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Li S, Liu Y, Lu S, Xu J, Liu X, Yang D, Yang Y, Hou L, Li N. A crazy trio in Parkinson's disease: metabolism alteration, α-synuclein aggregation, and oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04985-3. [PMID: 38625515 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an aging-associated neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein within these neurons. Oligomeric α-synuclein exerts neurotoxic effects through mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell inflammatory response, lysosomal dysfunction and so on. α-synuclein aggregation, often accompanied by oxidative stress, is generally considered to be a key factor in PD pathology. At present, emerging evidences suggest that metabolism alteration is closely associated with α-synuclein aggregation and PD progression, and improvement of key molecules in metabolism might be potentially beneficial in PD treatment. In this review, we highlight the tripartite relationship among metabolic changes, α-synuclein aggregation, and oxidative stress in PD, and offer updated insights into the treatments of PD, aiming to deepen our understanding of PD pathogenesis and explore new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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2
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Gątarek P, Kałużna-Czaplińska J. Integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis of plasma lipid metabolism in Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:13-25. [PMID: 38346207 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2315193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics and proteomics are two growing fields of science which may shed light on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Studies focusing on these aspects can reveal specific metabolites and proteins that can halt or reverse the progressive neurodegenerative process leading to dopaminergic cell death in the brain. AREAS COVERED In this article, an overview of the current status of metabolomic and proteomic profiling in the neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD) is presented. We discuss the importance of state-of-the-art metabolomics and proteomics using advanced analytical methodologies and their potential for discovering new biomarkers in PD. We critically review the research to date, highlighting how metabolomics and proteomics can have an important impact on early disease diagnosis, future therapy development and the identification of new biomarkers. Finally, we will discuss interactions between lipids and α-synuclein (SNCA) and also consider the role of SNCA in lipid metabolism. EXPERT OPINION Metabolomic and proteomic studies contribute to understanding the biological basis of PD pathogenesis, identifying potential biomarkers and introducing new therapeutic strategies. The complexity and multifactorial nature of this disease requires a comprehensive approach, which can be achieved by integrating just these two omic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gątarek
- Institute Of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- CONEM Poland Chemistry and Nutrition Research Group, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska
- Institute Of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- CONEM Poland Chemistry and Nutrition Research Group, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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3
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Sanyal A, Scanavachi G, Somerville E, Saminathan A, Nair A, Oikonomou A, Hatzakis NS, Kirchhausen T. Constitutive Endolysosomal Perforation in Neurons allows Induction of α-Synuclein Aggregation by Internalized Pre-Formed Fibrils. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.30.573738. [PMID: 38260258 PMCID: PMC10802249 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.30.573738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The endocytic pathway is both an essential route of molecular uptake in cells and a potential entry point for pathology-inducing cargo. The cell-to-cell spread of cytotoxic aggregates, such as those of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Parkinson's Disease (PD), exemplifies this duality. Here we used a human iPSC-derived induced neuronal model (iNs) prone to death mediated by aggregation in late endosomes and lysosomes of endogenous α-syn, seeded by internalized pre-formed fibrils of α-syn (PFFs). This PFF-mediated death was not observed with parental iPSCs or other non-neuronal cells. Using live-cell optical microscopy to visualize the read out of biosensors reporting endo-lysosome wounding, we discovered that up to about 10% of late endosomes and lysosomes in iNs exhibited spontaneous constitutive perforations, regardless of the presence of internalized PFFs. This wounding, absent in parental iPSCs and non-neuronal cells, corresponded to partial damage by nanopores in the limiting membranes of a subset of endolysosomes directly observed by volumetric focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) in iNs and in CA1 pyramidal neurons from mouse brain, and not found in iPSCs or in other non-neuronal cells in culture or in mouse liver and skin. We suggest that the compromised limiting membranes in iNs and neurons in general are the primary conduit for cytosolic α-syn to access PFFs entrapped within endo-lysosomal lumens, initiating PFF-mediated α-syn aggregation. Significantly, eradicating the intrinsic endolysosomal perforations in iNs by inhibiting the endosomal Phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphate/Phosphatidylinositol 5-Kinase (PIKfyve kinase) using Apilimod or Vacuolin-1 markedly reduced PFF-induced α-syn aggregation, despite PFFs continuing to enter the endolysosomal compartment. Crucially, this intervention also diminished iN death associated with PFF incubation. Our results reveal the surprising presence of intrinsically perforated endo-lysosomes in neurons, underscoring their crucial early involvement in the genesis of toxic α-syn aggregates induced by internalized PFFs. This discovery offers a basis for employing PIKfyve kinase inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Sanyal
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gustavo Scanavachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elliott Somerville
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anand Saminathan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Athul Nair
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Nikos S. Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Horvath JD, Casas M, Kutchukian C, Sánchez SC, Pergande MR, Cologna SM, Simó S, Dixon RE, Dickson EJ. α-Synuclein-dependent increases in PIP5K1γ drive inositol signaling to promote neurotoxicity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113244. [PMID: 37838947 PMCID: PMC11010634 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anomalous aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) is a pathological hallmark of many degenerative synucleinopathies including Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite its strong link to disease, the precise molecular mechanisms that link α-Syn aggregation to neurodegeneration have yet to be elucidated. Here, we find that elevated α-Syn leads to an increase in the plasma membrane (PM) phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2, which precipitates α-Syn aggregation and drives toxic increases in mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species leading to neuronal death. Upstream of this toxic signaling pathway is PIP5K1γ, whose abundance and localization is enhanced at the PM by α-Syn-dependent increases in ARF6. Selective inhibition of PIP5K1γ or knockout of ARF6 in neurons rescues α-Syn aggregation and cellular phenotypes of toxicity. Collectively, our data suggest that modulation of phosphoinositide metabolism may be a therapeutic target to slow neurodegeneration for PD and other related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Horvath
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maria Casas
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Candice Kutchukian
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sara Creus Sánchez
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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5
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Choong CJ, Aguirre C, Kakuda K, Beck G, Nakanishi H, Kimura Y, Shimma S, Nabekura K, Hideshima M, Doi J, Yamaguchi K, Nakajima K, Wadayama T, Hayakawa H, Baba K, Ogawa K, Takeuchi T, Badawy SMM, Murayama S, Nagano S, Goto Y, Miyanoiri Y, Nagai Y, Mochizuki H, Ikenaka K. Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate interacts with alpha-synuclein and initiates its aggregation and formation of Parkinson's disease-related fibril polymorphism. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:573-595. [PMID: 36939875 PMCID: PMC10119223 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid interaction with α-synuclein (αSyn) has been long implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it has not been fully determined which lipids are involved in the initiation of αSyn aggregation in PD. Here exploiting genetic understanding associating the loss-of-function mutation in Synaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1), a phosphoinositide phosphatase, with familial PD and analysis of postmortem PD brains, we identified a novel lipid molecule involved in the toxic conversion of αSyn and its relation to PD. We first established a SYNJ1 knockout cell model and found SYNJ1 depletion increases the accumulation of pathological αSyn. Lipidomic analysis revealed SYNJ1 depletion elevates the level of its substrate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). We then employed Caenorhabditis elegans model to examine the effect of SYNJ1 defect on the neurotoxicity of αSyn. Mutations in SYNJ1 accelerated the accumulation of αSyn aggregation and induced locomotory defects in the nematodes. These results indicate that functional loss of SYNJ1 promotes the pathological aggregation of αSyn via the dysregulation of its substrate PIP3, leading to the aggravation of αSyn-mediated neurodegeneration. Treatment of cultured cell line and primary neurons with PIP3 itself or with PIP3 phosphatase inhibitor resulted in intracellular formation of αSyn inclusions. Indeed, in vitro protein-lipid overlay assay validated that phosphoinositides, especially PIP3, strongly interact with αSyn. Furthermore, the aggregation assay revealed that PIP3 not only accelerates the fibrillation of αSyn, but also induces the formation of fibrils sharing conformational and biochemical characteristics similar to the fibrils amplified from the brains of PD patients. Notably, the immunohistochemical and lipidomic analyses on postmortem brain of patients with sporadic PD showed increased PIP3 level and its colocalization with αSyn. Taken together, PIP3 dysregulation promotes the pathological aggregation of αSyn and increases the risk of developing PD, and PIP3 represents a potent target for intervention in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jing Choong
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - César Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keita Kakuda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Goichi Beck
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Nabekura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Hideshima
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junko Doi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kichitaro Nakajima
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Wadayama
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayakawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shaymaa Mohamed Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nagano
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Goto
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyanoiri
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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a-Synuclein and lipids in erythrocytes of Gaucher disease carriers and patients before and after enzyme replacement therapy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277602. [PMID: 36735655 PMCID: PMC9897572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that patients with Gaucher disease, as well as carriers of the disease have an increased risk for developing Parkinson's disease. A plethora of evidence suggests that disturbed α-Synuclein homeostasis is the link between Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease. The pathogenic mechanism linking these entities is still a topic of debate and both gain- and loss-of-function theories have been put forward, which however are not mutually exclusive. In the present study we expanded our previous studies to include not only Gaucher disease patients but also Gaucher disease carriers and Gaucher disease patients following Enzyme Replacement Therapy. In these groups we investigated α-Synuclein in red blood cell membranes in association with lipid abnormalities described in Gaucher disease. These included glucosylceramide and its species, glucosylsphingosine, glucosylcholesterol and plasmalogens. Increased oligomerization of α-Synuclein in red blood cell membranes was observed not only in Gaucher disease patients but also in carriers of the disease. There were no qualitative differences in the lipids identified in the groups studied. However, significant quantitative differences compared to controls were observed in Gaucher disease patients but not in Gaucher disease carriers. Enzyme Replacement Therapy reversed the biochemical defects and normalized α-Synuclein homeostasis, providing for the first time evidence in human subjects that such homeostatic dysregulation is reversible. Further studies investigating α-Synuclein status during the differentiation of erythroid progenitors could provide new data on the pathogenic mechanism of α-Synuclein oligomerization in this system.
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Kim J, Daadi EW, Oh T, Daadi ES, Daadi MM. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Phenotyping and Preclinical Modeling of Familial Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1937. [PMID: 36360174 PMCID: PMC9689743 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily idiopathic and a highly heterogenous neurodegenerative disease with patients experiencing a wide array of motor and non-motor symptoms. A major challenge for understanding susceptibility to PD is to determine the genetic and environmental factors that influence the mechanisms underlying the variations in disease-associated traits. The pathological hallmark of PD is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain and post-mortem Lewy pathology, which leads to the loss of projecting axons innervating the striatum and to impaired motor and cognitive functions. While the cause of PD is still largely unknown, genome-wide association studies provide evidence that numerous polymorphic variants in various genes contribute to sporadic PD, and 10 to 15% of all cases are linked to some form of hereditary mutations, either autosomal dominant or recessive. Among the most common mutations observed in PD patients are in the genes LRRK2, SNCA, GBA1, PINK1, PRKN, and PARK7/DJ-1. In this review, we cover these PD-related mutations, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells as a disease in a dish model, and genetic animal models to better understand the diversity in the pathogenesis and long-term outcomes seen in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Kim
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Etienne W. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Thomas Oh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Elyas S. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Marcel M. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Radiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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8
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Li J, Luo H, Zheng H, Duan S, Zhao T, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Yang J, Xu Y. Clinical application of prion-like seeding in α-synucleinopathies: Early and non-invasive diagnosis and therapeutic development. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:975619. [PMID: 36299857 PMCID: PMC9588983 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.975619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation and deposition of misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates in the brain is the central event in the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple-system atrophy. Currently, the diagnosis of these diseases mainly relies on the recognition of advanced clinical manifestations. Differential diagnosis among the various α-synucleinopathies subtypes remains challenging. Misfolded α-Syn can template its native counterpart into the same misfolded one within or between cells, behaving as a prion-like seeding. Protein-misfolding cyclic amplification and real-time quaking-induced conversion are ultrasensitive protein amplification assays initially used for the detection of prion diseases. Both assays showed high sensitivity and specificity in detection of α-synucleinopathies even in the pre-clinical stage recently. Herein, we collectively reviewed the prion-like properties of α-Syn and critically assessed the detection techniques of α-Syn-seeding activity. The progress of test tissues, which tend to be less invasive, is presented, particularly nasal swab, which is now widely known owing to the global fight against coronavirus disease 2019. We highlight the clinical application of α-Syn seeding in early and non-invasive diagnosis. Moreover, some promising therapeutic perspectives and clinical trials targeting α-Syn-seeding mechanisms are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Honglin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suying Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Taiqi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanpeng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang,
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Yuming Xu,
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9
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Mori F, Nakamura Y, Miki Y, Tanji K, Kon T, Tomiyama M, Kakita A, Wakabayashi K. Alteration of Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein-Binding Protein B in α-Synuclein Aggregates in Lewy Body Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:807-815. [PMID: 35950959 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) binds to vesicle-associated membrane protein-binding protein B (VAPB) in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Recent studies have shown that α-Syn-immunoreactive Lewy pathology is characterized by membrane crowding, including vesicular structures. To elucidate the role of VAPB and vesicular structures in Parkinson's disease (PD) and in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the relationships among VAPB, vesicular structures, and Lewy pathology were investigated by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy in 8 PD and 4 DLB autopsy cases. The proportions of VAPB-negative neurons in the substantia nigra in PD and in the temporal cortex in DLB were significantly higher than those in 5 controls. In PD, the incidence of α-Syn inclusions in VAPB-negative neurons was significantly higher (77.4%) than in VAPB-positive neurons (1.6%) in the substantia nigra. In DLB, the incidence of α-Syn inclusions in VAPB-negative neurons was also significantly higher (65.3%) than in VAPB-positive neurons (2.8%) in the temporal cortex. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that α-Syn and VAPB were localized to filamentous structures of Lewy bodies (LBs). However, only a few vesicular structures labeled with anti-α-Syn were observed within LBs. These findings suggest that reduction of VAPB is involved in the disease processes of PD and DLB, although vesicular structures may not directly contribute to the formation of LBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yukino Nakamura
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kon
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan (AK)
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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10
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Amin R, Quispe C, Docea AO, Alibek Y, Kulbayeva M, Durna Daştan S, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. The role of Tumour Necrosis Factor in neuroinflammation associated with Parkinson's disease and targeted therapies. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105376. [PMID: 35667491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with neuroinflammatory responses that lead to the neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic neurons. These neuroinflammatory mechanisms involve various cytokines produced by the activated glial cells. Tumour Necrosis factor α (TNF α) is one of the major mediators of the neuroinflammation associated with neurodegeneration. TNF α has a dual role of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity in the brain. The effective pathways of TNF involve various signalling pathways transduced by the receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2. Effective therapeutic strategies have been produced targeting the neurotoxic behaviour of the Tumour Necrosis Factor and the associated neurodegeneration which includes the use of Dominant Negative Tumour Necrosis Factor (DN-TNF) inhibitors like XENP 345 and XPro®1595 and peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhul Amin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique, 1110939, Chile.
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ydyrys Alibek
- Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi av. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Marzhan Kulbayeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi av. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey; Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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11
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The Association of Lipids with Amyloid Fibrils. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102108. [PMID: 35688209 PMCID: PMC9293637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation continues to be a widely studied area because of its association with numerous diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Despite a large body of work on protein aggregation and fibril formation, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the factors that differentiate toxic amyloid formation in vivo from alternative misfolding pathways. In addition to proteins, amyloid fibrils are often associated in their cellular context with several types of molecule, including carbohydrates, polyanions, and lipids. This review focuses in particular on evidence for the presence of lipids in amyloid fibrils and the routes by which those lipids may become incorporated. Chemical analyses of fibril composition, combined with studies to probe the lipid distribution around fibrils, provide evidence that in some cases, lipids have a strong association with fibrils. In addition, amyloid fibrils formed in the presence of lipids have distinct morphologies and material properties. It is argued that lipids are an integral part of many amyloid deposits in vivo, where their presence has the potential to influence the nucleation, morphology, and mechanical properties of fibrils. The role of lipids in these structures is therefore worthy of further study.
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12
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Miller SJ, Campbell CE, Jimenez-Corea HA, Wu GH, Logan R. Neuroglial Senescence, α-Synucleinopathy, and the Therapeutic Potential of Senolytics in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:824191. [PMID: 35516803 PMCID: PMC9063319 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.824191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder and the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. Despite decades of research, there is still no cure for PD and the complicated intricacies of the pathology are still being worked out. Much of the research on PD has focused on neurons, since the disease is characterized by neurodegeneration. However, neuroglia has become recognized as key players in the health and disease of the central nervous system. This review provides a current perspective on the interactive roles that α-synuclein and neuroglial senescence have in PD. The self-amplifying and cyclical nature of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, α-synucleinopathy, neuroglial senescence, neuroglial chronic activation and neurodegeneration will be discussed. Finally, the compelling role that senolytics could play as a therapeutic avenue for PD is explored and encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Miller
- Pluripotent Diagnostics Corp. (PDx), Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Guan-Hui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Robert Logan
- Pluripotent Diagnostics Corp. (PDx), Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert Logan,
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13
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Koga S, Sekiya H, Kondru N, Ross OA, Dickson DW. Neuropathology and molecular diagnosis of Synucleinopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:83. [PMID: 34922583 PMCID: PMC8684287 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disorders characterized by pathologic aggregates of α-synuclein in neurons and glia, in the form of Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites, neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, and glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Synucleinopathies can be divided into two major disease entities: Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Common clinical presentations of Lewy body disease are Parkinson's disease (PD), PD with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), while MSA has two major clinical subtypes, MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia and MSA with predominant parkinsonism. There are currently no disease-modifying therapies for the synucleinopathies, but information obtained from molecular genetics and models that explore mechanisms of α-synuclein conversion to pathologic oligomers and insoluble fibrils offer hope for eventual therapies. It remains unclear how α-synuclein can be associated with distinct cellular pathologies (e.g., Lewy bodies and glial cytoplasmic inclusions) and what factors determine neuroanatomical and cell type vulnerability. Accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments suggests that α-synuclein species derived from Lewy body disease and MSA are distinct "strains" having different seeding properties. Recent advancements in in vitro seeding assays, such as real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), not only demonstrate distinct seeding activity in the synucleinopathies, but also offer exciting opportunities for molecular diagnosis using readily accessible peripheral tissue samples. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural studies of α-synuclein derived from recombinant or brain-derived filaments provide new insight into mechanisms of seeding in synucleinopathies. In this review, we describe clinical, genetic and neuropathologic features of synucleinopathies, including a discussion of the evolution of classification and staging of Lewy body disease. We also provide a brief discussion on proposed mechanisms of Lewy body formation, as well as evidence supporting the existence of distinct α-synuclein strains in Lewy body disease and MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, FL 32224 Jacksonville, USA
| | - Hiroaki Sekiya
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, FL 32224 Jacksonville, USA
| | - Naveen Kondru
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, FL 32224 Jacksonville, USA
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, FL 32224 Jacksonville, USA
| | - Dennis W. Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, FL 32224 Jacksonville, USA
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14
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Guzzo A, Delarue P, Rojas A, Nicolaï A, Maisuradze GG, Senet P. Missense Mutations Modify the Conformational Ensemble of the α-Synuclein Monomer Which Exhibits a Two-Phase Characteristic. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:786123. [PMID: 34912851 PMCID: PMC8667727 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.786123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein occurring in different conformations and prone to aggregate in β-sheet structures, which are the hallmark of the Parkinson disease. Missense mutations are associated with familial forms of this neuropathy. How these single amino-acid substitutions modify the conformations of wild-type α-synuclein is unclear. Here, using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we sampled the conformational space of the wild type and mutants (A30P, A53P, and E46K) of α-synuclein monomers for an effective time scale of 29.7 ms. To characterize the structures, we developed an algorithm, CUTABI (CUrvature and Torsion based of Alpha-helix and Beta-sheet Identification), to identify residues in the α-helix and β-sheet from Cα-coordinates. CUTABI was built from the results of the analysis of 14,652 selected protein structures using the Dictionary of Secondary Structure of Proteins (DSSP) algorithm. DSSP results are reproduced with 93% of success for 10 times lower computational cost. A two-dimensional probability density map of α-synuclein as a function of the number of residues in the α-helix and β-sheet is computed for wild-type and mutated proteins from molecular dynamics trajectories. The density of conformational states reveals a two-phase characteristic with a homogeneous phase (state B, β-sheets) and a heterogeneous phase (state HB, mixture of α-helices and β-sheets). The B state represents 40% of the conformations for the wild-type, A30P, and E46K and only 25% for A53T. The density of conformational states of the B state for A53T and A30P mutants differs from the wild-type one. In addition, the mutant A53T has a larger propensity to form helices than the others. These findings indicate that the equilibrium between the different conformations of the α-synuclein monomer is modified by the missense mutations in a subtle way. The α-helix and β-sheet contents are promising order parameters for intrinsically disordered proteins, whereas other structural properties such as average gyration radius, Rg, or probability distribution of Rg cannot discriminate significantly the conformational ensembles of the wild type and mutants. When separated in states B and HB, the distributions of Rg are more significantly different, indicating that global structural parameters alone are insufficient to characterize the conformational ensembles of the α-synuclein monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Guzzo
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Patrice Delarue
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Ana Rojas
- Schrödinger, Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Adrien Nicolaï
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gia G Maisuradze
- Baker Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Patrick Senet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Baker Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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15
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Peterschmitt MJ, Saiki H, Hatano T, Gasser T, Isaacson SH, Gaemers SJM, Minini P, Saubadu S, Sharma J, Walbillic S, Alcalay RN, Cutter G, Hattori N, Höglinger GU, Marek K, Schapira AHV, Scherzer CR, Simuni T, Giladi N, Sardi SP, Fischer TZ. Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Venglustat in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and a GBA Mutation: Results from Part 1 of the Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled MOVES-PD Trial. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 12:557-570. [PMID: 34897099 PMCID: PMC8925113 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) mutations influence risk and prognosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), possibly through accumulation of glycosphingolipids, including glucosylceramide (GL-1). Venglustat is a novel, brain penetrant glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. Objective: Evaluate venglustat pharmacology, safety, and tolerability in patients with PD and GBA mutations (GBA-PD). Methods: Part 1 of the phase 2 MOVES-PD trial (NCT02906020) was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study performed in six countries. Eligible participants included Japanese and non-Japanese patients aged 18–80 years with PD diagnosis and heterozygous GBA mutation. Participants were randomized to three doses of once-daily oral venglustat or placebo and were followed up to 36 weeks (Japanese participants: 52 weeks). Primary endpoint was venglustat safety and tolerability versus placebo. Secondary and exploratory endpoints included venglustat pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Results: Participants (N = 29) received venglustat (Japanese, n = 9; non-Japanese, n = 13) or placebo (n = 3; n = 4). Eight (89%) Japanese and 12 (92%) non-Japanese venglustat-treated participants experienced at least one adverse event (AE) versus two (67%) and four (100%) participants from the respective placebo groups. Most AEs were mild or moderate; no serious AEs or deaths occurred. Two venglustat-treated non-Japanese participants discontinued due to AEs (confusional state and panic attack). Over 4 weeks, venglustat exposure in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increased, and GL-1 levels in plasma and CSF decreased, both in a dose-dependent manner. At the highest dose, CSF GL-1 decreased by 72.0% in Japanese and 74.3% in non-Japanese participants. Conclusion: Venglustat showed favorable safety and tolerability in MOVES-PD Part 1 and target engagement was achieved in CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidemoto Saiki
- Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Thomas Gasser
- Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stuart H Isaacson
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary Cutter
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, and Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nir Giladi
- Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Surface M, Balwani M, Waters C, Haimovich A, Gan-Or Z, Marder KS, Hsieh T, Song L, Padmanabhan S, Hsieh F, Merchant KM, Alcalay RN. Plasma Glucosylsphingosine in GBA1 Mutation Carriers with and without Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 37:416-421. [PMID: 34741486 PMCID: PMC8840974 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biallelic mutations in the GBA1 gene encoding glucocerebrosidase cause Gaucher's disease, whereas heterozygous carriers are at risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). Glucosylsphingosine is a clinically meaningful biomarker of Gaucher's disease but could not be assayed previously in heterozygous GBA1 carriers. Objective The aim of this study was to assess plasma glucosylsphingosine levels in GBA1 N370S carriers with and without PD. Methods Glucosylsphingosine, glucosylceramide, and four other lipids were quantified in plasma from N370S heterozygotes with (n = 20) or without (n = 20) PD, healthy controls (n = 20), idiopathic PD (n = 20), and four N370S homozygotes (positive controls; Gaucher's/PD) using quantitative ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results Plasma glucosylsphingosine was significantly higher in N370S heterozygotes compared with noncarriers, independent of disease status. As expected, Gaucher's/PD cases showed increases in both glucocerebrosidase substrates, glucosylsphingosine and glucosylceramide. Conclusions Plasma glucosylsphingosine accumulation in N370S heterozygotes shown in this study opens up its future assessment as a clinically meaningful biomarker of GBA1‐PD. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Surface
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manisha Balwani
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cheryl Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Haimovich
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karen S Marder
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Shalini Padmanabhan
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Kalpana M Merchant
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Singh A, Maharana SK, Shukla R, Kesharwani P. Nanotherapeutics approaches for targeting alpha synuclien protein in the management of Parkinson disease. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Zhao J, Lu W, Ren Y, Fu Y, Martens YA, Shue F, Davis MD, Wang X, Chen K, Li F, Liu CC, Graff-Radford NR, Wszolek ZK, Younkin SG, Brafman DA, Ertekin-Taner N, Asmann YW, Dickson DW, Xu Z, Pan M, Han X, Kanekiyo T, Bu G. Apolipoprotein E regulates lipid metabolism and α-synuclein pathology in human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:807-825. [PMID: 34453582 PMCID: PMC8500881 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
APOE4 is a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies; however, how its expression impacts pathogenic pathways in a human-relevant system is not clear. Here using human iPSC-derived cerebral organoid models, we find that APOE deletion increases α-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation accompanied with synaptic loss, reduction of GBA levels, lipid droplet accumulation and dysregulation of intracellular organelles. These phenotypes are partially rescued by exogenous apoE2 and apoE3, but not apoE4. Lipidomics analysis detects the increased fatty acid utilization and cholesterol ester accumulation in apoE-deficient cerebral organoids. Furthermore, APOE4 cerebral organoids have increased αSyn accumulation compared to those with APOE3. Carrying APOE4 also increases apoE association with Lewy bodies in postmortem brains from patients with Lewy body disease. Our findings reveal the predominant role of apoE in lipid metabolism and αSyn pathology in iPSC-derived cerebral organoids, providing mechanistic insights into how APOE4 drives the risk for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Wenyan Lu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yingxue Ren
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yuka A Martens
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Francis Shue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Mary D Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Fuyao Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | | | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - David A Brafman
- School of Biological & Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ziying Xu
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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19
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El-Battari A, Rodriguez L, Chahinian H, Delézay O, Fantini J, Yahi N, Di Scala C. Gene Therapy Strategy for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases Aimed at Preventing the Formation of Neurotoxic Oligomers in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11550. [PMID: 34768981 PMCID: PMC8583875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present here a gene therapy approach aimed at preventing the formation of Ca2+-permeable amyloid pore oligomers that are considered as the most neurotoxic structures in both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Our study is based on the design of a small peptide inhibitor (AmyP53) that combines the ganglioside recognition properties of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ, Alzheimer) and α-synuclein (α-syn, Parkinson). As gangliosides mediate the initial binding step of these amyloid proteins to lipid rafts of the brain cell membranes, AmyP53 blocks, at the earliest step, the Ca2+ cascade that leads to neurodegeneration. Using a lentivirus vector, we genetically modified brain cells to express the therapeutic coding sequence of AmyP53 in a secreted form, rendering these cells totally resistant to oligomer formation by either Aβ or α-syn. This protection was specific, as control mCherry-transfected cells remained fully sensitive to these oligomers. AmyP53 was secreted at therapeutic concentrations in the supernatant of cultured cells, so that the therapy was effective for both transfected cells and their neighbors. This study is the first to demonstrate that a unique gene therapy approach aimed at preventing the formation of neurotoxic oligomers by targeting brain gangliosides may be considered for the treatment of two major neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assou El-Battari
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France; (A.E.-B.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (N.Y.)
| | - Léa Rodriguez
- CUO-Recherche, Département d’ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Henri Chahinian
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France; (A.E.-B.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (N.Y.)
| | - Olivier Delézay
- Faculté de Médecine, SAINBIOSE INSERM U1059, Campus Santé Innovations, 42270 St. Priest en Jarez, France;
| | - Jacques Fantini
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France; (A.E.-B.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (N.Y.)
| | - Nouara Yahi
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France; (A.E.-B.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (N.Y.)
| | - Coralie Di Scala
- Neuroscience Center—HiLIFE, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Sarchione A, Marchand A, Taymans JM, Chartier-Harlin MC. Alpha-Synuclein and Lipids: The Elephant in the Room? Cells 2021; 10:2452. [PMID: 34572099 PMCID: PMC8467310 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the initial identification of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) at the synapse, numerous studies demonstrated that α-syn is a key player in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Recent advances underline interactions between α-syn and lipids that also participate in α-syn misfolding and aggregation. In addition, increasing evidence demonstrates that α-syn plays a major role in different steps of synaptic exocytosis. Thus, we reviewed literature showing (1) the interplay among α-syn, lipids, and lipid membranes; (2) advances of α-syn synaptic functions in exocytosis. These data underscore a fundamental role of α-syn/lipid interplay that also contributes to synaptic defects in PD. The importance of lipids in PD is further highlighted by data showing the impact of α-syn on lipid metabolism, modulation of α-syn levels by lipids, as well as the identification of genetic determinants involved in lipid homeostasis associated with α-syn pathologies. While questions still remain, these recent developments open the way to new therapeutic strategies for PD and related disorders including some based on modulating synaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.S.); (A.M.); (J.-M.T.)
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21
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Rodrigues PS, Kale PP. Mini review - The role of Glucocerebrosidase and Progranulin as possible targets in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:1082-1089. [PMID: 34175090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As per recent reports, there is an association between glucocerebrosidase (Gcase) enzyme and Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, certain mutations in the Gcase gene (GBA) and the progranulin (PGRN) gene are found to be linked with the imbalance in the levels of Gcase enzyme. This imbalance or decrease or impairment in Gcase activity can lead to Gaucher disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), dementia, etc. Recent evidences suggest that the drugs used to treat these diseases can be used for PD. The present review has focused on the therapeutic approaches used for diseases linked with Gcase enzyme, which can be used for PD. The review also considered possible target specific novel strategies, which may help to meet the unmet needs in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle west, 400056 Mumbai, India
| | - P P Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle west, 400056 Mumbai, India.
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22
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Guschina IA, Ninkina N, Roman A, Pokrovskiy MV, Buchman VL. Triple-Knockout, Synuclein-Free Mice Display Compromised Lipid Pattern. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113078. [PMID: 34064018 PMCID: PMC8196748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated synucleins in several reactions during the biosynthesis of lipids and fatty acids in addition to their recognised role in membrane lipid binding and synaptic functions. These are among aspects of decreased synuclein functions that are still poorly acknowledged especially in regard to pathogenesis in Parkinson’s disease. Here, we aimed to add to existing knowledge of synuclein deficiency (i.e., the lack of all three family members), with respect to changes in fatty acids and lipids in plasma, liver, and two brain regions in triple synuclein-knockout (TKO) mice. We describe changes of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and palmitic acid in liver and plasma, reduced triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in liver and non-esterified fatty acids in plasma of synuclein free mice. In midbrain, we observed counterbalanced changes in the relative concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cerebrosides (CER). We also recorded a notable reduction in ethanolamine plasmalogens in the midbrain of synuclein free mice, which is an important finding since the abnormal ether lipid metabolism usually associated with neurological disorders. In summary, our data demonstrates that synuclein deficiency results in alterations of the PUFA synthesis, storage lipid accumulation in the liver, and the reduction of plasmalogens and CER, those polar lipids which are principal compounds of lipid rafts in many tissues. An ablation of all three synuclein family members causes more profound changes in lipid metabolism than changes previously shown to be associated with γ-synuclein deficiency alone. Possible mechanisms by which synuclein deficiency may govern the reported modifications of lipid metabolism in TKO mice are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Guschina
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.N.); (A.R.); (V.L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Ninkina
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.N.); (A.R.); (V.L.B.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), 1 Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrei Roman
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.N.); (A.R.); (V.L.B.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), 1 Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Pokrovskiy
- Research Institute of Living Systems Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University, 85 Pobedy Street, Belgorod 308015, Belgorod Oblast, Russia;
| | - Vladimir L. Buchman
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.N.); (A.R.); (V.L.B.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), 1 Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia
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23
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Valek L, Tran B, Wilken-Schmitz A, Trautmann S, Heidler J, Schmid T, Brüne B, Thomas D, Deller T, Geisslinger G, Auburger G, Tegeder I. Prodromal sensory neuropathy in Pink1 -/- SNCA A53T double mutant Parkinson mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:1060-1079. [PMID: 33974284 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently associated with a prodromal sensory neuropathy manifesting with sensory loss and chronic pain. We have recently shown that PD-associated sensory neuropathy in patients is associated with high levels of glucosylceramides. Here, we assessed the underlying pathology and mechanisms in Pink1-/- SNCAA53T double mutant mice. METHODS We studied nociceptive and olfactory behaviour and the neuropathology of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), including ultrastructure, mitochondrial respiration, transcriptomes, outgrowth and calcium currents of primary neurons, and tissue ceramides and sphingolipids before the onset of a PD-like disease that spontaneously develops in Pink1-/- SNCAA53T double mutant mice beyond 15 months of age. RESULTS Similar to PD patients, Pink1-/- SNCAA53T mice developed a progressive prodromal sensory neuropathy with a loss of thermal sensitivity starting as early as 4 months of age. In analogy to human plasma, lipid analyses revealed an accumulation of glucosylceramides (GlcCer) in the DRGs and sciatic nerves, which was associated with pathological mitochondria, impairment of mitochondrial respiration, and deregulation of transient receptor potential channels (TRPV and TRPA) at mRNA, protein and functional levels in DRGs. Direct exposure of DRG neurons to GlcCer caused transient hyperexcitability, followed by a premature decline of the viability of sensory neurons cultures upon repeated GlcCer application. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that pathological GlcCer contribute to prodromal sensory disease in PD mice via mitochondrial damage and calcium channel hyperexcitability. GlcCer-associated sensory neuron pathology might be amenable to GlcCer lowering therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Valek
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bao Tran
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annett Wilken-Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- Functional Proteomics Group, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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Senkevich KA, Kopytova AE, Usenko TS, Emelyanov AK, Pchelina SN. Parkinson's Disease Associated with GBA Gene Mutations: Molecular Aspects and Potential Treatment Approaches. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:70-78. [PMID: 34377557 PMCID: PMC8327146 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. To date, genome-wide association studies have identified more than 70 loci associated with the risk of PD. Variants in the GBA gene encoding glucocerebrosidase are quite often found in PD patients in all populations across the world, which justifies intensive investigation of this gene. A number of biochemical features have been identified in patients with GBA-associated Parkinson's disease (GBA-PD). In particular, these include decreased activity of glucocerebrosidase and accumulation of the glucosylceramide substrate. These features were the basis for putting forward a hypothesis about treatment of GBA-PD using new strategies aimed at restoring glucocerebrosidase activity and reducing the substrate concentration. This paper discusses the molecular and genetic mechanisms of GBA-PD pathogenesis and potential approaches to the treatment of this form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Senkevich
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, 188300 Russia
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, 197022 Russia
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - A. E. Kopytova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, 188300 Russia
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, 197022 Russia
| | - T. S. Usenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, 188300 Russia
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, 197022 Russia
| | - A. K. Emelyanov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, 188300 Russia
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, 197022 Russia
| | - S. N. Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, 188300 Russia
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, 197022 Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia
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25
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Castellanos DB, Martín-Jiménez CA, Rojas-Rodríguez F, Barreto GE, González J. Brain lipidomics as a rising field in neurodegenerative contexts: Perspectives with Machine Learning approaches. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 61:100899. [PMID: 33450200 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are essential for cellular functioning considering their role in membrane composition, signaling, and energy metabolism. The brain is the second most abundant organ in terms of lipid concentration and diversity only after adipose tissue. However, in the central system (CNS) lipid dysregulation has been linked to the etiology, progression, and severity of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimeŕs, Parkinson, and Multiple Sclerosis. Advances in the human genome and subsequent sequencing technologies allowed us the study of lipidomics as a promising approach to diagnosis and treatment of neurodegeneration. Lipidomics advances rapidly increased the amount and quality of data allowing the integration with other omic types as well as implementing novel bioinformatic and quantitative tools such as machine learning (ML). Integration of lipidomics data with ML, as a powerful quantitative predictive approach, led to improvements in diagnostic biomarker prediction, clinical data integration, network, and systems approaches for neural behavior, novel etiology markers for inflammation, and neurodegeneration progression and even Mass Spectrometry image analysis. In this sense, by exploiting lipidomics data with ML is possible to improve the identification of new biomarkers or unveil new molecular mechanisms associated with lipid impairment across neurodegeneration. In this review, we present the lipidomic neurobiology state-of-the-art highlighting its potential applications to study neurodegenerative conditions. Also, we present theoretical background, applications, and advances in the integration of lipidomics with ML. This review opens the door to new approaches in this rising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Báez Castellanos
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cynthia A Martín-Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Rojas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
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26
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Dong MX, Wei YD, Hu L. Lipid metabolic dysregulation is involved in Parkinson's disease dementia. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:463-470. [PMID: 33433787 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is very common in the late stage of patient with Parkinson's disease (PD). We aim to explore its underlying pathogenesis and identify candidate biomarkers using untargeted metabolomics analysis. Consecutive PD patients and healthy controls were recruited. Clinical data were assessed and patients were categorized into Parkinson's disease without dementia (PDND) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Fast plasma samples were obtained and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis was performed. Based on the identified differentially-expressed metabolites from the metabolomics analysis, multivariate linear regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were further employed. According to the clinical data, the mean ages of PDND and PDD patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. The incidence of hypercholesterolemia was decreased in PDD patients. PDD patients also had lower levels of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. There were 24 and 57 differentially expressed metabolites in PDD patients when compared with the healthy controls and PDND patients from the metabolomics analysis. Eleven lipid metabolites were simultaneously decreased between these two groups, and can be further subcategorized into fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and prenol lipids. The plasma levels of the eleven metabolites were positively correlated with MMSE score and can be candidate biomarkers for PDD patients with areas under the curve ranging from 0.724 to 0.806 based on the ROC curves. Plasma lipoproteins are significantly lower in PDD patients. A panel of eleven lipid metabolites were also decreased and can be candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of PDD patients. Lipid metabolic dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xue Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - You-Dong Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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27
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Cerri S, Ghezzi C, Ongari G, Croce S, Avenali M, Zangaglia R, Di Monte DA, Valente EM, Blandini F. GBA Mutations Influence the Release and Pathological Effects of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Fibroblasts of Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2215. [PMID: 33672321 PMCID: PMC7927041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the GBA gene, encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are the strongest known genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the increased PD risk and the variable phenotypes observed in carriers of different GBA mutations are not yet fully elucidated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing importance in neurodegenerative diseases since they can vehiculate pathological molecules potentially promoting disease propagation. Accumulating evidence showed that perturbations of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway can affect EV release and composition. Here, we investigate the impact of GCase deficiency on EV release and their effect in recipient cells. EVs were purified by ultracentrifugation from the supernatant of fibroblast cell lines derived from PD patients with or without GBA mutations and quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis. SH-SY5Y cells over-expressing alpha-synuclein (α-syn) were used to assess the ability of patient-derived small EVs to affect α-syn expression. We observed that defective GCase activity promotes the release of EVs, independently of mutation severity. Moreover, small EVs released from PD fibroblasts carrying severe mutations increased the intra-cellular levels of phosphorylated α-syn. In summary, our work shows that the dysregulation of small EV trafficking and alpha-synuclein mishandling may play a role in GBA-associated PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerri
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.G.); (G.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Cristina Ghezzi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.G.); (G.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Gerardo Ongari
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.G.); (G.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Stefania Croce
- Department of General Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic & Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Micol Avenali
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangaglia
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Donato A. Di Monte
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.G.); (G.O.); (F.B.)
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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28
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Dong MX, Hu L, Wei YD, Chen GH. Metabolomics profiling reveals altered lipid metabolism and identifies a panel of lipid metabolites as biomarkers for Parkinson's disease related anxiety disorder. Neurosci Lett 2021; 745:135626. [PMID: 33440238 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety disorder is a common non-motor symptom in patient with Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to explore its pathogenesis and identify plasma biomarkers using untargeted metabolomics analysis. METHODS Consecutive PD patients and healthy controls were recruited. Clinical data were assessed and patients with Parkinson's disease related anxiety disorder (PDA) were recognized. Fast plasma samples were obtained and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis was performed. Based on the differentially expressed metabolites from the above metabolomics analysis, correlation analyses and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were further employed. RESULTS According to the clinical data, PDA patients had lower plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. There were thirty-nine differentially expressed metabolites in PDA patients when compared with the other two groups from the metabolomics analysis, respectively. Fourteen lipid metabolites were simultaneously altered between these two groups, and all of them were significantly decreased. They can be further subcategorized into fatty acyls, glycerolipids, sterol lipids, sphingolipids, and prenol lipids. The plasma levels of thirteen metabolites were negatively correlated with HAMA scores except 10-oxo-nonadecanoic acid. Based on the ROC curves, the fourteen lipid metabolites can be diagnostic biomarkers for PDA patients separately and the areas under the curve of the fourteen lipid metabolites ranged from 0.681 to 0.798. CONCLUSIONS Significantly lower plasma lipoproteins can be found in PDA patients. A panel of fourteen lipid metabolites were also significantly decreased and can be clinical biomarkers for the diagnosis of PDA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xue Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - You-Dong Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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29
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Drd2 biased agonist prevents neurodegeneration against NLRP3 inflammasome in Parkinson's disease model via a β-arrestin2-biased mechanism. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:259-271. [PMID: 32861720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated astrocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) into the extracellular milieu, damaging surrounding neurons and involving in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2) expresses both in neurons and astrocytes, and neuronal Drd2 is a significant target in therapy of PD. Our previous study reveals that astrocytic Drd2 exerts anti-inflammatory effect via non-classical β-arrestin2 signaling in PD model. Therefore, seeking new biased ligands of Drd2 with better efficacy and fewer side effects to treat PD is desirable and meaningful. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of UNC9995, a novel biased Drd2 agonist on astrocyte-derived neuroinflammation and dopaminergic (DA) neuron degenerationin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. We showed that UNC9995 rescued the TH+ neurons loss and inhibited glial cells activation in mouse substantia nigra in a Drd2 dependent manner. Focusing on astrocytes, we found UNC9995 shows a relatively safe concentration range and significantly suppresses astrocytic NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by lipopolysaccharide plus ATP. Further study revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of UNC9995 is independent of Drd2 / Gαi protein pathway. It activates β-arrestin2 by recruiting it to cell membrane. Critically, UNC9995 enhances β-arrestin2 interacting with NLRP3 to interfere inflammasome assembly, which consequently reduces IL-1β production. On the other hand, UNC9995 inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory pathway activation in DA neurons and rescues subsequent apoptosis via β-arrestin2 interacting with protein kinases, such as JNK and suppressing their phosphorylation. Furthermore, β-arrestin2 knockout abolishes the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of UNC9995 in PD mouse model, supporting that UNC9995 is a β-arrestin2-biased Drd2 agonist and revealing its novel function in PD treatment. Collectively, this work illustrates that Drd2 agonist UNC9995 prevents DA neuron degeneration in PD and provides a new strategy for developing the β-arrestin2-biased ligands in the therapy of NDDs.
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Friend or Foe: Lipid Droplets as Organelles for Protein and Lipid Storage in Cellular Stress Response, Aging and Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215053. [PMID: 33143278 PMCID: PMC7663626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) were considered as a mere lipid storage organelle for a long time. Recent evidence suggests that LDs are in fact distinct and dynamic organelles with a specialized proteome and functions in many cellular roles. As such, LDs contribute to cellular signaling, protein and lipid homeostasis, metabolic diseases and inflammation. In line with the multitude of functions, LDs interact with many cellular organelles including mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus. LDs are highly mobile and dynamic organelles and impaired motility disrupts the interaction with other organelles. The reduction of interorganelle contacts results in a multitude of pathophysiologies and frequently in neurodegenerative diseases. Contacts not only supply lipids for β-oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisomes, but also may include the transfer of toxic lipids as well as misfolded and harmful proteins to LDs. Furthermore, LDs assist in the removal of protein aggregates when severe proteotoxic stress overwhelms the proteasomal system. During imbalance of cellular lipid homeostasis, LDs also support cellular detoxification. Fine-tuning of LD function is of crucial importance and many diseases are associated with dysfunctional LDs. We summarize the current understanding of LDs and their interactions with organelles, providing a storage site for harmful proteins and lipids during cellular stress, aging inflammation and various disease states.
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Nuber S, Nam AY, Rajsombath MM, Cirka H, Hronowski X, Wang J, Hodgetts K, Kalinichenko LS, Müller CP, Lambrecht V, Winkler J, Weihofen A, Imberdis T, Dettmer U, Fanning S, Selkoe DJ. A Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase Inhibitor Prevents Multiple Parkinson Disease Phenotypes in α-Synuclein Mice. Ann Neurol 2020; 89:74-90. [PMID: 32996158 PMCID: PMC7756464 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Parkinson disease (PD) has useful symptomatic treatments that do not slow the neurodegenerative process, and no significant disease‐modifying treatments are approved. A key therapeutic target in PD is α‐synuclein (αS), which is both genetically implicated and accumulates in Lewy bodies rich in vesicles and other lipid membranes. Reestablishing αS homeostasis is a central goal in PD. Based on previous lipidomic analyses, we conducted a mouse trial of a stearoyl–coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) inhibitor (“5b”) that prevented αS‐positive vesicular inclusions and cytotoxicity in cultured human neurons. Methods Oral dosing and brain activity of 5b were established in nontransgenic mice. 5b in drinking water was given to mice expressing wild‐type human αS (WT) or an amplified familial PD αS mutation (E35K + E46K + E61K ["3K"]) beginning near the onset of nigral and cortical neurodegeneration and the robust PD‐like motor syndrome in 3K. Motor phenotypes, brain cytopathology, and SCD‐related lipid changes were quantified in 5b‐ versus placebo‐treated mice. Outcomes were compared to effects of crossing 3K to SCD1−/− mice. Results 5b treatment reduced αS hyperphosphorylation in E46K‐expressing human neurons, in 3K neural cultures, and in both WT and 3K αS mice. 5b prevented subtle gait deficits in WT αS mice and the PD‐like resting tremor and progressive motor decline of 3K αS mice. 5b also increased αS tetramers and reduced proteinase K‐resistant lipid‐rich aggregates. Similar benefits accrued from genetically deleting 1 SCD allele, providing target validation. Interpretation Prolonged reduction of brain SCD activity prevented PD‐like neuropathology in multiple PD models. Thus, an orally available SCD inhibitor potently ameliorates PD phenotypes, positioning this approach to treat human α‐synucleinopathies. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:74–90
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Y Nam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly M Rajsombath
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haley Cirka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Junmin Wang
- Chemical Biology & Proteomics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Hodgetts
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Lambrecht
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Weihofen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thibaut Imberdis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saranna Fanning
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Adão R, Cruz PF, Vaz DC, Fonseca F, Pedersen JN, Ferreira-da-Silva F, Brito RM, Ramos CH, Otzen D, Keller S, Bastos M. DIBMA nanodiscs keep α-synuclein folded. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Blumenreich S, Barav OB, Jenkins BJ, Futerman AH. Lysosomal Storage Disorders Shed Light on Lysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144966. [PMID: 32674335 PMCID: PMC7404170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosome is a central player in the cell, acting as a clearing house for macromolecular degradation, but also plays a critical role in a variety of additional metabolic and regulatory processes. The lysosome has recently attracted the attention of neurobiologists and neurologists since a number of neurological diseases involve a lysosomal component. Among these is Parkinson’s disease (PD). While heterozygous and homozygous mutations in GBA1 are the highest genetic risk factor for PD, studies performed over the past decade have suggested that lysosomal loss of function is likely involved in PD pathology, since a significant percent of PD patients have a mutation in one or more genes that cause a lysosomal storage disease (LSD). Although the mechanistic connection between the lysosome and PD remains somewhat enigmatic, significant evidence is accumulating that lysosomal dysfunction plays a central role in PD pathophysiology. Thus, lysosomal dysfunction, resulting from mutations in lysosomal genes, may enhance the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain, which may result in the earlier development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Blumenreich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
| | - Or B. Barav
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
| | - Bethan J. Jenkins
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-9342704; Fax: +972-8-9344112
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Klatt‐Schreiner K, Valek L, Kang J, Khlebtovsky A, Trautmann S, Hahnefeld L, Schreiber Y, Gurke R, Thomas D, Wilken‐Schmitz A, Wicker S, Auburger G, Geisslinger G, Lötsch J, Pfeilschifter W, Djaldetti R, Tegeder I. High Glucosylceramides and Low Anandamide Contribute to Sensory Loss and Pain in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1822-1833. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.28186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Valek
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe‐University, Medical Faculty Frankfurt Germany
| | - Jun‐Suk Kang
- Department of Neurology Goethe‐University Hospital Frankfurt Germany
| | - Alexander Khlebtovsky
- Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center Petach Tiqva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe‐University, Medical Faculty Frankfurt Germany
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe‐University, Medical Faculty Frankfurt Germany
| | | | - Robert Gurke
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe‐University, Medical Faculty Frankfurt Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe‐University, Medical Faculty Frankfurt Germany
| | - Annett Wilken‐Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe‐University, Medical Faculty Frankfurt Germany
| | - Sabine Wicker
- Occupational Health Service Goethe‐University Hospital Frankfurt Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Department of Neurology Goethe‐University Hospital Frankfurt Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe‐University, Medical Faculty Frankfurt Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Branch Translational Medicine Frankfurt Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for immune mediated diseases (CIMD)
| | - Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe‐University, Medical Faculty Frankfurt Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Branch Translational Medicine Frankfurt Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for immune mediated diseases (CIMD)
| | | | - Ruth Djaldetti
- Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center Petach Tiqva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe‐University, Medical Faculty Frankfurt Germany
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Hu L, Dong MX, Huang YL, Lu CQ, Qian Q, Zhang CC, Xu XM, Liu Y, Chen GH, Wei YD. Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis Reveals Plasma Lipid Metabolic Disturbance in Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:80. [PMID: 32714143 PMCID: PMC7344253 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly with a pathogenesis that remains unclear. We aimed to explore its pathogenesis through plasma integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis. The clinical data of consecutively recruited PD patients and healthy controls were assessed. Fasting plasma samples were obtained and analyzed using metabolomics and proteomics methods. After that, differentially expressed metabolites and proteins were identified for further bioinformatics analysis. No significant difference was found in the clinical data between these two groups. Eighty-three metabolites were differentially expressed in PD patients identified by metabolomics analysis. These metabolites were predominately lipid and lipid-like molecules (63%), among which 25% were sphingolipids. The sphingolipid metabolism pathway was enriched and tended to be activated in the following KEGG pathway analysis. According to the proteomics analysis, forty proteins were identified to be differentially expressed, seven of which were apolipoproteins. Furthermore, five of the six top ranking Gene Ontology terms from cellular components and eleven of the other fourteen Gene Ontology terms from biological processes were directly associated with lipid metabolism. In KEGG pathway analysis, the five enriched pathways were also significantly related with lipid metabolism (p < 0.05). Overall, Parkinson’s disease is associated with plasma lipid metabolic disturbance, including an activated sphingolipid metabolism and decreased apolipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei-Xue Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Ling Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-Qi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - You-Dong Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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36
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Autophagy lysosomal pathway dysfunction in Parkinson's disease; evidence from human genetics. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 73:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Luo S, Du L, Cui Y. Potential Therapeutic Applications and Developments of Exosomes in Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1447-1457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Libo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Han D, Zheng W, Wang X, Chen Z. Proteostasis of α-Synuclein and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:45. [PMID: 32210767 PMCID: PMC7075857 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-Synuclein, possibly caused by disturbance of proteostasis, has been identified as a common pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the initiating events of aggregation have not been fully illustrated, and this knowledge may be critical to understanding the disease mechanisms of PD. Proteostasis is essential in maintaining normal cellular metabolic functions, which regulate the synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation of proteins. The toxicity of the aggregating proteins is dramatically influenced by its physical and physiological status. Genetic mutations may also affect the metastable phase transition of proteins. In addition, neuroinflammation, as well as lipid metabolism and its interaction with α-Synuclein, are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. In this review article, we will highlight recent progress regarding α-Synuclein proteostasis in the context of PD. We will also discuss how the phase transition status of α-Synuclein could correlate with different functional consequences in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Cell Therapy Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Cell Therapy Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Cell Therapy Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Cell Therapy Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Li P, Song C. Potential treatment of Parkinson’s disease with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:180-191. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1735143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Marine Medicine Research and Development Center of Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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40
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Chatterjee D, Kordower JH. Immunotherapy in Parkinson’s disease: Current status and future directions. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Killinger BA, Melki R, Brundin P, Kordower JH. Endogenous alpha-synuclein monomers, oligomers and resulting pathology: let's talk about the lipids in the room. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 5:23. [PMID: 31728405 PMCID: PMC6851126 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein is an intrinsically disordered, highly dynamic protein that pathogenically aggregates into inclusion structures called Lewy bodies, in several neurogenerative diseases termed synucleinopathies. Despite its importance for understanding disease, the oligomerization status of alpha-synuclein in healthy cells remains unclear. Alpha-synuclein may exist predominantly as either a monomer or a variety of oligomers of different molecular weights. There is solid evidence to support both theories. Detection of apparent endogenous oligomers are intimately dependent on vesicle and lipid interactions. Here we consider the possibility that apparent endogenous alpha-synuclein oligomers are in fact conformations of membrane-bound alpha-synuclein and not a bona fide stable soluble species. This perspective posits that the formation of any alpha-synuclein oligomers within the cell is likely toxic and interconversion between monomer and oligomer is tightly controlled. This differs from the hypothesis that there is a continuum of endogenous non-toxic oligomers and they convert, through unclear mechanisms, to toxic oligomers. The distinction is important, because it clarifies the biological origin of synucleinopathy. We suggest that a monomer-only, lipid-centric view of endogenous alpha-synuclein aggregation can explain how alpha-synuclein pathology is triggered, and that the interactions between alpha-synuclein and lipids can represent a target for therapeutic intervention. This discussion is well-timed due to recent studies that show lipids are a significant component of Lewy pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Killinger
- 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Ronald Melki
- 2CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CNRS, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Patrik Brundin
- 3Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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Huebecker M, Moloney EB, van der Spoel AC, Priestman DA, Isacson O, Hallett PJ, Platt FM. Reduced sphingolipid hydrolase activities, substrate accumulation and ganglioside decline in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:40. [PMID: 31703585 PMCID: PMC6842240 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haploinsufficiency in the Gaucher disease GBA gene, which encodes the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase GBA, and ageing represent major risk factors for developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, more than fifty other lysosomal storage disorder gene variants have been identified in PD, implicating lysosomal dysfunction more broadly as a key risk factor for PD. Despite the evidence of multiple lysosomal genetic risks, it remains unclear how sphingolipid hydrolase activities, other than GBA, are altered with ageing or in PD. Moreover, it is not fully known if levels of glycosphingolipid substrates for these enzymes change in vulnerable brain regions of PD. Finally, little is known about the levels of complex gangliosides in substantia nigra which may play a significant role in ageing and PD. Methods To study sphingolipid hydrolase activities and glycosphingolipid expression in ageing and in PD, two independent cohorts of human substantia nigra tissues were obtained. Fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone assays were used to determine multiple enzyme activities. The lysosomal GBA and non-lysosomal GBA2 activities were distinguished using the inhibitor NB-DGJ. Sensitive and quantitative normal-phase HPLC was performed to study glycosphingolipid levels. In addition, glycosphingolipid levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were analysed as possible biomarkers for PD. Results The present study demonstrates, in two independent cohorts of human post-mortem substantia nigra, that sporadic PD is associated with deficiencies in multiple lysosomal hydrolases (e.g. α-galactosidase and β-hexosaminidase), in addition to reduced GBA and GBA2 activities and concomitant glycosphingolipid substrate accumulation. Furthermore, the data show significant reductions in levels of complex gangliosides (e.g. GM1a) in substantia nigra, CSF and serum in ageing, PD, and REM sleep behaviour disorder, which is a strong predictor of PD. Conclusions These findings conclusively demonstrate reductions in GBA activity in the parkinsonian midbrain, and for the first time, reductions in the activity of several other sphingolipid hydrolases. Furthermore, significant reductions were seen in complex gangliosides in PD and ageing. The diminished activities of these lysosomal hydrolases, the glycosphingolipid substrate accumulation, and the reduced levels of complex gangliosides are likely major contributors to the primary development of the pathology seen in PD and related disorders with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Huebecker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Moloney
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Aarnoud C van der Spoel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David A Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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Ikenaka K, Suzuki M, Mochizuki H, Nagai Y. Lipids as Trans-Acting Effectors for α-Synuclein in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:693. [PMID: 31333408 PMCID: PMC6619337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites, which consist mainly of aggregated αSyn, are widely observed in the affected regions of patient brains. Except for some familial forms of PD/DLB, most sporadic PD/DLB patients express the wild-type (WT) αSyn protein without any mutations, and the mechanisms as to how WT αSyn gains the propensity to pathologically aggregate still remains unclear. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which the same αSyn protein can cause different synucleinopathies with distinct phenotypes and pathologies, such as PD, DLB, and multiple system atrophy (MSA), still remain largely unknown. Recently, mutations in the GBA1 gene (encoding glucocerebrosidase), which are responsible for the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD), have been reported to be the strongest risk factor for developing sporadic PD/DLB. We previously demonstrated that glucosylceramide accumulated by GBA1 deficiency promotes the conversion of αSyn into a proteinase K-resistant conformation. Furthermore, decreased glucocerebrosidase activity has also been reported in the brains of patients with sporadic PD/DLB. Moreover, αSyn pathology has also been shown in the brains of lysosomal storage disorder patients, which show glycosphingolipid accumulation. These observations suggest the possibility that altered lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation play roles in αSyn aggregation and PD/DLB pathogenesis. Indeed, several previous studies have demonstrated that lipid interactions affect the conformation of αSyn and induces its oligomerization and aggregation. In this review, we will give an overview of the association between αSyn aggregation and lipid interactions from the viewpoints of the etiology, pathology, and genetics of PD/DLB. We also discuss the distinct species of αSyn aggregates and their association with specific types of synucleinopathies, and introduce our hypothesis that lipid interactions play a role as trans-acting effectors in producing distinct strains of αSyn fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Suzuki
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neurotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Valek L, Auburger G, Tegeder I. Sensory neuropathy and nociception in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/6/dmm039396. [PMID: 31248900 PMCID: PMC6602317 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) often manifests with prodromal pain and sensory losses whose etiologies are not well understood. Multiple genetic and toxicity-based rodent models of PD partly recapitulate the histopathology and motor function deficits. Although far less studied, there is some evidence that rodents, similar to humans, develop sensory manifestations of the disease, which may precede motor disturbances and help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of PD-associated pain at the molecular and neuron circuit levels. The present Review summarizes nociception and other sensory functions in frequently used rodent PD models within the context of the complex phenotypes. In terms of mechanisms, it appears that the acute loss of dopaminergic neurons in systemic toxicity models (MPTP, rotenone) primarily causes nociceptive hyperexcitability, presumably owing to a loss of inhibitory control, whereas genetic models primarily result in a progressive loss of heat perception, reflecting sensory fiber neuropathies. At the molecular level, neither α-synuclein deposits alone nor failure of mitophagy alone appear to be strong enough to result in axonal or synaptic pathology of nociceptive neurons that manifest at the behavioral level, and peripheral sensory loss may mask central ‘pain’ in behavioral tests. Hence, allostatic combinations or additional challenges and novel behavioral assessments are needed to better evaluate PD-associated sensory neuropathies and pain in rodents. Summary: Rodent models of Parkinson's disease partially develop prodromal somatosensory and olfactory dysfunctions reminiscent of sensory neuropathies in patients and reveal mechanistic insight, but data are incomplete and fragmented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Valek
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Ma J, Gao J, Wang J, Xie A. Prion-Like Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:552. [PMID: 31275093 PMCID: PMC6591488 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation and aggregation of misfolded proteins in the central nervous system (CNS) is a key hallmark of several age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases share key biophysical and biochemical characteristics with prion diseases. It is believed that PD is characterized by abnormal protein aggregation, mainly that of α-synuclein (α-syn). Of particular importance, there is growing evidence indicating that abnormal α-syn can spread to neighboring brain regions and cause aggregation of endogenous α-syn in these regions as seeds, in a “prion-like” manner. Abundant studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that α-syn goes through a templated conformational change, propagates from the original region to neighboring regions, and eventually cause neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra and striatum. The objective of this review is to summarize the mechanisms involved in the aggregation of abnormal intracellular α-syn and its subsequent cell-to-cell transmission. According to these findings, we look forward to effective therapeutic perspectives that can block the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Hussain G, Wang J, Rasul A, Anwar H, Imran A, Qasim M, Zafar S, Kamran SKS, Razzaq A, Aziz N, Ahmad W, Shabbir A, Iqbal J, Baig SM, Sun T. Role of cholesterol and sphingolipids in brain development and neurological diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:26. [PMID: 30683111 PMCID: PMC6347843 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain is a vital organ of the human body which performs very important functions such as analysis, processing, coordination, and execution of electrical signals. For this purpose, it depends on a complex network of nerves which are ensheathed in lipids tailored myelin; an abundant source of lipids in the body. The nervous system is enriched with important classes of lipids; sphingolipids and cholesterol which compose the major portion of the brain particularly in the form of myelin. Both cholesterol and sphingolipids are embedded in the microdomains of membrane rafts and are functional units of the neuronal cell membrane. These molecules serve as the signaling molecules; hold important roles in the neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, and many others. Thus, their adequate provision and active metabolism are of crucial importance in the maintenance of physiological functions of brain and body of an individual. In the present review, we have highlighted the physiological roles of cholesterol and sphingolipids in the development of the nervous system as well as the association of their altered metabolism to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Zafar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Kashif Shahid Kamran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Shabbir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China.
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Dehelean L, Sarbu M, Petrut A, Zamfir AD. Trends in Glycolipid Biomarker Discovery in Neurodegenerative Disorders by Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:703-729. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Blandini F, Cilia R, Cerri S, Pezzoli G, Schapira AHV, Mullin S, Lanciego JL. Glucocerebrosidase mutations and synucleinopathies: Toward a model of precision medicine. Mov Disord 2018; 34:9-21. [PMID: 30589955 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase is a lysosomal enzyme. The characterization of a direct link between mutations in the gene coding for glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) with the development of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies has heightened interest in this enzyme. Although the mechanisms through which glucocerebrosidase regulates the homeostasis of α-synuclein remains poorly understood, the identification of reduced glucocerebrosidase activity in the brains of patients with PD and dementia with Lewy bodies has paved the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies directed at enhancing glucocerebrosidase activity and reducing α-synuclein burden, thereby slowing down or even preventing neuronal death. Here we reviewed the current literature relating to the mechanisms underlying the cross talk between glucocerebrosidase and α-synuclein, the GBA1 mutation-associated clinical phenotypes, and ongoing therapeutic approaches targeting glucocerebrosidase. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Hampstead, UK
| | - Stephen Mullin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Hampstead, UK.,Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK
| | - José L Lanciego
- Programa de Neurociencias, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada (FIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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49
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Sepe FN, Chiasserini D, Parnetti L. Role of FABP3 as biomarker in Alzheimer's disease and synucleinopathies. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are fundamental components of brain cells as they are involved in several essential processes like remodeling of plasma membrane, synaptic function and receptor–ligand interactions. Systemic and brain alterations in lipid metabolism have been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders like dementia and parkinsonisms. Intracellular transport of lipids is regulated by fatty acid-binding proteins. Recently, a member of this family, the fatty acid-binding protein 3 has been proposed as a potential biomarker across a range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. In this special report, we describe recent progresses in characterizing the role of fatty acid-binding protein 3 in neurodegeneration and its putative role as biomarker measurable in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Nicoletta Sepe
- Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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