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Bharadwaj R, Nath P, Phukan JK, Deb K, Gogoi V, Bhattacharyya DK, Barah P. Integrative ceRNA network analysis identifies unique and shared molecular signatures in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:47-57. [PMID: 38843579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/29/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar Disorder (BPD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ) are complex psychiatric disorders with shared symptomatology and genetic risk factors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders is crucial for refining diagnostic criteria and guiding targeted treatments. In this study, publicly available RNA-seq data from post-mortem samples of the basal ganglia's striatum were analyzed using an integrative computational approach to identify differentially expressed (DE) transcripts associated with SCZ and BPD. The analysis aimed to reveal both shared and distinct genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and to construct competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks within the striatum. Furthermore, the functional implications of these identified transcripts are explored, alongside their presence in established databases such as BipEx and SCHEMA. A significant outcome of our analysis was the identification of 21 DEmRNAs and 1 DElncRNA shared between BPD and SCZ across the Caudate, Putamen, and Nucleus Accumbens. Another noteworthy finding was the identification of Hub nodes within the ceRNA networks that were linked to major psychosis. Particularly, MED19, HNRNPC, MAGED4B, KDM5A, GOLGA7, CHASERR, hsa-miR-4778-3p, hsa-miR-4739, and hsa-miR-4685-5p emerged as potential biomarkers. These findings shed light on the common and unique molecular signatures underlying BPD and SCZ, offering significant potential for the advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies tailored to these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachayita Bharadwaj
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Prangan Nath
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Jadab Kishore Phukan
- Department of Biochemistry, Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health (LGBRIMH), Sonitpur, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | - Kunal Deb
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health (LGBRIMH), Sonitpur, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | - Vijay Gogoi
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health (LGBRIMH), Sonitpur, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | - Dhruba Kumar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pankaj Barah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, 784028, Assam, India.
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Sotelo-Ramírez CE, Camarena B, Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Zaragoza-Hoyos JU, Ordoñez-Martínez B, Escamilla-Orozco RI, Gómez-González B. Toll-Like Receptor ( TLR) 1, 2, and 6 Gene Polymorphisms Support Evidence of Innate Immune Factors in Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2353-2361. [PMID: 37936867 PMCID: PMC10627067 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s420952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder with an important genetic contribution. Immunological abnormalities have been reported in schizophrenia. Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes play an important role in the activation of the innate immune response, which may help to explain the presence of inflammation in people with this disorder. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 gene polymorphisms in the etiology of schizophrenia. Methods We included 582 patients with schizophrenia and 525 healthy controls. Genetic analysis was performed using allelic discrimination with TaqMan probes. Results We observed significant differences between patients and controls in the genotype and allele frequencies of TLR1/rs4833093 (χ2 = 17.3, p = 0.0002; χ2 = 15.9, p = 0.0001, respectively) and TLR2/rs5743709 (χ2 = 29.5, p = 0.00001; χ2 = 7.785, p = 0.0053, respectively), and in the allele frequencies of TLR6/rs3775073 (χ2 = 31.1, p = 0.00001). Finally, we found an interaction between the TLR1/rs4833093 and TLR2/rs5743709 genes, which increased the risk of developing schizophrenia (OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.75, 3.01]). Discussion Our findings add to the evidence suggesting that the activation of innate immune response might play an important role in the development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo E Sotelo-Ramírez
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, México
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Julio Uriel Zaragoza-Hoyos
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruno Ordoñez-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raul I Escamilla-Orozco
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz Gómez-González
- Área de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
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Mizrahi L, Choudhary A, Ofer P, Goldberg G, Milanesi E, Kelsoe JR, Gurwitz D, Alda M, Gage FH, Stern S. Immunoglobulin genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines discern and predict lithium response in bipolar disorder patients. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4280-4293. [PMID: 37488168 PMCID: PMC10827667 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a neuropsychiatric mood disorder manifested by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. More than half of BD patients are non-responsive to lithium, the first-line treatment drug, complicating BD clinical management. Given its unknown etiology, it is pertinent to understand the genetic signatures that lead to variability in lithium response. We discovered a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) of 10 controls and 19 BD patients belonging mainly to the immunoglobulin gene family that can be used as potential biomarkers to diagnose and treat BD. Importantly, we trained machine learning algorithms on our datasets that predicted the lithium response of BD subtypes with minimal errors, even when used on a different cohort of 24 BD patients acquired by a different laboratory. This proves the scalability of our methodology for predicting lithium response in BD and for a prompt and suitable decision on therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Mizrahi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Ashwani Choudhary
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Polina Ofer
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Gabriela Goldberg
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
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Kamran M, Bibi F, ur. Rehman A, Morris DW. Major Depressive Disorder: Existing Hypotheses about Pathophysiological Mechanisms and New Genetic Findings. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:646. [PMID: 35456452 PMCID: PMC9025468 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder generally characterized by symptoms associated with mood, pleasure and effectiveness in daily life activities. MDD is ranked as a major contributor to worldwide disability. The complex pathogenesis of MDD is not yet understood, and this is a major cause of failure to develop new therapies and MDD recurrence. Here we summarize the literature on existing hypotheses about the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD. We describe the different approaches undertaken to understand the molecular mechanism of MDD using genetic data. Hundreds of loci have now been identified by large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We describe these studies and how they have provided information on the biological processes, cell types, tissues and druggable targets that are enriched for MDD risk genes. We detail our understanding of the genetic correlations and causal relationships between MDD and many psychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders and traits. We highlight the challenges associated with genetic studies, including the complexity of MDD genetics in diverse populations and the need for a study of rare variants and new studies of gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.K.); (A.u.R.)
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
| | - Farhana Bibi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Asim. ur. Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.K.); (A.u.R.)
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
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Dashtban S, Haj-Nasrolah-Fard F, Kosari Z, Ghamari R, Forouzesh F, Alizadeh F. ANK3 and ZNF804A intronic variants increase risk of schizophrenia in Iranian population: An association study. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Brandão-Teles C, Smith BJ, Carregari VC. PTMs: A Missing Piece for Schizophrenia Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1382:119-127. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05460-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Francisco FR, Aono AH, da Silva CC, Gonçalves PS, Scaloppi Junior EJ, Le Guen V, Fritsche-Neto R, Souza LM, de Souza AP. Unravelling Rubber Tree Growth by Integrating GWAS and Biological Network-Based Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:768589. [PMID: 34992619 PMCID: PMC8724537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.768589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) is a large tree species of the Euphorbiaceae family with inestimable economic importance. Rubber tree breeding programs currently aim to improve growth and production, and the use of early genotype selection technologies can accelerate such processes, mainly with the incorporation of genomic tools, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS). However, few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been used successfully in MAS for complex characteristics. Recent research shows the efficiency of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for locating QTL regions in different populations. In this way, the integration of GWAS, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) methodologies, coexpression networks and enzyme networks can provide a better understanding of the molecular relationships involved in the definition of the phenotypes of interest, supplying research support for the development of appropriate genomic based strategies for breeding. In this context, this work presents the potential of using combined multiomics to decipher the mechanisms of genotype and phenotype associations involved in the growth of rubber trees. Using GWAS from a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) Hevea population, we were able to identify molecular markers in QTL regions with a main effect on rubber tree plant growth under constant water stress. The underlying genes were evaluated and incorporated into a gene coexpression network modelled with an assembled RNA-Seq-based transcriptome of the species, where novel gene relationships were estimated and evaluated through in silico methodologies, including an estimated enzymatic network. From all these analyses, we were able to estimate not only the main genes involved in defining the phenotype but also the interactions between a core of genes related to rubber tree growth at the transcriptional and translational levels. This work was the first to integrate multiomics analysis into the in-depth investigation of rubber tree plant growth, producing useful data for future genetic studies in the species and enhancing the efficiency of the species improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Roberto Francisco
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hild Aono
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina da Silva
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Gonçalves
- Center of Rubber Tree and Agroforestry Systems, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Votuporanga, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent Le Guen
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Roberto Fritsche-Neto
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Livia Moura Souza
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- São Francisco University (USF), Itatiba, Brazil
| | - Anete Pereira de Souza
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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8
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Yu QY, Lu TP, Hsiao TH, Lin CH, Wu CY, Tzeng JY, Hsiao CK. An Integrative Co-localization (INCO) Analysis for SNV and CNV Genomic Features With an Application to Taiwan Biobank Data. Front Genet 2021; 12:709555. [PMID: 34567069 PMCID: PMC8456116 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.709555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies have been a major approach to elucidating disease etiology and to exploring potential targets for treatments of many complex diseases. Statistical analyses in these studies often face the challenges of multiplicity, weak signals, and the nature of dependence among genetic markers. This situation becomes even more complicated when multi-omics data are available. To integrate the data from different platforms, various integrative analyses have been adopted, ranging from the direct union or intersection operation on sets derived from different single-platform analysis to complex hierarchical multi-level models. The former ignores the biological relationship between molecules while the latter can be hard to interpret. We propose in this study an integrative approach that combines both single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) in the same genomic unit to co-localize the concurrent effect and to deal with the sparsity due to rare variants. This approach is illustrated with simulation studies to evaluate its performance and is applied to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride measurements from Taiwan Biobank. The results show that the proposed method can more effectively detect the collective effect from both SNVs and CNVs compared to traditional methods. For the biobank analysis, the identified genetic regions including the gene VNN2 could be novel and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-You Yu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yun Wu
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Statistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jung-Ying Tzeng
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Chuhsing Kate Hsiao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nayak R, Rosh I, Kustanovich I, Stern S. Mood Stabilizers in Psychiatric Disorders and Mechanisms Learnt from In Vitro Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9315. [PMID: 34502224 PMCID: PMC8431659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia are psychiatric disorders that manifest unusual mental, behavioral, and emotional patterns leading to suffering and disability. These disorders span heterogeneous conditions with variable heredity and elusive pathophysiology. Mood stabilizers such as lithium and valproic acid (VPA) have been shown to be effective in BD and, to some extent in schizophrenia. This review highlights the efficacy of lithium and VPA treatment in several randomized, controlled human trials conducted in patients suffering from BD and schizophrenia. Furthermore, we also address the importance of using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a disease model for mirroring the disease's phenotypes. In BD, iPSC-derived neurons enabled finding an endophenotype of hyperexcitability with increased hyperpolarizations. Some of the disease phenotypes were significantly alleviated by lithium treatment. VPA studies have also reported rescuing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and reducing activity. Another significant contribution of iPSC models can be attributed to studying the molecular etiologies of schizophrenia such as abnormal differentiation of patient-derived neural stem cells, decreased neuronal connectivity and neurite number, impaired synaptic function, and altered gene expression patterns. Overall, despite significant advances using these novel models, much more work remains to fully understand the mechanisms by which these disorders affect the patients' brains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (R.N.); (I.R.); (I.K.)
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Yaple ZA, Tolomeo S, Yu R. Mapping working memory-specific dysfunction using a transdiagnostic approach. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 31:102747. [PMID: 34256292 PMCID: PMC8278205 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Working memory (WM) is an executive ability that allows one to hold and manipulate information for a short period of time. Schizophrenia and mood disorders are severe psychiatric conditions with overlapping genetic and clinical symptoms. Whilst WM has been suggested as meeting the criteria for being an endophenotype for schizophrenia and mood disorders, it still unclear whether they share overlapping neural circuitry. Objective The n-back task has been widely used to measure WM capacity, such as maintenance, flexible updating, and interference control. Here we compiled studies that included psychiatric populations, i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Methods We performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis that combined 34 BOLD-fMRI studies comparing activity associated with n-back working memory between psychiatric patients and healthy controls. We specifically focused our search using the n-back task to diminish study heterogeneity. Results All patient groups showed blunted activity in the striatum, anterior insula and frontal lobe. The same brain networks related to WM were compromised in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Conclusion Our findings support the suggestion of commonal functional abnormalities across schizophrenia and mood disorders related to WM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serenella Tolomeo
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Noel JM, Jackson CW. ASHP Therapeutic Position Statement on the Use of Antipsychotic Medications in the Treatment of Adults with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020; 77:2114-2132. [PMID: 32871013 PMCID: PMC7499485 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Noel
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cherry W Jackson
- Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
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12
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Monaco AP. An epigenetic, transgenerational model of increased mental health disorders in children, adolescents and young adults. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 29:387-395. [PMID: 32948849 PMCID: PMC7940651 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-00726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence rates of mental health disorders in children and adolescents have increased two to threefold from the 1990s to 2016. Some increase in prevalence may stem from changing environmental conditions in the current generation which interact with genes and inherited genetic variants. Current measured genetic variant effects do not explain fully the familial clustering and high heritability estimates in the population. Another model considers environmental conditions shifting in the previous generation, which altered brain circuits epigenetically and were transmitted to offspring via non-DNA-based mechanisms (intergenerational and transgenerational effects). Parental substance use, poor diet and obesity are environmental factors with known epigenetic intergenerational and transgenerational effects, that regulate set points in brain pathways integrating sensory-motor, reward and feeding behaviors. Using summary statistics for eleven neuropsychiatric and three metabolic disorders from 128,989 families, an epigenetic effect explains more of the estimated heritability when a portion of parental environmental effects are transmitted to offspring alongside additive genetic variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Monaco
- Office of the President, Ballou Hall, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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13
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Prata DP, Costa-Neves B, Cosme G, Vassos E. Unravelling the genetic basis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with GWAS: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:178-207. [PMID: 31096178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review findings of GWAS in schizophrenia (SZ) and in bipolar disorder (BD); and to interpret findings, with a focus on identifying independent replications. METHOD PubMed search, selection and review of all independent GWAS in SZ or BD, published since March 2011, i.e. studies using non-overlapping samples within each article, between articles, and with those of the previous review (Li et al., 2012). RESULTS From the 22 GWAS included in this review, the genetic associations surviving standard GWAS-significance were for genetic markers in the regions of ACSL3/KCNE4, ADCY2, AMBRA1, ANK3, BRP44, DTL, FBLN1, HHAT, INTS7, LOC392301, LOC645434/NMBR, LOC729457, LRRFIP1, LSM1, MDM1, MHC, MIR2113/POU3F2, NDST3, NKAPL, ODZ4, PGBD1, RENBP, TRANK1, TSPAN18, TWIST2, UGT1A1/HJURP, WHSC1L1/FGFR1 and ZKSCAN4. All genes implicated across both reviews are discussed in terms of their function and implication in neuropsychiatry. CONCLUSION Taking all GWAS to date into account, AMBRA1, ANK3, ARNTL, CDH13, EFHD1 (albeit with different alleles), MHC, PLXNA2 and UGT1A1 have been implicated in either disorder in at least two reportedly non-overlapping samples. Additionally, evidence for a SZ/BD common genetic basis is most strongly supported by the implication of ANK3, NDST3, and PLXNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK; Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Bernardo Costa-Neves
- Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Av. do Brasil, 53 1749-002, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cosme
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK
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Rao S, Han X, Shi M, Siu CO, Waye MMY, Liu G, Wing YK. Associations of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) with bipolar disorder and treatment response: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:214-226. [PMID: 30217771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) with bipolar disorder (BPD) and treatment response in bipolar patients were not conclusive. This study not only assessed the association between the 5-HTTLPR and BPD with accumulating relevant studies, but also in the first time evaluated the effect of the 5-HTTLPR on both anti-depressive and anti-manic treatment responses in bipolar patients. METHODS PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Cochrane Control Trials databases were systematically searched before February 2017. This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS A total of 32 population-based studies (5567 cases and 6993 controls) and 9 family-based studies (837 trios) were finally screened out and statistically joined into a single meta-analysis that revealed an association between S allele and an increased risk of BPD (OR = 1.06, p = .038). Pooled analysis of the 32 population-based studies indicated an association of S-carrier genotypes with an increased risk of BPD (OR = 1.10, p = .029). Meanwhile, the association remained significant in Caucasians (OR = 1.15, p = .004), which could provide an enough power (88%) to detect a significant association. Regarding the treatment response studies, 6 studies reporting the relationship of the 5-HTTLPR in anti-depressive remission rate (1034 patients) and 7 studies reporting in response rate (1098 patients) were included for pooled analyses. We observed a significant association of S-carrier genotypes with a reduced anti-depressive remission rate (OR = 0.64, p = .006) but not with anti-depressive response rate. The association between the 5-HTTLPR with anti-manic response rate was not observed in the included 6 studies (676 patients). CONCLUSIONS The present study supported the presence of a marginal but detectable effect of the 5-HTTLPR on susceptibility to BPD. Moreover, the detected association in Caucasian was statistically reliable. Besides, the 5-HTTLPR was identified as a useful predictor for anti-depressive remission but not for anti-depressive or anti-manic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China; The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xinyu Han
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mai Shi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Cynthia O Siu
- COS & Associates Ltd., Central District, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Choline Compounds of the Frontal Lobe and Temporal Glutamatergic System in Bipolar and Schizophrenia Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2018:3654894. [PMID: 30595760 PMCID: PMC6286772 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3654894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Modern neuroimaging techniques allow investigating brain structures and substances involved in the pathophysiology of mental disorders, trying to find new markers of these disorders. To better understanding of the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, this study was conducted to assess the neurochemical alterations in the frontal and temporal lobes in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Methods Twenty-one subjects with schizophrenia (paranoid and differentiated types), 16 subjects with bipolar I disorder (manic, depressive, and mixed episode), and 20 healthy subjects were studied. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and proton resonance magnetic spectroscopy (1H MRS) were performed on a 1.5 T scanner. Voxels of 8 cm3 were positioned in the left frontal and left temporal lobes. Results Glx/H2O (GABA, glutamine, and glutamate/nonsuppressed water signal) ratios were significantly increased in the left temporal lobe in schizophrenia, but not in bipolar disorder, compared with controls. Cho/H2O (choline/nonsuppressed water signal) ratios in the left frontal lobe had a tendency to increase in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, relative to controls. A lower temporal lobe NAA/H2O ratio in mixed than in manic and depressive episode of bipolar patients was also found. No other significant differences were found among three studied groups as regards NAA, Cr, and mI ratios. Conclusions Our results partially confirm the role of a glutamatergic system in schizophrenia, however, only in a temporal lobe. We also point to the importance of the choline-containing compounds (marker of cellular density) in the frontal lobe of patients suffering from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. We also found the deleterious effect of mixed bipolar episode on the integrity and functioning of the temporal lobe. Glutamatergic left temporal spectroscopic changes may potentially help in differential diagnosis of schizophrenia from bipolar disorder.
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16
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Jiang W, King TZ, Turner JA. Imaging Genetics Towards a Refined Diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:494. [PMID: 31354550 PMCID: PMC6639711 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current diagnoses of schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders are classified by phenomenological principles and clinical descriptions while ruling out other symptoms and conditions. Specific biomarkers are needed to assist the current diagnostic system. However, complicated gene and environment interactions induce great disease heterogeneity. This unclear etiology and heterogeneity raise difficulties in distinguishing schizophrenia-related effects. Simultaneously, the overlap in symptoms, genetic variations, and brain alterations in schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders raises similar difficulties in determining disease-specific effects. Imaging genetics is a unique methodology to assess the impact of genetic factors on both brain structure and function. More importantly, imaging genetics builds a bridge to understand the behavioral and clinical implications of genetics and neuroimaging. By characterizing and quantifying the brain measures affected in psychiatric disorders, imaging genetics is contributing to identifying potential biomarkers for schizophrenia and related disorders. To date, candidate gene analysis, genome-wide association studies, polygenetic risk score analysis, and large-scale collaborative studies have made contributions to the understanding of schizophrenia with the potential to serve as biomarkers. Despite limitations, imaging genetics remains promising as more aggregative, clustering methods and imaging genetics-compatible clinical assessments are employed in future studies. We review imaging genetics' contribution to our understanding of the heterogeneity within schizophrenia and the commonalities across schizophrenia and other diagnostic borders, and we will discuss whether imaging genetics is ready to form its own diagnostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tricia Z King
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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17
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Breuer R, Mattheisen M, Frank J, Krumm B, Treutlein J, Kassem L, Strohmaier J, Herms S, Mühleisen TW, Degenhardt F, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Karypis G, Kelsoe J, Greenwood T, Nievergelt C, Shilling P, Shekhtman T, Edenberg H, Craig D, Szelinger S, Nurnberger J, Gershon E, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Zandi P, Goes F, Schork N, Smith E, Koller D, Zhang P, Badner J, Berrettini W, Bloss C, Byerley W, Coryell W, Foroud T, Guo Y, Hipolito M, Keating B, Lawson W, Liu C, Mahon P, McInnis M, Murray S, Nwulia E, Potash J, Rice J, Scheftner W, Zöllner S, McMahon FJ, Rietschel M, Schulze TG. Detecting significant genotype-phenotype association rules in bipolar disorder: market research meets complex genetics. Int J Bipolar Disord 2018; 6:24. [PMID: 30415424 PMCID: PMC6230336 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-018-0132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disentangling the etiology of common, complex diseases is a major challenge in genetic research. For bipolar disorder (BD), several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed. Similar to other complex disorders, major breakthroughs in explaining the high heritability of BD through GWAS have remained elusive. To overcome this dilemma, genetic research into BD, has embraced a variety of strategies such as the formation of large consortia to increase sample size and sequencing approaches. Here we advocate a complementary approach making use of already existing GWAS data: a novel data mining procedure to identify yet undetected genotype–phenotype relationships. We adapted association rule mining, a data mining technique traditionally used in retail market research, to identify frequent and characteristic genotype patterns showing strong associations to phenotype clusters. We applied this strategy to three independent GWAS datasets from 2835 phenotypically characterized patients with BD. In a discovery step, 20,882 candidate association rules were extracted. Results Two of these rules—one associated with eating disorder and the other with anxiety—remained significant in an independent dataset after robust correction for multiple testing. Both showed considerable effect sizes (odds ratio ~ 3.4 and 3.0, respectively) and support previously reported molecular biological findings. Conclusion Our approach detected novel specific genotype–phenotype relationships in BD that were missed by standard analyses like GWAS. While we developed and applied our method within the context of BD gene discovery, it may facilitate identifying highly specific genotype–phenotype relationships in subsets of genome-wide data sets of other complex phenotype with similar epidemiological properties and challenges to gene discovery efforts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40345-018-0132-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Breuer
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bertram Krumm
- Department for Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Layla Kassem
- Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - George Karypis
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Tiffany Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.,BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caroline Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Paul Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Tatyana Shekhtman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - David Craig
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, USA
| | | | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Elliot Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Ney Alliey-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Peter Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Fernando Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Nicholas Schork
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, USA.,J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Erin Smith
- Scripps Genomic Medicine & The Scripps Translational Sciences Institute (STSI), La Jolla, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Daniel Koller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Judith Badner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Wade Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - William Byerley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Yirin Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Maria Hipolito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University Hospital, Washington, USA
| | - Brendan Keating
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Lawson
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Pamela Mahon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Melvin McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Sarah Murray
- Scripps Genomic Medicine & The Scripps Translational Sciences Institute (STSI), La Jolla, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - James Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - John Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. .,Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Cattane N, Richetto J, Cattaneo A. Prenatal exposure to environmental insults and enhanced risk of developing Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder: focus on biological pathways and epigenetic mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 117:253-278. [PMID: 29981347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When considering neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), Schizophrenia (SZ) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are considered to be among the most severe in term of prevalence, morbidity and impact on the society. Similar features and overlapping symptoms have been observed at multiple levels, suggesting common pathophysiological bases. Indeed, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and epidemiological data report shared vulnerability genes and environmental triggers across the two disorders. In this review, we will discuss the possible biological mechanisms, including glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions, inflammatory signals and oxidative stress related systems, which are targeted by adverse environmental exposures and that have been associated with the development of SZ and ASD. We will also discuss the emerging role of the gut microbiome as possible interplay between environment, immune system and brain development. Finally, we will describe the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the maintenance of long-lasting effects of adverse environments early in life. This will allow us to better understand the pathophysiology of these NDDs, and also to identify novel targets for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Juliet Richetto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy; Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU, London, UK.
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Dissociable auditory mismatch response and connectivity patterns in adolescents with schizophrenia and adolescents with bipolar disorder with psychosis: A magnetoencephalography study. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:313-318. [PMID: 28760539 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder regarding genetic risk as well as neuropsychological and structural brain deficits. Finding common and distinct event-response potential (ERP) responses and connectivity patterns may offer potential biomarkers to distinguish the disorders. OBJECTIVE To examine the neuronal auditory response elicited by a roving mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm using magnetoencephalography (MEG). PARTICIPANTS 15 Adolescents with schizophrenia (ASZ), 16 adolescents with bipolar disorder with psychosis (ABP), and 14 typically developing individuals (TD) METHODS: The data were analysed using time-series techniques and dynamic causal modelling (DCM). OUTCOME MEASURES MEG difference wave (deviant - standard) at primary auditory (~90ms), MMN (~180ms) and long latency (~300ms). RESULTS The amplitude of difference wave showed specific patterns at all latencies. Most notably, it was significantly reduced ABP compared to both controls and ASZ at early latencies. In contrast, the amplitude was significantly reduced in ASZ compared to both controls and ABP. The DCM analysis showed differential connectivity patterns in all three groups. Most notably, inter-hemispheric connections were strongly dominated by the right side in ASZ only. CONCLUSIONS Dissociable patterns of the primary auditory response and MMN response indicate possible developmentally sensitive, but separate biomarkers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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22
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Porcelli S, Lee SJ, Han C, Patkar AA, Albani D, Jun TY, Pae CU, Serretti A. Hot Genes in Schizophrenia: How Clinical Datasets Could Help to Refine their Role. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:273-286. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shi S, Ueda HR. Ca 2+ -Dependent Hyperpolarization Pathways in Sleep Homeostasis and Mental Disorders. Bioessays 2017; 40. [PMID: 29205420 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although we are beginning to understand the neuronal and biochemical nature of sleep regulation, questions remain about how sleep is homeostatically regulated. Beyond its importance in basic physiology, understanding sleep may also shed light on psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent genetic studies in mammals revealed several non-secretory proteins that determine sleep duration. Interestingly, genes identified in these studies are closely related to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting that the sleep-wake cycle shares some common mechanisms with these disorders. Here we review recent sleep studies, including reverse and forward genetic studies, from the perspectives of sleep duration and homeostasis. We then introduce a recent hypothesis for mammalian sleep in which the fast and slow Ca2+ -dependent hyperpolarization pathways are pivotal in generating the SWS firing pattern and regulating sleep homeostasis, respectively. Finally, we propose that these intracellular pathways are potential therapeutic targets for achieving depolarization/hyperpolarization (D/H) balance in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoi Shi
- Dr. S. Shi, Prof. H. R. Ueda, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Dr. S. Shi, Prof. H. R. Ueda, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Prof. H. R. Ueda, Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-5241, Japan
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Analysis of LINE-1 Elements in DNA from Postmortem Brains of Individuals with Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2602-2611. [PMID: 28585566 PMCID: PMC5686486 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Whereas some rare genetic variants convey high risk for schizophrenia (SZ), common alleles conveying even moderate risk remain elusive. Long interspersed element-1s (L1) are mobile retrotransposons comprising ~17% of the human genome. L1 retrotransposition can cause somatic mosaicism during neurodevelopment by insertional mutagenesis. We hypothesized that, compared to controls, patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (PDS) may have increased numbers of deleterious L1 insertions, perhaps occurring de novo, in brain-expressed genes of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) neurons. Neuronal and non-neuronal nuclei were separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from postmortem DLPFC of 36 PDS and 26 age-matched controls. Genomic sequences flanking the 3'-side of L1s were amplified from neuronal DNA, and neuronal L1 libraries were sequenced. Aligned sequences were analyzed for L1 insertions using custom bioinformatics programs. Ontology and pathway analyses were done on lists of genes putatively disrupted by L1s in PDS and controls. Cellular or population allele frequencies of L1s were assessed by droplet digital PCR or Taqman genotyping. We observed a statistically significant increase in the proportion of intragenic novel L1s in DLPFC of PDS. We found over-representation of L1 insertions within the gene ontologies 'cell projection' and 'postsynaptic membrane' in the gene lists derived from PDS samples, but not from controls. Cellular allele frequencies of examined L1 insertions indicated heterozygosity in genomes of DLPFC cells. An L1 within ERI1 exoribonuclease family member 3 (ERI3) was found to associate with SZ. These results extend prior work documenting increased L1 genetic burden in the brains of PDS and also identify unique genes that may provide new insight into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Pereira LP, Köhler CA, de Sousa RT, Solmi M, de Freitas BP, Fornaro M, Machado-Vieira R, Miskowiak KW, Vieta E, Veronese N, Stubbs B, Carvalho AF. The relationship between genetic risk variants with brain structure and function in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of genetic-neuroimaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:87-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Schmitt A, Rujescu D, Gawlik M, Hasan A, Hashimoto K, Iceta S, Jarema M, Kambeitz J, Kasper S, Keeser D, Kornhuber J, Koutsouleris N, Lanzenberger R, Malchow B, Saoud M, Spies M, Stöber G, Thibaut F, Riederer P, Falkai P. Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers: Criteria for biomarkers and endophenotypes of schizophrenia part II: Cognition, neuroimaging and genetics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:406-28. [PMID: 27311987 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1183043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia is a group of severe psychiatric disorders with high heritability but only low odds ratios of risk genes. Despite progress in the identification of pathophysiological processes, valid biomarkers of the disease are still lacking. METHODS This comprehensive review summarises recent efforts to identify genetic underpinnings, clinical and cognitive endophenotypes and symptom dimensions of schizophrenia and presents findings from neuroimaging studies with structural, functional and spectroscopy magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. The potential of findings to be biomarkers of schizophrenia is discussed. RESULTS Recent findings have not resulted in clear biomarkers for schizophrenia. However, we identified several biomarkers that are potential candidates for future research. Among them, copy number variations and links between genetic polymorphisms derived from genome-wide analysis studies, clinical or cognitive phenotypes, multimodal neuroimaging findings including positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the application of multivariate pattern analyses are promising. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should address the effects of treatment and stage of the disease more precisely and apply combinations of biomarker candidates. Although biomarkers for schizophrenia await validation, knowledge on candidate genomic and neuroimaging biomarkers is growing rapidly and research on this topic has the potential to identify psychiatric endophenotypes and in the future increase insight on individual treatment response in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany ;,b Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Dan Rujescu
- c Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University of Halle , Germany
| | - Micha Gawlik
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- e Division of Clinical Neuroscience , Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health , Chiba , Japan
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- f INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PsyR2 Team , Lyon , F-69000 , France ; Hospices Civils De Lyon, France
| | - Marek Jarema
- g Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- h Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Daniel Keeser
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- i Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | | | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- h Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Berend Malchow
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Mohamed Saoud
- f INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PsyR2 Team , Lyon , F-69000 , France ; Hospices Civils De Lyon, France
| | - Marie Spies
- h Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Gerald Stöber
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Florence Thibaut
- j Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital Cochin (Site Tarnier), University of Paris-Descartes, INSERM U 894 Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences , Paris , France
| | - Peter Riederer
- k Center of Psychic Health; Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
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Umeda K, Iritani S, Fujishiro H, Sekiguchi H, Torii Y, Habuchi C, Kuroda K, Kaibuchi K, Ozaki N. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the GABAergic neuronal system in the prefrontal cortex of a DISC1 knockout mouse model of schizophrenia. Synapse 2016; 70:508-518. [PMID: 27421906 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of schizophrenia remains unknown. However, using molecular biological techniques, some candidate genes have been identified that might be associated with the disease. One of these candidate genes, disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), was found in a large Scottish family with multiple mental illnesses. The function of DISC1 is considered to be associated with axon elongation and neuron migration in the central nervous system, but the functional consequences of defects in this gene have not been fully clarified in brain neuronal systems. Dysfunction of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neuronal system is also considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Thus, to clarify the neuropathological changes associated with DISC1 dysfunction, we investigated the number and distribution of GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex of DISC1 knockout mice. We immunohistochemically quantified the laminar density of GABAergic neurons using anti-parvalbumin and anti-calbindin D28k antibodies (markers of GABAergic neuronal subpopulations). We found that the densities of both parvalbumin- and calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in the anterior cingulate, medial prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortices were markedly lower in DISC1 knockout mice than in wild-type mice. In addition, reductions in cell density were observed in layers II and III and the deep layers of the cortex. This reduction in GABAergic neuronal density was not associated with alterations in neuronal size. These findings suggest that disrupted GABAergic neuronal network formation due to a DISC1 deficit might be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Umeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Iritani
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroshige Fujishiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sekiguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Youta Torii
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chikako Habuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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Villela D, Suemoto CK, Pasqualucci CA, Grinberg LT, Rosenberg C. Do Copy Number Changes in CACNA2D2, CACNA2D3, and CACNA1D Constitute a Predisposing Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease? Front Genet 2016; 7:107. [PMID: 27379157 PMCID: PMC4905985 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is now being recognized to be a key step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Data from the literature, in particular the association between AD and polymorphism that interfere with Ca2+ homeostasis indicates the presence of genetic factors in this process; further, presenilins mutations, which are known to cause the familial form of AD, are involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Here, we wish to draw attention to rare DNA copy number variations identified in two subjects with late-onset AD that led to partial or full duplication of genes that encode different subunits of the same type of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; these duplications of voltage-gated Ca2+ channel genes is consistent with the critical role of calcium signaling in molecular processes underlying memory as has been demonstrated by several studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darine Villela
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Discipline of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São PauloBrazil; Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São PauloBrazil
| | - Carlos A Pasqualucci
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São PauloBrazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São PauloBrazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São PauloBrazil; Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CAUSA
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
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Cariaga-Martinez A, Saiz-Ruiz J, Alelú-Paz R. From Linkage Studies to Epigenetics: What We Know and What We Need to Know in the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:202. [PMID: 27242407 PMCID: PMC4862989 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms that lacks a unifying neuropathology. In the present paper, we will review the current understanding of molecular dysregulation in schizophrenia, including genetic and epigenetic studies. In relation to the latter, basic research suggests that normal cognition is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and its dysfunction occurs upon epigenetic misregulation, providing new insights into missing heritability of complex psychiatric diseases, referring to the discrepancy between epidemiological heritability and the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by DNA sequence difference. In schizophrenia the absence of consistently replicated genetic effects together with evidence for lasting changes in gene expression after environmental exposures suggest a role of epigenetic mechanisms. In this review we will focus on epigenetic modifications as a key mechanism through which environmental factors interact with individual's genetic constitution to affect risk of psychotic conditions throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Cariaga-Martinez
- Laboratory for Neuroscience of Mental Disorders Elena Pessino, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, Alcalá University Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Saiz-Ruiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, IRYCISMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Alelú-Paz
- Laboratory for Neuroscience of Mental Disorders Elena Pessino, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, Alcalá UniversityMadrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, IRYCISMadrid, Spain
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Tomoda T, Sumitomo A, Jaaro-Peled H, Sawa A. Utility and validity of DISC1 mouse models in biological psychiatry. Neuroscience 2016; 321:99-107. [PMID: 26768401 PMCID: PMC4803604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have seen an era of explosive progress in translating neurobiology into etiological understanding of mental disorders for the past 10-15 years. The discovery of Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene was one of the major driving forces that have contributed to the progress. The finding that DISC1 plays crucial roles in neurodevelopment and synapse regulation clearly underscored the utility and validity of DISC1-related biology in advancing our understanding of pathophysiological processes underlying psychiatric conditions. Despite recent genetic studies that failed to identify DISC1 as a risk gene for sporadic cases of schizophrenia, DISC1 mutant mice, coupled with various environmental stressors, have proven successful in satisfying face validity as models of a wide range of human psychiatric conditions. Investigating mental disorders using these models is expected to further contribute to the circuit-level understanding of the pathological mechanisms, as well as to the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - A Sumitomo
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - H Jaaro-Peled
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - A Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Shevlin M, McElroy E, Christoffersen MN, Elklit A, Hyland P, Murphy J. Social, familial and psychological risk factors for psychosis: A birth cohort study using the Danish Registry System. PSYCHOSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2015.1113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lawrie SM, O'Donovan MC, Saks E, Burns T, Lieberman JA. Towards diagnostic markers for the psychoses. Lancet Psychiatry 2016; 3:375-85. [PMID: 27063388 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)00021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are currently grouped under broad phenomenological diagnostic rubrics. Researchers hope that progress in identifying aetiological mechanisms will ultimately enable more precise division of heterogeneous diagnoses into specific and valid subgroups. This goal has been an aim of psychiatry since the 19th century, when patients with general paresis were thought to have "insanity" similar to dementia praecox and manic depressive illness. Nowadays, the constructs of organic-induced and substance-induced psychotic disorder show that our diagnostic classification system already reflects, in part, aetiological factors. Most recently, gene copy number variation and autoimmunity have been associated with schizophrenia. We suggest how, on the basis of recent scientific advances, we can progress the identification of further putative subgroups and make the most of currently available interventions. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, and a more routine search for causes, could preserve function and improve outcome, and therefore be more acceptable to patients and carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Lawrie
- Department of Psychiatry, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elyn Saks
- USC Gould School of Law, University of Southern California, Los Angela, CA, USA
| | - Tom Burns
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeffrey A Lieberman
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Kuswanto C, Chin R, Sum MY, Sengupta S, Fagiolini A, McIntyre RS, Vieta E, Sim K. Shared and divergent neurocognitive impairments in adult patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Whither the evidence? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 61:66-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Closing the translational gap between mutant mouse models and the clinical reality of psychotic illness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 58:19-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Logan RW, McClung CA. Animal models of bipolar mania: The past, present and future. Neuroscience 2015; 321:163-188. [PMID: 26314632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is the sixth leading cause of disability in the world according to the World Health Organization and affects nearly six million (∼2.5% of the population) adults in the United State alone each year. BD is primarily characterized by mood cycling of depressive (e.g., helplessness, reduced energy and activity, and anhedonia) and manic (e.g., increased energy and hyperactivity, reduced need for sleep, impulsivity, reduced anxiety and depression), episodes. The following review describes several animal models of bipolar mania with a focus on more recent findings using genetically modified mice, including several with the potential of investigating the mechanisms underlying 'mood' cycling (or behavioral switching in rodents). We discuss whether each of these models satisfy criteria of validity (i.e., face, predictive, and construct), while highlighting their strengths and limitations. Animal models are helping to address critical questions related to pathophysiology of bipolar mania, in an effort to more clearly define necessary targets of first-line medications, lithium and valproic acid, and to discover novel mechanisms with the hope of developing more effective therapeutics. Future studies will leverage new technologies and strategies for integrating animal and human data to reveal important insights into the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Logan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - C A McClung
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.
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Samochowiec J, Samochowiec A, Puls I, Bienkowski P, Schott BH. Genetics of alcohol dependence: a review of clinical studies. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 70:77-94. [PMID: 25359488 DOI: 10.1159/000364826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Alcohol dependence is a common severe psychiatric disorder with a multifactorial etiology. Since the completion of the human genome project and with the increased availability of high-throughput genotyping, multiple genetic risk factors for substance-related disorders, including alcohol dependence, have been identified, but not all results could be replicated. METHODS We systematically review the clinical literature on genetic risk factors for alcohol dependence and alcohol-related phenotypes, including candidate gene-based studies, linkage studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). RESULTS Irrespectively of the methodology employed, the most robust findings regarding genetic risk factors for alcohol dependence concern genetic variations that affect alcohol metabolism. GWAS confirm the importance of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster on chromosome 4 in the genetic risk for alcohol dependence with multiple variants that exert a small, but cumulative influence. A single variant with strong influence on individual risk is the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ALDHD2*2 variant common in Asian populations. Other robust associations have been found with previously uncharacterized genes like KIAA0040, and such observations can lead to the identification of thus far unknown signaling pathways. Converging evidence also points to a role of glutamatergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter signaling in the risk for alcohol dependence, but effects are small, and gene-environment interactions further increase the complexity. CONCLUSION With few exceptions like ALDH2*2, the contribution of individual genetic variants to the risk for alcohol-related disorders is small. However, the concentration of risk variants within neurotransmitter signaling pathways may help to deepen our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and thereby contribute to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Kim D, Kim JW, Koo TH, Yun HR, Won SH. Shared and distinct neurocognitive endophenotypes of schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 13:94-102. [PMID: 25912542 PMCID: PMC4423159 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are characterized by the presence of neurocognitive impairments on the psychosis continuum. The present study aimed to explore the shared and distinct endophenotypes between these disorders. Methods The study included 34 probands with remitted schizophrenia and 34 probands with euthymic bipolar disorder who had a history of psychotic symptoms that met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria, unaffected first-degree relatives of probands (31 relatives of probands with schizophrenia and 29 relatives of probands with bipolar disorder), and 34 healthy controls. Cognitive assessments were performed using the digit span, continuous performance, Rey auditory and visual learning, complex figure, verbal fluency, Wisconsin card sorting, and finger tapping tests. Results Probands with schizophrenia showed the most generalized and severe cognitive deficits across cognitive domains (working memory, verbal learning and memory, visual memory, verbal fluency, and executive function). Some domains of cognitive function (working memory, verbal learning, and memory) were also impaired in probands with bipolar disorder, but to a lesser degree than in probands with schizophrenia. All probands and relatives showed a common deficit in working memory compared to healthy controls. Relatives of probands with schizophrenia also showed verbal fluency dysfunction. Cognitive performance of all relatives was intermediate to the performance of both patients and healthy controls. Conclusion These findings suggest that a deficit in working memory could be a shared endophenotype of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder, and verbal fluency could be a candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Woo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Koo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Gurung R, Prata DP. What is the impact of genome-wide supported risk variants for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on brain structure and function? A systematic review. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2461-2480. [PMID: 25858580 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The powerful genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed common mutations that increase susceptibility for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), but the vast majority were not known to be functional or associated with these illnesses. To help fill this gap, their impact on human brain structure and function has been examined. We systematically discuss this output to facilitate its timely integration in the psychosis research field; and encourage reflection for future research. Irrespective of imaging modality, studies addressing the effect of SZ/BD GWAS risk genes (ANK3, CACNA1C, MHC, TCF4, NRGN, DGKH, PBRM1, NCAN and ZNF804A) were included. Most GWAS risk variations were reported to affect neuroimaging phenotypes implicated in SZ/BD: white-matter integrity (ANK3 and ZNF804A), volume (CACNA1C and ZNF804A) and density (ZNF804A); grey-matter (CACNA1C, NRGN, TCF4 and ZNF804A) and ventricular (TCF4) volume; cortical folding (NCAN) and thickness (ZNF804A); regional activation during executive tasks (ANK3, CACNA1C, DGKH, NRGN and ZNF804A) and functional connectivity during executive tasks (CACNA1C and ZNF804A), facial affect recognition (CACNA1C and ZNF804A) and theory-of-mind (ZNF804A); but inconsistencies and non-replications also exist. Further efforts such as standardizing reporting and exploring complementary designs, are warranted to test the reproducibility of these early findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gurung
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - D P Prata
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences,Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
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Oren Y, Nachshon A, Frishberg A, Wilentzik R, Gat-Viks I. Linking traits based on their shared molecular mechanisms. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25781485 PMCID: PMC4362207 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition that co-morbidity and co-occurrence of disease traits are often determined by shared genetic and molecular mechanisms. In most cases, however, the specific mechanisms that lead to such trait-trait relationships are yet unknown. Here we present an analysis of a broad spectrum of behavioral and physiological traits together with gene-expression measurements across genetically diverse mouse strains. We develop an unbiased methodology that constructs potentially overlapping groups of traits and resolves their underlying combination of genetic loci and molecular mechanisms. For example, our method predicts that genetic variation in the Klf7 gene may influence gene transcripts in bone marrow-derived myeloid cells, which in turn affect 17 behavioral traits following morphine injection; this predicted effect of Klf7 is consistent with an in vitro perturbation of Klf7 in bone marrow cells. Our analysis demonstrates the utility of studying hidden causative mechanisms that lead to relationships between complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Oren
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Frishberg
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roni Wilentzik
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Gat-Viks
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kember RL, Georgi B, Bailey-Wilson JE, Stambolian D, Paul SM, Bućan M. Copy number variants encompassing Mendelian disease genes in a large multigenerational family segregating bipolar disorder. BMC Genet 2015; 16:27. [PMID: 25887117 PMCID: PMC4382929 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar affective disorder (BP) is a common, highly heritable psychiatric disorder characterized by periods of depression and mania. Using dense SNP genotype data, we characterized CNVs in 388 members of an Old Order Amish Pedigree with bipolar disorder. We identified CNV regions arising from common ancestral mutations by utilizing the pedigree information. By combining this analysis with whole genome sequence data in the same individuals, we also explored the role of compound heterozygosity. RESULTS Here we describe 541 inherited CNV regions, of which 268 are rare in a control population of European origin but present in a large number of Amish individuals. In addition, we highlight a set of CNVs found at higher frequencies in BP individuals, and within genes known to play a role in human development and disease. As in prior reports, we find no evidence for an increased burden of CNVs in BP individuals, but we report a trend towards a higher burden of CNVs in known Mendelian disease loci in bipolar individuals (BPI and BPII, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CNVs may be contributing factors in the phenotypic presentation of mood disorders and co-morbid medical conditions in this family. These results reinforce the hypothesis of a complex genetic architecture underlying BP disorder, and suggest that the role of CNVs should continue to be investigated in BP data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Kember
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Benjamin Georgi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Steven M Paul
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Mind and Brain Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maja Bućan
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Sun Y, Hu D, Liang J, Bao YP, Meng SQ, Lu L, Shi J. Association between variants of zinc finger genes and psychiatric disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2015; 162:124-37. [PMID: 25667193 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders have a negative impact on society and human lives. Genetic factors are involved in the occurrence and development of psychiatric diseases. ZNF804A has been identified as one of the most compelling risk genes associated with broad phenotypes related to psychosis. We conducted a systematic meta-analysis and reviewed ZNF804A variants in psychosis-related disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. We also summarized the association between other zinc finger protein genes (ZNFs) and psychiatric diseases. The meta-analysis included a total of six variants of ZNF804A and three variants of other ZNFs (ZDHHC8 and ZKSCAN4), and the effects of ZNF variants on neurocognition and neuroimaging phenotypes were reviewed. The biological functions of these variants are also presented. We verified that ZNF804A was significantly related to psychiatric diseases, and the association between ZNF804A rs1344706 and psychosis (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) did not vary with disease or ethnicity. The main brain area regulated by ZNF804A rs1344706 was the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The effect of ZNF804A variants on cognition did not display consistency with different diseases or methodologies. These findings suggest that ZNF804A might play an important role in common pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases, and its variants are likely involved in regulating the expression of psychosis-related genes, especially the dopamine pathway genes. Further research should focus on the molecular mechanisms by which ZNF804A variants act in psychiatric diseases and related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Die Hu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shi-Qiu Meng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China; The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
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43
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Genome-wide methylome analyses reveal novel epigenetic regulation patterns in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:201587. [PMID: 25734057 PMCID: PMC4334857 DOI: 10.1155/2015/201587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) are complex genetic disorders. Their appearance is also likely informed by as yet only partially described epigenetic contributions. Using a sequencing-based method for genome-wide analysis, we quantitatively compared the blood DNA methylation landscapes in SZ and BP subjects to control, both in an understudied population, Hispanics along the US-Mexico border. Remarkably, we identified thousands of differentially methylated regions for SZ and BP preferentially located in promoters 3′-UTRs and 5′-UTRs of genes. Distinct patterns of aberrant methylation of promoter sequences were located surrounding transcription start sites. In these instances, aberrant methylation occurred in CpG islands (CGIs) as well as in flanking regions as well as in CGI sparse promoters. Pathway analysis of genes displaying these distinct aberrant promoter methylation patterns showed enhancement of epigenetic changes in numerous genes previously related to psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopment. Integration of gene expression data further suggests that in SZ aberrant promoter methylation is significantly associated with altered gene transcription. In particular, we found significant associations between (1) promoter CGIs hypermethylation with gene repression and (2) CGI 3′-shore hypomethylation with increased gene expression. Finally, we constructed a specific methylation analysis platform that facilitates viewing and comparing aberrant genome methylation in human neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Jacobsen KK, Nievergelt CM, Zayats T, Greenwood TA, Anttila V, Akiskal HS, Haavik J, Fasmer OB, Kelsoe JR, Johansson S, Oedegaard KJ. Genome wide association study identifies variants in NBEA associated with migraine in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:453-61. [PMID: 25451450 PMCID: PMC4394021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a common comorbidity among individuals with bipolar disorder, but the underlying mechanisms for this co-occurrence are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic background of bipolar patients with and without migraine. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association analysis contrasting 460 bipolar migraneurs with 914 bipolar patients without migraine from the Bipolar Genome Study (BiGS). RESULTS We identified one genome-wide significant association between migraine in bipolar disorder patients and rs1160720, an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NBEA gene (P=2.97 × 10(-8), OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.47-2.25), although this was not replicated in a smaller sample of 289 migraine cases. LIMITATIONS Our study is based on self-reported migraine. CONCLUSIONS NBEA encodes neurobeachin, a scaffolding protein primarily expressed in the brain and involved in trafficking of vesicles containing neurotransmitter receptors. This locus has not previously been implicated in migraine per se. We found no evidence of association in data from the GWAS migraine meta-analysis consortium (n=118,710 participants) suggesting that the association might be specific to migraine co-morbid with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya K. Jacobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Tetyana Zayats
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Verneri Anttila
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,lnstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hagop S. Akiskal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Department of Psychiatry, VA Hospital, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway,K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Bernt Fasmer
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - John R. Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Department of Psychiatry, VA Hospital, San Diego, USA
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil J. Oedegaard
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
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45
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Tandon R. Bipolar and Depressive Disorders in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5: Clinical Implications of Revisions from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV. Indian J Psychol Med 2015; 37:1-4. [PMID: 25722503 PMCID: PMC4341295 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7176.150796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA E-mail:
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46
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Galimberti D, Prunas C, Paoli RA, Dell'Osso B, Fenoglio C, Villa C, Palazzo C, Cigliobianco M, Camuri G, Serpente M, Scarpini E, Altamura AC. Progranulin gene variability influences the risk for bipolar I disorder, but not bipolar II disorder. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16:769-72. [PMID: 24499389 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data have shown that genetic variability in the progranulin (GRN) gene may contribute to the susceptibility to developing bipolar disorder (BD). However, in regard to patients with BD, no information is available on the role of genetic variability and plasma progranulin levels in different types of this disorder. METHODS In this study, we performed an association analysis of GRN in an Italian population consisting of 134 patients with BD and 232 controls to evaluate progranulin plasma levels. RESULTS The presence of the polymorphic variant of the rs5848 single nucleotide polymorphism is protective for the development of bipolar I disorder (BD-I) (odds ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.33-0.93; p = 0.024) but not bipolar II disorder (BD-II) (p > 0.05). In addition, plasma progranulin levels are significantly decreased in BD [mean ± standard deviation (SD) 112 ± 35 versus 183 ± 93 ng/mL in controls; p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the influence of GRN variability on BD susceptibility, the predisposing genetic background differs between BD-I and BD-II, possibly implying that pathogenic mechanisms differ between the two subtypes of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Galimberti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Quednow BB, Brzózka MM, Rossner MJ. Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and schizophrenia: integrating the animal and the human perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2815-35. [PMID: 24413739 PMCID: PMC11113759 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a genetically complex disease considered to have a neurodevelopmental pathogenesis and defined by a broad spectrum of positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive deficits. Recently, large genome-wide association studies have identified common alleles slightly increasing the risk for schizophrenia. Among the few schizophrenia-risk genes that have been consistently replicated is the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor 4 (TCF4). Haploinsufficiency of the TCF4 (formatting follows IUPAC nomenclature: TCF4 protein/protein function, Tcf4 rodent gene cDNA mRNA, TCF4 human gene cDNA mRNA) gene causes the Pitt-Hopkins syndrome-a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by severe mental retardation. Accordingly, Tcf4 null-mutant mice display developmental brain defects. TCF4-associated risk alleles are located in putative coding and non-coding regions of the gene. Hence, subtle changes at the level of gene expression might be relevant for the etiopathology of schizophrenia. Behavioural phenotypes obtained with a mouse model of slightly increased gene dosage and electrophysiological investigations with human risk-allele carriers revealed an overlapping spectrum of schizophrenia-relevant endophenotypes. Most prominently, early information processing and higher cognitive functions appear to be associated with TCF4 risk genotypes. Moreover, a recent human study unravelled gene × environment interactions between TCF4 risk alleles and smoking behaviour that were specifically associated with disrupted early information processing. Taken together, TCF4 is considered as an integrator ('hub') of several bHLH networks controlling critical steps of various developmental, and, possibly, plasticity-related transcriptional programs in the CNS and changes of TCF4 expression also appear to affect brain networks important for information processing. Consequently, these findings support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia and provide a basis for identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris B. Quednow
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena M. Brzózka
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Research Group Gene Expression, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Goettingen, 37075 Germany
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48
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Noor A, Lionel AC, Cohen-Woods S, Moghimi N, Rucker J, Fennell A, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Kaufman L, Degagne B, Wei J, Parikh SV, Muglia P, Forte J, Scherer SW, Kennedy JL, Xu W, McGuffin P, Farmer A, Strauss J, Vincent JB. Copy number variant study of bipolar disorder in Canadian and UK populations implicates synaptic genes. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:303-13. [PMID: 24700553 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 936 bipolar disorder (BD) individuals and 940 psychiatrically healthy comparison individuals of North European descent were analyzed for copy number variation (CNV). Using multiple CNV calling algorithms, and validating using in vitro molecular analyses, we identified CNVs implicating several candidate genes that encode synaptic proteins, such as DLG1, DLG2, DPP6, NRXN1, NRXN2, NRXN3, SHANK2, and EPHA5, as well as the neuronal splicing regulator RBFOX1 (A2BP1), and neuronal cell adhesion molecule CHL1. We have also identified recurrent CNVs on 15q13.3 and 16p11.2-regions previously reported as risk loci for neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, we performed CNV analysis of individuals from 215 BD trios and identified de novo CNVs involving the NRXN1 and DRD5 genes. Our study provides further evidence of the occasional involvement of genomic mutations in the etiology of BD, however, there is no evidence of an increased burden of CNVs in BD. Further, the identification of CNVs at multiple members of the neurexin gene family in BD individuals, supports the role of synaptic disruption in the etiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Noor
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans: structure-function relationship with implication in neural development and brain disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:642798. [PMID: 24955366 PMCID: PMC4052930 DOI: 10.1155/2014/642798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are extracellular matrix components that contain two structural parts with distinct functions: a protein core and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains. CSPGs are known to be involved in important cell processes like cell adhesion and growth, receptor binding, or cell migration. It is recognized that the presence of CSPGs is critical in neuronal growth mechanisms including axon guidance following injury of nervous system components such as spinal cord and brain. CSPGs are upregulated in the central nervous system after injury and participate in the inhibition of axon regeneration mainly through their GAG side chains. Recently, it was shown that some CSPGs members like aggrecan, versican, and neurocan were strongly involved in brain disorders like bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia, and ADHD. In this paper, we present the chemical structure-biological functions relationship of CSPGs, both in health state and in genetic disorders, addressing methods represented by genome-wide and crystallographic data as well as molecular modeling and quantitative structure-activity relationship.
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50
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Millan MJ, Fone K, Steckler T, Horan WP. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: clinical characteristics, pathophysiological substrates, experimental models and prospects for improved treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:645-92. [PMID: 24820238 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex and multifactorial disorder generally diagnosed in young adults at the time of the first psychotic episode of delusions and hallucinations. These positive symptoms can be controlled in most patients by currently-available antipsychotics. Conversely, they are poorly effective against concomitant neurocognitive dysfunction, deficits in social cognition and negative symptoms (NS), which strongly contribute to poor functional outcome. The precise notion of NS has evolved over the past century, with recent studies - underpinned by novel rating methods - suggesting two major sub-domains: "decreased emotional expression", incorporating blunted affect and poverty of speech, and "avolition", which embraces amotivation, asociality and "anhedonia" (inability to anticipate pleasure). Recent studies implicate a dysfunction of frontocortico-temporal networks in the aetiology of NS, together with a disruption of cortico-striatal circuits, though other structures are also involved, like the insular and parietal cortices, amygdala and thalamus. At the cellular level, a disruption of GABAergic-glutamatergic balance, dopaminergic signalling and, possibly, oxytocinergic and cannibinoidergic transmission may be involved. Several agents are currently under clinical investigation for the potentially improved control of NS, including oxytocin itself, N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor modulators and minocycline. Further, magnetic-electrical "stimulation" strategies to recruit cortical circuits and "cognitive-behavioural-psychosocial" therapies likewise hold promise. To acquire novel insights into the causes and treatment of NS, experimental study is crucial, and opportunities are emerging for improved genetic, pharmacological and developmental modelling, together with more refined readouts related to deficits in reward, sociality and "expression". The present article comprises an integrative overview of the above issues as a platform for this Special Issue of European Neuropsychopharmacology in which five clinical and five preclinical articles treat individual themes in greater detail. This Volume provides, then, a framework for progress in the understanding - and ultimately control - of the debilitating NS of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Pole of Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, Paris, France.
| | - Kevin Fone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen׳s Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG72UH, UK
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - William P Horan
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, MIRECC 210A, Bldg. 210, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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