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Randau M, Bach B, Reinholt N, Pernet C, Oranje B, Rasmussen BS, Arnfred S. Transdiagnostic psychopathology in the light of robust single-trial event-related potentials. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14562. [PMID: 38459627 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that event-related potentials (ERPs) as measured on the electroencephalogram (EEG) are more closely related to transdiagnostic, dimensional measures of psychopathology (TDP) than to diagnostic categories. A comprehensive examination of correlations between well-studied ERPs and measures of TDP is called for. In this study, we recruited 50 patients with emotional disorders undergoing 14 weeks of transdiagnostic group psychotherapy as well as 37 healthy comparison subjects (HC) matched in age and sex. HCs were assessed once and patients three times throughout treatment (N = 172 data sets) with a battery of well-studied ERPs and psychopathology measures consistent with the TDP framework The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). ERPs were quantified using robust single-trial analysis (RSTA) methods and TDP correlations with linear regression models as implemented in the EEGLAB toolbox LIMO EEG. We found correlations at several levels of the HiTOP hierarchy. Among these, a reduced P3b was associated with the general p-factor. A reduced error-related negativity correlated strongly with worse symptomatology across the Internalizing spectrum. Increases in the correct-related negativity correlated with symptoms loading unto the Distress subfactor in the HiTOP. The Flanker N2 was related to specific symptoms of Intrusive Cognitions and Traumatic Re-experiencing and the mismatch negativity to maladaptive personality traits at the lowest levels of the HiTOP hierarchy. Our study highlights the advantages of RSTA methods and of using validated TDP constructs within a consistent framework. Future studies could utilize machine learning methods to predict TDP from a set of ERP features at the subject level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Randau
- Research Unit for Psychotherapy & Psychopathology, Mental Health Service West, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Nina Reinholt
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Cyril Pernet
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bob Oranje
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Belinda S Rasmussen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Sidse Arnfred
- Research Unit for Psychotherapy & Psychopathology, Mental Health Service West, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
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Attademo L, Bernardini F, Verdolini N. Neural Correlates of Schizotypal Personality Disorder: a Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and EEG Studies. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:1283-1298. [PMID: 33459241 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210114142206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a cluster A personality disorder affecting 1.0% of general population, characterised by disturbances in cognition and reality testing dimensions, affect regulation, and interpersonal function. SPD shares similar but attenuated phenomenological, genetic, and neurobiological abnormalities with schizophrenia (SCZ) and is described as part of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. OBJECTIVE Aim of this work was to identify the major neural correlates of SPD. METHODS This is a systematic review conducted according to PRISMA statement. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO - International prospective register of systematic reviews. The review was performed to summarise the most comprehensive and updated evidence on functional neuroimaging and neurophysiology findings obtained through different techniques (DW-MRI, DTI, PET, SPECT, fMRI, MRS, EEG) in individuals with SPD. RESULTS Of the 52 studies included in this review, 9 were on DW-MRI and DTI, 11 were on PET and SPECT, 11 were on fMRI and MRS, and 21 were on EEG. It was complex to synthesise all the functional abnormalities found into a single, unified, pathogenetic pathway, but a common theme emerged: the dysfunction of brain circuits including striatal, frontal, temporal, limbic regions (and their networks) together with a dysregulation along the dopaminergic pathways. CONCLUSION Brain abnormalities in SPD are similar, but less marked, than those found in SCZ. Furthermore, different patterns of functional abnormalities in SPD and SCZ have been found, confirming the previous literature on the 'presence' of possible compensatory factors, protecting individuals with SPD from frank psychosis and providing diagnostic specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Attademo
- Hospital Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Care (S.P.D.C.) of Potenza, Department of Mental Health, ASP Basilicata, Italian National Health Service, Potenza. Italy
| | - Francesco Bernardini
- Hospital Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Care (S.P.D.C.) of Pordenone, Department of Mental Health, AsFO Friuli Occidentale, Italian National Health Service, Pordenone. Italy
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st., Barcelona, Catalunya. Spain
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Del Re EC, Maekawa T, Mesholam-Gately RI, Wojcik J, Seidman LJ, McCarley RW, Niznikiewicz MA. Abnormal Frequency Mismatch Negativity in Early Psychosis Outpatient Subjects. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:207-214. [PMID: 31826666 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419886691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Abnormalities of mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related potential, indexing preattentive mechanisms, are consistently reported in schizophrenia (SZ). MMN abnormalities elicited to different deviant types have been recently shown to distinguish among patients according to length of their illness as well as inpatient versus outpatient status, and to be modulated by premorbid IQ. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MMN elicited by both frequency and duration deviant stimuli in patients with early schizophrenia (EP) recruited from an outpatient clinic in Boston, Massachusetts. Methods. Twenty-two healthy controls (HC) and 22 age-, handedness-, and gender-matched EP were tested using a frequency and duration MMN paradigm. Clinical data were also collected. Results. Frequency MMN amplitude but not duration MMN was significantly reduced in EP relative to HC subjects (P = .015). Conclusions. These results indicate that in this sample of early psychosis outpatient group, reductions in frequency MMN but not in duration MMN index clinical status. The relationship between age at first hospitalization and MMN frequency and duration amplitude and latency indicates that neurodevelopmental stage, auditory function, and clinical status are tightly linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta C Del Re
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Toshihiko Maekawa
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne Wojcik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Niemantsverdriet MBA, Slotema CW, van der Veen FM, van der Gaag M, Sommer IEC, Deen M, Franken IHA. Sensory processing deficiencies in patients with borderline personality disorder who experience auditory verbal hallucinations. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112545. [PMID: 31536946 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are common in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). We examined two candidate mechanisms of AVH in patients with BPD, suggested to underlie sensory processing systems that contribute to psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia; sensory gating (P50 ratio and P50 difference) and change detection (mismatch negativity; MMN). Via electroencephalographic recordings P50 amplitude, P50 ratio, P50 difference and MMN amplitude were compared between 23 borderline patients with and 25 without AVH, and 26 healthy controls. Borderline patients with AVH had a significantly lower P50 difference compared with healthy controls, whereas no difference was found between borderline patients without AVH and healthy controls. The groups did not differ on MMN amplitude. The impaired sensory gating in patients with borderline personality disorder who experience AVH implies that P50 sensory gating deficiencies may underlie psychotic vulnerability in this specific patient group. Patients with borderline personality disorder with or without AVH did not have problems with auditory change detection. This may explain why they are spared from the poor outcome associated with negative symptoms and symptoms of disorganization in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B A Niemantsverdriet
- Department of Personality Disorders, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Lijnbaan 4, The Hague, VA, 2512, the Netherlands.
| | - Christina W Slotema
- Department of Personality Disorders, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Lijnbaan 4, The Hague, VA, 2512, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik M van der Veen
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Mandeville Building, Rotterdam, DR, 1738, 3000, the Netherlands
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, BT, 1081, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AD, 9700, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Deen
- Department of Personality Disorders, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Lijnbaan 4, The Hague, VA, 2512, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Mandeville Building, Rotterdam, DR, 1738, 3000, the Netherlands
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Ramos C, Duque-Grajales J, Rendón J, Montoya-Betancur A, Baena A, Pineda D, Tobón C. Changes in Resting EEG in Colombian Ex-combatants ith Antisocial Personality Disorder. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2018; 47:90-97. [PMID: 29754711 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the social and economic consequences of Colombian internal conflicts mainly affected the civilian population, they also had other implications. The ex-combatants, the other side of the conflict, have been the subject of many studies that question their personality structures and antisocial features. Results suggest that ex-combatants usually have characteristics of an antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) that is related with their behaviour. METHODS Quantitative EEG (qEEG) was used to evaluate differences in cortical activity patterns between an ex-combatants group and a control group. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was used to assess the presence of ASPD in the ex-combatants group, as well as the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) for other mental disorders classified in the DCI-10. RESULTS There are significant differences in psychopathy levels between groups, as well as in alpha-2 and beta waves, especially in left temporal and frontal areas for alpha-2 waves and left temporal-central regions for beta waves. CONCLUSIONS qEEG measurements allow spectral resting potential to be differentiated between groups that are related with features typically involved in antisocial personality disorder, and to correlate them with patterns in the questionnaires and clinical interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ramos
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jon Duque-Grajales
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Bioinstrumentación e Ingeniería Clínica (GIBIC), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Rendón
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Ana Baena
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David Pineda
- Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Tobón
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) has historically been neglected by science out of proportion to its prevalence or its association with negative clinical outcomes. This review provides an update on what is known about PPD regarding its prevalence, demographics, comorbidity, biological mechanism, risk factors, and relationship to psychotic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS PPD has long been the subject of a rich and prescient theoretical literature which has provided a surprisingly coherent account of the psychological mechanism of non-delusional paranoia. Available data indicate that PPD has a close relationship with childhood trauma and social stress. Descriptive data on a sample of 115 individuals with Paranoid Personality Disorder is examined in comparison with a group of individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder. The descriptive data largely confirm previously identified relationships between Paranoid Personality Disorder and childhood trauma, violence, and race. We identify important similarities to and differences from Borderline Personality Disorder. SUMMARY PPD continues to be an important construct in the clinic and the laboratory. Available data lead to a reconsideration of the disorder as more closely related to trauma than to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royce Lee
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, , 773-834-5673, MC 3077, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637
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Broyd SJ, Michie PT, Bruggemann J, van Hell HH, Greenwood LM, Croft RJ, Todd J, Lenroot R, Solowij N. Schizotypy and auditory mismatch negativity in a non-clinical sample of young adults. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 254:83-91. [PMID: 27388803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia may be conceptualised using a dimensional approach to examine trait-like expression such as schizotypy within non-clinical populations to better understand pathophysiology. A candidate psychosis-risk marker, the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is thought to index the functionality of glutamatergic NMDA receptor mediated neurotransmission. Although the MMN is robustly reduced in patients with schizophrenia, the association between MMN and schizotypy in the general population is under-investigated. Thirty-five healthy participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and a multi-feature MMN paradigm (standards 82%, 50ms, 1000Hz, 80dB) with duration (100ms), frequency (1200Hz) and intensity (90dB) deviants (6% each). Spearman's correlations were used to explore the association between schizotypal personality traits and MMN amplitude. Few associations were identified between schizotypal traits and MMN. Higher Suspiciousness subscale scores tended to be correlated with larger frequency MMN amplitude. A median-split comparison of the sample on Suspiciousness scores showed larger MMN (irrespective of deviant condition) in the High compared to the Low Suspiciousness group. The trend-level association between MMN and Suspiciousness is in contrast to the robustly attenuated MMN amplitude observed in schizophrenia. Reductions in MMN may reflect a schizophrenia-disease state, whereas non-clinical schizotypy may not be subserved by similar neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Broyd
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology and Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Bruggemann
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hendrika H van Hell
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa-Marie Greenwood
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J Croft
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Juanita Todd
- School of Psychology and Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rhoshel Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Wen X, Wang N, Liu J, Yan Z, Xin Z. Detection of cognitive impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome using mismatch negativity. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1591-8. [PMID: 25657698 PMCID: PMC4308756 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.20.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this experiment, 97 patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome were divided into three groups (mild, moderate, severe) according to minimum oxygen saturation, and 35 healthy subjects were examined as controls. Cognitive function was determined using the mismatch negativity paradigm and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The results revealed that as the disease worsened, the mismatch negativity latency was gradually extended, and the amplitude gradually declined in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Importantly, mismatch negativity latency in severe patients with a persistent time of minimum oxygen saturation < 60 seconds was significantly shorter than that with a persistent time of minimum oxygen saturation > 60 seconds. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between minimum oxygen saturation latency and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. These findings indicate that intermittent night-time hypoxemia affects mismatch negativity waveforms and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. As indicators for detecting the cognitive functional status of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome patients, the sensitivity of mismatch negativity is 82.93%, the specificity is 73.33%, the accuracy rate is 81.52%, the positive predictive value is 85.00%, the negative predictive value is 70.21%, the positive likelihood ratio is 3, and the negative likelihood ratio is 0.23. These results indicate that mismatch negativity can be used as an effective tool for diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ningyu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhanfeng Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhonghai Xin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
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Zhang J, Wang W, Tan Z, Wu Q, Xiao W, Shang L, Zhang Y, Peng J, Miao D. Spatial analysis of schizotypal personality traits in Chinese male youths: evidence from a GIS-based analysis of Sichuan. Int J Ment Health Syst 2014; 8:3. [PMID: 24423022 PMCID: PMC3904416 DOI: 10.1186/1752-4458-8-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizotypal personality traits are associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, stating that schizotypal traits may represent a “prodrome” or other developmental precursor of schizophrenia. Genetic and environmental factors both play importanxt roles in the development of schizotypal traits. Different levels of schizotypal traits across regions may be indicative of similar differences in the incidence of schizophrenia. Aim The present study identifying where in a given region, schizotypal personality traits are more or less level of schizotypal personality scores in Chinese male youth of Sichuan province. Not only for research purposes but also for the evaluation of new draft and allocation policy initiatives intended to aid recruitment of mental health employees. Methods Data from the Psychological Selection Systems for Chinese Recruits, a mental health screening system used in China, collected in 2011 (67,558 copies) were used to map spatial distribution of schizotypal personality traits using geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Correlation analyses were conducted to explore the effects of years of education and illiterate rate on schizotypal personality traits. Results Maps for three schizotypal personality clinical scales (dissociative, Dit; neurotic, Net and sensitive, Set) showed similar geographical trends. The highest T scores were distributed mainly in the eastern and northern counties of Sichuan, with scores decreasing successively from east to west, with the eastern counties generally showing higher scores. Correlation analysis showed that t-scores of Set were negatively correlated with years of education, whereas t-scores of Net were negatively correlated with illiteracy rate. Conclusions Schizotypal personality traits in male youth showed specific geographical trends in Sichuan province, providing some evidence that kriging based on GIS can be used to geographically localize genetic and environmental factors associated with schizotypal personality traits. This approach could be used to help allocate public health resources to specific areas and could also have personnel selection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang Le Western Street No.169, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang Le Western Street No.169, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Department of Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang Le Western Street No.169, Xi'an, Shannxi, China.,Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Office of Basic Education Department, Chongqing Communication Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang Le Western Street No.169, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang Le Western Street No.169, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaxi Peng
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang Le Western Street No.169, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Danmin Miao
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang Le Western Street No.169, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
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Galderisi S, Vignapiano A, Mucci A, Boutros NN. Physiological correlates of positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 21:103-28. [PMID: 24920446 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia have been hypothesized to have a functional impairment in filtering irrelevant sensory information, which may result in positive symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions. Many evidences suggest that abnormalities in the event-related brain potentials (ERPs), resting state electroencephalography (EEG) and synchronized oscillatory activity of neurons may reflect core pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. Abnormalities in amplitude and latency of the ERPs reflecting aberrations in gating and difficulties in the detection of changes in auditory stimuli, as well as defects in stimuli evaluation and integration of information are common in patients with schizophrenia. This chapter highlights the findings of electrophysiological studies in schizophrenia dealing with early sensory perception and attention, automatic sensory detection of stimuli changes and cognitive evaluation and integration of information, relevant to the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning hallucinations and delusions. Results of electrophysiological studies investigating the neural correlates of positive symptoms suggest aberrant intrinsic organization of functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138, Naples, NA, Italy,
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Abstract
Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is currently included in DSM-IV's "odd cluster" or "cluster A." In the present article, the authors review available information pertaining to the psychometric properties of PPD, as derived from the relevant literature and from databases of personality disorder study groups. There is comparatively little published evidence for the reliability and validity of PPD, and researchers by and large have tended not to study the disorder, either because of investigators' difficulty recruiting individuals with PPD into research studies, or (as seems more likely) because the trait-paranoia from which many psychiatric patients suffer has seemed better explained by other DSM-IV disorders on Axis I and/or Axis II than by PPD. Given the scant empirical evidence on PPD, it seems reasonable to remove it as an independent diagnosis from the next edition of DSM, and instead to encourage clinicians to code trait-paranoia using a dimensional approach.
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Electrophysiological correlates of CU traits show abnormal regressive maturation in adolescents with conduct problems. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lijffijt M, Cox B, Acas MD, Lane SD, Moeller FG, Swann AC. Differential relationships of impulsivity or antisocial symptoms on P50, N100, or P200 auditory sensory gating in controls and antisocial personality disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:743-50. [PMID: 22464943 PMCID: PMC3667738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the relationship between antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and early filtering, or gating, of information, even though this could contribute to the repeatedly reported impairment in ASPD of higher-order information processing. In order to investigate early filtering in ASPD, we compared electrophysiological measures of auditory sensory gating assessed by the paired-click paradigm in males with ASPD (n = 37) to healthy controls (n = 28). Stimulus encoding was measured by P50, N100, and P200 auditory evoked potentials; auditory sensory gating (ASG) was measured by a reduction in amplitude of evoked potentials following click repetition. Effects were studied of co-existing past alcohol or drug use disorders, ASPD symptom counts, and trait impulsivity. Controls and ASPD did not differ in P50, N100, or P200 amplitude or ASG. Past alcohol or drug use disorders had no effect. In controls, impulsivity related to improved P50 and P200 gating. In ASPD, P50 or N100 gating was impaired with more symptoms or increased impulsivity, respectively, suggesting impaired early filtering of irrelevant information. In controls the relationship between P50 and P200 gating and impulsivity was reversed, suggesting better gating with higher impulsivity scores. This could reflect different roles of ASG in behavioral regulation in controls versus ASPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Lijffijt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Houston, Texas Medical Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Switch to ziprazidone treatment is associated with changes in MMN amplitude: a case report. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:573-4. [PMID: 19439243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Auditory processing abnormalities in schizotypal personality disorder: an fMRI experiment using tones of deviant pitch and duration. Schizophr Res 2008; 103:26-39. [PMID: 18555666 PMCID: PMC3188851 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the cardinal features of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is language abnormalities. The focus of this study was to determine whether or not there are also processing abnormalities of pure tones differing in pitch and duration in SPD. METHODS Thirteen neuroleptic-naïve male subjects met full criteria for SPD and were group-matched on age and parental socio-economic status to 13 comparison subjects. Verbal learning was measured with the California Verbal Learning Test. Heschl's gyrus volumes were measured using structural MRI. Whole-brain fMRI activation patterns in an auditory task of listening to tones including pitch and duration deviants were compared between SPD and control subjects. In a second and separate ROI analysis we found that peak activation in superior temporal gyrus (STG), Brodmann Areas 41 and 42, was correlated with verbal learning and clinical measures derived from the SCID-II interview. RESULTS In the region of the STG, SPD subjects demonstrated more activation to pitch deviants bilaterally (p<0.001); and to duration deviants in the left hemisphere (p=0.005) (two-sample t). SPD subjects also showed more bilateral parietal cortex activation to duration deviants. In no region did comparison subjects activate more than SPD subjects in either experiment. Exploratory correlations for SPD subjects suggest a relationship between peak activation on the right for deviant tones in the pitch experiment with odd speech and impaired verbal learning. There was no difference between groups on Heschl's gyrus volume. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that SPD subjects have inefficient or hyper-responsive processing of pure tones both in terms of pitch and duration deviance that is not attributable to smaller Heschl's gyrus volumes. Finally, these auditory processing abnormalities may have significance for the odd speech heard in some SPD subjects and downstream language and verbal learning deficits.
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