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Andrews P, Vega JN, Szymkowicz SM, Newhouse P, Tyndale R, Elson D, Kang H, Siddiqi S, Tyner EB, Mather K, Gunning FM, Taylor WD. Effects of open-label transdermal nicotine antidepressant augmentation on affective symptoms and executive function in late-life depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:416-424. [PMID: 39009312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by a poor response to antidepressant medications and diminished cognitive performance, particularly in executive functioning. There is currently no accepted pharmacotherapy for LLD that effectively treats both mood and cognitive symptoms. This study investigated whether transdermal nicotine augmentation of standard antidepressant medications benefitted mood and cognitive symptoms in LLD. METHODS Nonsmoking participants aged 60 years or older with unremitted LLD on stable SSRI or SNRI medications (N = 29) received transdermal nicotine patches up to a 21 mg daily dose over 12 weeks. Clinical measures assessed depression severity, secondary affective symptoms, and cognitive performance. Nicotine metabolite concentrations were obtained from blood samples. RESULTS Depression severity significantly decreased over the trial, with a 76 % response rate and 59 % remission rate. Change in depression severity was positively associated with nicotine exposure. Participants also exhibited improvement in self-reported affective symptoms (apathy, insomnia, rumination, and generalized anxiety symptoms), negativity bias, and disability. Executive function test performance significantly improved, specifically in measures of cognitive control, as did subjective cognitive performance. Adverse events were generally mild, with 75 % of the sample tolerating the maximum dose. CONCLUSION The current study extends our previous pilot open-label trial in LLD, supporting feasibility and tolerability of transdermal nicotine patches as antidepressant augmentation. Although preliminary, this open-label study supports the potential benefit of transdermal nicotine patches for both mood and cognitive symptoms of LLD. Further research, including definitive randomized, blinded trials, is warranted to confirm these findings and explore long-term risk and benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04433767).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Andrews
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer N Vega
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah M Szymkowicz
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel Tyndale
- Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damian Elson
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah Siddiqi
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Tyner
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathleen Mather
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Faith M Gunning
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Soares ÉN, Costa ACDS, Ferrolho GDJ, Ureshino RP, Getachew B, Costa SL, da Silva VDA, Tizabi Y. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Glial Cells as Molecular Target for Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:474. [PMID: 38534318 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) is the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has also been implicated. Current intervention in PD is focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief but does not address neuronal loss and the progression of the disease. It has been well established that neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) can regulate DA release and that nicotine itself may have neuroprotective effects. Recent studies identified nAChRs in nonneuronal cell types, including glial cells, where they may regulate inflammatory responses. Given the crucial role of neuroinflammation in dopaminergic degeneration and the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in this response, glial nAChRs may provide a novel therapeutic target in the prevention and/or treatment of PD. In this review, following a brief discussion of PD, we focus on the role of glial cells and, specifically, their nAChRs in PD pathology and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Dos Santos Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Jesus Ferrolho
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09961-400, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Alizadeh Pahlavani H. Possible role of exercise therapy on depression: Effector neurotransmitters as key players. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114791. [PMID: 38048912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
About 280 million people suffer from depression as the most common neurological disorder and the most common cause of death worldwide. Exercise with serotonin released in the brain by the 5-HT3-IGF-1 mechanism can lead to antidepressant effects. Swimming exercise has antidepressant effects by increasing the sensitivity of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, increasing 5-HT and 5HIAA levels, increasing TPH and serotonin, and decreasing inflammatory levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Anaerobic and aerobic exercises increase beta-endorphin, enkephalin, and dynorphin and have antidepressant effects. Exercise by increasing dopamine, D1R, and D2R leads to the expression of BDNF and activation of TrkB and has antidepressant behavior. Exercise leads to a significant increase in GABAAR (γ2 and α2 subunits) and reduces neurodegenerative disorders caused by GABA imbalance through anti-inflammatory pathways. By increasing glutamate and PGC1α and reducing glutamatergic neurotoxicity, exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis and prevents neurodegeneration and the onset of depression. Irisin release during exercise shows an important role in depression by increasing dopamine, BDNF, NGF, and IGF-1 and decreasing inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and IL-1β. In addition, exercise-induced orexin and NPY can increase hippocampal neurogenesis and relieve depression. After exercise, the tryptophan to large neutral amino acids (TRP/LNAA) ratio and the tryptophan to branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) ratio increase, which may have antidepressant effects. The expression of M5 receptor and nAChR α7 increases after exercise and significantly increases dopamine and acetylcholine and ameliorates depression. It appears that during exercise, muscarinic receptors can reduce depression through dopamine in the absence of acetylcholine. Therefore, exercise can be used to reduce depression by affecting neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, cytokines, and/or neurotrophins.
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Chen X, Li J, Liu J, Liu X, Deng M, Dong X, Yang Y. The association of sun-cured tobacco and cigarette use with global cognitive function, verbal fluency and memory in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-09. [PMID: 38229665 PMCID: PMC10789182 DOI: 10.18332/tid/175973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some elderly people in China prefer sun-cured tobacco to cigarettes, and the composition of sun-cured tobacco and cigarettes is inconsistent. The influence of cigarettes on the cognitive function of COPD patients has been widely reported, but the research on sun-cured tobacco is relatively rare. Our study explored the association of sun-cured tobacco and cigarette use with cognitive decline in COPD patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 401 COPD patients were included, and 190, 103, and 108 participants were included in non-smoking, cigarette-smoking, and sun-cured tobacco groups, respectively. We evaluated the global cognitive function using the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, verbal fluency function using an animal fluency test, and memory function using ten unrelated words. RESULTS The participants of both cigarette-smoking (AOR=11.18; 95% CI: 1.28- 97.5) and sun-cured tobacco (AOR=10.46; 95% CI: 1.14-96.4) groups were more likely to develop mild cognitive impairment compared to the non-smoking group. The mean z scores of global cognitive function, verbal fluency, and memory were lower in cigarette-smoking and sun-cured tobacco groups than those in a non-smoking group; Multivariable linear regression showed that global cognitive function (β= -0.61; 95% CI: -1.04 - -0.18; and β= -0.48; 95% CI: -0.91 - -0.05) and verbal fluency (β= -0.79; 95% CI: -1.33 - -0.26; and β= -0.69; 95% CI: -1.23 - -0.16) of the sun-cured tobacco group and the cigarette-smoking group were significantly lower than those of the non-smoking group when adjusting for demographic and disease-related characteristics. However, there was no significant difference between the cigarette-smoking and sun-cured tobacco groups in global cognitive function, verbal fluency, and memory. CONCLUSIONS Compared with non-smokers, the use of cigarettes and sun-cured tobacco may damage the cognitive function of COPD patients, especially in global cognitive function and verbal fluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Medicine, Qionglai Medical Center Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Menghui Deng
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunhu Dong
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Yang
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mineur YS, Soares AR, Etherington IM, Abdulla ZI, Picciotto MR. Pathophysiology of nAChRs: limbic circuits and related disorders. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106745. [PMID: 37011774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Human epidemiological studies have identified links between nicotine intake and stress disorders, including anxiety, depression and PTSD. Here we review the clinical evidence for activation and desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) relevant to affective disorders. We go on to describe clinical and preclinical pharmacological studies suggesting that nAChR function may be involved in the etiology of anxiety and depressive disorders, may be relevant targets for medication development, and may contribute to the antidepressant efficacy of non-nicotinic therapeutics. We then review what is known about nAChR function in a subset of limbic system areas (amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex), and how this contributes to stress-relevant behaviors in preclinical models that may be relevant to human affective disorders. Taken together, the preclinical and clinical literature point to a clear role for ACh signaling through nAChRs in regulation of behavioral responses to stress. Disruption of nAChR homeostasis is likely to contribute to the psychopathology observed in anxiety and depressive disorders. Targeting specific nAChRs may therefore be a strategy for medication development to treat these disorders or to augment the efficacy of current therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa R Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3rd Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - Ian M Etherington
- Department of Psychiatry, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3rd Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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Demographics, clinical characteristics and cognitive symptoms of heavy smokers and non-heavy smokers in Chinese male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1325-1333. [PMID: 35474549 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown a high smoking rate and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. The effects of smoking and nicotine intake on cognitive function in schizophrenia are still controversial. In this study, we divided patients into heavy smoking and non-heavy smoking groups and compared the clinical characteristics and cognitive symptoms between the two groups in Chinese male patients with schizophrenia. A total of 154 heavy smoking patients and 372 non-heavy smoking patients were recruited. They completed a detailed questionnaire including general and socio-demographic data. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was rated for psychopathology. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to assess the degree of nicotine dependence. Heavy smokers were younger, started smoking earlier and had a higher FTND total score than non-heavy smoking patients. Moreover, we found that heavy smokers had significantly lower negative symptom scores and cognitive factor scores than non-heavy smokers. Logistic regression analysis showed that cognitive factor score and age of initial smoking were significantly associated with heavy smoking. Linear regression analysis showed that cognitive factor score, age of initial smoking and dose of antipsychotics were significant predictors of the amount of smoking. Our findings suggest that there are significant differences in some demographic and clinical variables between heavy and non-heavy smokers in Chinese male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Moreover, heavy smokers have less cognitive symptoms, suggesting that heavy smoking may be beneficial for cognition of patients with schizophrenia.
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Kholghi G, Arjmandi-Rad S, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and depression: what happens to the neurotransmitter systems? NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:629-642. [PMID: 35294606 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a herbaceous plant containing many bioactive molecules including naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinol derivatives, flavonoids, bioflavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and chlorogenic acid. Evidence has shown the therapeutic effects of St. John's wort and especially its two major active components, hyperforin and hypericin, on different psychiatric and mood disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety disorders. St. John's wort also induces antidepressant effects. In this review study, we aimed to discuss the role of St. John's wort in modulating depression, with respect to the role of different neurotransmitter systems in the brain. We discussed changes in the neurotransmitter levels in depression, and following use of St. John's wort. It was concluded that changes in the function and level of neurotransmitters in depression are complex. Also, St. John's wort can induce inconsistent effects on neurotransmitter levels. We also found that glutamate and acetylcholine may be the most important neurotransmitters to study in future works, because the function of both neurotransmitters in depression is unclear. In addition, St. John's wort induces a dualistic modulation on the activity of cholinergic signaling, which can be an interesting topic for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Shirin Arjmandi-Rad
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1419815477, Karaj, Iran.
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Delijewski M, Radad K, Krewenka C, Kranner B, Moldzio R. The Reassessed Impact of Nicotine against Neurotoxicity in Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Cell Cultures and Neuroblastoma N18TG2 Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:548-558. [PMID: 34229355 DOI: 10.1055/a-1527-1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective effects of nicotine are still under debate, so further studies on its effectiveness against Parkinson's disease are required. In our present study, we used primary dopaminergic cell cultures and N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells to investigate the effect of nicotine and its neuroprotective potential against rotenone toxicity. Nicotine protected dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive) neurons against rotenone. This effect was not nAChR receptor-dependent. Moreover, the alkaloid at a concentration of 5 µM caused an increase in neurite length, and at a concentration of 500 µM, it caused an increase in neurite count in dopaminergic cells exposed to rotenone. Nicotine alone was not toxic in either cell culture model, while the highest tested concentration of nicotine (500 µM) caused growth inhibition of N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells. Nicotine alone increased the level of glutathione in both cell cultures and also in rotenone-treated neuroblastoma cells. The obtained results may be helpful to explain the potential neuroprotective action of nicotine on neural cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Delijewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Christopher Krewenka
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kranner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Moldzio
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Hong SW, Teesdale-Spittle P, Page R, Ellenbroek B, Truman P. Biologically Active Compounds Present in Tobacco Smoke: Potential Interactions Between Smoking and Mental Health. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:885489. [PMID: 35557609 PMCID: PMC9087043 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.885489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco dependence remains one of the major preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are well over 8,000 compounds present in tobacco and tobacco smoke, but we do not know what effect, if any, many of them have on smokers. Major interest has been on nicotine, as well as on toxic and carcinogenic effects and several major and minor components of tobacco smoke responsible for the negative health effects of smoking have been elucidated. Smokers themselves report a variety of positive effects from smoking, including effects on depression, anxiety and mental acuity. Smoking has also been shown to have protective effects in Parkinson’s Disease. Are the subjective reports of a positive effect of smoking due to nicotine, of some other components of tobacco smoke, or are they a manifestation of the relief from nicotine withdrawal symptoms that smoking provides? This mini-review summarises what is currently known about the components of tobacco smoke with potential to have positive effects on smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Weon Hong
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paul Teesdale-Spittle
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Page
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bart Ellenbroek
- Department of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Penelope Truman
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Kim JH, Chang IB, Kim YH, Min CY, Yoo DM, Choi HG. Association Between Various Types or Statuses of Smoking and Subjective Cognitive Decline Based on a Community Health Survey of Korean Adults. Front Neurol 2022; 13:810830. [PMID: 35572934 PMCID: PMC9099047 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.810830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe relationship between smoking and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), which is defined as the subjective perception of cognitive decline, is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of various types of smoking, including E-cigarette smoking and the use of E-liquid, with the incidence of SCD among Korean adults.MethodsWe evaluated the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey data collected from community-dwelling people in Korea. A total of 104,453 non-smokers, 38,607 past smokers, and 26,776 current smokers with eligible data were included in the study. SCD was assessed using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The past or current smoking pack-years throughout each participant's entire life were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) as measures of the association between each type of smoking and SCD after adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsCompared to no exposure, passive smoking was associated with higher odds of SCD. Compared to non-smokers, past smokers had a higher OR for SCD; however, current smokers did not. There were no significant associations between passive smoking and SCD in the non-smoker and past smoker groups, but there was a significant relationship between them in the current smoker group. While the cumulative dose of smoking was correlated with an increased OR of SCD in each group of current smokers and past smokers, E-cigarette smoking and the use of E-liquid were not associated with higher ORs in the current smoker group.ConclusionOur findings support that passive smoking and past smoking are significantly associated with SCD and that more cumulative exposure to smoking is correlated with a higher OR of SCD.
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Fabiani C, Biscussi B, Munafo JP, Murray AP, Corradi J, Antollini SS. NEW SYNTHETIC CAFFEINE ANALOGS AS MODULATORS OF THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 101:154-167. [PMID: 34969831 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Since cholinergic deficit is a major factor in this disease, two molecular targets for its treatment are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Given that caffeine is a natural compound that behaves as an AChE inhibitor and as a partial agonist of nAChRs, the aim of this work was to synthetize more potent bifunctional caffeine analogs that modulate these two molecular targets. To this end, a theophylline structure was connected to a pyrrolidine structure through a methylene chain of different lengths (3 to 7 carbon atoms) to give compounds 7-11 All caffeine derivatives inhibited the AChE, of which compound 11 showed the strongest effect. Electrophysiological studies showed that all compounds behave as agonists of the muscle and the neuronal α7 nAChR with greater potency than caffeine. To explore if the different analogs could affect the nAChR conformational state, the nAChR conformational-sensitive probe crystal violet (CrV) was used. Compounds 9 and 10 conduced the nAChR to a different conformational state comparable with a control nAChR desensitized state. Finally, molecular docking experiments showed that all derivatives interacted with both the catalytic and anionic sites of AChE and with the orthosteric binding site of the nAChR. Thus, the new synthetized compounds can inhibit the AChE and activate muscle and α7 nAChRs with greater potency than caffeine, which suggests that they could be useful leaders for the development of new therapies for the treatment of different neurological diseases. Significance Statement In this work we synthetized caffeine derivatives which can inhibit the AChE and activate both muscle and α7 nAChRs with higher potency than caffeine. These analogs can be divided into two groups: a non-desensitizing and a desensitizing nAChR group. From the nAChR-non desensitizing group, we propose compound 11 as the most interesting analog for further studies since it inhibits AChE with the highest potency and activates the nAChRs in the picomolar range without inducing receptor desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fabiani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Camino La Carrindanga km 7, Argentina
| | - Brunella Biscussi
- Instituto de Química del Sur, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Alem 1253, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Munafo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Camino La Carrindanga km 7, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Murray
- Instituto de Química del Sur, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Alem 1253, Argentina
| | - Jeremias Corradi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Camino La Carrindanga km 7, Argentina
| | - Silvia Susana Antollini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Camino La Carrindanga km 7, Argentina
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Wang S, Leri F, Rizvi SJ. Anhedonia as a central factor in depression: Neural mechanisms revealed from preclinical to clinical evidence. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110289. [PMID: 33631251 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia is one of the core symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), which is often inadequately treated by traditional antidepressants. The modern framework of anhedonia extends the definition from impaired consummatory pleasure or interest in rewards to a broad spectrum of deficits that impact functions such as reward anticipation, approach motivation, effort expenditure, reward valuation, expectation, and reward-cue association learning. Substantial preclinical and clinical research has explored the neural basis of reward deficits in the context of depression, and has implicated mesocorticolimbic reward circuitry comprising the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, ventral tegmental area, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and other prefrontal cortex regions. Dopamine modulates several reward facets including anticipation, motivation, effort, and learning. As well, serotonin, norepinephrine, opioids, glutamate, Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholine are also involved in anhedonia, and medications targeting these systems may also potentially normalize reward processing in depression. Unfortunately, whereas reward anticipation and reward outcome are extensively explored by both preclinical and clinical studies, translational gaps remain in reward motivation, effort, valuation, and learning, where clinical neuroimaging studies are in the early stages. This review aims to synthesize the neurobiological mechanisms underlying anhedonia in MDD uncovered by preclinical and clinical research. The translational difficulties in studying the neural basis of reward are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Wang
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sakina J Rizvi
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Borroni V, Barrantes FJ. Homomeric and Heteromeric α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Health and Some Central Nervous System Diseases. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090664. [PMID: 34564481 PMCID: PMC8465519 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels involved in the modulation of essential brain functions such as memory, learning, and attention. Homomeric α7 nAChR, formed exclusively by five identical α7 subunits, is involved in rapid synaptic transmission, whereas the heteromeric oligomers composed of α7 in combination with β subunits display metabotropic properties and operate in slower time frames. At the cellular level, the activation of nAChRs allows the entry of Na+ and Ca2+; the two cations depolarize the membrane and trigger diverse cellular signals, depending on the type of nAChR pentamer and neurons involved, the location of the intervening cells, and the networks of which these neuronal cells form part. These features make the α7 nAChR a central player in neurotransmission, metabolically associated Ca2+-mediated signaling, and modulation of diverse fundamental processes operated by other neurotransmitters in the brain. Due to its ubiquitous distribution and the multiple functions it displays in the brain, the α7 nAChR is associated with a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders whose exact etiopathogenic mechanisms are still elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Borroni
- Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología (ITPN-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina;
| | - Francisco J. Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, UCA–CONICET, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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14
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Matta JA, Gu S, Davini WB, Bredt DS. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor redux: Discovery of accessories opens therapeutic vistas. Science 2021; 373:373/6556/eabg6539. [PMID: 34385370 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg6539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) acts in part through a family of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs), which mediate diverse physiological processes including muscle contraction, neurotransmission, and sensory transduction. Pharmacologically, nAChRs are responsible for tobacco addiction and are targeted by medicines for hypertension and dementia. Nicotinic AChRs were the first ion channels to be isolated. Recent studies have identified molecules that control nAChR biogenesis, trafficking, and function. These nAChR accessories include protein and chemical chaperones as well as auxiliary subunits. Whereas some factors act on many nAChRs, others are receptor specific. Discovery of these regulatory mechanisms is transforming nAChR research in cells and tissues ranging from central neurons to spinal ganglia to cochlear hair cells. Nicotinic AChR-specific accessories also enable drug discovery on high-confidence targets for psychiatric, neurological, and auditory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weston B Davini
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - David S Bredt
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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15
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Gou J, Liang S, Cheng W, Wu S, Ye Z, Ma Y, Yin Y, Wang H. Neuroprotective effect of combined use of nicotine and celecoxib by inhibiting neuroinflammation in ischemic rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:234-243. [PMID: 34333049 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The contribution of neuroinflammation in cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had been proven that it could improve cognitive impairment in large dose but with more side effect, which limited the application. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the combined use of nicotine and celecoxib could obtain synergistic neuroprotective effect in ischemic rats. METHODS Twenty adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent ischemic model surgery by injecting endothelin-1 into the left thalamus, which were classified into four groups with different interventions: nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/d), celecoxib (15 mg/kg/d), nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/d) +celecoxib (15 mg/kg/d), or saline after surgery. The other five SD rats also underwent same surgery by injecting saline instead of endothelin-1, as the control group. Morris water maze (MWM) test was adopted to assess the cognition. Micro PET/CT with 2-[18F]-A-85380 were performed for α4β2-nAChRs detection in vivo. Western blot, real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining were adopted to detect the expression of α4β2-nAChRs and inflammatory factors which included TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in brain tissue. Microglial activation in the brain was monitored by immunofluorescence with IBA1 staining. RESULTS The MWM test showed rats given with nicotine or celecoxib alone showed much better memory than rats with saline, no difference was observed between nicotine and celecoxib. The rat memory was recovered most significant when the nicotine and celecoxib were combined (p < 0.05). Micro-PET/CT showed much more tracer uptake in the left thalamus and whole brain in rats given with nicotine, or nicotine + celecoxib (nico + cele group) than saline treated rats, whereas the rats given celecoxib did not. Compared with saline treated rats, we found the proteins of α4nAChR and β2nAChR in rats given nicotine or nico + cele increased significantly, and mRNA/proteins of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 decreased at the same time. The α 4nAChR and β 2nAChR proteins in rats given celecoxib is the same as saline treated rats, whereas the inflammatory factors decreased obviously compared with saline treated rats. Microglial activation was confirmed in saline treated rats, which was inhibited in rats give nicotine, celecoxib or both. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed the combined use of nicotine and celecoxib may improve the cognitive function in ischemic rats, with a better effect than either alone. Both nicotine and celecoxib can inhibit inflammation, but through different mechanisms: nicotine can activate α4β2-nAChRs while celecoxib is cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Our findings suggest the combined application of two drugs with different anti-inflammation mechanism could attenuate cognitive impairment more effectively in ischemic rats, which may hold therapeutic potential in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Gou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sheng Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqi Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafu Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Cytisine and cytisine derivatives. More than smoking cessation aids. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105700. [PMID: 34087351 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytisine, a natural bioactive compound that is mainly isolated from plants of the Leguminosae family (especially the seeds of Laburnum anagyroides), has been marketed in central and eastern Europe as an aid in the clinical management of smoking cessation for more than 50 years. Its main targets are neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and pre-clinical studies have shown that its interactions with various nAChR subtypes located in different areas of the central and peripheral nervous systems are neuroprotective, have a wide range of biological effects on nicotine and alcohol addiction, regulate mood, food intake and motor activity, and influence the autonomic and cardiovascular systems. Its relatively rigid conformation makes it an attractive template for research of new derivatives. Recent studies of structurally modified cytisine have led to the development of new compounds and for some of them the biological activities are mediated by still unidentified targets other than nAChRs, whose mechanisms of action are still being investigated. The aim of this review is to describe and discuss: 1) the most recent pre-clinical results obtained with cytisine in the fields of neurological and non-neurological diseases; 2) the effects and possible mechanisms of action of the most recent cytisine derivatives; and 3) the main areas warranting further research.
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17
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Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1381-1390. [PMID: 34003454 PMCID: PMC8129607 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), an age-related progressive neurodegenerative condition, is associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which results in motor deficits characterized by the following: akinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability, as well as nonmotor symptoms such as emotional changes, particularly depression, cognitive impairment, gastrointestinal, and autonomic dysfunction. The most common treatment for PD is focused on dopamine (DA) replacement (e.g., levodopa = L-Dopa), which unfortunately losses its efficacy over months or years and can induce severe dyskinesia. Hence, more efficacious interventions without such adverse effects are urgently needed. In this review, following a general description of PD, potential novel therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease are examined. Specifically, the focus is on nicotine and nicotinic cholinergic system, as well as butyrate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and fatty acid receptors.
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18
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Nop O, Senft Miller A, Culver H, Makarewicz J, Dumas JA. Nicotine and Cognition in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:640674. [PMID: 34025390 PMCID: PMC8131527 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.640674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system has been shown to be the primary neurotransmitter system which is responsible for the cognitive symptoms associated with dementia; its role in healthy non-demented older adults remains a gap in the literature. Understanding the effects of age-related functional changes on the nicotinic system will address this knowledge gap. As the older adult population grows and hence the importance of understanding cognitive changes that impact functional abilities and everyday life. In this article we examine the benefits of using nicotine as a method for improving cognition in non-demented healthy older adults which may have the potential for slowing neurodegeneration in aging. Furthermore, we discuss how nicotine can play a crucial role in maintaining cognitive abilities throughout normal cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Nop
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Anna Senft Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Hannah Culver
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jenna Makarewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Julie A Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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19
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Conley AC, Key AP, Taylor WD, Albert KM, Boyd BD, Vega JN, Newhouse PA. EEG as a Functional Marker of Nicotine Activity: Evidence From a Pilot Study of Adults With Late-Life Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:721874. [PMID: 35002791 PMCID: PMC8732868 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a debilitating condition that is associated with poor response to antidepressant medications and deficits in cognitive performance. Nicotinic cholinergic stimulation has emerged as a potentially effective candidate to improve cognitive performance in patients with cognitive impairment. Previous studies of nicotinic stimulation in animal models and human populations with cognitive impairment led to examining potential cognitive and mood effects of nicotinic stimulation in older adults with LLD. We report results from a pilot study of transdermal nicotine in LLD testing whether nicotine treatment would enhance cognitive performance and mood. The study used electroencephalography (EEG) recordings as a tool to test for potential mechanisms underlying the effect of nicotine. Eight non-smoking participants with LLD completed EEG recordings at baseline and after 12 weeks of transdermal nicotine treatment (NCT02816138). Nicotine augmentation treatment was associated with improved performance on an auditory oddball task. Analysis of event-related oscillations showed that nicotine treatment was associated with reduced beta desynchronization at week 12 for both standard and target trials. The change in beta power on standard trials was also correlated with improvement in mood symptoms. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence for the impact of nicotine in modulating cortical activity and improving mood in depressed older adults and shows the utility of using EEG as a marker of functional engagement in nicotinic interventions in clinical geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Conley
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alexandra P Key
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly M Albert
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian D Boyd
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer N Vega
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
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20
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Mineur YS, Picciotto MR. The role of acetylcholine in negative encoding bias: Too much of a good thing? Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:114-125. [PMID: 31821620 PMCID: PMC7282966 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Optimal acetylcholine (ACh) signaling is important for sustained attention and facilitates learning and memory. At the same time, human and animal studies have demonstrated increased levels of ACh in the brain during depressive episodes and increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, and reactivity to stress when ACh breakdown is impaired. While it is possible that the neuromodulatory roles of ACh in cognitive and affective processes are distinct, one possibility is that homeostatic levels of ACh signaling are necessary for appropriate learning, but overly high levels of cholinergic signaling promote encoding of stressful events, leading to the negative encoding bias that is a core symptom of depression. In this review, we outline this hypothesis and suggest potential neural pathways and underlying mechanisms that may support a role for ACh signaling in negative encoding bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann S. Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3 Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3 Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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21
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Tizabi Y, Getachew B, Copeland RL, Aschner M. Nicotine and the nicotinic cholinergic system in COVID-19. FEBS J 2020; 287:3656-3663. [PMID: 32790936 PMCID: PMC7436654 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to address the devastating pandemic, COVID‐19, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2. The efforts to understand the details of this disease in hope of providing effective treatments are commendable. It is clear now that the virus can cause far more damage in patients with comorbid conditions—particularly in those with respiratory, cardiovascular, or immune‐compromised system—than in patients without such comorbidities. Drug use can further exacerbate the condition. In this regard, the ill effects of smoking are amply documented, and no doubt can be a confounding factor in COVID‐19 progression. Although conflicting hypotheses on the potential role of nicotine in COVID‐19 pathology have recently been offered, we believe that nicotine itself, through its interaction with the nicotinic cholinergic system, as well as ACE2, may not only be of use in a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, but may also be of potential use in COVID‐19. Thus, on one hand, while we strongly support smoking cessation as a means of harm reduction associated with COVID‐19, on the other hand, we support a potential therapeutic role for nicotine, nicotinic agonists, or positive allosteric modulators of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in COVID‐19, owing to their varied effects including mood regulation, anti‐inflammatory, and purported interference with SARS‐CoV‐2 entry and/or replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert L Copeland
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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22
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Caton M, Ochoa ELM, Barrantes FJ. The role of nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission in delusional thinking. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2020; 6:16. [PMID: 32532978 PMCID: PMC7293341 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-020-0105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Delusions are a difficult-to-treat and intellectually fascinating aspect of many psychiatric illnesses. Although scientific progress on this complex topic has been challenging, some recent advances focus on dysfunction in neural circuits, specifically in those involving dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Here we review the role of cholinergic neurotransmission in delusions, with a focus on nicotinic receptors, which are known to play a part in some illnesses where these symptoms appear, including delirium, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, Parkinson, Huntington, and Alzheimer diseases. Beginning with what we know about the emergence of delusions in these illnesses, we advance a hypothesis of cholinergic disturbance in the dorsal striatum where nicotinic receptors are operative. Striosomes are proposed to play a central role in the formation of delusions. This hypothesis is consistent with our current knowledge about the mechanism of action of cholinergic drugs and with our abstract models of basic cognitive mechanisms at the molecular and circuit levels. We conclude by pointing out the need for further research both at the clinical and translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caton
- The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Santa Rosa Department of Psychiatry, 2235 Mercury Way, Santa Rosa, CA, 95047, USA
- Heritage Oaks Hospital, 4250 Auburn Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95841, USA
| | - Enrique L M Ochoa
- Heritage Oaks Hospital, 4250 Auburn Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95841, USA
- Volunteer Clinical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis, 2230 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Faculty of Medical Sciences, UCA-CONICET, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, C1107AFF, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Dhara M, Matta JA, Lei M, Knowland D, Yu H, Gu S, Bredt DS. Polyamine regulation of ion channel assembly and implications for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor pharmacology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2799. [PMID: 32493979 PMCID: PMC7271128 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecule polyamines are abundant in all life forms and participate in diverse aspects of cell growth and differentiation. Spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (SAT1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine catabolism and a primary genetic risk factor for suicidality. Here, using genome-wide screening, we find that SAT1 selectively controls nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) biogenesis. SAT1 specifically augments assembly of nAChRs containing α7 or α4β2, but not α6 subunits. Polyamines are classically studied as regulators of ion channel gating that engage the nAChR channel pore. In contrast, we find polyamine effects on assembly involve the nAChR cytosolic loop. Neurological studies link brain polyamines with neurodegenerative conditions. Our pharmacological and transgenic animal studies find that reducing polyamines enhances cortical neuron nAChR expression and augments nicotine-mediated neuroprotection. Taken together, we describe a most unexpected role for polyamines in regulating ion channel assembly, which provides a new avenue for nAChR neuropharmacology. Small molecule polyamines participate in diverse aspects of cell growth and differentiation and are known to regulate ion channel gating. Here authors reveal that cellular polyamines control nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) biogenesis, and either catabolic degradation or inhibition of polyamine production augments nAChR assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Dhara
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jose A Matta
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Min Lei
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Daniel Knowland
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Shenyan Gu
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - David S Bredt
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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24
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Centner AM, Bhide PG, Salazar G. Nicotine in Senescence and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E1035. [PMID: 32331221 PMCID: PMC7226537 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a known exacerbator of age-related pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis, and cellular aging (senescence). However, the role of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine is yet to be elucidated. Considering the growing amount of nicotine-containing aerosol use in recent years, the role of nicotine is a relevant public health concern. A number of recent studies and health education sites have focused on nicotine aerosol-induced adverse lung function, and neglected cardiovascular (CV) impairments and diseases. A critical review of the present scientific literature leads to the hypothesis that nicotine mediates the effects of cigarette smoke in the CV system by increasing MAPK signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence. The accumulation of senescent VSMCs in the lesion cap is detrimental as it increases the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting an unstable plaque phenotype. Therefore, nicotine, and most likely its metabolite cotinine, adversely influence atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Centner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Scinces, 120 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Pradeep G. Bhide
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, FSU College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Scinces, 120 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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25
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Atique-Ur-Rehman H, Neill JC. Cognitive dysfunction in major depression: From assessment to novel therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 202:53-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tayyab M, Shahi MH, Farheen S, Mariyath P M M, Khanam N, Hossain MM. Exploring the potential role of sonic hedgehog cell signalling pathway in antidepressant effects of nicotine in chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01600. [PMID: 31193084 PMCID: PMC6514495 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is the most common and highly addictive drug of abuse, associated with several life-threatening diseases and high mortality. Nicotine abuse is the concerted effort to feel reward and fight depression in depressed individuals. The underlying mechanism of nicotine is to activate the brain reward system in the central nervous system and provide an antidepressant effect. Antidepressants provide their therapeutic effect by stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis, which can be correlated with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. BDNF interacts with Wnt/β-catenin and sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling cascade to stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis. Shh is the marker of hippocampal neurogenesis and also involved in the neuropathology of depression. But knowledge in this area to identify the potential therapeutic target is limited. In our study, we explored the role of BDNF, Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signalling in depression and the involvement of these signalling pathways in providing an antidepressant effect by nicotine. Our investigations showed that chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depression results declined expression of BDNF, Wnt/β-catenin, Shh and its downstream transcription factors GLI1/2/3 and NKX2.2 in the hippocampus of male Wistar rat. Moreover, we also observed that nicotine administration increased the expression of these signalling molecules in providing the antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Tayyab
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Mehdi H Shahi
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Shirin Farheen
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Mubeena Mariyath P M
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Nabeela Khanam
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - M Mobarak Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India.,Department of Physiology, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
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Newhouse PA. Therapeutic Applications of Nicotinic Stimulation: Successes, Failures, and Future Prospects. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:345-348. [PMID: 30203054 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Systems, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN
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Gandelman JA, Kang H, Antal A, Albert K, Boyd BD, Conley AC, Newhouse P, Taylor WD. Transdermal Nicotine for the Treatment of Mood and Cognitive Symptoms in Nonsmokers With Late-Life Depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2018; 79:18m12137. [PMID: 30192444 PMCID: PMC6129985 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.18m12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by poor antidepressant response and cognitive dysfunction. This study examined whether transdermal nicotine benefits mood symptoms and cognitive performance in LLD. METHODS In a 12-week open-label outpatient study conducted between November 2016 and August 2017, transdermal nicotine was given to 15 nonsmoking older adults (≥ 60 years of age). Eligible participants met DSM-IV-TR criteria for major depressive disorder with ≥ 15 on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating scale (MADRS) and endorsed subjective cognitive impairment. Transdermal nicotine patches were applied daily and titrated in a rigid dose escalation strategy to a maximum dose of 21.0 mg/d, allowing dose reductions for tolerability. The primary mood outcome was MADRS change measured every 3 weeks, with response defined as ≥ 50% improvement from baseline and remission as MADRS score ≤ 8. The primary cognitive outcome was the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT), a test of attention. RESULTS Robust rates of response (86.7%; 13/15 subjects) and remission (53.3%; 8/15 subjects) were observed. There was a significant decrease in MADRS scores over the study (β = -1.51, P < .001), with improvement seen as early as 3 weeks (Bonferroni-adjusted P value = .004). We also observed improvement in apathy and rumination. We did not observe improvement on the CPT but did observe improvement in subjective cognitive performance and signals of potential drug effects on secondary cognitive measures of working memory, episodic memory, and self-referential emotional processing. Overall, transdermal nicotine was well tolerated, although 6 participants could not reach the maximum targeted dose. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine may be a promising therapy for depressed mood and cognitive performance in LLD. A definitive placebo-controlled trial and establishment of longer-term safety are necessary before clinical usage. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02816138.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashleigh Antal
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kimberly Albert
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brian D Boyd
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexander C Conley
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Vanderbilt University, 1601 23rd Ave South, Nashville, TN 37212.
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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