBJECTIVES To explore the potential role of Y5 NPY receptors in cocaine-induced behavioural effects. METHODS The Y5 antagonist L-152,804 and Y5-knockout (Y5-KO) mice were tested in two models of cocaine addiction-related behaviour: acute self-administration and cocaine-induced hyperactivity. We also studied effects of Y5 receptor antagonism on cocaine-induced c-fos expression and extracellular dopamine with microdialysis as well as dopamine transporter-mediated uptake of dopamine in vitro. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine whether dopamine neurons express Y5-like immunoreactivity. RESULTS In self-administration, L-152,804 prominently decreased nose-poking for the peak dose of cocaine and shifted the dose-response curve for cocaine downward. Y5-KO mice also showed modestly attenuated self-administration. Cocaine-induced hyperactivity was attenuated by L-152,804 and in Y5-KO mice. Cocaine failed to increase c-fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of L-152,804-treated mice, indicating that the Y5 antagonist could act by influencing neural activity in these regions. Accordingly, the cocaine-induced increase in accumbal extracellular dopamine was attenuated by L-152,804 and in Y5-KO mice, suggesting that Y5 antagonism influences cocaine-induced behaviour by regulating dopamine. Consistent with this concept, dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area appeared to contain Y5 receptors. In contrast, neither L-152,804 nor NPY influenced dopamine transporter-mediated dopamine uptake. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that Y5 antagonism may attenuate cocaine-induced behavioural effects, suggesting that Y5 receptors could be a potential therapeutic target in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Sørensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen & Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gonçalves J, Ribeiro CF, Malva JO, Silva AP. Protective role of neuropeptide Y Y2receptors in cell death and microglial response following methamphetamine injury. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36:3173-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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VEGF receptor-2 (Flk-1) overexpression in mice counteracts focal epileptic seizures. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40535. [PMID: 22808185 PMCID: PMC3395684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was first described as an angiogenic agent, but has recently also been shown to exert various neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in the nervous system. These effects of VEGF are mainly mediated by its receptor, VEGFR-2, which is also referred to as the fetal liver kinase receptor 1 (Flk-1). VEGF is up-regulated in neurons and glial cells after epileptic seizures and counteracts seizure-induced neurodegeneration. In vitro, VEGF administration suppresses ictal and interictal epileptiform activity caused by AP4 and 0 Mg2+ via Flk-1 receptor. We therefore explored whether increased VEGF signaling through Flk-1 overexpression may regulate epileptogenesis and ictogenesis in vivo. To this extent, we used transgenic mice overexpressing Flk-1 postnatally in neurons. Intriguingly, Flk-1 overexpressing mice were characterized by an elevated threshold for seizure induction and a decreased duration of focal afterdischarges, indicating anti-ictal action. On the other hand, the kindling progression in these mice was similar to wild-type controls. No significant effects on blood vessels or glia cells, as assessed by Glut1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry, were detected. These results suggest that increased VEGF signaling via overexpression of Flk-1 receptors may directly affect seizure activity even without altering angiogenesis. Thus, Flk-1 could be considered as a novel target for developing future gene therapy strategies against ictal epileptic activity.
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Olesen MV, Christiansen SH, Gøtzsche CR, Holst B, Kokaia M, Woldbye DPD. Y5 neuropeptide Y receptor overexpression in mice neither affects anxiety- and depression-like behaviours nor seizures but confers moderate hyperactivity. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:71-9. [PMID: 22342800 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated in anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like behaviour as well as seizure-suppressant effects in rodents. Although these effects appear to be predominantly mediated via other NPY receptors (Y1 and/or Y2), several studies have also indicated a role for Y5 receptors. Gene therapy using recombinant viral vectors to induce overexpression of NPY, Y1 or Y2 receptors in the hippocampus or amygdala has previously been shown to modulate emotional behaviour and seizures in rodents. The present study explored the potential effects of gene therapy with the Y5 receptor, by testing effects of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) encoding Y5 (rAAV-Y5) in anxiety- and depression-like behaviour as well as in kainate-induced seizures in adult mice. The rAAV-Y5 vector injected into the hippocampus and amygdala induced a pronounced and sustained increase in Y5 receptor mRNA expression and functional Y5 receptor binding, but no significant effects were found with regard to anxiety- and depression-like behaviours or seizure susceptibility. Instead, rAAV-mediated Y5 receptor transgene overexpression resulted in moderate hyperactivity in the open field test. These results do not support a potential role for single transgene overexpression of Y5 receptors for modulating anxiety-/depression-like behaviours or seizures in adult mice. Whether the induction of hyperactivity by rAAV-Y5 could be relevant for other conditions remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Olesen
- Protein Laboratory & Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sloviter RS, Bumanglag AV. Defining "epileptogenesis" and identifying "antiepileptogenic targets" in animal models of acquired temporal lobe epilepsy is not as simple as it might seem. Neuropharmacology 2012; 69:3-15. [PMID: 22342985 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The "latent period" between brain injury and clinical epilepsy is widely regarded to be a seizure-free, pre-epileptic state during which a time-consuming cascade of molecular events and structural changes gradually mediates the process of "epileptogenesis." The concept of the "latent period" as the duration of "epileptogenesis" implies that epilepsy is not an immediate result of brain injury, and that anti-epileptogenic strategies need to target delayed secondary mechanisms that develop sometime after an initial injury. However, depth recordings made directly from the dentate granule cell layers in awake rats after convulsive status epilepticus-induced injury have now shown that whenever perforant pathway stimulation-induced status epilepticus produces extensive hilar neuron loss and entorhinal cortical injury, hyperexcitable granule cells immediately generate spontaneous epileptiform discharges and focal or generalized behavioral seizures. This indicates that hippocampal injury caused by convulsive status epilepticus is immediately epileptogenic and that hippocampal epileptogenesis requires no delayed secondary mechanism. When latent periods do exist after injury, we hypothesize that less extensive cell loss causes an extended period during which initially subclinical focal seizures gradually increase in duration to produce the first clinical seizure. Thus, the "latent period" is suggested to be a state of "epileptic maturation," rather than a prolonged period of "epileptogenesis," and therefore the antiepileptogenic therapeutic window may only remain open during the first week after injury, when some delayed cell death may still be preventable. Following the perhaps unavoidable development of the first focal seizures ("epileptogenesis"), the most fruitful therapeutic strategy may be to interrupt the process of "epileptic maturation," thereby keeping focal seizures focal. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'New Targets and Approaches to the Treatment of Epilepsy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Sloviter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724-5050, USA.
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Weinberg MS, McCown TJ. Current prospects and challenges for epilepsy gene therapy. Exp Neurol 2011; 244:27-35. [PMID: 22008258 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the state of gene therapy research for the treatment of epilepsy. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the anti-seizure efficacy of viral vector-based gene transfer through the use of a variety of strategies - from modulating classic neurotransmitter systems to targeting or overexpressing of neuropeptide receptors in seizure-specific brain regions. While these studies provide substantive proof of principle for viral vector gene therapy, future studies must address the challenges of vector immunity, cellular specificity and effective global delivery. As these issues are resolved, viral vector gene therapy should significantly impact the treatment of intractable epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Weinberg
- University of North Carolina Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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