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Northoff G, Hirjak D. Is depression a global brain disorder with topographic dynamic reorganization? Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:278. [PMID: 38969642 PMCID: PMC11226458 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a multitude of psychopathological symptoms including affective, cognitive, perceptual, sensorimotor, and social. The neuronal mechanisms underlying such co-occurrence of psychopathological symptoms remain yet unclear. Rather than linking and localizing single psychopathological symptoms to specific regions or networks, this perspective proposes a more global and dynamic topographic approach. We first review recent findings on global brain activity changes during both rest and task states in MDD showing topographic reorganization with a shift from unimodal to transmodal regions. Next, we single out two candidate mechanisms that may underlie and mediate such abnormal uni-/transmodal topography, namely dynamic shifts from shorter to longer timescales and abnormalities in the excitation-inhibition balance. Finally, we show how such topographic shift from unimodal to transmodal regions relates to the various psychopathological symptoms in MDD including their co-occurrence. This amounts to what we describe as 'Topographic dynamic reorganization' which extends our earlier 'Resting state hypothesis of depression' and complements other models of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
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2
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Hempel M, Barnhofer T, Domke AK, Hartling C, Stippl A, Carstens L, Gärtner M, Grimm S. Aberrant associations between neuronal resting-state fluctuations and working memory-induced activity in major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02647-w. [PMID: 38951625 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Previous investigations have revealed performance deficits and altered neural processes during working-memory (WM) tasks in major depressive disorder (MDD). While most of these studies used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), there is an increasing interest in resting-state fMRI to characterize aberrant network dynamics involved in this and other MDD-associated symptoms. It has been proposed that activity during the resting-state represents characteristics of brain-wide functional organization, which could be highly relevant for the efficient execution of cognitive tasks. However, the dynamics linking resting-state properties and task-evoked activity remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the association between spontaneous activity as indicated by the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) at rest and activity during an emotional n-back task. 60 patients diagnosed with an acute MDD episode, and 52 healthy controls underwent the fMRI scanning procedure. Within both groups, positive correlations between spontaneous activity at rest and task-activation were found in core regions of the central-executive network (CEN), whereas spontaneous activity correlated negatively with task-deactivation in regions of the default mode network (DMN). Compared to healthy controls, patients showed a decreased rest-task correlation in the left prefrontal cortex (CEN) and an increased negative correlation in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (DMN). Interestingly, no significant group-differences within those regions were found solely at rest or during the task. The results underpin the potential value and importance of resting-state markers for the understanding of dysfunctional network dynamics and neural substrates of cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hempel
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Barnhofer
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Ann-Kathrin Domke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Hartling
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stippl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Carstens
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matti Gärtner
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Sugawara A, Katsunuma R, Terasawa Y, Sekiguchi A. Interoceptive training impacts the neural circuit of the anterior insula cortex. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:206. [PMID: 38782961 PMCID: PMC11116496 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interoception is the perception of afferent information that arises from anywhere and everywhere within the body. Recently, interoceptive accuracy could be enhanced by cognitive training. Given that the anterior insula cortex (AIC) is a key node of interoception, we hypothesized that resting functional connectivity (RSFC) from AIC was involved in an effect of interoceptive training. To address this issue, we conducted a longitudinal intervention study using interoceptive training and obtained RSFC using fMRI before and after the intervention. A heartbeat perception task evaluated interoceptive accuracy. Twenty-two healthy volunteers (15 females, age 19.9 ± 2.0 years) participated. After the intervention, interoceptive accuracy was enhanced, and anxiety levels and somatic symptoms were reduced. Also, RSFC from AIC to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), superior marginal gyrus (SMG), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and brain stem, including nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) were enhanced, and those from AIC to the visual cortex (VC) were decreased according to enhanced interoceptive accuracy. The neural circuit of AIC, ACC, and NTS is involved in the bottom-up process of interoception. The neural circuit of AIC, DLPFC, and SMG is involved in the top-down process of interoception, which was thought to represent the cognitive control of emotion. The findings provided a better understanding of neural underpinnings of the effect of interoceptive training on somatic symptoms and anxiety levels by enhancing both bottom-up and top-down processes of interoception, which has a potential contribution to the structure of psychotherapies based on the neural mechanism of psychosomatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Sugawara
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruri Katsunuma
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yuri Terasawa
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Zhou H, Xiong T, Dai Z, Zou H, Wang X, Tang H, Huang Y, Sun H, You W, Yao Z, Lu Q. Brain-heart interaction disruption in major depressive disorder: disturbed rhythm modulation of the cardiac cycle on brain transient theta bursts. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:595-607. [PMID: 37318589 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brain neurons support arousal and cognitive activity in the form of spectral transient bursts and cooperate with the peripheral nervous system to adapt to the surrounding environment. However, the temporal dynamics of brain-heart interactions have not been confirmed, and the mechanism of brain-heart interactions in major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear. This study aimed to provide direct evidence for brain-heart synchronization in temporal dynamics and clarify the mechanism of brain-heart interaction disruption in MDD. Eight-minute resting-state (closed eyes) electroencephalograph and electrocardiogram signals were acquired simultaneously. The Jaccard index (JI) was used to measure the temporal synchronization between cortical theta transient bursts and cardiac cycle activity (diastole and systole) in 90 MDD patients and 44 healthy controls (HCs) at rest. The deviation JI was used to reflect the equilibrium of brain activity between diastole and systole. The results showed that the diastole JI was higher than the systole JI in both the HC and MDD groups; compared to HCs, the deviation JI attenuated at F4, F6, FC2, and FC4 in the MDD patients. The eccentric deviation JI was negatively correlated with the despair factor scores of the HAMD, and after 4 weeks of antidepressant treatment, the eccentric deviation JI was positively correlated with the despair factor scores of the HAMD. It was concluded that brain-heart synchronization existed in the theta band in healthy individuals and that disturbed rhythm modulation of the cardiac cycle on brain transient theta bursts at right frontoparietal sites led to brain-heart interaction disruption in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongpeng Dai
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xvmiao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghong Huang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei You
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
- Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Wang T, Gao C, Li J, Li L, Yue Y, Liu X, Chen S, Hou Z, Yin Y, Jiang W, Xu Z, Kong Y, Yuan Y. Prediction of Early Antidepressant Efficacy in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Based on Multidimensional Features of rs-fMRI and P11 Gene DNA Methylation: Prédiction de l'efficacité précoce d'un antidépresseur chez des patients souffrant du trouble dépressif majeur d'après les caractéristiques multidimensionnelles de la méthylation de l'ADN du gène P11 et de la IRMf-rs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2024; 69:264-274. [PMID: 37920958 PMCID: PMC10924577 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231210787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study established a machine learning model based on the multidimensional data of resting-state functional activity of the brain and P11 gene DNA methylation to predict the early efficacy of antidepressant treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS A total of 98 Han Chinese MDD were analysed in this study. Patients were divided into 51 responders and 47 nonresponders according to whether the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 items (HAMD-17) reduction rate was ≥50% after 2 weeks of antidepressant treatment. At baseline, the Illumina HiSeq Platform was used to detect the methylation of 74 CpG sites of the P11 gene in peripheral blood samples. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan detected the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) in 116 brain regions. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis method was used to perform feature reduction and feature selection. Four typical machine learning methods were used to establish support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), and logistic regression (LR) prediction models based on different combinations of functional activity of the brain, P11 gene DNA methylation and clinical/demographic features after screening. RESULTS The SVM model based on ALFF, ReHo, FC, P11 methylation, and clinical/demographic features showed the best performance, with 95.92% predictive accuracy and 0.9967 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, which was better than RF, NB, and LR models. CONCLUSION The multidimensional data features combining rs-fMRI, DNA methylation, and clinical/demographic features can predict the early antidepressant efficacy in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Gao
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Yin
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youyong Kong
- Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Yang C, Biswal B, Cui Q, Jing X, Ao Y, Wang Y. Frequency-dependent alterations of global signal topography in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychol Med 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38362834 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated not only with disorders in multiple brain networks but also with frequency-specific brain activities. The abnormality of spatiotemporal networks in patients with MDD remains largely unclear. METHODS We investigated the alterations of the global spatiotemporal network in MDD patients using a large-sample multicenter resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset. The spatiotemporal characteristics were measured by the variability of global signal (GS) and its correlation with local signals (GSCORR) at multiple frequency bands. The association between these indicators and clinical scores was further assessed. RESULTS The GS fluctuations were reduced in patients with MDD across the full frequency range (0-0.1852 Hz). The GSCORR was also reduced in the MDD group, especially in the relatively higher frequency range (0.0728-0.1852 Hz). Interestingly, these indicators showed positive correlations with depressive scores in the MDD group and relative negative correlations in the control group. CONCLUSION The GS and its spatiotemporal effects on local signals were weakened in patients with MDD, which may impair inter-regional synchronization and related functions. Patients with severe depression may use the compensatory mechanism to make up for the functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Yang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xiujuan Jing
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yujia Ao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
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Takasu K, Yawata Y, Tashima R, Aritomi H, Shimada S, Onodera T, Taishi T, Ogawa K. Distinct mechanisms of allopregnanolone and diazepam underlie neuronal oscillations and differential antidepressant effect. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1274459. [PMID: 38259500 PMCID: PMC10800935 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1274459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid relief of depressive symptoms is a major medical requirement for effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). A decrease in neuroactive steroids contributes to the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the neurological symptoms of MDD. Zuranolone (SAGE-217), a neuroactive steroid that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of synaptic and extrasynaptic δ-subunit-containing GABAA receptors, has shown rapid-onset, clinically effective antidepressant action in patients with MDD or postpartum depression (PPD). Benzodiazepines, on the other hand, act as positive allosteric modulators of synaptic GABAA receptors but are not approved for the treatment of patients with MDD. It remains unclear how differences in molecular mechanisms contribute to the alleviation of depressive symptoms and the regulation of associated neuronal activity. Focusing on the antidepressant-like effects and neuronal activity of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), we conducted a head-to-head comparison study of the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone and the benzodiazepine diazepam using a mouse social defeat stress (SDS) model. Allopregnanolone but not diazepam exhibited antidepressant-like effects in a social interaction test in SDS mice. This antidepressant-like effect of allopregnanolone was abolished in extrasynaptic GABAA receptor δ-subunit knockout mice (δko mice) subjected to the same SDS protocol. Regarding the neurophysiological mechanism associated with these antidepressant-like effects, allopregnanolone but not diazepam increased theta oscillation in the BLA of SDS mice. This increase did not occur in δko mice. Consistent with this, allopregnanolone potentiated tonic inhibition in BLA interneurons via δ-subunit-containing extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. Theta oscillation in the mPFC of SDS mice was also increased by allopregnanolone but not by diazepam. Finally, allopregnanolone but not diazepam increased frontal theta activity in electroencephalography recordings in naïve and SDS mice. Neuronal network alterations associated with MDD showed decreased frontal theta and beta activity in depressed SDS mice. These results demonstrated that, unlike benzodiazepines, neuroactive steroids increased theta oscillation in the BLA and mPFC through the activation of δ-subunit-containing GABAA receptors, and this change was associated with antidepressant-like effects in the SDS model. Our findings support the notion that the distinctive mechanism of neuroactive steroids may contribute to the rapid antidepressant effects in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Takasu
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yawata
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Tashima
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Tsukasa Onodera
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Taishi
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ogawa
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Belge JB, van Eijndhoven P, Mulders PCR. Mechanism of Action of ECT in Depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024; 66:279-295. [PMID: 37962811 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most potent antidepressant treatment available for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). ECT is highly effective, achieving a response rate of 70-80% and a remission rate of 50-60% even in treatment-resistant patients. The underlying mechanisms of ECT are not fully understood, although several hypotheses have been proposed, including the monoamine hypothesis, anticonvulsive hypothesis, neuroplastic effects, and immunomodulatory properties. In this paper, we provide an overview of magnetic resonance imaging evidence that addresses the neuroplastic changes that occur after ECT at the human systems level and elaborate further on ECTs potent immunomodulatory properties. Despite a growing body of evidence that suggests ECT may normalize many of the structural and functional changes in the brain associated with severe depression, there is a lack of convergence between neurobiological changes and the robust clinical effects observed in depression. This may be due to sample sizes used in ECT studies being generally small and differences in data processing and analysis pipelines. Collaborations that acquire large datasets, such as the GEMRIC consortium, can help translate ECT's clinical efficacy into a better understanding of its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Belge
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C R Mulders
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Belge JB, Mulders P, Van Diermen L, Sienaert P, Sabbe B, Abbott CC, Tendolkar I, Schrijvers D, van Eijndhoven P. Reviewing the neurobiology of electroconvulsive therapy on a micro- meso- and macro-level. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110809. [PMID: 37331685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the one of the most effective of biological antidepressant interventions. However, the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of ECT remain unclear. A gap in the literature is the lack of multimodal research that attempts to integrate findings at different biological levels of analysis METHODS: We searched the PubMed database for relevant studies. We review biological studies of ECT in depression on a micro- (molecular), meso- (structural) and macro- (network) level. RESULTS ECT impacts both peripheral and central inflammatory processes, triggers neuroplastic mechanisms and modulates large scale neural network connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Integrating this vast body of existing evidence, we are tempted to speculate that ECT may have neuroplastic effects resulting in the modulation of connectivity between and among specific large-scale networks that are altered in depression. These effects could be mediated by the immunomodulatory properties of the treatment. A better understanding of the complex interactions between the micro-, meso- and macro- level might further specify the mechanisms of action of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Belge
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Mulders
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Van Diermen
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Psychiatric Center Bethanië, Andreas Vesaliuslaan 39, Zoersel 2980, Belgium
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), Leuvensesteenweg 517, Kortenberg 3010, Belgium
| | - Bernard Sabbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Didier Schrijvers
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Stationstraat 22, Duffel 2570, Belgium
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sanchez SM, Tsuchiyagaito A, Kuplicki R, Park H, Postolski I, Rohan M, Paulus MP, Guinjoan SM. Repetitive Negative Thinking-Specific and -Nonspecific White Matter Tracts Engaged by Historical Psychosurgical Targets for Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:661-671. [PMID: 36965550 PMCID: PMC10517085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a frequent symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) that is associated with poor outcomes and treatment resistance. While most studies on RNT have focused on structural and functional characteristics of gray matter, this study aimed to examine the association between white matter (WM) tracts and interindividual variability in RNT. METHODS A probabilistic tractography approach was used to characterize differences in the size and anatomical trajectory of WM fibers traversing psychosurgery targets historically useful in the treatment of MDD (anterior capsulotomy, anterior cingulotomy, and subcaudate tractotomy) in patients with MDD and low (n = 53) or high (n = 52) RNT, and healthy control subjects (n = 54). MDD samples were propensity matched on depression and anxiety severity and demographics. RESULTS WM tracts traversing left hemisphere targets and reaching the ventral anterior body of the corpus callosum (thus extending to contralateral regions) were larger in the high-RNT MDD group compared with low-RNT (effect size D = 0.27, p = .042) and healthy control (D = 0.23, p = .02) groups. MDD was associated with greater size of tracts that converge onto the right medial orbitofrontal cortex regardless of RNT intensity. Other RNT-nonspecific findings in MDD involved tracts reaching the left primary motor and right primary somatosensory cortices. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence to our knowledge that WM connectivity patterns, which could become targets of intervention, differ between high- and low-RNT participants with MDD. These WM differences extend to circuits that are not specific to RNT, possibly subserving reward mechanisms and psychomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aki Tsuchiyagaito
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Heekyeong Park
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ivan Postolski
- Institute for Research in Computational Sciences, National Scientific and Technical Research Council-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Rohan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Psychiatry, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
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11
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Chen X, Dai Z, Lin Y. Biotypes of major depressive disorder identified by a multiview clustering framework. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:257-272. [PMID: 36863463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advances in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques motivate parsing heterogeneity in major depressive disorder (MDD) through neurophysiological subtypes (i.e., biotypes). Based on graph theories, researchers have observed the functional organization of the human brain as a complex system with modular structures and have found wide-spread but variable MDD-related abnormality regarding the modules. The evidence implies the possibility of identifying biotypes using high-dimensional functional connectivity (FC) data in ways that suit the potentially multifaceted biotypes taxonomy. METHODS We proposed a multiview biotype discovery framework that involves theory-driven feature subspace partition (i.e., "view") and independent subspace clustering. Six views were defined using intra- and intermodule FC regarding three MDD focal modules (i.e., the sensory-motor system, default mode network, and subcortical network). For robust biotypes, the framework was applied to a large multisite sample (805 MDD participants and 738 healthy controls). RESULTS Two biotypes were stably obtained in each view, respectively characterized by significantly increased and decreased FC compared to healthy controls. These view-specific biotypes promoted the diagnosis of MDD and showed different symptom profiles. By integrating the view-specific biotypes into biotype profiles, a broad spectrum in the neural heterogeneity of MDD and its separation from symptom-based subtypes was further revealed. LIMITATIONS The power of clinical effects is limited and the cross-sectional nature cannot predict the treatment effects of the biotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings not only contribute to the understanding of heterogeneity in MDD, but also provide a novel subtyping framework that could transcend current diagnostic boundaries and data modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitian Chen
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengjia Dai
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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12
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Zhang J, Northoff G. Beyond noise to function: reframing the global brain activity and its dynamic topography. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1350. [PMID: 36481785 PMCID: PMC9732046 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How global and local activity interact with each other is a common question in complex systems like climate and economy. Analogously, the brain too displays 'global' activity that interacts with local-regional activity and modulates behavior. The brain's global activity, investigated as global signal in fMRI, so far, has mainly been conceived as non-neuronal noise. We here review the findings from healthy and clinical populations to demonstrate the neural basis and functions of global signal to brain and behavior. We show that global signal (i) is closely coupled with physiological signals and modulates the arousal level; and (ii) organizes an elaborated dynamic topography and coordinates the different forms of cognition. We also postulate a Dual-Layer Model including both background and surface layers. Together, the latest evidence strongly suggests the need to go beyond the view of global signal as noise by embracing a dual-layer model with background and surface layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China ,grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Georg Northoff
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada ,grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Griebsch NI, Kern J, Hansen J, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Helfmeyer S, Dekorsy FJ, Soeder M, Hankir MK, Zientek F, Becker GA, Patt M, Meyer PM, Dietrich A, Blüher M, Ding YS, Hilbert A, Sabri O, Hesse S. Central Serotonin/Noradrenaline Transporter Availability and Treatment Success in Patients with Obesity. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111437. [PMID: 36358364 PMCID: PMC9688491 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as well as noradrenaline (NA) are key modulators of various fundamental brain functions including the control of appetite. While manipulations that alter brain serotoninergic signaling clearly affect body weight, studies implicating 5-HT transporters and NA transporters (5-HTT and NAT, respectively) as a main drug treatment target for human obesity have not been conclusive. The aim of this positron emission tomography (PET) study was to investigate how these central transporters are associated with changes of body weight after 6 months of dietary intervention or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in order to assess whether 5-HTT as well as NAT availability can predict weight loss and consequently treatment success. The study population consisted of two study cohorts using either the 5-HTT-selective radiotracer [11C]DASB to measure 5-HTT availability or the NAT-selective radiotracer [11C]MRB to assess NAT availability. Each group included non-obesity healthy participants, patients with severe obesity (body mass index, BMI, >35 kg/m2) following a conservative dietary program (diet) and patients undergoing RYGB surgery within a 6-month follow-up. Overall, changes in BMI were not associated with changes of both 5-HTT and NAT availability, while 5-HTT availability in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) prior to intervention was associated with substantial BMI reduction after RYGB surgery and inversely related with modest BMI reduction after diet. Taken together, the data of our study indicate that 5-HTT and NAT are involved in the pathomechanism of obesity and have the potential to serve as predictors of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Kern
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Hansen
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Jena University Hospital, University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Helfmeyer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska J. Dekorsy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marvin Soeder
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohammed K. Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Zientek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp M. Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Abdominal, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu-Shin Ding
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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14
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Oversampled and undersolved: Depressive rumination from an active inference perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104873. [PMID: 36116573 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rumination is a widely recognized cognitive deviation in depression. Despite the recognition, researchers have struggled to explain why patients cannot disengage from the process, although it depresses their mood and fails to lead to effective problem-solving. We rethink rumination as repetitive but unsuccessful problem-solving attempts. Appealing to an active inference account, we suggest that adaptive problem-solving is based on the generation, evaluation, and performance of candidate policies that increase an organism's knowledge of its environment. We argue that the problem-solving process is distorted during rumination. Specifically, rumination is understood as engaging in excessive yet unsuccessful oversampling of policy candidates that do not resolve uncertainty. Because candidates are sampled from policies that were selected in states resembling one's current state, "bad" starting points (e.g., depressed mood, physical inactivity) make the problem-solving process vulnerable for generating a ruminative "halting problem". This problem leads to high opportunity costs, learned helplessness and diminished overt behavior. Besides reviewing evidence for the conceptual paths of this model, we discuss its neurophysiological correlates and point towards clinical implications.
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15
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Griffies WS. Incorporating Brain Explanations in Psychoanalysis: Tennessee Williams as a Case Study. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2022; 50:492-512. [PMID: 36047801 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2022.50.3.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite Tennessee Williams's genius as a playwright who could represent his inner emotional struggles in his art, psychoanalysis was unable to free him from the powerful "blue devils" within him. Williams's inability to engage with psychoanalysis presents an opportunity to discuss ways that contemporary thinking about brain structure and function might guide our understanding and treatment of patients such as Williams. One of the core defensive behaviors that made analysis difficult for Williams was his avoidance of painful emotions through compulsive writing, sex, alcohol, and drug-addictive behaviors. These pre-mentalized reactions became Williams's habitual procedural body response, which occurs below the level of the self-reflective brain. Within a relatively traditional ego psychological frame, Lawrence Kubie, Williams's analyst in 1957, attempted to prohibit the compulsive behaviors to be able to process the underlying painful affects in the analysis. However, given that this level of mind and brain functions was Williams's chief means of regulation, Williams could not engage in the psychoanalytic process and left the treatment after one year. I propose that Williams was operating in brain circuits below the level of "higher" reflection or interpretation-receptive circuits and therefore he was unable to make use of a traditional ego psychological model. A review of these brain circuits seeks to encourage therapists to utilize simplified brain explanations for patients, which can destigmatize the pathologic behaviors and enhance engagement in the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Scott Griffies
- Medical Director, Mindpath Health Mind-Brain-Body Center, and a Consulting Associate Professor, Duke Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. A version of this manuscript was presented as the Ernest Svenson Memorial Lecture, New Orleans, Louisiana, in September 2018, and at the AAPDPP Annual Meeting in San Francisco, California, in May 2019.
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16
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Cheng B, Guo Y, Chen X, Lv B, Liao Y, Qu H, Hu X, Yang H, Meng Y, Deng W, Wang J. Postpartum depression and major depressive disorder: the same or not? Evidence from resting-state functional MRI. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2022; 2:121-128. [PMID: 38665602 PMCID: PMC10917173 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Although postpartum depression (PPD) and non-peripartum major depressive disorder (MDD) occurring within and outside the postpartum period share many clinical characteristics, whether PPD and MDD are the same or not remains controversial. Methods The current study was devoted to identify the shared and different neural circuits between PPD and MDD by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 77 participants (22 first-episodic drug-naïve MDD, 26 drug-naïve PPD, and 29 healthy controls (HC)). Results Both the PPD and MDD groups exhibited higher fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in left temporal pole relative to the HC group; the MDD group showed specifically increased degree centrality in the right cerebellum while PPD showed specifically decreased fALFF in the left supplementary motor area and posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG_L), and specifically decreased functional connectivities between pMTG and precuneus and between left subgeneual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC_L) and right sgACC. Moreover, sgACC and left thalamus showed abnormal regional homogeneity of functional activities between any pair of HC, MDD, and PPD. Conclusions These results provide initial evidence that PPD and MDD have common and distinct neural circuits, which may facilitate understanding the neurophysiological basis and precision treatment for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Cheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xijian Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haibo Qu
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoxiang Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310063, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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17
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Altered intrinsic default mode network functional connectivity in patients with remitted geriatric depression and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:703-714. [PMID: 34635195 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610221001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with geriatric depression exhibit a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild to severe cognitive impairment which could potentially lead to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the study is to assess the alterations of the default mode network (DMN) in remitted geriatric depression (RGD) patients and whether it could serve as an underlying neuropathological mechanism associated with the risk of progression of AD. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 154 participants, comprising 66 RGD subjects (which included 27 patients with comorbid amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI] and 39 without aMCI [RGD]), 45 aMCI subjects without a history of depression (aMCI), and 43 matched healthy comparisons (HC), were recruited. MEASUREMENTS All participants completed neuropsychological tests and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)-seeded DMN functional connectivity (FC) along with cognitive function were compared among the four groups, and correlation analyses were conducted. RESULTS In contrast to HC, RGD, aMCI, and RGD-aMCI subjects showed significant impairment across all domains of cognitive functions except for attention. Furthermore, compared with HC, there was a similar and significant decrease in PCC-seed FC in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus (M-SFG) in the RGD, aMCI, and RGD-aMCI groups. CONCLUSIONS The aberrations in rsFC of the DMN were associated with cognitive deficits in RGD patients and might potentially reflect an underlying neuropathological mechanism for the increased risk of developing AD. Therefore, altered connectivity in the DMN could serve as a potential neural marker for the conversion of geriatric depression to AD.
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18
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The default mode network, depression and Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:675-678. [PMID: 35918182 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610222000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Northoff G, Vatansever D, Scalabrini A, Stamatakis EA. Ongoing Brain Activity and Its Role in Cognition: Dual versus Baseline Models. Neuroscientist 2022:10738584221081752. [PMID: 35611670 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221081752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
What is the role of the brain's ongoing activity for cognition? The predominant perspectives associate ongoing brain activity with resting state, the default-mode network (DMN), and internally oriented mentation. This triad is often contrasted with task states, non-DMN brain networks, and externally oriented mentation, together comprising a "dual model" of brain and cognition. In opposition to this duality, however, we propose that ongoing brain activity serves as a neuronal baseline; this builds upon Raichle's original search for the default mode of brain function that extended beyond the canonical default-mode brain regions. That entails what we refer to as the "baseline model." Akin to an internal biological clock for the rest of the organism, the ongoing brain activity may serve as an internal point of reference or standard by providing a shared neural code for the brain's rest as well as task states, including their associated cognition. Such shared neural code is manifest in the spatiotemporal organization of the brain's ongoing activity, including its global signal topography and dynamics like intrinsic neural timescales. We conclude that recent empirical evidence supports a baseline model over the dual model; the ongoing activity provides a global shared neural code that allows integrating the brain's rest and task states, its DMN and non-DMN, and internally and externally oriented cognition.
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Depressive cognitive style relates to an individual trait of time perception in bipolar depression: a preliminary study. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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21
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Vollenweider FX, Smallridge JW. Classic Psychedelic Drugs: Update on Biological
Mechanisms. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2022; 55:121-138. [PMID: 35079988 PMCID: PMC9110100 DOI: 10.1055/a-1721-2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renewed interest in the effects of psychedelics in the treatment of psychiatric
disorders warrants a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms
underlying the effects of these substances. During the past two decades,
state-of-the-art studies of animals and humans have yielded new important
insights into the molecular, cellular, and systems-level actions of psychedelic
drugs. These efforts have revealed that psychedelics affect primarily
serotonergic receptor subtypes located in cortico-thalamic and cortico-cortical
feedback circuits of information processing. Psychedelic drugs modulate
excitatory-inhibitory balance in these circuits and can participate in
neuroplasticity within brain structures critical for the integration of
information relevant to sensation, cognition, emotions, and the narrative of
self. Neuroimaging studies showed that characteristic dimensions of the
psychedelic experience obtained through subjective questionnaires as well as
alterations in self-referential processing and emotion regulation obtained
through neuropsychological tasks are associated with distinct changes in brain
activity and connectivity patterns at multiple-system levels. These recent
results suggest that changes in self-experience, emotional processing, and
social cognition may contribute to the potential therapeutic effects of
psychedelics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz X. Vollenweider
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry,
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John W. Smallridge
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry,
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Lu X, Zhang JF, Gu F, Zhang HX, Zhang M, Zhang HS, Song RZ, Shi YC, Li K, Wang B, Zhang ZJ, Northoff G. Altered task modulation of global signal topography in the default-mode network of unmedicated major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:53-61. [PMID: 34610369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered global signal (GS) topography features in the resting-state fMRI of major depressive disorder (MDD), showing abnormally strong global signal representation in the default-mode network (DMN). Whether the abnormal local to global change also shapes activity during task states, and how it relates to psychopathological symptoms, e.g., abnormally slow time speed of motor, cognitive, and affective symptoms, remains unknown. METHODS We investigated fMRI-based GS with its topographical representation during task states in unmedicated 51 MDD subjects and 28 healthy subjects. Task-related global signal correlation (GSCORR) was probed by a novel paradigm testing the processing of negative/neutral emotions during different time speeds, i.e., slow and fast. RESULTS We observed a significant interaction between time speed and emotion of GSCORR in various DMN regions in healthy subjects. Next, we showed that MDD exhibits reduced task-related GSCORR in various DMN regions during specifically the fast processing of negative emotions. Finally, we demonstrated that GSCORR in DMN and other brain regions (motor-related regions, inferior frontal cortex) correlated with the degree of psychomotor retardation especially during the fast emotional stimuli. LIMITATIONS The measurement of interoceptive variables like respiration rate or heart rate were not included in our fMRI acquisition. CONCLUSION Together, we demonstrated the functional relevance of GS topography by showing reduced GSCORR in DMN during specifically the fast processing of negative emotions in MDD, suggesting the abnormal slowness, i.e., reduced time speed, to be a key feature of both brain and symptoms in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lu
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China; Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa(,) Institute of Mental Health Research(,) Ottawa(,) Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada; Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University(,) Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences(,) Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa(,) Institute of Mental Health Research(,) Ottawa(,) Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China; Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Xinxiang 453002, Henan Province, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-San Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Xinxiang 453002, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui-Ze Song
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Chen Shi
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kun Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Xinxiang 453002, Henan Province, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Xinxiang 453002, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China; Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang Province, China; Shenzhen institute of advanced technology, Chinese academy of sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Georg Northoff
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China; Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa(,) Institute of Mental Health Research(,) Ottawa(,) Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada; Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang Province, China; Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa(,) Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K4(,) Canada; Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang Province, China.
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23
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Cheng B, Zhou Y, Kwok VPY, Li Y, Wang S, Zhao Y, Meng Y, Deng W, Wang J. Altered Functional Connectivity Density and Couplings in Postpartum Depression with and Without Anxiety. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 17:756-766. [PMID: 34904174 PMCID: PMC9340108 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common psychological health issue among women, which often comorbids with anxiety (PPD-A). PPD and PPD-A showed highly overlapping clinical symptoms. Identifying disorder-specific neurophysiological markers of PDD and PPD-A is important for better clinical diagnosis and treatments. Here, we performed functional connectivity density (FCD) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses in 138 participants (45 unmedicated patients with first-episode PPD, 31 PDD-A patients and 62 healthy postnatal women, respectively). FCD mapping revealed specifically weaker long-range FCD in right lingual gyrus (LG.R) for PPD patients and significantly stronger long-range FCD in left ventral striatum (VS.L) for PPD-A patients. The follow-up rsFC analyses further revealed reduced functional connectivity between dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and VS.L in both PPD and PPD-A. PPD showed specific changes of rsFC between LG.R and dmPFC, right angular gyrus and left precentral gyrus, while PPD-A represented specifically abnormal rsFC between VS.L and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the altered FCD and rsFC were closely associated with depression and anxiety symptoms load. Taken together, our study is the first to identify common and disorder-specific neural circuit disruptions in PPD and PPD-A, which may facilitate more effective diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Cheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yushan Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Veronica P Y Kwok
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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24
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Harvey AR. Integrated neuroimmune processing of threat, injury, and illness: An ecological framework mapping social alienation onto lifetime health vulnerability. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100349. [PMID: 34723222 PMCID: PMC8531850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Social alienation is a pre-eminent ecological threat for humans. In clinical and social care settings its impact is acknowledged in conditions as diverse as severe mood disturbance, chronic pain, and metabolic non-communicable diseases. An integrated psychoneuroimmune perspective shows how threat, injury, healing, and recovery follow through as a continuous process, but accepted cultural and clinical paradigms separating mental from physical illness provide little common ground on which to analyse and apply this continuum in practice. By reviewing the ecological relationships between emotional threat, tissue dyshomeostasis and injury, infection, pain, and mood this article explores not only how primeval somatic responses underpin the evolutionary foundations of depression and somatisation, but also links them to escalating physical non-communicable disease through archived socioeconomic adversity (allostatic load). Social alienation (in the absence of trauma) may prime and activate this ancient repertoire in which sensitised responses lay the foundation for persistent maladaptive states of aversive sensory misinterpretation, behavioural avoidance, anhedonia, and neuroinflammation presenting as widespread non-nociceptive pain, non-pain somatisation, and severe depression. The ecological perspective illuminates perverse clinical presentations, shows how some approaches to care may facilitate self-reinforcement in maladaptive syndromes, and offers pointers for inclusive rehabilitative clinical and social care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Harvey
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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25
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Gupta A, Wolff A, Northoff DG. Extending the "resting state hypothesis of depression" - dynamics and topography of abnormal rest-task modulation. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 317:111367. [PMID: 34555652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by changes in both rest and task states as manifested in temporal dynamics (EEG) and spatial patterns (fMRI). Are rest and task changes related to each other? Extending the "Resting state hypothesis of depression" (RSHD) (Northoff et al., 2011), we, using multimodal imaging, take a tripartite approach: (i) we conduct a review of EEG studies in MDD combining both rest and task states; (ii) we present our own EEG data in MDD on brain dynamics, i.e., intrinsic neural timescales as measured by the autocorrelation window (ACW); and (iii) we review fMRI studies in MDD to probe whether different regions exhibit different rest-task modulation. Review of EEG data shows reduced rest-task change in MDD in different measures of temporal dynamics like peak frequency (and others). Notably, our own EEG data show decreased rest-task change as measured by ACW in frontal electrodes of MDD. The fMRI data reveal that different regions exhibit different rest-task relationships (normal rest-abnormal task, abnormal rest-normal task, abnormal rest-abnormal task) in MDD. Together, we demonstrate altered spatiotemporal dynamics of rest-task modulation in MDD; this further supports and extends the key role of the spontaneous activity in MDD as proposed by the RSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Gupta
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Annemarie Wolff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dr Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada; Mental Health Center, 7th hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 7th hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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Scalabrini A, Schimmenti A, De Amicis M, Porcelli P, Benedetti F, Mucci C, Northoff G. The self and its internal thought: In search for a psychological baseline. Conscious Cogn 2021; 97:103244. [PMID: 34847513 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-consciousness is neuronally associated with the brain's default mode network as its "neuronal baseline" while, psychologically the self is characterized by different thought modes and dynamics. We here raise the question whether they reflect the "psychological baseline" of the self. We investigate the psychological relationship of the self with thought modes (rumination, reflection) and mind-wandering dynamics (spontaneous, deliberate), as well as with depressive symptomatology. Our findings show a relationship between self-consciousness and i) mind-wandering dynamics, and ii) thought functional modes, in their respective forms. At the same time, self-consciousness is more related to spontaneous mind-wandering than deliberate and to rumination than reflection. Furthermore, iii) rumination acts as a mediator between self-consciousness and spontaneous mind-wandering dynamics; and iv) the relationship between high levels of self-consciousness and depressive symptoms is mediated by ruminative modes and spontaneous mind-wandering dynamics. Together, these findings support the view of the self as "psychological baseline".
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100 Chieti, CH, Italy.
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria 94100, Enna, EN, Italy
| | - Michelangelo De Amicis
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100 Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Piero Porcelli
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100 Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry &Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Mucci
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Piazzale Sant'Agostino, 2, 24129 Bergamo, BG, Italy
| | - Georg Northoff
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research & University of Ottawa. Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada; Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Tianmu Road 305, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310013, China; Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Tianmu Road 305, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310013, China; TMU Research Centre for Brain and Consciousness, Shuang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan.
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27
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Alcaro A, Brennan A, Conversi D. The SEEKING Drive and Its Fixation: A Neuro-Psycho-Evolutionary Approach to the Pathology of Addiction. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:635932. [PMID: 34475816 PMCID: PMC8406748 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.635932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-ethological studies conducted by Panksepp and his colleagues have provided an understanding of how the activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic (ML DA) system leads to the emotional disposition to SEEK/Explore, which is involved in all appetitive motivated behavior and mental activity. In pathological addiction phenomena, this emotional disposition “fixes” itself on certain obsessive-compulsive habits, losing its versatility and its natural predisposition to spontaneous and unconditioned activation. Overall, the result is a consistent disinterest in everything that is not the object of addiction. From a neuro-psycho-evolutionary point of view, the predisposition to develop addictive behavior can be attributed to a loss of “functional autonomy” of the SEEKING/Explorative disposition. Indeed, as shown by animal and human studies, the tendency to be conditioned by situations and contexts that provide an immediate reward can be closely related to a deficit in the tonic endogenous activity of the ML DA-SEEKING system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alcaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - David Conversi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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28
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Shi G, Li X, Zhu Y, Shang R, Sun Y, Guo H, Sui J. The divided brain: Functional brain asymmetry underlying self-construal. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118382. [PMID: 34252524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-construal (orientations of independence and interdependence) is a fundamental concept that guides human behaviour, and it is linked to a large number of brain regions. However, understanding the connectivity of these regions and the critical principles underlying these self-functions are lacking. Because brain activity linked to self-related processes are intrinsic, the resting-state method has received substantial attention. Here, we focused on resting-state functional connectivity matrices based on brain asymmetry as indexed by the differential partition of the connectivity located in mirrored positions of the two hemispheres, hemispheric specialization measured using the intra-hemispheric (left or right) connectivity, brain communication via inter-hemispheric interactions, and global connectivity as the sum of the two intra-hemispheric connectivity. Combining machine learning techniques with hypothesis-driven network mapping approaches, we demonstrated that orientations of independence and interdependence were best predicted by the asymmetric matrix compared to brain communication, hemispheric specialization, and global connectivity matrices. The network results revealed that there were distinct asymmetric connections between the default mode network, the salience network and the executive control network which characterise independence and interdependence. These analyses shed light on the importance of brain asymmetry in understanding how complex self-functions are optimally represented in the brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Shi
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yifan Zhu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruihong Shang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Guo
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Sui
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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29
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Belge JB, Mulders PCR, Oort JV, Diermen LV, Poljac E, Sabbe B, de Timary P, Constant E, Sienaert P, Schrijvers D, van Eijndhoven P. Movement, mood and cognition: Preliminary insights into the therapeutic effects of electroconvulsive therapy for depression through a resting-state connectivity analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 290:117-127. [PMID: 33993078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective treatment for depression but how it achieves its clinical effects remains unclear. METHODS We set out to study the brain's response to ECT from a large-scale brain-network perspective. Using a voxelwise analysis, we looked at resting-state functional connectivity before and after a course of ECT at the whole-brain and the between- and within-network levels in 17 patients with a depressive episode. Using a group-independent component analysis approach, we focused on four networks known to be affected in depression: the salience network (SN), the default mode network (DMN), the cognitive executive network (CEN), and a subcortical network (SCN). Our clinical measures included mood, cognition, and psychomotor symptoms. RESULTS We found ECT to have increased the connectivity of the left CEN with the left angular gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus as well as its within-network connectivity. Both the right CEN and the SCN showed increased connectivity with the precuneus and the anterior DMN with the left amygdala. Finally, improvement of psychomotor retardation was positively correlated with an increase of within-posterior DMN connectivity. LIMITATIONS The limitations of our study include its small sample size and the lack of a control dataset to confirm our findings. CONCLUSION Our voxelwise data demonstrate that ECT induces a significant increase of connectivity across the whole brain and at the within-network level. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence on the association between an increase of within-posterior DMN connectivity and an improvement of psychomotor retardation, a core symptom of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Baptist Belge
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Stationstraat 22, Duffel 2570, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Adult Psychiatry Department and Institute of Neuroscience, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.
| | - Peter C R Mulders
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Huispost 961, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Van Oort
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Huispost 961, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Van Diermen
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Stationstraat 22, Duffel 2570, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Psychiatric Center Bethanië, Andreas Vesaliuslaan 39, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium
| | - Ervin Poljac
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Stationstraat 22, Duffel 2570, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bernard Sabbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Stationstraat 22, Duffel 2570, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Adult Psychiatry Department and Institute of Neuroscience, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Eric Constant
- Adult Psychiatry Department and Institute of Neuroscience, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Didier Schrijvers
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Stationstraat 22, Duffel 2570, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Huispost 961, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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30
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[The sensorimotor domain in the research domain criteria system: progress and perspectives]. DER NERVENARZT 2021; 92:915-924. [PMID: 34115150 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades research interest in hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, sensorimotor and psychomotor abnormalities in mental disorders has steadily increased. This development has led to an increasing number of scientific initiatives that have not only highlighted the clinical need for early detection of extrapyramidal motor symptoms, tardive dyskinesia and catatonia but also provided numerous neurobiological findings and clinically relevant results based on the pathology of the sensorimotor system in patients with mental disorders. In view of these developments in January 2019 the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) research domain criteria (RDoC) initiative introduced a sixth domain called the sensorimotor domain to address deficits in the sensorimotor system and associated behavioral abnormalities. To draw attention to the rapid progress just since the introduction of the sensorimotor domain, a 2-year (1 January 2019-18 February 2021) systematic review is presented highlighting recent neuroimaging findings and discussing challenges for future research. In summary, aberrant sensorimotor processing in mental disorders is associated with dysfunction of the cerebello-thalamo-motor cortex network, which interacts with (social)cognitive and affective systems. Initial longitudinal and interventional studies highlight the translational potential of the sensorimotor domain.
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31
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Out-of-step: brain-heart desynchronization in anxiety disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1726-1737. [PMID: 33504952 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01029-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Imaging studies in anxiety disorders (AD) show abnormal functional connectivity primarily in the salience network (SN), somatomotor network (SMN), and default mode network (DMN). However, it is not clear how precisely these network changes occur including their relation to psychopathological symptoms. Here, we show that the functional networks affected in AD overlap with cortical regions that receive visceral inputs (the so-called central/visceral autonomic network). Focusing on cardiac afferents, we suggest that network changes in AD may be due to reduced phase synchronization between ongoing neural and cardiac activity. This neuro-cardiac desynchronization occurs due to the abnormal phase resetting of neural activity at the onset of each heartbeat, as measured by a lower intertrial coherence and heartbeat-evoked potential. Biochemically, cardiac afferents reach subcortical serotonergic raphe nuclei and noradrenergic locus coeruleus (among others) which, in turn, are known to reciprocally modulate the DMN and SMN/SN on the cortical level. Consistent with the network changes in AD, decreases in serotonergic and noradrenergic activity are known to increase connectivity in both SMN and SN while, at the same time, they decrease DMN connectivity. SMN and SN increases, in turn, lead to increased emotional arousal/anxiety and bodily awareness whereas decreased DMN connectivity leads to an unstable sense-of-self in AD. Finally, we integrate our proposal with interoceptive predictive processing models suggesting neuro-cardiac desynchronization as a mechanism for "noisy" bottom-up information leading to a persistently uncertain bodily state in top-down models. In sum, integrating theories on active interference and hyperarousal, we propose a precise neuro-cardiac and biochemically -driven mechanisms for key psychopathological symptoms of AD.
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32
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Marchitelli R, Paillère-Martinot ML, Bourvis N, Guerin-Langlois C, Kipman A, Trichard C, Douniol M, Stordeur C, Galinowski A, Filippi I, Bertschy G, Weibel S, Granger B, Limosin F, Cohen D, Martinot JL, Artiges E. Dynamic functional connectivity in adolescence-onset major depression: relationships with severity and symptom dimensions. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:385-396. [PMID: 34051395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spatial functional chronnectome is an innovative mathematical model designed to capture dynamic features in the organization of brain function derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. Measurements of dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) have been developed from this model to quantify the brain dynamical self-reconfigurations at different spatial and temporal scales. This study examined whether two spatiotemporal dFC quantifications were linked to late adolescence-onset major depressive disorder (AO-MDD), and scaled with depression and symptom severity measured with the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS) Methods: Thirty-five AO-MDD patients (21±6y) and fifty-three age- and gender-matched healthy young participants (20±3y) underwent 3T MRI structural and rs-fMRI acquisitions. The chronnectome here comprised seven individualized functional networks portrayed along 132 temporal overlapping windows, each framing 110s of resting brain activity Results: Based on voxelwise analyses, AO-MDD patients demonstrated significantly reduced temporal variability within the bilateral prefrontal cortex in five functional networks including the limbic network, the default-mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN). Furthermore, the limbic network appeared to be particularly involved in this sample, and was associated with MADRS scores, and its progressive dynamic inflexibility was linked to sadness. DMN and FPN dynamics scaled with negative thoughts and neurovegetative symptoms, respectively Conclusions: This triple-network imbalance could delay spatiotemporal integration, while across-subject symptom variability would be network-specific. Therefore, the present approach supports that brain network dynamics underlie patients' symptom heterogeneity in AO-MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Marchitelli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Bourvis
- Maison des Adolescents du Var (MDA83), Pôle de Psychiatrie Infanto-Juvénile, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Toulon - la Seyne sur mer, Toulon, France
| | - Christophe Guerin-Langlois
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Hôpital Corentin Celton, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Kipman
- Psychiatry Department, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christian Trichard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Marie Douniol
- Centre médico-psychologique pour adolescents, Sceaux, France
| | - Coline Stordeur
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - André Galinowski
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Irina Filippi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Bertschy
- Psychiatry Department, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1114, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Weibel
- Psychiatry Department, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1114, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Granger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Psychiatry Department, Tarnier Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Hôpital Corentin Celton, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
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Wang Y, Hu X, Han J, Scalabrini A, Hu Y, Hu Z, Tan Z, Zhang J, Northoff G. Time is of essence - Abnormal time perspectives mediate the impact of childhood trauma on depression severity. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:534-541. [PMID: 33153758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted mental disorder where participants, in addition to various symptoms, often suffer from increased focus on past time perspective and higher incidence of childhood trauma. Whether the abnormal time perspective is a result of the depressive symptoms or, alternatively, mediates between childhood trauma and depression remains unclear. AIMS To examine the triangular relationship between early life trauma, time perspective, and depressive symptoms. METHOD We investigated a large-scale MDD sample (n = 93) and healthy subject sample (n = 69) with Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck hopelessness scale (BHS), childhood traumatic questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and the Zimbardo time perspective inventory (ZTPI). RESULTS The MDD patients reported more childhood trauma experiences, and were featured by abnormal time perspectives on past and future when compared to healthy control. By applying two alternative mediation models, we observed that the time perspective acted as a mediator between childhood trauma and depressive symptom severity, rather than as a consequence of depressive symptom. Furthermore, this abnormal time perspective was a risk factor to MDD, as the childhood trauma only mediated the time perspective in MDD. Finally, we showed that time perspective was a long-term personal trait and unchanged after the remission of depression symptoms under five-day transcranial magnetic stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal time perspective mediates the impact of early childhood trauma on depressive symptomatology. Besides better understanding of the temporal basis of depressive symptoms, we highlight the importance of preventive time perspective therapy in subjects with childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Hu
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfang Han
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d'Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Yuting Hu
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zhiguo Hu
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonglin Tan
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Georg Northoff
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Alterations of core structural network connectome associated with suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder patients. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:243. [PMID: 33895787 PMCID: PMC8068724 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide ideation (SI) is a most high-risk clinical sign for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether the rich-club network organization as a core structural network is associated with SI and how the related neural circuits are distributed in MDD patients remain unknown. Total 177 participants including 69 MDD patients with SI (MDDSI), 58 MDD without SI (MDDNSI) and 50 cognitively normal (CN) subjects were recruited and completed neuropsychological tests and diffusion-tensor imaging scan. The rich-club organization was identified and the global and regional topological properties of structural networks, together with the brain connectivity of specific neural circuit architectures, were analyzed. Further, the support vector machine (SVM) learning was applied in classifying MDDSI or MDDNSI from CN subjects. MDDSI and MDDNSI patients both exhibited disrupted rich-club organizations. However, MDDSI patients showed that the differential network was concentrated on the non-core low-level network and significantly destroyed betweeness centrality was primarily located in the regional non-hub regions relative to MDDNSI patients. The differential structural network connections involved the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the corpus callosum were incorporated in the cognitive control circuit and default mode network. Finally, the feeder serves as a potentially powerful indicator for distinguishing MDDSI patients from MDDNSI or CN subjects. The altered rich-club organization provides new clues to understand the underlying pathogenesis of MDD patients, and the feeder was useful as a diagnostic neuroimaging biomarker for differentiating MDD patients with or without SI.
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Borserio BJ, Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Sarmukadam K, Fourie PJ, Agnew LL. Default mode network activity in depression subtypes. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:597-613. [PMID: 33583166 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression continues to carry a major disease burden worldwide, with limitations on the success of traditional pharmacological or psychological treatments. Recent approaches have therefore focused upon the neurobiological underpinnings of depression, and on the "individualization" of depression symptom profiles. One such model of depression has divided the standard diagnostic criteria into four "depression subtypes", with neurological and behavioral pathways. At the same time, attention has been focused upon the region of the brain known as the "default mode network" (DMN) and its role in attention and problem-solving. However, to date, no review has been published of the links between the DMN and the four subtypes of depression. By searching the literature studies from the last 20 years, 62 relevant papers were identified, and their findings are described for the association they demonstrate between aspects of the DMN and the four depression subtypes. It is apparent from this review that there are potential positive clinical and therapeutic outcomes from focusing upon DMN activation and connectivity, via psychological therapies, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and some emerging pharmacological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Borserio
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher F Sharpley
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Queen Elizabeth Drive, Armidale, NSW2351, Australia
| | - Vicki Bitsika
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimaya Sarmukadam
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip J Fourie
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda L Agnew
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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A Social Affective Neuroscience Model of Risk and Resilience in Adolescent Depression: Preliminary Evidence and Application to Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:188-199. [PMID: 33097468 PMCID: PMC9912296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a disorder of dysregulated affective and social functioning, with attenuated response to reward, heightened response to threat (perhaps especially social threat), excessive focus on negative aspects of the self, ineffective engagement with other people, and difficulty modulating all of these responses. Known risk factors provide a starting point for a model of developmental pathways to resilience, and we propose that the interplay of social threat experiences and neural social-affective systems is critical to those pathways. We describe a model of risk and resilience, review supporting evidence, and apply the model to sexual and gender minority adolescents, a population with high disparities in depression and unique social risk factors. This approach illustrates the fundamental role of a socially and developmentally informed clinical neuroscience model for understanding a population disproportionately affected by risk factors and psychopathology outcomes. We consider it a public health imperative to apply conceptual models to high-need populations to elucidate targets for effective interventions to promote healthy development and enhance resilience.
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Stanghellini G, Ballerini M, Fernandez AV, Cutting J, Mancini M. Abnormal Body Phenomena in Persons with Major Depressive Disorder. Psychopathology 2021; 54:203-213. [PMID: 34062548 DOI: 10.1159/000514642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorders, despite being classified as mood or affective disorders, are known to include disturbances in the experience of body, space, time, and intersubjectivity. However, current diagnostic manuals largely ignore these aspects of depressive experience. In this article, we use phenomenological accounts of embodiment as a theoretical foundation for a qualitative study of abnormal body phenomena (ABP) in depressive disorders. METHODS 550 patients affected by schizophrenic and affective disorders were interviewed in a clinical setting. Interviews sought to uncover the qualitative features of experiences through self-descriptions. Clinical files were subsequently digitized and re-examined using consensual qualitative research. RESULTS Ninety-nine out of 100 patients with MDD reported at least one ABP. From cross-analysis of the MDD sample, we obtained 4 general categories of ABP, 3 of which had additional subcategories. The 4 categories include slowed embodied temporality (N = 90), anomalous vital rhythms (N = 82), worries about one's body (N = 22), and body deformation (N = 47). CONCLUSIONS The results provide empirical evidence in support of theoretical discussions of embodiment in MDD found in the work of classical and contemporary phenomenologists. The findings also provide nuanced insight into the experience of persons living with MDD. Some categories of ABP, like slowed embodied temporality, can help to finely characterize psychomotor retardation or the so-called "medically unexplained symptoms" (MUS). This fine-tuned characterization can help to connect MUS to neuropsychological and neurobiological (e.g., alterations of interoceptive processes linked to anomalies of the brain resting-state hypothesis) and inflammatory (e.g., studies linking environmental stressors, inflammation mediators, and neurovegetative and affective symptoms) models of MDD. Our results can also support a pathogenic model of MDD, which posits, on the phenomenal level, ABP as the point of departure for the development of secondary symptoms including cognitive elaborations of these, namely, delusions about the body. Moreover, some of the categories, when contrasted with phenomenological qualitative studies of other disorders, provide conceptual resources of differential diagnosis and of identifying a "depressive core syndrome." For example, findings within category 4, deformation of the body, provide resources for using ABP to distinguish between MDD and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Stanghellini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,D. Portales' University, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Anthony Vincent Fernandez
- Department of Philosophy, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.,Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Cutting
- Kings College Hospital in London and the Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Mancini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
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All roads lead to the motor cortex: psychomotor mechanisms and their biochemical modulation in psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:92-102. [PMID: 32555423 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychomotor abnormalities have been abundantly observed in psychiatric disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCH). Although early psychopathological descriptions highlighted the truly psychomotor nature of these abnormalities, more recent investigations conceive them rather in purely motor terms. This has led to an emphasis of dopamine-based abnormalities in subcortical-cortical circuits including substantia nigra, basal ganglia, thalamus, and motor cortex. Following recent findings in MDD, BD, and SCH, we suggest a concept of psychomotor symptoms in the literal sense of the term by highlighting three specifically psychomotor (rather than motor) mechanisms including their biochemical modulation. These include: (i) modulation of dopamine- and substantia nigra-based subcortical-cortical motor circuit by primarily non-motor subcortical raphe nucleus and serotonin via basal ganglia and thalamus (as well as by other neurotransmitters like glutamate and GABA); (ii) modulation of motor cortex and motor network by non-motor cortical networks like default-mode network and sensory networks; (iii) global activity in cortex may also shape regional distribution of neural activity in motor cortex. We demonstrate that these three psychomotor mechanisms and their underlying biochemical modulation are operative in both healthy subjects as well as in MDD, BD, and SCH subjects; the only difference consists in the fact that these mechanisms are abnormally balanced and thus manifest in extreme values in psychiatric disorders. We conclude that psychomotor mechanisms operate in a dimensional and cross-nosological way as their degrees of expression are related to levels of psychomotor activity (across different disorders) rather than to the diagnostic categories themselves. Psychomotor mechanisms and their biochemical modulation can be considered paradigmatic examples of a dimensional approach as suggested in RDoC and the recently introduced spatiotemporal psychopathology.
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Signorelli CM, Uhrig L, Kringelbach M, Jarraya B, Deco G. Hierarchical disruption in the cortex of anesthetized monkeys as a new signature of consciousness loss. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117618. [PMID: 33307225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia induces a reconfiguration of the repertoire of functional brain states leading to a high function-structure similarity. However, it is unclear how these functional changes lead to loss of consciousness. Here we suggest that the mechanism of conscious access is related to a general dynamical rearrangement of the intrinsic hierarchical organization of the cortex. To measure cortical hierarchy, we applied the Intrinsic Ignition analysis to resting-state fMRI data acquired in awake and anesthetized macaques. Our results reveal the existence of spatial and temporal hierarchical differences of neural activity within the macaque cortex, with a strong modulation by the depth of anesthesia and the employed anesthetic agent. Higher values of Intrinsic Ignition correspond to rich and flexible brain dynamics whereas lower values correspond to poor and rigid, structurally driven brain dynamics. Moreover, spatial and temporal hierarchical dimensions are disrupted in a different manner, involving different hierarchical brain networks. All together suggest that disruption of brain hierarchy is a new signature of consciousness loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Miguel Signorelli
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, UK; Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U992, France; Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain.
| | - Lynn Uhrig
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U992, France; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, NeuroSpin Center, France; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Necker Hospital, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Sainte-Anne Hospital, University Paris Descartes, France
| | - Morten Kringelbach
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark; Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Bechir Jarraya
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U992, France; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, NeuroSpin Center, France; Neurosurgery Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain; Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Spain; Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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40
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Functional abnormalities in first-episode major depressive disorder with somatic pain. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Shao R, Liu HL, Huang CM, Chen YL, Gao M, Lee SH, Lin C, Lee TMC. Loneliness and depression dissociated on parietal-centered networks in cognitive and resting states. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2691-2701. [PMID: 31615593 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived loneliness, an increasingly prevalent social issue, is closely associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neural mechanisms previously implicated in key cognitive and affective processes in loneliness and MDD still remain unclear. Such understanding is critical for delineating the psychobiological basis of the relationship between loneliness and MDD. METHODS We isolated the unique and interactive cognitive and neural substrates of loneliness and MDD among 27 MDD patients (mean age = 51.85 years, 20 females), and 25 matched healthy controls (HCs; mean age = 48.72 years, 19 females). We assessed participants' behavioral performance and neural regional and network functions on a Stroop color-word task, and their resting-state neural connectivity. RESULTS Behaviorally, we found greater incongruence-related accuracy cost in MDD patients, but reduced incongruence effect on reaction time in lonelier individuals. When performing the Stroop task, loneliness positively predicted prefrontal-anterior cingulate-parietal connectivity across all participants, whereas MDD patients showed a decrease in connectivity compared to controls. Furthermore, loneliness negatively predicted parietal and cerebellar activities in MDD patients, but positively predicted the same activities in HCs. During resting state, MDD patients showed reduced parietal-anterior cingulate connectivity, which again positively correlated with loneliness in this group. CONCLUSIONS We speculate the distinct neurocognitive profile of loneliness might indicate increase in both bottom-up attention and top-down executive control functions. However, the upregulated cognitive control processes in lonely individuals may eventually become exhausted, which may in turn predispose to MDD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Ling Liu
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Mengxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Shwu-Hua Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chemin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China
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Zilio F, Gomez-Pilar J, Cao S, Zhang J, Zang D, Qi Z, Tan J, Hiromi T, Wu X, Fogel S, Huang Z, Hohmann MR, Fomina T, Synofzik M, Grosse-Wentrup M, Owen AM, Northoff G. Are intrinsic neural timescales related to sensory processing? Evidence from abnormal behavioral states. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117579. [PMID: 33221441 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain exhibits a complex temporal structure which translates into a hierarchy of distinct neural timescales. An open question is how these intrinsic timescales are related to sensory or motor information processing and whether these dynamics have common patterns in different behavioral states. We address these questions by investigating the brain's intrinsic timescales in healthy controls, motor (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, locked-in syndrome), sensory (anesthesia, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome), and progressive reduction of sensory processing (from awake states over N1, N2, N3). We employed a combination of measures from EEG resting-state data: auto-correlation window (ACW), power spectral density (PSD), and power-law exponent (PLE). Prolonged neural timescales accompanied by a shift towards slower frequencies were observed in the conditions with sensory deficits, but not in conditions with motor deficits. Our results establish that the spontaneous activity's intrinsic neural timescale is related to the neural capacity that specifically supports sensory rather than motor information processing in the healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Zilio
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Shumei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengxin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxing Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tanigawa Hiromi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehai Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stuart Fogel
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | - Zirui Huang
- Center for Consciousness Science, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthias R Hohmann
- Department for Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatiana Fomina
- Department for Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Grosse-Wentrup
- Research Group Neuroinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrian M Owen
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Bretl BL. Neural and Linguistic Considerations for Assessing Moral Intuitions Using Text-Based Stimuli. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 155:90-114. [PMID: 33180682 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2020.1832034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review takes a focused look at neural and linguistic considerations for assessing moral intuitions using text-based stimuli. Relevant neural correlates of moral salience, emotional processing, moral emotions (shame and guilt), semantic processing, implicit stereotype activation (e.g., gender, age, and race stereotypes), and functional brain network development (the default mode network and salience network) are considered insofar as they relate to unique considerations for text-based instruments. What emerge are not only key considerations for researchers assessing moral intuitions using text-based stimuli but also considerations for the study of moral psychology more broadly, especially in developmental and educational contexts.
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Scalabrini A, Vai B, Poletti S, Damiani S, Mucci C, Colombo C, Zanardi R, Benedetti F, Northoff G. All roads lead to the default-mode network-global source of DMN abnormalities in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2058-2069. [PMID: 32740651 PMCID: PMC7547732 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in various neural networks and especially in default-mode network (DMN). However, inconsistent findings, i.e., increased and decreased DMN rsFC, have been reported, which raise the question for the source of DMN changes in MDD. Testing whether the DMN abnormalities in MDD can be traced to either a local, i.e., intra-network, or a global, i.e., inter-network, source, we conducted a novel sequence of rsFC analyses, i.e., global FC, intra-network FC, and inter-network FC. Moreover, all analyses were conducted without global signal regression (non-GSR) and with GSR in order to identify the impact of specifically the global component of functional connectivity on within-network functional connectivity within specifically the DMN. In MDD our findings demonstrate (i) increased representation of global signal correlation (GSCORR) in DMN regions, as confirmed independently by degree of centrality (DC) and by an independent DMN template, (ii) increased within-network DMN rsFC, (iii) highly increased inter-network rsFC of both lower- and higher order non-DMN networks with DMN, (iv) high accuracy in classifying MDD vs. healthy subjects by using GSCORR as predictor. Further supporting the global, i.e., non-DMN source of within-network rsFC of the DMN, all results were obtained only when including the global signal, i.e., non-GSR, but not when conducting GSR. Together, we show for the first time increased global signal representation within rsFC of DMN as stemming from inter-network sources as distinguished from local sources, i.e., within- or intra-DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti (CH), Italy. .,Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Vai
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,grid.15496.3fDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,grid.15496.3fDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Damiani
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Mucci
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- grid.15496.3fDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4 Canada
| | - Raffaella Zanardi
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4 Canada
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,grid.15496.3fDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Georg Northoff
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. .,The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada. .,Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Tianmu Road 305, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Tianmu Road 305, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China.
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45
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Dan R, Reuveni I, Canetti L, Weinstock M, Segman R, Goelman G, Bonne O. Trait-related changes in brain network topology in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Horm Behav 2020; 124:104782. [PMID: 32470339 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The female predominance in the prevalence of depression is partially accounted by reactivity to hormonal fluctuations. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a reproductive subtype of depression characterized by cyclic emotional and somatic symptoms that recur before menstruation. Despite the growing understanding that most psychiatric disorders arise from dysfunctions in distributed brain circuits, the brain's functional connectome and its network properties of segregation and integration were not investigated in PMDD. To this end, we examined the brain's functional network organization in PMDD using graph theoretical analysis. 24 drug naïve women with PMDD and 27 controls without premenstrual symptoms underwent 2 resting-state fMRI scans, during the mid-follicular and late-luteal menstrual cycle phases. Functional connectivity MRI, graph theory metrics, and levels of sex hormones were computed during each menstrual phase. Altered network topology was found in PMDD across symptomatic and remitted stages in major graph metrics (characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, transitivity, local and global efficiency, centrality), indicating decreased functional network segregation and increased functional network integration. In addition, PMDD patients exhibited hypoconnectivity of the anterior temporal lobe and hyperconnectivity of the basal ganglia and thalamus, across menstrual phases. Furthermore, the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and PMDD was mediated by specific patterns of functional connectivity, including connections of the striatum, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex. The shifts in the functional connectome and its topology in PMDD may suggest trait vulnerability markers of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Dan
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inbal Reuveni
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Laura Canetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Segman
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gadi Goelman
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Omer Bonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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46
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Xie CM, Zhang M, Shi Y, Song R, Lu X, Zhang H, Li K, Wang B, Yang Y, Li X, Zhu J, Zhao Y, Yuan TF, Northoff G. Task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neuronavigation for the treatment of depression by individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the visual cortex. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:96-106. [PMID: 32542515 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the visual cortex (VC) provides effective and well-tolerated treatment and whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures functional change of the VC as a biomarker of therapeutic effect in major depressive disorder (MDD), we performed a sham-controlled, double-blind, randomized, three-arm VC rTMS treatment study in 74 MDD patients. Neuronavigated rTMS (10 Hz, 90% of resting motor threshold, 1,600 pulses over 20 min twice per day) was performed over the VC for five days. Clinical outcome was measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) at days 0, 1, 3, 5 and after terminating rTMS, with follow-up at four weeks. MRI was measured at days 0 and 5. The individualized group exhibited the greatest change in HAMD-24 scores after VC rTMS for 5 days (F=5.53, P=0.005), which were maintained during follow-up period (F=4.22, P=0.016). All patients reported good tolerance. Changes in VC task-related functional MRI correlated with symptomatic reduction in the individualized group. Treatment reduced the initially abnormal increase in resting state functional connectivity from the VC to the pre/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex at day 5, especially in the individualized group. We demonstrated therapeutic potential and good tolerance of VC rTMS in MDD patients, indicated by biomarkers of fMRI measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Mental Health Center and 7th Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Chun-Ming Xie
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yachen Shi
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruize Song
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Xianrui Li
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jianli Zhu
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Deaprtment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Georg Northoff
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Mental Health Center and 7th Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
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47
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Arias JA, Williams C, Raghvani R, Aghajani M, Baez S, Belzung C, Booij L, Busatto G, Chiarella J, Fu CH, Ibanez A, Liddell BJ, Lowe L, Penninx BWJH, Rosa P, Kemp AH. The neuroscience of sadness: A multidisciplinary synthesis and collaborative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 111:199-228. [PMID: 32001274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sadness is typically characterized by raised inner eyebrows, lowered corners of the mouth, reduced walking speed, and slumped posture. Ancient subcortical circuitry provides a neuroanatomical foundation, extending from dorsal periaqueductal grey to subgenual anterior cingulate, the latter of which is now a treatment target in disorders of sadness. Electrophysiological studies further emphasize a role for reduced left relative to right frontal asymmetry in sadness, underpinning interest in the transcranial stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as an antidepressant target. Neuroimaging studies - including meta-analyses - indicate that sadness is associated with reduced cortical activation, which may contribute to reduced parasympathetic inhibitory control over medullary cardioacceleratory circuits. Reduced cardiac control may - in part - contribute to epidemiological reports of reduced life expectancy in affective disorders, effects equivalent to heavy smoking. We suggest that the field may be moving toward a theoretical consensus, in which different models relating to basic emotion theory and psychological constructionism may be considered as complementary, working at different levels of the phylogenetic hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Arias
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis, and Operational Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Claire Williams
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Rashmi Raghvani
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, GGZ InGeest Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Julian Chiarella
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hy Fu
- School of Psychology, University of East London, United Kingdom; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Autonoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia; Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ARC), New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Leroy Lowe
- Neuroqualia (NGO), Turo, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, GGZ InGeest Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew H Kemp
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Discipline of Psychiatry, and School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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48
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Mak ADP, Ho YM, Leung ONW, Chou IWY, Lui R, Wong S, Yeung DKW, Chu WCW, Edden R, Chan S, Lam L, Wu J. Unaltered Brain GABA Concentrations and Resting fMRI Activity in Functional Dyspepsia With and Without Comorbid Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:549749. [PMID: 33061916 PMCID: PMC7518235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.549749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GABA-deficit characterizes depression (MDD), which is highly comorbid with Functional Dyspepsia (FD). We examined brain GABA concentrations and resting activities in post-prandial distress subtype FD (FD-PDS) patients with and without MDD. METHODS 24 female age/education-matched FD-PDS with comorbid MDD (FD-PDS-MDD), non-depressed FD-PDS, and healthy controls each were compared on GABA concentrations, resting fMRI (fALFF) in bilateral pregenual anterior cingulate (pgACC), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), insula, and somatosensory cortex (SSC). RESULTS FD-PDS-MDD patients had mild though elevated depressive symptoms. FD-PDS patients had generally mild dyspeptic symptoms. No significant between-group differences in GABA or fALFF were found. No significant correlations were found between GABA and depressive/dyspeptic symptoms after Bonferroni correction. In patients, GABA correlated positively with left insula fALFF (r = 0.38, Bonferroni-corrected p = .03). CONCLUSION We did not find altered GABA concentrations or brain resting activity in FD-PDS or its MDD comorbidity. The neurochemical link between MDD and FD remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D P Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuen Man Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Owen N W Leung
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Idy Wing Yi Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rashid Lui
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David K W Yeung
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie C W Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sandra Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Linda Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Justin Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Kato Y, Takei Y, Umeda S, Mimura M, Fukuda M. Alterations of Heartbeat Evoked Magnetic Fields Induced by Sounds of Disgust. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:683. [PMID: 32792994 PMCID: PMC7387694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of the models of emotional processing attribute subjective emotional feelings to physiological changes in the internal milieu, which are sensed by the interoceptive system. These physiological reactions evoked by emotional phenomena occur via the autonomic nervous system, and give rise to alterations in body-mind interactions that are characterized by heartbeat evoked magnetic fields (HEFs) involving brain regions associated with emotional perception. The current study used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine regional cortical activity and connectivity changes in HEFs provoked by the emotion of disgust. MEG results from 39 healthy subjects (22 female) revealed that passively listening to sounds of disgust elicited right insular cortical activity and enhancement of cortical connectivity between the right anterior ventral insular cortex and left ventromedial prefrontal cortex, demonstrated by phase lag indexes in the beta frequency range. Furthermore, inter-trial coherence significantly increased at 19 Hz and 23 Hz, and decreased at 14 Hz, which highlights the involvement of low beta oscillations in emotional processing. As these results were based on spontaneously triggered bioelectrical signals, more indigenous and induced signals were extracted with a block designed experiment. The insular cortices play an important role in emotional regulation and perception as the main cortical target for signals with interoceptive information, providing direct substrates of emotional feelings. The current results provide a novel insight into frequency properties of emotional processing, and suggest that emotional arousal evoked by listening to sounds of disgust partially impact the autonomic nervous system, altering HEFs via connectivity changes in the right anterior ventral insular cortex and left ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kato
- Tsutsuji Mental Hospital, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takei
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umeda
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Fukuda
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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50
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Northoff G. Anxiety Disorders and the Brain's Resting State Networks: From Altered Spatiotemporal Synchronization to Psychopathological Symptoms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1191:71-90. [PMID: 32002923 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders include a variety of different disorders including panic disorder (PD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and phobias. We here focus our review on GAD, SAD, and PD and put a specific emphasis on resting state networks and the coupling between the brain and the heart as all anxiety disorders exhibit abnormal perception of their own heartbeat in some way or the other. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) studies demonstrate abnormalities in default-mode network (DMN) in all anxiety disorders, e.g., mostly decreases in rsFC of DMN. In contrast, resting state fMRI shows increased rsFC in salience network (SN) (SAD, GAD) and/or somato-motor/sensory network (SMN) (PD). Since rsFC is coherence- or phase-based operating in the infraslow frequency domain (0.01-0.1 Hz), these data suggest spatiotemporal hypo- or hyper-synchronization in DMN and SMN/SN, respectively. These abnormalities in the neural network's spatiotemporal synchronization may, in turn, impact phase-based temporal synchronization of neural and cardiac activities resulting in decreased (DMN) or increased (SMN/SN) neuro-cardiac coupling in anxiety disorders. That, in turn, may be related to the various psychopathological symptoms like unstable sense of self (as based on unstable DMN showing spatiotemporal hypo-synchronization), increased emotions and specifically anxiety (as related to increased SN showing spatiotemporal hyper-synchronization), and increased bodily awareness (mediated by increased SMN with spatiotemporal hyper-synchronization) in anxiety disorders. Taken together, we here suggest altered spatiotemporal synchronization of neural and cardiac activity within the brain's resting state to underlie various psychopathological symptoms in anxiety disorders. Such spatiotemporal basis of psychopathological symptoms is well compatible with the recently suggested "Spatiotemporal Psychopathology."
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Northoff
- EJLB-Michael Smith Chair for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Royal Ottawa Healthcare Group, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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