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Du Y, Guo T, Hao Y, Li C, Tang L, Li X, Zhang X, Li L, Yao D, Xu X, Si H, Zhang J, Zhao N, Yu T, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Xu H. PKCδ serves as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38938161 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the role of a novel type of protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) in the neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We analyzed PKCδ and inflammatory cytokines levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD and normal controls, as well as their correlations. The cellular expression pattern of PKCδ and the effects of PKCδ modulation on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS PKCδ levels were increased dramatically in the CSF of AD patients and positively correlated with cytokines. PKCδ is expressed mainly in microglia in the brain. Amyloid beta (Aβ) stimulation increased PKCδ expression and secretion, which led to upregulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Downregulation or inhibition of PKCδ attenuated Aβ-induced microglial responses and improved cognitive function in an AD mouse model. DISCUSSION Our study identifies PKCδ as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD. HIGHLIGHTS Protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) levels increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and positively correlate with elevated inflammatory cytokines in human subjects. PKCδ is expressed mainly in microglia in vivo, whereas amyloid beta (Aβ) stimulation increases PKCδ expression and secretion, causing upregulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and production of inflammatory cytokines. Downregulation or inhibition of PKCδ attenuates Aβ-enhanced NF-κB signaling and cytokine production in microglia and improves cognitive function in AD mice. PKCδ serves as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yunfeng Hao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linghui Tang
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huaxing Si
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinghan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nana Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Shen T, Cui G, Chen H, Huang L, Song W, Zu J, Zhang W, Xu C, Dong L, Zhang Y. TREM-1 mediates interaction between substantia nigra microglia and peripheral neutrophils. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1375-1384. [PMID: 37905888 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202406000-00043/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T152229Z/r/image-tiff
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is considered a pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1) can amplify the inherent immune response, and crucially, regulate inflammation. In this study, we found marked elevation of serum soluble TREM-1 in patients with Parkinson’s disease that positively correlated with Parkinson’s disease severity and dyskinesia. In a mouse model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease, we found that microglial TREM-1 expression also increased in the substantia nigra. Further, TREM-1 knockout alleviated dyskinesia in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease and reduced dopaminergic neuronal injury. Meanwhile, TREM-1 knockout attenuated the neuroinflammatory response, dopaminergic neuronal injury, and neutrophil migration. Next, we established an in vitro 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine-induced BV2 microglia model of Parkinson’s disease and treated the cells with the TREM-1 inhibitory peptide LP17. We found that LP17 treatment reduced apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons and neutrophil migration. Moreover, inhibition of neutrophil TREM-1 activation diminished dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide. TREM-1 can activate the downstream CARD9/NF-κB proinflammatory pathway via interaction with SYK. These findings suggest that TREM-1 may play a key role in mediating the damage to dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease by regulating the interaction between microglia and peripheral neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Long Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanying Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liguo Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ngwa HA, Bargues-Carot A, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Manganese and Vanadium Co-Exposure Induces Severe Neurotoxicity in the Olfactory System: Relevance to Metal-Induced Parkinsonism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5285. [PMID: 38791326 PMCID: PMC11121436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic environmental exposure to toxic heavy metals, which often occurs as a mixture through occupational and industrial sources, has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Parkinsonism. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) typically presents along with manganese (Mn), especially in welding rods and high-capacity batteries, including electric vehicle batteries; however, the neurotoxic effects of vanadium (V) and Mn co-exposure are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the neurotoxic impact of MnCl2, V2O5, and MnCl2-V2O5 co-exposure in an animal model. C57BL/6 mice were intranasally administered either de-ionized water (vehicle), MnCl2 (252 µg) alone, V2O5 (182 µg) alone, or a mixture of MnCl2 (252 µg) and V2O5 (182 µg) three times a week for up to one month. Following exposure, we performed behavioral, neurochemical, and histological studies. Our results revealed dramatic decreases in olfactory bulb (OB) weight and levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the treatment groups compared to the control group, with the Mn/V co-treatment group producing the most significant changes. Interestingly, increased levels of α-synuclein expression were observed in the substantia nigra (SN) of treated animals. Additionally, treatment groups exhibited locomotor deficits and olfactory dysfunction, with the co-treatment group producing the most severe deficits. The treatment groups exhibited increased levels of the oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal in the striatum and SN, as well as the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein PKCδ and accumulation of glomerular astroglia in the OB. The co-exposure of animals to Mn/V resulted in higher levels of these metals compared to other treatment groups. Taken together, our results suggest that co-exposure to Mn/V can adversely affect the olfactory and nigral systems. These results highlight the possible role of environmental metal mixtures in the etiology of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Afeseh Ngwa
- Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicity, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Huajun Jin
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicity, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
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Zhang Z, Sun L, Guo Y, Zhao J, Li J, Pan X, Li Z. Bavachin ameliorates neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice through the inhibition of PKCδ. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:52-64. [PMID: 38215890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Depression and diabetes are closely linked; however, the pathogenesis of depression associated with diabetes is unclear, and there are no clinically effective antidepressant drugs for diabetic patients with depression. Bavachin is an important active ingredient in Fructus Psoraleae. In this study, we evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant effects associated with diabetes and the molecular mechanisms of bavachin in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes mouse model. We found that bavachin clearly decreased streptozotocin (STZ)-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. It was further found that bavachin significantly inhibited microglia activation and the phosphorylation level of PKCδ and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of PKCδ with siRNA-PKCδ partially reversed the inhibitory effect of bavachin on the NF-κB pathway and the level of pro-inflammatory factors. We further found that PKCδ directly bound to bavachin based on molecular docking and pull-down assays. We also found that bavachin improved neuroinflammation-induced neuronal survival and functional impairment and that this effect may be related to activation of the ERK and Akt pathways mediated by the BDNF pathway. Taken together, these data suggested that bavachin, by targeting inhibition PKCδ to inhibit the NF-κB pathway, further reduced the inflammatory response and oxidative stress and subsequently improved diabetic neuronal survival and function and finally ameliorated diabetes-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. For the first time, we found that bavachin is a potential agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated neuroinflammation and depression and that PKCδ is a potential target for the treatment of diabetes-associated neuroinflammation, including depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Liyan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Besin V, Humardani FM, Yulianti T, Justyn M. Genomic profile of Parkinson's disease in Asians. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117682. [PMID: 38016627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) has witnessed an alarming rise in prevalence, highlighting the suboptimal nature of early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. To address this issue, genetic testing has emerged as a potential avenue. In this comprehensive review, we have meticulously summarized the variants associated with PD in Asian populations. Our review reveals that these variants exert their influence on diverse biological pathways, encompassing the autophagy-lysosome pathway, cholesterol metabolism, circadian rhythm regulation, immune system response, and synaptic function. Conventionally, PD has been linked to other diseases; however, our findings shed light on a shared genetic susceptibility among these conditions, implying an underlying pathophysiological mechanism that unifies them. Moreover, it is noteworthy that these PD-associated variants can significantly impact drug responses during therapeutic interventions. This review not only provides a consolidated overview of the genetic variants associated with PD in Asian populations but also contributes novel insights into the intricate relationships between PD and other diseases by elucidating shared genetic components. These findings underscore the importance of personalized approaches in diagnosing and treating PD based on individual genetic profiles to optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentinus Besin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia
| | - Farizky Martriano Humardani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia; Magister in Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65112, Indonesia.
| | - Trilis Yulianti
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Matthew Justyn
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjajaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Seyedhosseini Tamijani SM, Beirami E, Ghazvini H, Rafaiee R, Nazeri M, Razavinasab M. A Review on the Disruption of Novel Object Recognition Induced by Methamphetamine. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:289-297. [PMID: 38322487 PMCID: PMC10843358 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Methamphetamine (MA), is a widely abused synthetic psychostimulant that leads to irreversible brain damage manifested as cognitive impairments in humans and animals. The novel object recognition (NOR) task is a commonly used behavioral assay for the investigation of non-spatial memory in rodents. This test is based on the natural tendency of rodents to spend more time exploring a novel object than a familiar one. NOR test has been used in many studies investigating cognitive deficits caused by MA in rodents. The objective of the present study was to review neurobiological mechanisms that might be responsible for MA-induced NOR alterations. Methods A PubMed search showed 83 publications using novel object recognition and methamphetamine as keywords in the past 10 years. Findings The present study revealed different MA regimens cause recognition memory impairment in rodents. In addition, it was found that the main neurobiological mechanism involved in MA-induced recognition deficits is the dysfunction of monoaminergic systems. Conclusion NOR is a useful test to assess the cognitive functions following MA administration and evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic agents in MA-addicted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elmira Beirami
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghazvini
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Raheleh Rafaiee
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Nazeri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moazamehosadat Razavinasab
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Pinjala P, Tryphena KP, Prasad R, Khatri DK, Sun W, Singh SB, Gugulothu D, Srivastava S, Vora L. CRISPR/Cas9 assisted stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. Biomater Res 2023; 27:46. [PMID: 37194005 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, CRISPR Cas9 has been tried as a direct treatment approach to correct the causative gene mutation and establish animal models in neurodegenerative disorders. Since no strategy developed until now could completely cure Parkinson's disease (PD), neuroscientists aspire to use gene editing technology, especially CRISPR/Cas9, to induce a permanent correction in genetic PD patients expressing mutated genes. Over the years, our understanding of stem cell biology has improved. Scientists have developed personalized cell therapy using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit embryonic and patient-derived stem cells ex-vivo. This review details the importance of CRISPR/Cas9-based stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease in developing PD disease models and developing therapeutic strategies after elucidating the possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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He JY, Li DD, Wen Q, Qin TY, Long H, Zhang SB, Zhang F. Synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide and rotenone on dopamine neuronal damage in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36942519 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unknown. Until now, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the specific synergistic role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the occurrence and development of PD remains unclear. METHODS The changes in motor behavior, dopamine (DA) neurons quantification and their mitochondrial respiratory chain, glial cells activation and secreted cytokines, Nrf2 signaling pathway, and redox balance in the brain of rats were evaluated. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and rotenone (ROT)-induced oxidative stress synergistically aggravated motor dysfunction, DA neuron damage, activation of glial cells, and release of related mediators, activation of Nrf2 signaling and destruction of oxidative balance. In addition, further studies indicated that after ROT-induced oxidative stress caused direct damage to DA neurons, LPS-induced inflammatory effects had stronger promoting neurotoxic effects on the above aspects. CONCLUSIONS Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress synergistically aggravated DA neuronal loss. Furtherly, oxidative stress followed by neuroinflammation caused more DA neuronal loss than neuroinflammation followed by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Dai-Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ting-Yang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Long
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shi-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Zhou X, Zhao R, Lv M, Xu X, Liu W, Li X, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Li Y, Xu R, Wan Q, Cui Y. ACSL4 promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by regulating lipid metabolism and VGLL4 expression. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:331-343. [PMID: 36791893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) is an important isozyme in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism. The role of ACSL4 in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of microglia, and the effects of ACSL4-mediated inflammation on the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown. In this study, we found that ACSL4 expression was increased after LPS stimulation. Knocking down ACSL4 in microglia decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. Mechanistically, ACSL4 reduced vestigial-like family member 4(VGLL4) expression to promote NF-κB signal transduction; and ACSL4 regulated lipid composition after LPS stimulation. In addition, knocking down ACSL4 alleviated neuroinflammation in a systemic LPS model and acute l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model. These data revealed ACSL4 to be a novel regulator that promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by regulating VGLL4 expression and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengfei Lv
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yunyi Gao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaolong Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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10
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Seeing Neurodegeneration in a New Light Using Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors and iPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021766. [PMID: 36675282 PMCID: PMC9861453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases present a progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, leading to cell death and irrecoverable brain atrophy. Most have disease-modifying therapies, in part because the mechanisms of neurodegeneration are yet to be defined, preventing the development of targeted therapies. To overcome this, there is a need for tools that enable a quantitative assessment of how cellular mechanisms and diverse environmental conditions contribute to disease. One such tool is genetically encodable fluorescent biosensors (GEFBs), engineered constructs encoding proteins with novel functions capable of sensing spatiotemporal changes in specific pathways, enzyme functions, or metabolite levels. GEFB technology therefore presents a plethora of unique sensing capabilities that, when coupled with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), present a powerful tool for exploring disease mechanisms and identifying novel therapeutics. In this review, we discuss different GEFBs relevant to neurodegenerative disease and how they can be used with iPSCs to illuminate unresolved questions about causes and risks for neurodegenerative disease.
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11
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Loots DT, Adeniji AA, Van Reenen M, Ozturk M, Brombacher F, Parihar SP. The metabolomics of a protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) knock-out mouse model. Metabolomics 2022; 18:92. [PMID: 36371785 PMCID: PMC9660189 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PKCδ is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells and its dysregulation plays a key role in the onset of several incurable diseases and metabolic disorders. However, much remains unknown about the metabolic pathways and disturbances induced by PKC deficiency, as well as the metabolic mechanisms involved. OBJECTIVES This study aims to use metabolomics to further characterize the function of PKC from a metabolomics standpoint, by comparing the full serum metabolic profiles of PKC deficient mice to those of wild-type mice. METHODS The serum metabolomes of PKCδ knock-out mice were compared to that of a wild-type strain using a GCxGC-TOFMS metabolomics research approach and various univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS Thirty-seven serum metabolite markers best describing the difference between PKCδ knock-out and wild-type mice were identified based on a PCA power value > 0.9, a t-test p-value < 0.05, or an effect size > 1. XERp prediction was also done to accurately select the metabolite markers within the 2 sample groups. Of the metabolite markers identified, 78.4% (29/37) were elevated and 48.65% of these markers were fatty acids (18/37). It is clear that a total loss of PKCδ functionality results in an inhibition of glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and steroid synthesis, accompanied by upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acids oxidation, cholesterol transport/storage, single carbon and sulphur-containing amino acid synthesis, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), ketogenesis, and an increased cell signalling via N-acetylglucosamine. CONCLUSION The charaterization of the dysregulated serum metabolites in this study, may represent an additional tool for the early detection and screening of PKCδ-deficiencies or abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | - Mari Van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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12
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Zhu R, Luo Y, Li S, Wang Z. The role of microglial autophagy in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1039780. [PMID: 36389074 PMCID: PMC9664157 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1039780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Studies have shown that abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the substantia nigra is a specific pathological characteristic of PD. Abnormal accumulation of α-Syn in PD induces the activation of microglia. Microglia, which are immune cells in the central nervous system, are involved in the function and regulation of inflammation in PD by autophagy. The role of microglial autophagy in the pathophysiology of PD has become a hot-pot issue. This review outlines the pathways of microglial autophagy, and explores the key factor of microglial autophagy in the mechanism of PD and the possibility of microglial autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Zhengbo Wang,
| | - Zhengbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Zhengbo Wang,
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13
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Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Effect of rottlerin on astrocyte phenotype polarization after trimethyltin insult in the dentate gyrus of mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:142. [PMID: 35690821 PMCID: PMC9188234 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that reactive astrocytes can be polarized into pro-inflammatory A1 phenotype or anti-inflammatory A2 phenotype under neurotoxic and neurodegenerative conditions. Microglia have been suggested to play a critical role in astrocyte phenotype polarization by releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. In this study, we examined whether trimethyltin (TMT) insult can induce astrocyte polarization in the dentate gyrus of mice, and whether protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) plays a role in TMT-induced astrocyte phenotype polarization. METHODS Male C57BL/6 N mice received TMT (2.6 mg/kg, i.p.), and temporal changes in the mRNA expression of A1 and A2 phenotype markers were evaluated in the hippocampus. In addition, temporal and spatial changes in the protein expression of C3, S100A10, Iba-1, and p-PKCδ were examined in the dentate gyrus. Rottlerin (5 mg/kg, i.p. × 5 at 12-h intervals) was administered 3-5 days after TMT treatment, and the expression of A1 and A2 transcripts, p-PKCδ, Iba-1, C3, S100A10, and C1q was evaluated 6 days after TMT treatment. RESULTS TMT treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of A1 and A2 phenotype markers, and the increased expression of A1 markers remained longer than that of A2 markers. The immunoreactivity of the representative A1 phenotype marker, C3 and A2 phenotype marker, S100A10 peaked 6 days after TMT insult in the dentate gyrus. While C3 was expressed evenly throughout the dentate gyrus, S100A10 was highly expressed in the hilus and inner molecular layer. In addition, TMT insult induced microglial p-PKCδ expression. Treatment with rottlerin, a PKCδ inhibitor, decreased Iba-1 and C3 expression, but did not affect S100A10 expression, suggesting that PKCδ inhibition attenuates microglial activation and A1 astrocyte phenotype polarization. Consistently, rottlerin significantly reduced the expression of C1q and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), which has been suggested to be released by activated microglia and induce A1 astrocyte polarization. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the temporal and spatial profiles of astrocyte polarization after TMT insult in the dentate gyrus of mice. Taken together, our results suggest that PKCδ plays a role in inducing A1 astrocyte polarization by promoting microglial activation and consequently increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators after TMT insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Multiple Criteria Optimization (MCO): A gene selection deterministic tool in RStudio. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262890. [PMID: 35085348 PMCID: PMC8794188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes with the largest expression changes (gene selection) to characterize a given condition is a popular first step to drive exploration into molecular mechanisms and is, therefore, paramount for therapeutic development. Reproducibility in the sciences makes it necessary to emphasize objectivity and systematic repeatability in biological and informatics analyses, including gene selection. With these two characteristics in mind, in previous works our research team has proposed using multiple criteria optimization (MCO) in gene selection to analyze microarray datasets. The result of this effort is the MCO algorithm, which selects genes with the largest expression changes without user manipulation of neither informatics nor statistical parameters. Furthermore, the user is not required to choose either a preference structure among multiple measures or a predetermined quantity of genes to be deemed significant a priori. This implies that using the same datasets and performance measures (PMs), the method will converge to the same set of selected differentially expressed genes (repeatability) despite who carries out the analysis (objectivity). The present work describes the development of an open-source tool in RStudio to enable both: (1) individual analysis of single datasets with two or three PMs and (2) meta-analysis with up to five microarray datasets, using one PM from each dataset. The capabilities afforded by the code include license-free portability and the possibility to carry out analyses via modest computer hardware, such as personal laptops. The code provides affordable, repeatable, and objective detection of differentially expressed genes from microarrays. It can be used to analyze other experiments with similar experimental comparative layouts, such as microRNA arrays and protein arrays, among others. As a demonstration of the capabilities of the code, the analysis of four publicly-available microarray datasets related to Parkinson´s Disease (PD) is presented here, treating each dataset individually or as a four-way meta-analysis. These MCO-supported analyses made it possible to identify MMP9 and TUBB2A as potential PD genetic biomarkers based on their persistent appearance across each of the case studies. A literature search confirmed the importance of these genes in PD and indeed as PD biomarkers, which evidences the code´s potential.
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15
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Feng L, Fu S, Yao Y, Li Y, Xu L, Zhao Y, Luo L. Roles for c-Abl in postoperative neurodegeneration. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1753-1761. [PMID: 36313229 PMCID: PMC9608039 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.73740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl is inactive under normal conditions. Upon activation, c-Abl regulates signaling pathways related to cytoskeletal reorganization. It plays a vital role in modulating cell protrusion, cell migration, morphogenesis, adhesion, endocytosis and phagocytosis. A large number of studies have also found that abnormally activated c-Abl plays an important role in a variety of pathologies, including various inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. c-Abl also plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases, mainly through mechanisms such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and Tau protein phosphorylation. Inhibiting expression or activity of this kinase has certain neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and can also improve cognition and behavior. Blockers of this kinase may have good preventive and treatment effects on neurodegenerative diseases. Cognitive dysfunction after anesthesia is also closely related to the abovementioned mechanisms. We infer that alterations in the expression and activity of c-Abl may underlie postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). This article summarizes the current understanding and research progress on the mechanisms by which c-Abl may be related to postoperative neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Shihui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China.,Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Longhe Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Leiming Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Targeting PKC in microglia to promote remyelination and repair in the CNS. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 62:103-108. [PMID: 34965482 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Microglia and CNS-infiltrating macrophages play significant roles in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Prolonged and dysregulated inflammatory responses by these innate immune cells can have deleterious effects on the surrounding CNS microenvironment, which can worsen neurodegeneration and demyelination. However, although chronic activation of pro-inflammatory microglia is maladaptive, other functional microglial subtypes play beneficial roles during CNS repair and regeneration. Therefore, there is a tremendous interest in understanding the underlying mechanism of the activation of these reparative/regenerative microglia. In this review, we focus on the potential role of PKC, a downstream signaling molecule of TREM2 and PLCγ2, and PKC modulators in promoting the activation of reparative/regenerative microglial subtypes as a novel therapy for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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17
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Neuroprotective effect of paeoniflorin in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease through α-synuclein/protein kinase C δ subtype signaling pathway. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1379-1387. [PMID: 34718250 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paeoniflorin, an active component of Radix Paeoniae Alba, has a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson's animal models. However, its mechanism of action remains to be determined. METHODS In this study, we hypothesized that the neuroprotective effect of paeoniflorin occurs through the α-synuclein/protein kinase C δ subtype (PKC-δ) signaling pathway. We tested our hypothesis in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. We evaluated the effects of paeoniflorin on the expression levels of signal components of the α-synuclein/PKC-δ pathway, cellular apoptosis and motor performance. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that paeoniflorin restored the motor performance impairment caused by MPTP, inhibited apoptosis, and protected the ultrastructure of neurons. Paeoniflorin treatment also resulted in the dose-dependent upregulation of an antiapoptotic protein, B-cell lymphoma-2, at the mRNA and protein levels, similar to the effects of the positive control, selegiline. In contrast, paeoniflorin treatment downregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2-Associated X2, α-synuclein, and PKC-δ at the mRNA and protein levels, as well as the level of the activated form of nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB p65). CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results showed that paeoniflorin exerts its neuroprotective effect by regulating the α-synuclein/PKC-δ signaling pathway to reduce neuronal apoptosis.
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18
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Bozelli JC, Azher S, Epand RM. Plasmalogens and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730829. [PMID: 34744771 PMCID: PMC8566352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming widely acknowledged that lipids play key roles in cellular function, regulating a variety of biological processes. Lately, a subclass of glycerophospholipids, namely plasmalogens, has received increased attention due to their association with several degenerative and metabolic disorders as well as aging. All these pathophysiological conditions involve chronic inflammatory processes, which have been linked with decreased levels of plasmalogens. Currently, there is a lack of full understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the association of plasmalogens with inflammation. However, it has been shown that in inflammatory processes, plasmalogens could trigger either an anti- or pro-inflammation response. While the anti-inflammatory response seems to be linked to the entire plasmalogen molecule, its pro-inflammatory response seems to be associated with plasmalogen hydrolysis, i.e., the release of arachidonic acid, which, in turn, serves as a precursor to produce pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Moreover, as plasmalogens comprise a large fraction of the total lipids in humans, changes in their levels have been shown to change membrane properties and, therefore, signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory cascade. Restoring plasmalogen levels by use of plasmalogen replacement therapy has been shown to be a successful anti-inflammatory strategy as well as ameliorating several pathological hallmarks of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging role of plasmalogens in chronic inflammatory disorders as well as the promising role of plasmalogen replacement therapy in the treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sayed Azher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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19
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Guglietti B, Sivasankar S, Mustafa S, Corrigan F, Collins-Praino LE. Fyn Kinase Activity and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Disease Pathology: a Potential Universal Target? Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5986-6005. [PMID: 34432266 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fyn is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Src family of kinases (SFKs) which has been implicated in several integral functions throughout the central nervous system (CNS), including myelination and synaptic transmission. More recently, Fyn dysfunction has been associated with pathological processes observed in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Neurodegenerative diseases are amongst the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and, due to the ageing population, prevalence is predicted to rise in the coming years. Symptoms across neurodegenerative diseases are both debilitating and degenerative in nature and, concerningly, there are currently no disease-modifying therapies to prevent their progression. As such, it is important to identify potential new therapeutic targets. This review will outline the role of Fyn in normal/homeostatic processes, as well as degenerative/pathological mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as demyelination, pathological protein aggregation, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Guglietti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SG31, Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Srisankavi Sivasankar
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SG31, Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Sanam Mustafa
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SG31, Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SG31, Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SG31, Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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20
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Sharma S, Carlson S, Gregory-Flores A, Hinojo-Perez A, Olson A, Thippeswamy T. Mechanisms of disease-modifying effect of saracatinib (AZD0530), a Src/Fyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in the rat kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 156:105410. [PMID: 34087381 PMCID: PMC8325782 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated the role of the Fyn-PKCδ signaling pathway in status epilepticus (SE)-induced neuroinflammation and epileptogenesis in experimental models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In this study, we show a significant disease-modifying effect and the mechanisms of a Fyn/Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor, saracatinib (SAR, also known as AZD0530), in the rat kainate (KA) model of TLE. SAR treatment for a week, starting the first dose (25 mg/kg, oral) 4 h after the onset of SE, significantly reduced spontaneously recurring seizures and epileptiform spikes during the four months of continuous video-EEG monitoring. Immunohistochemistry of brain sections and Western blot analyses of hippocampal lysates at 8-day (8d) and 4-month post-SE revealed a significant reduction of SE-induced astrogliosis, microgliosis, neurodegeneration, phosphorylated Fyn/Src-419 and PKCδ-tyr311, in SAR-treated group when compared with the vehicle control. We also found the suppression of nitroxidative stress markers such as iNOS, 3-NT, 4-HNE, and gp91phox in the hippocampus, and nitrite and ROS levels in the serum of the SAR-treated group at 8d post-SE. The qRT-PCR (hippocampus) and ELISA (serum) revealed a significant reduction of key proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β mRNA in the hippocampus and their protein levels in serum, in addition to IL-6 and IL-12, in the SAR-treated group at 8d in contrast to the vehicle-treated group. These findings suggest that SAR targets some of the key biomarkers of epileptogenesis and modulates neuroinflammatory and nitroxidative pathways that mediate the development of epilepsy. Therefore, SAR can be developed as a potential disease-modifying agent to prevent the development and progression of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunik Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Steven Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Adriana Gregory-Flores
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Andy Hinojo-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Ashley Olson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
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21
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Mehmood A, Ali W, Din ZU, Song S, Sohail M, Shah W, Guo J, Guo RY, Ilahi I, Shah S, Al-Shaebi F, Zeb L, Asiamah EA, Al-Dhamin Z, Bilal H, Li B. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats as an advanced treatment for Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2280. [PMID: 34291612 PMCID: PMC8413717 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, genome-editing technology like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 has improved the translational gap in the treatments mediated through gene therapy. The advantages of the CRISPR system, such as, work in the living cells and tissues, candidate this technique for the employing in experiments and the therapy of central nervous system diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread, disabling, neurodegenerative disease induced by dopaminergic neuron loss and linked to progressive motor impairment. Pathophysiological basis knowledge of PD has modified the PD classification model and expresses in the sporadic and familial types. Analyses of the earliest genetic linkage have shown in PD the inclusion of synuclein alpha (SNCA) genomic duplication and SNCA mutations in the familial types of PD pathogenesis. This review analyzes the structure, development, and function in genome editing regulated through the CRISPR/Cas9. Also, it explains the genes associated with PD pathogenesis and the appropriate modifications to favor PD. This study follows the direction by understanding the PD linking analyses in which the CRISPR technique is applied. Finally, this study explains the limitations and future trends of CRISPR service in relation to the genome-editing process in PD patients' induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Wajid Ali
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zaheer Ud Din
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wahid Shah
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Jiangyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Ikram Ilahi
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Suleman Shah
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Fadhl Al-Shaebi
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Liaqat Zeb
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ernest Amponsah Asiamah
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Zaid Al-Dhamin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Hazrat Bilal
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
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22
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Schlichtmann BW, Kalyanaraman B, Schlichtmann RL, Panthani MG, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG, Mallapragada SK, Narasimhan B. Functionalized polyanhydride nanoparticles for improved treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:450-459. [PMID: 34312984 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting a large proportion of older adults. Exposure to pesticides like rotenone is a leading cause for PD. To reduce disease progression and prolong life expectancy, it is important to target disease mechanisms that contribute to dopaminergic neuronal atrophy, including mitochondrial dysfunction. Achieving targeted mitochondrial delivery is difficult for many therapeutics by themselves, necessitating higher therapeutic doses that could lead to toxicity. To minimize this adverse effect, targeted nano-carriers such as polyanhydride nanoparticles (NPs) can protect therapeutics from degradation and provide sustained release, enabling fewer administrations and lower therapeutic dose. This work expands upon the use of the polyanhydride NP platform for targeted drug delivery by functionalizing the polymer with a derivative of triphenylphosphonium called (3-carboxypropyl) triphenylphosphonium (CPTP) using a novel method that enables longer CPTP persistence on the NPs. The extent to which neurons internalized both nonfunctionalized and functionalized NPs was tested. Next, the efficacy of these nanoformulations in treating rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the same cell line was evaluated using a novel neuroprotective drug, mito-metformin. CPTP functionalization significantly improved NP internalization by neuronal cells. This was correlated with significant protection by CPTP-functionalized, mito-metformin encapsulated NPs against rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. However, nonfunctionalized, mito-metformin encapsulated NPs and soluble mito-metformin administered at the same dose did not significantly protect cells from rotenone-induced toxicity. These results indicate that the targeted NP platform can provide enhanced dose-sparing and potentially reduce the occurrence of systemic side-effects for PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rainie L Schlichtmann
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Matthew G Panthani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Surya K Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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23
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Samidurai M, Palanisamy BN, Bargues-Carot A, Hepker M, Kondru N, Manne S, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG, Kanthasamy A. PKC Delta Activation Promotes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS) and NLR Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome Activation Subsequent to Asynuclein-Induced Microglial Activation: Involvement of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP)/Thioredoxin (Trx) Redoxisome Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:661505. [PMID: 34276337 PMCID: PMC8283807 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.661505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A classical hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis is the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn) within Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, although its role in microglial dysfunction and resultant dopaminergic (DAergic) neurotoxicity is still elusive. Previously, we identified that protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) is activated in post mortem PD brains and experimental Parkinsonism and that it participates in reactive microgliosis; however, the relationship between PKCδ activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the reactive microglial activation state in the context of α-synucleinopathy is largely unknown. Herein, we show that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, and PKCδ activation increased concomitantly with ERS markers, including the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4), serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (p-IRE1α), p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) as well as increased generation of neurotoxic cytokines, including IL-1β in aggregated αSynagg-stimulated primary microglia. Importantly, in mouse primary microglia-treated with αSynagg we observed increased expression of Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of the thioredoxin (Trx) pathway, a major antioxidant protein system. Additionally, αSynagg promoted interaction between NLRP3 and TXNIP in these cells. In vitro knockdown of PKCδ using siRNA reduced ERS and led to reduced expression of TXNIP and the NLRP3 activation response in αSynagg-stimulated mouse microglial cells (MMCs). Additionally, attenuation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) via mito-apocynin and amelioration of ERS via the eIF2α inhibitor salubrinal (SAL) reduced the induction of the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling axis, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction and ERS may act in concert to promote the αSynagg-induced microglial activation response. Likewise, knockdown of TXNIP by siRNA attenuated the αSynagg-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation response. Finally, unilateral injection of αSyn preformed fibrils (αSynPFF) into the striatum of wild-type mice induced a significant increase in the expression of nigral p-PKCδ, ERS markers, and upregulation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling axis prior to delayed loss of TH+ neurons. Together, our results suggest that inhibition of ERS and its downstream signaling mediators TXNIP and NLRP3 might represent novel therapeutic avenues for ameliorating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Samidurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bharathi N Palanisamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Monica Hepker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Naveen Kondru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sireesha Manne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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24
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Lu Q, Liu R, Sherchan P, Ren R, He W, Fang Y, Huang Y, Shi H, Tang L, Yang S, Zhang JH, Tang J. TREM (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells)-1 Inhibition Attenuates Neuroinflammation via PKC (Protein Kinase C) δ/CARD9 (Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 9) Signaling Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. Stroke 2021; 52:2162-2173. [PMID: 33947214 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (Q.L., S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital (R.R., Y.F., Y.H., L.T.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China (R.L.).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Reng Ren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (W.H.)
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital (R.R., Y.F., Y.H., L.T.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital (R.R., Y.F., Y.H., L.T.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, China (H.S.)
| | - Lihui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital (R.R., Y.F., Y.H., L.T.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Shuxu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (Q.L., S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA.,Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA.,Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.L., R.L., P.S., R.R., W.H., Y.F., Y.H., H.S., L.T., J.H.Z., J.T.), Loma Linda University, CA
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25
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Zhan J, Fegg FN, Kaddatz H, Rühling S, Frenz J, Denecke B, Amor S, Ponsaerts P, Hochstrasser T, Kipp M. Focal white matter lesions induce long-lasting axonal degeneration, neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 155:105371. [PMID: 33932559 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with episodes of inflammatory demyelination and remyelination. While remyelination has been linked with functional recovery in MS patients, there is evidence of ongoing tissue damage despite complete myelin repair. In this study, we investigated the long-term consequences of an acute demyelinating white matter CNS lesion. For this purpose, acute demyelination was induced by 5-week-cuprizone intoxication in male C57BL/6 J mice, and the tissues were examined after a 7-month recovery period. While myelination and oligodendrocyte densities appeared normal, ongoing axonal degeneration and glia cell activation were found in the remyelinated corpus callosum. Neuropathologies were paralleled by subtle gait abnormalities evaluated using DigiGait™ high speed ventral plane videography. Gene array analyses revealed increased expression levels of various inflammation related genes, among protein kinase c delta (PRKCD). Immunofluorescence stains revealed predominant microglia/macrophages PRKCD expression in both, cuprizone tissues and post-mortem MS lesions. These results support the hypothesis that chronic microglia/macrophages driven tissue injury represents a key aspect of progressive neurodegeneration and functional decline in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Zhan
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Nepomuk Fegg
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannes Kaddatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rühling
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Frenz
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Aachen (IZKF Aachen), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC site, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Tanja Hochstrasser
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Gelsheimer Strasse 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
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26
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Saminathan H, Ghosh A, Zhang D, Song C, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Fyn Kinase-Mediated PKCδ Y311 Phosphorylation Induces Dopaminergic Degeneration in Cell Culture and Animal Models: Implications for the Identification of a New Pharmacological Target for Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:631375. [PMID: 33995031 PMCID: PMC8113680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.631375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis are some of the key etiological factors responsible for dopamin(DA)ergic degeneration during Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the downstream molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are largely unknown. Recently, a genome-wide association study revealed the FYN gene to be associated with PD, suggesting that Fyn kinase could be a pharmacological target for PD. In this study, we report that Fyn-mediated PKCδ tyrosine (Y311) phosphorylation is a key event preceding its proteolytic activation in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinsonism. MPP+/MPTP induced Fyn kinase activation in N27 DAergic neuronal cells and the mouse substantia nigra. PKCδ-Y311 phosphorylation by activated Fyn initiates the apoptotic caspase-signaling cascade during DAergic degeneration. Pharmacological attenuation of Fyn activity protected DAergic neurons from MPP+-induced degeneration in primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures. We further employed Fyn wild-type and Fyn knockout (KO) mice to confirm whether Fyn is a valid pharmacological target of DAergic neurodegeneration. Primary mesencephalic neurons from Fyn KO mice were greatly protected from MPP+-induced DAergic cell death, neurite loss and DA reuptake loss. Furthermore, Fyn KO mice were significantly protected from MPTP-induced PKCδ-Y311 phosphorylation, behavioral deficits and nigral DAergic degeneration. This study thus unveils a mechanism by which Fyn regulates PKCδ's pro-apoptotic function and DAergic degeneration. Pharmacological inhibitors directed at Fyn activation could prove to be a novel therapeutic target in the delay or halting of selective DAergic degeneration during PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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27
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Schlichtmann BW, Hepker M, Palanisamy BN, John M, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG, Narasimhan B, Mallapragada SK. Nanotechnology-mediated therapeutic strategies against synucleinopathies in neurodegenerative disease. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2021; 31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Katti S, Igumenova TI. Structural insights into C1-ligand interactions: Filling the gaps by in silico methods. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 79:100784. [PMID: 33526356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein Kinase C isoenzymes (PKCs) are the key mediators of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway, which involves regulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate to diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. Dysregulation of PKCs is implicated in many human diseases making this class of enzymes an important therapeutic target. Specifically, the DAG-sensing cysteine-rich conserved homology-1 (C1) domains of PKCs have emerged as promising targets for pharmaceutical modulation. Despite significant progress, the rational design of the C1 modulators remains challenging due to difficulties associated with structure determination of the C1-ligand complexes. Given the dearth of experimental structural data, computationally derived models have been instrumental in providing atomistic insight into the interactions of the C1 domains with PKC agonists. In this review, we provide an overview of the in silico approaches for seven classes of C1 modulators and outline promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Katti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Tatyana I Igumenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, United States.
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29
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Sarkar S, Nguyen HM, Malovic E, Luo J, Langley M, Palanisamy BN, Singh N, Manne S, Neal M, Gabrielle M, Abdalla A, Anantharam P, Rokad D, Panicker N, Singh V, Ay M, Charli A, Harischandra D, Jin LW, Jin H, Rangaraju S, Anantharam V, Wulff H, Kanthasamy AG. Kv1.3 modulates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4195-4212. [PMID: 32597830 DOI: 10.1172/jci136174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the key cellular targets contributing to sustained microglial activation in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), and optimal modulation of these targets can provide potential treatments to halt disease progression. Here, we demonstrated that microglial Kv1.3, a voltage-gated potassium channel, was transcriptionally upregulated in response to aggregated α-synuclein (αSynAgg) stimulation in primary microglial cultures and animal models of PD, as well as in postmortem human PD brains. Patch-clamp electrophysiological studies confirmed that the observed Kv1.3 upregulation translated to increased Kv1.3 channel activity. The kinase Fyn, a risk factor for PD, modulated transcriptional upregulation and posttranslational modification of microglial Kv1.3. Multiple state-of-the-art analyses, including Duolink proximity ligation assay imaging, revealed that Fyn directly bound to Kv1.3 and posttranslationally modified its channel activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated the functional relevance of Kv1.3 in augmenting the neuroinflammatory response by using Kv1.3-KO primary microglia and the Kv1.3-specific small-molecule inhibitor PAP-1, thus highlighting the importance of Kv1.3 in neuroinflammation. Administration of PAP-1 significantly inhibited neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in multiple animal models of PD. Collectively, our results imply that Fyn-dependent regulation of Kv1.3 channels plays an obligatory role in accentuating the neuroinflammatory response in PD and identify Kv1.3 as a potential therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvarish Sarkar
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Hai M Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Emir Malovic
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Monica Langley
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Bharathi N Palanisamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Neeraj Singh
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Sireesha Manne
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Matthew Neal
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Michelle Gabrielle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdalla
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Poojya Anantharam
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medicine Building, ISU, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dharmin Rokad
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Nikhil Panicker
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Muhammet Ay
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Adhithiya Charli
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dilshan Harischandra
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- M.I.N.D. Institute, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
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30
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Kotrasová V, Keresztesová B, Ondrovičová G, Bauer JA, Havalová H, Pevala V, Kutejová E, Kunová N. Mitochondrial Kinases and the Role of Mitochondrial Protein Phosphorylation in Health and Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020082. [PMID: 33498615 PMCID: PMC7912454 DOI: 10.3390/life11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major role of mitochondria is to provide cells with energy, but no less important are their roles in responding to various stress factors and the metabolic changes and pathological processes that might occur inside and outside the cells. The post-translational modification of proteins is a fast and efficient way for cells to adapt to ever changing conditions. Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification that signals these changes and propagates these signals throughout the whole cell, but it also changes the structure, function and interaction of individual proteins. In this review, we summarize the influence of kinases, the proteins responsible for phosphorylation, on mitochondrial biogenesis under various cellular conditions. We focus on their role in keeping mitochondria fully functional in healthy cells and also on the changes in mitochondrial structure and function that occur in pathological processes arising from the phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kotrasová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Barbora Keresztesová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ondrovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Henrieta Havalová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Eva Kutejová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nina Kunová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
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31
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Dogra N, Mani RJ, Katare DP. Protein Interaction Studies for Understanding the Tremor Pathway in Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:780-790. [PMID: 32888283 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200905115548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tremor is one of the most noticeable features, which occurs during the early stages of Parkinson's Disease (PD). It is one of the major pathological hallmarks and does not have any interpreted mechanism. In this study, we have framed a hypothesis and deciphered protein- protein interactions between the proteins involved in impairment in sodium and calcium ion channels and thus cause synaptic plasticity leading to a tremor. METHODS Literature mining for retrieval of proteins was done using Science Direct, PubMed Central, SciELO and JSTOR databases. A well-thought approach was used, and a list of differentially expressed proteins in PD was collected from different sources. A total of 71 proteins were retrieved, and a protein interaction network was constructed between them by using Cytoscape.v.3.7. The network was further analysed using the BiNGO plugin for retrieval of overrepresented biological processes in Tremor-PD datasets. Hub nodes were also generated in the network. RESULTS The Tremor-PD pathway was deciphered, which demonstrates the cascade of protein interactions that might lead to tremors in PD. Major proteins involved were LRRK2, TUBA1A, TRAF6, HSPA5, ADORA2A, DRD1, DRD2, SNCA, ADCY5, TH, etc. Conclusion: In the current study, it is predicted that ADORA2A and DRD1/DRD2 are equally contributing to the progression of the disease by inhibiting the activity of adenylyl cyclase and thereby increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, causing an influx of neurotransmitters and together they alter the level of dopamine in the brain which eventually leads to tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Dogra
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Ruchi Jakhmola Mani
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Deepshikha Pande Katare
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK) Enhances Activation of STAT3/NLRC4 Inflammasome Signaling Axis through PKCδ in Astrocytes: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081831. [PMID: 32759670 PMCID: PMC7464730 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic dysfunction has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. While the Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/Fn14 signaling axis is known to play a role in PD-like neuropathology, the molecular mechanisms that govern this process remain poorly understood. Herein, we show that TWEAK levels are elevated in PD serum compared to controls. Moreover, using both U373 human astrocyte cells and primary mouse astrocytes, we demonstrate that TWEAK induces mitochondrial oxidative stress as well as protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, accompanied by NLRC4 inflammasome activation and upregulation and release of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18. Mechanistically, TWEAK-induced PKCδ activation enhances the STAT3/NLRC4 signaling pathway and other proinflammatory mediators through a mitochondrial oxidative stress-dependent mechanism. We further show that PKCδ knockdown and mito-apocynin, a mitochondrial antioxidant, suppress TWEAK-induced proinflammatory NLRC4/STAT3 signaling and cellular oxidative stress response. Notably, we validated our in vitro findings in an MPTP mouse model of PD and in mice receiving intrastriatal administration of TWEAK. These results indicate that TWEAK is a key regulator of astroglial reactivity and illustrate a novel mechanism by which mitochondrial oxidative stress may influence dopaminergic neuronal survival in PD.
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33
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Ahmed T, Zulfiqar A, Arguelles S, Rasekhian M, Nabavi SF, Silva AS, Nabavi SM. Map kinase signaling as therapeutic target for neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105090. [PMID: 32707231 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is known to be one of the major risk factors in many neurodegenerative diseases (ND) whose prevalence is estimated to rise in the coming years due to the increase in life expectancy. Examples of neurodegenerative diseases include Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases, along with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Spinocerebellar ataxias and Frontotemporal Dementia. Given that so far these ND do not have effective pharmacological therapies, a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms can contribute to development of effective treatments. During the previous decade, the data indicated that dysregulation of MAP kinases [which included c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and p38] are associated with several stages of the inflammatory process which in turn contributes to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This evidence suggests that control of inflammation through regulation of MAP kinase could be a worthwhile approach against neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we summarize the pathways of MAP kinase signal transduction and different pharmacological inhibitors that can be used in its modulation against ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abida Zulfiqar
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sandro Arguelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Mahsa Rasekhian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Translational Medicine, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Vila Do Conde, Portugal; Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Translational Medicine, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Protein Kinase C Isozymes and Autophagy during Neurodegenerative Disease Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030553. [PMID: 32120776 PMCID: PMC7140419 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are members of the Serine/Threonine kinase family regulating cellular events following activation of membrane bound phospholipids. The breakdown of the downstream signaling pathways of PKC relates to several disease pathogeneses particularly neurodegeneration. PKC isozymes play a critical role in cell death and survival mechanisms, as well as autophagy. Numerous studies have reported that neurodegenerative disease formation is caused by failure of the autophagy mechanism. This review outlines PKC signaling in autophagy and neurodegenerative disease development and introduces some polyphenols as effectors of PKC isozymes for disease therapy.
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35
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Sarkar S, Dammer EB, Malovic E, Olsen AL, Raza SA, Gao T, Xiao H, Oliver DL, Duong D, Joers V, Seyfried N, Huang M, Kukar T, Tansey MG, Kanthasamy AG, Rangaraju S. Molecular Signatures of Neuroinflammation Induced by αSynuclein Aggregates in Microglial Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:33. [PMID: 32082315 PMCID: PMC7006296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αSynAgg) are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies that induce microglial activation and immune-mediated neurotoxicity, but the molecular mechanisms of αSynAgg-induced immune activation are poorly defined. We performed quantitative proteomics by mass spectrometry coupled with PCR, immunohistochemical and functional validations studies to define the molecular characteristics of alpha synuclein mediated microglial activation. In mouse microglia, αSynAgg induced robust pro-inflammatory activation (increased expression of 864 genes including Irg1, Ifit1, and Pyhin) and increased nuclear proteins involved in RNA synthesis, splicing, and anti-viral defense mechanisms. Conversely, αSynAgg decreased expression several proteins (including Cdc123, Sod1, and Grn), which were predominantly cytosolic and involved in metabolic, proteasomal and lysosomal mechanisms. Pathway analyses and confirmatory in vitro studies suggested that αSynAgg partly mediates its effects via Stat3 activation. As predicted by our proteomic findings, we verified that αSynAgg induces mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia. Twenty-six proteins differentially expressed by αSynAgg were also identified as PD risk genes in genome-wide association studies (upregulated: Brd2, Clk1, Siglec1; down-regulated: Memo1, Arhgap18, Fyn, and Pgrn/Grn). We validated progranulin (PGRN) as a lysosomal PD-associated protein that is downregulated by αSynAgg in microglia in-vivo and is expressed by microglia in post-mortem PD brain, congruent with our in vitro findings. Conclusion: Together, proteomics approach both reveals novel molecular insights into αSyn-mediated neuroinflammation in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvarish Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Emir Malovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Abby L Olsen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Syed Ali Raza
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hailian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Danielle L Oliver
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Duc Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Valerie Joers
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicholas Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Meixiang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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36
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Safari F, Hatam G, Behbahani AB, Rezaei V, Barekati-Mowahed M, Petramfar P, Khademi F. CRISPR System: A High-throughput Toolbox for Research and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:477-493. [PMID: 31773362 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the innovation of gene-editing tools such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system improves the translational gap of treatments mediated by gene therapy. The privileges of CRISPR/Cas9 such as working in living cells and organs candidate this technology for using in research and treatment of the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, debilitating, neurodegenerative disorder which occurs due to loss of dopaminergic neurons and is associated with progressive motor dysfunction. Knowledge about the pathophysiological basis of PD has altered the classification system of PD, which manifests in familial and sporadic forms. The first genetic linkage studies in PD demonstrated the involvement of Synuclein alpha (SNCA) mutations and SNCA genomic duplications in the pathogenesis of PD familial forms. Subsequent studies have also insinuated mutations in leucine repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2), Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), as well as DJ-1 causing familial forms of PD. This review will attempt to discuss the structure, function, and development in genome editing mediated by CRISP/Cas9 system. Further, it describes the genes involved in the pathogenesis of PD and the pertinent alterations to them. We will pursue this line by delineating the PD linkage studies in which CRISPR system was employed. Finally, we will discuss the pros and cons of CRISPR employment vis-à-vis the process of genome editing in PD patients' iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Behzad Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Rezaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazyar Barekati-Mowahed
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, USA
| | - Peyman Petramfar
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Khademi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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37
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PKC Mediates LPS-Induced IL-1β Expression and Participates in the Pro-inflammatory Effect of A 2AR Under High Glutamate Concentrations in Mouse Microglia. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2755-2764. [PMID: 31650360 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) play an important role in promoting the production of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in response to infection or damage in microglia. However, whether different signalling pathways regulate these two inflammatory factors remains unclear. The protein kinase C (PKC) family is involved in the regulation of inflammation, and our previous research showed that the activation of the PKC pathway played a key role in the LPS-induced transformation of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) from anti-inflammatory activity to pro-inflammatory activity under high glutamate concentrations. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the role of PKC in the LPS-induced production of these inflammatory cytokines in mouse primary microglia. GF109203X, a specific PKC inhibitor, inhibited the LPS-induced expression of IL-1β messenger ribonucleic acid and intracellular protein in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, 5 µM GF109203X prevented LPS-induced IL-1β expression but did not significantly affect LPS-induced TNF-α expression. PKC promoted IL-1β expression by regulating the activity of NF-κB but did not significantly impact the activity of ERK1/2. A2AR activation by CGS21680, an A2AR agonist, facilitated LPS-induced IL-1β expression through the PKC pathway at high glutamate concentrations but did not significantly affect LPS-induced TNF-α expression. Taken together, these results suggest a new direction for specific intervention with LPS-induced inflammatory factors in response to specific signalling pathways and provide a mechanism for A2AR targeting, especially after brain injury, to influence inflammation by interfering with A2AR.
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38
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Skin Fibroblasts as the Object for Clinical Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease in Persons of Different Ages. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:177-181. [PMID: 31183656 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We compared the expression of Aβ42 peptide, τ-protein, and α-synuclein in the substantia nigra and skin fibroblasts of elderly and senile patients with Parkinson's disease and subjects without neuropathology. Expression of markers in the studied tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical methods. The expression of Aβ42 peptide, τ-protein, and α-synuclein in the substantia nigra of elderly and senile patients with Parkinson's disease was higher by 11-31 times than in subjects without neuropathology. In skin fibroblasts of patients with Parkinson's disease, the expression of Aβ42 peptide and α-synuclein was 3-14 times higher than in subjects without neuropathology, and expression of τ-protein did not significantly differ in the studied groups. Thus, immunocytochemical analysis of the expression Aβ42 peptide and α-synuclein in skin fibroblasts can be a simple method of early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in elderly persons.
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39
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Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation as a Bridge to Understand Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092293. [PMID: 31075861 PMCID: PMC6539529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of experimental evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key pathological event triggering and perpetuating the neurodegenerative process associated with many neurological diseases. Therefore, different stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are used to model neuroinflammation associated with neurodegeneration. By acting at its receptors, LPS activates various intracellular molecules, which alter the expression of a plethora of inflammatory mediators. These factors, in turn, initiate or contribute to the development of neurodegenerative processes. Therefore, LPS is an important tool for the study of neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases. However, the serotype, route of administration, and number of injections of this toxin induce varied pathological responses. Thus, here, we review the use of LPS in various models of neurodegeneration as well as discuss the neuroinflammatory mechanisms induced by this toxin that could underpin the pathological events linked to the neurodegenerative process.
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40
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Lucero M, Suarez AE, Chambers JW. Phosphoregulation on mitochondria: Integration of cell and organelle responses. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:837-858. [PMID: 31025544 PMCID: PMC6566066 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly integrated organelles that are crucial to cell adaptation and mitigating adverse physiology. Recent studies demonstrate that fundamental signal transduction pathways incorporate mitochondrial substrates into their biological programs. Reversible phosphorylation is emerging as a useful mechanism to modulate mitochondrial function in accordance with cellular changes. Critical serine/threonine protein kinases, such as the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase A (PKA), PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1), and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), readily translocate to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), the interface of mitochondria-cell communication. OMM protein kinases phosphorylate diverse mitochondrial substrates that have discrete effects on organelle dynamics, protein import, respiratory complex activity, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis. OMM phosphorylation events can be tempered through the actions of local protein phosphatases, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), to regulate the extent and duration of signaling. The central mediators of OMM signal transduction are the scaffold proteins because the relative abundance of these accessory proteins determines the magnitude and duration of a signaling event on the mitochondrial surface, which dictates the biological outcome of a local signal transduction pathway. The concentrations of scaffold proteins, such as A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and Sab (or SH3 binding protein 5-SH3BP5), have been shown to influence neuronal survival and vulnerability, respectively, in models of Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the importance of OMM signaling to health and disease. Despite recent progress, much remains to be discovered concerning the mechanisms of OMM signaling. Nonetheless, enhancing beneficial OMM signaling events and inhibiting detrimental protein-protein interactions on the mitochondrial surface may represent highly selective approaches to restore mitochondrial health and homeostasis and mitigate organelle dysfunction in conditions such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Lucero
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, the Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Ana E Suarez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, the Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeremy W Chambers
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, the Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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41
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Zhou LY, Tian ZR, Yao M, Chen XQ, Song YJ, Ye J, Yi NX, Cui XJ, Wang YJ. Riluzole promotes neurological function recovery and inhibits damage extension in rats following spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Neurochem 2019; 150:6-27. [PMID: 30786027 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that has few treatment options. Riluzole, a sodium channel blocker used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has been initially trialed in human SCI. We performed a systematic review to critically assess the efficacy of riluzole in locomotor recovery and damage extension in SCI rat models, and the potential for clinical translation. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases were searched from their inception date to March 2018. Two reviewers independently selected animal studies that evaluated neurological recovery and lesion area following riluzole treatment in SCI rat models, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Pairwise meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and network meta-analysis were performed to assess the effects of riluzole on SCI. Ten eligible studies were included. Two studies had high methodological quality. Overall, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were increased in riluzole-treated animals versus controls, and effect sizes showed a gradual increase from the 1st (five studies, n = 104, mean difference = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.11 to 2.37, p = 0.03) to 6th week after treatment (five studies, n = 120, mean difference = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.26 to 3.42, p < 0.0001). Riluzole was associated with improved outcomes in the inclined plane test and the tissue preservation area. Subgroup analyses suggested an association of locomotor recovery with riluzole dose. Network meta-analysis showed that 5 mg/kg riluzole exhibited greater protection than 2.5 and 8 mg/kg riluzole. Collectively, this review suggests that riluzole has a protective effect on SCI, with good safety and a clear mechanism of action and may be suitable for future clinical trials or applications. However, animal results should be interpreted with caution given the known limitations in animal experimental design and methodological quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yun Zhou
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Rehabilitation Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Rui Tian
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Qing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Jia Song
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ye
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Xing Yi
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sarkar S, Rokad D, Malovic E, Luo J, Harischandra DS, Jin H, Anantharam V, Huang X, Lewis M, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Manganese activates NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and propagates exosomal release of ASC in microglial cells. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/563/eaat9900. [PMID: 30622196 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat9900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic, sustained inflammation underlies many pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. Divalent manganese (Mn2+) exposure can stimulate neurotoxicity by increasing inflammation. In this study, we examined whether Mn2+ activates the multiprotein NLRP3 inflammasome complex to promote neuroinflammation. Exposing activated mouse microglial cells to Mn2+ substantially augmented NLRP3 abundance, caspase-1 cleavage, and maturation of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Exposure of mice to Mn2+ had similar effects in brain microglial cells. Furthermore, Mn2+ impaired mitochondrial ATP generation, basal respiratory rate, and spare capacity in microglial cells. These data suggest that Mn-induced mitochondrial defects drove the inflammasome signal amplification. We found that Mn induced cell-to-cell transfer of the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC in exosomes. Furthermore, primed microglial cells exposed to exosomes from Mn-treated mice released more IL-1β than did cells exposed to exosomes from control-treated animals. We also observed that welders exposed to manganese-containing fumes had plasma exosomes that contained more ASC than did those from a matched control group. Together, these results suggest that the divalent metal manganese acts as a key amplifier of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and exosomal ASC release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvarish Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dharmin Rokad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Emir Malovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dilshan S Harischandra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Mechelle Lewis
- Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Sarkar S, Malovic E, Jin H, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. The role of manganese in neuroinflammation. ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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44
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Tsai CW, Tsai RT, Liu SP, Chen CS, Tsai MC, Chien SH, Hung HS, Lin SZ, Shyu WC, Fu RH. Neuroprotective Effects of Betulin in Pharmacological and Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Models of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1903-1918. [PMID: 29390878 PMCID: PMC5802634 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717738785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common degenerative disorder of the central nervous system in the elderly. It is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, as well as by motor dysfunction. Although the causes of PD are not well understood, aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in neurons contributes to this disease. Current therapeutics for PD provides satisfactory symptom relief but not a cure. Treatment strategies include attempts to identify new drugs that will prevent or arrest the progressive course of PD by correcting disease-specific pathogenic process. Betulin is derived from the bark of birch trees and possesses anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential for betulin to ameliorate PD features in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models. We demonstrated that betulin diminished α-syn accumulation in the transgenic C. elegans model. Betulin also reduced 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration, reduced food-sensing behavioral abnormalities, and reversed life-span decreases in a pharmacological C. elegans model. Moreover, we found that the enhancement of proteasomes activity by promoting rpn1 expression and downregulation of the apoptosis pathway gene, egl-1, may be the molecular mechanism for betulin-mediated protection against PD pathology. Together, these findings support betulin as a possible treatment for PD and encourage further investigations of betulin as an antineurodegenerative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsai
- 1 Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Tzong Tsai
- 2 Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shi Chen
- 5 Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chen Tsai
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Chien
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- 6 Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,7 Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Porte Alcon S, Gorojod RM, Kotler ML. Regulated Necrosis Orchestrates Microglial Cell Death in Manganese-Induced Toxicity. Neuroscience 2018; 393:206-225. [PMID: 30316909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain resident immune cells, play prominent roles in immune surveillance, tissue repair and neural regeneration. Despite these pro-survival actions, the relevance of these cells in the progression of several neuropathologies has been established. In the context of manganese (Mn) overexposure, it has been proposed that microglial activation contributes to enhance the neurotoxicity. However, the occurrence of a direct cytotoxic effect of Mn on microglial cells remains controversial. In the present work, we investigated the potential vulnerability of immortalized mouse microglial cells (BV-2) toward Mn2+, focusing on the signaling pathways involved in cell death. Evidence obtained showed that Mn2+ induces a decrease in cell viability which is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this report we demonstrated, for the first time, that Mn2+ triggers regulated necrosis (RN) in BV-2 cells involving two central mechanisms: parthanatos and lysosomal disruption. The occurrence of parthanatos is supported by several cellular and molecular events: (i) DNA damage; (ii) AIF translocation from mitochondria to the nucleus; (iii) mitochondrial membrane permeabilization; and (iv) PARP1-dependent cell death. On the other hand, Mn2+ induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin D (CatD) release into the cytosol supporting the lysosomal disruption. Pre-incubation with CatB and D inhibitors partially prevented the Mn2+-induced cell viability decrease. Altogether these events point to lysosomes as players in the execution of RN. In summary, our results suggest that microglial cells could be direct targets of Mn2+ damage. In this scenario, Mn2+ triggers cell death involving RN pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Porte Alcon
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Roxana Mayra Gorojod
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Lidia Kotler
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Shin EJ, Hwang YG, Sharma N, Tran HQ, Dang DK, Jang CG, Jeong JH, Nah SY, Nabeshima T, Kim HC. Role of protein kinase Cδ in dopaminergic neurotoxic events. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:254-261. [PMID: 30195712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic role of Protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), a member of the novel PKC subfamily, has been well-documented in various pathological conditions. In the central nervous system, the possible role of PKCδ has been studied, mainly in the condition of dopaminergic loss. It has been suggested that the phosphorylation of PKCδ at tyrosine 311 residue (Tyr311) by redox-sensitive Src family kinases (SFKs) is critical for the caspase-3-mediated proteolytic cleavage, which produces the constitutively active cleaved form of PKCδ. Mitochondrial translocation of cleaved PKCδ has been suggested to facilitate mitochondria-derived apoptosis and oxidative burdens. Moreover, it has been suggested that PKCδ contribute to neuroinflammation through the transformation of microglia into the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and the assembly of membrane NADPH oxidase in dopaminergic impairments. Interestingly, mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors or neuroinflammogens have shown to induce PKCδ activation in dopaminergic systems. Thus, PKCδ activation may be one of the pivotal causes of neuropathologic events, and could amplify these processes further in a positive feedback manner. Furthermore, PKCδ may play an intermediary role in connecting each neuropathologic event. This review affords insight into the role of PKCδ in various dopaminergic neurotoxic models, which could provide a potential target for mitigating dopaminergic neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Quyen Tran
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy-Khanh Dang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Sejimo S, Hossain MS, Akashi K. Scallop-derived plasmalogens attenuate the activation of PKCδ associated with the brain inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:837-842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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A lincRNA-p21/miR-181 family feedback loop regulates microglial activation during systemic LPS- and MPTP- induced neuroinflammation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:803. [PMID: 30038357 PMCID: PMC6056543 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of microglial-mediated sustained neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is well established, but the mechanisms contributing to microglial activation remain unclear. LincRNA-p21, a well studied long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA), plays pivotal roles in diverse biological processes and diseases. Its role in microglial activation and inflammation-induced neurotoxicity, however, has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report that lincRNA-p21 promotes microglial activation through a p53-dependent transcriptional pathway. We further demonstrate that lincRNA-p21 competitively binds to the miR-181 family and induces microglial activation through the miR-181/PKC-δ pathway. Moreover, PKC-δ induction further increases the expression of p53/lincRNA-p21 and thus forms a circuit. Taken together, our results suggest that p53/lincRNA-p21, together with miR-181/PKC-δ, form a double-negative feedback loop that facilitates sustained microglial activation and the deterioration of neurodegeneration.
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49
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Bahdoudi S, Ghouili I, Hmiden M, do Rego JL, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Chuquet J, do Rego JC, Marcher AB, Mandrup S, Vaudry H, Tonon MC, Amri M, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Vaudry D. Neuroprotective effects of the gliopeptide ODN in an in vivo model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2075-2091. [PMID: 29264673 PMCID: PMC11105203 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons through apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms. The octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) is a diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI)-derived peptide, expressed by astrocytes, which protects neurons against oxidative cell damages and apoptosis in an in vitro model of PD. The present study reveals that a single intracerebroventricular injection of 10 ng ODN 1 h after the last administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) prevented the degeneration of DA neurons induced by the toxin in the substantia nigra pars compacta of mice, 7 days after treatment. ODN-mediated neuroprotection was associated with a reduction of the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive reactive astrocytes and a strong inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as interleukins 1β and 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, ODN blocked the inhibition of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and the stimulation of the pro-apoptotic genes Bax and caspase-3, induced by MPTP in the substantia nigra pars compacta. ODN also decreased or even in some cases abolished MPTP-induced oxidative damages, overproduction of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of lipid oxidation products in DA neurons. Furthermore, DBI knockout mice appeared to be more vulnerable than wild-type animals to MPTP neurotoxicity. Taken together, these results show that the gliopeptide ODN exerts a potent neuroprotective effect against MPTP-induced degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons in mice, through mechanisms involving downregulation of neuroinflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic processes. ODN may, thus, reduce neuronal damages in PD and other cerebral injuries involving oxidative neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Bahdoudi
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Science of Tunis, UR/11ES09, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Ghouili
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Science of Tunis, UR/11ES09, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mansour Hmiden
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Science of Tunis, UR/11ES09, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Luc do Rego
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Behavioral Analysis Platform (SCAC), Normandy University, 76183, Rouen, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Julien Chuquet
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Behavioral Analysis Platform (SCAC), Normandy University, 76183, Rouen, France
| | - Ann-Britt Marcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Science of Tunis, UR/11ES09, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Science of Tunis, UR/11ES09, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - David Vaudry
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
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50
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Sarkar S, Malovic E, Sarda D, Lawana V, Rokad D, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Characterization and comparative analysis of a new mouse microglial cell model for studying neuroinflammatory mechanisms during neurotoxic insults. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:129-140. [PMID: 29775624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the first responders of the central nervous system, acting as the key modulators of neuroinflammation observed during neurotoxic insults as well as in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's diseases (HD). The number of publications on microglia has increased steadily throughout the past decade because of immense interests in the neuroinflammation that precedes the neurodegenerative process. To study microglial biology and its role in modulating neuroinflammation, immortalized microglial cell lines derived from mice, rats, and humans have been developed. Among these, the BV2 mouse microglial cell line is the most well characterized and widely used cell culture model. However, even unstimulated BV2 cells exhibit an amoeboid, hypertrophied morphology, indicating a highly activated and inflammatory state compared to primary microglia, thus making them less than ideal for studying the low-dose effects of toxicants on microglial activation. Therefore, we performed an in-depth characterization of a recently developed mouse microglial cell (MMC) line, which we compared with primary mouse microglia (PMG) and BV2s to identify which cell line was best suited for studying the microglial response to neurotoxicants. Comparative analyses reveal that MMCs are strikingly more similar to PMGs in basal activity, morphology, and sensitivity, than are BV2s. Furthermore, basal nitrite and inflammatory cytokine levels are significantly higher in BV2s compared to MMCs. BV2 cells are also less reactive to the inflammagen LPS compared to MMCs, due to the higher basal activation state of BV2s. Collectively, our in-depth analyses of morphology, basal activity, and responsivity to two different stimuli (LPS, aggregated α-synuclein) demonstrate that MMCs closely mimic neonatal PMGs, and are discernibly more suitable than BV2s for studying the neuroinflammatory mechanisms of neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvarish Sarkar
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Emir Malovic
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Deeksha Sarda
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Vivek Lawana
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Dharmin Rokad
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States.
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