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Zheng XW, Fang YY, Lin JJ, Luo JJ, Li SJ, Aschner M, Jiang YM. Signal Transduction Associated with Mn-induced Neurological Dysfunction. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4158-4169. [PMID: 38155332 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a heavy metal that occurs widely in nature and has a vital physiological role in growth and development. However, excessive exposure to Mn can cause neurological damage, especially cognitive dysfunction, such as learning disability and memory loss. Numerous studies on the mechanisms of Mn-induced nervous system damage found that this metal targets a variety of metabolic pathways, for example, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cellular signaling pathway changes, and neurotransmitter metabolism interference. This article reviews the latest research progress on multiple signaling pathways related to Mn-induced neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zheng
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-Yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases in Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fang
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-Yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases in Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jun-Jie Lin
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-Yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases in Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jing-Jing Luo
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-Yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases in Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shao-Jun Li
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-Yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases in Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Michael Aschner
- The Department of Molecular Pharmacology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-Yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases in Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Medical University of Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Aschner M, Martins AC, Oliveira-Paula GH, Skalny AV, Zaitseva IP, Bowman AB, Kirichuk AA, Santamaria A, Tizabi Y, Tinkov AA. Manganese in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The state of the art. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100170. [PMID: 38737010 PMCID: PMC11088232 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present narrative review was to synthesize existing clinical and epidemiological findings linking manganese (Mn) exposure biomarkers to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to discuss key pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders that may be affected by this metal. Existing epidemiological data demonstrated both direct and inverse association between Mn body burden and ASD, or lack of any relationship. In contrast, the majority of studies revealed significantly higher Mn levels in subjects with ADHD, as well as direct relationship between Mn body burden with hyperactivity and inattention scores in children, although several studies reported contradictory results. Existing laboratory studies demonstrated that impaired attention and hyperactivity in animals following Mn exposure was associated with dopaminergic dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Despite lack of direct evidence on Mn-induced neurobiological alterations in patients with ASD and ADHD, a plethora of studies demonstrated that neurotoxic effects of Mn overexposure may interfere with key mechanisms of pathogenesis inherent to these neurodevelopmental disorders. Specifically, Mn overload was shown to impair not only dopaminergic neurotransmission, but also affect metabolism of glutamine/glutamate, GABA, serotonin, noradrenaline, thus affecting neuronal signaling. In turn, neurotoxic effects of Mn may be associated with its ability to induce oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation, and/or impair neurogenesis. Nonetheless, additional detailed studies are required to evaluate the association between environmental Mn exposure and/or Mn body burden and neurodevelopmental disorders at a wide range of concentrations to estimate the potential dose-dependent effects, as well as environmental and genetic factors affecting this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Irina P. Zaitseva
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - Anatoly A. Kirichuk
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología y Nanomedicina, Departamento de Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
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Zaks N, Austin C, Arora M, Reichenberg A. Reprint of: Elemental dysregulation in psychotic spectrum disorders: A review and research synthesis. Schizophr Res 2022; 247:33-40. [PMID: 36075821 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from observational studies, genetic research, and animal models suggests a relationship between toxic and nutritive elements and psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD). This review systematically evaluates the current research evidence for two hypotheses: 1) that exposures to abnormal levels of toxic and nutritive elements early in life contributes to the subsequent development of PSD, and 2) that an imbalance of element levels is linked to psychotic illness and clinical severity. We focused on the extant literature on five elements, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), because of their previously documented associations with psychiatric problems and the availability of pertinent literature. The review identified 38 studies of which 11 measured Pb, 27 measured Cu, 16 measured Mg, 15 measured Mn, and 25 measured Zn concentrations in PSD patients and controls. A majority of research has been conducted on nutritive element imbalance, and findings are largely mixed. While it is biologically plausible that element dysregulation is an important modifiable risk factor for PSD, more research into exposure in early life is needed to better characterize this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zaks
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Seaver Center of Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Carmona A, Roudeau S, Ortega R. Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Metal Neurotoxicity: A Focus on the Interactions of Metals with Synapse Structure and Function. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090198. [PMID: 34564349 PMCID: PMC8471991 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to neurotoxic metals and metalloids such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, or manganese is a global health concern affecting millions of people worldwide. Depending on the period of exposure over a lifetime, environmental metals can alter neurodevelopment, neurobehavior, and cognition and cause neurodegeneration. There is increasing evidence linking environmental exposure to metal contaminants to the etiology of neurological diseases in early life (e.g., autism spectrum disorder) or late life (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). The known main molecular mechanisms of metal-induced toxicity in cells are the generation of reactive oxygen species, the interaction with sulfhydryl chemical groups in proteins (e.g., cysteine), and the competition of toxic metals with binding sites of essential metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn). In neurons, these molecular interactions can alter the functions of neurotransmitter receptors, the cytoskeleton and scaffolding synaptic proteins, thereby disrupting synaptic structure and function. Loss of synaptic connectivity may precede more drastic alterations such as neurodegeneration. In this article, we will review the molecular mechanisms of metal-induced synaptic neurotoxicity.
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Elemental dysregulation in psychotic spectrum disorders: A review and research synthesis. Schizophr Res 2021; 233:64-71. [PMID: 34242950 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from observational studies, genetic research, and animal models suggests a relationship between toxic and nutritive elements and psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD). This review systematically evaluates the current research evidence for two hypotheses: 1) that exposures to abnormal levels of toxic and nutritive elements early in life contributes to the subsequent development of PSD, and 2) that an imbalance of element levels is linked to psychotic illness and clinical severity. We focused on the extant literature on five elements, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), because of their previously documented associations with psychiatric problems and the availability of pertinent literature. The review identified 38 studies of which 11 measured Pb, 27 measured Cu, 16 measured Mg, 15 measured Mn, and 25 measured Zn concentrations in PSD patients and controls. A majority of research has been conducted on nutritive element imbalance, and findings are largely mixed. While it is biologically plausible that element dysregulation is an important modifiable risk factor for PSD, more research into exposure in early life is needed to better characterize this relationship.
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6
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Pajarillo E, Nyarko-Danquah I, Adinew G, Rizor A, Aschner M, Lee E. Neurotoxicity mechanisms of manganese in the central nervous system. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2021; 5:215-238. [PMID: 34263091 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ivan Nyarko-Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Getinet Adinew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Asha Rizor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Ma Z, Liu K, Li XR, Wang C, Liu C, Yan DY, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu B. Alpha-synuclein is involved in manganese-induced spatial memory and synaptic plasticity impairments via TrkB/Akt/Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of NMDA receptors. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:834. [PMID: 33033239 PMCID: PMC7545185 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) overexposure produces long-term cognitive deficits and reduces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. However, it remains elusive whether Mn-dependent enhanced alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) expression, suggesting a multifaceted mode of neuronal toxicities, accounts for interference with BDNF/TrkB signaling. In this study, we used C57BL/6J WT and α-Syn knockout (KO) mice to establish a model of manganism and found that Mn-induced impairments in spatial memory and synaptic plasticity were related to the α-Syn protein. In addition, consistent with the long-term potentiation (LTP) impairments that were observed, α-Syn KO relieved Mn-induced degradation of PSD95, phosphorylated CaMKIIα, and downregulated SynGAP protein levels. We transfected HT22 cells with lentivirus (LV)-α-Syn shRNA, followed by BDNF and Mn stimulation. In vitro experiments indicated that α-Syn selectively interacted with TrkB receptors and inhibited BDNF/TrkB signaling, leading to phosphorylation and downregulation of GluN2B. The binding of α-Syn to TrkB and Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of GluN2B were negatively regulated by BDNF. Together, these findings indicate that Mn-dependent enhanced α-Syn expression contributes to further exacerbate BDNF protein-level reduction and to inhibit TrkB/Akt/Fyn signaling, thereby disturbing Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit at tyrosine. In KO α-Syn mice treated with Mn, spatial memory and LTP impairments were less pronounced than in WT mice. However, the same robust neuronal death was observed as a result of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ru Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ying Yan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Mechanism of Manganese Dysregulation of Dopamine Neuronal Activity. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5871-5891. [PMID: 32576620 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2830-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese exposure produces Parkinson's-like neurologic symptoms, suggesting a selective dysregulation of dopamine transmission. It is unknown, however, how manganese accumulates in dopaminergic brain regions or how it regulates the activity of dopamine neurons. Our in vivo studies in male C57BLJ mice suggest that manganese accumulates in dopamine neurons of the VTA and substantia nigra via nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ channels. Manganese produces a Ca2+ channel-mediated current, which increases neurotransmitter release and rhythmic firing activity of dopamine neurons. These increases are prevented by blockade of Ca2+ channels and depend on downstream recruitment of Ca2+-activated potassium channels to the plasma membrane. These findings demonstrate the mechanism of manganese-induced dysfunction of dopamine neurons, and reveal a potential therapeutic target to attenuate manganese-induced impairment of dopamine transmission.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Manganese is a trace element critical to many physiological processes. Overexposure to manganese is an environmental risk factor for neurologic disorders, such as a Parkinson's disease-like syndrome known as manganism. We found that manganese concentration-dependently increased the excitability of dopamine neurons, decreased the amplitude of action potentials, and narrowed action potential width. Blockade of Ca2+ channels prevented these effects as well as manganese accumulation in the mouse midbrain in vivo Our data provide a potential mechanism for manganese regulation of dopaminergic neurons.
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Alpha-Synuclein and Calpains Disrupt SNARE-Mediated Synaptic Vesicle Fusion During Manganese Exposure in SH-SY5Y Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120258. [PMID: 30544779 PMCID: PMC6316740 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle fusion is mediated by an assembly of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), composed of syntaxin 1, soluble NSF-attachment protein (SNAP)-25, and synaptobrevin-2/VAMP-2. Previous studies have suggested that over-exposure to manganese (Mn) could disrupt synaptic vesicle fusion by influencing SNARE complex formation, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Here we employed calpeptin, an inhibitor of calpains, along with a lentivirus vector containing alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) shRNA, to examine whether specific SNAP-25 cleavage and the over-expression of α-Syn disturbed the formation of the SNARE complex in SH-SY5Y cells. After cells were treated with Mn for 24 h, fragments of SNAP-25-N-terminal protein began to appear; however, this effect was reduced in the group of cells which were pre-treated with calpeptin. FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicle fusion decreased with Mn treatment, which was consistent with the formation of SNARE complexes. The interaction of VAMP-2 and α-Syn increased significantly in normal cells in response to 100 μM Mn treatment, but decreased in LV-α-Syn shRNA cells treated with 100 μM Mn; similar results were observed in terms of the formation of SNARE complexes and FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicle fusion. Our data suggested that Mn treatment could increase [Ca2+]i, leading to abnormally excessive calpains activity, which disrupted the SNARE complex by cleaving SNAP-25. Our data also provided convincing evidence that Mn could induce the over-expression of α-Syn; when combined with VAMP-2, α-Syn prevented VAMP-2 from joining the SNARE complex cycle.
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Tambasco N, Romoli M, Calabresi P. Selective basal ganglia vulnerability to energy deprivation: Experimental and clinical evidences. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:55-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Harischandra DS, Ghaisas S, Rokad D, Kanthasamy AG. Exosomes in Toxicology: Relevance to Chemical Exposure and Pathogenesis of Environmentally Linked Diseases. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:3-13. [PMID: 28505322 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental toxins has been known to initiate or aggravate various neurological disorders, carcinomas and other adverse health effects. Uptake by naïve cells of pathogenic factors such as danger-associated molecules, mRNAs, miRNAs or aggregated proteins leads to disruption in cellular homeostasis further resulting in inflammation and disease propagation. Although early research tended to focus solely on exosomal removal of unwanted cellular contents, more recent reports indicate that these nano-vesicles play an active role in intercellular signaling. Not only is the exosomal cargo cell type-specific, but it also differs between healthy and dying cells. Moreover, following exosome uptake by naïve cells, the contents from these vesicles can alter the fate of recipient cells. Since exosomes can traverse long distances, they can influence distantly located cells and tissues. This review briefly explores the role played by environmental toxins in stimulating exosome release in the context of progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, as well as certain cancers such as lung, liver, ovarian, and tracheal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshan S Harischandra
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Dharmin Rokad
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Wang L, Fu H, Liu B, Liu X, Chen W, Yu X. The effect of postnatal manganese exposure on the NMDA receptor signaling pathway in rat hippocampus. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 29205667 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) is associated with neurological disorders in children. Evidence indicated that N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling pathway was critical for neurobehavioral function. However, whether NMDA receptor signaling pathway contributes to Mn-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. In this study, newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups exposed to 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg of Mn2+ by intraperitoneal injection (n = 10/group: five males and five females). After 3 weeks of Mn exposure, messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. In Mn-exposed rats, decreased mRNA and protein expression of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, CREB, and BDNF was observed. The results imply that downregulated NMDA receptor signaling pathway may be of vital importance in the neuropathological process of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai 200127, China, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - HuanHuan Fu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - XiaoYan Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - WeiWei Chen
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai 200127, China, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - XiaoDan Yu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai 200127, China, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Bagasrawala I, Memi F, V. Radonjić N, Zecevic N. N-Methyl d-Aspartate Receptor Expression Patterns in the Human Fetal Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:5041-5053. [PMID: 27664962 PMCID: PMC6077866 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), a subtype of glutamate receptor, have important functional roles in cellular activity and neuronal development. They are well-studied in rodent and adult human brains, but limited information is available about their distribution in the human fetal cerebral cortex. Here we show that 3 NMDAR subunits, NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, are expressed in the human cerebral cortex during the second trimester of gestation, a period of intense neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. With increasing fetal age, expression of the NMDAR-encoding genes Grin1 (NR1) and Grin2a (NR2A) increased while Grin2b (NR2B) expression decreased. The protein levels of all 3 subunits paralleled the changes in gene expression. On cryosections, all 3 subunits were expressed in proliferative ventricular and subventricular zones, in radial glia, and in intermediate progenitor cells, consistent with their role in the proliferation of cortical progenitor cells and in the determination of their respective fates. The detection of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of the cortical plate suggests the involvement of NMDARs in the maturation of human cortical neurons and in early synapse formation. Our results and previous studies in rodents suggest that NMDAR expression in the developing human brain is evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseyah Bagasrawala
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Fani Memi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nevena V. Radonjić
- Psychiatry Department, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nada Zecevic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Wang C, Xu B, Ma Z, Liu C, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu ZF. Inhibition of Calpains Protects Mn-Induced Neurotransmitter release disorders in Synaptosomes from Mice: Involvement of SNARE Complex and Synaptic Vesicle Fusion. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623313 PMCID: PMC5473846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) could disrupt neurotransmitter release via influencing the formation of SNARE complex, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. A previous study demonstrated that SNAP-25 is one of substrate of calpains. The current study investigated whether calpains were involved in Mn-induced disorder of SNARE complex. After mice were treated with Mn for 24 days, Mn deposition increased significantly in basal nuclei in Mn-treated and calpeptin pre-treated groups. Behaviorally, less time spent in the center of the area and decreased average velocity significantly in an open field test after 24 days of Mn exposure. With the increase in MnCl2 dosage, intracellular Ca2+ increased significantly, but pretreatment with calpeptin caused a dose-dependent decrease in calpains activity. There were fragments of N-terminal of SNAP-25 protein appearance in Mn-treated groups, but it is decreased with pretreatment of calpeptin. FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicles also provided evidence that the treatment with Mn resulted in increasing first and then decreasing, which was consistent with Glu release and the 80 kDa protein levels of SNARE complexes. In summary, Mn induced the disorder of neurotransmitter release through influencing the formation of SNARE complex via cleaving SNAP-25 by overactivation of calpains in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Fa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
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15
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Gorojod RM, Alaimo A, Porte Alcon S, Saravia F, Kotler ML. Interplay between lysosomal, mitochondrial and death receptor pathways during manganese-induced apoptosis in glial cells. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3065-3078. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Wang C, Xu B, Song QF, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu ZF. Manganese exposure disrupts SNARE protein complex-mediated vesicle fusion in primary cultured neurons. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:705-716. [PMID: 27125645 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) has been known to disrupt neurotransmitter release in the brain. However, the underlying mechanisms of Mn exposure on neurotransmitter vesicle release are still unclear. The current study investigated whether the protein expression and their interaction of SNARE complex associated proteins were the media between Mn exposure and neurotransmitter vesicle fusion disorders. After the neurons were respectively exposed to Mn (0-200 μM) for 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 h, there were different degrees of cell injury in neurons. According to the results, Mn exposures in subsequent experiments were restricted to concentrations of 100 μM for 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 h. Mn was found to down-regulate the expression of SNAP-25 and up-regulate the expression of VAMP-2 in cultured neurons. Moreover, the interaction of Munc 18 and Syntaxin increased significantly in response to Mn treatment for 18-24h, and the interaction of VAMP-2 and Synaptophysin increased first and then decreased. FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicles also provided evidence that the treatment with Mn resulted in neurotransmitter vesicle fusion increasing first and then decreasing, which was consistent with the 80 kDa protein levels of SNARE complexes. The findings clearly demonstrated that Mn induced the disorders of neurotransmitter vesicle release via disturbing the protein expression and their interaction of SNARE complex associated proteins. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 705-716, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Fan Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Fa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
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Memantine, a Low-Affinity NMDA Receptor Antagonist, Protects against Methylmercury-Induced Cytotoxicity of Rat Primary Cultured Cortical Neurons, Involvement of Ca2+ Dyshomeostasis Antagonism, and Indirect Antioxidation Effects. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5034-5050. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Liu W, Xu Z, Yang T, Deng Y, Xu B, Feng S. Tea Polyphenols Protect Against Methylmercury-Induced Cell Injury in Rat Primary Cultured Astrocytes, Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Glutamate Uptake/Metabolism Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:2995-3009. [PMID: 25952541 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an extremely dangerous environmental contaminant, accumulating preferentially in CNS and causing a series of cytotoxic effects. However, the precise mechanisms are still incompletely understood. The current study explored the mechanisms that contribute to MeHg-induced cell injury focusing on the oxidative stress and Glu uptake/metabolism disorders in rat primary cultured astrocytes. Moreover, the neuroprotective effects of tea polyphenols (TP), a natural antioxidant, against MeHg cytotoxicity were also investigated. Astrocytes were exposed to 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μM MeHgCl for 6-30 h, or pretreated with 50, 100, 200, and 400 μM TP for 1-12 h; cell viability and LDH release were then determined. For further experiments, 50, 100, and 200 μM of TP pretreatment for 6 h followed by 10 μM MeHgCl for 24 h were performed for the examination of the responses of astrocytes, specifically addressing NPSH levels, ROS generation, ATPase activity, the expressions of Nrf2 pathway as well as Glu metabolism enzyme GS and Glu transporters (GLAST and GLT-1). Exposure of MeHg resulted in damages of astrocytes, which were shown by a loss of cell viability, and supported by high levels of LDH release, morphological changes, apoptosis rates, and NPSH depletion. In addition, astrocytes were sensitive to MeHg-mediated oxidative stress, a finding that is consistent with ROS overproduction; Nrf2 as well as its downstream genes HO-1 and γ-GCSh were markedly upregulated. Moreover, MeHg significantly inhibited GS activity, as well as expressions of GS, GLAST, and GLT-1. On the contrary, pretreatment with TP presented a concentration-dependent prevention against MeHg-mediated cytotoxic effects of astrocytes. In conclusion, the findings clearly indicated that MeHg aggravated oxidative stress and Glu uptake/metabolism dysfunction in astrocytes. TP possesses some abilities to prevent MeHg cytotoxicity through its antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning province, China.
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning province, China
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19
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Song Z, Zhao X, Liu M, Jin H, Cui Y, Hou M, Gao Y. Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide attenuates LPS-induced cellular injury in human fetal lung fibroblasts via inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB pathway activation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1785-90. [PMID: 27314600 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are vital in lung injury diseases, particularly acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) has been shown to exhibit anti‑inflammatory effects in vivo in our previous studies. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the anti‑inflammatory effects of rhBNP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1). The results showed that LPS induced a significant increase in the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and the secretion of interleukin (IL)‑1β. Activation of p38, extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, c‑Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen‑activated protein kinases (MAPK)s, and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB in HFL‑1 cells was also observed following treatment with LPS. Treatment with rhBNP (0.1 µM) reduced the production of IL‑1β at the protein and mRNA levels. Moreover, rhBNP decreased the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK induced by LPS. However, the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, significantly inhibited LPS‑induced IL‑1β production. These results indicate that the inhibition of IL‑1β by may dependent upon the JNK signaling pathway. The LPS‑induced NF‑κB activation was also suppressed by rhBNP, and IL‑1β production was inhibited by the NF‑κB inhibitor. Furthermore, NF‑κB activation was attenuated by the JNK inhibitor, indicating that NF‑κB activation was dependent on the JNK signaling pathway. The present study suggests that rhBNP exhibits an anti‑inflammatory effect on LPS‑induced HFL‑1 cell injury via the inhibition of MAPK and NF‑κB signaling pathways and may exhibit therapeutic potential for acute lung injury and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Song
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Zhao
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P.R. China
| | - Martin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hongxu Jin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiao Hou
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
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20
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Sun Y, Zhan L, Cheng X, Zhang L, Hu J, Gao Z. The Regulation of GluN2A by Endogenous and Exogenous Regulators in the Central Nervous System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:389-403. [PMID: 27255970 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor is the most widely studied ionotropic glutamate receptor, and it is central to many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system. GluN2A is one of the two main types of GluN2 NMDA receptor subunits in the forebrain. The proper activity of GluN2A is important to brain function, as the abnormal regulation of GluN2A may induce some neuropsychiatric disorders. This review will examine the regulation of GluN2A by endogenous and exogenous regulators in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Cheng
- North China Pharmaceutical Group New Drug Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, 050015, People's Republic of China
| | - Linan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Cai T, Luo W, Ruan D, Wu YJ, Fox DA, Chen J. The History, Status, Gaps, and Future Directions of Neurotoxicology in China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:722-732. [PMID: 26824332 PMCID: PMC4892912 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid economic development in China has produced serious ecological, environmental, and health problems. Neurotoxicity has been recognized as a major public health problem. The Chinese government, research institutes, and scientists conducted extensive studies concerning the source, characteristics, and mechanisms of neurotoxicants. OBJECTIVES This paper presents, for the first time, a comprehensive history and review of major sources of neurotoxicants, national bodies/legislation engaged, and major neurotoxicology research in China. METHODS Peer-reviewed research and pollution studies by Chinese scientists from 1991 to 2015 were examined. PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were the major search tools. RESULTS The central problem is an increased exposure to neurotoxicants from air and water, food contamination, e-waste recycling, and manufacturing of household products. China formulated an institutional framework and standards system for management of major neurotoxicants. Basic and applied research was initiated, and international cooperation was achieved. The annual number of peer-reviewed neurotoxicology papers from Chinese authors increased almost 30-fold since 2001. CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive efforts, neurotoxicity remains a significant public health problem. This provides great challenges and opportunities. We identified 10 significant areas that require major educational, environmental, governmental, and research efforts, as well as attention to public awareness. For example, there is a need to increase efforts to utilize new in vivo and in vitro models, determine the potential neurotoxicity and mechanisms involved in newly emerging pollutants, and examine the effects and mechanisms of mixtures. In the future, we anticipate working with scientists worldwide to accomplish these goals and eliminate, prevent and treat neurotoxicity. CITATION Cai T, Luo W, Ruan D, Wu YJ, Fox DA, Chen J. 2016. The history, status, gaps, and future directions of neurotoxicology in China. Environ Health Perspect 124:722-732; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjian Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Diyun Ruan
- Neurotoxicology Lab, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donald A. Fox
- College of Optometry,
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry,
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Zhu Y, Li S, Teng X. The involvement of the mitochondrial pathway in manganese-induced apoptosis of chicken splenic lymphocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 153:462-470. [PMID: 27035383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excess manganese (Mn)-induced cytotoxicity on apoptosis in chicken splenic lymphocytes. Chicken splenic lymphocytes were cultured in medium in the absence and presence of manganese (II) chloride (MnCl2) (2 × 10(-4), 4 × 10(-4), 6 × 10(-4), 8 × 10(-4), 10 × 10(-4), and 12 × 10(-4) mM), in N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) (1 mM), and the combination of MnCl2 and NAC for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Tests were performed on morphologic observation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), p53, and calmodulin (CaM) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression, intracellular free Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i), and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Our research indicated that excess Mn induced ROS and MDA content, inhibited Mn-SOD and GSH-Px activities, induced Bax and p53 mRNA expression, inhibited Bcl-2 and CaM mRNA expression, induced Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression, upregulated [Ca(2+)]i, inhibited ΔΨm, and induced apoptosis in a dose effect. NAC relieved excess Mn-caused the changes of all above factors. Mn-induced oxidative injuries were alleviated by treatment with NAC, an ROS scavenger. The above results demonstrated that excess Mn caused oxidative stress and apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in chicken splenic lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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23
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Ohkubo M, Miyamoto A, Shiraishi M. Heavy metal chelator TPEN attenuates fura-2 fluorescence changes induced by cadmium, mercury and methylmercury. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:761-7. [PMID: 26781706 PMCID: PMC4905828 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation with heavy metals is known to induce calcium (Ca2+)
mobilization in many cell types. Interference with the measurement of intracellular
Ca2+ concentration by the heavy metals in cells loaded with Ca2+
indicator fura-2 is an ongoing problem. In this study, we analyzed the effect of heavy
metals on the fura-2 fluorescence ratio in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by using
TPEN, a specific cell-permeable heavy metal chelator. Manganese chloride (30–300
µM) did not cause significant changes in the fura-2 fluorescence ratio.
A high concentration (300 µM) of lead acetate induced a slight elevation
in the fura-2 fluorescence ratio. In contrast, stimulation with cadmium chloride, mercury
chloride or MeHg (3–30 µM) elicited an apparent elevation of the fura-2
fluorescence ratio in a dose-dependent manner. In cells stimulated with 10 or 30
µM cadmium chloride, the addition of TPEN decreased the elevated fura-2
fluorescence ratio to basal levels. In cells stimulated with mercury or MeHg, the addition
of TPEN significantly decreased the elevation of the fura-2 fluorescence ratio induced by
lower concentrations (10 µM) of mercury or MeHg, but not by higher
concentrations (30 µM). Pretreatment with Ca2+ channel
blockers, such as verapamil, 2-APB or lanthanum chloride, resulted in different effects on
the fura-2 fluorescence ratio. Our study provides a characterization of the effects of
several heavy metals on the mobilization of divalent cations and the toxicity of heavy
metals to neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ohkubo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Manganese-Disrupted Interaction of Dopamine D1 and NMDAR in the Striatum to Injury Learning and Memory Ability of Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6745-6758. [PMID: 26660110 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is widely regarded as a neurotoxic heavy metal that causes learning and memory deficits. Recently, it has been proved that the striatum is related to memory and learning ability. However, no previous study focused on the effect of Mn-induced learning and memory deficits on the striatum. This study aims to investigate the probable interaction of dopamine D1 receptor (DR1) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), two cognition-related receptors in the striatum during Mn exposure. Mice are randomly divided into four groups, including control group, 12.5 mg/kg MnCl2 group, 25 mg/kg MnCl2 group, and 50 mg/kg MnCl2 group. The mice receive intraperitoneal injections of 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg MnCl2 once daily for 2 weeks. Then, learning and memory ability, pathological changes, expression, and interaction of DR1 and NMDAR are determined. It has been found that Mn disrupted spatial learning and memory ability of mice by Morris water maze test and the passive avoidance test. Pathological and ultrastructure were injured. Mn decreased the immunohistochemical activities, protein levels, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of DR1, NR1, and NR2A. Mn exposure inhibited interaction between DR1 and NMDAR in striatum by double immunofluorescent staining and co-immunoprecipitation. In conclusion, our study illustrated that Mn caused learning and memory dysfunction via injury of striatum and inhibition of interaction between DR1 and NMDAR in striatum.
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25
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Gorojod RM, Alaimo A, Porte Alcon S, Pomilio C, Saravia F, Kotler ML. The autophagic- lysosomal pathway determines the fate of glial cells under manganese- induced oxidative stress conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:237-51. [PMID: 26163003 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) overexposure is frequently associated with the development of a neurodegenerative disorder known as Manganism. The Mn-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotes cellular damage, finally leading to apoptotic cell death in rat astrocytoma C6 cells. In this scenario, the autophagic pathway could play an important role in preventing cytotoxicity. In the present study, we found that Mn induced an increase in the amount and total volume of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs), a process usually related to the activation of the autophagic pathway. Particularly, the generation of enlarged AVOs was a ROS- dependent event. In this report we demonstrated for the first time that Mn induces autophagy in glial cells. This conclusion emerged from the results obtained employing a battery of autophagy markers: a) the increase in LC3-II expression levels, b) the formation of autophagic vesicles labeled with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) or LC3 and, c) the increase in Beclin 1/ Bcl-2 and Beclin 1/ Bcl-X(L) ratio. Autophagy inhibition employing 3-MA and mAtg5(K130R) resulted in decreased cell viability indicating that this event plays a protective role in Mn- induced cell death. In addition, mitophagy was demonstrated by an increase in LC3 and TOM-20 colocalization. On the other hand, we proposed the occurrence of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) based in the fact that cathepsins B and D activities are essential for cell death. Both cathepsin B inhibitor (Ca-074 Me) or cathepsin D inhibitor (Pepstatin A) completely prevented Mn- induced cytotoxicity. In addition, low dose of Bafilomycin A1 showed a similar effect, a finding that adds evidence about the lysosomal role in Mn cytotoxicity. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that Mn induces injury and alters LC3 expression levels in rat striatal astrocytes. In summary, our results demonstrated that autophagy is activated to counteract the harmful effect caused by Mn. These data is valuable to be considered in future research concerning Manganism therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gorojod
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-oncología. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - A Alaimo
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-oncología. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - S Porte Alcon
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-oncología. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - C Pomilio
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - F Saravia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M L Kotler
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-oncología. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hernández RB, Nishita MI, Espósito BP, Scholz S, Michalke B. The role of chemical speciation, chemical fractionation and calcium disruption in manganese-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 32:209-17. [PMID: 26302931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient that can be toxic in excess concentrations, especially during early development stages. The mechanisms of Mn toxicity is still unclear, and little information is available regarding the role of Mn speciation and fractionation in toxicology. We aimed to investigate the toxic effects of several chemical forms of Mn in embryos of Danio rerio exposed during different development stages, between 2 and 122h post fertilization. We found a stage-specific increase of lethality associated with hatching and removal of the chorion. Mn(II), ([Mn(H2O)6](2+)) appeared to be the most toxic species to embryos exposed for 48h, and Mn(II) citrate was most toxic to embryos exposed for 72 and/or 120h. Manganese toxicity was associated with calcium disruption, manganese speciation and metal fractionation, including bioaccumulation in tissue, granule fractions, organelles and denaturated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Hernández
- Federal University of São Paulo - Unifesp Campus Diadema, Deparment of Exact and Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Environmental Toxicology - LABITA, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, CEP: 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - M I Nishita
- Federal University of São Paulo - Unifesp Campus Diadema, Deparment of Exact and Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Environmental Toxicology - LABITA, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, CEP: 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - B P Espósito
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Chemistry, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Scholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Xu B, Liu W, Deng Y, Yang TY, Feng S, Xu ZF. Inhibition of calpain prevents manganese-induced cell injury and alpha-synuclein oligomerization in organotypic brain slice cultures. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119205. [PMID: 25756858 PMCID: PMC4355489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese has been known to promote alpha-synuclein oligomerization and enhance cellular toxicity. However, the exact mechanism of Mn-induced alpha-synuclein oligomerization is unclear. To explore whether alpha-synuclein oligomerization was associated with the cleavage of alpha-synuclein by calpain, we made a rat brain slice model of manganism and pretreated slices with calpain inhibitor II, a cell-permeable peptide that restricts the activity of calpain. After slices were treated with 400 μM Mn for 24 h, there were significant increases in the percentage of apoptotic cells, lactate dehydrogenase release, intracellular [Ca2+]i, calpain activity, and the mRNA and protein expression of calpain 1 and alpha-synuclein. Moreover, the number of C- and N-terminal fragments of alpha-synuclein and the amount of alpha-synuclein oligomerization also increased. These results also showed that calpain inhibitor II pretreatment could reduce Mn-induced nerve cell injury and alpha-synuclein oligomerization. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the number of C- and N-terminal fragments of alpha-synuclein in calpain inhibitor II-pretreated slices. These findings revealed that Mn induced the cleavage of alpha-synuclein protein via overactivation of calpain and subsequent alpha-synuclein oligomerization in cultured slices. Moreover, the cleavage of alpha-synuclein by calpain 1 is an important signaling event in Mn-induced alpha-synuclein oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Fa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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Wang F, Wang C, Jiang Y, Deng X, Lu J, Ou S. Protective role of sodium para-amino salicylic acid against manganese-induced hippocampal neurons damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:1071-1078. [PMID: 24769799 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element of human. However, excessive Mn can cause manganism. Mn selectively accumulated in Mn-exposed workers' hippocampus which is crucial for higher brain functions such as learning, memory, and motivation during our postnatal life. Studies suggested sodium para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) appeared to be therapeutic for manganism. We aimed to explore whether PAS could block Mn-induced neuronal injury in hippocampus in vitro. Hippocampal neurons were exposed to 50 μM manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) for 24 h, following by 50, 500, or 5000 μM PAS treatment for 24 h. Cell viability, apoptosis rate, mean fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial and DNA damage were respectively performed. MnCl(2) significantly decreased neurons' viability and fluorescence intensity of comet head of DNA, while increasing the apoptosis rate, mean fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial, percentage of tail DNA, and Olive tail moment of DNA. PAS reduced the percentage of tail DNA and Olive tail moment of Mn-exposed neurons. These data suggested that Mn caused hippocampal neurons' injury, and 50-5000 μM PAS could inhibit Mn-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Chan Wang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiangfa Deng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jipei Lu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shiyan Ou
- Department of Health Toxicology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Alpha-Synuclein Oligomerization in Manganese-Induced Nerve Cell Injury in Brain Slices: A Role of NO-Mediated S-Nitrosylation of Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:1098-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Alaimo A, Gorojod RM, Beauquis J, Muñoz MJ, Saravia F, Kotler ML. Deregulation of mitochondria-shaping proteins Opa-1 and Drp-1 in manganese-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91848. [PMID: 24632637 PMCID: PMC3954806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo fusion and fission processes. These events are regulated by mitochondria-shaping proteins. Changes in the expression and/or localization of these proteins lead to a mitochondrial dynamics impairment and may promote apoptosis. Increasing evidence correlates the mitochondrial dynamics disruption with the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we focused on this topic in Manganese (Mn)-induced Parkinsonism, a disorder associated with Mn accumulation preferentially in the basal ganglia where mitochondria from astrocytes represent an early target. Using MitoTracker Red staining we observed increased mitochondrial network fission in Mn-exposed rat astrocytoma C6 cells. Moreover, Mn induced a marked decrease in fusion protein Opa-1 levels as well as a dramatic increase in the expression of fission protein Drp-1. Additionally, Mn provoked a significant release of high MW Opa-1 isoforms from the mitochondria to the cytosol as well as an increased Drp-1 translocation to the mitochondria. Both Mdivi-1, a pharmacological Drp-1 inhibitor, and rat Drp-1 siRNA reduced the number of apoptotic nuclei, preserved the mitochondrial network integrity and prevented cell death. CsA, an MPTP opening inhibitor, prevented mitochondrial Δψm disruption, Opa-1 processing and Drp-1 translocation to the mitochondria therefore protecting Mn-exposed cells from mitochondrial disruption and apoptosis. The histological analysis and Hoechst 33258 staining of brain sections of Mn-injected rats in the striatum showed a decrease in cellular mass paralleled with an increase in the occurrence of apoptotic nuclei. Opa-1 and Drp-1 expression levels were also changed by Mn-treatment. Our results demonstrate for the first time that abnormal mitochondrial dynamics is implicated in both in vitro and in vivo Mn toxicity. In addition we show that the imbalance in fusion/fission equilibrium might be involved in Mn-induced apoptosis. This knowledge may provide new therapeutic tools for the treatment of Manganism and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Alaimo
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-Oncología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana M. Gorojod
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-Oncología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Beauquis
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel J. Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular and Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Saravia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica L. Kotler
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-Oncología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Daoust A, Saoudi Y, Brocard J, Collomb N, Batandier C, Bisbal M, Salomé M, Andrieux A, Bohic S, Barbier EL. Impact of manganese on primary hippocampal neurons from rodents. Hippocampus 2014; 24:598-610. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Daoust
- Inserm; U836 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Grenoble France
| | - Yasmina Saoudi
- Inserm; U836 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Grenoble France
| | - Jacques Brocard
- Inserm; U836 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Grenoble France
| | - Nora Collomb
- Inserm; U836 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Grenoble France
| | - Cécile Batandier
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée; Grenoble France
| | - Mariano Bisbal
- Inserm; U836 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Grenoble France
| | - Murielle Salomé
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF); Grenoble France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Inserm; U836 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Grenoble France
| | - Sylvain Bohic
- Inserm; U836 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Grenoble France
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF); Grenoble France
| | - Emmanuel L. Barbier
- Inserm; U836 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Grenoble France
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Liu W, Xu Z, Deng Y, Xu B, Yang H, Wei Y, Feng S. Excitotoxicity and oxidative damages induced by methylmercury in rat cerebral cortex and the protective effects of tea polyphenols. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:269-283. [PMID: 22223486 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a highly neurotoxic environmental pollutant that has a high appetency to the central nervous system. The underlying mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity have not been elucidated clearly until now. Therefore, to explore the mechanisms contribute to MeHg-induced neurotoxicity, rats were exposed to different dosage of methylmercury chloride (CH3 ClHg) (0, 4, and 12 μmol kg(-1)) for 4 weeks to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of MeHg. In addition, considering the antioxidative properties of tea polyphenols (TP), 1 mmol kg(-1) TP was pretreated to observe the possible protective effects on MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Then Hg, glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) levels, glutamine synthetase (GS), phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG), Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities, intracellular Ca(2+) level were examined, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein sulfhydryl, carbonyl, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mRNA and protein expressions, apoptosis level and morphological changes in the cerebral cortex were also investigated. Study results showed that compared with those in control, exposure to CH3 ClHg resulted in excitotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, which was shown by the Glu-Gln cycle disruption and intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis disturbance. On the other hand, CH3 ClHg exposure resulted in oxidative damages of brain, which were supported by the significant changes on GSH, MDA, sulfhydryl, carbonyl, 8-OHdG, and ROS levels. Moreover, apoptosis rate increased obviously and many morphological changes were found after CH3 ClHg exposure. Furthermore, this research indicated that TP pretreatment significantly mitigated the toxic effects of MeHg. In conclusion, findings from this study indicated that exposure to MeHg could induce excitotoxicity and oxidative damage in cerebral cortex while TP might antagonize the MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, North 2nd Road 92, Heping Ward, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling involvement in manganese-induced nerve cell damage in organotypic brain slice cultures. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:239-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Xu B, Wang F, Wu SW, Deng Y, Liu W, Feng S, Yang TY, Xu ZF. α-Synuclein is involved in manganese-induced ER stress via PERK signal pathway in organotypic brain slice cultures. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:399-412. [PMID: 23934647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) has been known to induce neuronal damage involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the exact mechanism of Mn-induced ER stress is unclear. Increasing evidence suggested that the overexpression of alpha-synuclein played a critical role in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. To explore whether the occurrence of ER stress was associated with alpha-synuclein overexpression, we made the rat brain slices model of silencing alpha-synuclein using short-interference RNA. After non-silencing alpha-synuclein slices were treated with Mn (0-400 μM) for 24 h, there was a dose-dependent increase in apoptotic rates of cells and levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the culture medium. Moreover, there was a dose-dependent increase in the protein expression of 78, 94-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78/94), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12. Moreover, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) phosphorylation, PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2a, and ATF4 expression also increased. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) activation and X-box-binding protein-1 (Xbp1) mRNA splicing increased. Activating transcription factor 6 p90 levels did not change. However, after silencing alpha-synuclein slices were treated with 400 μM Mn for 24 h, there was a significant decrease in the expression of GRP78/94, CHOP, and caspase-12 compared with 400 μM Mn-treated non-silencing alpha-synuclein slices. Furthermore, PERK phosphorylation, PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2a, and ATF4 mRNA expression also decreased. However, IRE1 phosphorylation and Xbp1 mRNA splicing did not change. The findings revealed that Mn induced ER stress via activation of PERK and IRE1 signaling pathways and subsequent apoptosis in cultured slices. Moreover, alpha-synuclein protein was associated with Mn-induced activation of PERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China,
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Liu X, Zuo N, Guan H, Han C, Xu SW. Manganese-induced effects on cerebral trace element and nitric oxide of Hyline cocks. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:202-9. [PMID: 23813426 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to Manganese (Mn) is a common phenomenon due to its environmental pervasiveness. To investigate the Mn-induced toxicity on cerebral trace element levels and crucial nitric oxide parameters on brain of birds, 50-day-old male Hyline cocks were fed either a commercial diet or a Mn-supplemented diet containing 600, 900, 1,800 mg kg(-1). After being treated with Mn for 30, 60, and 90 days, the following were determined: the changes in contents of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), selenium (Se) in brain; inducible nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide (iNOS-NO) system activity in brain; and histopathology and ultrastructure changes of cerebral cortex. The results showed that Mn was accumulated in brain and the content of Cu and Fe increased. However, the levels of Zn and Se decreased and the Ca content presented no obvious regularity. Exposure to Mn significantly elevated the content of NO and the expression of iNOS mRNA. Activity of total NO synthase (T NOS) and iNOS appeared with an increased tendency. These findings suggested that Mn exposure resulted in the imbalance of cerebral trace elements and influenced iNOS in the molecular level, which are possible underlying nervous system injury mechanisms induced by Mn exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liu
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Zhang R, Li P, Huang F, Fa Z, Chen L, Jiang X. Determination of the detectable concentration of manganese used in neuronal MEMRI and its effect on cortical neurons in vitro. Neurol Res 2013; 35:895-902. [PMID: 23816337 DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Manganese (Mn(2+))-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) has received increasing attention because of its functional and anatomic value in brain studies. However, the contrast agent, Mn(2+), will lead to neurotoxicity at high concentrations, which limits its use in biomedical research. This study was designed to determine whether Mn(2+) can significantly enhance the signal intensity (SI) of primary cultured cortical neurons at non-toxic levels. METHOD Neurons were incubated with different concentrations of Mn(2+) (control and 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mM), then a cellular MRI was performed in vitro and the intracellular Mn(2+) concentrations were analyzed by ICP-MS. At the same time, the cell viability, LDH release assay, intracellular ROS level, and apoptosis were measured 24 h after treatment. RESULTS (1) After the neurons were treated with Mn(2+) at a low concentration (0.01 mM), there was no impact on cell viability and cytotoxicity, and no significant signal was enhanced on MEMRI. (2) When the neurons were exposed to higher concentrations of Mn(2+) (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mM), a significant increase in signal quality was achieved, but cell viability was significantly reduced and the intracellular ROS formation and percentage of TUNEL-positive cells were increased significantly. CONCLUSION At Mn(2+) concentrations > 0.05 mM, significant enhancement of MEMRI SI occurred, but with overt cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Xu B, Wu SW, Lu CW, Deng Y, Liu W, Wei YG, Yang TY, Xu ZF. Oxidative stress involvement in manganese-induced alpha-synuclein oligomerization in organotypic brain slice cultures. Toxicology 2013; 305:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gao J, Inagaki Y, Liu Y. Research progress on flavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2013; 2:3-10. [PMID: 25343094 PMCID: PMC4204571 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2013.v2.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe condition in aging countries. The currently used drugs including donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine are effective in managing the symptoms. However, they are hardly capable of preventing, halting, or reversing the disease. In the long history of development of traditional Chinese medicine, much experience has accumulated and is summarized in treatment of diseases that correspond to the concept of AD. In recent years, exploration of natural active ingredients from medicinal herbs for treatment of AD has attracted substantial attention. Some flavonoids have been revealed to have a variety of biological actions such as scavenging free radicals, inhibiting neuron apoptosis, and nurturing neuronal cells that constitute the basis for treatment of AD. In this article, we review recent research progress on flavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese medicine against AD and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Gao
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jianjun Gao, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Yoshinori Inagaki
- The Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Abstract
The review addresses issues pertinent to Mn accumulation and its mechanisms of transport, its neurotoxicity and mechanisms of neurodegeneration. The role of mitochondria and glia in this process is emphasized. We also discuss gene x environment interactions, focusing on the interplay between genes linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) and sensitivity to Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, 11 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
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Roth JA, Sridhar S, Singleton ST. Effect of glutamate and riluzole on manganese-induced apoptotic cell signaling in neuronally differentiated mouse P19 Cells. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:25-33. [PMID: 22543103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Excess exposure to Mn causes a neurological disorder known as manganism which is similar to dystonic movements associated with Parkinson's disease. Manganism is largely restricted to occupations in which high atmospheric levels are prevalent which include Mn miners, welders and those employed in the ferroalloy processing or related industrial settings. T1 weighted MRI images reveal that Mn is deposited to the greatest extent in the globus pallidus, an area of the brain that is presumed to be responsible for the major CNS associated symptoms. Neurons within the globus pallidus receive glutamatergic input from the subthalamic nuclei which has been suggested to be involved in the toxic actions of Mn. The neurotoxic actions of Mn and glutamate are similar in that they both affect calcium accumulation in the mitochondria leading to apoptotic cell death. In this paper, we demonstrate that the combination of Mn and glutamate potentiates toxicity of neuronally differentiated P19 cells over that observed with either agent alone. Apoptotic signals ROS, caspase 3 and JNK were increased in an additive fashion when the two neurotoxins were combined. The anti-glutamatergic drug, riluzole, was shown to attenuate these apoptotic signals and prevent P19 cell death. Results of this study confirm, for the first time, that Mn toxicity is potentiated in the presence of glutamate and that riluzole is an effective antioxidant which protects against both Mn and glutamate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Kwakye GF, Li D, Kabobel OA, Bowman AB. Cellular fura-2 manganese extraction assay (CFMEA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; Chapter 12:Unit12.18. [PMID: 21553393 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx1218s48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular manganese (Mn) uptake and transport dynamics can be measured using a cellular fura-2 manganese extraction assay (CFMEA). The assay described here uses immortalized murine striatal cell line and primary cortical astrocytes, but the method is equally adaptable to other cultured mammalian cells. An ultrasensitive fluorescent nucleic acid stain for quantification of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in solution, Quant-iT PicoGreen, has been utilized for normalization of Mn concentration in the cultured cells, following Mn (II) chloride (MnCl(2)) exposure. Depending on the cell type and density, other methods, e.g., protein determination assays or cell counts, may also be used for normalization. Methods are described for rapidly stopping Mn uptake and transport processes at specified times, extraction, and quantification of cellular Mn content, and normalization of Mn levels to dsDNA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar F Kwakye
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Novel high-throughput assay to assess cellular manganese levels in a striatal cell line model of Huntington's disease confirms a deficit in manganese accumulation. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:630-9. [PMID: 21238486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the essentiality of manganese (Mn) as a trace element necessary for a variety of physiological processes, Mn in excess accumulates in the brain and has been associated with dysfunction and degeneration of the basal ganglia. Despite the high sensitivity, limited chemical interference, and multi-elemental advantages of traditional methods for measuring Mn levels, they lack the feasibility to assess Mn transport dynamics in a high-throughput manner. Our lab has previously reported decreased net Mn accumulation in a mutant striatal cell line model of Huntington's disease (STHdh(Q111/Q111)) relative to wild-type following Mn exposure. To evaluate Mn transport dynamics in these striatal cell lines, we have developed a high-throughput fluorescence-quenching extraction assay (Cellular Fura-2 Manganese Extraction Assay - CFMEA). CFMEA utilizes changes in fura-2 fluorescence upon excitation at 360 nm (Ca(2+) isosbestic point) and emission at 535 nm, as an indirect measurement of total cellular Mn content. Here, we report the establishment, development, and application of CFMEA. Specifically, we evaluate critical extraction and assay conditions (e.g. extraction buffer, temperature, and fura-2 concentration) required for efficient extraction and quantitative detection of cellular Mn from cultured cells. Mn concentrations can be derived from quenching of fura-2 fluorescence with standard curves based on saturation one-site specific binding kinetics. Importantly, we show that extracted calcium and magnesium concentrations below 10 μM have negligible influence on measurements of Mn by fura-2. CFMEA is able to accurately measure extracted Mn levels from cultured striatal cells over a range of at least 0.1-10 μM. We have used two independent Mn supplementation approaches to validate the quantitative accuracy of CFMEA over a 0-200 μM cellular Mn-exposure range. Finally, we have utilized CFMEA to experimentally confirm a deficit in net Mn accumulation in the mutant HD striatal cell line versus wild-type cells. To conclude, we have developed and applied a novel assay to assess Mn transport dynamics in cultured striatal cell lines. CFMEA provides a rapid means of evaluating Mn transport kinetics in cellular toxicity and disease models.
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