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Taniguchi K, Kaneko N, Wada M, Moriyama S, Nakajima S, Mimura M, Noda Y. Neurophysiological profiles of patients with bipolar disorders as probed with transcranial magnetic stimulation: A systematic review. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024. [PMID: 38932486 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Bipolar disorder (BD) has a significant impact on global health, yet its neurophysiological basis remains poorly understood. Conventional treatments have limitations, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the neurophysiology of BD for early diagnosis and novel therapeutic strategies. DESIGN Employing a systematic review approach of the PRISMA guidelines, this study assessed the usefulness and validity of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) neurophysiology in patients with BD. METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO, covering studies from January 1985 to January 2024. RESULTS Out of 6597 articles screened, nine studies met the inclusion criteria, providing neurophysiological insights into the pathophysiological basis of BD using TMS-electromyography and TMS-electroencephalography methods. Findings revealed significant neurophysiological impairments in patients with BD compared to healthy controls, specifically in cortical inhibition and excitability. In particular, short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI) was consistently diminished in BD across the studies, which suggests a fundamental impairment of cortical inhibitory function in BD. This systematic review corroborates the potential utility of TMS neurophysiology in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of BD. Specifically, the reduced cortical inhibition in the SICI paradigm observed in patients with BD suggests gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor-mediated dysfunction, but results from other TMS paradigms have been inconsistent. Thus, complex neurophysiological processes may be involved in the pathological basis underlying BD. This study demonstrated that BD has a neural basis involving impaired GABAergic function, and it is highly expected that further research on TMS neurophysiology will further elucidate the pathophysiological basis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Taniguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Kaneko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Moriyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Holtby AR, Hall TJ, McGivney BA, Han H, Murphy KJ, MacHugh DE, Katz LM, Hill EW. Integrative genomics analysis highlights functionally relevant genes for equine behaviour. Anim Genet 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/age.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Zhang T, Rao Q, Lin K, He Y, Cai J, Yang M, Xu Y, Hou L, Lin Y, Liu H. CYP2C19-rs4986893 confers risk to major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in the Han Chinese population whereas ABCB1-rs1045642 acts as a protective factor. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:69. [PMID: 36698099 PMCID: PMC9875448 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic risks may predispose individuals to major mood disorders differently. This study investigated the gene polymorphisms of previously reported candidate genes for major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) in the Han Chinese population. METHODS Twenty loci of 13 candidate genes were detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in 439 patients with MDD, 600 patients with BPD, and 464 healthy controls. The distribution of genotypes in alleles, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and genetic association were analyzed using the PLINK software. The linkage of disequilibrium and haplotype analyses were performed using the Haploview software. RESULTS Out of the 20 loci analyzed, CYP2C19-rs4986893, ABCB1-rs1045642, and SCN2A-rs17183814 passed Bonferroni correction; their statistical powers were > 55%. The minor allele frequencies (MAF) of CYP2C19-rs4986893 in the MDD group (0.0547) and BPD group (0.0533) were higher than that of the control group (0.0259, P < 0.05), leading to the odds ratios (ORs) of MDD (2.178) and BPD (2.122), respectively. In contrast, the lower MAFs of ABCB1-rs1045642 were observed in both MDD (0.3599, OR = 0.726) and BPD (0.3700, OR = 0.758) groups than controls (0.4364, P < 0.05). The MDD group had a higher MAF of SCN2A-rs17183814 than controls (0.1743 vs. 0.1207, OR = 1.538, P < 0.05). Moreover, a G-A haplotype composed by CYP2C19-rs4986893 and -rs4244285 was associated with BPD (OR = 1.361, P < 0.01), and the A-G haplotype increased the risks to both MDD (OR = 2.306, P < 0.01) and BPD (OR = 2.332, P < 0.001). The CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizer and poor metabolizer (IM&PM) status was related to the raised risk of both MDD (OR = 1.547, P < 0.01) and BPD (OR = 1.808, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the impaired CYP2C19 metabolism caused by the haplotypes integrated by CYP2C19 alleles might confer the risk to MDD and BPD, whereas the ABCB1-rs1045642 T allele serves as a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Rao
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Affective Disorder Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyin He
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintai Cai
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Yang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Hou
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haiying Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Belelli D, Hales TG, Lambert JJ, Luscher B, Olsen R, Peters JA, Rudolph U, Sieghart W. GABA A receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3. IUPHAR/BPS GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY CITE 2021; 2021. [PMID: 35005623 DOI: 10.2218/gtopdb/f72/2021.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The GABAA receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel of the Cys-loop family that includes the nicotinic acetylcholine, 5-HT3 and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors. GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition within the CNS occurs by fast synaptic transmission, sustained tonic inhibition and temporally intermediate events that have been termed 'GABAA, slow' [45]. GABAA receptors exist as pentamers of 4TM subunits that form an intrinsic anion selective channel. Sequences of six α, three β, three γ, one δ, three ρ, one ε, one π and one θ GABAA receptor subunits have been reported in mammals [278, 235, 236, 283]. The π-subunit is restricted to reproductive tissue. Alternatively spliced versions of many subunits exist (e.g. α4- and α6- (both not functional) α5-, β2-, β3- and γ2), along with RNA editing of the α3 subunit [71]. The three ρ-subunits, (ρ1-3) function as either homo- or hetero-oligomeric assemblies [359, 50]. Receptors formed from ρ-subunits, because of their distinctive pharmacology that includes insensitivity to bicuculline, benzodiazepines and barbiturates, have sometimes been termed GABAC receptors [359], but they are classified as GABA A receptors by NC-IUPHAR on the basis of structural and functional criteria [16, 235, 236]. Many GABAA receptor subtypes contain α-, β- and γ-subunits with the likely stoichiometry 2α.2β.1γ [168, 235]. It is thought that the majority of GABAA receptors harbour a single type of α- and β - subunit variant. The α1β2γ2 hetero-oligomer constitutes the largest population of GABAA receptors in the CNS, followed by the α2β3γ2 and α3β3γ2 isoforms. Receptors that incorporate the α4- α5-or α 6-subunit, or the β1-, γ1-, γ3-, δ-, ε- and θ-subunits, are less numerous, but they may nonetheless serve important functions. For example, extrasynaptically located receptors that contain α6- and δ-subunits in cerebellar granule cells, or an α4- and δ-subunit in dentate gyrus granule cells and thalamic neurones, mediate a tonic current that is important for neuronal excitability in response to ambient concentrations of GABA [209, 272, 83, 19, 288]. GABA binding occurs at the β+/α- subunit interface and the homologous γ+/α- subunits interface creates the benzodiazepine site. A second site for benzodiazepine binding has recently been postulated to occur at the α+/β- interface ([254]; reviewed by [282]). The particular α-and γ-subunit isoforms exhibit marked effects on recognition and/or efficacy at the benzodiazepine site. Thus, receptors incorporating either α4- or α6-subunits are not recognised by 'classical' benzodiazepines, such as flunitrazepam (but see [356]). The trafficking, cell surface expression, internalisation and function of GABAA receptors and their subunits are discussed in detail in several recent reviews [52, 140, 188, 316] but one point worthy of note is that receptors incorporating the γ2 subunit (except when associated with α5) cluster at the postsynaptic membrane (but may distribute dynamically between synaptic and extrasynaptic locations), whereas as those incorporating the δ subunit appear to be exclusively extrasynaptic. NC-IUPHAR [16, 235, 3, 2] class the GABAA receptors according to their subunit structure, pharmacology and receptor function. Currently, eleven native GABAA receptors are classed as conclusively identified (i.e., α1β2γ2, α1βγ2, α3βγ2, α4βγ2, α4β2δ, α4β3δ, α5βγ2, α6βγ2, α6β2δ, α6β3δ and ρ) with further receptor isoforms occurring with high probability, or only tentatively [235, 236]. It is beyond the scope of this Guide to discuss the pharmacology of individual GABAA receptor isoforms in detail; such information can be gleaned in the reviews [16, 95, 168, 173, 143, 278, 216, 235, 236] and [9, 10]. Agents that discriminate between α-subunit isoforms are noted in the table and additional agents that demonstrate selectivity between receptor isoforms, for example via β-subunit selectivity, are indicated in the text below. The distinctive agonist and antagonist pharmacology of ρ receptors is summarised in the table and additional aspects are reviewed in [359, 50, 145, 223]. Several high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures have been described in which the full-length human α1β3γ2L GABAA receptor in lipid nanodiscs is bound to the channel-blocker picrotoxin, the competitive antagonist bicuculline, the agonist GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), and the classical benzodiazepines alprazolam and diazepam [198].
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Chandler CM, Reeves-Darby J, Jones SA, McDonald JA, Li G, Rahman MT, Cook JM, Platt DM. α5GABA A subunit-containing receptors and sweetened alcohol cue-induced reinstatement and active sweetened alcohol self-administration in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1797-1806. [PMID: 30637435 PMCID: PMC6606346 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE GABAA receptors containing the α5 subunit (i.e., α5GABAA receptors) appear to be critically involved in the reinforcing and subjective effects of alcohol. Their role in alcohol relapse remains unknown. OBJECTIVES Pharmacological approaches were used to probe the role of α5GABAA receptors in alcohol seeking induced by re-exposure to a sweetened alcohol-paired cue, as well as in alcohol + sucrose vs. sucrose self-administration. METHODS For reinstatement studies, rats were trained to self-administer alcohol under a fixed-ratio schedule in which responding was maintained by alcohol + sucrose deliveries and an alcohol-paired stimulus. Sweetened alcohol seeking was extinguished by eliminating solution deliveries and the sweetened alcohol-paired stimulus. During reinstatement tests, animals received pretreatments of an α5GABAA inverse agonist (L-655,708) or an agonist (QH-ii-066) prior to sessions in which presentation of the sweetened alcohol-paired stimulus was restored, but no solution was delivered. For self-administration studies, rats were trained to self-administer alcohol + sucrose or sucrose under a fixed-ratio schedule. Once stable, animals received pretreatments of QH-ii-066, L-655,708, the inverse agonist RY-023, or naltrexone. RESULTS L-655,708 attenuated reinstatement of sweetened alcohol seeking by alcohol + sucrose-paired cues; whereas sweetened alcohol-seeking behavior was augmented by QH-ii-066, albeit at different doses in different rats. Both L-655,708 and RY-023 selectively reduced alcohol + sucrose vs. sucrose self-administration. In contrast, naltrexone reduced both alcohol + sucrose and sucrose self-administration; whereas QH-ii-066 enhanced sucrose self-administration only. CONCLUSIONS α5GABAA receptors play a key role in the modulation of sweetened alcohol cue-induced reinstatement, as well as in alcohol + sucrose but not sucrose self-administration. Inverse agonist activity at α5GABAA receptors may offer a novel strategy for both the reduction of problematic drinking and the prevention of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie M. Chandler
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Jaren Reeves-Darby
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Sherman A. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - J. Abigail McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - Md T. Rahman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - Donna M. Platt
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216,Correspondence: Donna M. Platt, Ph.D.; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA; phone: 601-984-5896; fax: 601-984-5899;
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6
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Prisciandaro JJ, Tolliver BK, Prescot AP, Brenner HM, Renshaw PF, Brown TR, Anton RF. Unique prefrontal GABA and glutamate disturbances in co-occurring bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1163. [PMID: 28675386 PMCID: PMC5538121 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) and alcohol dependence (AD) frequently co-occur, and co-occurring BD and AD are associated with devastating public health costs. Minimal neurobiological research exists to guide the development of effective treatments for this treatment-resistant population. We believe the present study represents the first investigation of prefrontal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels in co-occurring BD and current AD. The participants were 78 individuals who met DSM-IV criteria for BD I/II and current AD (n=20), BD I/II alone (n=19), current AD alone (n=20) or no diagnosis (n=19). The participants completed a baseline diagnostic visit, then returned approximately 4 days later for a two-dimensional J-resolved proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) acquisition in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). All participants were required to demonstrate ⩾1 week of abstinence from alcohol/drugs via serial biomarker testing before 1H-MRS. A 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-corrected GABA/water concentrations demonstrated a significant BD × AD interaction (F=2.91, P<0.05), signifying uniquely low levels of GABA in BD+AD; this effect doubled when the sample was restricted to individuals who consumed alcohol within 2 weeks of 1H-MRS. There were no overall effects of BD/AD on CSF-corrected glutamate/water levels. However, the BD × AD interaction, signifying uniquely low levels of glutamate in BD+AD, approached statistical significance (F=3.83, P=0.06) in individuals who consumed alcohol within 2 weeks of 1H-MRS. The dACC GABA levels were significantly, negatively associated with Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (r=-0.28, P=0.02) and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (r=-0.35, P<0.01) scores. If replicated, these results may suggest that future treatment studies should preferentially evaluate therapeutics in BD+AD known to increase prefrontal GABA and glutamate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, PO Box 250861, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. E-mail:
| | - B K Tolliver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - A P Prescot
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - H M Brenner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T R Brown
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - R F Anton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Piantadosi SC, French BJ, Poe MM, Timić T, Marković BD, Pabba M, Seney ML, Oh H, Orser BA, Savić MM, Cook JM, Sibille E. Sex-Dependent Anti-Stress Effect of an α5 Subunit Containing GABA A Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:446. [PMID: 27920723 PMCID: PMC5118774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Current first-line treatments for stress-related disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) act on monoaminergic systems and take weeks to achieve a therapeutic effect with poor response and low remission rates. Recent research has implicated the GABAergic system in the pathophysiology of depression, including deficits in interneurons targeting the dendritic compartment of cortical pyramidal cells. Objectives: The present study evaluates whether SH-053-2’F-R-CH3 (denoted “α5-PAM”), a positive allosteric modulator selective for α5-subunit containing GABAA receptors found predominantly on cortical pyramidal cell dendrites, has anti-stress effects. Methods: Female and male C57BL6/J mice were exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and treated with α5-PAM acutely (30 min prior to assessing behavior) or chronically before being assessed behaviorally. Results: Acute and chronic α5-PAM treatments produce a pattern of decreased stress-induced behaviors (denoted as “behavioral emotionality”) across various tests in female, but not in male mice. Behavioral Z-scores calculated across a panel of tests designed to best model the range and heterogeneity of human symptomatology confirmed that acute and chronic α5-PAM treatments consistently produce significant decreases in behavioral emotionality in several independent cohorts of females. The behavioral responses to α5-PAM could not be completely accounted for by differences in drug brain disposition between female and male mice. In mice exposed to UCMS, expression of the Gabra5 gene was increased in the frontal cortex after acute treatment and in the hippocampus after chronic treatment with α5-PAM in females only, and these expression changes correlated with behavioral emotionality. Conclusion: We showed that acute and chronic positive modulation of α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors elicit anti-stress effects in a sex-dependent manner, suggesting novel therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Piantadosi
- Center for Neuroscience, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beverly J French
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael M Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Tamara Timić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan D Marković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mohan Pabba
- Neurobiology of Depression and Aging, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marianne L Seney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- Center for Neuroscience, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA; Neurobiology of Depression and Aging, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beverley A Orser
- Department of Anesthesia-Department of Physiology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miroslav M Savić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Center for Neuroscience, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA; Neurobiology of Depression and Aging, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Ruiz-Veguilla M, Martín-Rodríguez JF, Palomar FJ, Porcacchia P, Álvarez de Toledo P, Perona-Garcelán S, Rodríguez-Testal JF, Huertas-Fernández I, Mir P. Trait- and state-dependent cortical inhibitory deficits in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:261-71. [PMID: 27004755 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have deficits in cortical inhibition. However, whether cortical inhibitory deficits are trait- or state-dependent impairments is not yet known and their relationship with psychiatric symptoms is not yet understood. In the present study, we examined trait- and state-dependent cortical inhibitory deficits and evaluated the potential clinical significance of these deficits. METHODS Nineteen patients with bipolar I disorder were evaluated using the paired-pulse transcranial stimulation protocol, which assessed cortical inhibition during an acute manic episode. Cortical inhibition measures were compared with those obtained in 28 demographically matched healthy controls. A follow-up assessment was performed in 15 of these patients three months later, when there was remission from their mood and psychotic symptoms. The association between cortical inhibitory measures and severity of psychiatric symptoms was also studied. RESULTS During mania, patients showed decreased short-interval intracortical and transcallosal inhibition, as well as a normal cortical silent period and long-interval cortical inhibition. These findings were the same during euthymia. Symptoms associated with motor hyperactivity were correlated negatively with the degree of cortical inhibition. These correlations were not significant when a Bonferroni correction was applied. CONCLUSIONS The present longitudinal study showed cortical inhibitory deficits in patients with BD, and supports the hypothesis that cortical inhibitory deficits in BD are trait dependent. Further research is necessary to confirm the clinical significance of these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- Grupo Neurodesarrollo y Psicosis, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla/UGC Salud Mental HVR, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Martín-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Palomar
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Paolo Porcacchia
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Paloma Álvarez de Toledo
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Salvador Perona-Garcelán
- Grupo Neurodesarrollo y Psicosis, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla/UGC Salud Mental HVR, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Testal
- Grupo Neurodesarrollo y Psicosis, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla/UGC Salud Mental HVR, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ismael Huertas-Fernández
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain
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9
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Sikoglu EM, Navarro AAL, Starr D, Dvir Y, Nwosu BU, Czerniak SM, Rogan RC, Castro MC, Edden RAE, Frazier JA, Moore CM. Vitamin D3 Supplemental Treatment for Mania in Youth with Bipolar Spectrum Disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2015; 25:415-24. [PMID: 26091195 PMCID: PMC4491165 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2014.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effect of an open-label 8 week Vitamin D3 supplementation on manic symptoms, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in youth exhibiting symptoms of mania; that is, patients with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). We hypothesized that an 8 week Vitamin D3 supplementation would improve symptoms of mania, decrease ACC glutamate, and increase ACC GABA in BSD patients. Single time point metabolite levels were also evaluated in typically developing children (TD). METHODS The BSD group included patients not only diagnosed with BD but also those exhibiting bipolar symptomology, including BD not otherwise specified (BD-NOS) and subthreshold mood ratings (Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS] ≥8 and Clinical Global Impressions - Severity [CGI-S] ≥3). Inclusion criteria were: male or female participants, 6-17 years old. Sixteen youth with BSD exhibiting manic symptoms and 19 TD were included. BSD patients were asked to a take daily dose (2000 IU) of Vitamin D3 (for 8 weeks) as a supplement. Neuroimaging data were acquired in both groups at baseline, and also for the BSD group at the end of 8 week Vitamin D3 supplementation. RESULTS Baseline ACC GABA/creatine (Cr) was lower in BSD than in TD (F[1,31]=8.91, p=0.007). Following an 8 week Vitamin D3 supplementation, in BSD patients, there was a significant decrease in YMRS scores (t=-3.66, p=0.002, df=15) and Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) scores (t=-2.93, p=0.01, df=15); and a significant increase in ACC GABA (t=3.18, p=0.007, df=14). CONCLUSIONS Following an 8 week open label trial with Vitamin D3, BSD patients exhibited improvement in their mood symptoms in conjunction with their brain neurochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif M. Sikoglu
- Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Child and Adolescent NeuroDevelopment Initiative, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Ana A. Liso Navarro
- Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Child and Adolescent NeuroDevelopment Initiative, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Debra Starr
- Child and Adolescent NeuroDevelopment Initiative, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yael Dvir
- Child and Adolescent NeuroDevelopment Initiative, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Udoka Nwosu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne M. Czerniak
- Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan C. Rogan
- Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Martha C. Castro
- Child and Adolescent NeuroDevelopment Initiative, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jean A. Frazier
- Child and Adolescent NeuroDevelopment Initiative, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Constance M. Moore
- Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Child and Adolescent NeuroDevelopment Initiative, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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10
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Hu G, Wei B, Wang L, Wang L, Kong D, Jin Y, Sun Z. Analysis of gene expression profiles associated with glioma progression. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1884-90. [PMID: 25845910 PMCID: PMC4464167 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate changes at the transcript level that are associated with spontaneous astrocytoma progression, and further, to discover novel targets for glioma diagnosis and therapy. GSE4290 microarray data downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DGEs) by significant analysis of microarray (SAM). The Short Time Series Expression Miner (STEM) method was then applied to class these DEGs based on their degrees of differentiation in the process of tumor progression. Finally, EnrichNet was used to perform the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis based on a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. A total of 4,506 DEGs were detected, and the number of DEGs was the highest in grade IV cells (2,580 DEGs). These DEGs were classified into nine clusters by the STEM method. In total, 11 KEGG pathways with XD-scores larger than the threshold (0.96) were obtained. The DEGs enriched in pathways 1 (extracellular matrix-receptor interaction), 3 (phagosome) and 6 (type I diabetes mellitus) mainly belonged to cluster 5. Pathway 2 (long-term potentiation), 4 (Vibrio cholerae infection) and 5 (epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection) was involved with DEGs that belonged to different clusters. Significant changes in gene expression occurred during glioma progression. Pathways 1, 3 and 6 may be important for the deterioration of glioma into glioblastoma, and pathways 2, 4 and 5 may have a role at each stage during glioma progression. The associated DEGs, including SV2, NMDAR and mGluRs, may be suitable as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhang Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Opthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Daliang Kong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Oilfield General Hospital, Songyuan 131200, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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11
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Leoni A, Locatelli A, Morigi R, Rambaldi M. Novel thiazole derivatives: a patent review (2008 – 2012. Part 2). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:759-77. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.910196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Brady RO, McCarthy JM, Prescot AP, Jensen JE, Cooper AJ, Cohen BM, Renshaw PF, Ongür D. Brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2013; 15:434-9. [PMID: 23634979 PMCID: PMC5504910 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) abnormalities have been implicated in bipolar disorder. However, due to discrepant studies measuring postmortem, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and in vivo brain levels of GABA, the nature of these abnormalities is unclear. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we investigated tissue levels of GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex and parieto-occipital cortex of participants with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. METHODS Fourteen stably medicated euthymic outpatients with bipolar disorder type I (mean age 32.6 years, eight male) and 14 healthy control participants (mean age 36.9 years, 10 male) completed a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan at 4-Tesla after providing informed consent. We collected data from two 16.7-mL voxels using MEGAPRESS, and they were analyzed using LCModel. RESULTS GABA/creatine ratios were elevated in bipolar disorder participants compared to healthy controls [F(1,21) = 4.4, p = 0.048] in the anterior cingulate cortex (25.1% elevation) and the parieto-occipital cortex (14.6% elevation). Bipolar disorder participants not taking GABA-modulating medications demonstrated greater GABA/creatine elevations than patients taking GABA-modulating medications. CONCLUSIONS We found higher GABA/creatine levels in euthymic bipolar disorder outpatients compared to healthy controls, and the extent of this elevation may be affected by the use of GABA-modulating medications. Our findings suggest that elevated brain GABA levels in bipolar disorder may be associated with GABAergic dysfunction and that GABA-modulating medications reduce GABA levels in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roscoe O Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth-Israel Deaconess Hospital,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Julie M McCarthy
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Andrew P Prescot
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - J Eric Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School,Brain Imaging Center
| | | | - Bruce M Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School,Shervert Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Brain Institute, University of Utah,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dost Ongür
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Shervert Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
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13
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Clément Y, Prut L, Saurini F, Mineur YS, Le Guisquet AM, Védrine S, Andres C, Vodjdani G, Belzung C. Gabra5-gene haplotype block associated with behavioral properties of the full agonist benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide. Behav Brain Res 2012; 233:474-82. [PMID: 22677273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The gabra5 gene is associated with pharmacological properties (myorelaxant, amnesic, anxiolytic) of benzodiazepines. It is tightly located (0.5 cM) close to the pink-eyed dilution (p) locus which encodes for fur color on mouse chromosome 7. We tested the putative role of the gabra5 gene in pharmacological properties of the full non specific agonist chlordiazepoxide (CDP), using behavioral and molecular approaches in mutated p/p mice and wild type F2 from crosses between two multiple markers inbred strain ABP/Le and C57BL/6By strain. From our results, using rotarod, light-dark box, elevated maze and radial arm maze tests, we demonstrate that p/p mice are more sensitive than WT to the sensory motor, anxiolytic and amnesic effect of CDP. This is associated with the presence of a haplotypic block on the murine chromosome 7 and with an up regulation of gabra5 mRNAs in hippocampi of p/p F2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Clément
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, 75651 Paris Cedex, France.
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14
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Albert FW, Hodges E, Jensen JD, Besnier F, Xuan Z, Rooks M, Bhattacharjee A, Brizuela L, Good JM, Green RE, Burbano HA, Plyusnina IZ, Trut L, Andersson L, Schöneberg T, Carlborg O, Hannon GJ, Pääbo S. Targeted resequencing of a genomic region influencing tameness and aggression reveals multiple signals of positive selection. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 107:205-14. [PMID: 21304545 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the causative genetic variants in quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing phenotypic traits is challenging, especially in crosses between outbred strains. We have previously identified several QTL influencing tameness and aggression in a cross between two lines of wild-derived, outbred rats (Rattus norvegicus) selected for their behavior towards humans. Here, we use targeted sequence capture and massively parallel sequencing of all genes in the strongest QTL in the founder animals of the cross. We identify many novel sequence variants, several of which are potentially functionally relevant. The QTL contains several regions where either the tame or the aggressive founders contain no sequence variation, and two regions where alternative haplotypes are fixed between the founders. A re-analysis of the QTL signal showed that the causative site is likely to be fixed among the tame founder animals, but that several causative alleles may segregate among the aggressive founder animals. Using a formal test for the detection of positive selection, we find 10 putative positively selected regions, some of which are close to genes known to influence behavior. Together, these results show that the QTL is probably not caused by a single selected site, but may instead represent the joint effects of several sites that were targets of polygenic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Albert
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Yin W, Majumder S, Clayton T, Petrou S, VanLinn ML, Namjoshi OA, Ma C, Cromer BA, Roth BL, Platt DM, Cook JM. Design, synthesis, and subtype selectivity of 3,6-disubstituted β-carbolines at Bz/GABA(A)ergic receptors. SAR and studies directed toward agents for treatment of alcohol abuse. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:7548-64. [PMID: 20888240 PMCID: PMC2972656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3,6-disubstituted β-carbolines was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro affinities at α(x)β(3)γ(2) GABA(A)/benzodiazepine receptor subtypes by radioligand binding assays in search of α(1) subtype selective ligands to treat alcohol abuse. Analogues of β-carboline-3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester (βCCt, 1) were synthesized via a CDI-mediated process and the related 6-substituted β-carboline-3-carboxylates 6 including WYS8 (7) were synthesized via a Sonogashira or Stille coupling processes from 6-iodo-βCCt (5). The bivalent ligands of βCCt (32 and 33) were also designed and prepared via a palladium-catalyzed homocoupling process to expand the structure-activity relationships (SAR) to larger ligands. Based on the pharmacophore/receptor model, a preliminary SAR study on 34 analogues illustrated that large substituents at position-6 of the β-carbolines were well tolerated. As expected, these groups are proposed to project into the extracellular domain (L(Di) region) of GABA(A)/Bz receptors (see 32 and 33). Moreover, substituents located at position-3 of the β-carboline nucleus exhibited a conserved stereo interaction in lipophilic pocket L(1), while N(2) presumably underwent a hydrogen bonding interaction with H(1). Three novel β-carboline ligands (βCCt, 3PBC and WYS8), which preferentially bound to α1 BzR subtypes permitted a comparison of the pharmacological efficacies with a range of classical BzR antagonists (flumazenil, ZK93426) from several different structural groups and indicated these β-carbolines were 'near GABA neutral antagonists'. Based on the SAR, the most potent (in vitro) α(1) selective ligand was the 6-substituted acetylenyl βCCt (WYS8, 7). Earlier both βCCt and 3PBC had been shown to reduce alcohol self-administration in alcohol preferring (P) and high alcohol drinking (HAD) rats but had little or no effect on sucrose self-administration.(1-3) Moreover, these two β-carbolines were orally active, and in addition, were anxiolytic in P rats but were only weakly anxiolytic in rodents. These data prompted the synthesis of the β-carbolines presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Medical School and School of Pharmacy and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, 120 Mason Farm Road, 4072 Genetics Medicine Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365
| | - Terry Clayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413
| | - Steven Petrou
- Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael L. VanLinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413
| | | | - Chunrong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413
| | - Brett A. Cromer
- Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Medical School and School of Pharmacy and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, 120 Mason Farm Road, 4072 Genetics Medicine Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365
| | - Donna M. Platt
- Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, One Pine Hill Drive, Box 9102, Southborough, MA 01772-9102
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413
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16
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Hill KG, Hawkins JD, Bailey JA, Catalano RF, Abbott RD, Shapiro VB. Person-environment interaction in the prediction of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence in adulthood. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 110:62-9. [PMID: 20299164 PMCID: PMC2885447 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral disinhibition (externalizing/impulsivity) and behavioral inhibition (internalizing/anxiety) may contribute to the development of alcohol abuse and dependence. But tests of person-by-environment interactions in predicting alcohol use disorders are needed. This study examined the extent to which interactions between behavioral disinhibition, behavioral inhibition and family management during adolescence predict alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence at age 27. METHODS This study used longitudinal data from a community sample of 808 men and women interviewed from ages 10 to 27 in the Seattle Social Development Project. Zero-order correlations followed by a series of nested regressions examined the relationships between individual characteristics (behavioral disinhibition and behavioral inhibition/anxiety) and environment (good vs. poor family management practices during adolescence) in predicting alcohol abuse and dependence criterion counts at age 27. RESULTS Behavioral disinhibition and poor family management predicted increased likelihood of both alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence at age 27. Behavioral inhibition/anxiety was unrelated to both outcomes. Youths high in behavioral disinhibition were at increased risk for later alcohol abuse and dependence only in consistently poorly managed family environments. In consistently well-managed families, high levels of behavioral disinhibition did not increase risk for later alcohol abuse or dependence. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral disinhibition increases risk for alcohol abuse and dependence in early adulthood only for individuals who experience poor family management during adolescence. Interventions seeking to reduce environmental risks by strengthening consistent positive family management practices may prevent later alcohol abuse and dependence among individuals at risk due to behavioral disinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
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17
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Mariotti V, Melissari E, Amar S, Conte A, Belmaker RH, Agam G, Pellegrini S. Effect of prolonged phenytoin administration on rat brain gene expression assessed by DNA microarrays. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:300-10. [PMID: 20404047 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2009.009225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preliminary clinical trials have recently shown that phenytoin, an antiepileptic drug, may also be beneficial for treatment of bipolar disorder. To examine molecular mechanisms of action of phenytoin as a potential mood stabilizer, DNA microarrays were used to study the effect of phenytoin on gene expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats. While our particular interest is in bipolar disorder, this is the first DNA microarray study on the effect of phenytoin in brain tissue, in general. As compared with control rats, treated rats had 508 differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus and 62 in the frontal cortex. Phenytoin modulated the expression of genes which may affect neurotransmission, e.g. glutamate decarboxylase 1 (Gad1) and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor, alpha 5 (Gabra5). Phenytoin also exerted an effect on neuroprotection-related genes, namely the survival-promoting and antioxidant genes v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (Akt1), FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1 (Frap1), glutathione reductase (Gsr) and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc). The expression of genes potentially associated with mechanisms of mood regulation such as adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (Cap1), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (Gfap) and prodynorphin (Pdyn) was also altered. Some of the above genes are regarded as targets of classical mood stabilizers and their modulation supports the clinical observation that phenytoin may have mood-stabilizing effects. The results may provide new insights regarding the mechanism of action of phenytoin and genes found differentially expressed following phenytoin administration may play a role in the pathophysiology of either bipolar disorder or epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mariotti
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Medical Biotechnology, Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, University of Pisa, Italy
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18
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Yosifova A, Mushiroda T, Stoianov D, Vazharova R, Dimova I, Karachanak S, Zaharieva I, Milanova V, Madjirova N, Gerdjikov I, Tolev T, Velkova S, Kirov G, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Toncheva D, Nakamura Y. Case-control association study of 65 candidate genes revealed a possible association of a SNP of HTR5A to be a factor susceptible to bipolar disease in Bulgarian population. J Affect Disord 2009; 117:87-97. [PMID: 19328558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is a psychiatric illness characterized by episodes of mania and depression. Although the etiology is not clear, epidemiological studies suggest it is a result of an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Despite of enormous efforts and abundant studies conducted, none has yet been identified definitively a gene susceptible to bipolar disorder. METHODS Ninety-four Bulgarian patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 184 Bulgarian healthy individuals, were used for genotyping of 191 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by TaqMan and/or Invader assays. Seventeen SNPs that revealed P value less than 0.05 in the first screening were genotyped using an additional independent set of samples, consisting of 78 BAD cases and 372 controls. RESULTS After applying the Bonferonni correction on genotyping results of 172 cases and 556 controls, only one SNP, rs1800883, in the HTR5A gene revealed a significant level of P value (P=0.000097; odds ratio=1.80 (95%CI, 1.27-2.54); corrected P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HTR5A gene could play an important role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder in our population. However these findings should be viewed with caution and replication studies in other populations are necessary in support of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Yosifova
- Laboratory for International Alliance, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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19
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Kaufman RE, Ostacher MJ, Marks EH, Simon NM, Sachs GS, Jensen JE, Renshaw PF, Pollack MH. Brain GABA levels in patients with bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:427-34. [PMID: 19171176 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A growing body of research supports an important role for GABA in the pathophysiology of bipolar and other mood disorders. The purpose of the current study was to directly examine brain GABA levels in a clinical sample of bipolar patients. GENERAL METHODS We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to examine whole brain and regional GABA, glutamate and glutamine in 13 patients with bipolar disorder compared to a matched group of 11 healthy controls. FINDINGS There were no significant differences in GABA, glutamate or glutamine between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to better characterize the GABAergic and glutamatergic effects of pharmacotherapy, anxiety comorbidity and clinical state in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Kaufman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02114, United States
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20
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Verhoeven WMA, Tuinier S. Clinical perspectives on the genetics of schizophrenia: a bottom-up orientation. Neurotox Res 2009; 14:141-50. [PMID: 19073422 DOI: 10.1007/bf03033806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenomenology has been the reference point that investigators have used in their efforts to understand schizophrenia. Although symptoms and signs are crucial for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, there is an ongoing debate since Kraepelin attempted to group symptoms to understand the etiology of schizophrenia. Several operational criteria have been developed to establish the diagnosis of schizophrenia, making it obvious that there are no precise symptomatological boundaries. There is little clear indication which of the systems is valid for genetic and other biological research. Despite the enormous effort to find a linkage between schizophrenia and one or more loci, the results are far from conclusive. Another approach is the search for candidate genes of which DICS1 and 22q11 deletion syndrome are examples. In all studies into the genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia, however, the clinical vantage point is neglected in that a broad clinical phenotype with respect to, e.g., developmental issues, symptoms and comorbidity is narrowed down to one categorical diagnosis. This is illustrated by the lack of exclusion criteria in genetic studies and by the occurrence of schizophrenia-like psychoses in a broad array of genetic syndromes. In case of 22q11 deletion syndrome, the psychotic symptoms emerge in the context of brain anomalies, a plethora of somatic abnormalities and specific neurocognitive deficits. Prader-Willi syndrome is a hypothalamic disorder in which psychotic symptoms may occur that resemble schizophrenia. It is concluded that not only schizophrenia is a highly variable disease but that the genetic samples are even much more heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem M A Verhoeven
- Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, Venray, The Netherlands.
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21
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Xu C, Li PP, Cooke RG, Parikh SV, Wang K, Kennedy JL, Warsh JJ. TRPM2 variants and bipolar disorder risk: confirmation in a family-based association study. Bipolar Disord 2009; 11:1-10. [PMID: 19133961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2008.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent case-control studies implicate the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel in conferring risk for bipolar disorder (BD), though the risk variants differed. As confounding effects of population structure could not be unequivocally ruled out as the basis for the discordance, we tested the association of TRPM2 with BD in a family design, which is immune to population stratification, for those TRPM2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported as associated with BD. METHODS The exon 11 SNP (rs1556314) and four informative intronic SNPs (rs1785437, rs1618355, rs933151, and rs749909) were genotyped in 300 BD families by TaqMan allelic discrimination and results were analyzed using chi(2) test, transmission disequilibrium test, and pedigree-based association. SNP rs1556314 was also genotyped in our case-control sample set comprised of 184 BD and 195 healthy Caucasian subjects. RESULTS The SNP rs1556314 in exon 11 was significantly associated with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) (p = 0.011, p(permutation) = 0.015) in the case-control dataset and in the family design (p = 0.018, p(permutation) = 0.052, TDTPHASE). Interestingly, the C-T-A haplotype of SNPs rs1618355, rs933151, and rs749909 was significantly associated with early age at onset in BD-I families. CONCLUSION Significant association of TRPM2 genetic variants with BD in case-control and family datasets further supports a role for TRPM2 in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Overtransmission of the G allele of rs1556314 at exon 11 of TRPM2 in BD-I but not bipolar disorder type II (BD-II) further supports different genetic contributions to the pathogenesis of these bipolar phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Serretti A, Mandelli L. The genetics of bipolar disorder: genome 'hot regions,' genes, new potential candidates and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:742-71. [PMID: 18332878 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a complex disorder caused by a number of liability genes interacting with the environment. In recent years, a large number of linkage and association studies have been conducted producing an extremely large number of findings often not replicated or partially replicated. Further, results from linkage and association studies are not always easily comparable. Unfortunately, at present a comprehensive coverage of available evidence is still lacking. In the present paper, we summarized results obtained from both linkage and association studies in BP. Further, we indicated new potential interesting genes, located in genome 'hot regions' for BP and being expressed in the brain. We reviewed published studies on the subject till December 2007. We precisely localized regions where positive linkage has been found, by the NCBI Map viewer (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/); further, we identified genes located in interesting areas and expressed in the brain, by the Entrez gene, Unigene databases (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/) and Human Protein Reference Database (http://www.hprd.org); these genes could be of interest in future investigations. The review of association studies gave interesting results, as a number of genes seem to be definitively involved in BP, such as SLC6A4, TPH2, DRD4, SLC6A3, DAOA, DTNBP1, NRG1, DISC1 and BDNF. A number of promising genes, which received independent confirmations, and genes that have to be further investigated in BP, have been also systematically listed. In conclusion, the combination of linkage and association approaches provided a number of liability genes. Nevertheless, other approaches are required to disentangle conflicting findings, such as gene interaction analyses, interaction with psychosocial and environmental factors and, finally, endophenotype investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serretti
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Genes and networks expressed in perioperative omental adipose tissue are correlated with weight loss from Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32:1395-406. [PMID: 18645576 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gastric bypass surgery is the most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedure in the United States. Variable weight loss following this relatively standardized intervention has been reported. To date, a method for reliable profiling of patients who will successfully sustain weight loss for the long term has not been established. In addition, the mechanisms of action in accomplishing major weight loss as well as the explanation for the variable weight loss have not been established. OBJECTIVE To examine whether gene expression in perioperative omental adipose is associated with gastric bypass-induced weight loss. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of gene expression in perisurgical omental adipose tissues taken/available at the time of operation and total excess weight loss (EWL). SUBJECTS Fifteen overweight individuals who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery at the University of California Davis Medical Center (BMI: 40.6-72.8 kg/m(2)). MEASUREMENTS Body weight before and following weight stabilization 18-42 months after surgery. Perioperative omental adipose RNA isolated from 15 subjects was hybridized to Affymetrix HG-U133A chips for 22,283 transcript expression measurements. RESULTS Downstream analysis identified a set of genes whose expression was significantly correlated with RYGB-induced weight loss. The significant individual genes include acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), phosphodiesterase 3A cGMP-inhibited (PDE3A) and protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit (PRKAB1). Specifically, ACOX1 plays a role in fatty acid metabolism. PDE3A is involved in purine metabolism and hormone-stimulated lipolysis. PRKAB1 is involved in adipocytokine signaling pathway. Gene network analysis revealed that pathways for glycerolipid metabolism, breast cancer and apoptosis were significantly correlated with long-term weight loss. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that RNA expression profiles from perioperative adipose tissue are associated with weight loss outcome following RYGB surgery. Our data suggest that EWL could be predicted from preoperative samples, which would allow for informed decisions about whether or not to proceed to surgery.
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Ivleva E, Thaker G, Tamminga CA. Comparing genes and phenomenology in the major psychoses: schizophrenia and bipolar 1 disorder. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34:734-42. [PMID: 18515820 PMCID: PMC2632452 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Gunvant Thaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 214-645-2789; fax: 214-645-2786, e-mail:
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Delong R. GABA(A) receptor alpha5 subunit as a candidate gene for autism and bipolar disorder: a proposed endophenotype with parent-of-origin and gain-of-function features,with or without oculocutaneous albinism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2007; 11:135-47. [PMID: 17353214 DOI: 10.1177/1362361307075705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier family history studies of individuals with autism found a high incidence of major affective disorder, especially bipolar disorder, and unusual talents or intellectual abilities among family members. We now describe a subgroup of such families, selected from a large clinical experience, illustrating specific features of major affective disorder, special talents or intellectual ability, and familial patterns of trait transmission, with the additional feature of oculocutaneous albinism in some cases. These observations, suggesting parent-of-origin and gain-of-function effects, considered together with recent genetic findings in the literature, suggest a genetic hypothesis possibly unifying disparate observations found in families of individuals with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Delong
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Abstract
In this review, all papers relevant to the molecular genetics of bipolar disorder published from 2004 to the present (mid 2006) are reviewed, and major results on depression are summarized. Several candidate genes for schizophrenia may also be associated with bipolar disorder: G72, DISC1, NRG1, RGS4, NCAM1, DAO, GRM3, GRM4, GRIN2B, MLC1, SYNGR1, and SLC12A6. Of these, association with G72 may be most robust. However, G72 haplotypes and polymorphisms associated with bipolar disorder are not consistent with each other. The positional candidate approach showed an association between bipolar disorder and TRPM2 (21q22.3), GPR50 (Xq28), Citron (12q24), CHMP1.5 (18p11.2), GCHI (14q22-24), MLC1 (22q13), GABRA5 (15q11-q13), BCR (22q11), CUX2, FLJ32356 (12q23-q24), and NAPG (18p11). Studies that focused on mood disorder comorbid with somatic symptoms, suggested roles for the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 3644 mutation and the POLG mutation. From gene expression analysis, PDLIM5, somatostatin, and the mtDNA 3243 mutation were found to be related to bipolar disorder. Whereas most previous positive findings were not supported by subsequent studies, DRD1 and IMPA2 have been implicated in follow-up studies. Several candidate genes in the circadian rhythm pathway, BmaL1, TIMELESS, and PERIOD3, are reported to be associated with bipolar disorder. Linkage studies show many new linkage loci. In depression, the previously reported positive finding of a gene-environmental interaction between HTTLPR (insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter of a serotonin transporter) and stress was not replicated. Although the role of the TPH2 mutation in depression had drawn attention previously, this has not been replicated either. Pharmacogenetic studies show a relationship between antidepressant response and HTR2A or FKBP5. New technologies for comprehensive genomic analysis have already been applied. HTTLPR and BDNF promoter polymorphisms are now found to be more complex than previously thought, and previous papers on these polymorphisms should be treated with caution. Finally, this report addresses some possible causes for the lack of replication in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Dhossche DM, Rout U. Are Autistic and Catatonic Regression Related? A Few Working Hypotheses Involving Gaba, Purkinje Cell Survival, Neurogenesis, and ECT. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2006; 72:55-79. [PMID: 16697291 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(05)72004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Autistic regression seems to occur in about a quarter of children with autism. Its cause is unknown. Late-onset autistic regression, that is, after 2 years of age, shares some features with catatonic regression. A working hypothesis is developed that some children with autistic regression suffer from early-onset catatonic regression. This hypothesis cannot be answered from current data and is difficult to address in clinical studies in the absence of definite markers of autistic and catatonic regression. Treatment implications are theoretical and involve the potential use of anticatatonic treatments for autistic regression. Focus is on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)--an established but controversial treatment that is viewed by many, but not all, as the most effective treatment for severe, life-threatening catatonic regression. Clinical trials of ECT in early- or late-onset autistic regression in children have not been done yet. The effects of electroconvulsive seizures--the experimental analogue of ECT--should also be tested in gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic animal models of autistic regression, autism, catatonia, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Purkinje cell survival and neurogenesis are putative outcome measures in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Marcel Dhossche
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
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Chagnon YC. Shared Susceptibility Region On Chromosome 15 Between Autism And Catatonia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2006; 72:165-78. [PMID: 16697297 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(05)72010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have compiled significant linkage results from 20 genome scans for the autism syndrome disorder (ASD) and 2 for catatonia in schizophrenia (SZ). Localization of the markers has been updated across the studies using the same cytological (Genetic Location Database), physical (National Center for Biological Information), and genetic (Marshfield) maps. Eight autosomal chromosomes (1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 13, 15, and 17) showed significant linkages with ASD, and one with catatonia (15). Chromosome 15 was further characterized for SZ genome scans (N = 4) since catatonia was observed in SZ patients, for candidate genes for ASD and catatonia, and for the numerous chromosomal rearrangement and abnormalities associated to ASD. From these results, we observed that four potential susceptibility regions for ASD could be observed on chromosome 15 at 15q11-q13, 15q14-q21, 15q22-q23, and 15q26, respectively. All the four regions were shared between ASD and SZ, with 15q15-q21 being also shared with catatonia. Strong candidate genes, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor B3, A5, and G3, have shown associations with ASD at 15q11-q13 susceptibility region where the majority of the chromosomal rearrangements are also found. On the other hand, negative association results were observed at 15q14-q21 susceptibility region for catatonia with the genes encoding the zinc transporter SLC30A4, the cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha polypeptide 7, and the delta-like 4 Drosophila. Further, fine mapping and candidate gene analyses are needed to highlight potential common genes between ASD and catatonia for this chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvon C Chagnon
- Laval University Robert-Giffard Research Center, Beauport, Québec, Canada
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Dhossche DM, Song Y, Liu Y. Is There A Connection Between Autism, Prader‐Willi Syndrome, Catatonia, And GABA? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2005; 71:189-216. [PMID: 16512352 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(05)71009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Dhossche
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA
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