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Zhang J, Zhao X, Xu H, Liu X, He Y, Tan X, Gu J. NMN synbiotics intervention modulates gut microbiota and metabolism in APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 726:150274. [PMID: 38924882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition with growing evidence implicating the gut microbiota in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NMN synbiotics, a combination of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), Lactobacillus plantarum, and lactulose, on the gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Results demonstrated that NMN synbiotics led to a notable restructuring of the gut microbiota, with a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the AD mice, suggesting a potential amelioration of gut dysbiosis. Alpha diversity indices indicated a reduction in microbial diversity following NMN synbiotics supplementation, while beta diversity analyses revealed a shift towards a more balanced microbial community structure. Functional predictions based on the 16S rRNA data highlighted alterations in metabolic pathways, particularly those related to amino acid and energy metabolism, which are crucial for neuronal health. The metabolomic analysis uncovered a significant impact of NMN synbiotics on the gut metabolome, with normalization of metabolic composition in AD mice. Differential metabolite functions were enriched in pathways associated with neurotransmitter synthesis and energy metabolism, pointing to the potential therapeutic effects of NMN synbiotics in modulating the gut-brain axis and synaptic function in AD. Immunohistochemical staining observed a significant reduction of amyloid plaques formed by Aβ deposition in the brain of AD mice after NMN synbiotics intervention. The findings underscore the potential of using synbiotics to ameliorate the neurodegenerative processes associated with Alzheimer's disease, opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Huilian Xu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jinsong Gu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 250022, China.
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2
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Yang C, Liu G, Chen X, Le W. Cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: an emerging research frontier. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e638. [PMID: 39006764 PMCID: PMC11245631 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is crucial for both motor and nonmotor functions. Alzheimer's disease (AD), alongside other dementias such as vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA), are characterized by specific and non-specific neurodegenerations in central nervous system. Previously, the cerebellum's significance in these conditions was underestimated. However, advancing research has elevated its profile as a critical node in disease pathology. We comprehensively review the existing evidence to elucidate the relationship between cerebellum and the aforementioned diseases. Our findings reveal a growing body of research unequivocally establishing a link between the cerebellum and AD, other forms of dementia, and other NDs, supported by clinical evidence, pathological and biochemical profiles, structural and functional neuroimaging data, and electrophysiological findings. By contrasting cerebellar observations with those from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, we highlight the cerebellum's distinct role in the disease processes. Furthermore, we also explore the emerging therapeutic potential of targeting cerebellum for the treatment of these diseases. This review underscores the importance of the cerebellum in these diseases, offering new insights into the disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yang
- Institute of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Guangdong Liu
- Institute of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
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3
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White KE, Bailey HL, Shaw BS, Geiszler PC, Mesquita-Ribeiro R, Scott D, Layfield R, Serres S. A convenient model of serum-induced reactivity of human astrocytes to investigate astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1414142. [PMID: 38915876 PMCID: PMC11195030 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1414142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by all cells in the CNS, including neurons and astrocytes. EVs are lipid membrane enclosed particles loaded with various bioactive cargoes reflecting the dynamic activities of cells of origin. In contrast to neurons, the specific role of EVs released by astrocytes is less well understood, partly due to the difficulty in maintaining primary astrocyte cultures in a quiescent state. The aim of this study was to establish a human serum-free astrocyte culture system that maintains primary astrocytes in a quiescent state to study the morphology, function, and protein cargoes of astrocyte-derived EVs. Serum-free medium with G5 supplement and serum-supplemented medium with 2% FBS were compared for the culture of commercially available human primary fetal astrocytes. Serum-free astrocytes displayed morphologies similar to in vivo astrocytes, and surprisingly, higher levels of astrocyte markers compared to astrocytes chronically cultured in FBS. In contrast, astrocyte and inflammatory markers in serum-free astrocytes were upregulated 24 h after either acute 2% FBS or cytokine exposure, confirming their capacity to become reactive. Importantly, this suggests that distinct signaling pathways are involved in acute and chronic astrocyte reactivity. Despite having a similar morphology, chronically serum-cultured astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) were smaller in size compared to serum-free ADEVs and could reactivate serum-free astrocytes. Proteomic analysis identified distinct protein datasets for both types of ADEVs with enrichment of complement and coagulation cascades for chronically serum-cultured astrocyte-derived EVs, offering insights into their roles in the CNS. Collectively, these results suggest that human primary astrocytes cultured in serum-free medium bear similarities with in vivo quiescent astrocytes and the addition of serum induces multiple morphological and transcriptional changes that are specific to human reactive astrocytes and their ADEVs. Thus, more emphasis should be made on using multiple structural, molecular, and functional parameters when evaluating ADEVs as biomarkers of astrocyte health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. White
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L. Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Barry S. Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Daniel Scott
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Serres
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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4
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Zhong MZ, Peng T, Duarte ML, Wang M, Cai D. Updates on mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:23. [PMID: 38462606 PMCID: PMC10926682 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States (US). Animal models, specifically mouse models have been developed to better elucidate disease mechanisms and test therapeutic strategies for AD. A large portion of effort in the field was focused on developing transgenic (Tg) mouse models through over-expression of genetic mutations associated with familial AD (FAD) patients. Newer generations of mouse models through knock-in (KI)/knock-out (KO) or CRISPR gene editing technologies, have been developed for both familial and sporadic AD risk genes with the hope to more accurately model proteinopathies without over-expression of human AD genes in mouse brains. In this review, we summarized the phenotypes of a few commonly used as well as newly developed mouse models in translational research laboratories including the presence or absence of key pathological features of AD such as amyloid and tau pathology, synaptic and neuronal degeneration as well as cognitive and behavior deficits. In addition, advantages and limitations of these AD mouse models have been elaborated along with discussions of any sex-specific features. More importantly, the omics data from available AD mouse models have been analyzed to categorize molecular signatures of each model reminiscent of human AD brain changes, with the hope to guide future selection of most suitable models for specific research questions to be addressed in the AD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Peng
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Science Research Program, Scarsdale High School, New York, NY, 10583, USA
| | - Mariana Lemos Duarte
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Research & Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Research & Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neurology, N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), The Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
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Bornstein R, Mulholland MT, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Johnson SC. Glutamine metabolism in diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103887. [PMID: 37586651 PMCID: PMC10773532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise from genetic defects or environmental exposures and impact a wide range of biological processes. Among these are metabolic pathways involved in glutamine catabolism, anabolism, and glutamine-glutamate cycling. In recent years, altered glutamine metabolism has been found to play important roles in the pathologic consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutamine is a pleiotropic molecule, not only providing an alternate carbon source to glucose in certain conditions, but also playing unique roles in cellular communication in neurons and astrocytes. Glutamine consumption and catabolic flux can be significantly altered in settings of genetic mitochondrial defects or exposure to mitochondrial toxins, and alterations to glutamine metabolism appears to play a particularly significant role in neurodegenerative diseases. These include primary mitochondrial diseases like Leigh syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalopathy) and MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy with encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes), as well as complex age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Pharmacologic interventions targeting glutamine metabolizing and catabolizing pathways appear to provide some benefits in cell and animal models of these diseases, indicating glutamine metabolism may be a clinically relevant target. In this review, we discuss glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial disease, the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on glutamine metabolic processes, glutamine in neurodegeneration, and candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bornstein
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael T Mulholland
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Phil Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.
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6
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Liu R, Zhang L, You H. Insulin Resistance and Impaired Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221147. [PMID: 37125547 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complicated and involves multiple contributing factors. Mounting evidence supports the concept that AD is an age-related metabolic neurodegenerative disease mediated in part by brain insulin resistance, and sharing similar metabolic dysfunctions and brain pathological characteristics that occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other insulin resistance disorders. Brain insulin signal pathway is a major regulator of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. In the past several years, impaired BCAA metabolism has been described in several insulin resistant states such as obesity, T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Disrupted BCAA metabolism leading to elevation in circulating BCAAs and related metabolites is an early metabolic phenotype of insulin resistance and correlated with future onset of T2DM. Brain is a major site for BCAA metabolism. BCAAs play pivotal roles in normal brain function, especially in signal transduction, nitrogen homeostasis, and neurotransmitter cycling. Evidence from animal models and patients support the involvement of BCAA dysmetabolism in neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and maple syrup urine disease. More recently, growing studies have revealed altered BCAA metabolism in AD, but the relationship between them is poorly understood. This review is focused on the recent findings regarding BCAA metabolism and its role in AD. Moreover, we will explore how impaired BCAA metabolism influences brain function and participates in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao You
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Yin C, Harms AC, Hankemeier T, Kindt A, de Lange ECM. Status of Metabolomic Measurement for Insights in Alzheimer's Disease Progression-What Is Missing? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054960. [PMID: 36902391 PMCID: PMC10003384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease, leading to the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. As there is still no cure for AD, the growth in the number of susceptible individuals represents a major emerging threat to public health. Currently, the pathogenesis and etiology of AD remain poorly understood, while no efficient treatments are available to slow down the degenerative effects of AD. Metabolomics allows the study of biochemical alterations in pathological processes which may be involved in AD progression and to discover new therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the results from studies on metabolomics analysis performed in biological samples of AD subjects and AD animal models. Then this information was analyzed by using MetaboAnalyst to find the disturbed pathways among different sample types in human and animal models at different disease stages. We discuss the underlying biochemical mechanisms involved, and the extent to which they could impact the specific hallmarks of AD. Then we identify gaps and challenges and provide recommendations for future metabolomics approaches to better understand AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Yin
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy C. Harms
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alida Kindt
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C. M. de Lange
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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8
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Zhang L, Wong LR, Wong P, Shen W, Yang S, Huang L, Lim YA, Ho PCL. Chronic treatment with baicalein alleviates behavioural disorders and improves cerebral blood flow via reverting metabolic abnormalities in a J20 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 28:100599. [PMID: 36817510 PMCID: PMC9931920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalein (BE) has both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It has also been reported able to improve cerebral blood circulation in brain ischemic injury. However, its chronic efficacy and metabolomics in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unknown. In this study, BE at 80 mg/kg was administrated through the oral route in J20 AD transgenic mice aged from aged 4 months to aged 10 months. Metabolic- and neurobehavioural phenotyping was done before and after 6 months' treatment to evaluate the drug efficacy and the relevant mechanisms. Meanwhile, molecular docking was used to study the binding affinity of BE and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) which is related to neuronal injury. The open field test showed that BE could suppress hyperactivity in J20 mice and increase the frequency of the target quadrant crossing in the Morris Water Maze test. More importantly, BE restored cerebral blood flow back to the normal level after the chronic treatment. A 1H NMR-based metabolomics study showed that BE treatment could restore the tricarboxylic acid cycle in plasma. And such a treatment could suppress oxidative stress, inhibit neuroinflammation, alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction, improve neurotransmission, and restore amino homeostasis via starch and sucrose metabolism and glycolipid metabolism in the cortex and hippocampus, which could affect the behavioural and cerebral blood flow. These findings showed that BE is a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ling Rong Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Peiyan Wong
- Neuroscience Phenotyping Core, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Wanxiang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shili Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yun-An Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore,Monash University Malaysia, School of Pharmacy, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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9
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Amin AM, Mostafa H, Khojah HMJ. Insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease: The genetics and metabolomics links. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:215-236. [PMID: 36566957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. Although genetics and environmental factors play a role, AD is highly associated with insulin resistance (IR) disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity, and type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These findings highlight a shared pathogenesis. The use of metabolomics as a downstream systems' biology (omics) approach can help to identify these shared metabolic traits and assist in the early identification of at-risk groups and potentially guide therapy. Targeting the shared AD-IR metabolic trait with lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments may offer promising AD therapeutic approach. In this narrative review, we reviewed the literature on the AD-IR pathogenic link, the shared genetics and metabolomics biomarkers between AD and IR disorders, as well as the lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments which target this pathogenic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa M Amin
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamza Mostafa
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Hani M J Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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He Y, Xu D, Yan Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Tian X, Zhu J, Liu Z, Cheng W, Zheng K, Yang X, Yu Y, Pan W. A metabolite attenuates neuroinflammation, synaptic loss and cognitive deficits induced by chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1043572. [PMID: 36618398 PMCID: PMC9815861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegenerative diseases including AD is currently one of intractable problems globally due to the insufficiency of intervention strategies. Long-term infection of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can induce cognitive impairment in hosts, which is closely implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1) and its produced metabolite itaconate (termed Acod1/itaconate axis), have recently attracted extensive interests due to its anti-inflammatory role in macrophages. However, whether the axis can influence cognitive function remains unknown. Methods A chronic T. gondii-infected mice (C57BL/6J) model was established via administration of cysts by gavage. Novel location (NL), novel object recognition (NOR), Y-maze spatial memory and nest building tests were used to evaluate the behavior performance. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, western-blotting and RNA sequencing were utilized to determine the pathological changes, neuroinflammation and transcription profile in hippocampus tissues post infection, respectively. Moreover, the protective effect of Acod1/itaconate axis in T. gondii-induced cognitive deficits was evaluated. Results We found that the latent infection of the parasite impaired the cognitive function, which was assessed behaviorally by novel location (NL), novel object recognition (NOR), Y-maze spatial memory and nest building tests. RNA sequencing of hippocampus showed that the infection downregulated the expression of genes related to synaptic plasticity, transmission and cognitive behavior. To our attention, the infection robustly upregulated the expression of genes associated with pro-inflammatory responses, which was characterized by microglia activation and disorder of Acod1/itaconate axis. Interestingly, administration of dimethyl itaconate (DI, an itaconate derivative with cell membrane permeability) could significantly ameliorate the cognitive deficits induced by T. gondii, which was proved by improvement of behavior performance and synaptic ultrastructure impairment, and lower accumulation of pro-inflammatory microglia. Notably, DI administration had a potential therapeutic effect on the cognitive deficits and synaptic impairment induced by the parasitic infection. Conclusions Overall, these findings provide a novel insight for the pathogenesis of T. gondii-related cognitive deficits in hosts, and also provide a novel clue for the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongshuai Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokang Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanpeng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Wei Pan, ; Yinghua Yu, ; Xiaoying Yang,
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Wei Pan, ; Yinghua Yu, ; Xiaoying Yang,
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Wei Pan, ; Yinghua Yu, ; Xiaoying Yang,
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11
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Chen C, Liao J, Xia Y, Liu X, Jones R, Haran J, McCormick B, Sampson TR, Alam A, Ye K. Gut microbiota regulate Alzheimer's disease pathologies and cognitive disorders via PUFA-associated neuroinflammation. Gut 2022; 71:2233-2252. [PMID: 35017199 PMCID: PMC10720732 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to investigate the role of gut dysbiosis in triggering inflammation in the brain and its contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. DESIGN We analysed the gut microbiota composition of 3×Tg mice in an age-dependent manner. We generated germ-free 3×Tg mice and recolonisation of germ-free 3×Tg mice with fecal samples from both patients with AD and age-matched healthy donors. RESULTS Microbial 16S rRNA sequencing revealed Bacteroides enrichment. We found a prominent reduction of cerebral amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles pathology in germ-free 3×Tg mice as compared with specific-pathogen-free mice. And hippocampal RNAseq showed that inflammatory pathway and insulin/IGF-1 signalling in 3×Tg mice brain are aberrantly altered in the absence of gut microbiota. Poly-unsaturated fatty acid metabolites identified by metabolomic analysis, and their oxidative enzymes were selectively elevated, corresponding with microglia activation and inflammation. AD patients' gut microbiome exacerbated AD pathologies in 3×Tg mice, associated with C/EBPβ/asparagine endopeptidase pathway activation and cognitive dysfunctions compared with healthy donors' microbiota transplants. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that a complex gut microbiome is required for behavioural defects, microglia activation and AD pathologies, the gut microbiome contributes to pathologies in an AD mouse model and that dysbiosis of the human microbiome might be a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jianming Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rheinallt Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beth McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disorders Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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12
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Spatio-temporal metabolic rewiring in the brain of TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16958. [PMID: 36216838 PMCID: PMC9550832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain damage associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs even decades before the symptomatic onset, raising the need to investigate its progression from prodromal stages. In this context, animal models that progressively display AD pathological hallmarks (e.g. TgF344-AD) become crucial. Translational technologies, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), enable the longitudinal metabolic characterization of this disease. However, an integrative approach is required to unravel the complex metabolic changes underlying AD progression, from early to advanced stages. TgF344-AD and wild-type (WT) rats were studied in vivo on a 7 Tesla MRI scanner, for longitudinal quantitative assessment of brain metabolic profile changes using MRS. Disease progression was investigated at 4 time points, from 9 to 18 months of age, and in 4 regions: cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus. Compared to WT, TgF344-AD rats replicated common findings in AD patients, including decreased N-acetylaspartate in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus, and decreased glutamate in the thalamus and striatum. Different longitudinal evolution of metabolic concentration was observed between TgF344-AD and WT groups. Namely, age-dependent trajectories differed between groups for creatine in the cortex and thalamus and for taurine in cortex, with significant decreases in Tg344-AD animals; whereas myo-inositol in the thalamus and striatum showed greater increase along time in the WT group. Additional analysis revealed divergent intra- and inter-regional metabolic coupling in each group. Thus, in cortex, strong couplings of N-acetylaspartate and creatine with myo-inositol in WT, but with taurine in TgF344-AD rats were observed; whereas in the hippocampus, myo-inositol, taurine and choline compounds levels were highly correlated in WT but not in TgF344-AD animals. Furthermore, specific cortex-hippocampus-striatum metabolic crosstalks were found for taurine levels in the WT group but for myo-inositol levels in the TgF344-AD rats. With a systems biology perspective of metabolic changes in AD pathology, our results shed light into the complex spatio-temporal metabolic rewiring in this disease, reported here for the first time. Age- and tissue-dependent imbalances between myo-inositol, taurine and other metabolites, such as creatine, unveil their role in disease progression, while pointing to the inadequacy of the latter as an internal reference for quantification.
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Quintero ME, Pontes JGDM, Tasic L. Metabolomics in degenerative brain diseases. Brain Res 2021; 1773:147704. [PMID: 34744014 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among the most studied diseases that affect the central nervous system are Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases, but the lack of effective biomarkers, accurate diagnosis, and precise treatment for each of them is currently an issue. Due to the contribution of biomarkers in supporting diagnosis, many recent efforts have focused on their identification and validation at the beginning or during the progression of the mental illness. Metabolome reveals the metabolic processes that result from protein activities under the guided gene expression and environmental factors, either in healthy or pathological conditions. In this context, metabolomics has proven to be a valuable approach. Currently, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) are the most commonly used bioanalytical techniques for metabolomics. MS-assisted profiling is considered the most versatile technique, and the NMR is the most reproductive. However, each one of them has its drawbacks. In this review, we summarized several alterations in metabolites that have been reported for these three classic brain diseases using MS and NMR-based research, which might suggest some possible biomarkers to support the diagnosis and/or new targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Escobar Quintero
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Guilherme de Moraes Pontes
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Gao J, Zhou N, Wu Y, Lu M, Wang Q, Xia C, Zhou M, Xu Y. Urinary metabolomic changes and microbiotic alterations in presenilin1/2 conditional double knockout mice. J Transl Med 2021; 19:351. [PMID: 34399766 PMCID: PMC8365912 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the clinical low efficient treatment based on mono-brain-target design in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and an increasing emphasis on microbiome-gut-brain axis which was considered as a crucial pathway to affect the progress of AD along with metabolic changes, integrative metabolomic signatures and microbiotic community profilings were applied on the early age (2-month) and mature age (6-month) of presenilin1/2 conditional double knockout (PS cDKO) mice which exhibit a series of AD-like phenotypes, comparing with gender and age-matched C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice to clarify the relationship between microbiota and metabolomic changes during the disease progression of AD. Materials and methods Urinary and fecal samples from PS cDKO mice and gender-matched C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice both at age of 2 and 6 months were collected. Urinary metabolomic signatures were measured by the gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometer, as well as 16S rRNA sequence analysis was performed to analyse the microbiota composition at both ages. Furthermore, combining microbiotic functional prediction and Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis to explore the relationship between differential urinary metabolites and gut microbiota. Results In addition to memory impairment, PS cDKO mice displayed metabolic and microbiotic changes at both of early and mature ages. By longitudinal study, xylitol and glycine were reduced at both ages. The disturbed metabolic pathways were involved in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, starch and sucrose metabolism, and citrate cycle, which were consistent with functional metabolic pathway predicted by the gut microbiome, including energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism. Besides reduced richness and evenness in gut microbiome, PS cDKO mice displayed increases in Lactobacillus, while decreases in norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Mucispirillum, and Odoribacter. Those altered microbiota were exceedingly associated with the levels of differential metabolites. Conclusions The urinary metabolomics of AD may be partially mediated by the gut microbiota. The integrated analysis between gut microbes and host metabolism may provide a reference for the pathogenesis of AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03032-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongkang Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengna Lu
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Roy J, Tsui KC, Ng J, Fung ML, Lim LW. Regulation of Melatonin and Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136841. [PMID: 34202125 PMCID: PMC8268832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with age, and is characterized by pathological markers such as amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Symptoms of AD include cognitive impairments, anxiety and depression. It has also been shown that individuals with AD have impaired neurotransmission, which may result from the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Preclinical studies showed that melatonin, a monoaminergic neurotransmitter released from the pineal gland, is able to ameliorate AD pathologies and restore cognitive impairments. Theoretically, inhibition of the pathological progression of AD by melatonin treatment should also restore the impaired neurotransmission. This review aims to explore the impact of AD on neurotransmission, and whether and how melatonin can enhance neurotransmission via improving AD pathology.
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16
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Kumar U, Kumar A, Singh S, Arya P, Singh SK, Chaurasia RN, Singh A, Kumar D. An elaborative NMR based plasma metabolomics study revealed metabolic derangements in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a study on north Indian population. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:957-968. [PMID: 33651272 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is transition phase between cognitive decline and dementia. The current study aims to investigate altered metabolic pattern in plasma of MCI for potential biomarkers. MCI (N = 50) and healthy controls (HC, N = 50) age group 55-75 years were screened based on Mini Mental State Examination Test (MMSE) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI imaging). The MMSE score of MCI was significantly lower (25.74 ± 1.83) compared to healthy control subjects (29 ± 1). The MCI patients exhibit significant changes in white matter integrity in the right frontal lobe, right temporal lobe, left frontal lobe, forcep major, fornix, corpus callosum. Further, the plasma samples of twenty seven MCI patients (N = 27) and twenty HC subjects (N = 20; having no significant differences in any demographics) were analyzed using 1H NMR based metabolomics approach. Consistent with many previous reports, the levels of several plasma metabolites were found to be elevated in MCI patients compared to healthy controls. Further univariate and multivariate ROC curve analyses provided three plasma metabolites as a diagnostic panel of biomarker for MCI; which are lysine, glycine, and glutamine. Overall, the results of this study will help to improve the diagnostic and prognostic strategies of MCI in addition to improving our understanding about disease pathogenesis. We believe that the over-nutritional metabolic phenotype of MCI needs to be targeted for developing future dietary interventions so that the progression of MCI can be limited. Metabolic derangements associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Abhai Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Smita Singh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Payal Arya
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anup Singh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
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17
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Dienel GA. Stop the rot. Enzyme inactivation at brain harvest prevents artifacts: A guide for preservation of the in vivo concentrations of brain constituents. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1007-1031. [PMID: 33636013 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem metabolism is widely recognized to cause rapid and prolonged changes in the concentrations of multiple classes of compounds in brain, that is, they are labile. Post-mortem changes from levels in living brain include components of pathways of metabolism of glucose and energy compounds, amino acids, lipids, signaling molecules, neuropeptides, phosphoproteins, and proteins. Methods that stop enzyme activity at brain harvest were developed almost 50 years ago and have been extensively used in studies of brain functions and diseases. Unfortunately, these methods are not commonly used to harvest brain tissue for mass spectrometry-based metabolomic studies or for imaging mass spectrometry studies (IMS, also called mass spectrometry imaging, MSI, or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MSI, MALDI-MSI). Instead these studies commonly kill animals, decapitate, dissect out brain and regions of interest if needed, then 'snap' freeze the tissue to stop enzymatic activity after harvest, with post-mortem intervals typically ranging from ~0.5 to 3 min. To increase awareness of the importance of stopping metabolism at harvest and preventing the unnecessary complications of not doing so, this commentary provides examples of labile metabolites and the magnitudes of their post-mortem changes in concentrations during brain harvest. Brain harvest methods that stop metabolism at harvest eliminate post-mortem enzymatic activities and can improve characterization of normal and diseased brain. In addition, metabolomic studies would be improved by reporting absolute units of concentration along with normalized peak areas or fold changes. Then reported values can be evaluated and compared with the extensive neurochemical literature to help prevent reporting of artifactual data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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18
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Fu ZL, Mercier P, Eskandari-Sedighi G, Yang J, Westaway D, Sykes BD. Metabolomic study of disease progression in scrapie prion infected mice; validation of a novel method for brain metabolite extraction. Metabolomics 2020; 16:72. [PMID: 32533504 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prion disease is a form of neurodegenerative disease caused by the misfolding and aggregation of cellular prion protein (PrPC). The neurotoxicity of the misfolded form of prion protein, PrPSc still remains understudied. Here we try to investigate this issue using a metabolomics approach. OBJECTIVES The intention was to identify and quantify the small-in-size and water-soluble metabolites extracted from mice brains infected with the Rocky Mountain Laboratory isolate of mouse-adapted scrapie prions (RML) and track changes in these metabolites during disease evolution. METHODS A total of 73 mice were inoculated with RML prions or normal brain homogenate control; brains were harvested at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days post-inoculation (dpi). We devised a high-efficiency metabolite extraction method and used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify and quantify 50 metabolites in the brain extracts. Data were analyzed using multivariate approach. RESULTS Brain metabolome profiles of RML infected animals displayed continuous changes throughout the course of disease. Among the analyzed metabolites, the most noteworthy changes included increases in myo-inositol and glutamine as well as decreases in 4-aminobutyrate, acetate, aspartate and taurine. CONCLUSION We report a novel metabolite extraction method for lipid-rich tissue. As all the major metabolites are identifiable and quantifiable by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, this study suggests that tracking of neurochemical profiles could be effective in monitoring the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and useful for assessing the efficacy of candidate therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Lin Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pascal Mercier
- National High Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre (NANUC), Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ghazaleh Eskandari-Sedighi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jing Yang
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Westaway
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brian D Sykes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Zhang Z, Yi P, Yang J, Huang J, Xu P, Hu M, Zhang C, Wang B, Peng W. Integrated network pharmacology analysis and serum metabolomics to reveal the cognitive improvement effect of Bushen Tiansui formula on Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112371. [PMID: 31683034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bushen Tiansui Formula (BSTSF) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used clinically to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) for many years. Previously, we have partially elucidated the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of BSTSF on AD. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to further investigate the therapeutic effects of BSTSF on AD using an integrated strategy of network pharmacology and serum metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat models of AD were established using Aβ 1-42 injection, and morris water maze test was used to evaluate the efficacy of BSTSF on AD. Next, network pharmacology analysis was applied to identify the active compounds and target genes, which might be responsible for the effect of BSTSF. Then, a metabolomics strategy has been developed to find the possible significant serum metabolites and metabolic pathway induced by BSTSF. Additionally, two parts of the results were integrated to confirm each other. RESULTS The results of the network pharmacology analysis showed 37 compounds and 64 potential target genes related to the treatment of AD with BSTSF. The functional enrichment analysis indicated that the potential mechanism was mainly associated with the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Based on metabolomics, 78 differential endogenous metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers related to the BSTSF for treating AD. These metabolites were mainly involved in the relevant pathways of linoleic acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. These findings were partly consistent with the findings of the network pharmacology analysis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results solidly supported and enhanced out current understanding of the therapeutic effects of BSTSF on AD. Meanwhile, our work revealed that the proposed network pharmacology-integrated metabolomics strategy was a powerful means for identifying active components and mechanisms contributing to the pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Pengji Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Muli Hu
- Department of Scientific Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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20
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Tondo M, Wasek B, Escola-Gil JC, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Harmon C, Arning E, Bottiglieri T. Altered Brain Metabolome Is Associated with Memory Impairment in the rTg4510 Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020069. [PMID: 32075035 PMCID: PMC7074477 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized, amongst other features, by the pathologic accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau filaments in neurons that lead to neurofibrillary tangles. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the abnormal processing of tau leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment remain unknown. Metabolomic techniques can comprehensively assess disturbances in metabolic pathways that reflect changes downstream from genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic systems. In the present study, we undertook a targeted metabolomic approach to determine a total of 187 prenominated metabolites in brain cortex tissue from wild type and rTg4510 animals (a mice model of tauopathy), in order to establish the association of metabolic pathways with cognitive impairment. This targeted metabolomic approach revealed significant differences in metabolite concentrations of transgenic mice. Brain glutamine, serotonin and sphingomyelin C18:0 were found to be predictors of memory impairment. These findings provide informative data for future research on AD, since some of them agree with pathological alterations observed in diseased humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Tondo
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (M.T.); (B.W.); (C.H.); (E.A.)
- Servei de Bioquímica, Laboratori Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (M.T.); (B.W.); (C.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Joan Carles Escola-Gil
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and CIBERDEM, Institute of Health Carlos III, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)—Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) and CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Clinton Harmon
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (M.T.); (B.W.); (C.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Erland Arning
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (M.T.); (B.W.); (C.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (M.T.); (B.W.); (C.H.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Polis B, Samson AO. Role of the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids in the development of Alzheimer's disease and other metabolic disorders. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1460-1470. [PMID: 31997805 PMCID: PMC7059578 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.274328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is an incurable chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia, imposing a growing economic burden upon society. The disease progression is associated with gradual deposition of amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles within the brain parenchyma, yet severe dementia is the culminating phase of the enduring pathology. Converging evidence suggests that Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive decline is the outcome of an extremely complex and persistent pathophysiological process. The disease is characterized by distinctive abnormalities apparent at systemic, histological, macromolecular, and biochemical levels. Moreover, besides the well-defined and self-evident characteristic profuse neurofibrillary tangles, dystrophic neurites, and amyloid-beta deposits, the Alzheimer’s disease-associated pathology includes neuroinflammation, substantial neuronal loss, apoptosis, extensive DNA damage, considerable mitochondrial malfunction, compromised energy metabolism, and chronic oxidative stress. Likewise, distinctive metabolic dysfunction has been named a leading cause and a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease that is apparent decades prior to disease manifestation. State-of-the-art metabolomics studies demonstrate that altered branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) metabolism accompanies Alzheimer’s disease development. Lower plasma valine levels are correlated with accelerated cognitive decline, and, conversely, an increase in valine concentration is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, a clear BCAAs-related metabolic signature has been identified in subjects with obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Also, arginine metabolism is dramatically altered in Alzheimer’s disease human brains and animal models. Accordingly, a potential role of the urea cycle in the Alzheimer’s disease development has been hypothesized, and preclinical studies utilizing intervention in the urea cycle and/or BCAAs metabolism have demonstrated clinical potential. Continual failures to offer a competent treatment strategy directed against amyloid-beta or Tau proteins-related lesions, which could face all challenges of the multifaceted Alzheimer’s disease pathology, led to the hypothesis that hyperphosphorylated Tau and deposited amyloid-beta proteins are just hallmarks or epiphenomena, but not the ultimate causes of Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, approaches targeting amyloid-beta or Tau are not adequate to cure the disease. Accordingly, the modern scientific vision of Alzheimer’s disease etiology and pathogenesis must reach beyond the hallmarks, and look for alternative strategies and areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruh Polis
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Abraham O Samson
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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22
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Roles of taurine in cognitive function of physiology, pathologies and toxication. Life Sci 2019; 231:116584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim YH, Shim HS, Kim KH, Lee J, Chung BC, Kowall NW, Ryu H, Lee J. Metabolomic Analysis Identifies Alterations of Amino Acid Metabolome Signatures in the Postmortem Brain of Alzheimer's Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:376-389. [PMID: 31308797 PMCID: PMC6614073 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.3.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in neuroscience research over the past several decades, the exact cause of AD has not yet fully understood. The metabolic hypothesis as well as the amyloid and tau hypotheses have been proposed to be associated with AD pathogenesis. In order to identify metabolome signatures from the postmortem brains of sporadic AD patients and control subjects, we performed ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). Not only our study identified new metabolome signatures but also verified previously known metabolome profiles in the brain. Statistical modeling of the analytical data and validation of the structural assignments discovered metabolic biomarkers associated with the AD pathogenesis. Interestingly, hypotaurin, myo-inositol and oxo-proline levels were markedly elevated in AD while lutamate and N-acetyl-aspartate were decreased in the postmortem brain tissue of AD patients. In addition, neurosteroid level such as cortisol was significantly increased in AD. Together, our data indicate that impaired amino acid metabolism is associated with AD pathogenesis and the altered amino acid signatures can be useful diagnostic biomarkers of AD. Thus, modulation of amino acid metabolism may be a possible therapeutic approach to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hwan Kim
- MolecularRecognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Junghee Lee
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- MolecularRecognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Neil W. Kowall
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jeongae Lee
- MolecularRecognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
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Reverting Metabolic Dysfunction in Cortex and Cerebellum of APP/PS1 Mice, a Model for Alzheimer's Disease by Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) Agonist. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7267-7283. [PMID: 31016475 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of molecular mechanisms underlying early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for the development of new therapies against and diagnosis of AD. In this study, gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach was employed to investigate the metabolic profiles in plasma and brain tissues harvested from 5-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice and their wildtype counterparts. Since different brain regions were expected to have their own distinct metabolic signals, four different brain regions, namely cortex, hippocampus, midbrain and cerebellum tissues, were dissected and had their metabolic profiles studied separately. Biochemical assays were also performed on plasma and brain cortex tissue of transgenic mice and wildtype mice, with a focus on mitochondrial health. Amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-β levels in plasma, brain cortex tissue and mitochondria fractions isolated from brain cortex were measured to assess the amyloid pathology. Our findings include the observation of extensive metabolic alterations in cortex and cerebellum of APP/PS1 mice, but not in their hippocampus, midbrain and plasma. The major pathways affected in cortex and cerebellum of APP/PS1 mice were closely related to impaired energy metabolism and perturbation of amino acid metabolism in these mice. APP/PS1 mice also exhibited higher amyloid-β40 and amyloid-β42 in their cortex, accumulation of mitochondria APP in their cortex, and presented an altered oxidative state in their brain. Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) successfully restored the energy metabolism, lowered amyloid-β levels and afforded the APP/PS1 mice a better antioxidative capacity in their cortex.
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Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Shi J, An Y, Zhang K, Wang Y, Li S, Jin L, Ye W, Cui M, Chen X. Metabolomics in the Development and Progression of Dementia: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:343. [PMID: 31031585 PMCID: PMC6474157 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia has become a major global public health challenge with a heavy economic burden. It is urgently necessary to understand dementia pathogenesis and to identify biomarkers predicting risk of dementia in the preclinical stage for prevention, monitoring, and treatment. Metabolomics provides a novel approach for the identification of biomarkers of dementia. This systematic review aimed to examine and summarize recent retrospective cohort human studies assessing circulating metabolite markers, detected using high-throughput metabolomics, in the context of disease progression to dementia, including incident mild cognitive impairment, all-cause dementia, and cognitive decline. We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for retrospective cohort human studies assessing associations between blood (plasma or serum) metabolomics profile and cognitive decline and risk of dementia from inception through October 15, 2018. We identified 16 studies reporting circulating metabolites and risk of dementia, and six regarding cognitive performance change. Concentrations of several blood metabolites, including lipids (higher phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and lysophophatidylcholine, and lower docosahexaenoic acid and high-density lipoprotein subfractions), amino acids (lower branched-chain amino acids, creatinine, and taurine, and higher glutamate, glutamine, and anthranilic acid), and steroids were associated with cognitive decline and the incidence or progression of dementia. Circulating metabolites appear to be associated with the risk of dementia. Metabolomics could be a promising tool in dementia biomarker discovery. However, standardization and consensus guidelines for study design and analytical techniques require future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanpeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexun Zhang
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Cui
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Wang R, Zhang Z, Kumar M, Xu G, Zhang M. Neuroprotective potential of ketamine prevents developing brain structure impairment and alteration of neurocognitive function induced via isoflurane through the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:501-512. [PMID: 30787593 PMCID: PMC6366353 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s188636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the current experimental study was to scrutinize the neuroprotective effect of ketamine on the isoflurane (iso)-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats via phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) pathway. Materials and methods Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the current experimental study. The rats were divided into six groups and rats were treated with ketamine and memantine. For the estimation of cognitive function study, we used the Morris water test. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and caspase-6; the antioxidant parameters malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and protein carbonyl; acetylcholinesterase, amyloid β, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were estimated, respectively. The protein expression of AKT, GSK-3β, p21WAF1/CIP1, and p53 was also estimated, respectively. Results Ketamine significantly enhanced cognitive function and showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and exhibited the neuroprotective effect of ketamine against the isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. Additionally, ketamine significantly (P<0.005) suppressed IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, caspase-6 and p21WAF1/CIP1, p53 expression and up-regulated the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β expression in the group of iso-induced rats. Conclusion We can conclude that ketamine prevented the cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane anesthesia through anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects via the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330031, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Guangming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, People's Republic of China,
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Wang X, Hou Y, Hou Z, Xiong W, Huang G. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Brain Cholesterol and Metabolites with Trifluoroacetic Acid-Enhanced Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2719-2726. [PMID: 30645089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of cholesterol and other metabolites simultaneously by ambient mass spectrometry will greatly benefit biological studies, however, it still remains challenging. Herein, by adding acid into the desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) spray solvent, we achieved simultaneous mass spectrometry imaging of cholesterol and other metabolites directly from mouse brain sections. The introduction of acid increased the signal intensity of cholesterol in mouse brain tissues by approximately 21-fold. Additionally, the present strategy provided increased signal intensities for other metabolites up to 62-fold, as well as identification of seven more metabolites (23 vs 16 for acid-enhanced DESI vs DESI). Moreover, increased corelationships for alanine as well as putrescine and spermidine with cholesterol were discovered under acid-enhanced DESI. The potential of the present strategy in the fields of biological and medical research was demonstrated by investigating the level change for cholesterol, alanine, putrescine, and spermidine in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Xiong
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , People's Republic of China
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28
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Dubey SK, Ram MS, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Agrawal M, Ajazuddin, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Recent Expansions on Cellular Models to Uncover the Scientific Barriers Towards Drug Development for Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:181-209. [PMID: 30671696 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the central nervous system (CNS) disorders appear as the most critical pathological threat with no proper cure. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one such condition frequently observed with the aged population and sometimes in youth too. Most of the research utilizes different animal models for in vivo study of AD pathophysiology and to investigate the potency of the newly developed therapy. These in vivo models undoubtably provide a powerful investigation tool to study human brain. Although, it sometime fails to mimic the exact environment and responses as the human brain owing to the distinctive genetic and anatomical features of human and rodent brain. In such condition, the in vitro cell model derived from patient specific cell or human cell lines can recapitulate the human brain environment. In addition, the frequent use of animals in research increases the cost of study and creates various ethical issues. Instead, the use of in vitro cellular models along with animal models can enhance the translational values of in vivo models and represent a better and effective mean to investigate the potency of therapeutics. This strategy also limits the excessive use of laboratory animal during the drug development process. Generally, the in vitro cell lines are cultured from AD rat brain endothelial cells, the rodent models, human astrocytes, human brain capillary endothelial cells, patient derived iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) and also from the non-neuronal cells. During the literature review process, we observed that there are very few reviews available which describe the significance and characteristics of in vitro cell lines, for AD investigation. Thus, in the present review article, we have compiled the various in vitro cell lines used in AD investigation including HBMEC, BCECs, SHSY-5Y, hCMEC/D3, PC-2 cell line, bEND3 cells, HEK293, hNPCs, RBE4 cells, SK-N-MC, BMVECs, CALU-3, 7W CHO, iPSCs and cerebral organoids cell lines and different types of culture media such as SCM, EMEM, DMEM/F12, RPMI, EBM and 3D-cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Munnangi Siva Ram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India.,Hemchand Yadav University, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491 001, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India.
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Next-generation biomarker discovery in Alzheimer's disease using metabolomics - from animal to human studies. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1525-1546. [PMID: 30198770 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease driven mainly by neuronal loss due to accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid β aggregates in the brain. The diagnosis of AD currently relies on clinical symptoms while the disease can only be confirmed at autopsy. The few available biomarkers allowing for diagnosis are typically detected many years after the onset of the disease. New diagnostic approaches, particularly in easily-accessible biofluids, are essential. By providing an exhaustive information of the phenotype, metabolomics is an ideal approach for identification of new biomarkers. This review investigates the current position of metabolomics in the field of AD research, focusing on animal and human studies, and discusses the improvements carried out over the past decade.
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30
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Rossi F, Geiszler PC, Meng W, Barron MR, Prior M, Herd-Smith A, Loreto A, Lopez MY, Faas H, Pardon MC, Conforti L. NAD-biosynthetic enzyme NMNAT1 reduces early behavioral impairment in the htau mouse model of tauopathy. Behav Brain Res 2018; 339:140-152. [PMID: 29175372 PMCID: PMC5769520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
NAD metabolism and the NAD biosynthetic enzymes nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferases (NMNATs) are thought to play a key neuroprotective role in tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. Here, we investigated whether modulating the expression of the NMNAT nuclear isoform NMNAT1, which is important for neuronal maintenance, influences the development of behavioral and neuropathological abnormalities in htau mice, which express non-mutant human tau isoforms and represent a model of tauopathy relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Prior to the development of cognitive symptoms, htau mice exhibit tau hyperphosphorylation associated with a selective deficit in food burrowing, a behavior reminiscent to activities of daily living which are impaired early in Alzheimer's disease. We crossed htau mice with Nmnat1 transgenic and knockout mice and tested the resulting offspring until the age of 6 months. We show that overexpression of NMNAT1 ameliorates the early deficit in food burrowing characteristic of htau mice. At 6 months of age, htau mice did not show neurodegenerative changes in both the cortex and hippocampus, and these were not induced by downregulating NMNAT1 levels. Modulating NMNAT1 levels produced a corresponding effect on NMNAT enzymatic activity but did not alter NAD levels in htau mice. Although changes in local NAD levels and subsequent modulation of NAD-dependent enzymes cannot be ruled out, this suggests that the effects seen on behavior may be due to changes in tau phosphorylation. Our results suggest that increasing NMNAT1 levels can slow the progression of symptoms and neuropathological features of tauopathy, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rossi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Philippine C Geiszler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Weina Meng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Matthew R Barron
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Malcolm Prior
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Anna Herd-Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Andrea Loreto
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Maria Yanez Lopez
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Henryk Faas
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Marie-Christine Pardon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Laura Conforti
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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31
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González-Domínguez R, Sayago A, Fernández-Recamales Á. Metabolomics in Alzheimer’s disease: The need of complementary analytical platforms for the identification of biomarkers to unravel the underlying pathology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1071:75-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Arnés M, Casas-Tintó S, Malmendal A, Ferrús A. Amyloid β42 peptide is toxic to non-neural cells in Drosophila yielding a characteristic metabolite profile and the effect can be suppressed by PI3K. Biol Open 2017; 6:1664-1671. [PMID: 29141953 PMCID: PMC5703620 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Aβ42 peptide is associated with Alzheimer's disease through its deleterious effects in neurons. Expressing the human peptide in adult Drosophila in a tissue- and time-controlled manner, we show that Aβ42 is also toxic in non-neural cells, neurosecretory and epithelial cell types in particular. This form of toxicity includes the aberrant signaling by Wingless morphogen leading to the eventual activation of Caspase 3. Preventing Caspase 3 activation by means of p53 keeps epithelial cells from elimination but maintains the Aβ42 toxicity yielding more severe deleterious effects to the organism. Metabolic profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of adult flies at selected ages post Aβ42 expression onset reveals characteristic changes in metabolites as early markers of the pathological process. All morphological and most metabolic features of Aβ42 toxicity can be suppressed by the joint overexpression of PI3K. Summary: The Alzheimer's disease-related Aβ42 peptide is toxic for non-neural cells. This toxicity can be detected by specific metabolite changes and suppressed by the overexpression of the enzyme PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Arnés
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Avda. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Casas-Tintó
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Avda. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anders Malmendal
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alberto Ferrús
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Avda. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Weinstock NI, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML, Shin D. Metabolic profiling reveals biochemical pathways and potential biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1094-107. [PMID: 27638595 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is caused by mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene, which encodes a lysosomal enzyme that degrades galactolipids, including galactosylceramide and galactosylsphingosine (psychosine). GALC deficiency results in progressive intracellular accumulation of psychosine, which is believed to be the main cause for the demyelinating neurodegeneration in KD pathology. Umbilical cord blood transplantation slows disease progression when performed presymptomatically but carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Accurate presymptomatic diagnosis is therefore critical to facilitate the efficacy of existing transplant approaches and to avoid unnecessary treatment of children who will not develop KD. Unfortunately, current diagnostic criteria, including GALC activity, genetic analysis, and psychosine measurement, are insufficient for secure presymptomatic diagnosis. This study performs a global metabolomic analysis to identify pathogenetic metabolic pathways and novel biomarkers implicated in the authentic mouse model of KD known as twitcher. At a time point before onset of signs of disease, twitcher hindbrains had metabolic profiles similar to WT, with the exception of a decrease in metabolites related to glucose energy metabolism. Many metabolic pathways were altered after early signs of disease in the twitcher, including decreased phospholipid turnover, restricted mitochondrial metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, increased inflammation, and changes in neurotransmitter metabolism and osmolytes. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is increased before signs of disease appear, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis of KD. Additionally, given the early changes in glucose metabolism in the pathogenesis of KD, diagnostic modalities that report metabolic function, such as positron emission tomography, may be useful in KD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav I Weinstock
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Daesung Shin
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
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Neuronal hyperactivity due to loss of inhibitory tone in APOE4 mice lacking Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1464. [PMID: 29133888 PMCID: PMC5684208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the dominant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the reason APOE4 is associated with increased AD risk remains a source of debate. Neuronal hyperactivity is an early phenotype in both AD mouse models and in human AD, which may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we have identified an APOE4-associated hyperactivity phenotype in the brains of aged APOE mice using four complimentary techniques—fMRI, in vitro electrophysiology, in vivo electrophysiology, and metabolomics—with the most prominent hyperactivity occurring in the entorhinal cortex. Further analysis revealed that this neuronal hyperactivity is driven by decreased background inhibition caused by reduced responsiveness of excitatory neurons to GABAergic inhibitory inputs. Given the observations of neuronal hyperactivity in prodromal AD, we propose that this APOE4-driven hyperactivity may be a causative factor driving increased risk of AD among APOE4 carriers. The APOE4 allele is the leading risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but how it might contribute to the disease is not clear. Here the authors show that a mouse expressing the human APOE4 allele displays hyperactivity in the entorhinal cortex due to a decreased inhibitory tone, which may in part explain accelerated Alzheimer’s pathology in APOE4 carriers.
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Zhang W, Gu GJ, Zhang Q, Liu JH, Zhang B, Guo Y, Wang MY, Gong QY, Xu JR. NSCs promote hippocampal neurogenesis, metabolic changes and synaptogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Hippocampus 2017; 27:1250-1263. [PMID: 28833933 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling persist as a unique form of structural and functional plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles due to the existence of neural stem cells (NSCs). Transplantation of NSCs may represent a promising approach for the recovery of neural circuits. Here, we aimed to examine effects of highly neuronal differentiation of NSCs transplantation on hippocampal neurogenesis, metabolic changes and synaptic formation in APP/PS1 mice. 12-month-old APP/PS1 mice were used for behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, western blot, transmission electron microscopy and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The results showed that N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and Glutamate (Glu) levels were increased in the Tg-NSC mice compared with the Tg-PBS and Tg-AD mice 10 weeks after NSCs transplantation. NSC-induced an increase in expression of synaptophysin and postsynaptic protein-95, and the number of neurons with normal synapses was significantly increased in Tg-NSC mice. More doublecortin-, BrdU/NeuN- and Nestin-positive neurons were observed in the hippocampal DG and SVZ of the Tg-NSC mice. This is the first demonstration that engrafted NSCs with a high differentiation rate to neurons can enhance neurogenesis in a mouse model of AD and can be detected by 1H-MRS in vivo. It is suggested that engraft of NSCs can restore memory and promote endogenous neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling, moreover, 1H-MRS can detect metabolite changes in AD mice in vivo. The observed changes in NAA/creatine (Cr) and glutamate (Glu)/Cr may be correlated with newborn neurons and new synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Gu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Urumqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Yong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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Djordjevic J, Thomson E, Chowdhury SR, Snow WM, Perez C, Wong TP, Fernyhough P, Albensi BC. Brain region- and sex-specific alterations in mitochondrial function and NF-κB signaling in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2017; 361:81-92. [PMID: 28802916 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common late onset neurodegenerative disorder with indications that women are disproportionately affected. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been one of the most discussed hypotheses associated with the early onset and progression of AD, and it has been attributed to intraneuronal accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ). It was suggested that one of the possible mediators for Aβ-impaired mitochondrial function is the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. NF-κB plays important roles in brain inflammation and antioxidant defense, as well as in the regulation of mitochondrial function, and studies have confirmed altered NF-κB signaling in AD brain. In this study, we looked for sex-based differences in impaired bioenergetic processes and NF-κB signaling in the AD-like brain using transgenic (Tg) CRND8 mice that express excessive brain Aβ, but without tau pathology. Our results show that mitochondrial dysfunction is not uniform in affected brain regions. We observed increased basal and coupled respiration in the hippocampus of TgCRND8 females only, along with a decreased Complex II-dependent respiratory activity. Cortical mitochondria from TgCRND8 mice have reduced uncoupled respiration capacity, regardless of sex. The pattern of changes in NF-κB signaling was the same in both brain structures, but was sex specific. Whereas in females there was an increase in all three subunits of NF-κB, in males we observed increase in p65 and p105, but no changes in p50 levels. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial function and inflammatory signaling in the AD-like brain is region- and sex-specific, which is an important consideration for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Djordjevic
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Ella Thomson
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Subir Roy Chowdhury
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Wanda M Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Claudia Perez
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Jin G, Yang X, Zhou H. Regulating dyslipidemia effect of polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus on fat-emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:107-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Workflow methodology for rat brain metabolome exploration using NMR, LC–MS and GC–MS analytical platforms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:270-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cruz T, Gleizes M, Balayssac S, Mornet E, Marsal G, Millán JL, Malet-Martino M, Nowak LG, Gilard V, Fonta C. Identification of altered brain metabolites associated with TNAP activity in a mouse model of hypophosphatasia using untargeted NMR-based metabolomics analysis. J Neurochem 2017; 140:919-940. [PMID: 28072448 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a key player of bone mineralization and TNAP gene (ALPL) mutations in human are responsible for hypophosphatasia (HPP), a rare heritable disease affecting the mineralization of bones and teeth. Moreover, TNAP is also expressed by brain cells and the severe forms of HPP are associated with neurological disorders, including epilepsy and brain morphological anomalies. However, TNAP's role in the nervous system remains poorly understood. To investigate its neuronal functions, we aimed to identify without any a priori the metabolites regulated by TNAP in the nervous tissue. For this purpose we used 1 H- and 31 P NMR to analyze the brain metabolome of Alpl (Akp2) mice null for TNAP function, a well-described model of infantile HPP. Among 39 metabolites identified in brain extracts of 1-week-old animals, eight displayed significantly different concentration in Akp2-/- compared to Akp2+/+ and Akp2+/- mice: cystathionine, adenosine, GABA, methionine, histidine, 3-methylhistidine, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate, with cystathionine and adenosine levels displaying the strongest alteration. These metabolites identify several biochemical processes that directly or indirectly involve TNAP function, in particular through the regulation of ecto-nucleotide levels and of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. Some of these metabolites are involved in neurotransmission (GABA, adenosine), in myelin synthesis (NAA, NAAG), and in the methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway (cystathionine, methionine). Their disturbances may contribute to the neurodevelopmental and neurological phenotype of HPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cruz
- Groupe de RMN Biomédicale, Laboratoire SPCMIB (CNRS UMR 5068), Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Marie Gleizes
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Université de Toulouse UPS; CNRS UMR 5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Balayssac
- Groupe de RMN Biomédicale, Laboratoire SPCMIB (CNRS UMR 5068), Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Mornet
- Unité de Génétique Constitutionnelle Prénatale et Postnatale, Service de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Grégory Marsal
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Université de Toulouse UPS; CNRS UMR 5549, Toulouse, France
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Myriam Malet-Martino
- Groupe de RMN Biomédicale, Laboratoire SPCMIB (CNRS UMR 5068), Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Lionel G Nowak
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Université de Toulouse UPS; CNRS UMR 5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Gilard
- Groupe de RMN Biomédicale, Laboratoire SPCMIB (CNRS UMR 5068), Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Fonta
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Université de Toulouse UPS; CNRS UMR 5549, Toulouse, France
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Zhang ZH, Wen L, Wu QY, Chen C, Zheng R, Liu Q, Ni JZ, Song GL. Long-Term Dietary Supplementation with Selenium-Enriched Yeast Improves Cognitive Impairment, Reverses Synaptic Deficits, and Mitigates Tau Pathology in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4970-4979. [PMID: 28578584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by multiple histopathological changes in the brain and by impairments in memory and cognitive function. Currently, there is no effective treatment that can halt or reverse the progression of this disease. Here, we explored the effects of 3 months of treatment with selenium-enriched yeast (Se-yeast), which is commonly used as a source of organic selenium (Se) for nutrition, on cognitive dysfunction and neuropathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD mice). As the results revealed that Se-yeast significantly improved the spatial learning and memory retention of 3×Tg-AD mice, promoted neuronal activity, attenuated the activation of astrocytes and microglia, mitigated synaptic deficits, and reduced the levels of total tau and phosphorylated tau though inhibiting the activity of GSK-3β, dietary supplementation with Se-yeast exerted multiple beneficial effects on the prevention or treatment of AD. These findings provide evidence of a potentially viable compound for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jia-Zuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guo-Li Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Xia H, Wu L, Chu M, Feng H, Lu C, Wang Q, He M, Ge X. Effects of breviscapine on amyloid beta 1-42 induced Alzheimer's disease mice: A HPLC-QTOF-MS based plasma metabonomics study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1057:92-100. [PMID: 28511119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herba Erigerontis has long been used to cure apoplexy hemiplegia and precordial pain in China. In addition, the bioactivities of its total flavonoids-breviscapine included inhibiting amyloid beta (Aβ) fibril formation, antioxidation and metal chelating, which are beneficial to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, A HPLC-QTOF-MS based plasma metabonomics approach was applied to investigate the neuroprotective effects of breviscapine on intracerebroventricular injection of aggregated Aβ 1-42 induced AD mice for the first time in the study. Ten potential biomarkers were screened out by multivariate statistical analysis, eight of which were further identified as indoleacrylic acid, C16 sphinganine, LPE (22:6), sulfolithocholic acid, LPC (16:0), PA (22:1/0:0), taurodeoxycholic acid, and PC (0:0/18:0). According to their metabolic pathways, it was supposed that breviscapine ameliorated the learning and memory deficits of AD mice predominantly by regulating phospholipids metabolism, elevating serotonin level and lowering cholesterols content in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Xia
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingling Wu
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Chu
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Feng
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunliang Lu
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghe Wang
- Bruker Corporation, 418 Guiping Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghai He
- Bruker Corporation, 418 Guiping Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqun Ge
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Liu L, Li M, Yao E, Hao J, Dong Y, Zheng X, Liu X. Expression of human Tau40 in the medial entorhinal cortex impairs synaptic plasticity and associated cognitive functions in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 496:1006-1012. [PMID: 28472625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Entorhinal cortex (EC) is the initial brain region that suffers abnormal tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether overexpression of human tau (htau40) in EC disrupts cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in AD has not been fully elucidated. To investigate the effects of htau40 on the pathology and associated mechanisms of early stage of AD in mice, an adeno-associated virus-based htau40 transduced in medial EC (mEC) mouse model was established. The results showed that htau40 restrictedly expressed in mEC after transduction. The memory function and long-term potentiation (LTP) of dentate gyrus (DG) were significantly impaired by overexpression of htau40 in mEC after transduction at 3 and 6 months. However, the abnormities of neurons and neurotransmitters in mEC started at just 1 month after transduction. The resting membrane potential was increased and paired pulse facilitates was depressed, but the action potential amplitude, threshold, and half width did not alter after htau40 transduction at 1 month. The levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters were up regulated whereas level of lactate was decreased. Our study demonstrated that htau40 in mEC impaired cognition and synaptic plasticity of perforant path (PP)-DG, which simulated early stage of AD and elucidated the mechanism of that htau40 overexpression in mEC may be associated with the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Mengzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ensheng Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Jiahuan Hao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yuanji Dong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Department of Traumatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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He J, Zhu Y, Aa J, Smith PF, De Ridder D, Wang G, Zheng Y. Brain Metabolic Changes in Rats following Acoustic Trauma. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:148. [PMID: 28392756 PMCID: PMC5364180 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic trauma is the most common cause of hearing loss and tinnitus in humans. However, the impact of acoustic trauma on system biology is not fully understood. It has been increasingly recognized that tinnitus caused by acoustic trauma is unlikely to be generated by a single pathological source, but rather a complex network of changes involving not only the auditory system but also systems related to memory, emotion and stress. One obvious and significant gap in tinnitus research is a lack of biomarkers that reflect the consequences of this interactive "tinnitus-causing" network. In this study, we made the first attempt to analyse brain metabolic changes in rats following acoustic trauma using metabolomics, as a pilot study prior to directly linking metabolic changes to tinnitus. Metabolites in 12 different brain regions collected from either sham or acoustic trauma animals were profiled using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomics platform. After deconvolution of mass spectra and identification of the molecules, the metabolomic data were processed using multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis showed that metabolic patterns varied among different brain regions; however, brain regions with similar functions had a similar metabolite composition. Acoustic trauma did not change the metabolite clusters in these regions. When analyzed within each brain region using the orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis sub-model, 17 molecules showed distinct separation between control and acoustic trauma groups in the auditory cortex, inferior colliculus, superior colliculus, vestibular nucleus complex (VNC), and cerebellum. Further metabolic pathway impact analysis and the enrichment overview with network analysis suggested the primary involvement of amino acid metabolism, including the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathways, the arginine and proline metabolic pathways and the purine metabolic pathway. Our results provide the first metabolomics evidence that acoustic trauma can induce changes in multiple metabolic pathways. This pilot study also suggests that the metabolomic approach has the potential to identify acoustic trauma-specific metabolic shifts in future studies where metabolic changes are correlated with the animal's tinnitus status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yejin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Paul F Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand; Brain Research New ZealandDunedin, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand; Brain Research New ZealandDunedin, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand; Department of Neurosurgery, Dunedin Medical School, University of OtagoOtago, New Zealand
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand; Brain Research New ZealandDunedin, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
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Snowden SG, Ebshiana AA, Hye A, An Y, Pletnikova O, O’Brien R, Troncoso J, Legido-Quigley C, Thambisetty M. Association between fatty acid metabolism in the brain and Alzheimer disease neuropathology and cognitive performance: A nontargeted metabolomic study. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002266. [PMID: 28323825 PMCID: PMC5360226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic basis of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology and expression of AD symptoms is poorly understood. Omega-3 and -6 fatty acids have previously been linked to both protective and pathogenic effects in AD. However, to date little is known about how the abundance of these species is affected by differing levels of disease pathology in the brain. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed metabolic profiling on brain tissue samples from 43 individuals ranging in age from 57 to 95 y old who were stratified into three groups: AD (N = 14), controls (N = 14) and "asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease" (ASYMAD), i.e., individuals with significant AD neuropathology at death but without evidence for cognitive impairment during life (N = 15) from the autopsy sample of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). We measured 4,897 metabolite features in regions both vulnerable in the middle frontal and inferior temporal gyri (MFG and ITG) and resistant (cerebellum) to classical AD pathology. The levels of six unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in whole brain were compared in controls versus AD, and the differences were as follows: linoleic acid (p = 8.8 x 10-8, FC = 0.52, q = 1.03 x 10-6), linolenic acid (p = 2.5 x 10-4, FC = 0.84, q = 4.03 x 10-4), docosahexaenoic acid (p = 1.7 x 10-7, FC = 1.45, q = 1.24 x 10-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (p = 4.4 x 10-4, FC = 0.16, q = 6.48 x 10-4), oleic acid (p = 3.3 x 10-7, FC = 0.34, q = 1.46 x 10-6), and arachidonic acid (p = 2.98 x 10-5, FC = 0.75, q = 7.95 x 10-5). These fatty acids were strongly associated with AD when comparing the groups in the MFG and ITG, respectively: linoleic acid (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006), linolenic acid (p < 0.0001, p = 0.002), docosahexaenoic acid (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0024), eicosapentaenoic acid (p = 0.0002, p = 0.0008), oleic acid (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0003), and arachidonic acid (p = 0.0001, p = 0.001). Significant associations were also observed between the abundance of these UFAs with neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary tangle burden as well as domain-specific cognitive performance assessed during life. Based on the regional pattern of differences in brain tissue levels of these metabolites, we propose that alterations in UFA metabolism represent both global metabolic perturbations in AD as well as those related to specific features of AD pathology. Within the middle frontal gyrus, decrements in linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid (control>ASYMAD>AD) and increases in docosahexanoic acid (AD>ASYMAD>control) may represent regionally specific threshold levels of these metabolites beyond which the accumulation of AD pathology triggers the expression of clinical symptoms. The main limitation of this study is the relatively small sample size. There are few cohorts with extensive longitudinal cognitive assessments during life and detailed neuropathological assessments at death, such as the BLSA. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that unsaturated fatty acid metabolism is significantly dysregulated in the brains of patients with varying degrees of Alzheimer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G. Snowden
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amera A. Ebshiana
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Hye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard O’Brien
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John Troncoso
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Du Y, Zheng H, Xia H, Zhao L, Hu W, Bai G, Yan Z, Gao H. Early Effect of Amyloid β-Peptide on Hippocampal and Serum Metabolism in Rats Studied by an Integrated Method of NMR-Based Metabolomics and ANOVA-Simultaneous Component Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3262495. [PMID: 28243597 PMCID: PMC5294748 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3262495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) deposition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the early effect of Aβ deposition on metabolism remains unclear. In the present study, thus, we explored the metabolic changes in the hippocampus and serum during first 2 weeks of Aβ25-35 injection in rats by using an integrated method of NMR-based metabolomics and ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Our results show that Aβ25-35 injection, time, and their interaction had statistically significant effects on the hippocampus and serum metabolome. Furthermore, we identified key metabolites that mainly contributed to these effects. After Aβ25-35 injection from 1 to 2 weeks, the levels of lactate, N-acetylaspartate, creatine, and taurine were decreased in rat hippocampus, while an increase in lactate and decreases in LDL/VLDL and glucose were observed in rat serum. Therefore, we suggest that the reduction in energy and lipid metabolism as well as an increase in anaerobic glycolysis may occur at the early stage of Aβ25-35 deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huanhuan Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenyi Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guanghui Bai
- Radiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhihan Yan
- Radiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Gonzalez-Riano C, Garcia A, Barbas C. Metabolomics studies in brain tissue: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:141-168. [PMID: 27451335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain is still an organ with a composition to be discovered but beyond that, mental disorders and especially all diseases that curse with dementia are devastating for the patient, the family and the society. Metabolomics can offer an alternative tool for unveiling new insights in the discovery of new treatments and biomarkers of mental disorders. Until now, most of metabolomic studies have been based on biofluids: serum/plasma or urine, because brain tissue accessibility is limited to animal models or post mortem studies, but even so it is crucial for understanding the pathological processes. Metabolomics studies of brain tissue imply several challenges due to sample extraction, along with brain heterogeneity, sample storage, and sample treatment for a wide coverage of metabolites with a wide range of concentrations of many lipophilic and some polar compounds. In this review, the current analytical practices for target and non-targeted metabolomics are described and discussed with emphasis on critical aspects: sample treatment (quenching, homogenization, filtration, centrifugation and extraction), analytical methods, as well as findings considering the used strategies. Besides that, the altered analytes in the different brain regions have been associated with their corresponding pathways to obtain a global overview of their dysregulation, trying to establish the link between altered biological pathways and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Garcia
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain
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Wu J, Fu B, Lei H, Tang H, Wang Y. Gender differences of peripheral plasma and liver metabolic profiling in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice. Neuroscience 2016; 332:160-9. [PMID: 27393253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. Currently, there is less knowledge of the involvement of the peripheral biofluid/organ in AD, compared with the central nervous system. In addition, with reported high morbidity in women in particular, it has become very important to explore whether gender difference in the peripheral metabolome is associated with AD. Here, we investigated metabolic responses of both plasma and liver tissues using an APP/PS1 double mutant transgenic mouse model with NMR spectroscopy, as well as analysis from serum biochemistry and histological staining. Fatty acid composition from plasma and liver extracts was analyzed using GC-FID/MS. We found clear gender differences in AD transgenic mice when compared with their wild-type counterparts. Female AD mice displayed more intensive responses, which were highlighted by higher levels of lipids, 3-hydroxybutyrate and nucleotide-related metabolites, together with lower levels of glucose. These observations indicate that AD induces oxidative stress and impairs cellular energy metabolism in peripheral organs. Disturbances in AD male mice were milder with depletion of monounsaturated fatty acids. We also observed a higher activity of delta-6-desaturate and suppressed activity of delta-5-desaturate in female mice, whereas inhibited stearoyl-CoA-desaturase in male mice suggested that AD induced by the double mutant genes results in different fatty acids catabolism depending on gender. Our results provide metabolic clues into the peripheral biofluid/organs involved in AD, and we propose that a gender-specific scheme for AD treatment in men and women may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yulan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Vasilopoulou CG, Margarity M, Klapa MI. Metabolomic Analysis in Brain Research: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Physiol 2016; 7:183. [PMID: 27252656 PMCID: PMC4878281 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism being a fundamental part of molecular physiology, elucidating the structure and regulation of metabolic pathways is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive perspective of cellular function and understanding the underlying mechanisms of its dysfunction(s). Therefore, quantifying an accurate metabolic network activity map under various physiological conditions is among the major objectives of systems biology in the context of many biological applications. Especially for CNS, metabolic network activity analysis can substantially enhance our knowledge about the complex structure of the mammalian brain and the mechanisms of neurological disorders, leading to the design of effective therapeutic treatments. Metabolomics has emerged as the high-throughput quantitative analysis of the concentration profile of small molecular weight metabolites, which act as reactants and products in metabolic reactions and as regulatory molecules of proteins participating in many biological processes. Thus, the metabolic profile provides a metabolic activity fingerprint, through the simultaneous analysis of tens to hundreds of molecules of pathophysiological and pharmacological interest. The application of metabolomics is at its standardization phase in general, and the challenges for paving a standardized procedure are even more pronounced in brain studies. In this review, we support the value of metabolomics in brain research. Moreover, we demonstrate the challenges of designing and setting up a reliable brain metabolomic study, which, among other parameters, has to take into consideration the sex differentiation and the complexity of brain physiology manifested in its regional variation. We finally propose ways to overcome these challenges and design a study that produces reproducible and consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Vasilopoulou
- Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT)Patras, Greece; Human and Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of PatrasPatras, Greece
| | - Marigoula Margarity
- Human and Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Patras Patras, Greece
| | - Maria I Klapa
- Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT)Patras, Greece; Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
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González-Domínguez R, García-Barrera T, Vitorica J, Gómez-Ariza JL. Metabolomic investigation of systemic manifestations associated with Alzheimer's disease in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:2429-40. [PMID: 26131452 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that Alzheimer's disease may be a widespread systemic disorder, so peripheral organs could be affected by pathological mechanisms occurring in this neurodegenerative disease. For this reason, a double metabolomic platform based on the combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the first time to investigate metabolic changes in liver and kidney from the transgenic mice APP/PS1 against wild-type controls. Multivariate statistics showed significant differences in levels of numerous metabolites including phospholipids, sphingolipids, acylcarnitines, steroids, amino acids and other compounds, which denotes that multiple pathways might be associated with systemic pathogenesis of Alzheimer's in this mouse model, such as bioenergetic failures, oxidative stress, altered metabolism of membrane lipids, hyperammonemia or impaired homeostasis of steroids. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that some novel pathological mechanisms were found, such as impaired gluconeogenesis, polyol pathway or metabolism of branched chain amino acids, not previously described for Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, these findings clearly support the hypothesis that Alzheimer's disease may be considered as a systemic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl González-Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and CC.MM, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
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Ott S, Vishnivetskaya A, Malmendal A, Crowther DC. Metabolic changes may precede proteostatic dysfunction in a Drosophila model of amyloid beta peptide toxicity. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 41:39-52. [PMID: 27103517 PMCID: PMC4869574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide aggregation is linked to the initiation of Alzheimer's disease; accordingly, aggregation-prone isoforms of Aβ, expressed in the brain, shorten the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. However, the lethal effects of Aβ are not apparent until after day 15. We used shibireTS flies that exhibit a temperature-sensitive paralysis phenotype as a reporter of proteostatic robustness. In this model, we found that increasing age but not Aβ expression lowered the flies' permissive temperature, suggesting that Aβ did not exert its lethal effects by proteostatic disruption. Instead, we observed that chemical challenges, in particular oxidative stressors, discriminated clearly between young (robust) and old (sensitive) flies. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis, we compared water-soluble metabolite profiles at various ages in flies expressing Aβ in their brains. We observed 2 genotype-linked metabolomic signals, the first reported the presence of any Aβ isoform and the second the effects of the lethal Arctic Aβ. Lethality was specifically associated with signs of oxidative respiration dysfunction and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Ott
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anders Malmendal
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Damian C Crowther
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Neuroscience IMED, MedImmune Limited, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK.
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