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Mann DL, Pattinson CL, Allan A, St Pierre L, Staton S, Thorpe K, Rossa K, Smith SS. Sleep deprivation and recovery: Endurance racing as a novel model. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:1176-1185. [PMID: 38874812 PMCID: PMC11295088 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate sleep-wake behavior and gain insights into perceived impairment (sleep, fatigue, and cognitive function) of athletes competing in two international multi-day adventure races. Twenty-four athletes took part across two independent adventure races: Queensland, Australia and Alaska, USA. Individual sleep periods were determined via actigraphy, and racers self-reported their perceived sleep disturbances, sleep impairment, fatigue and cognitive function. Each of these indices was calculated for pre-, during- and post-race periods. Sleep was severely restricted during the race period compared to pre-race (Queensland, 7:46 [0:29] vs. 2:50 [1:01]; Alaska, 7:39 [0:58] vs. 2:45 [2:05]; mean [SD], hh:mm). As a result, there was a large cumulative sleep debt at race completion, which was not 'reversed' in the post-race period (up to 1 week). The deterioration in all four self-reported scales of perceived impairment during the race period was largely restored in the post-race period. This is the first study to document objective sleep-wake behaviors and subjective impairment of adventure racers, in the context of two geographically diverse, multi-day, international adventure races. Measures of sleep deprivation indicate that sleep debt was extreme and did not recover to pre-race levels within 1 week following each race. Despite this objective debt continuing, perceived impairment returned to pre-race levels quickly post-race. Therefore, further examination of actual and perceived sleep recovery is warranted. Adventure racing presents a unique scenario to examine sleep, performance and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne L. Mann
- Institute for Social Science ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Cassandra L Pattinson
- Institute for Social Science ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alicia Allan
- Institute for Social Science ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Liam St Pierre
- QIMR Berghofer – Queensland Medical InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sally Staton
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Karen Thorpe
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kalina Rossa
- Institute for Social Science ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Simon S. Smith
- Institute for Social Science ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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2
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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Hao C, Ma N. Alteration in neural oscillatory activity and phase-amplitude coupling after sleep deprivation: Evidence for impairment and compensation effects. J Sleep Res 2024:e14264. [PMID: 38853286 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep can significantly affect vigilance and increase slow-wave electroencephalographic power as homeostatic sleep pressure accumulates. Phase-amplitude coupling is involved in regulating the spatiotemporal integration of physiological processes. This study aimed to examine the functional associations of resting-state electroencephalographic power and delta/theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to posterior regions with vigilance performance after sleep deprivation. Forty-six healthy adults underwent 24-hr sleep deprivation with resting-state electroencephalographic recordings, and vigilant attention was measured using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Power spectral and phase-amplitude coupling analyses were conducted, and correlation analysis was utilized to reveal the relationship between electroencephalographic patterns and changes in vigilance resulting from sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation significantly declined vigilance performance, accompanied by increased resting-state electroencephalographic power in all bands and delta/theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling. The increased theta activity in centro-parieto-occipital areas significantly correlated with decreased mean and slowest response speed. Conversely, the increased delta-low gamma and theta-high gamma phase-amplitude couplings negatively correlated with the deceleration of the fastest Psychomotor Vigilance Task reaction times. These findings suggest that sleep deprivation affects vigilance by altering electroencephalographic spectral power and information communication across frequency bands in different brain regions. The distinct effects of increased theta power and delta/theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling might reflect the impairment and compensation of sleep deprivation on vigilance performance, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Liu
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Hao
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Subramaniyan M, Wang C, Laxminarayan S, Vital-Lopez FG, Hughes JD, Doty TJ, Reifman J. Electroencephalographic markers from routine sleep discriminate individuals who are vulnerable or resilient to sleep loss. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14060. [PMID: 37800178 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss impairs cognition; however, individuals differ in their response to sleep loss. Current methods to identify an individual's vulnerability to sleep loss involve time-consuming sleep-loss challenges and neurobehavioural tests. Here, we sought to identify electroencephalographic markers of sleep-loss vulnerability obtained from routine night sleep. We retrospectively analysed four studies in which 50 healthy young adults (21 women) completed a laboratory baseline-sleep phase followed by a sleep-loss challenge. After classifying subjects as resilient or vulnerable to sleep loss, we extracted three electroencephalographic features from four channels during the baseline nights, evaluated the discriminatory power of these features using the first two studies (discovery), and assessed reproducibility of the results using the remaining two studies (reproducibility). In the discovery analysis, we found that, compared to resilient subjects, vulnerable subjects exhibited: (1) higher slow-wave activity power in channel O1 (p < 0.0042, corrected for multiple comparisons) and in channels O2 and C3 (p < 0.05, uncorrected); (2) higher slow-wave activity rise rate in channels O1 and O2 (p < 0.05, uncorrected); and (3) lower sleep spindle frequency in channels C3 and C4 (p < 0.05, uncorrected). Our reproducibility analysis confirmed the discovery results on slow-wave activity power and slow-wave activity rise rate, and for these two electroencephalographic features we observed consistent group-difference trends across all four channels in both analyses. The higher slow-wave activity power and slow-wave activity rise rate in vulnerable individuals suggest that they have a persistently higher sleep pressure under normal rested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Subramaniyan
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Srinivas Laxminarayan
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francisco G Vital-Lopez
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John D Hughes
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy J Doty
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
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4
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Luo H, Cheng J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Hu R, Li J, Guo Y, Luo Q. Seasonal patterns in Chinese population: Validating the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire and exploring associations with psychiatric diagnoses and biological rhythms. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:609-620. [PMID: 38644696 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2337875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal patterns (SP) exert a notable influence on the course and prognosis of patients with affective disorders, serving as a specifier in diagnosis. However, there is limited exploration of seasonality among psychotic patients, and the distinctions in seasonality among psychiatric patients remain unclear. In this study, we enrolled 198 psychiatric patients with anxiety and depressive disorders (A&D), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ), as well as healthy college students. Online questionnaires, including the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) for seasonality, the Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5) for chronotypes, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), were administered. The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the SPAQ were thoroughly analyzed, revealing a Cronbach's alpha of 0.896 with a two-factor structure. Results indicated that higher seasonality was correlated with poorer sleep quality and a more delayed chronotype (p < 0.05). Significant monthly variations were particularly evident in BD, specifically in mood, appetite, weight, social activities, and sleep dimensions (p < 0.001). In summary, the Chinese version of SPAQ is validated, demonstrating moderate correlations between seasonality, chronotype, and sleep quality. BD patients exhibited the strongest seasonality, while mood disorder patients displayed more delayed chronotypes than SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinlin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- School of Psychology, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renqin Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanwei Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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De Pieri M, Bueltemann L, Tedone F, Riccardi S, Castelnovo A, Miano S, Manconi M. Clinical and instrumental features in 82 patients with insufficient sleep syndrome. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14076. [PMID: 37909272 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep syndrome possibly represents the worldwide leading cause of daytime sleepiness, but remains poorly recognised and studied. The aim of this case series is to comprehensively describe a cohort of patients with insufficient sleep syndrome. Eighty-two patients were studied concerning demographic and socio-economic features, medical, psychiatric and sleep comorbidities, substance use, sleep symptoms, actigraphy, video-polysomnography, multiple sleep latency tests and treatment. The typical patient with insufficient sleep syndrome is a middle-aged adult (with no difference of gender), employed, who has a family, often carrying psychiatric and neurological comorbidities, in particular headache, anxiety and depression. Other sleep disorders, especially mild sleep apnea and bruxism, were common as well. Actigraphy was a valuable tool in the characterisation of insufficient sleep syndrome, showing a sleep restriction during weekdays, associated with a recovery rebound of night sleep during weekends and a high amount of daytime sleep. An over- or underestimation of sleeping was common, concerning both the duration of night sleep and daytime napping. The average daily sleep considering both daytime and night-time, weekdays and weekends corresponds to the recommended minimal normal duration, meaning that the burden of insufficient sleep syndrome could mainly depend on sleep fragmentation and low quality. Sleep efficiency was elevated both in actigraphy and video-polysomnography. Multiple sleep latency tests evidenced a tendency toward sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods. Our study offers a comprehensive characterisation of patients with insufficient sleep syndrome, and clarifies their sleeping pattern, opening avenues for management and treatment of the disorder. Current options seem not adapted, and in our opinion a cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy protocol should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Pieri
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Service de psychiatrie adulte, Département de psychiatrie, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Linda Bueltemann
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Tedone
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Riccardi
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anna Castelnovo
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Miano
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Manconi
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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6
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Subramaniyan M, Hughes JD, Doty TJ, Killgore WDS, Reifman J. Individualised prediction of resilience and vulnerability to sleep loss using EEG features. J Sleep Res 2024:e14220. [PMID: 38634269 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
It is well established that individuals differ in their response to sleep loss. However, existing methods to predict an individual's sleep-loss phenotype are not scalable or involve effort-dependent neurobehavioural tests. To overcome these limitations, we sought to predict an individual's level of resilience or vulnerability to sleep loss using electroencephalographic (EEG) features obtained from routine night sleep. To this end, we retrospectively analysed five studies in which 96 healthy young adults (41 women) completed a laboratory baseline-sleep phase followed by a sleep-loss challenge. After classifying subjects into sleep-loss phenotypic groups, we extracted two EEG features from the first sleep cycle (median duration: 1.6 h), slow-wave activity (SWA) power and SWA rise rate, from four channels during the baseline nights. Using these data, we developed two sets of logistic regression classifiers (resilient versus not-resilient and vulnerable versus not-vulnerable) to predict the probability of sleep-loss resilience or vulnerability, respectively, and evaluated model performance using test datasets not used in model development. Consistently, the most predictive features came from the left cerebral hemisphere. For the resilient versus not-resilient classifiers, we obtained an average testing performance of 0.68 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.72 for accuracy, 0.50 for sensitivity, 0.84 for specificity, 0.61 for positive predictive value, and 3.59 for likelihood ratio. We obtained similar performance for the vulnerable versus not-vulnerable classifiers. These results indicate that logistic regression classifiers based on SWA power and SWA rise rate from routine night sleep can largely predict an individual's sleep-loss phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Subramaniyan
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John D Hughes
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy J Doty
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - William D S Killgore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
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7
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Ruby P, Evangelista E, Bastuji H, Peter-Derex L. From physiological awakening to pathological sleep inertia: Neurophysiological and behavioural characteristics of the sleep-to-wake transition. Neurophysiol Clin 2024; 54:102934. [PMID: 38394921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep inertia refers to the transient physiological state of hypoarousal upon awakening, associated with various degrees of impaired neurobehavioral performance, confusion, a desire to return to sleep and often a negative emotional state. Scalp and intracranial electro-encephalography as well as functional imaging studies have provided evidence that the sleep inertia phenomenon is underpinned by an heterogenous cerebral state mixing local sleep and local wake patterns of activity, at the neuronal and network levels. Sleep inertia is modulated by homeostasis and circadian processes, sleep stage upon awakening, and individual factors; this translates into a huge variability in its intensity even under physiological conditions. In sleep disorders, especially in hypersomnolence disorders such as idiopathic hypersomnia, sleep inertia may be a daily, serious and long-lasting symptom leading to severe impairment. To date, few tools have been developed to assess sleep inertia in clinical practice. They include mainly questionnaires and behavioral tests such as the psychomotor vigilance task. Only one neurophysiological protocol has been evaluated in hypersomnia, the forced awakening test which is based on an event-related potentials paradigm upon awakening. This contrasts with the major functional consequences of sleep inertia and its potentially dangerous consequences in subjects required to perform safety-critical tasks soon after awakening. There is a great need to identify reproducible biomarkers correlated with sleep inertia-associated cognitive and behavioral impairment. These biomarkers will aim at better understanding and measuring sleep inertia in physiological and pathological conditions, as well as objectively evaluating wake-promoting treatments or non-pharmacological countermeasures to reduce this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Ruby
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon, France
| | - Elisa Evangelista
- Sleep disorder Unit, Carémeau Hospital, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire de Nîmes, France; Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Bastuji
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon, France; Centre for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Peter-Derex
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon, France; Centre for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
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8
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Fjell AM, Walhovd KB. Individual sleep need is flexible and dynamically related to cognitive function. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:422-430. [PMID: 38379065 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Given that sleep deprivation studies consistently show that short sleep causes neurocognitive deficits, the effects of insufficient sleep on brain health and cognition are of great interest and concern. Here we argue that experimentally restricted sleep is not a good model for understanding the normal functions of sleep in naturalistic settings. Cross-disciplinary research suggests that human sleep is remarkably dependent on environmental conditions and social norms, thus escaping universally applicable rules. Sleep need varies over time and differs between individuals, showing a complex relationship with neurocognitive function. This aspect of sleep is rarely addressed in experimental work and is not reflected in expert recommendations about sleep duration. We recommend focusing on the role of individual and environmental factors to improve our understanding of the relationship between human sleep and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Phillips AJK, St Hilaire MA, Barger LK, O'Brien CS, Rahman SA, Landrigan CP, Lockley SW, Czeisler CA, Klerman EB. Predicting neurobehavioral performance of resident physicians in a Randomized Order Safety Trial Evaluating Resident-Physician Schedules (ROSTERS). Sleep Health 2024; 10:S25-S33. [PMID: 38007304 PMCID: PMC11031327 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mathematical models of human neurobehavioral performance that include the effects of acute and chronic sleep restriction can be key tools in assessment and comparison of work schedules, allowing quantitative predictions of performance when empirical assessment is impractical. METHODS Using such a model, we tested the hypothesis that resident physicians working an extended duration work roster, including 24-28 hours of continuous duty and up to 88 hours per week averaged over 4weeks, would have worse predicted performance than resident physicians working a rapidly cycling work roster intervention designed to reduce the duration of extended shifts. The performance metric used was attentional failures (ie, Psychomotor Vigilance Task lapses). Model input was 169 actual work and sleep schedules. Outcomes were predicted hours per week during work hours spent at moderate (equivalent to 16-20 hours of continuous wakefulness) or high (equivalent to ≥20 hours of continuous wakefulness) performance impairment. RESULTS The model predicted that resident physicians working an extended duration work roster would spend significantly more time at moderate impairment (p = .02, effect size=0.2) than those working a rapidly cycling work roster; this difference was most pronounced during the circadian night (p < .001). On both schedules, performance was predicted to decline from weeks 1 + 2 to weeks 3 + 4 (p < .001), but the rate of decline was significantly greater on extended duration work roster (p < .01). Predicted performance impairment was inversely related to prior sleep duration (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the utility of a mathematical model to evaluate the predicted performance profile of schedules for resident physicians and others who experience chronic sleep restriction and circadian misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J K Phillips
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa A St Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Laura K Barger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Conor S O'Brien
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher P Landrigan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Evangelista E. The slope of performance during the psychomotor vigilance task: an additional indicator in the assessment of hypersomnolence? Sleep 2023; 46:zsad216. [PMID: 37596993 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
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11
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Alwood JS, Mulavara AP, Iyer J, Mhatre SD, Rosi S, Shelhamer M, Davis C, Jones CW, Mao XW, Desai RI, Whitmire AM, Williams TJ. Circuits and Biomarkers of the Central Nervous System Relating to Astronaut Performance: Summary Report for a NASA-Sponsored Technical Interchange Meeting. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1852. [PMID: 37763256 PMCID: PMC10532466 DOI: 10.3390/life13091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers, ranging from molecules to behavior, can be used to identify thresholds beyond which performance of mission tasks may be compromised and could potentially trigger the activation of countermeasures. Identification of homologous brain regions and/or neural circuits related to operational performance may allow for translational studies between species. Three discussion groups were directed to use operationally relevant performance tasks as a driver when identifying biomarkers and brain regions or circuits for selected constructs. Here we summarize small-group discussions in tables of circuits and biomarkers categorized by (a) sensorimotor, (b) behavioral medicine and (c) integrated approaches (e.g., physiological responses). In total, hundreds of biomarkers have been identified and are summarized herein by the respective group leads. We hope the meeting proceedings become a rich resource for NASA's Human Research Program (HRP) and the community of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janani Iyer
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Susanna Rosi
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Mark Shelhamer
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Catherine Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Rajeev I. Desai
- Integrative Neurochemistry Laboratory, Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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12
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Chai Y, Gehrman P, Yu M, Mao T, Deng Y, Rao J, Shi H, Quan P, Xu J, Zhang X, Lei H, Fang Z, Xu S, Boland E, Goldschmied JR, Barilla H, Goel N, Basner M, Thase ME, Sheline YI, Dinges DF, Detre JA, Zhang X, Rao H. Enhanced amygdala-cingulate connectivity associates with better mood in both healthy and depressive individuals after sleep deprivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214505120. [PMID: 37339227 PMCID: PMC10293819 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214505120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss robustly disrupts mood and emotion regulation in healthy individuals but can have a transient antidepressant effect in a subset of patients with depression. The neural mechanisms underlying this paradoxical effect remain unclear. Previous studies suggest that the amygdala and dorsal nexus (DN) play key roles in depressive mood regulation. Here, we used functional MRI to examine associations between amygdala- and DN-related resting-state connectivity alterations and mood changes after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) in both healthy adults and patients with major depressive disorder using strictly controlled in-laboratory studies. Behavioral data showed that TSD increased negative mood in healthy participants but reduced depressive symptoms in 43% of patients. Imaging data showed that TSD enhanced both amygdala- and DN-related connectivity in healthy participants. Moreover, enhanced amygdala connectivity to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) after TSD associated with better mood in healthy participants and antidepressant effects in depressed patients. These findings support the key role of the amygdala-cingulate circuit in mood regulation in both healthy and depressed populations and suggest that rapid antidepressant treatment may target the enhancement of amygdala-ACC connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chai
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai201620, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Philip Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Meichen Yu
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN46202
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN47408
| | - Tianxin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai201620, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Yao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai201620, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Joy Rao
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Hui Shi
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100029, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong524023, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai201620, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410017, China
| | - Hui Lei
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- College of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan410127, China
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sihua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai201620, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Elaine Boland
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Jennifer R. Goldschmied
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Holly Barilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Mathias Basner
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michael E. Thase
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Yvette I. Sheline
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - David F. Dinges
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - John A. Detre
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai201620, China
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui230026, China
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai201620, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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13
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Knauert MP, Ayas NT, Bosma KJ, Drouot X, Heavner MS, Owens RL, Watson PL, Wilcox ME, Anderson BJ, Cordoza ML, Devlin JW, Elliott R, Gehlbach BK, Girard TD, Kamdar BB, Korwin AS, Lusczek ER, Parthasarathy S, Spies C, Sunderram J, Telias I, Weinhouse GL, Zee PC. Causes, Consequences, and Treatments of Sleep and Circadian Disruption in the ICU: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:e49-e68. [PMID: 36999950 PMCID: PMC10111990 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202301-0184st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep and circadian disruption (SCD) is common and severe in the ICU. On the basis of rigorous evidence in non-ICU populations and emerging evidence in ICU populations, SCD is likely to have a profound negative impact on patient outcomes. Thus, it is urgent that we establish research priorities to advance understanding of ICU SCD. Methods: We convened a multidisciplinary group with relevant expertise to participate in an American Thoracic Society Workshop. Workshop objectives included identifying ICU SCD subtopics of interest, key knowledge gaps, and research priorities. Members attended remote sessions from March to November 2021. Recorded presentations were prepared and viewed by members before Workshop sessions. Workshop discussion focused on key gaps and related research priorities. The priorities listed herein were selected on the basis of rank as established by a series of anonymous surveys. Results: We identified the following research priorities: establish an ICU SCD definition, further develop rigorous and feasible ICU SCD measures, test associations between ICU SCD domains and outcomes, promote the inclusion of mechanistic and patient-centered outcomes within large clinical studies, leverage implementation science strategies to maximize intervention fidelity and sustainability, and collaborate among investigators to harmonize methods and promote multisite investigation. Conclusions: ICU SCD is a complex and compelling potential target for improving ICU outcomes. Given the influence on all other research priorities, further development of rigorous, feasible ICU SCD measurement is a key next step in advancing the field.
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14
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Sun C, Wang X, Huang X, Shao Y, Ling A, Qi H, Zhang Z. Sleep disorders as a prospective intervention target to prevent drug relapse. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1102115. [PMID: 36684873 PMCID: PMC9846318 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The high rate of relapse has become the primary obstacle of drug rehabilitation. In this study, we explored the relationship between sleep disorders and relapse inclination in substance users, as well as the potential mediating mechanisms and corresponding interventions. Methods A total of 392 male substance users were recruited to complete the questionnaires on sleep disorders, quality of life and relapse inclination. On account of this, 60 participants with sleep disorders were randomly screened and allocated to the intervention and control groups. The former received 12 weeks of Health Qigong aimed at treating sleep disorders, whereas the latter performed their regular production work. Results Sleep disorders had a positive effect on relapse inclination, quality of life was a potential mediator of this relationship, and 12-week Health Qigong designed to treat sleep disorders improved not only their sleep quality but also their overall quality of life, which in turn reduce the tendency to relapse. Conclusion Current research not only explores the high-risk factors influencing relapse, but also develops customized intervention strategies, which have theoretical and practical implications for decreasing relapse and increasing abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiaojun Wang ✉
| | - Xuetong Huang
- China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongcong Shao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Anna Ling
- Beihu Road Primary School, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Qi
- China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuolin Zhang
- China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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15
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Zhang H, Xu D, Wang Y, Lei X. The Relation Between the Power of Prefrontal Gamma in Rest-state EEG Under Normal Sleep and Reactive Aggression Behaviour After Sleep Deprivation. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:42-51. [PMID: 36315300 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Whether sleep deprivation affects aggressive behaviour is still under debate. The present study examined the influence of individual differences in reactive aggressive behaviour after sleep deprivation and preliminarily explored an electrophysiological marker to identify individuals with more aggressive behaviour after sleep deprivation. Thirty participants performed the Taylor Aggression Paradigm task under two sleep conditions: normal sleep (NS, one night of regular sleep) and total sleep deprivation (SD, 30 h of wakefulness), and 5-minute resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition was completed under the NS condition. The results found that although sleep deprivation did not have significant effects on aggressive behaviour in the overall analysis, the participants can be classified as an increased group (n = 16) and a no-increased group (n = 14) by different changes in the two sleep conditions (SD-NS). In addition, prefrontal gamma (γ) power was significantly lower in the increased group than in the no-increased group, which may reflect the difference in ability on inhibition. Furthermore, more critical is that γ power was significantly negatively correlated with change in the reactive aggressive behaviour. These results indicate that the effect of SD on reactive aggression varies between individuals, and prefrontal γ power may be an effective electrophysiological marker for identifying people at risk of aggressive behaviour after SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Zhang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Insufficient Sleep Syndrome: A Blind Spot in Our Vision of Healthy Sleep. Cureus 2022; 14:e30928. [PMID: 36337802 PMCID: PMC9626376 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep deficiency (CSD) poses a threat to physical health, mental well-being, and social functioning. The concept of behaviorally induced CSD has not changed much since it was first introduced four decades ago. Behaviorally induced CSD is currently referred to as insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). In the latest edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3, 2014), ISS is considered a disorder of central hypersomnolence with diagnostic codes ICD-9-CM 307.44 and ICD-10-CM F51.12. In this review, we will describe the biological importance of sleep, the ramifications of CSD on the individual and society, the nosological status and diagnostic features of ISS, and the apparent lack of attention to ISS in contemporary medical practice and public health programs. The last three decades have seen a global rise in voluntary sleep curtailment such that ISS may already be the leading cause of CSD, not only in adults but also in school-aged children and adolescents. Acknowledging ISS as a public health priority is a necessary first step in our response to the global threat of CSD and CSD-related health consequences. It is only by confronting ISS directly that we can hope to develop and implement effective educational and advocacy programs, along with more responsible public health policies and regulations.
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17
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Tian Y, Xie C, Lei X. Isolation of subjectively reported sleepiness and objectively measured vigilance during sleep deprivation: a resting-state fMRI study. Cogn Neurodyn 2022; 16:1151-1162. [PMID: 36237404 PMCID: PMC9508300 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjectively reported sleepiness and objectively measured vigilance are often used to assess and monitor operating performance. Evidence suggests that the response patterns of the two measures are independent of each other. However, the neural mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether subjective sleepiness and objective vigilance were associated with each other. Thirty-three participants were subjected to 34 h of acute sleep deprivation. We collected sleepiness, vigilance, and resting-state fMRI data. We also located the neural mechanism of isolation of object and subject parameters. Firstly, the correlation analysis showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the changes in vigilance and sleepiness during the sleep deprivation period. Then, implementing the support vector machine algorithm through functional connectivities as features, we found that different functional connectivity patterns underline the isolation of these two factors during sleep deprivation. The functional connectivities involved in characterizing the vulnerability of objective vigilance are more extensive, involving the connectivities within the sensorimotor network, between the subcortical and cortical network, and among multiple cortical networks. The functional connectivity involved in characterizing the vulnerability of subjective sleepiness is limited to the communication between the subcortical thalamus and the somatosensory cortex. In addition, we found that implementing global signal regression would reduce the model's power to predict vigilance and sleepiness. This work contributes to our understanding of how sleep deprivation affects individual cognition and behavior, and will be of use in the evaluation and prediction of cognitive performance during sleep loss. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-021-09772-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tian
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Chao Xie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Chongqing, 400715 China
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18
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Carmichael KE, O’Connor PJ, Gay JL. Stair walking effects on feelings of energy and fatigue: Is 4-min enough for benefits? Front Psychol 2022; 13:895446. [PMID: 36059746 PMCID: PMC9434211 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Even low intensity exercise bouts of at least 15 min can improve feelings of energy (FOE) and reduce systolic blood pressure. However, little is known about the psychological outcomes of briefer exercise bouts, particularly for modes of exercise that are more intense than level walking, and readily available to many working adults. This study assessed the effects of a 4-min bout of stair walking on FOE and feelings of fatigue (FOF). Methods Thirty-six young adult participants were randomized to either stair walking or seated control groups. All participants walked on level-ground from a laboratory to a nearby stairwell (~90 s) and were seated for 4 min before beginning their experimental condition. Stair-walking participants walked up and down one flight of 16 stairs at their own pace for 4 min, while control participants remained seated during that time. Participants walked back to the laboratory for post-condition assessments. Measures of blood pressure, heart rate, rated perceived exertion (RPE), and the intensity of feelings of mental energy, mental fatigue, physical energy, and physical fatigue were assessed pre-and post-condition. Separate one-way ANOVAs were conducted on change scores for all variables. Results The stair climbing group experienced significant increases in heart rate [F(1,34) = 13.167, p < 0.001] and RPE [F(1,34) = 93.844, p < 0.001] that were not observed in the seated control group. Four minutes of self-paced stair climbing resulted in small changes and non-significant differences within and between groups in blood pressure as well as FOE and FOF. Conclusion Although a 4-min self-paced exercise bout can convey short-term physiological health benefits, a 4-min bout of self-paced indoor stair walking in a stairwell was insufficient to lower blood pressure or change subjective FOE and fatigue in a sample that exhibited better than typical FOE and FOF at the pre-test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick J. O’Connor
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Gay
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jennifer L. Gay,
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19
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Sundelin T, Holding BC. Trait Anxiety Does Not Predict the Anxiogenic Response to Sleep Deprivation. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:880641. [PMID: 35910682 PMCID: PMC9332334 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.880641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation has in several studies been found to increase anxiety. However, the extent to which this anxiogenic effect depends on one’s underlying trait anxiety has not previously been determined. Using two separate sleep-loss experiments, the current research investigated whether trait anxiety (STAI-T) moderates the increase in state anxiety (STAI-S) following one night of total sleep loss (study 1, N = 182, age 25.3 ± 6.5, 103 women) and two nights of partial sleep restriction (study 2, N = 67, age 26.5 ± 7.4, 38 women). Both studies showed the expected anxiogenic effect of sleep loss, and a clear relationship between trait anxiety and state anxiety. However, the anxiogenic effect of sleep loss was not moderated by trait anxiety, as there was an equal impact regardless of trait anxiety level. These findings indicate that, although sleep loss is related to general anxiety as well as anxiety disorders, for a non-clinical sample the anxiogenic effect of short-term sleep loss is not affected by baseline levels of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sundelin
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Tina Sundelin,
| | - Benjamin C. Holding
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Flores CC, Loschky SS, Marshall W, Spano GM, Massaro Cenere M, Tononi G, Cirelli C. Identification of ultrastructural signatures of sleep and wake in the fly brain. Sleep 2022; 45:zsab235. [PMID: 35554595 PMCID: PMC9113029 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular consequences of sleep loss are poorly characterized. In the pyramidal neurons of mouse frontal cortex, we found that mitochondria and secondary lysosomes occupy a larger proportion of the cytoplasm after chronic sleep restriction compared to sleep, consistent with increased cellular burden due to extended wake. For each morphological parameter, the within-animal variance was high, suggesting that the effects of sleep and sleep loss vary greatly among neurons. However, the analysis was based on 4-5 mice/group and a single section/cell. Here, we applied serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to identify signatures of sleep and sleep loss in the Drosophila brain. Stacks of images were acquired and used to obtain full 3D reconstructions of the cytoplasm and nucleus of 263 Kenyon cells from adult flies collected after a night of sleep (S) or after 11 h (SD11) or 35 h (SD35) of sleep deprivation (9 flies/group). Relative to S flies, SD35 flies showed increased density of dark clusters of chromatin and Golgi apparata and a trend increase in the percent of cell volume occupied by mitochondria, consistent with increased need for energy and protein supply during extended wake. Logistic regression models could assign each neuron to the correct experimental group with good accuracy, but in each cell, nuclear and cytoplasmic changes were poorly correlated, and within-fly variance was substantial in all experimental groups. Together, these results support the presence of ultrastructural signatures of sleep and sleep loss but underscore the complexity of their effects at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos C Flores
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sophia S Loschky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William Marshall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chiara Cirelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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21
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Faulkner S. Sleep and occupational performance are inseparable: Why occupational therapy practice and research should consider sleep and circadian rhythm. Br J Occup Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226221089846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Faulkner
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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22
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John-Henderson NA, Kampf TD, Alvarado G, Counts CJ, Larsen JM, Palmer CA. Childhood adversity is associated with heightened inflammation after sleep loss. Sleep Health 2022; 8:283-287. [PMID: 35513977 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether childhood adversity exacerbates the relationship between sleep restriction and inflammation. METHODS Participants (N = 46) were randomly assigned to an experimental sleep restriction group (n = 25) or a night of typical sleep (n = 21). Participants provided a dried blood spot sample the morning before and after the experimental night. RESULTS A significant interaction emerged between childhood adversity and group assignment on C-reactive protein (CRP) after the experimental night (Beta = -0.02, SE = 0.01, P = .03, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.002). Sleep restriction resulted in an increase in CRP at high levels of childhood adversity (+1 SD; Effect = -0.57, SE = 0.15, P< .001; 95% CI: -0.87, -0.26) but not low levels of childhood adversity (Effect = -0.08, SE = 0.10, P = .40; 95% CI: -0.29, 0.12). CONCLUSION Childhood adversity may amplify the effect of sleep loss on markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor D Kampf
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Giovanni Alvarado
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Cory J Counts
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Jade M Larsen
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Cara A Palmer
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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23
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Dong Q, Gentry NW, McMahon T, Yamazaki M, Benitez-Rivera L, Wang T, Gan L, Ptáček L, Fu YH. Familial natural short sleep mutations reduce Alzheimer pathology in mice. iScience 2022; 25:103964. [PMID: 35496999 PMCID: PMC9042888 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies have demonstrated that poor sleep increases the development of AD, direct evidence elucidating the benefits of good sleep on the AD pathogenesis is lacking. Familial Natural Short Sleepers (FNSS) are genetically wired to have lifelong reduction in nightly sleep duration without evident consequence on cognitive demise, implying that they may have better sleep quality. Here we investigated two FNSS mutations, DEC2-P384R and Npsr1-Y206H, on the development of tau and amyloid pathology in AD-like mouse models. We found that the development of tau pathology is attenuated in the hippocampus of tau mice carrying FNSS mutations. We also found that DEC2-P384R;5XFAD and female Npsr1-Y206H;5XFAD mice exhibit significantly less amyloid plaques than control mice at 6 months of age. Together, these results reveal that these two FNSS alleles are strong genetic modifiers of AD pathology and may confer resilience to the progression of tau pathology and amyloid plaque formation in neurodegeneration. Two FNSS mutations are strong genetic modifiers of AD-like pathology in mice Mutant DEC2 and Npsr1 reduced tau pathology in PS19 mouse model of tauopathy Mutant DEC2 and Npsr1 slowed down amyloid plaques in 5XFAD APP transgenic mouse model Efficient sleep may be an exciting therapeutic target for ameliorating AD development
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas W Gentry
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lorena Benitez-Rivera
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tammy Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen & Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Louis Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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24
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Antler CA, Yamazaki EM, Casale CE, Brieva TE, Goel N. The 3-Minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test Demonstrates Inadequate Convergent Validity Relative to the 10-Minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test Across Sleep Loss and Recovery. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:815697. [PMID: 35242006 PMCID: PMC8885985 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.815697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) is a widely used behavioral attention measure, with the 10-min (PVT-10) and 3-min (PVT-3) as two commonly used versions. The PVT-3 may be comparable to the PVT-10, though its convergent validity relative to the PVT-10 has not been explicitly assessed. For the first time, we utilized repeated measures correlation (rmcorr) to evaluate intra-individual associations between PVT-10 and PVT-3 versions across total sleep deprivation (TSD), chronic sleep restriction (SR) and multiple consecutive days of recovery. Eighty-three healthy adults (mean ± SD, 34.7 ± 8.9 years; 36 females) received two baseline nights (B1-B2), five SR nights (SR1-SR5), 36 h TSD, and four recovery nights (R1-R4) between sleep loss conditions. The PVT-10 and PVT-3 were completed every 2 h during wakefulness. Rmcorr compared responses on two frequently used, sensitive PVT metrics: reaction time (RT) via response speed (1/RT) and lapses (RT > 500 ms on the PVT-10 and > 355 ms on the PVT-3) by day (e.g., B2), by study phase (e.g., SR1-SR5), and by time point (1000-2000 h). PVT 1/RT correlations were generally stronger than those for lapses. The majority of correlations (48/50 [96%] for PVT lapses and 38/50 [76%] for PVT 1/RT) were values below 0.70, indicating validity issues. Overall, the PVT-3 demonstrated inadequate convergent validity with the "gold standard" PVT-10 across two different types of sleep loss and across extended recovery. Thus, the PVT-3 is not interchangeable with the PVT-10 for assessing behavioral attention performance during sleep loss based on the design of our study and the metrics we evaluated. Our results have substantial implications for design and measure selection in laboratory and applied settings, including those involving sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Antler
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Erika M Yamazaki
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Courtney E Casale
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tess E Brieva
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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25
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Yamazaki EM, Rosendahl-Garcia KM, Casale CE, MacMullen LE, Ecker AJ, Kirkpatrick JN, Goel N. Left Ventricular Ejection Time Measured by Echocardiography Differentiates Neurobehavioral Resilience and Vulnerability to Sleep Loss and Stress. Front Physiol 2022; 12:795321. [PMID: 35087419 PMCID: PMC8787291 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.795321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are substantial individual differences (resilience and vulnerability) in performance resulting from sleep loss and psychosocial stress, but predictive potential biomarkers remain elusive. Similarly, marked changes in the cardiovascular system from sleep loss and stress include an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. It remains unknown whether key hemodynamic markers, including left ventricular ejection time (LVET), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), blood pressure (BP), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), differ in resilient vs. vulnerable individuals and predict differential performance resilience with sleep loss and stress. We investigated for the first time whether the combination of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and psychological stress affected a comprehensive set of hemodynamic measures in healthy adults, and whether these measures differentiated neurobehavioral performance in resilient and vulnerable individuals. Thirty-two healthy adults (ages 27-53; 14 females) participated in a 5-day experiment in the Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA), a high-fidelity National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space analog isolation facility, consisting of two baseline nights, 39 h TSD, and two recovery nights. A modified Trier Social Stress Test induced psychological stress during TSD. Cardiovascular measure collection [SV, HR, CI, LVET, BP, and SVRI] and neurobehavioral performance testing (including a behavioral attention task and a rating of subjective sleepiness) occurred at six and 11 timepoints, respectively. Individuals with longer pre-study LVET (determined by a median split on pre-study LVET) tended to have poorer performance during TSD and stress. Resilient and vulnerable groups (determined by a median split on average TSD performance) showed significantly different profiles of SV, HR, CI, and LVET. Importantly, LVET at pre-study, but not other hemodynamic measures, reliably differentiated neurobehavioral performance during TSD and stress, and therefore may be a biomarker. Future studies should investigate whether the non-invasive marker, LVET, determines risk for adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Yamazaki
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Courtney E. Casale
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Laura E. MacMullen
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adrian J. Ecker
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James N. Kirkpatrick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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26
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Galli O, Jones CW, Larson O, Basner M, Dinges DF. Predictors of interindividual differences in vulnerability to neurobehavioral consequences of chronic partial sleep restriction. Sleep 2021; 45:6433368. [PMID: 34897501 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual differences in the neurobehavioral response to sleep loss are largely unexplained and phenotypic in nature. Numerous factors have been examined as predictors of differential response to sleep loss, but none have yielded a comprehensive view of the phenomenon. The present study examines the impact of baseline factors, habitual sleep-wake patterns, and homeostatic response to sleep loss on accrued deficits in psychomotor vigilance during chronic partial sleep restriction (SR), in a total of 306 healthy adults that participated in one of three independent laboratory studies. Findings indicate no significant impact of personality, academic intelligence, subjective reports of chronotype, sleepiness and fatigue, performance on working memory, and demographic factors such as sex, ethnicity, and body mass index, on neurobehavioral vulnerability to the negative effects of sleep loss. Only superior baseline performance on the psychomotor vigilance test and ability to sustain wakefulness on the maintenance of wakefulness test were associated with relative resilience to decrements in vigilant attention during SR. Interindividual differences in vulnerability to the effects of sleep loss were not accounted for by prior sleep history, habitual sleep patterns outside of the laboratory, baseline sleep architecture, or homeostatic sleep response during chronic partial SR. A recent theoretical model proposed that sleep-wake modulation may be influenced by competing internal and external demands which may promote wakefulness despite homeostatic and circadian signals for sleep under the right circumstances. Further research is warranted to examine the possibility of interindividual differences in the ability to prioritize external demands for wakefulness in the face of mounting pressure to sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Galli
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olivia Larson
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David F Dinges
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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27
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Genetics and Cognitive Vulnerability to Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Subjects: Interaction of ADORA2A, TNF-α and COMT Polymorphisms. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101110. [PMID: 34685481 PMCID: PMC8540997 DOI: 10.3390/life11101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genetic polymorphisms differentiate between healthy individuals who are more cognitively vulnerable or resistant during total sleep deprivation (TSD). Common metrics of cognitive functioning for classifying vulnerable and resilient individuals include the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), Go/noGo executive inhibition task, and subjective daytime sleepiness. We evaluated the influence of 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on cognitive responses during total sleep deprivation (continuous wakefulness for 38 h) in 47 healthy subjects (age 37.0 ± 1.1 years). SNPs selected after a literature review included SNPs of the adenosine-A2A receptor gene (including the most studied rs5751876), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6), catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT), and PER3. Subjects performed a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) and a Go/noGo-inhibition task, and completed the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) every 6 h during TSD. For PVT lapses (reaction time >500 ms), an interaction between SNP and SDT (p < 0.05) was observed for ADORA2A (rs5751862 and rs2236624) and TNF-α (rs1800629). During TSD, carriers of the A allele for ADORA2A (rs5751862) and TNF-α were significantly more impaired for cognitive responses than their respective ancestral G/G genotypes. Carriers of the ancestral G/G genotype of ADORA2A rs5751862 were found to be very similar to the most resilient subjects for PVT lapses and Go/noGo commission errors. Carriers of the ancestral G/G genotype of COMT were close to the most vulnerable subjects. ADORA2A (rs5751862) was significantly associated with COMT (rs4680) (p = 0.001). In conclusion, we show that genetic polymorphisms in ADORA2A (rs5751862), TNF-α (rs1800629), and COMT (rs4680) are involved in creating profiles of high vulnerability or high resilience to sleep deprivation. (NCT03859882).
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28
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Casale CE, Yamazaki EM, Brieva TE, Antler CA, Goel N. Raw scores on subjective sleepiness, fatigue, and vigor metrics consistently define resilience and vulnerability to sleep loss. Sleep 2021; 45:6367754. [PMID: 34499166 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Although trait-like individual differences in subjective responses to sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) exist, reliable characterizations remain elusive. We comprehensively compared multiple methods for defining resilience and vulnerability by subjective metrics. METHODS 41 adults participated in a 13-day experiment:2 baseline, 5 SR, 4 recovery, and one 36h TSD night. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and the Profile of Mood States Fatigue (POMS-F) and Vigor (POMS-V) were administered every 2h. Three approaches (Raw Score [average SR score], Change from Baseline [average SR minus average baseline score], and Variance [intraindividual SR score variance]), and six thresholds (±1 standard deviation, and the highest/lowest scoring 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, 50%) categorized Resilient/Vulnerable groups. Kendall's tau-b correlations compared the group categorization's concordance within and between KSS, POMS-F, and POMS-V scores. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped t-tests compared group scores. RESULTS There were significant correlations between all approaches at all thresholds for POMS-F, between Raw Score and Change from Baseline approaches for KSS, and between Raw Score and Variance approaches for POMS-V. All Resilient groups defined by the Raw Score approach had significantly better scores throughout the study, notably including during baseline and recovery, whereas the two other approaches differed by measure, threshold, or day. Between-measure correlations varied in strength by measure, approach, or threshold. CONCLUSION Only the Raw Score approach consistently distinguished Resilient/Vulnerable groups at baseline, during sleep loss, and during recovery‒‒we recommend this approach as an effective method for subjective resilience/vulnerability categorization. All approaches created comparable categorizations for fatigue, some were comparable for sleepiness, and none were comparable for vigor. Fatigue and vigor captured resilience/vulnerability similarly to sleepiness but not each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Casale
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika M Yamazaki
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tess E Brieva
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline A Antler
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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29
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Evangelista E, Rassu AL, Lopez R, Biagioli N, Chenini S, Barateau L, Jaussent I, Dauvilliers Y. Sleep inertia measurement with the psychomotor vigilance task in idiopathic hypersomnia. Sleep 2021; 45:6358036. [PMID: 34436617 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep inertia is a frequent and disabling symptom in idiopathic hypersomnia (IH), but poorly defined and without objective measures. The study objective was to determine whether the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) can reliably measure sleep inertia in patients with IH or other sleep disorders (non-IH). METHODS Sixty-two (51 women, mean age: 27.7±9.2) patients with IH and 140 (71 women, age: 33.3±12.1) with non-IH (narcolepsy=29, non-specified hypersomnolence NSH=47, obstructive sleep apnea=39, insomnia=25) were included. Sleep inertia and sleep drunkenness in the last month (M-sleep inertia) and on PVT day (D-sleep inertia) were assessed with three items of the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS), in drug-free conditions. The PVT was performed four times (7:00 PM, and 7:00, 7:30 and 11:00 AM) and three metrics were used: lapses, mean 1/Reaction Time (RT), slowest 10% 1/RT. RESULTS Sleep inertia was more frequent in patients with IH than non-IH (56.5% and 43.6% with severe sleep inertia in the past month, including 24% and 12% with sleep drunkenness). Lapse number increase and slowest 10% 1/RT decrease, particularly at 7:00 and 7:30AM, were proportional with M-sleep inertia severity, but regardless of sleep drunkenness and sleep disorders. Similar results were obtained when PVT results were compared in patients with/without D-sleep inertia, with the largest increase of the lapse number at 7:00 and 7:30AM associated with severe sleep inertia and sleep drunkenness. CONCLUSION PVT is a reliable and objective measure of sleep inertia that might be useful for its characterization, management and follow-up in patients with IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Evangelista
- National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases Narcolepsy Rare Hypersomnias, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Laura Rassu
- National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases Narcolepsy Rare Hypersomnias, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Régis Lopez
- National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases Narcolepsy Rare Hypersomnias, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Niccolò Biagioli
- National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases Narcolepsy Rare Hypersomnias, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sofiène Chenini
- National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases Narcolepsy Rare Hypersomnias, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Barateau
- National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases Narcolepsy Rare Hypersomnias, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Jaussent
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases Narcolepsy Rare Hypersomnias, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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30
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Casale CE, Goel N. Genetic Markers of Differential Vulnerability to Sleep Loss in Adults. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1317. [PMID: 34573301 PMCID: PMC8464868 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss reports of genotype-dependent interindividual differences in phenotypic neurobehavioral responses to total sleep deprivation or sleep restriction. We highlight the importance of using the candidate gene approach to further elucidate differential resilience and vulnerability to sleep deprivation in humans, although we acknowledge that other omics techniques and genome-wide association studies can also offer insights into biomarkers of such vulnerability. Specifically, we discuss polymorphisms in adenosinergic genes (ADA and ADORA2A), core circadian clock genes (BHLHE41/DEC2 and PER3), genes related to cognitive development and functioning (BDNF and COMT), dopaminergic genes (DRD2 and DAT), and immune and clearance genes (AQP4, DQB1*0602, and TNFα) as potential genetic indicators of differential vulnerability to deficits induced by sleep loss. Additionally, we review the efficacy of several countermeasures for the neurobehavioral impairments induced by sleep loss, including banking sleep, recovery sleep, caffeine, and naps. The discovery of reliable, novel genetic markers of differential vulnerability to sleep loss has critical implications for future research involving predictors, countermeasures, and treatments in the field of sleep and circadian science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd., Suite 425, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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31
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Brieva TE, Casale CE, Yamazaki EM, Antler CA, Goel N. Cognitive throughput and working memory raw scores consistently differentiate resilient and vulnerable groups to sleep loss. Sleep 2021; 44:6333652. [PMID: 34333658 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Substantial individual differences exist in cognitive deficits due to sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD), with various methods used to define such neurobehavioral differences. We comprehensively compared numerous methods for defining cognitive throughput and working memory resiliency and vulnerability. METHODS 41 adults participated in a 13-day experiment: 2 baseline, 5 SR, 4 recovery, and one 36h TSD night. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Digit Span Test (DS) were administered every 2h. Three approaches (Raw Score [average SR performance], Change from Baseline [average SR minus average baseline performance], and Variance [intraindividual variance of SR performance]), and six thresholds (±1 standard deviation, and the best/worst performing 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, 50%) classified Resilient/Vulnerable groups. Kendall's tau-b correlations compared the group categorizations' concordance within and between DSST number correct and DS total number correct. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped t-tests compared group performance. . RESULTS The approaches generally did not categorize the same participants into Resilient/Vulnerable groups within or between measures. The Resilient groups categorized by the Raw Score approach had significantly better DSST and DS performance across all thresholds on all study days, while the Resilient groups categorized by the Change from Baseline approach had significantly better DSST and DS performance for several thresholds on most study days. By contrast, the Variance approach showed no significant DSST and DS performance group differences. CONCLUSION Various approaches to define cognitive throughput and working memory resilience/vulnerability to sleep loss are not synonymous. The Raw Score approach can be reliably used to differentiate resilient and vulnerable groups using DSST and DS performance during sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess E Brieva
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Courtney E Casale
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika M Yamazaki
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline A Antler
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Zhou L, Tang Z, Zuo Z, Zhou K. Neural Mechanism Underlying the Sleep Deprivation-Induced Abnormal Bistable Perception. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:583-592. [PMID: 34322696 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality sleep is vital for physical and mental health. No matter whether sleep problems are a consequence of or contributory factor to mental disorders, people with psychosis often suffer from severe sleep disturbances. Previous research has shown that acute sleep deprivation (SD) can cause transient brain dysfunction and lead to various cognitive impairments in healthy individuals. However, the relationship between sleep disturbance and bistable perception remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether the bistable perception could be affected by SD and elucidated the functional brain changes accompanying SD effects on bistable perception using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that the 28-h SD resulted in slower perceptual transitions in healthy individuals. The reduced perceptual transition was accompanied by the decreased activations in rivalry-related frontoparietal areas, including the right superior parietal lobule, right frontal eye field, and right temporoparietal junction. We speculated that SD might disrupt the normal function of these regions crucial for bistable perception, which mediated the slower rivalry-related perceptual transitions in behavior. Our findings revealed the neural changes underlying the abnormal bistable perception following the SD. It also suggested that SD might offer a new window to understand the neural mechanisms underlying the bistable perception.
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33
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Herold F, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Budde H, Zou L, Strobach T, Müller NG, Gronwald T. Causes and Consequences of Interindividual Response Variability: A Call to Apply a More Rigorous Research Design in Acute Exercise-Cognition Studies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682891. [PMID: 34366881 PMCID: PMC8339555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The different responses of humans to an apparently equivalent stimulus are called interindividual response variability. This phenomenon has gained more and more attention in research in recent years. The research field of exercise-cognition has also taken up this topic, as shown by a growing number of studies published in the past decade. In this perspective article, we aim to prompt the progress of this research field by (i) discussing the causes and consequences of interindividual variability, (ii) critically examining published studies that have investigated interindividual variability of neurocognitive outcome parameters in response to acute physical exercises, and (iii) providing recommendations for future studies, based on our critical examination. The provided recommendations, which advocate for a more rigorous study design, are intended to help researchers in the field to design studies allowing them to draw robust conclusions. This, in turn, is very likely to foster the development of this research field and the practical application of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Hamacher
- Department of Sport Science, German University for Health and Sports (DHGS), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Coffee effectively attenuates impaired attention in ADORA2A C/C-allele carriers during chronic sleep restriction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110232. [PMID: 33373678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many people consume coffee to attenuate increased sleepiness and impaired vigilance and attention due to insufficient sleep. We investigated in genetically caffeine sensitive men and women whether 'real world' coffee consumption during a simulated busy work week counteracts disabling consequences of chronically restricted sleep. We subjected homozygous C-allele carriers of ADORA2A (gene encoding adenosine A2A receptors) to five nights of only 5 h time-in-bed. We administered regular coffee (n = 12; 200 mg caffeine at breakfast and 100 mg caffeine after lunch) and decaffeinated coffee (n = 14) in double-blind fashion on all days following sleep restriction. At regular intervals four times each day, participants rated their sleepiness and performed the psychomotor vigilance test, the visual search task, and the visuo-spatial and letter n-back tasks. At bedtime, we quantified caffeine and the major caffeine metabolites paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline in saliva. The two groups did not differ in age, body-mass-index, sex-ratio, chronotype and mood states. Subjective sleepiness increased in both groups across consecutive sleep restriction days and did not differ. By contrast, regular coffee counteracted the impact of repeated sleep loss on sustained and selective attention, as well as executive control when compared to decaffeinated coffee. The coffee also induced initial or transient benefits on different aspects of baseline performance during insufficient sleep. All differences between the groups disappeared after the recovery night and the cessation of coffee administration. The data suggest that 'real world' coffee consumption can efficiently attenuate sleep restriction-induced impairments in vigilance and attention in genetically caffeine sensitive individuals. German Clinical Trial Registry: # DRSK00014379.
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Noé F, Hachard B, Ceyte H, Bru N, Paillard T. Relationship between the level of mental fatigue induced by a prolonged cognitive task and the degree of balance disturbance. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2273-2283. [PMID: 34080036 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of mental fatigue (MF) induced by a 90-min AX-continuous performance test (AX-CPT) on balance control by addressing the issue of the heterogeneity of individuals' responses. Twenty healthy young active participants were recruited. They had to carry out two balance tasks (sway as little as possible on a stable support with the eyes open and closed) when standing on a force platform before and after performing a 90-min AX-CPT. The NASA-TLX test was used to assess the subjective manifestations of MF. Objective cognitive performance was measured using results from the AX-CPT. Inter-individual differences in behavioral deterioration due to MF were analyzed with a hierarchical cluster analysis, which categorizes participants' behaviors into subgroups with similar characteristics. The cluster analysis revealed that the achievement of the AX-CPT induced various levels of MF and balance impairments within the whole sample. A significant relationship between the level of MF and the degree of balance disturbance was observed only when participants stood with the eyes open, thus suggesting that inter-individual differences in vulnerability to MF could stem from differences between subjects in the level of engagement of visual attention and/or from differences in field dependency for balance control. These findings show that the completion of the same prolonged demanding cognitive task induces a strong heterogeneity in subjects' responses, with marked individual differences in MF vulnerability that affect balance control differently according to the sensory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Noé
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, MEPS, 11 rue Morane Saulnier, 65000, Tarbes, France.
| | - Betty Hachard
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, MEPS, 11 rue Morane Saulnier, 65000, Tarbes, France
| | | | - Noëlle Bru
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, CNRS, LMAP, Anglet, France
| | - Thierry Paillard
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, MEPS, 11 rue Morane Saulnier, 65000, Tarbes, France
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Erblang M, Sauvet F, Drogou C, Quiquempoix M, Van Beers P, Guillard M, Rabat A, Trignol A, Bourrilhon C, Erkel MC, Léger D, Thomas C, Gomez-Merino D, Chennaoui M. Genetic Determinants of Neurobehavioral Responses to Caffeine Administration during Sleep Deprivation: A Randomized, Cross Over Study (NCT03859882). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:555. [PMID: 33920292 PMCID: PMC8069049 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) moderated caffeine effects on vigilance and performance in a double-blind and crossover total sleep deprivation (TSD) protocol in 37 subjects. In caffeine (2 × 2.5 mg/kg/24 h) or placebo-controlled condition, subjects performed a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) and reported sleepiness every six hours (Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS)) during TSD. EEG was also analyzed during the 09:15 PVT. Carriers of the TNF-α SNP A allele appear to be more sensitive than homozygote G/G genotype to an attenuating effect of caffeine on PVT lapses during sleep deprivation only because they seem more degraded, but they do not perform better as a result. The A allele carriers of COMT were also more degraded and sensitive to caffeine than G/G genotype after 20 h of sleep deprivation, but not after 26 and 32 h. Regarding PVT reaction time, ADORA2A influences the TSD effect but not caffeine, and PER3 modulates only the caffeine effect. Higher EEG theta activity related to sleep deprivation was observed in mutated TNF-α, PER3, and COMT carriers, in the placebo condition particularly. In conclusion, there are genetic influences on neurobehavioral impairments related to TSD that appear to be attenuated by caffeine administration. (NCT03859882).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Erblang
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France;
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Michaël Quiquempoix
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Mathias Guillard
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Arnaud Rabat
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Aurélie Trignol
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Cyprien Bourrilhon
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France;
| | - Marie-Claire Erkel
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Damien Léger
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du sommeil et de la Vigilance, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Claire Thomas
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France;
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91190 Brétigny sur Orge, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (M.Q.); (P.V.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (C.B.); (M.-C.E.); (D.G.-M.); (M.C.)
- EA VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance, Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
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Britten RA, Wellman LL, Sanford LD. Progressive increase in the complexity and translatability of rodent testing to assess space-radiation induced cognitive impairment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:159-174. [PMID: 33766676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ground-based rodent models have established that space radiation doses (approximately those that astronauts will be exposed to on a mission to Mars) significantly impair performance in a wide range of cognitive tasks. Over the last 40 years there has been a progressive increase in both the complexity and the translatability (to humans) of the cognitive tasks investigated. This review outlines technical and conceptual advances in space radiation rodent testing approaches, along with the advances in analytical approaches, that will make data from ground based studies more amenable to probabilistic risk analysis. While great progress has been made in determining the impact of space radiation on many advanced cognitive processes, challenges remain that need to be addressed prior to commencing deep space missions. A summary of on-going attempts to address existing knowledge gaps and the critical role that rodent studies will have in establishing the impact of space radiation on even more complex (human) cognitive tasks are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Britten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA; Leroy T Canoles Jr. Cancer Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA.
| | - Laurie L Wellman
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA; Department of Pathology & Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA; Department of Pathology & Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
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The ANTI-Vea task: analyzing the executive and arousal vigilance decrements while measuring the three attentional networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/psicolj-2021-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The vigilance decrement phenomenon has been traditionally studied by simple and monotonous behavioral tasks. Nowadays, however, there is considerable interest in measuring vigilance with more complex tasks, including independent measures of other attentional functions. In the present study, we provide evidence supporting the suitability of the Attentional Networks Test for Interactions and Vigilance – executive and arousal components (ANTI-Vea) as an appropriate method to simultaneously assess multiple attentional and vigilance components. Vigilance was examined as two dissociated components: executive vigilance –as the detection of infrequent signals– and arousal vigilance –as the sustenance of a fast reaction to stimuli without response selection–. Importantly, the executive vigilance decrement was analyzed with a novel methodological approach to particularly determine whether the sensitivity loss effect is influenced by a floor level on the false alarms. As expected, the ANTI-Vea proved to be a task suitable to assess: (a) the main effects and interactions of phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control; (b) the executive vigilance decrement as a progressive change in the response bias; and (c) the arousal vigilance decrement as a progressive slowness and variability in reaction time. We discuss some critical theoretical and empirical implications of measuring vigilance components with the ANTI-Vea task. We expect the present study to provide a suitable method to analyze the vigilance decrement phenomenon when measuring multiple attentional and vigilance functions.
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Meltzer LJ, Williamson AA, Mindell JA. Pediatric sleep health: It matters, and so does how we define it. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 57:101425. [PMID: 33601324 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2014, Buysse published a novel definition of sleep health, raising awareness for the importance of this construct for individuals, populations, clinical care, and research. However, the original definition focused on adults, with the recommendation that it should be adapted for children and adolescents. As children live within a complex and dynamic system, and may not always have control over their own sleep, this theoretical review will examine and apply Buysse's five dimensions of sleep health within the context of pediatrics. In addition, using examples from the pediatric sleep literature we introduce a modified definition that takes into consideration the influence of the socio-ecological system within which children live, and the sleep-related behaviors that are critical in supporting or hindering sleep health. Finally, we discuss how the proposed theoretical framework, Peds B-SATED, can be applied to clinical practice, research, and training in the field of pediatric sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel A Williamson
- Sleep Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jodi A Mindell
- Sleep Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Krizan Z, Hisler G. The Iowa Resistance to Sleeplessness Test (iREST). Sleep Health 2021; 7:229-237. [PMID: 33446470 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite considerable individual differences in the vulnerability vs resistance to effects of sleep loss, there is no practical self-report tool to predict these differences across domains and only limited evidence whether they are general or domain-specific. To address this need, we developed the Iowa Resistance to Sleeplessness Test (iREST). METHODS A construct-validation approach was employed. During the substantive phase, self-report items were generated to capture vulnerability vs resistance to sleep loss across various psycho-behavioral domains. During the structural phase, analyses identified the underlying factor structure and examined reliability of individual scale scores. Finally, the external phase used convergent and discriminant analyses to evaluate the factors in light of related sleep and personality measures, and tested criterion validity of the scale scores in predicting neurocognitive and affective responses to experimental sleep restriction (Total N = 1018). RESULTS Analyses yielded discriminant and reliable scale scores that reflected resistance across cognitive, affective, and somatic responses, while also marking a general resistance factor. Convergent and discriminant probes revealed moderate associations of scale scores with daytime sleepiness and sleep-related distress, but small to negligible associations with other measures of sleep behavior, perceptions, and personality. Critically, criterion analyses yielded validity evidence for predicting cognitive and affective impairments in response to experimental sleep loss. CONCLUSION Scores on the iREST show validity in capturing cognitive and affective resistance to moderate sleep loss among young adults, supporting its further exploration as a practical tool for predicting behavior due to lost sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatan Krizan
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Garrett Hisler
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Miraglia F, Tomino C, Vecchio F, Gorgoni M, De Gennaro L, Rossini PM. The brain network organization during sleep onset after deprivation. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 132:36-44. [PMID: 33254098 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of the present study is to investigate the alterations of brain networks derived from EEG analysis in pre- and post-sleep onset conditions after 40 h of sleep deprivation (SD) compared to sleep onset after normal sleep in 39 healthy subjects. METHODS Functional connectivity analysis was made on electroencelographic (EEG) cortical sources of current density and small world (SW) index was evaluated in the EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, sigma and beta). RESULTS Comparing pre- vs. post-sleep onset conditions after a night of SD a significant decrease of SW in delta and theta bands in post-sleep onset condition was found together with an increase of SW in sigma band. Comparing pre-sleep onset after sleep SD versus pre-sleep onset after a night of normal sleep a decreased of SW index in beta band in pre-sleep onset in SD compared to pre-sleep onset in normal sleep was evidenced. CONCLUSIONS Brain functional network architecture is influenced by the SD in different ways. Brain networks topology during wake resting state needs to be further explored to reveal SD-related changes in order to prevent possible negative effects of SD on behaviour and brain function during wakefulness. SIGNIFICANCE The SW modulations as revealed by the current study could be used as an index of an altered balance between brain integration and segregation processes after SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Miraglia
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Dept. Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Tomino
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Dept. Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Dept. Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Palmer CA, Alfano CA. Anxiety modifies the emotional effects of sleep loss. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 34:100-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Palmer CA. Tired Teens: Sleep Disturbances and Heightened Vulnerability for Mental Health Difficulties. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:520-521. [PMID: 32331621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Palmer
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
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Cheng P, Kalmbach D, Fellman-Couture C, Arnedt JT, Cuamatzi-Castelan A, Drake CL. Risk of excessive sleepiness in sleep restriction therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 16:193-198. [PMID: 31992407 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep restriction therapy (SRT) has been shown to be comparably effective relative to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), but with lower requirements for patient contact. As such, SRT appears to be a viable alternate treatment for those who cannot complete a full course of CBT-I. However, it is unclear whether SRT-a treatment solely focusing on restricting time in bed-increases risk for sleepiness comparably to CBT-I. The current study tested objective sleepiness as an outcome in a randomized controlled trial comparing SRT, CBT-I, and attention control in a sample of postmenopausal women in whom insomnia was diagnosed according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. METHODS Single-site, randomized controlled trial. A total of 150 postmenopausal women (56.44 ± 5.64 years) with perimenopausal or postmenopausal onset of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition insomnia disorder were randomized to 3 treatment conditions: sleep education control (6 sessions); SRT (2 sessions with interim phone contact); and CBT-I (6 sessions). Blinded assessments were performed at pretreatment and posttreatment. Risk of excessive sleepiness was evaluated using a symmetry analysis of sleepiness measured through the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). RESULTS The odds ratios (ORs) of being excessively sleepy versus nonsleepy were not different than 1.0 for both SRT (OR = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [0.13-6.96]) and CBT-I (OR = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [0.09-4.46]), indicating that the odds of becoming excessively sleepy following treatment was not different from the odds of being nonsleepy. This suggests that excessive sleepiness is not of unique concern following SRT relative to CBT-I or sleep education. CONCLUSIONS SRT appears to have a comparable risk profile for excessive sleepiness as CBT-I, and thus may be considered a safe alternative to CBT-I. Future research should characterize objective measures of excessive sleepiness immediately following sleep restriction. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Behavioral Treatment of Menopausal Insomnia; Sleep and Daytime Outcomes; Identifier: NCT01933295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Cheng
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - David Kalmbach
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Cynthia Fellman-Couture
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - J Todd Arnedt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Christopher L Drake
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
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45
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Riontino L, Cavallero C. Individual differences in working memory efficiency modulate proactive interference after sleep deprivation. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:480-490. [DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Ashbrook LH, Krystal AD, Fu YH, Ptáček LJ. Genetics of the human circadian clock and sleep homeostat. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:45-54. [PMID: 31400754 PMCID: PMC6879540 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Timing and duration of sleep are controlled by the circadian system, which keeps an ~24-h internal rhythm that entrains to environmental stimuli, and the sleep homeostat, which rises as a function of time awake. There is a normal distribution across the population in how the circadian system aligns with typical day and night resulting in varying circadian preferences called chronotypes. A portion of the variation in the population is controlled by genetics as shown by the single-gene mutations that confer extreme early or late chronotypes. Similarly, there is a normal distribution across the population in sleep duration. Genetic variations have been identified that lead to a short sleep phenotype in which individuals sleep only 4-6.5 h nightly. Negative health consequences have been identified when individuals do not sleep at their ideal circadian timing or are sleep deprived relative to intrinsic sleep need. Whether familial natural short sleepers are at risk of the health consequences associated with a short sleep duration based on population data is not known. More work needs to be done to better assess for an individual's chronotype and degree of sleep deprivation to answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza H Ashbrook
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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47
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Barclay NL, Rowley S, Robson A, Akram U, Myachykov A. Sleep duration, sleep variability, and impairments of visual attention. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2019; 73:868-880. [PMID: 31813326 DOI: 10.1177/1747021819895771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Attentional networks are sensitive to sleep deprivation. However, variation in attentional performance as a function of normal sleep parameters is understudied. We examined whether attentional performance is influenced by (a) individual differences in sleep duration, (b) sleep duration variability, and/or (c) their interaction. A total of 57 healthy participants (61.4% female, Mage = 32.37 years, SD = 8.68) completed questionnaires, wore wrist actigraphy for 1 week, and subsequently completed the attention network test. Sleep duration and sleep duration variability did not predict orienting score, executive control score, or error rates. Sleep duration variability appeared to moderate the association between sleep duration with overall reaction time (β = -.34, t = -2.13, p = .04) and alerting scores (β = .43, t = 2.94, p = .01), though further inspection of the data suggested that these were spurious findings. Time of testing was a significant predictor of alerting score (β = .35, t = 2.96, p = .01), chronotype of orienting (β = .31, t = 2.28, p = .03), and age of overall reaction time (β = .35, t = 2.70, p = .01). Our results highlight the importance of examining the associations between variations in sleep-wake patterns and attentional networks in samples with greater variation in sleep, as well as the importance of rigorously teasing apart mechanisms of the sleep homeostat from those related to the circadian rhythm in studies examining cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Barclay
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK * †
| | - Susan Rowley
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK †
| | - Anna Robson
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK †
| | - Umair Akram
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK †
| | - Andriy Myachykov
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK †.,Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ahrens AM, Ahmed OJ. Neural circuits linking sleep and addiction: Animal models to understand why select individuals are more vulnerable to substance use disorders after sleep deprivation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:435-444. [PMID: 31756346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Individuals differ widely in their drug-craving behaviors. One reason for these differences involves sleep. Sleep disturbances lead to an increased risk of substance use disorders and relapse in only some individuals. While animal studies have examined the impact of sleep on reward circuitry, few have addressed the role of individual differences in the effects of altered sleep. There does, however, exist a rodent model of individual differences in reward-seeking behavior: the sign/goal-tracker model of Pavlovian conditioned approach. In this model, only some rats show the key behavioral traits associated with addiction, including impulsivity and poor attentional control, making this an ideal model system to examine individually distinct sleep-reward interactions. Here, we describe how the limbic neural circuits responsible for individual differences in incentive motivation overlap with those involved in sleep-wake regulation, and how this model can elucidate the common underlying mechanisms. Consideration of individual differences in preclinical models would improve our understanding of how sleep interacts with motivational systems, and why sleep deprivation contributes to addiction in only select individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar J Ahmed
- Dept. of Psychology, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, United States; Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, United States; Kresge Hearing Research Institute, United States; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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Bajaj S, Killgore WDS. Vulnerability to mood degradation during sleep deprivation is influenced by white-matter compactness of the triple-network model. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116123. [PMID: 31461677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is often associated with significant shifts in mood state relative to baseline functioning. Prior work suggests that there are consistent trait-like differences among individuals in the degree to which their mood and performances are affected by sleep loss. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which trait-like individual differences in vulnerability/resistance to mood degradation during a night of SD are dependent upon region-specific white and grey matter (WM/GM) characteristics of a triple-network model, including the default-mode network (DMN), control-execution network (CEN) and salience network (SN). Diffusion-weighted and anatomical brain data were collected from 45 healthy individuals several days prior to a 28-h overnight SD protocol. During SD, a visual analog mood scale was administered every hour from 19:15 (time point1; TP1) to 11:15 (TP17) the following morning to measure two positive and six negative mood states. Four core regions within the DMN, five within the CEN, and seven within the SN were used as regions of interest (ROIs). An index of mood resistance (IMR) was defined as the averaged differences between positive and negative mood states over 12 TPs (TP5 to TP16) relative to baseline (TP1 to TP4). For each ROI, characteristics of WM - quantitative anisotropy (QA) and mean curvature index (WM-MCI), and GM - cortical volume (CV) and GM-MCI were estimated, and used to predict IMR. WM characteristics, particularly QA, of all of regions within the DMN, and most of the regions within the CEN and SN predicted IMR during SD. In contrast, most ROIs did not show significant association between IMR and any of the GM characteristics (CV and MCI) or WM MCI. Our findings suggest that greater resilience to mood degradation induced by total SD appears to be associated with more compact axonal pathways within the DMN, CEN and SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Bajaj
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - William D S Killgore
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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50
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Sprecher KE, Ritchie HK, Burke TM, Depner CM, Smits AN, Dorrestein PC, Fleshner M, Knight R, Lowry CA, Turek FW, Vitaterna MH, Wright KP. Trait-like vulnerability of higher-order cognition and ability to maintain wakefulness during combined sleep restriction and circadian misalignment. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz113. [PMID: 31070769 PMCID: PMC6941712 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Determine stability of individual differences in executive function, cognitive processing speed, selective visual attention, and maintenance of wakefulness during simulated sustained operations with combined sleep restriction and circadian misalignment. METHODS Twenty healthy adults (eight female), aged 25.7 (±4.2 SD), body mass index (BMI) 22.3 (±2.1) kg/m2 completed an 18-day protocol twice. Participants maintained habitual self-selected 8-hour sleep schedules for 2 weeks at home prior to a 4-day laboratory visit that included one sleep opportunity per day: 8 hours on night 1, 3 hours on night 2, and 3 hours on mornings 3 and 4. After 3 days of unscheduled sleep at home, participants repeated the entire protocol. Stability and task dependency of individual differences in performance were quantified by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Kendall's Tau, respectively. RESULTS Performance on Stroop, Visual Search, and the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test were highly consistent within individuals during combined sleep restriction and circadian misalignment. Individual differences were trait-like as indicated by ICCs (0.54-0.96) classified according to standard criteria as moderate to almost perfect. Individual differences on other performance tasks commonly reported in sleep studies showed fair to almost perfect ICCs (0.22-0.94). Kendall's rank correlations showed that individual vulnerability to sleep restriction and circadian misalignment varied by task and by metric within a task. CONCLUSIONS Consistent vulnerability of higher-order cognition and maintenance of wakefulness to combined sleep restriction and circadian misalignment has implications for the development of precision countermeasure strategies for workers performing safety-critical tasks, e.g. military, police, health care workers and emergency responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Sprecher
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Hannah K Ritchie
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Tina M Burke
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Christopher M Depner
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Alexandra N Smits
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Microbiome Innovation and Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics, Bioengineering and Computer Science and Engineering and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Martha H Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
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