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Sözer ÖT, Dereboy Ç, İzgialp İ. How is variability in physiological responses to social stress related to punishment and reward sensitivities? Preliminary findings from the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality perspective. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:667-684. [PMID: 38053395 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2290667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although personality traits are assumed to have biological/physiological foundations, research has yielded mixed evidence regarding the relationship between personality and physiological stress responses. Moreover, the field has often overlooked the contemporary neuroscience-based personality approach, known as the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) of Personality, in stress research. METHOD The present study examined the relationship between the revised RST's personality dimensions and heart rate and skin conductance level (SCL) in response to the Trier Social Stress Test in a sample of 61 healthy university students. RESULTS Piecewise latent growth curve analysis controlling for the participants' current life stress, smoking use, and caffeine intake revealed that individuals with higher behavioral inhibition exhibited higher physiological reactivity, whereas those with high reward sensitivity showed smaller heart rate reactivity. The behavioral disengagement facet of the behavioral inhibition scale was associated with reduced sympathetic arousal during the stress task. Additionally, reward interest was associated with a larger recovery of SCL. CONCLUSION Results were generally in line with the revised theory. The study findings were discussed within the paradigm of the approach-avoidance conflict and highlighted the importance of reward sensitivity in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Taha Sözer
- Department of Psychology, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Türkiye
| | - Çiğdem Dereboy
- Department of Mental Health and Diseases, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - İpek İzgialp
- Doctoral Candidate, Department of Psychology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Türkiye
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2
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Adhikary K, Sarkar R, Maity S, Banerjee I, Chatterjee P, Bhattacharya K, Ahuja D, Sinha NK, Maiti R. The underlying causes, treatment options of gut microbiota and food habits in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 35:153-168. [PMID: 38748886 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a long-lasting endocrine disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia, which is often triggered by an entire or relative inadequacy of insulin production or insulin resistance. As a result of resistance to insulin (IR) and an overall lack of insulin in the body, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic illness that is characterized by hyperglycaemia. Notably, the occurrence of vascular complications of diabetes and the advancement of IR in T2DM are accompanied by dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Due to the difficulties in managing the disease and the dangers of multiple accompanying complications, diabetes is a chronic, progressive immune-mediated condition that plays a significant clinical and health burden on patients. The frequency and incidence of diabetes among young people have been rising worldwide. The relationship between the gut microbiota composition and the physio-pathological characteristics of T2DM proposes a novel way to monitor the condition and enhance the effectiveness of therapies. Our knowledge of the microbiota of the gut and how it affects health and illness has changed over the last 20 years. Species of the genus Eubacterium, which make up a significant portion of the core animal gut microbiome, are some of the recently discovered 'generation' of possibly helpful bacteria. In this article, we have focused on pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches towards T2DM, with a special reference to gut bacteria from ancient times to the present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Centurion University of Technology & Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Riya Sarkar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, 231513 Dr. B. C. Roy Academy of Professional Courses , Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sriparna Maity
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, 231513 Dr. B. C. Roy Academy of Professional Courses , Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Banerjee
- Department of Nutrition, Paramedical College Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Prity Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Paramedical College Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Bhattacharya
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology & Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepika Ahuja
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology & Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nirmalya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Nutrition and Department of NSS, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajkumar Maiti
- Department of Physiology, 326624 Bankura Christian College , Bankura, West Bengal, India
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3
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Farmer G, Lloyd J. Two Sides of the Same Virtual Coin: Investigating Psychosocial Effects of Video Game Play, including Stress Relief Motivations as a Gateway to Problematic Video Game Usage. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:772. [PMID: 38610194 PMCID: PMC11011277 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Video gamers can play to negate the psychological impact of stress, which may become problematic when users over-rely on the stress relief potential of gaming. This study used a repeated measures experimental design to investigate the relationships between stress, video gaming, and problematic video gaming behaviours in a convenience sample of 40 students at a UK university. The results indicated that positive affect increased and negative affect decreased, whilst a biological stress measure (instantaneous pulse rate) also decreased after a short video gaming session (t(36) = 4.82, p < 0.001, d = 0.79). The results also suggested that video gaming can act as a short-term buffer against the physiological impact of stress. Further research should focus on testing individuals who have been tested for gaming disorder, as opposed to the general population. Research could also utilise variations of the methodological framework used in this study to examine the intensity of a stress relief effect under different social situations. The study's findings in relation to published works are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Farmer
- Westminster Centre for Psychological Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Joanne Lloyd
- Cyberpsychology Research—University of Wolverhampton, School of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK;
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Petri A, Sullivan A, Allen K, Sachs BD. Genetic loss of the dopamine transporter significantly impacts behavioral and molecular responses to sub-chronic stress in mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1315366. [PMID: 38486964 PMCID: PMC10937361 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1315366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurotransmission has emerged as a critical determinant of stress susceptibility and resilience. Although the dopamine transporter (DAT) is known to play a key role in maintaining dopamine (DA) homeostasis, its importance for the regulation of stress susceptibility remains largely unknown. Indeed, while numerous studies have examined the neurochemical and behavioral consequences of genetic loss of DAT, very few have compared responses to stress in wild-type and DAT-knockout (KO) animals. The current study compared the responses of male and female WT and DAT-KO mice to a model of sub-chronic stress. Our results reveal that DAT-KO mice are resistant to stress-induced increases in the latency to enter the light chamber of the light-dark emergence test and demonstrate that DAT-KO mice exhibit baseline reductions in forced swim test immobility and grooming time in the splash test of grooming behavior. In addition to these behavioral changes, our results highlight the importance of sex and dopaminergic neurotransmission on stress-induced changes in the expression and phosphorylation of several signal transduction molecules in the nucleus accumbens that have previously been implicated in the regulation of stress susceptibility, including ERK, GSK3β, and ΔFosB. Overall, these results provide further evidence of the importance of dopaminergic neurotransmission in regulating stress susceptibility and suggest that genetic loss of DAT prevents stress-induced increases in anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benjamin D. Sachs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
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5
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Chen J, Mark S, Mackin L, Paul SM, Cooper BA, Hammer MJ, Conley YP, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Increased Stress Is Associated With Severe Pain and Decrements in Cognitive Function in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. Semin Oncol Nurs 2024; 40:151577. [PMID: 38245388 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Purposes were to identify subgroups of adult oncology patients (n = 1342) with distinct joint profiles of worst pain and cognitive function (CF) and evaluate for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the severity of three distinct types of stress, resilience, and coping. DATA SOURCES Measures of pain and CF were evaluated six times over two cycles of chemotherapy. The other measures of demographic and clinical characteristics, stress, resilience, and coping were completed at enrollment (ie, prior to the second or third cycle of chemotherapy). RESULTS Using latent profile analysis, four distinct profiles were identified (ie, no pain + moderate CF [27.6%], moderate pain + high CF [22.4%] moderate pain and moderate CF [32.4%, both moderate], severe pain and low CF [17.5%, both severe]). Both moderate and both severe classes reported higher global, cancer-specific, and cumulative life stress, lower levels of resilience, and greater use of disengagement coping strategies. The Both severe class had higher occurrence rates for a number of adverse childhood experiences (ie, family violence in childhood, physical abuse at <16 years, forced sex at <16 years). Risk factors associated with membership in the two worst profiles included: being female, having a lower annual income, having a higher comorbidity burden, and having a poorer functional status. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that 72.4% of the patients reported pain scores in the moderate to severe range and 77.6% reported low to moderate levels of CF. Clinicians need to assess for both symptoms and various types of stress on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sueann Mark
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lynda Mackin
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Steven M Paul
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Jon D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA; School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
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6
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Yi W, Chen Y, Yan L, Kohn N, Wu J. Acute stress selectively blunts reward anticipation but not consumption: An ERP study. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100583. [PMID: 38025282 PMCID: PMC10660484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced dysfunction of reward processing is documented to be a critical factor associated with mental illness. Although many studies have attempted to clarify the relationship between stress and reward, few studies have investigated the effect of acute stress on the temporal dynamics of reward processing. The present study applied event-related potentials (ERP) to examine how acute stress differently influences reward anticipation and consumption. In this study, seventy-eight undergraduates completed a two-door reward task following a Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) or a placebo task. The TSST group showed higher cortisol levels, perceived stress, anxiety, and negative affect than the control group. For the control group, a higher magnitude of reward elicited a reduced cue-N2 but increased stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN), suggesting that controls were sensitive to reward magnitude. In contrast, these effects were absent in the stress group, suggesting that acute stress reduces sensitivity to reward magnitude during the anticipatory phase. However, the reward positivity (RewP) and P3 of both groups showed similar patterns, which suggests that acute stress has no impact on reward responsiveness during the consummatory phase. These findings suggest that acute stress selectively blunts sensitivity to reward magnitude during the anticipatory rather than the consummatory phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yantao Chen
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nils Kohn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jianhui Wu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Pan R, Ye S, Zhong Y, Chen Q, Cai Y. Transcranial alternating current stimulation for the treatment of major depressive disorder: from basic mechanisms toward clinical applications. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1197393. [PMID: 37731669 PMCID: PMC10507344 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1197393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-pharmacological treatment is essential for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) that is medication resistant or who are unable to take medications. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that manipulates neural oscillations. In recent years, tACS has attracted substantial attention for its potential as an MDD treatment. This review summarizes the latest advances in tACS treatment for MDD and outlines future directions for promoting its clinical application. We first introduce the neurophysiological mechanism of tACS and its novel developments. In particular, two well-validated tACS techniques have high application potential: high-definition tACS targeting local brain oscillations and bifocal tACS modulating interarea functional connectivity. Accordingly, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of tACS modulation for MDD. We sort out the local oscillation abnormalities within the reward network and the interarea oscillatory synchronizations among multiple MDD-related networks in MDD patients, which provide potential modulation targets of tACS interventions. Furthermore, we review the latest clinical studies on tACS treatment for MDD, which were based on different modulation mechanisms and reported alleviations in MDD symptoms. Finally, we discuss the main challenges of current tACS treatments for MDD and outline future directions to improve intervention target selection, tACS implementation, and clinical validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengfeng Ye
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Freeman C, Carpentier L, Weinberg A. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Neural Responses to Reward: A Quasi-experiment. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:891-898. [PMID: 36948399 PMCID: PMC10028216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been a prolonged period of stress due to social isolation, illness, death, and other major life disruptions. Neural reward sensitivity, essential for healthy functioning, may become reduced under major naturalistic stressors, though few studies have examined this. The present study sought to test whether neural responses to rewards were significantly blunted by the stress of the pandemic. METHODS We compared 2 groups of young adult participants, who completed a monetary reward task while an electroencephalogram was recorded, at 2 time points, 1 to 3 years apart. Our measure of reward sensitivity was the reward positivity (RewP), a neural marker enhanced to gain relative to loss feedback. The magnitude of the RewP is sensitive to stress exposure and can prospectively predict depression. The pre-pandemic group (n = 41) completed both time points before the pandemic, while the pandemic group (n = 39) completed the baseline visit before the pandemic and the follow-up visit during its second year. RESULTS The pandemic group reported having experienced significant stressors over the course of the pandemic. We did not observe a significant decrease in the RewP from baseline to follow-up in the pre-pandemic group. In contrast, in the pandemic group, the RewP was significantly blunted at the follow-up visit to the extent that it no longer distinguished gain from loss feedback. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that prolonged naturalistic stressors can result in adaptations in neural responses to rewards. Our findings also highlight a possible mechanism linking stress to the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Freeman
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Loran Carpentier
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Asthana S, Prime S. The role of digital transformation in addressing health inequalities in coastal communities: barriers and enablers. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2023; 3:1225757. [PMID: 37711604 PMCID: PMC10498291 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2023.1225757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare systems worldwide are striving for the "quadruple aim" of better population health and well-being, improved experience of care, healthcare team well-being (including that of carers) and lower system costs. By shifting the balance of care from reactive to preventive by facilitating the integration of data between patients and clinicians to support prevention, early diagnosis and care at home, many technological solutions exist to support this ambition. Yet few have been mainstreamed in the NHS. This is particularly the case in English coastal areas which, despite having a substantially higher burden of physical and mental health conditions and poorer health outcomes, also experience inequalities with respect to digital maturity. In this paper, we suggest ways in which digital health technologies (DHTs) can support a greater shift towards prevention; discuss barriers to digital transformation in coastal communities; and highlight ways in which central, regional and local bodes can enable transformation. Given a real risk that variations in digital maturity may be exacerbating coastal health inequalities, we call on health and care policy leaders and service managers to understands the potential benefits of a digital future and the risks of failing to address the digital divide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Asthana
- Centre for Health Technology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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10
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Tai APL, Leung MK, Geng X, Lau WKW. Conceptualizing psychological resilience through resting-state functional MRI in a mentally healthy population: a systematic review. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1175064. [PMID: 37538200 PMCID: PMC10394620 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1175064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conceptualizations and operational definitions of psychological resilience vary across resilience neuroimaging studies. Data on the neural features of resilience among healthy individuals has been scarce. Furthermore, findings from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were inconsistent across studies. This systematic review summarized resting-state fMRI findings in different modalities from various operationally defined resilience in a mentally healthy population. The PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched. Articles that focused on resting-state fMRI in relation to resilience, and published before 2022, were targeted. Orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula and amygdala, were reported the most from the 19 included studies. Regions in emotional network was reported the most from the included studies. The involvement of regions like amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex indicated the relationships between emotional processing and resilience. No common brain regions or neural pathways were identified across studies. The emotional network appears to be studied the most in association with resilience. Matching fMRI modalities and operational definitions of resilience across studies are essential for meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P. L. Tai
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Integrated Centre for Wellbeing, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Bioanalytical Laboratory for Educational Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mei-Kei Leung
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiujuan Geng
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Way K. W. Lau
- Department of Health Sciences, The Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Fassett-Carman AN, Moser AD, Ruzic L, Neilson C, Jones J, Barnes-Horowitz S, Schneck CD, Kaiser RH. Amygdala and nucleus accumbens activation during reward anticipation moderates the association between life stressor frequency and depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:309-318. [PMID: 36871909 PMCID: PMC10695433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life stressors confer risk for depressive symptoms, but individuals vary in the extent of their sensitivity to life stressors. One protective factor may be an individual's level of reward sensitivity, e.g., a stronger neurobiological response to environmental rewards may mitigate emotional responses to stressors. However, the nature of neurobiological reward sensitivity that corresponds with stress resilience is unknown. Further, this model is untested in adolescence, when life stressor frequency and depression increase. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that stronger reward-related activation in the left and right nucleus accumbens (NAc), amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) attenuates the strength of the stress-depression relation. We measured BOLD activation throughout Win and Lose blocks of a monetary reward task, as well as during anticipation and outcome phases of the task. Participants (N = 151, ages 13-19) were recruited to be stratified on risk for mood disorders to enhance variance in depressive symptoms. RESULTS Activation during anticipation of rewards in the bilateral amygdala and NAc, but not mPFC, buffered the association between life stressors and depressive symptoms. This buffering effect was not found for reward outcome activation or activation across Win blocks. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of reward anticipation activation of subcortical structures in attenuating the stress-depression link, suggesting that reward motivation may be a cognitive mechanism through which this stress buffering occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia D Moser
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States of America
| | - Luka Ruzic
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States of America
| | - Chiara Neilson
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States of America
| | - Jenna Jones
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute of Cognitive Science, United States of America
| | - Sofia Barnes-Horowitz
- University of Colorado Boulder, Renée Crown Wellness Institute, United States of America
| | - Christopher D Schneck
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America
| | - Roselinde H Kaiser
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute of Cognitive Science, United States of America; University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States of America
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12
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Differential Impact of Social Isolation and Space Radiation on Behavior and Motor Learning in Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030826. [PMID: 36983981 PMCID: PMC10057568 DOI: 10.3390/life13030826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Future missions to Mars will expose astronauts to several physical and psychological challenges, including exposure to space radiation (SR) and periods of social isolation (SI). Each of these stressors, in addition to mission demands, can affect physical and mental health and potentially negatively impact sleep. The effects of inflight stressors may vary with duration and time course, may be additive or compounding, and may vary with individual differences in stress resilience and vulnerability. Determining how individual differences in resilient and vulnerable phenotypes respond to these mission-related stressors and their interactions with sleep will be crucial for understanding and mitigating factors that can impair performance and damage health. Here, we examined the single and compound effects of ground-based analogs of SI and SR on sensorimotor performance on the balance beam (BB) in rats. We also assessed emotional responses during testing on the BB and assessed whether sensorimotor performance and emotion varied with individual differences in stress resiliency using our established animal model in which stress produces different effects on sleep. Results showed differential motor performance and emotion in the BB task between SI and SR, and these varied based on resilient and vulnerable phenotypes. These findings demonstrate that identifying individual responses to stressors that can impact sensorimotor ability and behavior necessary to perform mission-related tasks will be of particular importance for astronauts and future missions. Should similar effects occur in humans, there may be considerable inter-individual variability in the impact that flight stressors have on the mental health of astronauts and their ability to perform mission-related tasks.
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13
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Olejniczak I, Begemann K, Wilhelm I, Oster H. The circadian neurobiology of reward. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13928. [PMID: 36625310 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are important regulators of physiology and behavior. In the brain, circadian clocks have been described in many centers of the central reward system. They affect neurotransmitter signaling, neuroendocrine circuits, and the sensitivity to external stimulation. Circadian disruption affects reward signaling, promoting the development of behavioral and substance use disorders. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of circadian clock-reward crosstalk. We show how chronodisruption affects reward signaling in different animal models. We then translate these findings to circadian aspects of human reward (dys-) function and its clinical implications. Finally, we devise approaches to and challenges in implementing the concepts of circadian medicine in the therapy of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Olejniczak
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kimberly Begemann
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ines Wilhelm
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Translational Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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14
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Reorganization of Brain Networks as a Substrate of Resilience: An Analysis of Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity in Rats. Neuroscience 2023; 516:75-90. [PMID: 36805003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model has been used to induce depressive-like symptoms in animal models, showing adequate predictive validity. Our work aims to evaluate the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) on resilience in this experimental model of depression. We also aim to assess changes in brain connectivity using cytochrome c oxidase histochemistry in cerebral regions related to cognitive-affective processes associated with depressive disorder: dorsal hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, accumbens, and habenula nuclei. Five groups of rats were used: UCMS, EE, EE + UCMS (enrichment + stress), BG (basal level of brain activity), and CONT (behavioral tests only). We assessed the hedonic responses elicited by sucrose solution using a consumption test; the anxiety level was evaluated using the elevated zero maze test, and the unconditioned fear responses were assessed by the cat odor test. The behavioral results showed that the UCMS protocol induces elevated anhedonia and anxiety. But these responses are attenuated previous exposure to EE. Regarding brain activity, the UCMS group showed greater activity in the habenula compared to the EE + UCMS group. EE induced a functional reorganization of brain activity. The EE + UCMS and UCMS groups showed different patterns of connections between brain regions. Our results showed that EE favors greater resilience and could reduce vulnerability to disorders such as depression and anxiety, modifying metabolic brain activity.
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15
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Yang Z, Izuma K, Cai H. Nostalgia in the brain. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101523. [PMID: 36538871 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nostalgia, a complex emotion that arises from one's yearnful memories, involves multiple psychological processes. Cognitive neuroscience research has shed light on the neural mechanism of nostalgia as well as its adaptive functions. Nostalgia involves brain regions implicated in self-reflection, autobiographical memory, emotion regulation and reward processing. Also, nostalgia buffers various psychological and physical threats by modulating activities in brain regions implicated in emotion regulatory processing (i.e., both top-down emotion regulation and bottom-up sensory and attention processing) and reward processing. These findings deepen understanding of nostalgia and have implications for its application in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keise Izuma
- School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 780-8515, Japan; Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 780-8515, Japan
| | - Huajian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Dutcher JM. Brain Reward Circuits Promote Stress Resilience and Health: Implications for Reward-Based Interventions. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 32:65-72. [PMID: 37234195 PMCID: PMC10211312 DOI: 10.1177/09637214221121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
From the COVID-19 global pandemic to racial injustice and the continued impact of climate change on communities across the globe, the last couple of years have demonstrated the need for a greater understanding of how to protect people from the negative consequences of stress. Here, I outline a perspective on how the brain's reward system might be an important, but often understudied, protective mechanism for stress resilience and stress-related health outcomes. I describe work suggesting that reward system engagement inhibits the stress response and is associated with improved health outcomes including reduced depressive symptomatology and slowed cancer progression. I then highlight important future directions for translational research and illustrate the value of this perspective for improving behavioral interventions in clinical psychology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Dutcher
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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17
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Modeling integrated stress, sleep, fear and neuroimmune responses: Relevance for understanding trauma and stress-related disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 23:100517. [PMID: 36793998 PMCID: PMC9923229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and stress have complex interactions that are implicated in both physical diseases and psychiatric disorders. These interactions can be modulated by learning and memory, and involve additional interactions with the neuroimmune system. In this paper, we propose that stressful challenges induce integrated responses across multiple systems that can vary depending on situational variables in which the initial stress was experienced, and with the ability of the individual to cope with stress- and fear-inducing challenges. Differences in coping may involve differences in resilience and vulnerability and/or whether the stressful context allows adaptive learning and responses. We provide data demonstrating both common (corticosterone, SIH and fear behaviors) and distinguishing (sleep and neuroimmune) responses that are associated with an individual's ability to respond and relative resilience and vulnerability. We discuss neurocircuitry regulating integrated stress, sleep, neuroimmune and fear responses, and show that responses can be modulated at the neural level. Finally, we discuss factors that need to be considered in models of integrated stress responses and their relevance for understanding stress-related disorders in humans.
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18
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McGonigle CE, Lapish CC, Logrip ML. Male and female impairments in odor span are observed in a rat model of PTSD. Learn Mem 2023; 30:1-11. [PMID: 36543385 PMCID: PMC9872191 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053620.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with neural and behavioral alterations in response to trauma exposure, including working memory impairments. Rodent models of PTSD have not fully investigated chronic or reactive working memory deficits, despite clinical relevance. The present study uses footshock to induce a posttraumatic stress state in male and female rats and evaluates the effect of footshock and trauma-paired odor cues on working memory performance in the odor span task. Results demonstrate the emergence of chronic deficits in working memory among animals exposed to footshock by 3 wk after traumatic stress. The presentation of a trauma-paired odor cue was associated with further decrement in working memory performance for male animals. Furthermore, anxiety-like behaviors associated with the PTSD-like phenotype could predict the degree of working memory impairment in response to the trauma-paired odor cue. This study enhances validation of an existing rodent model of PTSD through replication of the clinical observations of working memory deficits associated with PTSD and provides novel insight into effects in female rodents. This will facilitate work to probe underlying mechanistic dysregulation of working memory following footshock trauma exposure and future development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E McGonigle
- Addiction Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Christopher C Lapish
- Addiction Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Marian L Logrip
- Addiction Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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19
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Yan L, Kohn N, Yi W, Wang N, Duan H, Wu J. Blunted reward responsiveness prospectively predicts emotional distress when exposed to a naturalistic stressor. Br J Psychol 2022; 114:376-392. [PMID: 36573298 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Both stress and blunted reward responsiveness have been identified as core risk factors of depression. Whether blunted reward responsiveness increases psychological vulnerability to real-life stress from a dynamic perspective (from stress reactivity to recovery) has not been investigated. By utilizing a real-world stressful event (i.e. the final examination), this study aimed to explore the role of reward responsiveness in the stress-emotional distress relationship during stress reactivity and recovery phases. We followed 57 undergraduates with three assessments, from six weeks before examination weeks (T1, baseline), one day before the examinations (T2) to two weeks after the examinations (T3), therefore, covering stress reactivity (T1 to T2) and recovery (T2 to T3) phases. At baseline, reward responsiveness was measured as the Reward Positivity (RewP) in the doors task. Stress and emotional distress (anxiety and depression) were reported at T1, T2 and T3 to capture their dynamic changes. Results showed that self-report stress levels significantly increased from T1 to T2 (stress reactivity phase) and decreased from T2 to T3 (stress recovery phase). Furthermore, blunted reward responsiveness at baseline prospectively predicted emotional distress during the stress reactivity phase but not the recovery phase. Specifically, during the stress reactivity phase, higher perceived stress was associated with greater anxiety and depression only in participants with relatively smaller residual RewP amplitudes but not in participants with relatively larger residual RewP amplitudes. Our study demonstrated that a blunted reward responsiveness is a vulnerable factor of depression, especially when exposed to stress. Our findings provide insights into prevention and intervention for stress-related disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yan
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nils Kohn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Wei Yi
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Naiyi Wang
- Faculty of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China
- Lab for Educational Neuroscience, Center for Educational Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience Shenzhen China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience Shenzhen China
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20
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Reguilón MD, Ballestín R, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Resilience to social defeat stress in adolescent male mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110591. [PMID: 35697171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adverse social experiences during adolescence are associated with the appearance of mental illness in adulthood. Social defeat (SD) is an ethologically valid murine model to study the consequences of social stress. In adolescent mice, SD induces depressive-like behaviors, increased anxiety and potentiates the reinforcing effects of cocaine and alcohol. However, not all mice exposed to SD will be susceptible to these effects. Adult mice resilient to the effects of SD show a consistent phenotype being resilient to depressive-like behaviors and to the increase in cocaine and alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to characterize the resilient phenotype to depressive-like behaviors and increase cocaine and ethanol rewarding effects of mice socially defeated during adolescence. To that end, adolescent mice were exposed to repeated SD, and 24 h after the last encounter, they underwent a social interaction test (SIT) in order to evaluate depressive-like behaviors. Cocaine-induced reward conditioning and ethanol intake was evaluated in two different sets of mice 3 weeks after the last SD using cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and oral ethanol self-administration (SA). The neuroinflammation response was measured at the end of the experimental procedure by measuring striatal and cortical levels of IL-6 and CX3CL1. The results confirmed that a comparable percentage of adolescent mice develop resilience to depressive-like behaviors to that observed in adult mice. However, increased anxiety was more severe in resilient mice. Likewise, an increased preference for an ineffective dose of cocaine and an increased ethanol consumption was observed in resilient mice compared to controls. The increase in IL-6 and CX3CL1 was mainly observed in the striatum of susceptible mice compared to that of control mice. Our results confirm that, contrary to prior assumptions in adults, responses to SD stress are more complex and singular in adolescents, and caution should be taken for the correct interpretation and translation of those phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Reguilón
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Ballestín
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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21
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Kozak S, Dezachyo O, Stanford W, Bar-Haim Y, Censor N, Dayan E. Elevated integration within the reward network underlies vulnerability to distress. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5797-5807. [PMID: 36453462 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Distress tolerance (DT), the capability to persist under negative circumstances, underlies a range of psychopathologies. It has been proposed that DT may originate from the activity and connectivity in diverse neural networks integrated by the reward system. To test this hypothesis, we examined the link between DT and integration and segregation in the reward network as derived from resting-state functional connectivity data. DT was measured in 147 participants from a large community sample using the Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress task. Prior to DT evaluation, participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. For each participant, we constructed a whole-brain functional connectivity network and calculated the degree of reward network integration and segregation based on the extent to which reward network nodes showed functional connections within and outside their network. We found that distress-intolerant participants demonstrated heightened reward network integration relative to the distress-tolerant participants. In addition, these differences in integration were higher relative to the rest of the brain and, more specifically, the somatomotor network, which has been implicated in impulsive behavior. These findings support the notion that increased integration in large-scale brain networks may constitute a risk for distress intolerance and its psychopathological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stas Kozak
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Or Dezachyo
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - William Stanford
- Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599 , United States
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Nitzan Censor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Eran Dayan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599 , United States
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22
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Pechtel P, Belleau EL, Kaiser RH, Whitton AE, Beltzer M, Clegg R, Goer F, Vitaliano G, Teicher MH, Pizzagalli DA. Stress and reward: A multimodal assessment of childhood sexual abuse. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 21:100498. [PMID: 36532372 PMCID: PMC9755059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood adversity has been found to impact stress and brain reward systems but it is unclear whether interactions between these systems might explain resilient vs. non-resilient trajectories following childhood sexual abuse (CSA). To address this gap, we adopted a multimodal approach in which cortisol reactivity to an acute stressor was assessed in conjunction with behavioral and neural measures of reward responsiveness in females with major depressive disorder (MDD) or no psychiatric disorders (i.e., resilient) who experienced CSA compared to females with and without MDD who did not experience abuse. Methods Latent Class Mixed Modelling (LCMM) identified classes of adults (n = 62; MAge = 26.48, SD = 5.68) characterized by distinct cortisol trajectories in response to a combined social evaluative cold pressor task. Classes were examined for their history of CSA and resilience as well as behavioral and neural measures of reward responsiveness using 128-channel electroencephalography (event-related potentials and source localization analysis). Results LCMM analysis identified two distinct classes of individuals with increased (Responders) or blunted (Non-Responders) cortisol reactivity to an acute stressor. Unlike Responders, Non-Responders did not modulate reward responses throughout the stress manipulation. No differences emerged between Responders and Non-Responders in terms of CSA or resilience. However, exploratory results showed that blunted cortisol response and non-modulation of reward responses emerged for those who experienced CSA at a younger age. Conclusions Co-occurring blunted stress and reward reactivity emerged irrespective of adults' experience of CSA or resilience. However, preliminary findings showed that CSA ending during peripubertal development was associated with blunted cortisol and reward responsiveness. Future research needs to replicate findings in larger samples and could investigate if increasing reward responsiveness during critical times of neurodevelopment could normalize stress reactivity to future stressors and thus promote resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Pechtel
- University of Exeter, Department of Psychology, Exeter, UK
| | - Emily L. Belleau
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Roselinde H. Kaiser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, USA
| | - Alexis E. Whitton
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Miranda Beltzer
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - Rachel Clegg
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - Franziska Goer
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - Gordana Vitaliano
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
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23
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Hu W, Zhao X, Liu Y, Ren Y, Wei Z, Tang Z, Tian Y, Sun Y, Yang J. Reward sensitivity modulates the brain reward pathway in stress resilience via the inherent neuroendocrine system. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 20:100485. [PMID: 36132434 PMCID: PMC9483565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the previous 10 years, researchers have suggested a critical role for the brain reward system in stress resilience. However, no study has provided an empirical link between activity in the mesostriatal reward regions during stress and the recovery of cortisol stress response. Moreover, although reward sensitivity as a trait has been demonstrated to promote stress resilience, it remains unclear whether it modulates the brain reward system in stress resilience and how this effect is achieved by the inherent neuroendocrine system. To investigate these uncertainties, 70 young adults were recruited to participate in a ScanSTRESS task, and their brain imaging data and saliva samples (for cortisol assay) were collected during the task. In addition, we assessed reward sensitivity, cortisol awakening response, and intrinsic functional connectivity of the brain in all the participants. We found that left putamen activation during stress exposure positively predicted cortisol recovery. In addition, reward sensitivity was positively linked with activation of the left putamen, and this relationship was serially mediated by the cortisol awakening response and right hippocampus-left inferior frontal gyrus intrinsic connectivity. These findings suggest that reward sensitivity modulates reward pathways in stress resilience through the interplay of the diurnal stress response system and network of the hippocampus-prefrontal circuitry. Summarily, the current study built a model to highlight the dynamic and multifaceted interaction between pertinent allostatic factors in the reward-resilience pathway and uncovered new insight into the resilience function of the mesostriatal reward system during stress. Cortisol recovery can be predicted by activation of the left putamen in stress. Activation of the left putamen was positively linked with reward sensitivity. This relationship was serially mediated by the cortisol awakening response and right hippocampus-left inferior frontal gyrus intrinsic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yipeng Ren
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhenni Wei
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zihan Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yadong Sun
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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24
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Baseline-independent stress classification based on facial StO2. APPL INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10489-022-04041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Cui Y, Huang X, Huang P, Huang L, Feng Z, Xiang X, Chen X, Li A, Ren C, Li H. Reward ameliorates depressive-like behaviors via inhibition of the substantia innominata to the lateral habenula projection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0193. [PMID: 35857453 PMCID: PMC9269896 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) is implicated in emotional processing, especially depression. Recent studies indicate that the basal forebrain (BF) transmits reward or aversive signals to the LHb. However, the contribution of the BF-LHb circuit to the pathophysiology of depression still needs to be determined. Here, we find that the excitatory projection to the LHb from the substantia innominata (SI), a BF subregion, is activated by aversive stimuli and inhibited by reward stimuli. Furthermore, chronic activation of the SI-LHb circuit is sufficient to induce depressive-like behaviors, whereas inhibition of the circuit alleviates chronic stress-induced depressive-like phenotype. We also find that reward consumption buffers depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic activation of the SI-LHb circuit. In summary, we systematically define the function and mechanism of the SI-LHb circuit in modulating depressive-like behaviors, thus providing important insights to better decipher LHb processing in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cui
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhao Feng
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinkuan Xiang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| | - Chaoran Ren
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haohong Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013 Zhejiang, China
- The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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26
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Umucu, PhD E, Lee, PhD B, Berwick A, O’Neill LE, Chan F, Chen X. Reducing the Influence of Perceived Stress on Subjective Well-Being of Student Veterans With and Without Disabilities: The Protective Role of Positive Traits and Social Support. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221077942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition from the regimented environment of military service to a less structured college lifestyle can be stressful for student veterans with and without disabilities, which highlights the importance of exploring protective person-environmental contextual factors that can help student veterans with and without disabilities manage their stress effectively, leading to enhanced well-being. The purpose of this cross-sectional correlational design study was to examine the role of positive person-environment contextual factors, including hope, resilience, core self-evaluations, and social support, to reduce the influence of perceived stress on the subjective well-being (SWB) of student veterans with and without disabilities. The sample included 205 student veterans (71.7% males; 80.5% White; Mage = 29.32; 39% with service-connected disability). Findings suggested that core self-evaluations and social support partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and SWB in student veterans with and without disabilities. Implications for clinicians, university counselors, and university staff are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fong Chan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Fujiwara H, Tsurumi K, Shibata M, Kobayashi K, Miyagi T, Ueno T, Oishi N, Murai T. Life Habits and Mental Health: Behavioural Addiction, Health Benefits of Daily Habits, and the Reward System. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:813507. [PMID: 35153878 PMCID: PMC8829329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.813507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the underlying mechanisms of health benefits and the risk of habitual behaviours such as internet use and media multitasking were explored, considering their associations with the reward/motivation system. The review highlights that several routines that are beneficial when undertaken normally may evolve into excessive behaviour and have a negative impact, as represented by "the inverted U-curve model". This is especially critical in the current era, where technology like the internet has become mainstream despite the enormous addictive risk. The understanding of underlying mechanisms of behavioural addiction and optimal level of habitual behaviours for mental health benefits are deepened by shedding light on some findings of neuroimaging studies to have hints to facilitate better management and prevention strategies of addictive problems. With the evolution of the world, and the inevitable use of some technologies that carry the risk of addiction, more effective strategies for preventing and managing addiction are in more demand than before, and the insights of this study are also valuable foundations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Society Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Saitama, Japan.,The General Research Division, Osaka University Research Center on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tsurumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mami Shibata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.,Integrated Clinical Education Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Oishi
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Hu W, Yang J. Reward anticipation buffers neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to acute psychosocial stress in healthy young adults. Stress 2021; 24:805-813. [PMID: 33970772 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1923690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Research over the last 10 years suggests that the brain's reward system plays a crucial role in stress resilience. Notably, reward processing includes both an anticipatory (cue-triggered "wanting") phase and a consummatory ("liking") phase. However, previous studies manipulated rewards via direct reward administration, which makes it difficult to isolate the buffering effect of anticipating the reward stimulus. In the current study, we designed a paradigm to manipulate participants into generating reward anticipation or not and investigated whether reward anticipation can buffer psychological, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular responses to psychosocial stress. A sample of 78 healthy young adults underwent the Trier Social Stress Test or placebo-Trier Social Stress Test after a reward anticipation task. Results showed that reward anticipation relieved subjective stress feelings, as well as the overall cortisol secretion and the increased heart rate induced by psychosocial stress. Taken together, these findings expanded our understanding of the role the reward system plays in stress resilience, and the possible psychological mechanism of the buffering effect for future stress study was also discussed.HIGHLIGHTSReward processing includes both an anticipatory and consummatory phasesThe buffering effect of anticipating the reward stimulus requires elucidationWe examined if said anticipation buffers varied responses to psychosocial stressReward anticipation relieved subjective stress, cortisol secretion, and heart rateWe clarified the role of the reward system in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Tolonen I, Saarinen A, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Siira V, Kähönen M, Hintsanen M. Rewards of Compassion: Dispositional Compassion Predicts Lower Job Strain and Effort-Reward Imbalance Over a 11-Year Follow-Up. Front Psychol 2021; 12:730188. [PMID: 34650487 PMCID: PMC8505888 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispositional compassion has been shown to predict higher well-being and to be associated with lower perceived stress and higher social support. Thus, compassion may be a potential individual factor protecting from job strain. The current study examines (i) whether dispositional compassion predicts job strain and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) or does the predictive relationship run from job strain and ERI to dispositional compassion and (ii) the effect of dispositional compassion on the developmental trajectory of job strain and ERI over a 11-year follow-up. We used data from the Young Finns study (n=723) between 2001 and 2012. The direction of the predictive relationships was analyzed with cross-lagged panel models. Compassion’s effect on the trajectories of job strain, ERI, and their components was examined with multilevel models. First, the cross-lagged panel models demonstrated there was no evidence for the predictive pathways between compassion and job strain or its components. However, the predictive pathways from high dispositional compassion to low ERI and high rewards had better fit to the data than the predictive pathways in the opposite direction. In addition, multilevel models showed that high compassion predicted various job characteristics from early adulthood to middle age (lower job strain and higher job control as well as lower ERI and higher reward). Compassion did not predict job demand/effort. The findings were obtained independently of age, gender, and socioeconomic factors in childhood and adulthood. These findings indicate that compassion may be beneficial in work context. Further, compassion might be useful in the management or prevention of some aspects of strain. Our study provides new insight about the role of compassion in work life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Tolonen
- Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Virva Siira
- Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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30
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Montagud-Romero S, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Unravelling the Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Social Defeat Stress on Use of Drugs of Abuse. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 54:153-180. [PMID: 34628585 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system provides the first line of the organism's defenses, working to maintain homeostasis against external threats and respond also to internal danger signals. There is much evidence to suggest that modifications of inflammatory parameters are related to vulnerability to develop mental illnesses, such as depression, autism, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. In addition, not only are inflammatory parameters related to these disorders, but stress also induces the activation of the immune system, as recent preclinical research demonstrates. Social stress activates the immune response in the central nervous system through a number of mechanisms; for example, by promoting microglial stimulation, modifying peripheral and brain cytokine levels, and altering the blood brain barrier, which allows monocytes to traffic into the brain. In this chapter, we will first deal with the most important short- and long-term consequences of social defeat (SD) stress on the neuroinflammatory response. SD experiences (brief episodes of social confrontations during adolescence and adulthood) induce functional modifications in the brain, which are accompanied by an increase in proinflammatory markers. Most importantly, inflammatory mechanisms play a significant role in mediating the process of adaptation in the face of adversity (resilience vs susceptibility), allowing us to understand individual differences in stress responses. Secondly, we will address the role of the immune system in the vulnerability and enhanced sensitivity to drugs of abuse after social stress. We will explore in depth the effects seen in the inflammatory system in response to social stress and how they enhance the rewarding effects of drugs such as alcohol or cocaine. To conclude, we will consider pharmacological and environmental interventions that seek to influence the inflammatory response to social stress and diminish increased drug intake, as well as the translational potential and future directions of this exciting new field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Montagud-Romero
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - J Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Ben-Zion Z, Shany O, Admon R, Keynan NJ, Avisdris N, Balter SR, Shalev AY, Liberzon I, Hendler T. Neural Responsivity to Reward versus Punishment Shortly after Trauma Predicts Long-term Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:150-161. [PMID: 34534702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processing negative and positive valenced stimuli involve multiple brain regions including the amygdala and ventral striatum (VS). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is often associated with hyper-responsivity to negatively valenced, yet recent evidence also points to deficient positive valence functioning. It is yet unclear what is the relative contribution of such opposing valence processing shortly after trauma to the development of chronic PTSD. METHODS Neurobehavioral indicators of motivational positive vs. negative valence sensitivities were longitudinally assessed in 171 adults (87 females, age=34.19±11.47 years) at 1-, 6-, and 14-months following trauma exposure (TP1, TP2, TP3). Using a gambling fMRI paradigm, amygdala and VS functionality (activity and functional connectivity with the prefrontal cortex) in response to rewards vs. punishments were assessed with relation to PTSD severity at different time-points. The effect of valence processing was depicted behaviorally by the amount of risk taken to maximize reward. RESULTS PTSD severity at TP1 was associated with greater neural functionality in the amygdala (but not the VS) towards punishments vs. rewards, and fewer risky choices. PTSD severity at TP3 was associated with decreased neural functionality in both the VS and amygdala towards rewards vs. punishments at TP1 (but not with risky behavior). Explainable machine learning revealed the primacy of VS biased processing, over the amygdala, in predicting PTSD severity at TP3. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of biased neural responsivity to positive relative to negative motivational outcomes in PTSD development. Novel therapeutic strategies early after trauma may thus target both valence fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Ben-Zion
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States; United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Ofir Shany
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roee Admon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nimrod Jackob Keynan
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Netanell Avisdris
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; School of Computer Science and Engineering, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Reznik Balter
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Arieh Y Shalev
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Talma Hendler
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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32
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Lee B, Tansey TN, Chan F, Bishop M, Hoyt WT, Hancock LM. Exploration of the Effects of Protective Person–Environment Factors Between Functional Impairments and Stress in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: Mediation and Moderation Analyses. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552211025534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional impairments can lead to stress in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study examined protective person and environment factors (i.e., positive cognitive stress appraisal, core self-evaluations [CSE], resilience, hope, spirituality, social support, and environmental supports) as both mediators and moderators of this association to guide understanding of the experience of stress in this population. The sample consisted of 373 participants with MS. In simple mediation analyses, positive cognitive stress appraisal, CSE, resilience, hope, social support, and environmental supports served as a partial mediator between functional impairments and stress. In a parallel mediation analysis, significant unique indirect effects were observed for two of the seven hypothesized mediator variables (CSE and environmental supports). Separate moderator tests provided support for the CSE variable as a protective factor. The positive association between functional impairments and stress was weaker for persons reporting high CSE compared with those reporting low CSE. The findings provide implications for rehabilitation counseling practices by promoting CSE and environmental supports in improving rehabilitation and psychosocial outcomes for individuals with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fong Chan
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA
| | | | | | - Laura M. Hancock
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, USA
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33
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Richter-Levin G, Sandi C. Title: "Labels Matter: Is it stress or is it Trauma?". Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:385. [PMID: 34247187 PMCID: PMC8272714 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In neuroscience, the term 'Stress' has a negative connotation because of its potential to trigger or exacerbate psychopathologies. Yet in the face of exposure to stress, the more common reaction to stress is resilience, indicating that resilience is the rule and stress-related pathology the exception. This is critical because neural mechanisms associated with stress-related psychopathology are expected to differ significantly from those associated with resilience.Research labels and terminology affect research directions, conclusions drawn from the results, and the way we think about a topic, while choice of labels is often influenced by biases and hidden assumptions. It is therefore important to adopt a terminology that differentiates between stress conditions, leading to different outcomes.Here, we propose to conceptually associate the term 'stress'/'stressful experience' with 'stress resilience', while restricting the use of the term 'trauma' only in reference to exposures that lead to pathology. We acknowledge that there are as yet no ideal ways for addressing the murkiness of the border between stressful and traumatic experiences. Yet ignoring these differences hampers our ability to elucidate the mechanisms of trauma-related pathologies on the one hand, and of stress resilience on the other. Accordingly, we discuss how to translate such conceptual terminology into research practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Hu W, Liu Y, Li J, Zhao X, Yang J. Early life stress moderated the influence of reward anticipation on acute psychosocial stress responses. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13892. [PMID: 34216019 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that reward anticipation decreases individuals' acute stress responses. However, individuals who have experienced early life stress (ELS) may have a blunted capacity for reward anticipation, which reduces its buffering effect on psychosocial stress responses. To investigate this phenomenon, 66 young adults completed the Trier Social Stress Test following a reward anticipation task, and their ELS levels were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Meanwhile, the current study collected biological and psychological measures of stress by analysing cortisol levels, heart rates, heart rate variability (HRV) as well as subjective stress levels, in response to the Trier Social Stress test. Results showed that reward anticipation successfully decreased acute stress responses in general, and it also improved participants' HRV. However, this effect was more evident in individuals with low ELS than those with high ELS. These findings help us deepen understanding of the role of reward anticipation in fostering resilience under stress and the potentially important implications for individuals who have been exposed to ELS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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35
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Dutcher JM, Eisenberger NI, Woo H, Klein WMP, Harris PR, Levine JM, Creswell JD. Neural mechanisms of self-affirmation's stress buffering effects. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:1086-1096. [PMID: 32248237 PMCID: PMC7657454 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-affirmation can buffer stress responses across different contexts, yet the neural mechanisms for these effects are unknown. Self-affirmation has been shown to increase activity in reward-related neural regions, including the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Given that reward-related prefrontal cortical regions such as the VMPFC are involved in reducing neurobiological and behavioral responses to stress, we hypothesized that self-affirmation would activate VMPFC and also reduce neural responses to stress in key neural threat system regions such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI). We explored this hypothesis using self-affirmation and evaluative stress tasks following a within-subjects design in the fMRI scanner. Consistent with prior work, self-affirmation blocks led to lower self-reported stress and improved performance. With respect to neural activity, compared to control blocks, self-affirmation blocks led to greater VMPFC activity, and subsequently less left AI (but not dACC) activity during stress task blocks. Functional connectivity analyses revealed greater connectivity between the VMPFC and left and right AI during self-affirmation compared to control. These findings begin to articulate the neural circuits involved in self-affirmation's effects during exposure to stressors, and more broadly specify neural reward-based responses to stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Dutcher
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Naomi I Eisenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hayoung Woo
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Peter R Harris
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | - John M Levine
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - John David Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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36
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van Steenbergen H, de Bruijn ERA, van Duijvenvoorde ACK, van Harmelen AL. How positive affect buffers stress responses. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Asthana S, Gibson A. Averting a public health crisis in England's coastal communities: a call for public health research and policy. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:642-650. [PMID: 33982058 PMCID: PMC9424058 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal communities have received little attention in the public health literature, perhaps because our mental maps tend to associate socio-economic deprivation and health inequalities with inner cities. Mapping a range of key health indicators at small area level, this paper reveals a distinct core-periphery pattern in disease prevalence, with coastal communities experiencing a high burden of ill health across almost all conditions included in the Quality and Outcomes Framework dataset. Other sources suggest poor outcomes for children and young people living in coastal areas. Low rates of participation in higher education contrast with high rates of hospitalisation for self-harm, alcohol and substance use. Reflecting a shift in the distribution of children living in poverty since the 1990s, this may be an early indicator of a future public health crisis in these communities. Exploring reasons for the health challenges facing the periphery, this perspective piece calls for more public health research that can accommodate the complex and interlinked problems facing coastal communities and a more concerted effort to align public health with economic, education, local government and transport policies at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Asthana
- Plymouth Institute of Health and Care Research (PIHR), University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Alex Gibson
- Plymouth Institute of Health and Care Research (PIHR), University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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38
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Gallo LMH, Giampietro V, Zunszain PA, Tan KS. Covid-19 and Mental Health: Could Visual Art Exposure Help? Front Psychol 2021; 12:650314. [PMID: 33995207 PMCID: PMC8119628 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.650314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A worldwidemental health crisis is expected, as millions worldwide fear death and disease while being forced into repeated isolation. Thus, there is a need for new proactive approaches to improve mental resilience and prevent mental health conditions. Since the 1990s, art has emerged as an alternative mental health therapy in the United States and Europe, becoming part of the social care agenda. This article focuses on how visual esthetic experiences can create similar patterns of neuronal activity as those observed when the reward system is activated. The activation of the reward structures could have a stress buffering effect, given the interdependence observed between the reward and stress systems. Therefore, could visual esthetic experiences stimulate mental resilience? And if this were the case, could art-based interventions be offered for mental health in the context of COVID-19 and beyond?
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. H. Gallo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia A. Zunszain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Syng Tan
- Manchester School of Art, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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39
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Neuroinflammatory and behavioral susceptibility profile of mice exposed to social stress towards cocaine effects. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110123. [PMID: 33002518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using the social defeat (SD) model, numerous studies have shown that stressed mice display an enhanced response to the motivational effects of cocaine in the self-administration (SA) and conditioned-place preference (CPP) paradigms. However, not all subjects exposed to stress express its harmful effects. Some are particularly susceptible to the deleterious effects of repeated SD, while resilient mice successfully cope with stressful experiences and display adjusted psychological functioning after stress. Vulnerability to develop stress-related disorders, such as depression, has been linked to coping strategies and more recently to individual differences in the immune system. However, no studies have evaluated if coping strategies and immune system reactivity to social stress experiences can also predict susceptibility to stress-induced enhancement of the cocaine response. We evaluated cocaine response in socially defeated mice in the CPP and SA paradigms. To evaluate neuroimmune reactivity to stress the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the chemokine CX3CL1 were measured in the striatum and hippocampus. Behavioral phenotype during and after SD episodes was also evaluated. Our results showed that susceptible mice to the depressive-like behaviors effects of stress showed increased conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine in the CPP. In addition, susceptible mice displayed passive-reactive coping behavior during social stress episodes and more pronounced changes in neuroinflammatory markers after the last SD episode, which lasted for one month. Although the complex mechanisms underlying susceptibility or resilience to social stress are still unclear, our results point to multiple adaptive stress responses expressed at different phenotypic levels.
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Dutcher JM, Boyle CC, Eisenberger NI, Cole SW, Bower JE. Neural responses to threat and reward and changes in inflammation following a mindfulness intervention. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 125:105114. [PMID: 33360032 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mindfulness meditation has been shown to reduce distress and increase well-being among individuals with chronic disease, including breast cancer survivors. However, the neural correlates of these changes and their links with inflammatory biology are not yet known. The present study examined whether a mindfulness meditation intervention was associated with changes in neural responses to threat and reward from pre- to post-intervention, and whether those neural changes were associated with changes in markers of inflammation in breast cancer survivors. METHODS This was a single-arm trial of a standardized, validated 6-week mindfulness meditation intervention. Participants were 20 women who had been diagnosed and treated for early-stage breast cancer. Participants provided peripheral blood samples and underwent a 90-minute neuroimaging scan before and after the intervention, with a focus on tasks known to elicit activity in threat- and reward-related neural regions. RESULTS There were significant changes in neural responses to the two tasks of interest from pre to post-intervention (ps < 0.042). Participants showed significant reductions in amygdala activity in response to threatening images and significant increases in ventral striatum activity to rewarding images from pre- to post-intervention. Although changes in amygdala activity were not correlated with inflammatory markers, increases in ventral striatum activity were correlated with decreases in circulating concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the inflammatory marker CRP. CONCLUSIONS These results, while preliminary, suggest that while a mindfulness meditation intervention can alter neural responses to both threat and nonsocial reward-related stimuli, changes in neural reward activity may be more closely linked to changes in circulating levels of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Dutcher
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Chloe C Boyle
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, United States
| | - Naomi I Eisenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Steve W Cole
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, United States; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, United States
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, United States
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Martin-Soelch C, Guillod M, Gaillard C, Recabarren RE, Federspiel A, Mueller-Pfeiffer C, Homan P, Hasler G, Schoebi D, Horsch A, Gomez P. Increased Reward-Related Activation in the Ventral Striatum During Stress Exposure Associated With Positive Affect in the Daily Life of Young Adults With a Family History of Depression. Preliminary Findings. Front Psychiatry 2021; 11:563475. [PMID: 33584359 PMCID: PMC7873952 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.563475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Being the offspring of a parent with major depression disorder (MDD) is a strong predictor for developing MDD. Blunted striatal responses to reward were identified in individuals with MDD and in asymptomatic individuals with family history of depression (FHD). Stress is a major etiological factor for MDD and was also reported to reduce the striatal responses to reward. The stress-reward interactions in FHD individuals has not been explored yet. Extending neuroimaging results into daily-life experience, self-reported ambulatory measures of positive affect (PA) were shown to be associated with striatal activation during reward processing. A reduction of self-reported PA in daily life is consistently reported in individuals with current MDD. Here, we aimed to test (1) whether increased family risk of depression is associated with blunted neural and self-reported reward responses. (2) the stress-reward interactions at the neural level. We expected a stronger reduction of reward-related striatal activation under stress in FHD individuals compared to HC. (3) the associations between fMRI and daily life self-reported data on reward and stress experiences, with a specific interest in the striatum as a crucial region for reward processing. Method: Participants were 16 asymptomatic young adults with FHD and 16 controls (HC). They performed the Fribourg Reward Task with and without stress induction, using event-related fMRI. We conducted whole-brain analyses comparing the two groups for the main effect of reward (rewarded > not-rewarded) during reward feedback in control (no-stress) and stress conditions. Beta weights extracted from significant activation in this contrast were correlated with self-reported PA and negative affect (NA) assessed over 1 week. Results: Under stress induction, the reward-related activation in the ventral striatum (VS) was higher in the FHD group than in the HC group. Unexpectedly, we did not find significant group differences in the self-reported daily life PA measures. During stress induction, VS reward-related activation correlated positively with PA in both groups and negatively with NA in the HC group. Conclusion: As expected, our results indicate that increased family risk of depression was associated with specific striatum reactivity to reward in a stress condition, and support previous findings that ventral striatal reward-related response is associated with PA. A new unexpected finding is the negative association between NA and reward-related ventral striatal activation in the HC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Martin-Soelch
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Guillod
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claudie Gaillard
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Romina Evelyn Recabarren
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller-Pfeiffer
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Homan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Schoebi
- Unit of Clinical Family Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Antje Horsch
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Gomez
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a community participation model for people with multiple sclerosis: A hierarchical regression analysis. THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION COUNSELLING 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/jrc.2020.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder that impacts more than 400,000 people in the U.S. The disease results in multiple functional impairments that are diverse and varied across individuals. Additonally, MS has a profound impact on community participation which, like other rehabilitation outcomes, cannot be explained on the basis of functional limitations alone. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a model of community participation for people living with MS using the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. The model focused on the roles that personal factors have as predictors of community participation, while also serving as mediators and moderators for the relationship between activity limitation and participation. Results from the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that demographic characteristics (i.e. MS type), personal factors (i.e. core self-evaluations (CSE), MS self-management, resilience, and social skills), and activity limitations accounted for 64% of the variance in participation. Further, mediation analysis indicated that CSE mediated the relationship between activity limitation and community participation. Finally, moderation analysis indicated an interaction effect between educational attainment and MS self-management. Implications for future research in rehabilitation and clinical application are discussed.
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Smith PJ, Merwin RM. The Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review. Annu Rev Med 2020; 72:45-62. [PMID: 33256493 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-060619-022943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A large and growing body of evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) may hold therapeutic promise in the management of mental health disorders. Most evidence linking PA to mental health outcomes has focused on the effects of aerobic exercise training on depression, although a growing body of work supports the efficacy of both aerobic and resistance exercise paradigms in the treatment of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite abundant evidence linking PA and mental health, use of exercise training as a mental health treatment remains limited due to three important sources of uncertainty: (a) large individual differences in response to exercise treatment within multiple mental health domains; (b) the critical importance of sustained PA engagement, not always achieved, for therapeutic benefit; and (c) disagreement regarding the relative importance of putative therapeutic mechanisms. Our review of treatment data on exercise interventions and mental health outcomes focuses primarily on depression and anxiety within a health neuroscience framework. Within this conceptual framework, neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms may have additiveor synergistic influences on key cognitive and behavioral processes that influence mental health outcomes. We therefore highlight sources of treatment heterogeneity by integrating the critical influences of (a) neurobiological mechanisms enhancing neuroplasticity and (b) behavioral learning of self-regulatory skills. Understanding the interrelationships between dynamic neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms may help inform personalized mental health treatments and clarify why, and for whom, exercise improves mental health outcomes. The review concludes with recommendations for future studies leveraging individual differences to refine treatment approaches to optimize mental health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.,Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
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Eckstein M, Mamaev I, Ditzen B, Sailer U. Calming Effects of Touch in Human, Animal, and Robotic Interaction-Scientific State-of-the-Art and Technical Advances. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:555058. [PMID: 33329093 PMCID: PMC7672023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.555058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small everyday gestures such as a tap on the shoulder can affect the way humans feel and act. Touch can have a calming effect and alter the way stress is handled, thereby promoting mental and physical health. Due to current technical advances and the growing role of intelligent robots in households and healthcare, recent research also addressed the potential of robotic touch for stress reduction. In addition, touch by non-human agents such as animals or inanimate objects may have a calming effect. This conceptual article will review a selection of the most relevant studies reporting the physiological, hormonal, neural, and subjective effects of touch on stress, arousal, and negative affect. Robotic systems capable of non-social touch will be assessed together with control strategies and sensor technologies. Parallels and differences of human-to-human touch and human-to-non-human touch will be discussed. We propose that, under appropriate conditions, touch can act as (social) signal for safety, even when the interaction partner is an animal or a machine. We will also outline potential directions for future research and clinical relevance. Thereby, this review can provide a foundation for further investigations into the beneficial contribution of touch by different agents to regulate negative affect and arousal in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Eckstein
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilshat Mamaev
- Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Sailer
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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45
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Wang S, Yang C, Zhao Y, Lai H, Zhang L, Gong Q. Sex-linked neurofunctional basis of psychological resilience in late adolescence: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1075-1087. [PMID: 31641900 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychological resilience refers to the ability to adapt effectively in the face of adversity, which is closely related to an individual's psychological and physical health and well-being. Although previous behavioural studies have shown sex differences in psychological resilience, little is known about the neural basis of sex differences in psychological resilience. Here, we measured amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the sex-linked neurofunctional basis of psychological resilience in 231 healthy adolescents. At the behavioural level, we replicated previous findings indicating that males are more resilient than females. At the neural level, we found sex differences in the relationship between psychological resilience and ALFF in the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Specifically, males showed a positive correlation between psychological resilience and ALFF in the right OFC, while females showed a negative correlation in this region. The sex-specific association between psychological resilience and spontaneous brain activity might be dependent on differences in hormonal systems and brain development between male and female adolescents. Taken together, the results of our study might provide the first evidence of sex-specific neurofunctional substrates of psychological resilience in adolescents, emphasizing the vital role of sex effects in future psychological resilience-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Tabibnia G. An affective neuroscience model of boosting resilience in adults. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:321-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fava GA, McEwen BS, Guidi J, Gostoli S, Offidani E, Sonino N. Clinical characterization of allostatic overload. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 108:94-101. [PMID: 31252304 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Allostatic load reflects the cumulative effects of stressful experiences in daily life and may lead to disease over time. When the cost of chronic exposure to fluctuating or heightened neural and systemic physiologic responses exceeds the coping resources of an individual, this is referred to as "toxic stress" and allostatic overload ensues. Its determination has initially relied on measurements of an interacting network of biomarkers. More recently, clinical criteria for the determination of allostatic overload, that provide information on the underlying individual experiential causes, have been developed and used in a number of investigations. These clinimetric tools can increase the number of people screened, while putting the use of biomarkers in a psychosocial context. The criteria allow the personalization of interventions to prevent or decrease the negative impact of toxic stress on health, with particular reference to lifestyle modifications and cognitive behavioral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Fava
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Guidi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Gostoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Offidani
- Department of Behavioral Science and Education, Pennsylvania State University, Schuylkill Haven, PA, USA
| | - Nicoletta Sonino
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Vidal-Ribas P, Benson B, Vitale AD, Keren H, Harrewijn A, Fox NA, Pine DS, Stringaris A. Bidirectional Associations Between Stress and Reward Processing in Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:893-901. [PMID: 31324591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrations in both neural reward processing and stress reactivity are associated with increased risk for mental illness; yet, how these two factors relate to each other remains unclear. Several studies suggest that stress exposure impacts reward function, thus increasing risk for psychopathology. However, the alternative hypothesis, in which reward dysfunction impacts stress reactivity, has been rarely examined. The current study aimed to test both hypotheses using a longitudinal design. METHODS Participants were 38 children (23 girls; 61%) from a prospective cohort study. A standard stress-exposure measure was collected at 7 years of age. Children performed a well-validated imaging reward paradigm at age 10, and a standardized acute psychological stress laboratory protocol was administered both at age 10 and at age 13. Structural equation modeling was used to examine bidirectional associations between stress and neural response to reward anticipation. RESULTS Higher exposure to stressful life events at age 7 predicted lower neural response to reward anticipation in regions of the basal ganglia at age 10, which included ventral caudate, nucleus accumbens, putamen, and globus pallidus. Lower response to reward anticipation in medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex predicted higher stress reactivity at age 13. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide support for bidirectional associations between stress and reward processing, in that stress may impact reward anticipation, but also in that reduced reward anticipation may increase susceptibility to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vidal-Ribas
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Brenda Benson
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aria D Vitale
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hanna Keren
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anita Harrewijn
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Kerage D, Sloan EK, Mattarollo SR, McCombe PA. Interaction of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals with lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:99-111. [PMID: 30999218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neurochemicals can act on lymphocytes by binding to receptors expressed by lymphocytes. This review describes lymphocyte expression of receptors for a selection of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, the anatomical locations where lymphocytes can interact with neurotransmitters, and the effects of the neurotransmitters on lymphocyte function. Implications for health and disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerage
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Division of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Cousins Center for Neuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Pamela A McCombe
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
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Son SJ, Park B, Choi JW, Roh HW, Kim NR, Sin JE, Kim H, Lim HK, Hong CH. Psychological Resilience Enhances the Orbitofrontal Network in the Elderly With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:615. [PMID: 31555158 PMCID: PMC6726738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been suggested that maintaining the efficient organization of the brain's functional connectivity (FC) supports neuroflexibility under neurogenerative stress. This study examined psychological resilience-related FC in 112 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Using a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach, we investigated reorganization of the orbitofrontal gyrus (OFG)/amygdala (AMG)/hippocampus (HP)/parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) FC according to the different levels of resilience scale. Results: Compared with the low resilient group, the high resilient group had greater connectivity strengths between the left inferior OFG and right superior OFG (P < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected), between the right inferior OFG and left PHG (P < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected), and between the right middle OFG and left PHG (false discovery rate < 0.05). Conclusion: Psychological resilience may be associated with enhancement of the orbitofrontal network in the elderly with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Office of Biostatistics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jin Wook Choi
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Roh
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae Eun Sin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Haena Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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