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Pajarillo E, Kim S, Digman A, Ajayi I, Nyarko-Danquah I, Son DS, Aschner M, Lee E. Dopaminergic REST/NRSF is protective against manganese-induced neurotoxicity in mice. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107707. [PMID: 39178947 PMCID: PMC11421342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to elevated levels of manganese (Mn) may cause a neurological disorder referred to as manganism. The transcription factor REST is dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. REST upregulated tyrosine hydroxylase and induced protection against Mn toxicity in neuronal cultures. In the present study, we investigated if dopaminergic REST plays a critical role in protecting against Mn-induced toxicity in vivo using dopaminergic REST conditional knockout (REST-cKO) mice and REST loxP mice as wild-type (WT) controls. Restoration of REST in the substantia nigra (SN) with neuronal REST AAV vector infusion was performed to further support the role of REST in Mn toxicity. Mice were exposed to Mn (330 μg, intranasal, daily for 3 weeks), followed by behavioral tests and molecular biology experiments. Results showed that Mn decreased REST mRNA/protein levels in the SN-containing midbrain, as well as locomotor activity and motor coordination in WT mice, which were further decreased in REST-cKO mice. Mn-induced mitochondrial insults, such as impairment of fission/fusion and mitophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, in the midbrain of WT mice were more pronounced in REST-cKO mice. However, REST restoration in the SN of REST-cKO mice attenuated Mn-induced neurotoxicity. REST's molecular target for its protection is unclear, but REST attenuated Mn-induced mitochondrial dysregulation, indicating that it is a primary intracellular target for both Mn and REST. These novel findings suggest that dopaminergic REST in the nigrostriatal pathway is critical in protecting against Mn toxicity, underscoring REST as a potential therapeutic target for treating manganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Alexis Digman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Itunu Ajayi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Ivan Nyarko-Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
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Wei L, He H, Yang S, Shi Q, Wang X, Huang L, Lu J, Shen Y, Zhi K, Xiang J, Chen C, Mo J, Zheng Z, Zou Y, Yang X, Tang S, Li X, Lu C. Synergistic suppression of BDNF via epigenetic mechanism deteriorating learning and memory impairment caused by Mn and Pb co-exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116365. [PMID: 38657452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a dual role in neurotoxicity by releasing the NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in response to environmental stress. Suppression of BDNF is implicated in learning and memory impairment induced by exposure to manganese (Mn) or lead (Pb) individually. Methyl CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCp2) and its phosphorylation status are related to BDNF suppression. Protein phosphatase2A (PP2A), a member of the serine/threonine phosphatases family, dephosphorylates substrates based on the methylation state of its catalytic C subunit (PP2Ac). However, the specific impairment patterns and molecular mechanisms resulting from co-exposure to Mn and Pb remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Mn and Pb exposure, alone and in combination, on inducing neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of mice and BV2 cells, and to determine whether simultaneous exposure to both metals exacerbate their toxicity. Our findings reveal that co-exposure to Mn and Pb leads to severe learning and memory impairment in mice, which correlates with the accumulation of metals in the hippocampus and synergistic suppression of BDNF. This suppression is accompanied by up-regulation of the epigenetic repressor MeCp2 and its phosphorylation status, as well as demethylation of PP2Ac. Furthermore, inhibition of PP2Ac demethylation using ABL127, an inhibitor for its protein phosphatase methylesterase1 (PME1), or knockdown of MeCp2 via siRNA transfection in vitro effectively increases BDNF expression and mitigates BV2 cell damage induced by Mn and Pb co-exposure. We also observe abnormal activation of microglia characterized by enhanced release of the NLRP3 inflammasome, Casepase-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, in the hippocampus of mice and BV2 cells. In summary, our experiments demonstrate that simultaneous exposure to Mn and Pb results in more severe hippocampus-dependent learning and memory impairment, which is attributed to epigenetic suppression of BDNF mediated by PP2A regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancheng Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hongjian He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University) , Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Liyuan Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jianyong Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yinghui Shen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kaikai Zhi
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junni Xiang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chengying Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiao Mo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhijian Zheng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shen Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University) , Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Xiyi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Cailing Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Gomes-Silva AP, Cunha de Medeiros PD, Silva LN, Da Silva Araújo Santiago M, Perobelli JE. Exposure to manganese during sertoli cell formation and proliferation disturbs early testicular development in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108447. [PMID: 37499885 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a metal and important micronutrient. However, exposure to supraphysiological levels of Mn, which occur through fungicides, atmospheric emissions, drainages, and spills, has been related to health risks, including morphometric changes in the male reproductive organs and impairment on gametogenesis and sperm quality, impacting the fertile ability of adult animals. Despite the relevance of the fetal/perinatal period for toxicological studies on Mn, previous data only deal with the physical and neurological development of the offspring, without mentioning their reproductive development. The present study investigated whether exposure to Mn during fetal/perinatal phase, specifically during the period of formation and proliferation of Sertoli cells, impairs the reproductive development of male offspring in early postnatal life. Therefore, pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 3 experimental groups: Ctl (received saline solution), Mn-9 (received 9 mg/kg of MnCl2), and Mn-90 (received 90 mg/kg of MnCl2). The female rats received the experimental treatment by gavage from gestational day 13 to lactational day 15, i.e., postnatal day (PND) 15 of the pups. Oxidative damage to the genetic material of germ and Sertoli cells, together with a decrease in connexin 43 immunolabeling were observed in the testis of male pups evaluated at PND 15. In addition, an increase in the seminiferous tubules presenting slight epithelium vacuolization and cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm were observed, without apparent epididymal changes. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that Mn perturbed the initial testicular development by altering Sertoli cell integrity through oxidative insult, which may compromise the spermatogenesis in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Priscila Gomes-Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paloma da Cunha de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Nogueira Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcella Da Silva Araújo Santiago
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Zhao Q, Hao D, Chen S, Wang S, Zhou C, Shi J, Wan S, Zhang Y, He Z. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecular pathways in the iron-overloaded Tibetan population. Endocr J 2023; 70:185-196. [PMID: 36288934 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload can lead to chronic complications, serious organ dysfunction or death in the body. Under hypoxic conditions, the body needs more iron to produce red blood cells to adapt to the hypoxic environment. The prevalence of iron overload in the Tibetan population is higher than that in the Han population. To explore the molecular mechanism of iron-overload in the Tibetan population, this study investigated the transcriptome of the Tibetan iron overload population to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the iron-overloaded population and the normal iron population. Functional enrichment analysis identified key related pathways, gene modules and coexpression networks under iron-overload conditions, and the 4 genes screened out have the potential to become target genes for studying the development of iron overload. A total of 28 pathways were screened to be closely related to the occurrence and development of iron overload, showing that iron overload is extremely related to erythrocyte homeostasis, cell cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, immunity, and transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Doudou Hao
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chaohua Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sha Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yongqun Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zeng He
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Joint Action Toxicity of Arsenic (As) and Lead (Pb) Mixtures in Developing Zebrafish. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121833. [PMID: 36551261 PMCID: PMC9776292 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) are environmental pollutants found in common sites and linked to similar adverse health effects. Multiple studies have investigated the toxicity of each metal individually or in complex mixtures. Studies defining the joint interaction of a binary exposure to As and Pb, especially during the earliest stages of development, are limited and lack confirmation of the predicted mixture interaction. We hypothesized that a mixture of As (iAsIII) and Pb will have a concentration addition (CA) interaction informed by common pathways of toxicity of the two metals. To test this hypothesis, developing zebrafish (1-120 h post fertilization; hpf) were first exposed to a wide range of concentrations of As or Pb separately to determine 120 hpf lethal concentrations. These data were then used in the CA and independent action (IA) models to predict the type of mixture interaction from a co-exposure to As and Pb. Three titration mixture experiments were completed to test prediction of observed As and Pb mixture interaction by keeping the Pb concentration constant and varying As concentrations in each experiment. The prediction accuracy of the two models was then calculated using the prediction deviation ratio (PDR) and Chi-square test and regression modeling applied to determine type of interaction. Individual metal exposures determined As and Pb concentrations at which 25% (39.0 ppm Pb, 40.2 ppm As), 50% (73.8 ppm Pb, 55.4 ppm As), 75% (99.9 ppm Pb, 66.6 ppm As), and 100% (121.7 ppm Pb, 77.3 ppm As) lethality was observed at 120 hpf. These data were used to graph the predicted mixture interaction using the CA and IA models. The titration experiments provided experimental observational data to assess the prediction. PDR values showed the CA model approached 1, whereas all PDR values for the IA model had large deviations from predicted data. In addition, the Chi-square test showed most observed results were significantly different from the predictions, except in the first experiment (Pb LC25 held constant) with the CA model. Regression modeling for the IA model showed primarily a synergistic response among all exposure scenarios, whereas the CA model indicated additive response at lower exposure concentrations and synergism at higher exposure concentrations. The CA model was a better predictor of the Pb and As binary mixture interaction compared to the IA model and was able to delineate types of mixture interactions among different binary exposure scenarios.
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Schildroth S, Kordas K, Bauer JA, Wright RO, Claus Henn B. Environmental Metal Exposure, Neurodevelopment, and the Role of Iron Status: a Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:758-787. [PMID: 35997893 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposure to environmental metals, like lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and methylmercury (Me-Hg), has consistently been implicated in neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Recent research has focused on identifying modifying factors of metal neurotoxicity in childhood, such as age, sex, and co-exposures. Iron (Fe) status is critical for normal cognitive development during childhood, and current mechanistic, animal, and human evidence suggests that Fe status may be a modifier or mediator of associations between environmental metals and neurodevelopment. The goals of this review are to describe the current state of the epidemiologic literature on the role of Fe status (i.e., hemoglobin, ferritin, blood Fe concentrations) and Fe supplementation in the relationship between metals and children's neurodevelopment, and to identify research gaps. RECENT FINDINGS We identified 30 studies in PubMed and EMBASE that assessed Fe status as a modifier, mediator, or co-exposure of associations of Pb, Me-Hg, Mn, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), or metal mixtures measured in early life (prenatal period through 8 years of age) with cognition in children. In experimental studies, co-supplementation of Fe and Zn was associated with better memory and cognition than supplementation with either metal alone. Several observational studies reported interactions between Fe status and Pb, Mn, Zn, or As in relation to developmental indices, memory, attention, and behavior, whereby adverse associations of metals with cognition were worse among Fe-deficient children compared to Fe-sufficient children. Only two studies quantified joint associations of complex metal mixtures that included Fe with neurodevelopment, though findings from these studies were not consistent. Findings support memory and attention as two possible cognitive domains that may be both vulnerable to Fe deficiency and a target of metals toxicity. Major gaps in the literature remain, including evaluating Fe status as a modifier or mediator of metal mixtures and cognition. Given that Fe deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, characterizing Fe status in studies of metals toxicity is important for informing public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Oshiro WM, McDaniel KL, Beasley TE, Moser V, Herr DW. Impacts of a perinatal exposure to manganese coupled with maternal stress in rats: Learning, memory and attentional function in exposed offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 91:107077. [PMID: 35189282 PMCID: PMC10578066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The developmental effects of chemicals that co-occur in vulnerable populations with elevated psychological stress are of increasing concern to the public. To investigate these concerns, we developed a rodent model of co-occurring perinatal manipulations and conducted a series of cognitive assessments in male and female offspring. Manganese (Mn), a neurodevelopmental toxicant when exceeding physiological requirements, was delivered in the drinking water (0, 2, or 4 mg Mn/mL) of rats from gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 22. A variable perinatal stress paradigm was applied to half of the animals from GD13 to PND9. Novel object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), differential reinforcement of low-rates procedure (DRL) and cued and uncued choice reaction time (CRT) tests were used to assess cognitive functions in offspring. Mn (4 mg/mL) and stress impaired NOR in adolescent males but facilitated NOR performance in females. However, when stress and Mn were combined these effects were attenuated in both sexes. During training for the DRL, Mn (2 mg/mL) facilitated, while stress impaired, lever press learning in both sexes. Few effects related to the treatments were found on DRL or MWM. During cued CRT, Mn (2 and 4 mg/mL) and stress reduced accuracy in males, while stress and Mn (2 mg/mL) increased anticipatory responding and slowed decision time in both sexes. Stress combined with Mn (2 mg/mL) improved cued accuracy and decision time, and Mn attenuated the effect of stress on anticipatory responding in both sexes. Stress slowed female movement time but when combined with Mn (4 mg/mL) the effect of stress was attenuated. During uncued CRT, except for decision time (which replicated effects observed with the cued task), no other effects of Mn or its combination with stress occurred. Females remained negatively affected by stress in most uncued CRT performance measures, while stressed improved male uncued accuracy. Taken together these data do not support increased cognitive impairment produced by Mn when combined with stress. However, the effects of perinatal stress alone, on these cognitive functions may hinder the detection of effects due to chemical exposures and underscores the need to consider the psychological health and wellbeing of the mother and her environment in risk assessment for developmental neurotoxicity of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Oshiro
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America.
| | - K L McDaniel
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America
| | - T E Beasley
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America
| | - V Moser
- Retired, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - D W Herr
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America
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Schildroth S, Friedman A, Bauer JA, Claus Henn B. Associations of a metal mixture with iron status in U.S. adolescents: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:67-89. [PMID: 35445799 PMCID: PMC9492632 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron is needed for normal development in adolescence. Exposure to individual environmental metals (e.g., lead) has been associated with altered iron status in adolescence, but little is known about the cumulative associations of multiple metals with Fe status. We used data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine associations between a metal mixture (lead, manganese, cadmium, selenium) and iron status in 588 U.S. adolescents (12-17 years). We estimated cumulative and interactive associations of the metal mixture with five iron status metrics using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). Higher concentrations of manganese and cadmium were associated with lower log-transformed ferritin concentrations. Interactions were observed between manganese, cadmium, and lead for ferritin and the transferrin receptor, where iron status tended to be worse at higher concentrations of all metals. These results may reflect competition between environmental metals and iron for cellular uptake. Mixed metal exposures may alter normal iron function, which has implications for adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, Hanover, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lead exposure of rats during and after pregnancy induces anti-myelin proteolytic activity: a potential mechanism for lead-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2022; 472:153179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Impacts of a perinatal exposure to manganese coupled with maternal stress in rats: Tests of untrained behaviors. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 91:107088. [PMID: 35278630 PMCID: PMC9133146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an element that naturally occurs in the environment, has been shown to produce neurotoxic effects on the developing young when levels exceed physiological requirements. To evaluate the effects of this chemical in combination with non-chemical factors pregnant Long-Evans rats were treated with 0, 2, or 4 mg/mL Mn in their drinking water from gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 22. Half of the dams received a variable stress protocol from GD13 to PND9, that included restraint, small cage with reduced bedding, exposure to predator odor, intermittent intervals of white noise, lights on for 24 h, intermittent intervals of lights on during dark cycle and cages with grid floors and reduced bedding. One male and one female offspring from each litter were tested to assess untrained behavior. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) were recorded from PND13 pups while they were isolated from the litter. Locomotor activity (MA) was measured in figure-eight mazes at PND 17, 29, and 79 (different set of rats at each time point). Social approach (SA) was tested at PND48. Acoustic startle response (ASR) and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) were measured starting at PND58. At PND53 a sweetness preference for a chocolate flavored milk solution was assessed. There were sex related differences on several parameters for the USVs. There was also a Mn by stress by sex interaction with the females from the 4 mg/mL stressed dams having more frequency modulated (FM) call elements than the 4 mg/mL non-stressed group. There was an effect of Mn on motor activity but only at PND29 with the 2 mg/mL group having higher counts than the 0 mg/mL group. The social approach test showed sex differences for both the habituation and test phase. There was an effect of Mn, with the 4 mg/mL males having a greater preference for the stimulus rat than did the 0 mg/mL males. There was also a stress by sex interaction. The ASR and PPI had only a sex effect. Thus, with only the FM call elements having a Mn by stress effect, and the PND29 MA and SA preference index having a Mn effect but at different doses requires further investigation.
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Wu L, Li S, Li C, He B, Lv L, Wang J, Wang J, Wang W, Zhang Y. The role of regulatory T cells on the activation of astrocytes in the brain of high-fat diet mice following lead exposure. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109740. [PMID: 34742682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure can cause damage to the central nervous system (CNS)*. Pb can accumulate in the hippocampus, leading to learning and memory impairments. Recent studies have shown that high-fat diet (HFD) is also associated with cognitive impairment. However, there are few reports on CNS damage due to HFD and Pb exposure. We aimed to investigate the effect of Pb on cognitive functions of HFD-fed mice, focusing on the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in astrocyte activation. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, HFD, Pb, and HFD + Pb groups. TGF-β and IL-10 secreted by Treg cells and the intracellular transcription factor Foxp3 were evaluated as a measure of Treg cell function; astrocyte activation was assessed by evaluating glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. The learning and memory ability was significantly lower in the HFD + Pb group than in other groups. The brain Treg cell ratio was significantly decreased and the protein levels of TGF-β, IL-10, and Foxp3 were significantly lower, whereas the protein level of GFAP was higher in the HFD + Pb group. The hippocampus of the HFD + Pb group mice showed significantly higher levels of neurotoxic reactive astrocyte markers and astrogliosis was also much higher compared to HFD and Pb groups. Furthermore, all-trans retinoic acid treatment increased the brain Treg cell ratio, reversed cognitive decline, and suppressed astrocyte activation in the HFD + Pb group mice. We concluded that HFD along with Pb exposure could aggravate the activation of astrocytes in the brain, and the brain Treg cells may be involved in inhibiting astrocyte activation in HFD-fed mice exposed to Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Bin He
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Linyi Lv
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Jierui Wang
- Rheumatology Department, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China; Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
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12
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Impacts of a perinatal exposure to manganese coupled with maternal stress in rats: Maternal somatic measures and the postnatal growth and development of rat offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 90:107061. [PMID: 34971732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress experienced by the mother during pregnancy has been associated with emotional and cognitive disorders in children such as depression and anxiety. Socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are vulnerable to adverse life experiences and can also be disproportionally exposed to environmental contaminants. To better understand the neurodevelopmental impacts of an environmental toxicant coupled with elevated psychological stress, we exposed pregnant rats to a series of perinatal stressors. Manganese (Mn), a neurotoxicant at excessive concentrations was delivered through drinking water (0, 2, or 4 mg/mL) from gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 22. A variable stress paradigm was applied to half of the animals from GD13 to PND9. Measurements of somatic development and behavior were examined in the offspring at different developmental stages. No evidence of overt maternal toxicity was observed although the 4 mg/mL Mn-exposed dams gained less body weight during gestation compared to the other dams. Stress also reduced gestational maternal weight gain. Daily fluid consumption normalized for body weight was decreased in the Mn-exposed dams in a dose-dependent manner but was not altered by the stress paradigm. Maternal stress and/or Mn exposure did not affect litter size or viability, but pup weight was significantly reduced in the 4 mg/mL Mn-exposed groups on PNDs 9 through 34 when compared to the other offspring groups. The efficacy of the manipulations to increase maternal stress levels was determined using serum corticosterone as a biomarker. The baseline concentration was established prior to treatment (GD7) and levels were low and similar in all treatment groups. Corticosterone levels were elevated in the perinatal-stress groups compared to the no-stress groups, regardless of Mn exposure, on subsequent time points (GD16, PND9), but were only significantly different on GD16. An analysis of tissue concentrations revealed Mn was elevated similarly in the brain and blood of offspring at PND2 and at PND22 in a significant dose-dependent pattern. Dams also showed a dose-dependent increase in Mn concentrations in the brain and blood; the addition of stress increased the Mn concentrations in the maternal blood but not the brain. Perinatal stress did not alter the effects of Mn on the maternal or offspring somatic endpoints described here.
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13
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DeLoid GM, Cao X, Bitounis D, Singh D, Llopis PM, Buckley B, Demokritou P. Toxicity, uptake, and nuclear translocation of ingested micro-nanoplastics in an in vitro model of the small intestinal epithelium. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112609. [PMID: 34673181 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite mounting evidence of increasing micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in natural environments, food, and drinking water, little is known of the potential health hazards of MNPs ingestion. We assessed toxicity and uptake of environmentally relevant MNPs in an in vitro small intestinal epithelium (SIE). Test MNPs included 25 and 1000 nm polystyrene (PS) microspheres (PS25 and PS1K); 25, 100, and 1000 nm carboxyl modified PS spheres (PS25C, PS100C, and PS1KC), and secondary MNPs from incinerated polyethylene (PEI). MNPs were subjected to 3-phase digestion to mimic transformations in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and digestas applied to the SIE. Carboxylated MNPs significantly reduced viability and increased permeability to 3 kD dextran. Uptake of carboxyl PS materials was size dependent, with significantly greater uptake of PS25C. Fluorescence confocal imaging showed some PS25C agglomerates entering cells independent of endosomes (suggesting diffusion), others within actin shells (suggesting phagocytosis), and many free within the epithelial cells, including agglomerates within nuclei. Pre-treatment with the dynamin inhibitor Dyngo partially reduced PS25 translocation, suggesting a potential role for endocytosis. These findings suggest that ingestion exposures to MNPs could have serious health consequences and underscore the urgent need for additional detailed studies of the potential hazards of ingested MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen M DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paula Montero Llopis
- MicRoN Core Facility, Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental, Occupational Health and Safety Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Environmental, Occupational Health and Safety Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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14
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Wu L, Li S, Pang S, Zhang B, Wang J, He B, Lv L, Wang W, Zhao N, Zhang Y. Effects of lead exposure on the activation of microglia in mice fed with high-fat diets. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1923-1931. [PMID: 34156151 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure can cause central nervous system (CNS) damage. The process of Pb neurotoxicity is accompanied by the microglia activation. In addition, microglia activation was observed under the intervention of high-fat diets (HFD). This study was designed to investigate the effect of Pb on the cognitive function of mice with HFD, with focus on the microglia activation in brain. Male C57BL/6J mice, 8 weeks of age, were randomly divided into control, HFD, Pb, and HFD + Pb groups. The results showed that HFD following Pb exposure could exacerbate the learning and memory impairment in mice. Pb exposure could promote microglia activation and increase the expression of M1 microglia marker and decrease the expression of M2 microglia marker in the hippocampus of mice with HFD. Our finding suggested that Pb exposure may aggravate CNS damage by promoting M1 polarization and inhibiting M2 polarization of hippocampal microglia in HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Shulan Pang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- JiTang college of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Jierui Wang
- Rheumatology Department, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Bin He
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Linyi Lv
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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15
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Huntington's disease associated resistance to Mn neurotoxicity is neurodevelopmental stage and neuronal lineage dependent. Neurotoxicology 2019; 75:148-157. [PMID: 31545971 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is essential for neuronal health but neurotoxic in excess. Mn levels vary across brain regions and neurodevelopment. While Mn requirements during infanthood and childhood are significantly higher than in adulthood, the relative vulnerability to excess extracellular Mn across human neuronal developmental time and between distinct neural lineages is unknown. Neurological disease is associated with changes in brain Mn homeostasis and pathology associated with Mn neurotoxicity is not uniform across brain regions. For example, mutations associated with Huntington's disease (HD) decrease Mn bioavailability and increase resistance to Mn cytotoxicity in human and mouse striatal neuronal progenitors. Here, we sought to compare the differences in Mn cytotoxicity between control and HD human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) and maturing neurons. We hypothesized that there would be differences in Mn sensitivity between lineages and developmental stages. However, we found that the different NPC lineage specific media substantially influenced Mn cytotoxicity in the hiPSC derived human NPCs and did so consistently even in a non-human cell line. This limited the ability to determine which human neuronal sub-types were more sensitive to Mn. Nonetheless, we compared within neuronal subtypes and developmental stage the sensitivity to Mn cytotoxicity between control and HD patient derived neuronal lineages. Consistent with studies in other striatal model systems the HD genotype was associated with resistance to Mn cytotoxicity in human striatal NPCs. In addition, we report an HD genotype-dependent resistance to Mn cytotoxicity in cortical NPCs and hiPSCs. Unexpectedly, the HD genotype conferred increased sensitivity to Mn in early post-mitotic midbrain neurons but had no effect on Mn sensitivity in midbrain NPCs or post-mitotic cortical neurons. Overall, our data suggest that sensitivity to Mn cytotoxicity is influenced by HD genotype in a human neuronal lineage type and stage of development dependent manner.
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16
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Johnston JE, Franklin M, Roh H, Austin C, Arora M. Lead and Arsenic in Shed Deciduous Teeth of Children Living Near a Lead-Acid Battery Smelter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6000-6006. [PMID: 31056909 PMCID: PMC6996839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a potent neurotoxicant with no safe level of exposure. Elevated levels of Pb and arsenic (As) are found in the air and soil near facilities that recycle lead-acid batteries in the United States. In urban Los Angeles County, California, a facility processed ∼11 million batteries per year and operated for decades without proper environmental review. Measuring Pb and As in shed deciduous teeth is a promising technique to assess prenatal and early life exposure. In this pilot study coined the "Truth Fairy" Project, 50 shed deciduous teeth from 43 children living their entire lives within 2 miles of the smelter were analyzed to understand retrospective exposure to toxic metals using a community-driven research approach. Concentrations of Pb and As in teeth were assessed using laser-ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Soil Pb concentrations were determined using spatial kriging of surface soil measurements. The mean prenatal calcium normalized Pb levels in teeth samples (reported as a ratio 208Pb:43Ca) was 4.104 × 10-4 (SD 4.123 × 10-4), and the mean postnatal 208Pb:43Ca level was 4.109 × 10-4 (SD 3.369 × 10-4). Adjusted for maternal education and batch, we observe positive significant relationship between prenatal teeth Pb per 100 ppm increase in soil Pb (β = 3.48, 95% CI 1.11, 5.86). The Truth Fairy study suggests prenatal and early life exposure to toxic metals is associated with legacy soil contamination in an urban community near a smelter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Johnston
- Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles California 90032 , United States
| | - Meredith Franklin
- Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles California 90032 , United States
| | - Hannah Roh
- Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles California 90032 , United States
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
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17
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Bailey RA, Gutierrez A, Kyser TL, Hemmerle AM, Hufgard JR, Seroogy KB, Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Effects of Preweaning Manganese in Combination with Adult Striatal Dopamine Lesions on Monoamines, BDNF, TrkB, and Cognitive Function in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:606-620. [PMID: 30612279 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient especially during development, but Mn overexposure (MnOE) produces long-term cognitive deficits. Evidence of long-term changes in dopamine in the neostriatum was found in rats from developmental MnOE previously. To examine the relationship between MnOE and dopamine, we tested whether the effects of developmental MnOE would be exaggerated by dopamine reductions induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) neostriatal infusion when the rats were adults. The experiment consisted of four groups of females and males: Vehicle/Sham, MnOE/Sham, Vehicle/6-OHDA, and MnOE/6-OHDA. Both MnOE/Sham and Vehicle/6-OHDA groups displayed egocentric and allocentric memory deficits, whereas MnOE+6-OHDA had additive effects on spatial memory in the Morris water maze and egocentric learning in the Cincinnati water maze. 6-OHDA reduced dopamine in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens, reduced norepinephrine in the hippocampus, reduced TH+ cells and TrkB and TH expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), but increased TrkB in the neostriatum. MnOE alone had no effect on monoamines or TrkB in the neostriatum or hippocampus but reduced BDNF in the hippocampus. A number of sex differences were noted; however, only a few significant interactions were found for MnOE and/or 6-OHDA exposure. These data further implicate dopamine and BDNF in the cognitive deficits arising from developmental MnOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Arnold Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Tara L Kyser
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ann M Hemmerle
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jillian R Hufgard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kim B Seroogy
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Michael T Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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18
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Gomes Silva AP, da Silva Araujo Santiago M, Maranho LA, de Oliveira RP, Constantino DHJ, Pereira CDS, da Silva RCB, Perobelli JE. Could male reproductive system be the main target of subchronic exposure to manganese in adult animals? Toxicology 2018; 409:1-12. [PMID: 29990519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the most common chemical elements on Earth and an essential micronutrient in animal organism. However, in supraphysiological levels and long-term exposures, it is a potential toxicant. Although nervous system is the most studied in relation to Mn toxicity, other tissues can have their function impaired by Mn in high doses. The present study investigated the possible adverse effects of subchronic exposure to supraphysiologic level of Mn (5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on reproductive, neurobehavioral, renal and hepatic parameters of male rats. For the first time, the vulnerability of these parameters to Mn was concomitantly investigated. While our results demonstrate that Mn treatments were not sufficient to produce a marked effect of neurotoxic, hepatotoxic or renal toxicity in adult rats, we found typical indicators of reproductive toxicity such as histopathological changes (major in testes and epididymis) and impaired sperm concentration and quality. Mn, under these experimental conditions, seems to exert reproductive toxicity by different testicular mechanisms, i.e. direct and indirect action on germ cells. On the other hand, exposure to Mn did not change the pattern of cognitive and emotional behaviors and the histological organization of kidneys of experimental rats. The liver showed a weight increasement and hidropic degeneration, probable due to the detoxification overload. In summary, for the first time it was demonstrated that adult male reproductive system was more sensitive to Mn toxicity than nervous, hepatic and renal systems, although nervous system is known as the main target tissue of this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Priscila Gomes Silva
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcella da Silva Araujo Santiago
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodolpho Pereira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia da Esquizofrenia, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Regina Cláudia Barbosa da Silva
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia da Esquizofrenia, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Ashley-Martin J, Dodds L, Arbuckle TE, Ettinger AS, Shapiro GD, Fisher M, Monnier P, Morisset AS, Fraser WD, Bouchard MF. Maternal and cord blood manganese (Mn) levels and birth weight: The MIREC birth cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:876-882. [PMID: 29886104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have hypothesized that both insufficient and excess blood manganese (Mn) levels during pregnancy are associated with reduced fetal growth. This literature is characterized by inconsistent results and a limited focus on women with exposures representative of the general North American population. We examined the relationship between maternal and cord blood Mn levels and fetal growth among women enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study (MIREC). Mothers with singleton, term infants and complete maternal first and third trimester blood Mn data were eligible for inclusion in the present study (n = 1519). Mean birth weight and odds ratios of small for gestational age (SGA) births according to maternal and cord blood Mn levels (low (<10), referent (10-<90), high (≥90) percentiles) were estimated. We also evaluated the association between the ratio of cord and maternal blood Mn and birth weight. Women with low (<0.82 μg/dL) maternal blood third trimester Mn levels had infants that weighed an average of 64.7 g (95% CI: -142.3,12.8) less than infants born to women in the referent exposure group. This association was strengthened and became statistically significant when adjusted for toxic metals (lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium) [-83.3 g (95% CI: -162.4, -4.1)]. No statistically significant associations were observed in models of maternal first trimester or cord blood Mn. A one unit increase in the cord/maternal blood Mn ratio was associated with a 29.4 g (95% CI: -50.2, -8.7), when adjusted for maternal and neonatal characteristics. Our findings motivate additional research regarding the relation between Mn exposure and fetal growth. Further inquiry is necessary to determine whether an exposure threshold exists, how growth related effects of maternal and fetal Mn may differ, and how concurrent exposure to other toxic metals may impact the association between Mn and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Dodds
- Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, B3K6R8, Canada.
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | | | - Gabriel D Shapiro
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada.
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Patricia Monnier
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Anne-Sophie Morisset
- Centre hospitalier de l'universite Laval, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - William D Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Maryse F Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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20
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Sprowles JLN, Amos-Kroohs RM, Braun AA, Sugimoto C, Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Developmental manganese, lead, and barren cage exposure have adverse long-term neurocognitive, behavioral and monoamine effects in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 67:50-64. [PMID: 29631003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developmental stress, including low socioeconomic status (SES), can induce dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and result in long-term changes in stress reactivity. Children in lower SES households experience more stress and are more likely to be exposed to environmental neurotoxins such as lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) than children in higher SES households. Co-exposure to stress, Pb, and Mn during early development may increase the risk of central nervous system dysfunction compared with unexposed children. To investigate the potential interaction of these factors, Sprague-Dawley rats were bred, and litters born in-house were culled on postnatal day (P)1 to 6 males and 6 females. One male and female within each litter were assigned to one of the following groups: 0 (vehicle), 10 mg/kg Pb, 100 mg/kg Mn, or 10 mg/kg Pb + 100 mg/kg Mn (PbMn), water gavage, and handled only from P4-28 with half the litters reared in cages with standard bedding (29 litters) and half with no bedding (Barren; 27 litters). Mn and PbMn groups had decreased anxiety, reduced acoustic startle, initial open-field hypoactivity, increased activity following (+)-methamphetamine, deficits in egocentric learning in the Cincinnati water maze (CWM), and deficits in latent inhibition conditioning. Pb increased anxiety and reduced open-field activity. Barren-reared rats had decreased anxiety, CWM deficits, increased startle, and initial open-field hyperactivity. Mn, PbMn, Pb Barren-reared groups had impaired Morris water maze performance. Pb altered neostriatal serotonin and norepinephrine, Mn increased hippocampal serotonin in males, Mn + Barren-rearing increased neostriatal serotonin, and Barren-rearing decreased neostriatal dopamine in males. At the doses used here, most effects were in the Mn and PbMn groups. Few interactions between Mn, Pb, and rearing stress were found, indicating that the interaction of these three variables is not as impactful as hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L N Sprowles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Rhodes College, Department of Psychology, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, United States.
| | - Robyn M Amos-Kroohs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Virginia Department of Forensic Science, 700 North Fifth St, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Amanda A Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Chiho Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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Saputra D, Chang J, Lee BJ, Yoon JH, Kim J, Lee K. Short-term manganese inhalation decreases brain dopamine transporter levels without disrupting motor skills in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 41:391-402. [PMID: 27193731 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is used in industrial metal alloys and can be released into the atmosphere during methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl combustion. Increased Mn deposition in the brain after long-term exposure to the metal by inhalation is associated with altered dopamine metabolism and neurobehavioral problems, including impaired motor skills. However, neurotoxic effects of short-term exposure to inhaled Mn are not completely characterized. The purpose of this study is to define the neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects of short-term inhalation exposure to Mn at a high concentration using rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to MnCl2 aerosol in a nose-only inhalation chamber for 3 weeks (1.2 µm, 39 mg/m(3)). Motor coordination was tested on the day after the last exposure using a rotarod device at a fixed speed of 10 rpm for 2 min. Also, dopamine transporter and dopamine receptor protein expression levels in the striatum region of the brain were determined by Western blot analysis. At a rotarod speed of 10 rpm, there were no significant differences in the time on the bar before the first fall or the number of falls during the two-minute test observed in the exposed rats, as compared with controls. The Mn-exposed group had significantly higher Mn levels in the lung, blood, olfactory bulb, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum compared with the control group. A Mn concentration gradient was observed from the olfactory bulb to the striatum, supporting the idea that Mn is transported via the olfactory pathway. Our results demonstrated that inhalation exposure to 39 mg/m(3) Mn for 3 weeks induced mild lung injury and modulation of dopamine transporter expression in the brain, without altering motor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Saputra
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea
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22
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Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030227. [PMID: 28245579 PMCID: PMC5369063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements, including zinc (Zn) and germanium (Ge), are essential for health; deficiency or excess levels of trace elements results is harmful. As a result of industrial and agricultural production, Pb widely exists in people’s living environment. It is absorbed mainly through the respiratory and digestive tracts, producing systemic harm. Reference values for a normal, healthy population are necessary for health assessment, prevention and treatment of related diseases, and evaluation of occupational exposures. Reference ranges for the Chinese population have not been established. From March 2009 to February 2010; we collected data and blood samples (n = 1302) from residents aged 6–60 years living in Shandong Province, China. We measured blood concentrations of Zn, Ge, and Pb using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine reference ranges. Results were stratified by factors likely to affect the concentrations of these trace elements: sex, use of cosmetics or hair dye, age, alcohol intake, smoking habits, and consumption of fried food. The overall geometric mean (GM) concentrations (95% confidence interval) were 3.14 (3.08–3.20) mg/L for Zn, 19.9 (19.3–20.6) μg/L for Ge, and 24.1 (23.2–25.1) μg/L for Pb. Blood Zn concentrations were higher in women than in men (p < 0.001), while the opposite was found for Pb (p < 0.001) and sex did not influence Ge (p = 0.095). Alcohol use was associated with higher blood concentrations of Zn (p = 0.002), Ge (p = 0.002), and Pb (p = 0.001). The GM concentration of Zn was highest in 20–30-year-olds (p < 0.001), while Pb concentrations were highest in 12–16-year-olds (p < 0.001). Use of hair dye was associated with lower blood concentrations of Ge (p < 0.05). GM blood concentrations of Pb differed significantly between those who consumed fried foods 1–2 times/month (18.7 μg/L), 1–2 times/week (20.9 μg/L), and every day (28.5 μg/L; p < 0.001). Blood Pb concentrations were higher in subjects who used cosmetics (p < 0.05), hair dye (p < 0.05), and who smoked cigarettes (p < 0.001) than in those who did not.
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Andrade VM, Aschner M, Marreilha dos Santos AP. Neurotoxicity of Metal Mixtures. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 18:227-265. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Fernandes J, Hao L, Bijli KM, Chandler JD, Orr M, Hu X, Jones DP, Go YM. From the Cover: Manganese Stimulates Mitochondrial H2O2 Production in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells Over Physiologic as well as Toxicologic Range. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:213-223. [PMID: 27701121 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an abundant redox-active metal with well-characterized mitochondrial accumulation and neurotoxicity due to excessive exposures. Mn is also an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial antioxidant protein, superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2), and the range for adequate intake established by the Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board is 20% of the interim guidance value for toxicity by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, leaving little margin for safety. To study toxic mechanisms over this critical dose range, we treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with a series of MnCl2 concentrations (from 0 to 100 μM) and measured cellular content to compare to human brain Mn content. Concentrations ≤10 μM gave cellular concentrations comparable to literature values for normal human brain, whereas concentrations ≥50 μM resulted in values comparable to brains from individuals with toxic Mn exposures. Cellular oxygen consumption rate increased as a function of Mn up to 10 μM and decreased with Mn dose ≥50 μM. Over this range, Mn had no effect on superoxide production as measured by aconitase activity or MitoSOX but increased H2O2 production as measured by MitoPY1. Consistent with increased production of H2O2, SOD2 activity, and steady-state oxidation of total thiol increased with increasing Mn. These findings have important implications for Mn toxicity by re-directing attention from superoxide anion radical to H2O2-dependent mechanisms and to investigation over the entire physiologic range to toxicologic range. Additionally, the results show that controlled Mn exposure provides a useful cell manipulation for toxicological studies of mitochondrial H2O2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Rogers JT, Venkataramani V, Washburn C, Liu Y, Tummala V, Jiang H, Smith A, Cahill CM. A role for amyloid precursor protein translation to restore iron homeostasis and ameliorate lead (Pb) neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2016; 138:479-94. [PMID: 27206843 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron supplementation ameliorates the neurotoxicity of the environmental contaminant lead (Pb); however, the mechanism remains undefined. Iron is an essential nutrient but high levels are toxic due to the catalytic generation of destructive hydroxyl radicals. Using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to model human neurons, we investigated the effect of Pb on proteins of iron homeostasis: the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP), which stabilizes the iron exporter ferroportin 1; and, the heavy subunit of the iron-storage protein, ferritin (FTH). Lead (Pb(II) and Pb(IV) inhibited APP translation and raised cytosolic iron(II). Lead also increased iron regulatory protein-1 binding to the cognate 5'untranslated region-specific iron-responsive element (IRE) of APP and FTH mRNAs. Concurrent iron treatment rescued cells from Pb toxicity by specifically restoring APP synthesis, i.e. levels of the APP-related protein, APLP-2, were unchanged. Significantly, iron/IRE-independent over-expression of APP695 protected SH-SY5Y cells from Pb toxicity, demonstrating that APP plays a key role in maintaining safe levels of intracellular iron. Overall, our data support a model of neurotoxicity where Pb enhances iron regulatory protein/IRE-mediated repression of APP and FTH translation. We propose novel treatment options for Pb poisoning to include chelators and the use of small molecules to maintain APP and FTH translation. We propose the following cascade for Lead (Pb) toxicity to neurons; by targeting the interaction between Iron regulatory protein-1 and Iron-responsive elements, Pb caused translational repression of proteins that control intracellular iron homeostasis, including the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP) that stabilizes the iron exporter ferroportin, and the ferroxidase heavy subunit of the iron-storage protein, ferritin. When unregulated, IRE-independent over-expression of APP695 protected SH-SY5Y neurons from Pb toxicity. There is a novel and key role for APP in maintaining safe levels of intracellular iron pertinent to lead toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Washburn
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vinusha Tummala
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-K.C., Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Han M, Chang J, Kim J. Loss of divalent metal transporter 1 function promotes brain copper accumulation and increases impulsivity. J Neurochem 2016; 138:918-28. [PMID: 27331785 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a major iron transporter required for iron absorption and erythropoiesis. Loss of DMT1 function results in microcytic anemia. While iron plays an important role in neural function, the behavioral consequences of DMT1 deficiency are largely unexplored. The goal of this study was to define the neurobehavioral and neurochemical phenotypes of homozygous Belgrade (b/b) rats that carry DMT1 mutation and explore potential mechanisms of these phenotypes. The b/b rats (11-12 weeks old) and their healthy littermate heterozygous (+/b) Belgrade rats were subject to elevated plus maze tasks. The b/b rats spent more time in open arms, entered open arms more frequently and traveled more distance in the maze than +/b controls, suggesting increased impulsivity. Impaired emotional behavior was associated with down-regulation of GABA in the hippocampus in b/b rats. Also, b/b rats showed increased GABAA receptor α1 and GABA transporter, indicating altered GABAergic function. Furthermore, metal analysis revealed that b/b rats have decreased total iron, but normal non-heme iron, in the brain. Interestingly, b/b rats exhibited unusually high copper levels in most brain regions, including striatum and hippocampus. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that both copper importer copper transporter 1 and exporter copper-transporting ATPase 1 were up-regulated in the hippocampus from b/b rats. Finally, b/b rats exhibited increased 8-isoprostane levels and decreased glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio in the hippocampus, reflecting elevated oxidative stress. Combined, our results suggest that copper loading in DMT1 deficiency could induce oxidative stress and impair GABA metabolism, which promote impulsivity-like behavior. Iron-copper model: Mutations in the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) decrease body iron status and up-regulate copper absorption, which leads to copper loading in the brain and consequently increases metal-induced oxidative stress. This event disrupts GABAergic neurotransmission and promotes impulsivity-like behavior. Our model provides better understanding of physiological risks associated with imbalanced metal metabolism in mental function and, more specifically, the interactions with GABA and redox control in the treatment of emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murui Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - JuOae Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Amos-Kroohs RM, Davenport LL, Gutierrez A, Hufgard JR, Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Developmental manganese exposure in combination with developmental stress and iron deficiency: Effects on behavior and monoamines. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 56:55-67. [PMID: 27302314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element but neurotoxic at higher exposures, however, Mn exposure seldom occurs in isolation. It often co-occurs in populations with inadequate dietary iron (Fe) and limited resources that result in stress. Subclinical FeD affects up to 15% of U.S. children and exacerbates Mn toxicity by increasing Mn bioavailability. Therefore, we investigated Mn overexposure (MnOE) in rats in combination with Fe deficiency (FeD) and developmental stress, for which we used barren cage rearing. For barren cage rearing (BAR), rats were housed in cages with a wire grid floor or standard bedding material (STD) from embryonic day (E)7 through postnatal day (P)28. For FeD, dams were fed a 90% Fe-deficient NIH-07 diet from E15 through P28. Within each litter, different offspring were treated with 100mg/kg Mn (MnOE) or vehicle (VEH) by gavage every other day from P4-28. Behavior was assessed at two ages and consisted of: open-field, anxiety tests, acoustic startle response (ASR) with prepulse inhibition (PPI), sociability, sucrose preference, tapered beam crossing, and the Porsolt's forced swim test. MnOE had main effects of decreasing activity, ASR, social preference, and social novelty. BAR and FeD transiently modified MnOE effects. BAR groups weighed less and showed decreased anxiety in the elevated zero maze, had increased ASR and decreased PPI, and exhibited reduced sucrose preference compared with the STD groups. FeD animals also weighed less and had increased slips on the tapered beam. Most of the monoamine effects were dopaminergic and occurred in the MnOE groups. The results showed that Mn is a pervasive developmental neurotoxin, the effects of which are modulated by FeD and/or BAR cage rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Amos-Kroohs
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Laurie L Davenport
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 3223 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States
| | - Arnold Gutierrez
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Jillian R Hufgard
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Michael T Williams
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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28
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Alsulimani HH, Ye Q, Kim J. Effect of Hfe Deficiency on Memory Capacity and Motor Coordination after Manganese Exposure by Drinking Water in Mice. Toxicol Res 2016; 31:347-54. [PMID: 26877837 PMCID: PMC4751444 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2015.31.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic. Increased manganese stores in the brain are associated with a number of behavioral problems, including motor dysfunction, memory loss and psychiatric disorders. We previously showed that the transport and neurotoxicity of manganese after intranasal instillation of the metal are altered in Hfe-deficient mice, a mouse model of the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). However, it is not fully understood whether loss of Hfe function modifies Mn neurotoxicity after ingestion. To investigate the role of Hfe in oral Mn toxicity, we exposed Hfe-knockout (Hfe (-/-)) and their control wild-type (Hfe (+/+)) mice to MnCl2 in drinking water (5 mg/mL) for 5 weeks. Motor coordination and spatial memory capacity were determined by the rotarod test and the Barnes maze test, respectively. Brain and liver metal levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Compared with the water-drinking group, mice drinking Mn significantly increased Mn concentrations in the liver and brain of both genotypes. Mn exposure decreased iron levels in the liver, but not in the brain. Neither Mn nor Hfe deficiency altered tissue concentrations of copper or zinc. The rotarod test showed that Mn exposure decreased motor skills in Hfe (+/+) mice, but not in Hfe (-/-) mice (p = 0.023). In the Barns maze test, latency to find the target hole was not altered in Mn-exposed Hfe (+/+) compared with water-drinking Hfe (+/+) mice. However, Mn-exposed Hfe (-/-) mice spent more time to find the target hole than Mn-drinking Hfe (+/+) mice (p = 0.028). These data indicate that loss of Hfe function impairs spatial memory upon Mn exposure in drinking water. Our results suggest that individuals with hemochromatosis could be more vulnerable to memory deficits induced by Mn ingestion from our environment. The pathophysiological role of HFE in manganese neurotoxicity should be carefully examined in patients with HFE-associated hemochromatosis and other iron overload disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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Menon AV, Chang J, Kim J. Mechanisms of divalent metal toxicity in affective disorders. Toxicology 2015; 339:58-72. [PMID: 26551072 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metals are required for proper brain development and play an important role in a number of neurobiological functions. The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a major metal transporter involved in the absorption and metabolism of several essential metals like iron and manganese. However, non-essential divalent metals are also transported through this transporter. Therefore, altered expression of DMT1 can modify the absorption of toxic metals and metal-induced toxicity. An accumulating body of evidence has suggested that increased metal stores in the brain are associated with elevated oxidative stress promoted by the ability of metals to catalyze redox reactions, resulting in abnormal neurobehavioral function and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Metal overload has also been implicated in impaired emotional behavior, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood with limited information. The current review focuses on psychiatric dysfunction associated with imbalanced metabolism of metals that are transported by DMT1. The investigations with respect to the toxic effects of metal overload on behavior and their underlying mechanisms of toxicity could provide several new therapeutic targets to treat metal-associated affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JuOae Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Kayaalti Z, Kaya-Akyüzlü D, Söylemez E, Söylemezoğlu T. Maternal hemochromatosis gene H63D single-nucleotide polymorphism and lead levels of placental tissue, maternal and umbilical cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:456-461. [PMID: 25981872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Human hemochromatosis protein (HFE), a major histocompatibility complex class I-like integral membrane protein, participates in the down regulation of intestinal iron absorption by binding to transferrin receptor (TR). HFE competes with transferrin-bound iron for the TR and thus reduces uptake of iron into cells. On the other hand, a lack of HFE increases the intestinal absorption of iron similarly to iron deficiency associated with increasing in absorption and deposition of lead. During pregnancy, placenta cannot prevent transfer lead to the fetus; even low-level lead poisoning causes neurodevelopmental toxicity in children. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the maternal HFE H63D single-nucleotide polymorphism and lead levels in placental tissue, maternal blood and umbilical cord bloods. The study population comprised 93 mother-placenta pairs. Venous blood from mother was collected to investigate lead levels and HFE polymorphism that was detected by standard PCR-RFLP technique. Cord bloods and placentas were collected for lead levels which were analyzed by dual atomic absorption spectrometer system. The HFE H63D genotype frequencies of mothers were found as 75.3% homozygote typical (HH), 23.6% heterozygote (HD) and 1.1% homozygote atypical (DD). Our study results showed that the placental tissue, umbilical cord and maternal blood lead levels of mothers with HD+DD genotypes were significantly higher than those with HH genotype (p<0.05). The present study indicated for the first time that mothers with H63D gene variants have higher lead levels of their newborn's placentas and umbilical cord bloods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Kayaalti
- Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Esma Söylemez
- Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara, Turkey; Middle Black Sea Passage Generation of Agricultural Research Station Director, Tokat, Turkey
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31
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Ye Q, Kim J. Effect of olfactory manganese exposure on anxiety-related behavior in a mouse model of iron overload hemochromatosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:333-41. [PMID: 26189056 PMCID: PMC4522346 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Manganese in excess promotes unstable emotional behavior. Our previous study showed that olfactory manganese uptake into the brain is altered in Hfe(-/-) mice, a model of iron overload hemochromatosis, suggesting that Hfe deficiency could modify the neurotoxicity of airborne manganese. We determined anxiety-related behavior and monoaminergic protein expression after repeated intranasal instillation of MnCl2 to Hfe(-/-) mice. Compared with manganese-instilled wild-type mice, Hfe(-/-) mice showed decreased manganese accumulation in the cerebellum. Hfe(-/-) mice also exhibited increased anxiety with decreased exploratory activity and elevated dopamine D1 receptor and norepinephrine transporter in the striatum. Moreover, Hfe deficiency attenuated manganese-associated impulsivity and modified the effect of manganese on the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, vesicular monoamine transporter and serotonin transporter. Together, our data indicate that loss of HFE function alters manganese-associated emotional behavior and further suggest that HFE could be a potential molecular target to alleviate affective disorders induced by manganese inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Dimovasili C, Aschner M, Plaitakis A, Zaganas I. Differential interaction of hGDH1 and hGDH2 with manganese: Implications for metabolism and toxicity. Neurochem Int 2015; 88:60-5. [PMID: 25837286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that serves as co-factor for many important mammalian enzymes. In humans, the importance of this cation is highlighted by the fact that low levels of Mn cause developmental and metabolic abnormalities and, on the other hand, chronic exposure to excessive amounts of Mn is characterized by neurotoxicity, possibly mediated by perturbation of astrocytic mitochondrial energy metabolism. Here we sought to study the effect of Mn on the two human glutamate dehydrogenases (hGDH1 and hGDH2, respectively), key mitochondrial enzymes involved in numerous cellular processes, including mitochondrial metabolism, glutamate homeostasis and neurotransmission, and cell signaling. Our studies showed that, compared to magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), Mn exerted a significant inhibitory effect on both human isoenzymes with hGDH2 being more sensitive than hGDH1, especially under conditions of low ADP levels. Specifically, in the presence of 0.25 mM ADP, the Mn IC50 was 1.14 ± 0.02 mM and 1.54 ± 0.08 mM for hGDH2 and for hGDH1, respectively (p = 0.0001). Increasing Mn levels potentiated this differential effect, with 3 mM Mn inhibiting hGDH2 by 96.5% and hGDH1 by 70.2%. At 1 mM ADP, the Mn IC50 was 1.84 ± 0.02 mM and 2.04 ± 0.07 mM (p = 0.01) for hGDH2 and hGDH1, respectively, with 3 mM Mn inhibiting hGDH2 by 93.6% and hGDH1 by 70.9%. These results were due to the sigmoidal inhibitory curve of Mn that was more pronounced for hGDH2 than for hGDH1. Indeed, at 0.25 mM, the Hill coefficient value was higher for hGDH2 (3.42 ± 0.20) than for hGDH1 (1.94 ± 0.25; p = 0.0002) indicating that interaction of Mn with hGDH2 was substantially more co-operative than for hGDH1. These findings, showing an enhanced sensitivity of the hGDH2 isoenzyme to Mn, especially at low ADP levels, might be of pathophysiological relevance under conditions of Mn neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dimovasili
- Neurology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Plaitakis
- Neurology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zaganas
- Neurology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Chang J, Kueon C, Kim J. Influence of lead on repetitive behavior and dopamine metabolism in a mouse model of iron overload. Toxicol Res 2015; 30:267-76. [PMID: 25584146 PMCID: PMC4289927 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2014.30.4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposures to lead (Pb) are associated with neurological problems including psychiatric disorders and impaired learning and memory. Pb can be absorbed by iron transporters, which are up-regulated in hereditary hemochromatosis, an iron overload disorder in which increased iron deposition in various parenchymal organs promote metal-induced oxidative damage. While dysfunction in HFE (High Fe) gene is the major cause of hemochromatosis, the transport and toxicity of Pb in Hfe-related hemochromatosis are largely unknown. To elucidate the relationship between HFE gene dysfunction and Pb absorption, H67D knock-in Hfe-mutant and wild-type mice were given drinking water containing Pb 1.6 mg/ml ad libitum for 6 weeks and examined for behavioral phenotypes using the nestlet-shredding and marble-burying tests. Latency to nestlet-shredding in Pb-treated wild-type mice was prolonged compared with non-exposed wild-types (p < 0.001), whereas Pb exposure did not alter shredding latency in Hfe-mutant mice. In the marble-burying test, Hfe-mutant mice showed an increased number of marbles buried compared with wild-type mice (p = 0.002), indicating more repetitive behavior upon Hfe mutation. Importantly, Pb-exposed wild-type mice buried more marbles than non-exposed wild-types, whereas the number of marbles buried by Hfe-mutant mice did not change whether or not exposed to Pb. These results suggest that Hfe mutation could normalize Pb-induced behavioral alteration. To explore the mechanism of repetitive behavior caused by Pb, western blot analysis was conducted for proteins involved in brain dopamine metabolism. The levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter increased upon Pb exposure in both genotypes, whereas Hfe-mutant mice displayed down-regulation of the dopamine transporter and dopamine D1 receptor with D2 receptor elevated. Taken together, our data support the idea that both Pb exposure and Hfe mutation increase repetitive behavior in mice and further suggest that these behavioral changes could be associated with altered dopaminergic neurotransmission, providing a therapeutic basis for psychiatric disorders caused by Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuOae Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chojin Kueon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Effects of developmental exposure to manganese and/or low iron diet: Changes to metal transporters, sucrose preference, elevated zero-maze, open-field, and locomotion in response to fenfluramine, amphetamine, and MK-801. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1046-1056. [PMID: 26295019 PMCID: PMC4538693 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese overexposure (MnOE) can be neurotoxic. In humans this can occur through occupational exposure, air or water contamination, well water, soy milk, and some baby formulas. In children MnOE has been associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits. The effects of MnOE may be modified by factors such as iron status. We hypothesized that developmental MnOE would be exacerbated by iron deficiency. A diet with a 90% decrease in iron (FeD) was given to gravid female rats starting on embryonic day 15 and continued through postnatal day (P)28. Mn (100 mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH) was administered by gavage every other day from P4-28. Metal transporters and receptors (divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1), transferrin (Tf), transferrin receptor (TfR), and zip8 (zrt8)) were quantified in brain at P28. These markers were increased but the changes were specific: MnOE increased TfR and decreased Tf in hippocampus, whereas FeD increased TfR in neostriatum and increased TfR and DMT1 in the hippocampus, and the combination increased TfR in neostriatum (zip8 was unaffected). Identically treated animals were tested behaviorally at P29 or P60. The combination of FeD+MnOE increased head dips in an elevated zero-maze, reversed deficits in sucrose preference induced by MnOE alone, and increased spontaneous locomotion in an open-field. Rats were also evaluated for changes in locomotor activity after challenge with (±)-fenfluramine (FEN, a 5-HT agonist: 5 mg/kg), MK-801 (MK801, an NMDA antagonist: 0.2 mg/kg), or (+)amphetamine (AMPH, a dopamine agonist: 1 mg/kg). Compared with VEH animals, MnOE animals were more hyperactive after fenfluramine, amphetamine, or MK-801, regardless of FeD exposure. The results indicate persistent effects of developmental MnOE on brain and behavior but few interactions with dietary iron deficiency.
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Mora AM, van Wendel de Joode B, Mergler D, Córdoba L, Cano C, Quesada R, Smith DR, Menezes-Filho JA, Eskenazi B. Maternal blood and hair manganese concentrations, fetal growth, and length of gestation in the ISA cohort in Costa Rica. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:47-56. [PMID: 25460620 PMCID: PMC4262687 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies have shown that both deficiency and excess manganese (Mn) may result in decreased fetal size and weight, but human studies have reported inconsistent results. METHODS We examined the association of blood and hair Mn concentrations measured at different times during pregnancy with fetal growth among term births and length of gestation in a cohort of 380 mother-infant pairs living near banana plantations aerially sprayed with Mn-containing fungicides in Costa Rica. We used linear regression and generalized additive models to test for linear and nonlinear associations RESULTS Mean (± SD) blood Mn concentration was 24.4 ± 6.6 μg/L and geometric mean (geometric SD) hair Mn concentration was 1.8 (3.2) μg/g. Hair Mn concentrations during the second and third trimesters of gestation were positively related to infant chest circumference (β for 10-fold increase = 0.62 cm; 95% CI: 0.16, 1.08; and β = 0.55 cm; 95% CI: -0.16, 1.26, respectively). Similarly, average maternal hair Mn concentrations during pregnancy were associated with increased chest circumference (β for 10-fold increase = 1.19 cm; 95% CI: 0.43, 1.95) in infants whose mothers did not have gestational anemia, but not in infants of mothers who had gestational anemia (β = 0.39 cm; 95% CI: -0.32, 1.10; pINT=0.14). All these associations were linear. Blood Mn concentrations did not show consistent linear nor nonlinear relationships with any of the birth outcomes CONCLUSIONS Mn plays an important role in fetal development, but the extent to which environmental exposures may cause adverse health effects to the developing fetus is not well understood. Among women living near banana plantations in Costa Rica, we did not observe linear or nonlinear associations of Mn concentrations with lowered birth weight or head circumference, as reported in previous studies. However, we did find positive linear associations between maternal hair Mn concentrations during pregnancy and infant chest circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Mora
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 86-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica; Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Ave, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - Berna van Wendel de Joode
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 86-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Donna Mergler
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Biologie, la Santé, la Société et l' Environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, Pavillon des sciences, 141, Avenue du Président Kennedy, H2× 1Y4 Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Leonel Córdoba
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 86-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Camilo Cano
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 86-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Rosario Quesada
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 86-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Donald R Smith
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Ave, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
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Zhou F, Chen Y, Fan G, Feng C, Du G, Zhu G, Li Y, Jiao H, Guan L, Wang Z. Lead-induced iron overload and attenuated effects of ferroportin 1 overexpression in PC12 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1339-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Zebrafish as a Model for Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment: The Application of the Zebrafish in Defining the Effects of Arsenic, Methylmercury, or Lead on Early Neurodevelopment. TOXICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/toxics2030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Andrade V, Mateus ML, Santos D, Aschner M, Batoreu MC, Marreilha dos Santos AP. Arsenic and manganese alter lead deposition in the rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:384-91. [PMID: 24715659 PMCID: PMC4041197 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) continues to be a major toxic metal in the environment. Pb exposure frequently occurs in the presence of other metals, such as arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn). Continued exposure to low levels of these metals may lead to long-term toxic effects due to their accumulation in several organs. Despite the recognition that metals in a mixture may alter each other's toxicity by affecting deposition, there is dearth of information on their interactions in vivo. In this work, we investigated the effect of As and Mn on Pb tissue deposition, focusing on the kidney, brain, and liver. Wistar rats were treated with eight doses of each single metal, Pb (5 mg/Kg bw), As (60 mg/L), and Mn 10 mg/Kg bw), or the same doses in a triple metal mixture. The kidney, brain, liver, blood, and urine Pb, As, and Mn concentrations were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Pb kidney, brain, and liver concentrations in the metal-mixture-treated group were significantly increased compared to the Pb-alone-treated group, being more pronounced in the kidney (5.4-fold), brain (2.5-fold), and liver (1.6-fold). Urinary excretion of Pb in the metal-mixture-treated rats significantly increased compared with the Pb-treated group, although blood Pb concentrations were analogous to the Pb-treated group. Co-treatment with As, Mn, and Pb alters Pb deposition compared to Pb alone treatment, increasing Pb accumulation predominantly in the kidney and brain. Blood Pb levels, unlike urine, do not reflect the increased Pb deposition in the kidney and brain. Taken together, the results suggest that the nephro- and neurotoxicity of "real-life" Pb exposure scenarios should be considered within the context of metal mixture exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Andrade
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - ML Mateus
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D Santos
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461 NY, USA
| | - MC Batoreu
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - AP Marreilha dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Bowman AB, Aschner M. Considerations on manganese (Mn) treatments for in vitro studies. Neurotoxicology 2014; 41:141-2. [PMID: 24509086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an environmental risk factor for neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration of the basal ganglia and other brain regions. Aberrant brain Mn levels have been linked to manganism, Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and other neurological disorders. Research on the cellular basis of Mn neurotoxicity has relied upon in vitro or non-human model systems. However, an analysis of relevant Mn concentrations for in vitro studies is lacking - and few studies have examined intracellular Mn levels. Here we perform calculations to evaluate in vitro exposure paradigms in relation to relevant in vivo levels of Mn post-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
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Vorhees CV, Graham DL, Amos-Kroohs RM, Braun AA, Grace CE, Schaefer TL, Skelton MR, Erikson KM, Aschner M, Williams MT. Effects of developmental manganese, stress, and the combination of both on monoamines, growth, and corticosterone. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:1046-1061. [PMID: 25574457 PMCID: PMC4285371 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental exposure to manganese (Mn) or stress can each be detrimental to brain development. Here, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to two housing conditions and Mn from postnatal day (P)4–28. Within each litter two males and two females were assigned to the following groups: 0 (vehicle), 50, or 100 mg/kg Mn by gavage every other day. Half the litters were reared in cages with standard bedding and half with no bedding. One pair/group in each litter had an acute shallow water stressor before tissue collection (i.e., standing in shallow water). Separate litters were assessed at P11, 19, or 29. Mn-treated rats raised in standard cages showed no change in baseline corticosterone but following acute stress increased more than controls on P19; no Mn effects were seen on P11 or P29. Mn increased neostriatal dopamine in females at P19 and norepinephrine at P11 and P29. Mn increased hippocampal dopamine at P11 and P29 and 5-HT at P29 regardless of housing or sex. Mn had no effect on hypothalamic dopamine, but increased norepinephrine in males at P29 and 5-HT in males at all ages irrespective of rearing condition. Barren reared rats showed no or opposite effects of Mn, i.e., barren rearing + Mn attenuated corticosterone increases to acute stress. Barren rearing also altered the Mn-induced changes in dopamine and norepinephrine in the neostriatum, but not in the hippocampus. Barren rearing caused a Mn-associated increase in hypothalamic dopamine at P19 and P29 not seen in standard reared Mn-treated groups. Developmental Mn alters monoamines and corticosterone as a function of age, stress (acute and chronic), and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles V. Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +513 636 8624 MTW; 513 636 8622 CVV; fax: +513 636 3912
| | - Devon L. Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robyn M. Amos-Kroohs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amanda A. Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Curtis E. Grace
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tori L. Schaefer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew R. Skelton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith M. Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +513 636 8624 MTW; 513 636 8622 CVV; fax: +513 636 3912
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In vitro manganese exposure disrupts MAPK signaling pathways in striatal and hippocampal slices from immature rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:769295. [PMID: 24324973 PMCID: PMC3845707 DOI: 10.1155/2013/769295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms mediating manganese (Mn)-induced neurotoxicity, particularly in the immature central nervous system, have yet to be completely understood. In this study, we investigated whether mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) could represent potential targets of Mn in striatal and hippocampal slices obtained from immature rats (14 days old). The aim of this study was to evaluate if the MAPK pathways are modulated after subtoxic Mn exposure, which do not significantly affect cell viability. The concentrations of manganese chloride (MnCl₂; 10-1,000 μM) caused no change in cell viability in slices exposed for 3 or 6 hours. However, Mn exposure significantly increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, as well as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2/3 phosphorylation at both 3 and 6 hours incubations, in both brain structures. Furthermore, Mn exposure did not change the total content or phosphorylation of TH at the serine 40 site in striatal slices. Thus, Mn at concentrations that do not disrupt cell viability causes activation of MAPKs (ERK1/2 and JNK1/2/3) in immature hippocampal and striatal slices. These findings suggest that altered intracellular MAPKs signaling pathways may represent an early event concerning the effects of Mn in the immature brain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Accurate prenatal exposure assessment is one of the major challenges in environmental epidemiologic studies. Variations in placental transport make maternal biospecimens unreliable for many chemicals and fetal specimens collected at birth do not provide information on exposure timing over the prenatal period. RECENT FINDINGS The skeletal compartment is an important chemical repository, making calcified tissues important for measuring exposure. For decades teeth have been used to estimate long-term cumulative exposure to metals and some organic chemicals. Recently developed methodologies that combine sophisticated histological and chemical analysis to precisely sample tooth layers that correspond to specific life stages have the potential to reconstruct exposure in the second and third trimesters of prenatal development and during early childhood. SUMMARY Such a retrospective biomarker that precisely measures exposure intensity and timing during prenatal development would substantially aid epidemiologic investigations, particularly case-control studies of rare health outcomes.
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The effect of lead exposure on brain iron homeostasis and the expression of DMT1/FP1 in the brain in developing and aged rats. Toxicol Lett 2012; 216:108-23. [PMID: 23219683 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relation between lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) becomes increasingly concerned because they are both divalent metals that are absorbed by the same intestinal mechanism, and Pb exposure and Fe deficiency in the developmental brain, as well as Fe overload in the aged brain, can cause cognitive deficits. However, the interaction between Pb exposure and Fe status in the brain has not been established. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the effects of maternal ingestion of Pb in drinking water during gestation and lactation on the Fe status and the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin 1 (FP1) in the brain of offspring. The offspring were followed through old age, with measurements taken at postnatal week 3 (PNW3), 41 (PNW41) and 70 (PNW70). Pb exposure increases the Fe content in the old-aged rats' brain, which might be not subjected to DMT1 mediating, but may be associated with the decrease expression of FP1. Furthermore, the effect of Pb on FP1 expression is regulated at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The perturbation in Fe homeostasis may contribute to the neurotoxicology consequences induced by Pb exposure, and FP1 may play a role in Pb-induced Fe cumulation in the brain.
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Betharia S, Maher TJ. Neurobehavioral effects of lead and manganese individually and in combination in developmentally exposed rats. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1117-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang H, Ji YL, Wang Q, Zhao XF, Ning H, Liu P, Zhang C, Yu T, Zhang Y, Meng XH, Xu DX. Maternal lead exposure during lactation persistently impairs testicular development and steroidogenesis in male offspring. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:1384-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
| | - Yan-Li Ji
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
| | - Xian-Feng Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
| | - Huan Ning
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
| | - Xiu-Hong Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032 China
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