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Bazaz MR, Asthana A, Dandekar MP. Chitosan revokes controlled-cortical impact generated neurological aberrations in circadian disrupted mice via TLR4-NLRP3 axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176436. [PMID: 38423243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The severity of inevitable neurological deficits and long-term psychiatric disorders in the aftermath of traumatic brain injury is influenced by pre-injury biological factors. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effect of chitosan lactate on neurological and psychiatric aberrations inflicted by circadian disruption (CD) and controlled-cortical impact (CCI) injury in mice. Firstly, CD was developed in mice by altering sporadic day-night cycles for 2 weeks. Then, CCI surgery was performed using a stereotaxic ImpactOne device. Mice subjected to CCI displayed a significant disruption of motor coordination at 1-, 3- and 5-days post-injury (DPI) in the rotarod test. These animals showed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze and forced-swim test at 14 and 15 DPI, respectively. Notably, mice subjected to CD + CCI exhibited severe cognitive impairment in Y-maze and novel object recognition tasks. The compromised neurological, psychiatric, and cognitive functions were mitigated in chitosan-treated mice (1 and 3 mg/mL). Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR assay results revealed the magnified responses of prima facie biomarkers like glial-fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 in the pericontusional brain region of the CD + CCI group, indicating aggravated inflammation. We also noted the depleted levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and augmented expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-leucine-rich-containing family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling [apoptosis-associated-speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1, and interleukin 1-β] in the pericontusional area of CD + CCI group. CCI-induced changes in the astrocyte-glia and aggravated immune responses were ameliorated in chitosan-treated mice. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of chitosan in CCI-induced brain injury may be mediated by inhibition of the TLR4-NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rabi Bazaz
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Amit Asthana
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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Lateef RS, Pokharel B, Shafin TN. Dozing Off With Drosophila: The Effect of Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Disturbance on Mortality, Mood, and Addiction. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231218698. [PMID: 38146331 PMCID: PMC10749519 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231218698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many environmental factors can disrupt sleep and circadian rhythms, yet the consequences of such disruptions are poorly understood. The main goals of this project were to study the effects of disrupted circadian rhythms and sleep disturbance on Drosophila melanogaster's: (1) lifespan, (2) depression-like behaviors, and (3) propensity to consume caffeine-containing media. Three experimental groups were used: controls, Circadian Dysfunction (CD), and Sleep Disturbance (SD). Circadian disruption (CD): used flies with Tim01 mutation, which eliminates circadian behavioral rhythms. Sleep disturbance (SD): used flies subjected to hourly light exposure and manual mechanical disruption, for 48 hours. To assess the effect on lifespan, the percent of flies surviving over time, within each group, was calculated. Impaired geotaxis, or loss of climbing motivation, was assessed as a measure of a depression-like state. Preference for caffeine-containing food was evaluated using a choice chamber where caffeine enriched, and regular media were presented to flies. Group differences were analyzed with survival curves. Chi-square tests were used for the categorical variables. Survival curve analysis showed that Flies with the timeless gene mutation (tim01) have a significantly shorter lifespan than controls. Geotaxis was not significantly impaired by sleep disturbance, but it was negatively affected by circadian dysfunction. Both the Circadian Dysfunction and Sleep Disturbance groups showed a preference for caffeine-containing food, after 72 hours of exposure to it, although the Circadian Dysfunction group was much more affected than the Sleep Disturbance group. Sleep and circadian disturbances can negatively influence physical and mental wellbeing and the accompanying molecular mechanisms, as well as disrupted brain physiology, must be studied. It is critical to identify and minimize social and environmental disruptors of such biological rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania S Lateef
- Governor’s School at Innovation Park and George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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Gupta D, Mohan L, Goel A, Kathrotia R. Evaluation of the Diurnal Cycle of Blood Pressure and Sleep in Shift Workers. Cureus 2023; 15:e48029. [PMID: 38034193 PMCID: PMC10687815 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian misalignment of physiological factors in shift workers is poorly studied in the Indian population. In the present study, 24-hour blood pressure measurements were taken on the same subject twice, once during his morning and night shifts. Sleep was also monitored by a self-reported sleep diary, which was confirmed with an activity monitor, and the sleep quality was assessed using sleep questionnaires. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to discover the pattern of blood pressure variation, the dipping and non-dipping status, and its correlation with sleep. METHODOLOGY This observational study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, from April 2019 to September 2019, among security guards working rotating shifts in the Rishikesh hospital premises. Participants were given an activity sheet with instructions to document their daily activities for a complete 24-hour period on the designated measurement day, including recording the time of waking up and going to sleep. A wrist-worn activity monitor was utilised to assess the self-reported sleep duration provided by each participant on the activity sheet. RESULTS The present study showed the mean age of the participants as 27.03 ± 2.71 years, along with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.10 ± 1.64. Sleep duration was significantly higher during the morning shift (5.81 ± 1.08 hours) compared to the night shift (4.02 ± 1.70 hours) on the day of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) recording. The mean difference in systolic blood pressure between night shift workers between their awake and sleep periods was 15.91 ± 8.44 mmHg. However, no statistically significant disparity was seen when comparing the systolic blood pressure at the 24-hour mark during wakefulness and sleep between those working morning and night shifts (p >0.05). CONCLUSION The current study's findings indicate that participation in shift work, particularly night shift work, could potentially play a role in the emergence of irregular circadian blood pressure patterns and potentially lead to a lack of nocturnal blood pressure decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
- Physiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Latika Mohan
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Arun Goel
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Rajesh Kathrotia
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Rajkot, IND
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BaHammam AS, Pirzada A. Timing Matters: The Interplay between Early Mealtime, Circadian Rhythms, Gene Expression, Circadian Hormones, and Metabolism-A Narrative Review. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:507-535. [PMID: 37754352 PMCID: PMC10528427 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving synchronization between the central and peripheral body clocks is essential for ensuring optimal metabolic function. Meal timing is an emerging field of research that investigates the influence of eating patterns on our circadian rhythm, metabolism, and overall health. This narrative review examines the relationship between meal timing, circadian rhythm, clock genes, circadian hormones, and metabolic function. It analyzes the existing literature and experimental data to explore the connection between mealtime, circadian rhythms, and metabolic processes. The available evidence highlights the importance of aligning mealtime with the body's natural rhythms to promote metabolic health and prevent metabolic disorders. Specifically, studies show that consuming meals later in the day is associated with an elevated prevalence of metabolic disorders, while early time-restricted eating, such as having an early breakfast and an earlier dinner, improves levels of glucose in the blood and substrate oxidation. Circadian hormones, including cortisol and melatonin, interact with mealtimes and play vital roles in regulating metabolic processes. Cortisol, aligned with dawn in diurnal mammals, activates energy reserves, stimulates appetite, influences clock gene expression, and synchronizes peripheral clocks. Consuming meals during periods of elevated melatonin levels, specifically during the circadian night, has been correlated with potential implications for glucose tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms of central and peripheral clock synchronization, including genetics, interactions with chronotype, sleep duration, and hormonal changes, provides valuable insights for optimizing dietary strategies and timing. This knowledge contributes to improved overall health and well-being by aligning mealtime with the body's natural circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. BaHammam
- The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrouf Pirzada
- North Cumbria Integrated Care (NCIC), National Health Service (NHS), Carlisle CA2 7HY, UK;
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Lee SN, Yun JS, Ko SH, Ahn YB, Yoo KD, Her SH, Moon D, Jung SH, Won HH, Kim D. Impacts of gender and lifestyle on the association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease risk in the UK Biobank. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10758. [PMID: 37402756 PMCID: PMC10319713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of gender and lifestyle on the association between frequency of depressive symptoms and CVD risk. The UK Biobank is a national prospective cohort study that recruited 502,505 participants aged 40-69 years between 2006 and 2010. Participants without CVD were classified as having low, moderate, high, or very high frequency of depressive symptoms according to the number of days they felt depressed in a 2-week period. UKBB data include self-reported questionnaires covering lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, physical activity, eating habits, and sleep duration. The primary outcomes included incident CVD including coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, peripheral artery disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and heart failure. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effects of gender and lifestyle on the association of frequency of depressive symptoms and CVD risk. During a median follow-up of 8.9 years, 27,394 (6.3%) developed CVD. The frequency of depressive symptoms increased the risk of CVD according to low, moderate, high, and very high frequency of depressive symptoms (P for trend < 0.001). The adjusted CVD risk was 1.38-fold higher for participants with very high frequency of depressive symptoms compared to those with low frequency of depressive symptoms (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.24-1.53, P < 0.001). The correlation between frequency of depressive symptoms and CVD risk was more remarkable in females than in males. In participants with high or very high frequency of depressive symptoms, the individual lifestyle factors of no current smoking, non-obesity, non-abdominal obesity, regular physical activity, and appropriate sleep respectively was associated with lower CVD risk by 46% (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48-0.60, P < 0.001), 36% (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.58-0.70, P < 0.001), 31% (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.62-0.76, P < 0.001), 25% (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68-0.83, P < 0.001), and 22% (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.71-0.86, P < 0.001). In this large prospective cohort study, a higher frequency of depressive symptoms at baseline was significantly associated with increased risk of CVD in the middle-aged population, and this relationship was prominent in women. In the middle-aged population with depressive symptoms, engaging in a healthier lifestyle could prevent CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Nam Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Yun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 93, Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, 16247, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Bae Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Dong Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Her
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggyu Moon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Vieira WF, Iosifescu DV, McEachern KM, Gersten M, Cassano P. Photobiomodulation: An Emerging Treatment Modality for Depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:331-348. [PMID: 37149348 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is considered a global crisis. Conventional treatments for MDD consist of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, although a significant number of patients with depression respond poorly to conventional treatments and are diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) therapy uses near-infrared light, delivered transcranially, to modulate the brain cortex. The aim of this review was to revisit the antidepressant effects of t-PBM, with a special emphasis on individuals with TRD. A search on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov tracked clinical studies using t-PBM for the treatment of patients diagnosed with MDD and TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willians Fernando Vieira
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 149 13th Street (2612), Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School (HMS), 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of Sao Paulo (USP), 2415 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Clinical Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute (NKI) for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kayla Marie McEachern
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 149 13th Street (2612), Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maia Gersten
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 149 13th Street (2612), Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 149 13th Street (2612), Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School (HMS), 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Costello HM, Crislip GR, Cheng KY, Lynch IJ, Juffre A, Bratanatawira P, Mckee A, Thelwell RS, Mendez VM, Wingo CS, Douma LG, Gumz ML. Adrenal-Specific KO of the Circadian Clock Protein BMAL1 Alters Blood Pressure Rhythm and Timing of Eating Behavior. FUNCTION 2023; 4:zqad001. [PMID: 36778748 PMCID: PMC9909366 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) is a core circadian clock protein and transcription factor that regulates many physiological functions, including blood pressure (BP). Male global Bmal1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit ∼10 mmHg reduction in BP, as well as a blunting of BP rhythm. The mechanisms of how BMAL1 regulates BP remains unclear. The adrenal gland synthesizes hormones, including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, that influence BP rhythm. To determine the role of adrenal BMAL1 on BP regulation, adrenal-specific Bmal1 (ASCre/+ ::Bmal1) KO mice were generated using aldosterone synthase Cre recombinase to KO Bmal1 in the adrenal gland zona glomerulosa. We confirmed the localization and efficacy of the KO of BMAL1 to the zona glomerulosa. Male ASCre/+ ::Bmal1 KO mice displayed a shortened BP and activity period/circadian cycle (typically 24 h) by ∼1 h and delayed peak of BP and activity by ∼2 and 3 h, respectively, compared with littermate Cre- control mice. This difference was only evident when KO mice were in metabolic cages, which acted as a stressor, as serum corticosterone was increased in metabolic cages compared with home cages. AS Cre/+ ::Bmal1 KO mice also displayed altered diurnal variation in serum corticosterone. Furthermore, these mice have altered eating behaviors where they have a blunted night/day ratio of food intake, but no change in overall food consumed compared with controls. Overall, these data suggest that adrenal BMAL1 has a role in the regulation of BP rhythm and eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - I Jeanette Lynch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Research, North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Phillip Bratanatawira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Annalisse Mckee
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ryanne S Thelwell
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Victor M Mendez
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Research, North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Lauren G Douma
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Research, North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Jiménez-Fernández S, Gurpegui M, Garrote-Rojas D, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Carretero MD, Correll CU. Oxidative stress parameters and antioxidants in adults with unipolar or bipolar depression versus healthy controls: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:211-221. [PMID: 35868596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study differences in oxidative stress markers and antioxidants among patients with bipolar depression (BPD) and unipolar depression (UPD). METHODS Data sources. Electronic MEDLINE/PubMed/Cochrane Library/Scopus/TripDatabase database search until 30/06/2021. STUDY SELECTION Included were articles comparing antioxidant or oxidative stress markers between adults with BPD or UPD and healthy controls (HCs). DATA EXTRACTION Two authors extracted data independently. Random effects meta-analysis, calculating standardized mean differences for results from ≥3 studies. RESULTS Oxidative stress markers reported in 40 studies -1 published repeatedly- (UPD, studies = 30 n = 3072; their HCs, n = 2856; BPD, studies = 11 n = 393; their HCs, n = 540; with 1 study reporting on both UPD and BPD) included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), antioxidant uric acid and antioxidant-enhancing enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPX). Compared with HCs, UPD and BPD were associated with significantly higher levels of TBARS, without differences between UPD and BPD (P = 0.11). Compared with HCs, UPD and BPD did not differ regarding the activity of the CAT (P = 0.28), SOD (P = 0.87) and GPX (P = 0.25) enzymes. However, uric acid levels were significantly higher vs HCs in BPD than in UPD among adult patients (P = 0.004). Results were heterogenous, which, for some parameters, decreased after stratification by the blood source (serum, plasma red blood cells, whole blood). LIMITATIONS The main limitations are the small number of studies/participants in the BPD subgroup, and heterogeneity of the results. SUMMATIONS Both BPD and UPD may be associated with an impaired oxidative stress balance, with significantly higher uric acid levels vs. HCs in UPD than in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jiménez-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Jaén University Hospital, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Manuel Gurpegui
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Psychiatry Service, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - María D Carretero
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Impacts of Circadian Gene Period2 Knockout on Intestinal Metabolism and Hepatic Antioxidant and Inflammation State in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7896371. [PMID: 35910841 PMCID: PMC9325607 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7896371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The period circadian regulator 2 (Per2) gene is important for the modulations of rhythmic homeostasis in the gut and liver; disruption will cause metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver. Herein, we investigated the alterations in intestinal metabolic and hepatic functions in Per2 knockout (Per2−/−, KO) and wild-type (Per2+/+, WT) mice. Growth indices, intestinal metabolomics, hepatic circadian rhythms, lipid metabolism, inflammation-related genes, antioxidant capacity, and transcriptome sequencing were performed after euthanasia. Data indicated that KO decreased the intestinal concentrations of amino acids such as γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid, glycine, L-allothreonine, methionine, proline, serine, and valine while it increased the concentrations of carbohydrates such as cellobiose, D-talose, fucose, lyxose, and xylose compared with WT. Moreover, the imbalance of intestinal metabolism further seemed to induce liver dysfunction. Data indicated that Per2 knockout altered the expression of hepatic circadian rhythm genes, such as Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Per3, Cry1, and Cry2. KO also induced hepatic lipid metabolism, because of the increase of liver index and serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, and the upregulated expression of Pparα, Cyp7a1, and Cpt1. In addition, KO improved hepatic antioxidant capacity due to the increase activities of SOD and GSH-Px and the decrease in concentrations of MDA. Lastly, KO increased the relative expression levels of hepatic inflammation-related genes, such as Il-1β, Il-6, Tnf-α, Myd88, and Nf-κB p65, which may potentially lead to hepatic inflammation. Overall, Per2 knockout induces gut metabolic dysregulation and may potentially trigger alterations in hepatic antioxidant and inflammation responses.
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Deibel SH, Lewis LM, Cleary J, Cassell TTS, Skinner DM, Thorpe CM. Unpredictable mealtimes rather than social jetlag affects acquisition and retention of hippocampal dependent memory. Behav Processes 2022; 201:104704. [PMID: 35842197 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some degree of circadian rhythm disruption is hard to avoid in today's society. Along, with many other deleterious effects, circadian rhythm disruption impairs memory. One way to study this is to expose rats to daylengths that are outside the range of entrainment. As a result, circadian processes and behaviours occur during phases of the light dark cycle in which they typically would not. Even brief exposures to these day lengths can impair hippocampal dependent memory. In a recent report, we created an unentrainable light dark cycle that was intended to resemble aspects of social jetlag. As predictable mealtime impacts circadian entrainment, in that report, we also created an unpredictable meal schedule with the idea that failure to entrain to a meal might afford a disadvantage in some instances. Both of these manipulations impaired retention in a spatial water plus-maze task. Using the same manipulations, the present study investigated their effects on acquisition in distributed and massed spatial water plus-maze paradigms. As in other reports with unentrainable daylengths, acquisition was not affected by our lighting manipulation. Conversely, in accordance with our past report, unpredictable mealtimes had a harmful effect on hippocampal dependent memory. Notably, impaired acquisition in the distributed version, and impaired retention in the massed version. In tandem, these data suggest that failure to consolidate or retrieve the information is the likely culprit. The unpredictable mealtime manipulation offers a unique opportunity to study the effects of circadian entrainment on memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Deibel
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Leanna M Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jillian Cleary
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | - Darlene M Skinner
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
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11
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Baeza-Moyano D, Arranz-Paraíso D, Sola Y, González-Lezcano RA. Suitability of blue light filters for eye care. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Dweik H, Kaur J, Jaka S, Faruki F, Shah RP, Amuk Williams OC, Chalia A, Bachu A. Cardiometabolic Comorbidity Risk in Pediatric Patients With Psychiatric Illnesses: A Case-Control Inpatient Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e26326. [PMID: 35911267 PMCID: PMC9314267 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To delineate the differences in the cardiometabolic comorbidities in pediatric patients with medical versus psychiatric illnesses and to determine the risk of association between the spectrum of cardiometabolic comorbidities in pediatric patients with a broad range of psychiatric illnesses. Methods We conducted a case-control study using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS), the largest hospital database in the United States (US) and included 179,550 pediatric patients (age 10-18 years) that were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of psychiatric illness (N = 89,775) and pediatric patients that were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of medical illness (N = 89,775). We used descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test to delineate the differences between pediatric inpatients with medical versus psychiatric illnesses. Results The majority of pediatric patients with psychiatric illnesses were females (58%) and white (62%), with a mean age of 15 years. Cardiometabolic comorbidities were higher in patients admitted for psychiatric illness, with a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism (1.6%) and obesity (7.1%) than in those hospitalized for medical illnesses. Among all cardiometabolic comorbidities, obesity had the highest prevalence across all psychiatric illnesses, measuring eight percent in patients with disruptive behavior disorders, followed by seven percent each in anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders. Diabetes had the lowest prevalence hovering between one and two percent for a spectrum of psychiatric illnesses. Conclusion The prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities is higher in pediatric inpatients with psychiatric illnesses. This calls for timely monitoring of the routine labs and early diagnosis and management of the cardiometabolic comorbidities in this at-risk population.
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13
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Murray A, Tharmalingam S, Khurana S, Lalonde C, Nguyen P, Tai TC. Effect of Prenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure on Circadian Rhythm Gene Expression in the Brains of Adult Rat Offspring. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101613. [PMID: 35626652 PMCID: PMC9139626 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks control many vital aspects of physiology from the sleep-wake cycle to metabolism. The circadian clock operates through transcriptional-translational feedback loops. The normal circadian signaling relies on a ‘master clock’, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which synchronizes peripheral oscillators. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling has the ability to reset the phase of peripheral clocks. It has been shown that maternal exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) can lead to modification of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function, impact stress-related behaviors, and result in a hypertensive state via GR activation. We previously demonstrated altered circadian rhythm signaling in the adrenal glands of offspring exposed to the synthetic GC, dexamethasone (Dex). Results from the current study show that prenatal exposure to Dex affects circadian rhythm gene expression in a brain region-specific and a sex-specific manner within molecular oscillators of the amygdala, hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus, and prefrontal cortex, as well as the main oscillator in the SCN. Results also show that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibited dysregulated circadian rhythm gene expression in these same brain regions compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), although the pattern of dysregulation was markedly different from that seen in adult offspring prenatally exposed to GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Murray
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Christine Lalonde
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Phong Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - T. C. Tai
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-705-662-7239
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15
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Zhen Y, Ge L, Xu Q, Hu L, Wei W, Huang J, Loor JJ, Yang Q, Wang M, Zhou P. Normal Light-Dark and Short-Light Cycles Regulate Intestinal Inflammation, Circulating Short-chain Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota in Period2 Gene Knockout Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:848248. [PMID: 35371053 PMCID: PMC8971677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular environmental light–dark (LD) cycle-regulated period circadian clock 2 (Per2) gene expression is essential for circadian oscillation, nutrient metabolism, and intestinal microbiota balance. Herein, we combined environmental LD cycles with Per2 gene knockout to investigate how LD cycles mediate Per2 expression to regulate colonic and cecal inflammatory and barrier functions, microbiome, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the circulation. Mice were divided into knockout (KO) and wild type (CON) under normal light–dark cycle (NLD) and short-light (SL) cycle for 2 weeks after 4 weeks of adaptation. The concentrations of SCFAs in the serum and large intestine, the colonic and cecal epithelial circadian rhythm, SCFAs transporter, inflammatory and barrier-related genes, and Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing were measured after euthanasia during 10:00–12:00. KO decreased the feeding frequency at 0:00–2:00 but increased at 12:00–14:00 both under NLD and SL. KO upregulated the expression of Per1 and Rev-erbα in the colon and cecum, while it downregulated Clock and Bmal1. In terms of inflammatory and barrier functions, KO increased the expression of Tnf-α, Tlr2, and Nf-κb p65 in the colon and cecum, while it decreased Claudin and Occludin-1. KO decreased the concentrations of total SCFAs and acetate in the colon and cecum, but it increased butyrate, while it had no impact on SCFAs in the serum. KO increased the SCFAs transporter because of the upregulation of Nhe1, Nhe3, and Mct4. Sequencing data revealed that KO improved bacteria α-diversity and increased Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae abundance, while it downregulated Erysipelatoclostridium, Prevotellaceae UCG_001, Olsenella, and Christensenellaceae R-7 under NLD in KO mice. Most of the differential bacterial genus were enriched in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. Overall, Per2 knockout altered circadian oscillation in the large intestine, KO improved intestinal microbiota diversity, the increase in Clostridiales abundance led to the reduction in SCFAs in the circulation, concentrations of total SCFAs and acetate decreased, while butyrate increased and SCFAs transport was enhanced. These alterations may potentially lead to inflammation of the large intestine. Short-light treatment had minor impact on intestinal microbiome and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Ling Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liangyu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Qingyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Mengzhi Wang, ; Ping Zhou,
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Mengzhi Wang, ; Ping Zhou,
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16
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Ahmadi SA, Tranmer JE, Ritonja JA, Flaten L, Topouza DG, Duan QL, Durocher F, Aronson KJ, Bhatti P. DNA methylation of circadian genes and markers of cardiometabolic risk in female hospital workers: An exploratory study. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:735-746. [PMID: 35109725 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2032729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Night shift work has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A compelling yet understudied mechanism involves differential DNA methylation of circadian genes. To investigate the relevance of this mechanism, we conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study of 74 female hospital personnel (38 day workers, 36 night shift workers). Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics as well as shift work status and history were determined through self-report. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure markers of cardiometabolic risk and DNA was extracted to measure DNA methylation of 1150 cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites across 22 circadian genes. Associations between methylation levels at individual CpG sites (β-values) and markers of cardiometabolic risk were analyzed while considering effect modification by shift work status. The false discovery rate was applied to account for multiple comparisons (q ≤ 0.20). Two CpG sites [cg06758649 (CRY1) and cg06899802 (CSNK1A1)] were differentially associated with waist circumference and body mass index by shift work status, and eight CpG sites [cg26103512 (CSNK1D), cg03941313 (CSNK1E), cg18217763 (CSNK1E), cg16682686 (DEC1), cg12061096 (RORA), cg10133825 (RORA), cg19652148 (RORA), and cg22904654 (RORA)] were differentially associated with LDL cholesterol concentration by shift work status (all q ≤ 0.20). Our findings suggest that the relationship between DNA methylation of circadian genes and cardiometabolic risk differs by day and night shift worker status, which may contribute to mechanisms of increased risk of CVD observed among night shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman A Ahmadi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Joan E Tranmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ritonja
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Flaten
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danai G Topouza
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Qing Ling Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Chu de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology Division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Lin Z, Hou G, Yao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu F, Liu L, Zeng L, Yang Y, Ma J. 40-Hz Blue Light Changes Hippocampal Activation and Functional Connectivity Underlying Recognition Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:739333. [PMID: 34975431 PMCID: PMC8716555 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.739333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on light modulation has typically examined the wavelength, intensity, and exposure time of light, and measured rhythm, sleep, and cognitive ability to evaluate the regulatory effects of light variables on physiological and cognitive functions. Although the frequency of light is one of the main dimensions of light, few studies have attempted to manipulate it to test the effect on brain activation and performance. Recently, 40-Hz light stimulation has been proven to significantly alleviate deficits in gamma oscillation of the hippocampus caused by Alzheimer’s disease. Although this oscillation is one of the key functional characteristics of performing memory tasks in healthy people, there is no evidence that 40-Hz blue light exposure can effectively regulate brain activities related to complex cognitive tasks. In the current study, we examined the difference in the effects of 40-Hz light or 0-Hz light exposure on brain activation and functional connectivity during a recognition memory task. Through joint augmentation of visual area activation, 40-Hz light enhanced brain areas mostly in the limbic system that are related to memory, such as the hippocampus and thalamus. Conversely, 0-Hz light enhanced brain areas mostly in the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, functional connection analysis, with the hippocampus as the seed point, showed that 40-Hz light enhanced connection with the superior parietal lobe and reduced the connection with the default network. These results indicate that light at a frequency of 40 Hz can change the activity and functional connection of memory-related core brain areas. They also indicate that in the use of light to regulate cognitive functions, its frequency characteristics merit attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Lin
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gangqiang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youli Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linjing Liu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingwu Zeng
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yatao Yang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junxian Ma
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Caliandro R, Streng AA, van Kerkhof LWM, van der Horst GTJ, Chaves I. Social Jetlag and Related Risks for Human Health: A Timely Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124543. [PMID: 34960096 PMCID: PMC8707256 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The term social jetlag is used to describe the discrepancy between biological time, determined by our internal body clock, and social times, mainly dictated by social obligations such as school or work. In industrialized countries, two-thirds of the studying/working population experiences social jetlag, often for several years. Described for the first time in 2006, a considerable effort has been put into understanding the effects of social jetlag on human physiopathology, yet our understanding of this phenomenon is still very limited. Due to its high prevalence, social jetlag is becoming a primary concern for public health. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding social jetlag, social jetlag associated behavior (e.g., unhealthy eating patterns) and related risks for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Caliandro
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.C.); (A.A.S.); (G.T.J.v.d.H.)
| | - Astrid A. Streng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.C.); (A.A.S.); (G.T.J.v.d.H.)
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Linda W. M. van Kerkhof
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.C.); (A.A.S.); (G.T.J.v.d.H.)
| | - Inês Chaves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.C.); (A.A.S.); (G.T.J.v.d.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-704-3456; Fax: +31-10-704-4743
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19
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Gul S, Rahim F, Isin S, Yilmaz F, Ozturk N, Turkay M, Kavakli IH. Structure-based design and classifications of small molecules regulating the circadian rhythm period. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18510. [PMID: 34531414 PMCID: PMC8445970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is an important mechanism that controls behavior and biochemical events based on 24 h rhythmicity. Ample evidence indicates disturbance of this mechanism is associated with different diseases such as cancer, mood disorders, and familial delayed phase sleep disorder. Therefore, drug discovery studies have been initiated using high throughput screening. Recently the crystal structures of core clock proteins (CLOCK/BMAL1, Cryptochromes (CRY), Periods), responsible for generating circadian rhythm, have been solved. Availability of structures makes amenable core clock proteins to design molecules regulating their activity by using in silico approaches. In addition to that, the implementation of classification features of molecules based on their toxicity and activity will improve the accuracy of the drug discovery process. Here, we identified 171 molecules that target functional domains of a core clock protein, CRY1, using structure-based drug design methods. We experimentally determined that 115 molecules were nontoxic, and 21 molecules significantly lengthened the period of circadian rhythm in U2OS cells. We then performed a machine learning study to classify these molecules for identifying features that make them toxic and lengthen the circadian period. Decision tree classifiers (DTC) identified 13 molecular descriptors, which predict the toxicity of molecules with a mean accuracy of 79.53% using tenfold cross-validation. Gradient boosting classifiers (XGBC) identified 10 molecular descriptors that predict and increase in the circadian period length with a mean accuracy of 86.56% with tenfold cross-validation. Our results suggested that these features can be used in QSAR studies to design novel nontoxic molecules that exhibit period lengthening activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Gul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Rahim
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey
| | - Safak Isin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nuri Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Metin Turkay
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey.
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20
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Shell AL, Jackson RA, Patel JS, Hirsh AT, Cyders MA, Stewart JC. Associations of somatic depressive symptoms with food attentional bias and eating behaviors. Appetite 2021; 167:105593. [PMID: 34246713 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that atypical major depressive disorder (MDD) - whose key features include the reversed somatic symptoms of hyperphagia (increased appetite) and hypersomnia (increased sleep) - is a stronger predictor of future obesity than other MDD subtypes. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. The present study sought to elucidate whether the individual symptoms of hyperphagia, hypersomnia, poor appetite, and disturbed sleep have differential relationships with food attentional bias, emotional eating, external eating, and restrained eating. This cross-sectional laboratory study involved 103 young adults without obesity (mean age = 20 years, 79% female, 26% non-White, mean BMI = 23.4 kg/m2). We measured total depressive symptom severity and individual symptoms of hyperphagia, poor appetite, and disturbed sleep using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-20 (SCL-20) and added an item to assess hypersomnia; food attentional bias using a Food Stroop task; and self-reported eating behaviors using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Hyperphagia was positively associated with emotional eating but negatively associated with food attentional bias. Hypersomnia was negatively associated with emotional eating. Poor appetite was negatively associated with emotional eating. Disturbed sleep was positively associated with food attentional bias and emotional eating. An aggregate of the remaining 15 depressive symptoms (SCL-15) was positively associated with emotional and restrained eating. Our findings highlight the importance of examining the direction of somatic depressive symptoms, and they set the stage for future research to identify subgroups of people with depression at greatest risk for obesity (e.g., those with hyperphagia and/or disturbed sleep) and the mechanisms responsible for this elevated risk (e.g., emotional eating).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Shell
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA
| | - Rachel A Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA
| | - Jay S Patel
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA
| | - Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA
| | - Jesse C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA.
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21
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Lehr AB, McDonald RJ, Thorpe CM, Tetzlaff C, Deibel SH. A local circadian clock for memory? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:946-957. [PMID: 33476672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The master clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus, is believed to control peripheral circadian oscillators throughout the brain and body. However, recent data suggest there is a circadian clock involved in learning and memory, potentially housed in the hippocampus, which is capable of acting independently of the master clock. Curiously, the hippocampal clock appears to be influenced by the master clock and by hippocampal dependent learning, while under certain conditions it may also revert to its endogenous circadian rhythm. Here we propose a mechanism by which the hippocampal clock could locally determine the nature of its entrainment. We introduce a novel theoretical framework, inspired by but extending beyond the hippocampal memory clock, which provides a new perspective on how circadian clocks throughout the brain coordinate their rhythms. Importantly, a local clock for memory would suggest that hippocampal-dependent learning at the same time every day should improve memory, opening up a range of possibilities for non-invasive therapies to alleviate the detrimental effects of circadian rhythm disruption on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Lehr
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Tetzlaff
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Scott H Deibel
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.
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Moyano DB, González Lezcano RA. Indoor Lighting Workplaces. ADVANCES IN CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 2021:243-258. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7279-5.ch012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Office work has so far been carried out in company buildings and was largely based on the use of paper on a horizontal surface. Due to multiple reasons, more workers are working in their homes with electronic devices. As a result, both the working environment and personal tools are changing. Since the discovery about 20 years ago of the non-visual ways of light absorption, it was known that apart from the image forming effects (IF) of light from which the criteria for correct lighting have been developed, non-image forming effects (NIF) of light exist. The discovery of NIF has enhanced researcher belief in the importance of daylighting and has raised new criteria to be taken into account for proper interior lighting. Due to all the factors mentioned above, the parameters to be met by a luminaire and its environment for proper lighting of the workstation have been modified and expanded. The rapid advance in the development of new light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires with which the spectral power distribution (SPD) can be practically created opens the door to a genuine technological revolution comparable to the invention of electric lighting around 150 years ago. The authors of this study will review the latest published studies on the importance of light in our lives, IF and NIF effects of light, the parameters which from these effects are suggested to be taken into account for a correct indoor lighting, the regulations in force on indoor lighting workplaces, and proposals to improve indoor lighting and therefore the quality of life of workers.
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Pevet P, Challet E, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP. Melatonin and the circadian system: Keys for health with a focus on sleep. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:331-343. [PMID: 34225973 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT), secreted during the night by the pineal gland, is an efferent hormonal signal of the master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Consequently, it is a reliable phase marker of the SCN clock. If one defines as "chronobiotic," a drug able to influence the phase and/or the period of the circadian clock, MLT is a very potent one. The most convincing data obtained so far come from studies on totally blind individuals. Exogenous MLT administered daily entrains the sleep-wake cycle of these individuals to a 24-h cycle. MLT, however, is not essential to sleep. In nocturnally, active mammals, MLT is released during the night concomitantly with the daily period of wakefulness. Therefore, MLT cannot be simply considered as a sleep hormone, but rather as a signal of darkness. Its role in the circadian system is to reinforce nighttime physiology, including timing of the sleep-wake cycle and other circadian rhythms. MLT exerts its effects on the sleep cycle especially by a direct action on the master circadian clock. The sleep-wake cycle is depending not only on the circadian clock but also on an orchestrated network of different centers in the brain. Thus, the control of sleep-wake rhythm might be explained by a parallel and concomitant action of MLT on the master clock (chronobiotic effect) and on sleep-related structures within the brain. MLT acts through two high-affinity membrane receptors (MT1 and MT2) with striking differences in their distribution pattern. MLT is a powerful synchronizer of human circadian rhythms, thus justifying the use of MLT and MLT agonists in clinical medicine as pharmacological tools to manipulate the sleep-wake cycle, and to treat sleep disorders and other circadian disorders. Available MLT analogs/drugs are all nonspecific MT1/MT2 agonists. The development of new ligands which are highly selectivity for each subtype is clearly a new challenge for the field and will be at the root of new therapeutic agents for curing specific pathologies, including sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Pevet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Agorastos A, Olff M. Traumatic stress and the circadian system: neurobiology, timing and treatment of posttraumatic chronodisruption. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1833644. [PMID: 33408808 PMCID: PMC7747941 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1833644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Humans have an evolutionary need for a well-preserved internal 'clock', adjusted to the 24-hour rotation period of our planet. This intrinsic circadian timing system enables the temporal organization of numerous physiologic processes, from gene expression to behaviour. The human circadian system is tightly and bidirectionally interconnected to the human stress system, as both systems regulate each other's activity along the anticipated diurnal challenges. The understanding of the temporal relationship between stressors and stress responses is critical in the molecular pathophysiology of stress-and trauma-related diseases, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives/Methods: In this narrative review, we present the functional components of the stress and circadian system and their multilevel interactions and discuss how traumatic stress can affect the harmonious interplay between the two systems. Results: Circadian dysregulation after trauma exposure (posttraumatic chronodisruption) may represent a core feature of trauma-related disorders mediating enduring neurobiological correlates of traumatic stress through a loss of the temporal order at different organizational levels. Posttraumatic chronodisruption may, thus, affect fundamental properties of neuroendocrine, immune and autonomic systems, leading to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptive mechanisms with increased stress sensitivity and vulnerability. Given that many traumatic events occur in the late evening or night hours, we also describe how the time of day of trauma exposure can differentially affect the stress system and, finally, discuss potential chronotherapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Understanding the stress-related mechanisms susceptible to chronodisruption and their role in PTSD could deliver new insights into stress pathophysiology, provide better psychochronobiological treatment alternatives and enhance preventive strategies in stress-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- II. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ARQ Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands
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25
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Van Meter AR, Anderson EA. Evidence Base Update on Assessing Sleep in Youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 49:701-736. [PMID: 33147074 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1802735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is vital to youth well-being and when it becomes disturbed - whether due to environmental or individual factors - mental and physical health suffer. Sleep problems can also be a symptom of underlying mental health disorders. Assessing different components of sleep, including quality and hygiene, can be useful both for identifying mental health problems and for measuring changes in well-being over time. However, there are dozens of sleep-related measures for youth and it can be difficult to determine which to select for a specific research or clinical purpose. The goal of this review was to identify sleep-related measures for clinical and/or research use in youth mental health settings, and to update the evidence base on this topic. METHOD We generated a list of candidate measures based on other reviews and searched in PubMed and PsycINFO using the terms "sleep" AND (measure OR assessment OR questionnaire) AND (psychometric OR reliability OR validity). Search results were limited to studies about children and adolescents (aged 2-17) published in English. Additional criteria for inclusion were that there had to be at least three publications reporting on the measure psychometrics in community or mental health populations. Sleep measures meeting these criteria were evaluated using the criteria set by De Los Reyes and Langer (2018). RESULTS Twenty-six measures, across four domains of sleep - insomnia, sleep hygiene, sleepiness, sleep quality - met inclusion criteria. Each measure had at least adequate clinical utility. No measure(s) emerged as superior across psychometric domains. CONCLUSION Clinicians and researchers must evaluate sleep measures for each use case, as the intended purpose will dictate which measure is best. Future research is necessary to evaluate measure performance in transdiagnostic mental health populations, including youth with serious mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Van Meter
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital.,Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Behavioral Science.,Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
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26
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Garde AH, Begtrup L, Bjorvatn B, Bonde JP, Hansen J, Hansen ÅM, Härmä M, Jensen MA, Kecklund G, Kolstad HA, Larsen AD, Lie JA, Moreno CR, Nabe-Nielsen K, Sallinen M. How to schedule night shift work in order to reduce health and safety risks. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 46:557-569. [PMID: 32895725 PMCID: PMC7737811 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This discussion paper aims to provide scientifically based recommendations on night shift schedules, including consecutive shifts, shift intervals and duration of shifts, which may reduce health and safety risks. Short-term physiological effects in terms of circadian disruption, inadequate sleep duration and quality, and fatigue were considered as possible links between night shift work and selected health and safety risks, namely, cancer, cardio-metabolic disease, injuries, and pregnancy-related outcomes. Method In early 2020, 15 experienced shift work researchers participated in a workshop where they identified relevant scientific literature within their main research area. Results Knowledge gaps and possible recommendations were discussed based on the current evidence. The consensus was that schedules which reduce circadian disruption may reduce cancer risk, particularly for breast cancer, and schedules that optimize sleep and reduce fatigue may reduce the occurrence of injuries. This is generally achieved with fewer consecutive night shifts, sufficient shift intervals, and shorter night shift duration. Conclusions Based on the limited, existing literature, we recommend that in order to reduce the risk of injuries and possibly breast cancer, night shift schedules have: (i) ≤3 consecutive night shifts; (ii) shift intervals of ≥11 hours; and (iii) ≤9 hours shift duration. In special cases - eg, oil rigs and other isolated workplaces with better possibilities to adapt to daytime sleep - additional or other recommendations may apply. Finally, to reduce risk of miscarriage, pregnant women should not work more than one night shift in a week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Helene Garde
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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27
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Deibel SH, Rota R, Steenland HW, Ali K, McNaughton BL, Tatsuno M, McDonald RJ. Assessment of Sleep, K-Complexes, and Sleep Spindles in a T21 Light-Dark Cycle. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:551843. [PMID: 33122986 PMCID: PMC7573124 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.551843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm misalignment has a deleterious impact on the brain and the body. In rats, exposure to a 21-hour day length impairs hippocampal dependent memory. Sleep, and particularly K-complexes and sleep spindles in the cortex, have been hypothesized to be involved in memory consolidation. Altered K-complexes, sleep spindles, or interaction between the cortex and hippocampus could be a mechanism for the memory consolidation failure but has yet to be assessed in any circadian misalignment paradigm. In the current study, continuous local field potential recordings from five rats were used to assess the changes in aspects of behavior and sleep, including wheel running activity, quiet wakefulness, motionless sleep, slow wave sleep, REM sleep, K-complexes and sleep spindles, in rats exposed to six consecutive days of a T21 light-dark cycle (L9:D12). Except for a temporal redistribution of sleep and activity during the T21, there were no changes in period, or total amount for any aspect of sleep or activity. These data suggest that the memory impairment elicited from 6 days of T21 exposure is likely not due to changes in sleep architecture. It remains possible that hippocampal plasticity is affected by experiencing light when subjective circadian phase is calling for dark. However, if there is a reduction in hippocampal plasticity, changes in sleep appear not to be driving this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Deibel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan Rota
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Hendrik W Steenland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,NeuroTek Innovative Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karim Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Bruce L McNaughton
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Masami Tatsuno
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Kim W, Shin JC, Lee KH, Kim KT. PTBP1 Positively Regulates the Translation of Circadian Clock Gene, Period1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186921. [PMID: 32967200 PMCID: PMC7555454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian oscillations of mRNAs and proteins are the main features of circadian clock genes. Among them, Period1 (Per1) is a key component in negative-feedback regulation, which shows a robust diurnal oscillation and the importance of circadian rhythm and translational regulation of circadian clock genes has been recognized. In the present study, we investigated the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the mouse core clock gene, Per1, at the posttranscriptional level, particularly its translational regulation. The 5'-UTR of Per1 was found to promote its translation via an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). We found that polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) binds to the 5'-UTR of Per1 and positively regulates the IRES-mediated translation of Per1 without affecting the levels of Per1 mRNA. The reduction of PTBP1 level also decreased the endogenous levels of the PER1 protein but not of its mRNA. As for the oscillation of PER1 expression, the disruption of PTBP1 levels lowered the PER1 expression but not the phase of the oscillation. PTBP1 also changed the amplitudes of the mRNAs of other circadian clock genes, such as Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) and Per3. Our results suggest that the PTBP1 is important for rhythmic translation of Per1 and it fine-tunes the overall circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanil Kim
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Hanuidae-ro 1, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38610, Korea;
| | | | - Kyung-Ha Lee
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Hanuidae-ro 1, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38610, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (K.-T.K.); Tel.: +82-53-819-7743 (K.-H.L.); +82-54-279-2297 (K.-T.K.)
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (K.-T.K.); Tel.: +82-53-819-7743 (K.-H.L.); +82-54-279-2297 (K.-T.K.)
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Wall J, Xie H, Wang X. Interaction of Sleep and Cortical Structural Maintenance From an Individual Person Microlongitudinal Perspective and Implications for Precision Medicine Research. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:769. [PMID: 32848551 PMCID: PMC7411006 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep and maintenance of brain structure are essential for the continuity of a person's cognitive/mental health. Interestingly, whether normal structural maintenance of the brain and sleep continuously interact in some way over day-week-month times has never been assessed at an individual-person level. This study used unconventional microlongitudinal sampling, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and n-of-1 analyses to assess normal interactions between fluctuations in the structural maintenance of cerebral cortical thickness and sleep duration for day, week, and multi-week intervals over a 6-month period in a healthy adult man. Correlation and time series analyses provided indications of "if-then," i.e., "if" this preceded "then" this followed, sleep-to-thickness maintenance and thickness maintenance-to-sleep bidirectional inverse interactions. Inverse interaction patterns were characterized by concepts of graded influences across nights, bilaterally positive relationships, continuity across successive weeks, and longer delayed/prolonged effects in the thickness maintenance-to-sleep than sleep-to-thickness maintenance direction. These interactions are proposed to involve normal circadian/allostatic/homeostatic mechanisms that continuously influence, and are influenced by, cortical substrate remodeling/turnover and sleep/wake cycle. Understanding interactions of individual person "-omics" is becoming a central interest in precision medicine research. The present n-of-1 findings contribute to this interest and have implications for precision medicine research use of a person's cortical structural and sleep "-omics" to optimize the continuous maintenance of that individual's cortical structure, sleep, and cognitive/mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
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30
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Li Q, Zheng L, Yang F, Li H, Li J, Cheng D. Effects of regular exercise on sleep and activity status in aging and Clk RNAi Drosophila melanogaster. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1566990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, China
| | - Hanzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, China
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31
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Stone RA, Wei W, Sarfare S, McGeehan B, Engelhart KC, Khurana TS, Maguire MG, Iuvone PM, Nickla DL. Visual Image Quality Impacts Circadian Rhythm-Related Gene Expression in Retina and in Choroid: A Potential Mechanism for Ametropias. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:13. [PMID: 32396635 PMCID: PMC7405616 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Stimulated by evidence implicating diurnal/circadian rhythms and light in refractive development, we studied the expression over 24 hours of selected clock and circadian rhythm-related genes in retina/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid of experimental ametropias in chicks. Methods Newly hatched chicks, entrained to a 12-hour light/dark cycle for 12 to 14 days, either experienced nonrestricted vision OU (i.e., in both eyes) or received an image-blurring diffuser or a minus 10-diopter (D) or a plus 10-D defocusing lens over one eye. Starting 1 day later and at 4-hour intervals for 24 hours, the retina/RPE and choroid were separately dissected. Without pooling, total RNA was extracted, converted to cDNA, and assayed by quantitative PCR for the expression of the following genes: Opn4m, Clock, Npas2, Per3, Cry1, Arntl, and Mtnr1a. Results The expression of each gene in retina/RPE and in choroid of eyes with nonrestricted vision OU varied over 24 hours, with equal levels OU for most genes and times. Altered visual input influenced gene expression in complex patterns that varied by gene, visual input, time, and eye, affecting experimental eyes with altered vision and also contralateral eyes with nonrestricted vision. Discussion Altering visual input in ways known to induce ametropias alters the retinal/RPE and choroidal expression of circadian rhythm-related genes, further linking circadian biology with eye growth regulation. While further investigations are needed, studying circadian processes may help understand refractive mechanisms and the increasing myopia prevalence in contemporary societies where lighting patterns can desynchronize endogenous rhythms from the natural environmental light/dark cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shanta Sarfare
- Department of Bioscience, New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Brendan McGeehan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - K. Cameron Engelhart
- Department of Bioscience, New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tejvir S. Khurana
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Maureen G. Maguire
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - P. Michael Iuvone
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Debora L. Nickla
- Department of Bioscience, New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Deibel SH, McDonald RJ, Kolla NJ. Are Owls and Larks Different When it Comes to Aggression? Genetics, Neurobiology, and Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:39. [PMID: 32256322 PMCID: PMC7092663 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the contribution of circadian rhythms to aggression with a multifaceted approach incorporating genetics, neural networks, and behavior. We explore the hypothesis that chronic circadian misalignment is contributing to increased aggression. Genes involved in both circadian rhythms and aggression are discussed as a possible mechanism for increased aggression that might be elicited by circadian misalignment. We then discuss the neural networks underlying aggression and how dysregulation in the interaction of these networks evoked by circadian rhythm misalignment could contribute to aggression. The last section of this review will present recent human correlational data demonstrating the association between chronotype and/or circadian misalignment with aggression. With circadian rhythms and aggression being a burgeoning area of study, we hope that this review initiates more interest in this promising and topical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Deibel
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AL, Canada
| | - Nathan J Kolla
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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33
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BaHammam AS, Almeneessier AS. Recent Evidence on the Impact of Ramadan Diurnal Intermittent Fasting, Mealtime, and Circadian Rhythm on Cardiometabolic Risk: A Review. Front Nutr 2020; 7:28. [PMID: 32219098 PMCID: PMC7078334 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we reviewed recent data that examined the relationship of circadian rhythm, mealtime, and intermittent fasting with the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction. We also examined the effect of their interactions on cardiometabolic risks. Furthermore, since major differences exists between Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting compared to other forms of experimental intermittent fasting, in this article, we further restricted the discussion to Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using “intermittent fasting,” “time-restricted feeding,” “fasting,” “mealtime,” “circadian rhythm,” and “cardiometabolic risk,” focusing on human studies published after 2013. Recent evidence indicates that meal timing may influence circadian rhythm, as a result, it may also directly or indirectly impact cardiometabolic risk. In humans, several studies suggested that late mealtime is related to an increased risk of poor cardiometabolic health. Nevertheless, large clinical interventional studies are required to assess causality between late mealtime and cardiometabolic morbidity. Currently, evidence indicates that Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting has several beneficial effects that may reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disorders, such as weight reduction, improvement in lipid profile and glycemic control, reduction in proinflammatory markers, and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, several changes in daily lifestyle routine, happening during the Ramadan month, may affect the all measured markers of cardiometabolic diseases. Summarily, no definitive conclusion about the impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting on oxidative stress can be formulated. Therefore, large, well-designed studies, which control for various confounding factors are required to assess the influence of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting on markers of cardiometabolic risk and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljohara S Almeneessier
- Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Subhadeep D, Srikumar BN, Shankaranarayana Rao BS, Kutty BM. Short photoperiod restores ventral subicular lesion‐induced deficits in affective and socio‐cognitive behavior in male Wistar rats. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1114-1136. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duttagupta Subhadeep
- Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru India
| | - Bettadapura N. Srikumar
- Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru India
| | | | - Bindu M. Kutty
- Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru India
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35
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Suppression of voluntary ethanol intake in mice under constant light and constant darkness. Alcohol 2020; 83:37-46. [PMID: 31175946 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in photoperiod are associated with alterations in human mood and behavior. Similarly, manipulation of the environmental lighting regimen can exert pronounced effects on affective behavior in experimental animals. These observations may be due, in part, to light-induced alterations in circadian rhythms, but it seems likely that other, non-circadian factors also contribute. Several studies have shown that voluntary alcohol (ethanol) consumption can be affected by lighting conditions in rodents, suggesting that photoperiodic variation may account for seasonal and geographic patterns of human alcohol consumption. Nevertheless, the existing animal data are somewhat inconsistent, and little work in this area has been performed in mice. In the present study, we monitored circadian activity rhythms and voluntary ethanol consumption under standard 12:12 light-dark (LD) cycles, and in constant light (LL) and constant darkness (DD). Experiment 1 employed male C3H/He inbred mice, while Experiment 2 employed males and females from a genetically heterogeneous line (WSC). Relative to LD conditions, ethanol intake and ethanol preference were reduced under both LL and DD in both experiments. Because similar effects were seen in both LL and DD, neither circadian disruption nor a classical photoperiodic mechanism are likely to account fully for these findings. Instead, we suggest that the absence of circadian entrainment may function as a mild stressor, resulting in reduced ethanol consumption.
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Newman AW, Deibel SH, Lewis LM, Viguers KB, Thorpe CM. Brief circadian rhythm disruption does not impair hippocampal dependent memory when rats are over-trained and given more re-entrainment days. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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Lewis LM, Deibel SH, Cleary J, Viguers KB, Jones KA, Skinner DM, Hallett D, Thorpe CM. Learning and memory in a rat model of social jetlag that also incorporates mealtime. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1716557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M. Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Scott H. Deibel
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Jillian Cleary
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Kayla B. Viguers
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Karen A. Jones
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Darlene M. Skinner
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Darcy Hallett
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Christina M. Thorpe
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
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Van Laake LW, Lüscher TF, Young ME. The circadian clock in cardiovascular regulation and disease: Lessons from the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:2326-2329. [PMID: 29309706 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linda W Van Laake
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center, Heideberglaan 100, CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, Sidney Street, London, UK
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th St. S., ZRB 308, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Kupferschmid BJ, Rowsey PJ, Riviera M. Characterization of Spatial Learning and Sickness Responses in Aging Rats Following Recurrent Lipopolysaccharide Administration. Biol Res Nurs 2019; 22:92-102. [PMID: 31601118 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419875824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infections in older individuals can result in cognitive function decline, yet research is limited on how recurrent infections affect cognitive responses. Activation of the immune system results in sickness responses mediated by cytokines. This pilot study examined effects of a model of recurrent infection in aged, male Brown Norway rats on sickness responses, including spatial learning, and cytokine levels. To model initial and recurrent infection, 300 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline was administered 1/day for 2 consecutive days during 2 weeks separated by 16 days. Testing occurred for 6 days during each LPS injection week using the Morris water maze, a measure used to evaluate spatial learning. Directional heading error (DHE) and swim time latency served as spatial learning indices. Retention tests and probe trials assessed memory. Plasma cytokine levels were assessed 5 and 24 hr after each LPS injection during Week 2. While food intake and weight decreased significantly in LPS-injected rats compared to controls during Week 1, both displayed increased DHE. Despite exhibiting lessened sickness behaviors during Week 2, experimental animals still displayed spatial learning deficits. Probe trials revealed memory deficits in LPS-injected animals. Interleukin 6 level was higher in the experimental group 5 and 24 hr after LPS injection on Day 1 compared to Day 2 and higher in the experimental compared to the control group at 5 hr on Day 1. Cognitive effects were dissociated from metabolic effects in aged rats, with recurring LPS exposure resulting in persistent cognitive impairment despite decreased sickness responses. Further research with older individuals is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela J Rowsey
- School of Nursing, Adult Health Nursing, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Michael Riviera
- School of Nursing, The University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA
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40
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Shen J, Tower J. Effects of light on aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 53:100913. [PMID: 31154014 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests an important role for light in regulation of aging and longevity. UV radiation is a mutagen that can promote aging and decrease longevity. In contrast, NIR light has shown protective effects in animal disease models. In invertebrates, visible light can shorten or extend lifespan, depending on the intensity and wavelength composition. Visible light also impacts human health, including retina function, sleep, cancer and psychiatric disorders. Possible mechanisms of visible light include: controlling circadian rhythms, inducing oxidative stress, and acting through the retina to affect neuronal circuits and systems. Changes in artificial lighting (e.g., LEDs) may have implications for human health. It will be important to further explore the mechanisms of how light affects aging and longevity, and how light affects human health.
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41
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Gibert-Ramos A, Ibars M, Salvadó MJ, Crescenti A. Response to the photoperiod in the white and brown adipose tissues of Fischer 344 rats fed a standard or cafeteria diet. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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42
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Klosen P, Lapmanee S, Schuster C, Guardiola B, Hicks D, Pevet P, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP. MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors are expressed in nonoverlapping neuronal populations. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12575. [PMID: 30937953 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) exerts its physiological effects principally through two high-affinity membrane receptors MT1 and MT2. Understanding the exact mechanism of MLT action necessitates the use of highly selective agonists/antagonists to stimulate/inhibit a given MLT receptor. The respective distribution of MT1 and MT2 within the CNS and elsewhere is controversial, and here we used a "knock-in" strategy replacing MT1 or MT2 coding sequences with a LacZ reporter. The data show striking differences in the distribution of MT1 and MT2 receptors in the mouse brain: whereas the MT1 subtype was expressed in very few structures (notably including the suprachiasmatic nucleus and pars tuberalis), MT2 subtype receptors were identified within numerous brain regions including the olfactory bulb, forebrain, hippocampus, amygdala and superior colliculus. Co-expression of the two subtypes was observed in very few structures, and even within these areas they were rarely present in the same individual cell. In conclusion, the expression and distribution of MT2 receptors are much more widespread than previously thought, and there is virtually no correspondence between MT1 and MT2 cellular expression. The precise phenotyping of cells/neurons containing MT1 or MT2 receptor subtypes opens new perspectives for the characterization of links between MLT brain targets, MLT actions and specific MLT receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Klosen
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarawut Lapmanee
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - David Hicks
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Pevet
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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43
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Deibel SH, Young B, Mohajerani MH, McDonald RJ. Activity Rhythms Are Largely Intact in APPNL-G-F Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:213-225. [PMID: 31356203 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm dysfunction is present in Alzheimer's disease. Animal models of Alzheimer's disease have been employed to investigate whether this dysfunction is a risk factor or symptom of the disease. The circadian phenotype in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease is very disparate in terms of the degree and timing of the dysfunction. This is likely a result of some models elevating amyloid-β protein precursor instead of just the amyloid-β fragment present in human Alzheimer's disease. We characterized activity rhythms in a novel knock-in mouse model (APPNL-G-F) of Alzheimer's disease that elevates amyloid-β without overexpressing amyloid-β protein precursor. Despite increased rhythm amplitude, total activity, and a shortening of free-running period at 15 months of age, all other aspects of the activity rhythm were similar to controls from three to fifteen months of age. At two months of age, these mice were also able to entrain to a light-dark cycle with a period right on the edge of entrainment, which further suggests a healthy functioning circadian system. These data open the possibility that circadian rhythm disruptions in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease could be a result of these models having an artificial phenotype caused by overexpression of amyloid-β protein precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Deibel
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.,Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Bryant Young
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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44
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Meng S, Zhou H, Feng Z, Xu Z, Tang Y, Wu M. Epigenetics in Neurodevelopment: Emerging Role of Circular RNA. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:327. [PMID: 31379511 PMCID: PMC6658887 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodeling, play a role in numerous life processes, particularly neurodevelopment. Epigenetics explains the development of cells in an organism with the same DNA sequence into different cell types with various functions. However, previous studies on epigenetics have only focused on the chromatin level. Recently, epigenetic modifications of RNA, which mainly include 6-methyladenosine (m6A), pseudouridine, 5-methylcytidine (m5C), inosine (I), 2′-O-ribosemethylation, and 1-methyladenosine (m1A), have gained increasing attention. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are a type of non-coding RNA without a 5′ cap or 3′ poly (A) tail, are abundantly found in the brain and might respond to and regulate synaptic function. Also, circRNAs have various functions, such as microRNA sponge, regulation of gene transcription and interaction with RNA binding protein. In addition, circRNAs are methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In this review, we discuss the crucial roles of epigenetic modifications of circRNAs, such as m6A, in the genesis and development of neurons and in synaptic function and plasticity. Thus, this type of changes in circRNAs might be a therapeutic target in central nervous system (CNS) disorders and could aid the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Meng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hecheng Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyang Feng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zihao Xu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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45
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Altered ocular parameters from circadian clock gene disruptions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217111. [PMID: 31211778 PMCID: PMC6581257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of refractive errors is poorly understood. Myopia (nearsightedness) in particular both blurs vision and predisposes the eye to many blinding diseases during adulthood. Based on past findings of diurnal variations in the dimensions of the eyes of humans and other vertebrates, altered diurnal rhythms of these ocular dimensions with experimentally induced myopia, and evolving evidence that ambient light exposures influence refractive development, we assessed whether disturbances in circadian signals might alter the refractive development of the eye. In mice, retinal-specific knockout of the clock gene Bmal1 induces myopia and elongates the vitreous chamber, the optical compartment separating the lens and the retina. These alterations simulate common ocular findings in clinical myopia. In Drosophila melanogaster, knockouts of the clock genes cycle or period lengthen the pseudocone, the optical component of the ommatidium that separates the facet lens from the photoreceptors. Disrupting circadian signaling thus alters optical development of the eye in widely separated species. We propose that mechanisms of myopia include circadian dysregulation, a frequent occurrence in modern societies where myopia also is both highly prevalent and increasing at alarming rates. Addressing circadian dysregulation may improve understanding of the pathogenesis of refractive errors and introduce novel therapeutic approaches to ameliorate myopia development in children.
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Noda M, Iwamoto I, Tabata H, Yamagata T, Ito H, Nagata KI. Role of Per3, a circadian clock gene, in embryonic development of mouse cerebral cortex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5874. [PMID: 30971765 PMCID: PMC6458147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Per3 is one of the primary components of circadian clock system. While circadian dysregulation is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric diseases. It remains largely unknown whether they participate in embryonic brain development. Here, we examined the role of clock gene Per3 in the development of mouse cerebral cortex. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that Per3 is expressed in the developing mouse cortex. Acute knockdown of Per3 with in utero electroporation caused abnormal positioning of cortical neurons, which was rescued by RNAi-resistant Per3. Per3-deficient cells showed abnormal migration phenotypes, impaired axon extension and dendritic arbor formation. Taken together, Per3 was found to play a pivotal role in corticogenesis via regulation of excitatory neuron migration and synaptic network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Noda
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ikuko Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tabata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | | | - Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan.
- Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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47
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Kahl KG, Stapel B, Frieling H. Link between depression and cardiovascular diseases due to epigenomics and proteomics: Focus on energy metabolism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:146-157. [PMID: 30194950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of years lived with disability. In addition to the burden attributed to depressive symptoms and reduced daily life functioning, people with major depression are at increased risk of premature mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular diseases. Several studies point to a bi-directional relation between major depression and cardiovascular diseases, thereby indicating that both diseases may share common pathophysiological pathways. These include lifestyle factors (e.g. physical activity, smoking behavior), dysfunctions of endocrine systems (e.g. hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis), and a dysbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, recent research point to the role of epigenomic and proteomic factors, that are reviewed here with a particular focus on the mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai G Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
| | - Britta Stapel
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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Gibert-Ramos A, Palacios-Jordan H, Salvadó MJ, Crescenti A. Consumption of out-of-season orange modulates fat accumulation, morphology and gene expression in the adipose tissue of Fischer 344 rats. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:621-631. [PMID: 30788591 PMCID: PMC7058598 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE According to the xenohormesis theory, animals receive signals from plants that give clues about the changing environment, and thus, depending on the season of the year, animals develop physiological changes to adapt in advance to the seasonal changes. Our objective was to study how the same fruit cultivated during two different seasons could affect the adipose tissue of rats. METHODS Thirty-six Fischer 344 rats were acclimated for 4 weeks to long-day or short-day (SD) photoperiods. After adaptation, three groups (n = 6) from each photoperiod were supplemented either with orange from the northern (ON) or southern (OS) hemispheres harvested in the same month or a vehicle (VH) for 10 weeks. Biometric measurements, postprandial plasmatic parameters, gene expression of the inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the histology of the IWAT were analysed. RESULTS The OSSD group increased its fat content compared to the VHSD, while the ON groups showed no biometric differences. The OS groups were further studied, and the IWAT showed increased levels of Pparγ gene expression and a higher percentage of larger adipocytes compared to the VH group. The BAT showed down-regulation of Lpl, Cpt1b and Pparα in the OSSD group compared to that in the VHSD group, suggesting an inhibition of BAT activity, however, Ucp1 gene expression was up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS We observed a different effect from both fruits, with the OS promoting a phenotype prone to fat accumulation when consumed in an SD photoperiod, which might be explained by the xenohormesis theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Hector Palacios-Jordan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
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49
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Winsky-Sommerer R, de Oliveira P, Loomis S, Wafford K, Dijk DJ, Gilmour G. Disturbances of sleep quality, timing and structure and their relationship with other neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia: Insights from studies in patient populations and animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:112-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review synthesized recent research related to obesity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders, with a focus on epidemiology, mechanisms, and weight management approaches. The paper reviews literature on depressive and anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Depression has a bidirectional relationship with obesity. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and their treatments, increase the risk of developing obesity. Mechanisms underlying this weight gain include lifestyle and environmental factors and psychiatric medications, though emerging evidence has also suggested the role of genetic and neuroendocrine processes. Evidence about the most effective treatments for obesity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders remains limited. Adolescents with psychiatric disorders are at high risk for obesity. Close monitoring for increases in weight and cardiometabolic risk factors with use of antipsychotic and mood-stabilizing medications is recommended. Clinical trials are needed that test the efficacy of weight management strategies for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M. Chao
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences;,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Robert I. Berkowitz
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry;,Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
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