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Wei JA, Han Q, Luo Z, Liu L, Cui J, Tan J, Chow BKC, So KF, Zhang L. Amygdala neural ensemble mediates mouse social investigation behaviors. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 10:nwac179. [PMID: 36845323 PMCID: PMC9952061 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate social investigation behaviors are critical for animal survival and are regulated by both neural circuits and neuroendocrine factors. Our understanding of how neuropeptides regulate social interest, however, is incomplete at the current stage. In this study, we identified the expression of secretin (SCT) in a subpopulation of excitatory neurons in the basolateral amygdala. With distinct molecular and physiological features, BLASCT+ cells projected to the medial prefrontal cortex and were necessary and sufficient for promoting social investigation behaviors, whilst other basolateral amygdala neurons were anxiogenic and antagonized social behaviors. Moreover, the exogenous application of secretin effectively promoted social interest in both healthy and autism spectrum disorder model mice. These results collectively demonstrate a previously unrecognized group of amygdala neurons for mediating social behaviors and suggest promising strategies for social deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiahui Tan
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Billy K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510030, China,BiolandLaboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510006, China,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 220619, China,Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China,Institute of Clinical Research for Mental Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Sugiyama M, Nishijima I, Nakamura W, Nakamura TJ. Secretin receptor-deficient mice exhibit robust food anticipatory activity. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136462. [PMID: 35051436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a principal circadian pacemaker that optimizes the timing of behavioral rhythms and physiological events. Normally, circadian behavioral rhythms are entrained by the environmental light-dark (LD) cycle via the SCN. However, daily rhythms of other synchronizing signals, such as food availability, also emerge. When food availability is restricted to a single recurring daytime meal in nocturnal rodents, they exhibit increased activity during the hours immediately preceding feeding time; this is called food anticipatory activity (FAA). Many reports suggest that FAA is mediated by the food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) with circadian properties, but not the SCN. However, the neural locus and timekeeping mechanisms of the FEO, including its relationship with gastrointestinal hormone signaling, remain unclear. Herein, to examine whether secretin receptor signaling is necessary for the FEO, the effect of daily food restriction was studied in secretin receptor-deficient (Sctr-/-) mice. Adult wild-type (WT) and Sctr-/- mice were housed in separate cages containing a running wheel, with ad libitum food access and in a LD cycle (12 hours : 12 hours) for at least 2 weeks. After acclimation to the condition, food access times were gradually restricted and 4-hour restricted feeding lasted over 10 days. Subsequently, mice had ad libitum food access for 2 days and then fasted for 2 days. Thereafter, robust FAAs were observed in both WT and Sctr-/- mice during restricted feeding and subsequent fasting. These results indicate that secretin receptor signaling is not essential for the timekeeping mechanism of FEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ichiko Nishijima
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakamura
- Department of Oral-Chrono Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiro J Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
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3
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Sugiyama M, Nishijima I, Miyazaki S, Nakamura TJ. Secretin receptor-deficient mice exhibit altered circadian rhythm in wheel-running activity. Neurosci Lett 2020; 722:134814. [PMID: 32027952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the timing of behavior and physiological activity is controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. Incidentally, secretin is a peptide hormone that promotes digestive activities and regulates water reabsorption. In recent studies, exogenous administration of secretin has been reported to induce secretion of oxytocin in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus and modulate social behavior. These results indicate that secretin is involved in the neural network that controls social behavior and plays important roles in the central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of secretin on circadian rhythms, by assessing circadian rhythms during wheel-running behavior in secretin receptor-deficient (Sctr-/-) mice. Male adult wild-type (WT) and Sctr-/- mice were housed in separate cages containing a wheel. Every minute of the wheel-running activity was monitored during the normal light-dark (LD) cycle (12:12 h) and in constant darkness (DD). Significant differences were observed in the free-running period between the WT and Sctr-/- mice. However, no significant differences were observed in the daily wheel-running revolutions between WT and Sctr-/- mice, in the LD and DD conditions. Moreover, the ratio of the daily activity phase to the rest phase (α/ρ) was significantly smaller in Sctr-/- than that in WT mice in the DD condition. Secretin receptors were expressed in the SCN cells. These findings suggest that secretin receptors are involved in the central circadian clock in the SCN and the circadian system in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ichiko Nishijima
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Shota Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takahiro J Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
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Kokkinos A, Tsilingiris D, le Roux CW, Rubino F, Mantzoros CS. Will medications that mimic gut hormones or target their receptors eventually replace bariatric surgery? Metabolism 2019; 100:153960. [PMID: 31412266 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective therapeutic modality through which sustained beneficial effects on weight loss and metabolic improvement are achieved. During recent years, indications for bariatric surgery have been expanded to include cases of poorly controlled type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus in lesser extremes of body weight. A spectrum of the beneficial effects of surgery is attributed to robust changes of postprandial gut peptide responses that are observed post operatively. Consolidated knowledge regarding gut peptide physiology as well as emerging new evidence shedding light on the mode of action of previously overlooked gut hormones provide appealing potential obesity and T2DM therapeutic perspectives. The accumulation of evidence from the effect of exogenous administration of native gut peptides alone or in combinations to humans as well as the development of mimetic agents exerting agonistic effects on combinations of gut hormone receptors pave the way for future integrated gut peptide-based treatments, which may mimic the effects of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francesco Rubino
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes and Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, USA
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5
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Wang R, Chow BKC, Zhang L. Distribution and Functional Implication of Secretin in Multiple Brain Regions. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 68:485-493. [PMID: 29882022 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Secretin is a polypeptide hormone initially identified for its gastrointestinal functions. However, emerging evidences show wide distribution of secretin and secretin receptor across various brain regions from cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus to cerebellum. In this mini review, we will firstly describe the region-specific expression pattern of secretin and secretin receptor in the brain, followed by a summary of central physiological and neurological functions mediated by secretin. Using genetic manipulation and pharmaceutical approaches, one can elucidate the role of secretin in mediating various neurological functions from simple behaviors, such as water and food intake, to more complex functions including emotion, motor, and learning or memory. At last, current weakness and future perspectives of secretin in the central nervous system will be discussed, aiming to provide the potency of using secretin or its analog for treating various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruanna Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Billy K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Kimura T, Nishizawa K, Oguma A, Nishimura Y, Sakasegawa Y, Teruya K, Nishijima I, Doh-ura K. Secretin receptor involvement in prion-infected cells and animals. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2011-8. [PMID: 26037144 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms behind prion biosynthesis and metabolism remain unclear. Here we show that secretin signaling via the secretin receptor regulates abnormal prion protein formation in prion-infected cells. Animal studies demonstrate that secretin receptor deficiency slightly, but significantly, prolongs incubation time in female but not male mice. This gender-specificity is consistent with our finding that prion-infected cells are derived from females. Therefore, our results provide initial insights into the reasons why age of disease onset in certain prion diseases is reported to occur slightly earlier in females than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kimura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Nishizawa
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayumi Oguma
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Sakasegawa
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenta Teruya
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiko Nishijima
- Department of Biobank Lifescience, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsumi Doh-ura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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7
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Pang YY, Chen XY, Xue Y, Han XH, Chen L. Effects of secretin on neuronal activity and feeding behavior in central amygdala of rats. Peptides 2015; 66:1-8. [PMID: 25698232 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that secretin and secretin receptors are expressed in central amygdala neurons. By using both in vivo extracellular recording as well as behavioral test, we investigated the direct electrophysiological effects of secretin in the central amygdala and its involvement in feeding behavior. Micro-pressure ejection of secretin increased the spontaneous firing rate by 104.22±26.18% in 13 out of the 27 central amygdala neurons. In other 6 out of the 27 neurons, secretin decreased the firing rate by 68.80±12.10%. Firing patter analysis showed that secretin did not change the firing pattern significantly. Further electrophysiological recordings revealed that secretin decreased the firing rate of glucose-sensitive neurons. In behavioral test, microinjection of secretin into the central amygdala significantly reduced cumulative food intake through cAMP-activated protein kinase activation. Based on the present electrophysiological and behavioral findings, we hypothesized that secretin may suppress food intake by its modulation of spontaneous firing of central amygdala neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yan Pang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Han
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Afroze S, Meng F, Jensen K, McDaniel K, Rahal K, Onori P, Gaudio E, Alpini G, Glaser SS. The physiological roles of secretin and its receptor. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 1:29. [PMID: 25332973 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2012.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Secretin is secreted by S cells in the small intestine and affects the function of a number of organ systems. Secretin receptors (SR) are expressed in the basolateral domain of several cell types. In addition to regulating the secretion of a number of epithelia (e.g., in the pancreas and biliary epithelium in the liver), secretin exerts trophic effects in several cell types. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive review on the multiple roles of secretin and SR signaling in the regulation of epithelial functions in various organ systems with particular emphasis in the liver. We will discuss the role of secretin and its receptor in health and biliary disease pathogenesis. Finally, we propose future areas of research for the further evaluation of the secretin/secretin receptor axis in liver pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Afroze
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Fanyin Meng
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Kendal Jensen
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Kelly McDaniel
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Kinan Rahal
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Shannon S Glaser
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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9
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McGinnis WR, Audhya T, Edelson SM. Proposed toxic and hypoxic impairment of a brainstem locus in autism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:6955-7000. [PMID: 24336025 PMCID: PMC3881151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10126955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological findings implicate site-specific impairment of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in autism. This invites hypothetical consideration of a large role for this small brainstem structure as the basis for seemingly disjointed behavioral and somatic features of autism. The NTS is the brain's point of entry for visceral afference, its relay for vagal reflexes, and its integration center for autonomic control of circulatory, immunological, gastrointestinal, and laryngeal function. The NTS facilitates normal cerebrovascular perfusion, and is the seminal point for an ascending noradrenergic system that modulates many complex behaviors. Microvascular configuration predisposes the NTS to focal hypoxia. A subregion--the "pNTS"--permits exposure to all blood-borne neurotoxins, including those that do not readily transit the blood-brain barrier. Impairment of acetylcholinesterase (mercury and cadmium cations, nitrates/nitrites, organophosphates, monosodium glutamate), competition for hemoglobin (carbon monoxide, nitrates/nitrites), and higher blood viscosity (net systemic oxidative stress) are suggested to potentiate microcirculatory insufficiency of the NTS, and thus autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woody R. McGinnis
- Autism Research Institute, 4182 Adams Avenue, San Diego, CA 92116, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-541-326-8822; Fax: +1-619-563-6840
| | - Tapan Audhya
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical School, New York, NY 10016, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Stephen M. Edelson
- Autism Research Institute, 4182 Adams Avenue, San Diego, CA 92116, USA; E-Mail:
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10
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Sekar R, Chow BKC. Metabolic effects of secretin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 181:18-24. [PMID: 23246720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Secretin (Sct), traditionally a gastrointestinal hormone backed by a century long research, is now beginning to be recognized also as a neuroactive peptide. Substantiation by recent evidence on the functional role of Sct in various regions of the brain, especially on its potential neurosecretion from the posterior pituitary, has revealed Sct's physiological actions in regulating water homeostasis. Recent advances in understanding the functional roles of central and peripheral Sct has been made possible by the development of Sct and Sct receptor (SctR) knockout animal models which have led to novel approaches in research on the physiology of this brain-gut peptide. While research on the role of Sct in appetite regulation and fatty acid metabolism has been initiated recently, its role in glucose homeostasis is unclear. This review focuses mainly on the metabolic role of Sct by discussing data from the last century and recent discoveries, with emphasis on the need for revisiting and elucidating the role of Sct in metabolism and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Sekar
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Distribution of secretin receptors in the rat central nervous system: an in situ hybridization study. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 50:172-8. [PMID: 23065333 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Secretin shows a wide distribution in the brain. Functional significance of central secretin is stressed since it has been associated with autism and schizophrenia. The presence of the secretin receptor was previously demonstrated in the brain by different methods. Neurons in the cerebellum, hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, and in the vascular organ of lamina terminalis were shown to express secretin receptor mRNA by using in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled probe. In this work, we used a very sensitive radioactive in situ hybridization technique and systematically mapped the expression of secretin receptor mRNA in the brain. The densest labeling was observed in the nucleus of solitary tract and in the laterodorsal thalamic nucleus, where decreasing number of receptors was seen in the vascular organ of lamina terminalis, and the lateral habenular complex, and then in the supraoptic nucleus. Only a few scattered labeled cells were observed in the median frontal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, perifornical region, lateral hypothalamic area, head of the caudate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and cerebellum. Secretin receptor mRNA showed a far wider distribution than was known before, suggesting a more significant functional relevance than thought earlier.
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12
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Heinzlmann A, Kiss G, Tóth ZE, Dochnal R, Pál Á, Sipos I, Manczinger M, Szabó G, Hashimoto H, Köves K. Intranasal application of secretin, similarly to intracerebroventricular administration, influences the motor behavior of mice probably through specific receptors. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:558-64. [PMID: 22752505 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Secretin and its receptors show wide distribution in the central nervous system. It was demonstrated previously that intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) application of secretin influenced the behavior of rat, mouse, and human. In our previous experiment, we used a special animal model, Japanese waltzing mice (JWM). These animals run around without stopping (the ambulation distance is very limited) and they do not bother with their environment. The i.c.v. secretin attenuated this hyperactive repetitive movement. In the present work, the effect of i.c.v. and intranasal (i.n.) application of secretin was compared. We have also looked for the presence of secretin receptors in the brain structures related to motor functions. Two micrograms of i.c.v. secretin improved the horizontal movement of JWM, enhancing the ambulation distance. It was nearly threefold higher in treated than in control animals. The i.n. application of secretin to the left nostril once or twice a day or once for 3 days more effectively enhanced the ambulation distance than i.c.v. administration. When secretin was given twice a day for 3 days it had no effect. Secretin did not improve the explorative behavior (the rearing), of JWM. With the use of in situ hybridization, we have found very dense secretin receptor labeling in the cerebellum. In the primary motor cortex and in the striatum, only a few labeled cells were seen. It was supposed that secretin exerted its effect through specific receptors, mainly present in the cerebellum.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Cerebellum/chemistry
- Cerebellum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/chemistry
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Exploratory Behavior/drug effects
- Female
- Hyperkinesis/drug therapy
- Hyperkinesis/genetics
- In Situ Hybridization
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Neurologic Mutants
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/physiology
- Motor Cortex/chemistry
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/agonists
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/analysis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/agonists
- Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/analysis
- Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/physiology
- Secretin/administration & dosage
- Secretin/pharmacology
- Secretin/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heinzlmann
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 58, Budapest 1094, Hungary
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Banko JL, Trotter J, Weeber EJ. Insights into synaptic function from mouse models of human cognitive disorders. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2011; 6:113-125. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modern approaches to the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying human cognitive disease often include multidisciplinary examination of animal models engineered with specific mutations that spatially and temporally restrict expression of a gene of interest. This approach not only makes possible the development of animal models that demonstrate phenotypic similarities to their respective human disorders, but has also allowed for significant progress towards understanding the processes that mediate synaptic function and memory formation in the nondiseased state. Examples of successful mouse models where genetic manipulation of the mouse resulted in recapitulation of the symptomatology of the human disorder and was used to significantly expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying normal synaptic plasticity and memory formation are discussed in this article. These studies have broadened our knowledge of several signal transduction cascades that function throughout life to mediate synaptic physiology. Defining these events is key for developing therapies to address disorders of cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Banko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Justin Trotter
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 East Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Cheng CYY, Chu JYS, Chow BKC. Central and peripheral administration of secretin inhibits food intake in mice through the activation of the melanocortin system. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:459-71. [PMID: 20927047 PMCID: PMC3055665 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Secretin (Sct) is released into the circulation postprandially from the duodenal S-cells. The major functions of Sct originated from the gastrointestinal system are to delay gastric emptying, stimulate fluid secretion from pancreas and liver, and hence optimize the digestion process. In recent years, Sct and its receptor (Sctr) have been identified in discrete nuclei of the hypothalamus, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the arcuate nucleus (Arc). These nuclei are the primary brain sites that are engaged in regulating body energy homeostasis, thus providing anatomical evidence to support a functional role of Sct in appetite control. In this study, the effect of Sct on feeding behavior was investigated using wild-type (wt), Sct(-/-), and secretin receptor-deficient (Sctr(-/-)) mice. We found that both central and peripheral administration of Sct could induce Fos expression in the PVN and Arc, suggesting the activation of hypothalamic feeding centers by this peptide. Consistent with this notion, Sct was found to increase thyrotropin-releasing hormone and melanocortin-4 receptor (Mc4r) transcripts in the PVN, and augment proopiomelanocortin, but reduces agouti-related protein mRNA expression in the Arc. Injection of Sct was able to suppress food intake in wt mice, but not in Sctr(-/-) mice, and that this effect was abolished upon pretreatment with SHU9119, an antagonist for Mc4r. In summary, our data suggest for the first time that Sct is an anorectic peptide, and that this function is mediated by the melanocortin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Yuen Yee Cheng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jessica Yan Shuen Chu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Billy Kwok Chong Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 4N01, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China, Tel: +852 22990850, Fax: 852 25599114, E-mail:
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Jukkola PI, Rogers JT, Kaspar BK, Weeber EJ, Nishijima I. Secretin deficiency causes impairment in survival of neural progenitor cells in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 20:1000-7. [PMID: 21159798 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis is the lifelong production of new neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), and affects many physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including neurobehavioral disorders. The early postnatal stage is the most prominent neurogenesis period; however, the functional role of neurogenesis in this developing stage has not been well characterized. To understand the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in the postnatal developing period, we analyzed secretin, a neuropeptide, which is expressed significantly higher in the development stage. Secretin is a pleiotropic neuropeptide hormone that belongs to the secretin/VIP/glucagon peptide family. Although secretin was originally isolated in the gastrointestinal system, it has been found that secretin itself acts as a neuropeptide in the CNS. Here, we report a new function of secretin as a survival factor for neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus. We found that secretin-deficient mice exhibit decreased numbers of BrdU-labeled new neurons and dramatically increased apoptosis of doublecortin-positive neural progenitor cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) during the early postnatal period. Furthermore, we found that reduced survival of neural progenitor cells leads to decreased volume of DG, reduced long-term potentiation and impaired spatial learning ability in adults. Our studies demonstrate that secretin has important implications for neurogenesis in postnatal development, and affects neurobehavioral function in the adult mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Jukkola
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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16
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Abstract
Metabolic pathologies such as Type 2 Diabetes have become a major health problem for worldwide populations. Unfortunately, efforts to cure and especially to prevent these significant global problems have so far been met with disappointment. Recently, the involvement of the gut-derived hormonal dysregulation in the development of obesity-related disturbances has been intensively studied. For instance, studies of gut-derived peptides such as peptide YY 3-36, glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin and, more recently, ghrelin have significantly improved our understanding of mechanisms underlying weight and metabolic regulation. Even though early reports of the existence of secretin, the first peptide hormone to be described, date back as far as 1825, so much and yet so little is still known about its physiological role in mammals, including humans. However, recent years have provided a better understanding of how the release of secretin is regulated by enteral secretagogues. On the other hand, most basic questions about its role in the post-prandial regulation of metabolic functions in normal and pathophysiological conditions remain to be elucidated. The present work intends to review the physiology of secretin along with its central and peripheral outcomes on metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H St-Pierre
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Molinette, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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17
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ThanThan S, Mekaru C, Seki N, Hidaka K, ThidarMyint H, Kuwayama H. Endogenous ghrelin released in response to endothelin stimulates growth hormone secretion in cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2010; 38:1-12. [PMID: 19733462 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether circulating ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in cattle are regulated by endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin-3 (ET-3), and secretin. Six Holstein steers (242+/-1 d old, 280.5+/-4.4 kg body weight [BW]; mean+/-SEM) were allocated randomly in an incomplete Latin square design to receive each of 4 treatment compounds (vehicle, ET-1, ET-3, and secretin) with 1-d intervals between successive treatments. The treatment compounds were injected intravenously via a catheter inserted into the external jugular vein of each steer. Blood was sampled from the indwelling catheter at -30, -15, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min. Plasma ghrelin and GH responses to the treatment compounds were measured by a double-antibody radioimmunoassay system. Data were analyzed by using a MIXED procedure of SAS, version 9.1. Plasma acyl ghrelin, total ghrelin, and GH concentrations were increased by both ET-1 and ET-3 injection (ET-1 injection: 311+/-15 pg/mL vs 245+/-15 pg/mL, 2.4+/-0.2 ng/mL vs 1.61+/-0.05 ng/mL, 4.73+/-0.92 ng/mL vs 1.17+/-0.09 ng/mL for acyl ghrelin, total ghrelin, and GH, respectively; ET-3 injection: 337+/-27 pg/mL vs 245+/-15 pg/mL, 2.6+/-0.1 ng/mL vs 1.61+/-0.05 ng/mL, 5.56+/-0.97 ng/mL vs 1.17+/-0.09 ng/mL for acyl ghrelin, total ghrelin, and GH, respectively; P<0.01). Ghrelin and GH concentrations were not changed by secretin injection throughout the experimental periods. These results indicate that ET-1 and ET-3 stimulate ghrelin and GH secretion in cattle and demonstrate for the first time that endogenous ghrelin released in response to endothelin injection stimulates GH secretion in vivo in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S ThanThan
- Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
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Abstract
Alcohol exposure during brain development induces neuronal cell death in the brain. Several neuroactive peptides have been shown to protect against alcohol-induced cell death. Secretin is a peptide hormone, and the secretin receptor is expressed in the gut and the brain. To explore a potential role of secretin signal against ethanol neurotoxicity during brain development, secretin receptor-deficient mice were exposed to ethanol on postnatal day 4. We identified significant ethanol-induced apoptosis in the external granular layer of the secretin receptor-deficient cerebellum and in the striatum after ethanol treatment. During the early postnatal period, there is a proliferation of granular cell progenitors that reside in the external granular layer. The results suggest that secretin signal plays a neuroprotective role of neuronal progenitor cells against the neurotoxicity of ethanol.
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Onoue S, Hanato J, Yamada S. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide attenuates streptozotocin-induced apoptotic death of RIN-m5F cells through regulation of Bcl-2 family protein mRNA expression. FEBS J 2008; 275:5542-51. [PMID: 18959742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, followed by the apoptotic death of pancreatic beta cells, is considered to be one of causative agents in the evolution of the type 2 diabetic state; therefore, the protection of beta cells can comprise an efficacious strategy for preventing type 2 diabetes. In the present study, RIN-m5F cells (i.e. the rat insulinoma beta cell line) were stimulated with streptozotocin, resulting in a time- and concentration-dependent release of lactate dehydrogenase. There appeared to be significant apoptotic cell death after 2 h of treatment with streptozotocin at 10 mM, as demonstrated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling staining and 2.6-fold activation of cellular caspase-3, an apoptotic enzyme. By contrast, some neuropeptides of the glucagon-secretin family and coenzyme Q(10), an endogenous mitochondrial antioxidant, could attenuate streptozotocin cytotoxicity, and especially pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), at a concentration of 10(-7) M, exhibited 34% attenuation of lactate dehydrogenase release from streptozotocin-treated RIN-m5F cells. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments indicated the inhibitory effect of PACAP on streptozotocin-evoked up-regulation of pro-apoptotic factor (Noxa and Bax) and a 2.3-fold enhancement of Bcl-2 mRNA expression, a pro-survival protein, was also observed after addition of PACAP. The data obtained suggest the anti-apoptotic role of PACAP in streptozotocin-treated RIN-m5F cells through the regulation of pro-apoptotic and pro-survival factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan.
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Yamagata T, Urano H, Weeber E, Nelson D, Nishijima I. Impaired hippocampal synaptic function in secretin deficient mice. Neuroscience 2008; 154:1417-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lam IPY, Siu FKY, Chu JYS, Chow BKC. Multiple actions of secretin in the human body. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2008; 265:159-90. [PMID: 18275888 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(07)65004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of secretin initiated the field of endocrinology. Over the past century, multiple gastrointestinal functions of secretin have been extensively studied, and it was discovered that the principal function of this peptide in the gastrointestinal system is to facilitate digestion and to provide protection. In view of the late identification of secretin and the secretin receptor in various tissues, including the central nervous system, the pleiotropic functions of secretin have more recently been an area of intense focus. Secretin is a classical hormone, and recent studies clearly showed secretin's involvement in neural and neuroendocrine pathways, although the neuroactivity and neural regulation of its release are yet to be elucidated. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pleiotropic actions of secretin with a special focus on the hormonal and neural interdependent pathways that mediate these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Y Lam
- Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Nishijima I, Yamagata T, Spencer CM, Weeber EJ, Alekseyenko O, Sweatt JD, Momoi MY, Ito M, Armstrong DL, Nelson DL, Paylor R, Bradley A. Secretin receptor-deficient mice exhibit impaired synaptic plasticity and social behavior. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:3241-50. [PMID: 17008357 PMCID: PMC2593392 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretin is a peptide hormone released from the duodenum to stimulate the secretion of digestive juice by the pancreas. Secretin also functions as a neuropeptide hormone in the brain, and exogenous administration has been reported to alleviate symptoms in some patients with autism. We have generated secretin receptor-deficient mice to explore the relationship between secretin signaling in the brain and behavioral phenotypes. Secretin receptor-deficient mice are overtly normal and fertile; however, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus is impaired and there are slightly fewer dendritic spines in the CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Furthermore, secretin receptor-deficient mice show abnormal social and cognitive behaviors. These findings suggest that the secretin receptor system has an important role in the central nervous system relating to social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiko Nishijima
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, Columbus Children's Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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Zhao Q, Boismenu R, Rusche JR, Holmes GL. Lack of effect of secretin on kindling and seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2006; 9:46-50. [PMID: 16723277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Secretin infused into rats activates neurons located in brain areas controlling autonomic function and emotion. The brain activity of secretin is mediated, at least in part, through vagal pathways. It is known that afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve results in considerable antiepileptic effects. Whether or not secretin has an effect on seizures is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of secretin as an antiepileptogenic agent in electrical kindling and as an anticonvulsant in fully kindled seizures. To assess antiepileptogenic effects, we administered secretin (10, 30, or 100 microg/kg/dose) or normal saline intravenously 5 min before twice-daily kindling stimulation. To assess the anticonvulsant effect of secretin, we administered either normal saline or secretin (100 microg/kg/dose) 5 min before the electrical stimulation to fully kindled rats. We observed no effect on kindling rate or afterdischarge duration. In fully kindled rats, secretin administration had no effect on kindling stage or afterdischarge duration. Thus, in the dose range used in this preliminary acute treatment study, secretin had no discernible antiepileptogenic or anticonvulsant effects. Secretin was very well tolerated in this multidose protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Neuroscience Center at Dartmouth, Section of Neurology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Abstract
There is increasing interest in the role played by secretin in the central nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that this peptide is widely expressed in the brain but some areas, notably the cerebellum, show a prominent expression of the peptide and its specific receptor. In this article we summarize our current understanding of the expression pattern and action of secretin in the cerebellum. We discuss the findings supporting the endogenous release of this peptide from Purkinje neurons and its role as a retrograde messenger modulating GABAergic synaptic transmission via multiple mechanisms. In addition, we would like to propose other possible, but still to be confirmed, functions of secretin in the cerebellum..
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Ho Yung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Welch MG, Ludwig RJ, Opler M, Ruggiero DA. Secretin's role in the cerebellum: a larger biological context and implications for developmental disorders. THE CEREBELLUM 2006; 5:2-6. [PMID: 16527757 DOI: 10.1080/14734220500494677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Martin B, Lopez de Maturana R, Brenneman R, Walent T, Mattson MP, Maudsley S. Class II G protein-coupled receptors and their ligands in neuronal function and protection. Neuromolecular Med 2005; 7:3-36. [PMID: 16052036 PMCID: PMC2636744 DOI: 10.1385/nmm:7:1-2:003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play pivotal roles in regulating the function and plasticity of neuronal circuits in the nervous system. Among the myriad of GPCRs expressed in neural cells, class II GPCRs which couples predominantly to the Gs-adenylate cyclase-cAMP signaling pathway, have recently received considerable attention for their involvement in regulating neuronal survival. Neuropeptides that activate class II GPCRs include secretin, glucagon-like peptides (GLP-1 and GLP-2), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin-related peptides. Studies of patients and animal and cell culture models, have revealed possible roles for class II GPCRs signaling in the pathogenesis of several prominent neurodegenerative conditions including stroke, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Many of the peptides that activate class II GPCRs promote neuron survival by increasing the resistance of the cells to oxidative, metabolic, and excitotoxic injury. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which class II GPCRs signaling modulates neuronal survival and plasticity will likely lead to novel therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Martin
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Ageing Intramural Research Program, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Myers KM, Goulet M, Rusche J, Boismenu R, Davis M. Partial reversal of phencyclidine-induced impairment of prepulse inhibition by secretin. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 58:67-73. [PMID: 15992525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretin is a "gut-brain" peptide whose neural function is as yet poorly understood. Several clinical studies have reported modestly increased social interaction in autistic children following intravenous secretin administration. Very recently secretin also was administered to schizophrenic patients and found to increase social interaction in some individuals. METHODS In light of this finding, we assessed the ability of secretin to reverse phencyclidine- (PCP) induced impairment in prepulse inhibition (PPI), a leading animal model of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia. RESULTS Similar to atypical antipsychotics, secretin (1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 microg/kg) partially and dose-dependently reversed the PCP-induced deficit in PPI without significantly affecting baseline startle when administered intraperitoneally (IP) 10 minutes following IP administration of PCP (3 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS This finding may be relevant to observations of antipsychotic efficacy of secretin in schizophrenic patients as well as our previous report that systemically administered secretin is capable of modulating conditioned fear, even at quite low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn M Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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28
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Welch MG, Ruggiero DA. Predicted role of secretin and oxytocin in the treatment of behavioral and developmental disorders: implications for autism. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2005; 71:273-315. [PMID: 16512355 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(05)71012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha G Welch
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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29
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Clement HW, Pschibul A, Schulz E. Effects of secretin on extracellular GABA and other amino acid concentrations in the rat hippocampus. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2005; 71:239-71. [PMID: 16512354 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(05)71011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Willi Clement
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Germany
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