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Lucchini R, Tieu K. Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism: Evidence from Epidemiological and Experimental Studies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1190. [PMID: 37627255 PMCID: PMC10452806 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure has evolved from acute, high-level exposure causing manganism to low, chronic lifetime exposure. In this latter scenario, the target areas extend beyond the globus pallidus (as seen with manganism) to the entire basal ganglia, including the substantia nigra pars compacta. This change of exposure paradigm has prompted numerous epidemiological investigations of the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD), or parkinsonism, due to the long-term impact of Mn. In parallel, experimental research has focused on the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of Mn and its interactions with genetic susceptibility. In this review, we provide evidence from both types of studies, with the aim to link the epidemiological data with the potential mechanistic interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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2
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Fan RZ, Sportelli C, Lai Y, Salehe S, Pinnell JR, Richardson JR, Luo S, Tieu K. A partial Drp1 knockout improves autophagy flux independent of mitochondrial function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.29.547095. [PMID: 37425803 PMCID: PMC10327068 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is typically known for its role in mitochondrial fission. A partial inhibition of this protein has been reported to be protective in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. The protective mechanism has been attributed primarily to improved mitochondrial function. Herein, we provide evidence showing that a partial Drp1-knockout improves autophagy flux independent of mitochondria. First, we characterized in cell and animal models that at low non-toxic concentrations, manganese (Mn), which causes parkinsonian-like symptoms in humans, impaired autophagy flux but not mitochondrial function and morphology. Furthermore, nigral dopaminergic neurons were more sensitive than their neighbouring GABAergic counterparts. Second, in cells with a partial Drp1-knockdown and Drp1 +/- mice, autophagy impairment induced by Mn was significantly attenuated. This study demonstrates that autophagy is a more vulnerable target than mitochondria to Mn toxicity. Furthermore, improving autophagy flux is a separate mechanism conferred by Drp1 inhibition independent of mitochondrial fission.
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Zhang X, Liu J, Wang H. The cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway: Novel perspectives in neurotoxicity induced by manganese exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120412. [PMID: 36240967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic high-level heavy metal exposure increases the risk of developing different neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic excessive manganese (Mn) exposure is known to lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, some evidence suggests that autophagy dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decade, the DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream signal-efficient interferon gene stimulator (STING), as well as the molecular composition and regulatory mechanisms of this pathway have been well understood. The cGAS-STING pathway has emerged as a crucial mechanism to induce effective innate immune responses by inducing type I interferons in mammalian cells. Moreover, recent studies have found that Mn2+ is the second activator of the cGAS-STING pathway besides dsDNA, and inducing autophagy is a primitive function for the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. However, overactivation of the immune response can lead to tissue damage. This review discusses the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by Mn exposure from the cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway. Future work exploiting the cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway may provide a novel perspective for manganese neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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4
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Mechanistic studies on the adverse effects of manganese overexposure in differentiated LUHMES cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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5
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Yuan X, Tian Y, Liu C, Zhang Z. Environmental factors in Parkinson's disease: New insights into the molecular mechanisms. Toxicol Lett 2021; 356:1-10. [PMID: 34864130 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting 2-3% of the population ≥65 years. It has long been characterized by motor impairment, autonomic dysfunction, and psychological and cognitive changes. The pathological hallmarks are intracellular inclusions containing α-synuclein aggregates and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkinson's disease is thought to be caused by a combination of various pathogenic factors, including genetic factors, environmental factors, and lifestyles. Although much research has focused on the genetic causes of PD, environmental risk factors also play a crucial role in the development of the disease. Here, we summarize the environmental risk factors that may increase the occurrence of PD, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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6
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Budinger D, Barral S, Soo AKS, Kurian MA. The role of manganese dysregulation in neurological disease: emerging evidence. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:956-968. [PMID: 34687639 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese is an essential trace metal. The dysregulation of manganese seen in a broad spectrum of neurological disorders reflects its importance in brain development and key neurophysiological processes. Historically, the observation of acquired manganism in miners and people who misuse drugs provided early evidence of brain toxicity related to manganese exposure. The identification of inherited manganese transportopathies, which cause neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative syndromes, further corroborates the neurotoxic potential of this element. Moreover, manganese dyshomoeostasis is also implicated in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Ongoing and future research will facilitate the development of better targeted therapeutical strategies than are currently available for manganese-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Budinger
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK
| | - Serena Barral
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK
| | - Audrey K S Soo
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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Mehkari Z, Mohammed L, Javed M, Althwanay A, Ahsan F, Oliveri F, Goud HK, Rutkofsky IH. Manganese, a Likely Cause of 'Parkinson's in Cirrhosis', a Unique Clinical Entity of Acquired Hepatocerebral Degeneration. Cureus 2020; 12:e10448. [PMID: 33072457 PMCID: PMC7557798 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With idiopathic Parkinson's disease being a common entity, parkinsonism in acquired hepatocerebral degeneration (AHD) in the context of Manganese (Mn) has gained importance in recent years. An insight into the pathomechanisms behind this disease has been put forth. How can Mn as a divalent metal exert its effect in leading to chronic neurodegenerative disorder? Secondary to decreased excretion in liver cirrhosis, Mn significantly alters the striatal dopaminergic system. Management of this debilitating disease also focuses on different aspects where Mn has been involved in the pathogenesis. We have put forth the details behind Mn effects in Parkinson’s, which will be a guide for better understanding and management of this disease. A literature search was performed using PubMed as a sole database, and all the articles were peer-reviewed. The author tried to follow the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were set for 10 years, with most studies with in the last seven years. All types of study designs were included relevant to the topic, clearly delineating the pathomechanisms of Mn in the disease and also its management. After extensive research, through the PubMed database, we found that Parkinson's disease is one of the neurological complications in advanced liver cirrhosis. Mn is an essential element behind its pathogenesis; it works at different cellular levels to promote neurotoxicity. From its influx to its effects on dopamine transporters (DAT), where it disrupts dopamine homeostasis also altering postsynaptic dopamine (D2) receptors, it disrupts mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promotes oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Misfolding of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is promoted on chronic exposure to Mn where α-Syn from being neuroprotective becomes neurotoxic. It also alters glutaminergic and gabaergic neurotransmission. In a nutshell, the diversity of its effect on nigrostriatal denervation is challenging. The importance of neuroimaging and various approaches to management is also discussed. AHD, an uncommon entity in advanced liver cirrhosis, needs more awareness so that it can be diagnosed earlier and better therapeutic options can be sought. Our study highlighted Mn mechanisms behind this clinical entity, putting forth grounds for a better understanding of this disease. Advanced research targeting Mn for managing this disease will be revolutionary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Mehkari
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neuroscience & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Moiz Javed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aldanah Althwanay
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Farah Ahsan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Federico Oliveri
- Cardiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Harshit K Goud
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ian H Rutkofsky
- Psychiatry, Neuroscience, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Miah MR, Ijomone OM, Okoh COA, Ijomone OK, Akingbade GT, Ke T, Krum B, da Cunha Martins A, Akinyemi A, Aranoff N, Antunes Soares FA, Bowman AB, Aschner M. The effects of manganese overexposure on brain health. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104688. [PMID: 31972215 PMCID: PMC7926190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is the twelfth most abundant element on the earth and an essential metal to human health. Mn is present at low concentrations in a variety of dietary sources, which provides adequate Mn content to sustain support various physiological processes in the human body. However, with the rise of Mn utility in a variety of industries, there is an increased risk of overexposure to this transition metal, which can have neurotoxic consequences. This risk includes occupational exposure of Mn to workers as well as overall increased Mn pollution affecting the general public. Here, we review exposure due to air pollution and inhalation in industrial settings; we also delve into the toxic effects of manganese on the brain such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response and transporter dysregulation. Additionally, we summarize current understandings underlying the mechanisms of Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzur R Miah
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Comfort O A Okoh
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi K Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Grace T Akingbade
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bárbara Krum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ayodele Akinyemi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Aranoff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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9
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Heins-Marroquin U, Jung PP, Cordero-Maldonado ML, Crawford AD, Linster CL. Phenotypic assays in yeast and zebrafish reveal drugs that rescue ATP13A2 deficiency. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz019. [PMID: 32954262 PMCID: PMC7425419 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ATP13A2 (PARK9) are causally linked to the rare neurodegenerative disorders Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, hereditary spastic paraplegia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. This suggests that ATP13A2, a lysosomal cation-transporting ATPase, plays a crucial role in neuronal cells. The heterogeneity of the clinical spectrum of ATP13A2-associated disorders is not yet well understood and currently, these diseases remain without effective treatment. Interestingly, ATP13A2 is widely conserved among eukaryotes, and the yeast model for ATP13A2 deficiency was the first to indicate a role in heavy metal homeostasis, which was later confirmed in human cells. In this study, we show that the deletion of YPK9 (the yeast orthologue of ATP13A2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to growth impairment in the presence of Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+, with the strongest phenotype being observed in the presence of zinc. Using the ypk9Δ mutant, we developed a high-throughput growth rescue screen based on the Zn2+ sensitivity phenotype. Screening of two libraries of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs identified 11 compounds that rescued growth. Subsequently, we generated a zebrafish model for ATP13A2 deficiency and found that both partial and complete loss of atp13a2 function led to increased sensitivity to Mn2+. Based on this phenotype, we confirmed two of the drugs found in the yeast screen to also exert a rescue effect in zebrafish-N-acetylcysteine, a potent antioxidant, and furaltadone, a nitrofuran antibiotic. This study further supports that combining the high-throughput screening capacity of yeast with rapid in vivo drug testing in zebrafish can represent an efficient drug repurposing strategy in the context of rare inherited disorders involving conserved genes. This work also deepens the understanding of the role of ATP13A2 in heavy metal detoxification and provides a new in vivo model for investigating ATP13A2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Heins-Marroquin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Paul P Jung
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Alexander D Crawford
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Orphan Drug Discovery, Bremer Innovations- und Technologiezentrum, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Carole L Linster
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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10
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Autosomal-recessive iron deficiency anemia, dystonia and hypermanganesemia caused by new variant mutation of the manganese transporter gene SLC39A14. Acta Neurol Belg 2019; 119:379-384. [PMID: 30232769 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-018-1024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This inborn error of manganese metabolism has only recently been identified. A total of 28 affected individuals from ten families are known worldwide. Mutations in SLC39A14, encoding a Mn uptake transporter, have recently been recognized to cause excessive Mn concentrations in the blood which is believed to be neurotoxic and lead to a parkinsonian-like movement disorder caused by accumulation of Mn in the basal ganglia. We are reporting a new variant of SLC39A14 gene mutation (OMIM 608736 8p21.3) that has never been described in the literature so far. The index case is a 3-year-old female who was born at 30 weeks' gestation by emergency lower segment caesarean section, the second of twins, weighing 1.4 kg. Parents have a consanguineous marriage (first cousins) and have four healthy male children. She presented at 30 months of age with history of unsteady gait of 4 months duration and is progressively worsening. She became stiff and has lost all of her locomotor skills. Apart from low serum iron and iron deficiency anemia, her initial work up was unremarkable. T1-weighted MRI brain showed bilateral hyperintense signal in basal ganglia, mid-brain and pontine tegmentum giving rise to the characteristic eye-of-the-tiger sign. Genetic DNA evaluation (Whole Exome Sequencing WES) identified the homozygous missense variant c.1136.T in exon 7 of SLC39A14 gene which is associated with hypermanganesemia. Whole blood Mn was markedly raised at 150 nmol/L (8 mg/L) (normal 10 nmol/L, 0.7 mg/Bioscientia). This young girl has just started treatment with intravenous disodium calcium edetate and oral iron.
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Harischandra DS, Ghaisas S, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Kanthasamy A, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG. Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: New Insights Into the Triad of Protein Misfolding, Mitochondrial Impairment, and Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:654. [PMID: 31293375 PMCID: PMC6606738 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational or environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) can lead to the development of "Manganism," a neurological condition showing certain motor symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease (PD). Like PD, Mn toxicity is seen in the central nervous system mainly affecting nigrostriatal neuronal circuitry and subsequent behavioral and motor impairments. Since the first report of Mn-induced toxicity in 1837, various experimental and epidemiological studies have been conducted to understand this disorder. While early investigations focused on the impact of high concentrations of Mn on the mitochondria and subsequent oxidative stress, current studies have attempted to elucidate the cellular and molecular pathways involved in Mn toxicity. In fact, recent reports suggest the involvement of Mn in the misfolding of proteins such as α-synuclein and amyloid, thus providing credence to the theory that environmental exposure to toxicants can either initiate or propagate neurodegenerative processes by interfering with disease-specific proteins. Besides manganism and PD, Mn has also been implicated in other neurological diseases such as Huntington's and prion diseases. While many reviews have focused on Mn homeostasis, the aim of this review is to concisely synthesize what we know about its effect primarily on the nervous system with respect to its role in protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, and consequently, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Based on the current evidence, we propose a 'Mn Mechanistic Neurotoxic Triad' comprising (1) mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, (2) protein trafficking and misfolding, and (3) neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshan S Harischandra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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12
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Chen P, Totten M, Zhang Z, Bucinca H, Erikson K, Santamaría A, Bowma AB, Aschner M. Iron and manganese-related CNS toxicity: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:243-260. [PMID: 30759034 PMCID: PMC6422746 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1581608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are essential nutrients for humans. They act as cofactors for a variety of enzymes. In the central nervous system (CNS), these two metals are involved in diverse neurological activities. Dyshomeostasis may interfere with the critical enzymatic activities, hence altering the neurophysiological status and resulting in neurological diseases. Areas covered: In this review, the authors cover the molecular mechanisms of Fe/Mn-induced toxicity and neurological diseases, as well as the diagnosis and potential treatment. Given that both Fe and Mn are abundant in the earth crust, nutritional deficiency is rare. In this review the authors focus on the neurological disorders associated with Mn and Fe overload. Expert commentary: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the primary molecular mechanism that mediates Fe/Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Although increased Fe or Mn concentrations have been found in brain of patients, it remains controversial whether the elevated metal amounts are the primary cause or secondary consequence of neurological diseases. Currently, treatments are far from satisfactory, although chelation therapy can significantly decrease brain Fe and Mn levels. Studies to determine the primary cause and establish the molecular mechanism of toxicity may help to adapt more comprehensive and satisfactory treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Totten
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hana Bucinca
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keith Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratory of Excitatory Amino Acids, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aaron B. Bowma
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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SLC39A14 deficiency alters manganese homeostasis and excretion resulting in brain manganese accumulation and motor deficits in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1769-E1778. [PMID: 29437953 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720739115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 39, member 14 (SLC39A14) is a transmembrane transporter that can mediate the cellular uptake of zinc, iron, and manganese (Mn). Studies of Slc39a14 knockout (Slc39a14-/-) mice have documented that SLC39A14 is required for systemic growth, hepatic zinc uptake during inflammation, and iron loading of the liver in iron overload. The normal physiological roles of SLC39A14, however, remain incompletely characterized. Here, we report that Slc39a14-/- mice spontaneously display dramatic alterations in tissue Mn concentrations, suggesting that Mn is a main physiological substrate for SLC39A14. Specifically, Slc39a14-/- mice have abnormally low Mn levels in the liver coupled with markedly elevated Mn concentrations in blood and most other organs, especially the brain and bone. Radiotracer studies using 54Mn reveal that Slc39a14-/- mice have impaired Mn uptake by the liver and pancreas and reduced gastrointestinal Mn excretion. In the brain of Slc39a14-/- mice, Mn accumulated in the pons and basal ganglia, including the globus pallidus, a region susceptible to Mn-related neurotoxicity. Brain Mn accumulation in Slc39a14-/- mice was associated with locomotor impairments, as assessed by various behavioral tests. Although a low-Mn diet started at weaning was able to reverse brain Mn accumulation in Slc39a14-/- mice, it did not correct their motor deficits. We conclude that SLC39A14 is essential for efficient Mn uptake by the liver and pancreas, and its deficiency results in impaired Mn excretion and accumulation of the metal in other tissues. The inability of Mn depletion to correct the motor deficits in Slc39a14-/- mice suggests that the motor impairments represent lasting effects of early-life Mn exposure.
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14
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Langley MR, Ghaisas S, Ay M, Luo J, Palanisamy BN, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Manganese exposure exacerbates progressive motor deficits and neurodegeneration in the MitoPark mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Relevance to gene and environment interactions in metal neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2018; 64:240-255. [PMID: 28595911 PMCID: PMC5736468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is now recognized as a neurodegenerative condition caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences. Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure has been implicated in the development of PD. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with PD pathology as well as Mn neurotoxicity, we investigated whether Mn exposure augments mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system using a newly available mitochondrially defective transgenic mouse model of PD, the MitoPark mouse. This unique PD model recapitulates key features of the disease including progressive neurobehavioral changes and neuronal degeneration. We exposed MitoPark mice to a low dose of Mn (10mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 4 weeks starting at age 8 wks and then determined the behavioral, neurochemical and histological changes. Mn exposure accelerated the rate of progression of motor deficits in MitoPark mice when compared to the untreated MitoPark group. Mn also worsened olfactory function in this model. Most importantly, Mn exposure intensified the depletion of striatal dopamine and nigral TH neuronal loss in MitoPark mice. The neurodegenerative changes were accompanied by enhanced oxidative damage in the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) of MitoPark mice treated with Mn. Furthermore, Mn-treated MitoPark mice had significantly more oligomeric protein and IBA-1-immunoreactive microglia cells, suggesting Mn augments neuroinflammatory processes in the nigrostriatal pathway. To further confirm the direct effect of Mn on impaired mitochondrial function, we also generated a mitochondrially defective dopaminergic cell model by knocking out the TFAM transcription factor by using a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing method. Seahorse mitochondrial bioenergetic analysis revealed that Mn decreases mitochondrial basal and ATP-linked respiration in the TFAM KO cells. Collectively, our results reveal that Mn can augment mitochondrial dysfunction to exacerbate nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and PD-related behavioral symptoms. Our study also demonstrates that the MitoPark mouse is an excellent model to study the gene-environment interactions associated with mitochondrial defects in the nigral dopaminergic system as well as to evaluate the contribution of potential environmental toxicant interactions in a slowly progressive model of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Langley
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Muhammet Ay
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Jie Luo
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Bharathi N Palanisamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
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Recent Advances in the Role of SLC39A/ZIP Zinc Transporters In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122708. [PMID: 29236063 PMCID: PMC5751309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn), which is an essential trace element, is involved in numerous mammalian physiological events; therefore, either a deficiency or excess of Zn impairs cellular machineries and influences physiological events, such as systemic growth, bone homeostasis, skin formation, immune responses, endocrine function, and neuronal function. Zn transporters are thought to mainly contribute to Zn homeostasis within cells and in the whole body. Recent genetic, cellular, and molecular studies of Zn transporters highlight the dynamic role of Zn as a signaling mediator linking several cellular events and signaling pathways. Dysfunction in Zn transporters causes various diseases. This review aims to provide an update of Zn transporters and Zn signaling studies and discusses the remaining questions and future directions by focusing on recent progress in determining the roles of SLC39A/ZIP family members in vivo.
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Helley MP, Pinnell J, Sportelli C, Tieu K. Mitochondria: A Common Target for Genetic Mutations and Environmental Toxicants in Parkinson's Disease. Front Genet 2017; 8:177. [PMID: 29204154 PMCID: PMC5698285 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurological movement disorder. Since its first discovery 200 years ago, genetic and environmental factors have been identified to play a role in PD development and progression. Although genetic studies have been the predominant driving force in PD research over the last few decades, currently only a small fraction of PD cases can be directly linked to monogenic mutations. The remaining cases have been attributed to other risk associated genes, environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions, making PD a multifactorial disorder with a complex etiology. However, enormous efforts from global research have yielded significant insights into pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for PD. This review will highlight mitochondrial dysfunction as a common pathway involved in both genetic mutations and environmental toxicants linked to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Helley
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Pinnell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Sportelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Foster ML, Bartnikas TB, Maresca-Fichter HC, Mercadante C, Dash M, Miller C, Dorman DC. Neonatal C57BL/6J and parkin mice respond differently following developmental manganese exposure: Result of a high dose pilot study. Neurotoxicology 2017; 64:291-299. [PMID: 29020610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that childhood exposure to neurotoxicants may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) or other neurodegenerative disease in adults. Some recessive forms of PD have been linked to loss-of-function mutations in the Park2 gene that encodes for parkin. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate whether responses to neonatal manganese (Mn) exposure differ in mice with a Park2 gene defect (parkin mice) when compared with a wildtype strain (C57BL/6J). Neonatal parkin and C57BL/6J littermates were randomly assigned to 0, 11, or 25mg Mn/kg-day dose groups with oral exposures occurring from postnatal day (PND) 1 through PND 28. Motor activity was measured on PND 19-22 and 29-32. Tissue Mn concentrations were measured in liver, femur, olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, and striatum on PND 29. Hepatic and frontal cortex gene expression of Slc11a2, Slc40a1, Slc30a10, Hamp (liver only), and Park2 were also measured on PND 29. Some strain differences were seen. As expected, decreased hepatic and frontal cortex Park2 expression was seen in the parkin mice when compared with C57BL/6J mice. Untreated parkin mice also had higher liver and femur Mn concentrations when compared with the C57BL/6J mice. Exposure to≥11mg Mn/kg-day was associated with increased brain Mn concentrations in all mice, no strain difference was observed. Manganese exposure in C57Bl6, but not parkin mice, was associated with a negative correlation between striatal Mn concentration and motor activity. Manganese exposure was not associated with changes in frontal cortex gene expression. Decreased hepatic Slc30a10, Slc40a1, and Hamp expression were seen in PND 29 C57BL/6J mice given 25mg Mn/kg-day. In contrast, Mn exposure was only associated with decreased Hamp expression in the parkin mice. Our results suggest that the Parkin gene defect did not increase the susceptibility of neonatal mice to adverse health effects associated with high-dose Mn exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Foster
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Thomas B Bartnikas
- Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 70 Ship St., Rm. 522, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Hailey C Maresca-Fichter
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Courtney Mercadante
- Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 70 Ship St., Rm. 522, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Miriam Dash
- Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 70 Ship St., Rm. 522, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Chelsea Miller
- Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 70 Ship St., Rm. 522, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - David C Dorman
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Xin Y, Gao H, Wang J, Qiang Y, Imam MU, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang H, Yu Y, Wang H, Luo H, Shi C, Xu Y, Hojyo S, Fukada T, Min J, Wang F. Manganese transporter Slc39a14 deficiency revealed its key role in maintaining manganese homeostasis in mice. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17025. [PMID: 28751976 PMCID: PMC5519003 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC39A14 (also known as ZIP14), a member of the SLC39A transmembrane metal transporter family, has been reported to mediate the cellular uptake of iron and zinc. Recently, however, mutations in the SLC39A14 gene have been linked to manganese (Mn) accumulation in the brain and childhood-onset parkinsonism dystonia. It has therefore been suggested that SLC39A14 deficiency impairs hepatic Mn uptake and biliary excretion, resulting in the accumulation of Mn in the circulation and brain. To test this hypothesis, we generated and characterized global Slc39a14-knockout (Slc39a14−/−) mice and hepatocyte-specific Slc39a14-knockout (Slc39a14fl/fl;Alb-Cre+) mice. Slc39a14−/− mice develop markedly increased Mn concentrations in the brain and several extrahepatic tissues, as well as motor deficits that can be rescued by treatment with the metal chelator Na2CaEDTA. In contrast, Slc39a14fl/fl;Alb-Cre+ mice do not accumulate Mn in the brain or other extrahepatic tissues and do not develop motor deficits, indicating that the loss of Slc39a14 expression selectively in hepatocytes is not sufficient to cause Mn accumulation. Interestingly, Slc39a14fl/fl;Alb-Cre+ mice fed a high Mn diet have increased Mn levels in the serum, brain and pancreas, but not in the liver. Taken together, our results indicate that Slc39a14−/− mice develop brain Mn accumulation and motor deficits that cannot be explained by a loss of Slc39a14 expression in hepatocytes. These findings provide insight into the physiological role that SLC39A14 has in maintaining Mn homeostasis. Our tissue-specific Slc39a14-knockout mouse model can serve as a valuable tool for further dissecting the organ-specific role of SLC39A14 in regulating the body’s susceptibility to Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Xin
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Discovery Innovation Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Qiang
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruochen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Discovery Innovation Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Discovery Innovation Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Osteoimmunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Junxia Min
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Discovery Innovation Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Discovery Innovation Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Zebrafish slc30a10 deficiency revealed a novel compensatory mechanism of Atp2c1 in maintaining manganese homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006892. [PMID: 28692648 PMCID: PMC5524415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies found that mutations in the human SLC30A10 gene, which encodes a manganese (Mn) efflux transporter, are associated with hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis (HMDPC). However, the relationship between Mn metabolism and HMDPC is poorly understood, and no specific treatments are available for this disorder. Here, we generated two zebrafish slc30a10 mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Compared to wild-type animals, mutant adult animals developed significantly higher systemic Mn levels, and Mn accumulated in the brain and liver of mutant embryos in response to exogenous Mn. Interestingly, slc30a10 mutants developed neurological deficits in adulthood, as well as environmental Mn-induced manganism in the embryonic stage; moreover, mutant animals had impaired dopaminergic and GABAergic signaling. Finally, mutant animals developed steatosis, liver fibrosis, and polycythemia accompanied by increased epo expression. This phenotype was rescued partially by EDTA- CaNa2 chelation therapy and iron supplementation. Interestingly, prior to the onset of slc30a10 expression, expressing ATP2C1 (ATPase secretory pathway Ca2+ transporting 1) protected mutant embryos from Mn exposure, suggesting a compensatory role for Atp2c1 in the absence of Slc30a10. Notably, expressing either wild-type or mutant forms of SLC30A10 was sufficient to inhibit the effect of ATP2C1 in response to Mn challenge in both zebrafish embryos and HeLa cells. These findings suggest that either activating ATP2C1 or restoring the Mn-induced trafficking of ATP2C1 can reduce Mn accumulation, providing a possible target for treating HMDPC. Impaired function of the manganese transporter SLC30A10 has been implicated in HMDPC (hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis), an early-onset metabolic disorder clinically characterized by increased systemic Mn levels, neurological impairment, polycythemia, and hepatic injury. No specific treatment is currently available for HMDPC. Moreover, the mechanisms that underlie Mn metabolism are poorly understood, thereby hindering the development of effective treatments. To investigate the physiological processes underlying Mn metabolism and to develop new disease models of HMDPC, we generated two zebrafish slc30a10 mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that these mutants develop clinical deficits typically associated with HMDPC. Furthermore, we identified a putative compensatory role for ATP2C1 in the absence of SLC30A10 with respect to modulating Mn metabolism. These findings provide a valuable tool for investigating the role of manganese dysregulation in neurological degenerative diseases and which can be used to develop new pharmacological approaches for managing Mn accumulation.
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Mazon JN, de Mello AH, Ferreira GK, Rezin GT. The impact of obesity on neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci 2017; 182:22-28. [PMID: 28583368 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a growing health concern. The increasing incidences of these disorders have a great impact on the patients' quality of life. Although the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases are still far from being clarified, several studies look for new discoveries about their pathophysiology and prevention. Furthermore, evidence has shown a strong correlation between obesity and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Metabolic changes caused by overweight are related to damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which can lead to neural death, either by apoptosis or cell necrosis, as well as alter the synaptic plasticity of the neuron. This review aims to show the association between neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on AD and PD, and metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Niero Mazon
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Haas de Mello
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Kozuchovski Ferreira
- Laboratory Pharmacology and Pathophysiology of Skin, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Franscisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil
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Zakharcheva KA, Gening LV, Kazachenko KY, Tarantul VZ. Cells resistant to toxic concentrations of manganese have increased ability to repair DNA. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:38-45. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Wimalasena K. Current Status, Gaps, and Weaknesses of the Mechanism of Selective Dopaminergic Toxicity of MPTP/MPP +. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-812522-9.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Role of neurotoxicants and traumatic brain injury in α-synuclein protein misfolding and aggregation. Brain Res Bull 2016; 133:60-70. [PMID: 27993598 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation are key pathological features of many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD) and other forms of human Parkinsonism. PD is a complex and multifaceted disorder whose etiology is not fully understood. However, several lines of evidence support the multiple hit hypothesis that genetic vulnerability and environmental toxicants converge to trigger PD pathology. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation in the brain is an important pathophysiological characteristic of synucleinopathies including PD. Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that metals and pesticides play a crucial role in α-Syn aggregation leading to the onset of various neurodegenerative diseases including PD. In this review, we will emphasize key findings of several epidemiological as well as experimental studies of metal- and pesticide-induced α-Syn aggregation and neurodegeneration. We will also discuss other factors such as traumatic brain injury and oxidative insult in the context of α-Syn-related neurodegenerative processes.
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24
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The dual enzyme LRRK2 hydrolyzes GTP in both its GTPase and kinase domains in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:274-280. [PMID: 27939437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved enzyme encoded by the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene, LRRK2, harbors both a Rab-like GTPase domain and a serine/threonine protein kinase domain. Pathogenic mutations in either the GTPase or kinase domain can cause neurodegeneration and Parkinson disease. No high-resolution structure of the human LRRK2 kinase domain is available but the most common mutation, G2019S in the kinase domain, is predicted to alter the ATP-binding pocket structure and interaction with divalent cations. Here we find that the manganese-bound kinase domain acquires a robust ability to utilize both GTP as well as ATP in autophosphorylation of the GTPase domain and phosphorylation of peptide substrates in vitro. The G2019S LRRK2 mutation increases the efficiency of GTP-mediated kinase activity ten-fold compared to WT LRRK2 activity. Moreover, GTP-dependent phosphorylation alters autophosphorylation-site preference in vitro. While additional studies are required to determine the physiological relevance of these observations, LRRK2 is one of the only known kinases to be able to utilize GTP as a phospho-donor at physiological levels in vitro, and thus one of the only known proteins to be able to hydrolyze GTP in two distinct domains within the same protein.
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Involvement of heat shock proteins on Mn-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:54. [PMID: 27802836 PMCID: PMC5090951 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All living cells display a rapid molecular response to adverse environmental conditions, and the heat shock protein family reflects one such example. Hence, failing to activate heat shock proteins can impair the cellular response. In the present study, we evaluated whether the loss of different isoforms of heat shock protein (hsp) genes in Caenorhabditis elegans would affect their vulnerability to Manganese (Mn) toxicity. METHODS We exposed wild type and selected hsp mutant worms to Mn (30 min) and next evaluated further the most susceptible strains. We analyzed survival, protein carbonylation (as a marker of oxidative stress) and Parkinson's disease related gene expression immediately after Mn exposure. Lastly, we observed dopaminergic neurons in wild type worms and in hsp-70 mutants following Mn treatment. Analysis of the data was performed by one-way or two way ANOVA, depending on the case, followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test if the overall p value was less than 0.05. RESULTS We verified that the loss of hsp-70, hsp-3 and chn-1 increased the vulnerability to Mn, as exposed mutant worms showed lower survival rate and increased protein oxidation. The importance of hsp-70 against Mn toxicity was then corroborated in dopaminergic neurons, where Mn neurotoxicity was aggravated. The lack of hsp-70 also blocked the transcriptional upregulation of pink1, a gene that has been linked to Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that Mn exposure modulates heat shock protein expression, particularly HSP-70, in C. elegans. Furthermore, loss of hsp-70 increases protein oxidation and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration following manganese exposure, which is associated with the inhibition of pink1 increased expression, thus potentially exacerbating the vulnerability to this metal.
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Claro da Silva T, Hiller C, Gai Z, Kullak-Ublick GA. Vitamin D3 transactivates the zinc and manganese transporter SLC30A10 via the Vitamin D receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 163:77-87. [PMID: 27107558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 regulates genes critical for human health and its deficiency is associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, hypertension, inflammatory and immunological diseases. To study the impact of vitamin D3 on genes relevant for the transport and metabolism of nutrients and drugs, we employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) and analyzed global gene expression of the human-derived Caco-2 cell line treated with 500nM vitamin D3. Genes involved in neuropeptide signaling, inflammation, cell adhesion and morphogenesis were differentially expressed. Notably, genes implicated in zinc, manganese and iron homeostasis were largely increased by vitamin D3 treatment. An ∼10-fold increase in ceruloplasmin and ∼4-fold increase in haptoglobin gene expression suggested a possible association between vitamin D and iron homeostasis. SLC30A10, the gene encoding the zinc and manganese transporter ZnT10, was the chiefly affected transporter, with ∼15-fold increase in expression. SLC30A10 is critical for zinc and manganese homeostasis and mutations in this gene, resulting in impaired ZnT10 function or expression, cause manganese intoxication, with Parkinson-like symptoms. Our NGS results were validated by real-time PCR in Caco-2 cells, as well as in duodenal biopsies taken from healthy human subjects treated with 0.5μg vitamin D3 daily for 10 days. In addition to increasing gene expression of SLC30A10 and the positive control TRPV6, vitamin D3 also increased ZnT10 protein expression, as indicated by Western blot and cytofluorescence. In silico identification of potential vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs) in the 5'-flanking region of the SLC30A10 promoter and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed enhanced promoter activity in the presence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) constructs, as well as vitamin D3, but not when one of these factors was absent. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and competition EMSA revealed binding of select sequences, namely, nt -1623/-1588 and nt -1758/-1723 relative to the transcription start site, to VDR-containing nuclear extracts. In conclusion, we have shown that vitamin D3 transactivates the SLC30A10 gene in a VDR-dependent manner, resulting in increased ZnT10 protein expression. Because SLC30A10 is highly expressed in the small intestine, it is possible that the control of zinc and manganese systemic levels is regulated by vitamin D3 in the intestine. Zinc, manganese and vitamin D are important for bone metabolism and brain health. Future examination of a possible role for supplementation or chelation of zinc and manganese, alongside vitamin D3 administration, will further our understanding of its potential benefit in the treatment of specific illnesses, such as osteoporosis and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Claro da Silva
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Hiller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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27
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Peres TV, Parmalee NL, Martinez-Finley EJ, Aschner M. Untangling the Manganese-α-Synuclein Web. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:364. [PMID: 27540354 PMCID: PMC4972813 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect a significant portion of the aging population. Several lines of evidence suggest a positive association between environmental exposures, which are common and cumulative in a lifetime, and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Environmental or occupational exposure to manganese (Mn) has been implicated in neurodegeneration due to its ability to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation. The role of the α-Syn protein vis-a-vis Mn is controversial, as it seemingly plays a duplicitous role in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. α-Syn has low affinity for Mn, however an indirect interaction cannot be ruled out. In this review we will examine the current knowledge surrounding the interaction of α-Syn and Mn in neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanara Vieira Peres
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nancy L Parmalee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY, USA
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28
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Coherent and Contradictory Facts, Feats and Fictions Associated with Metal Accumulation in Parkinson's Disease: Epicenter or Outcome, Yet a Demigod Question. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4738-4755. [PMID: 27480264 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Unwarranted exposure due to liberal use of metals for maintaining the lavish life and to achieve the food demand for escalating population along with an incredible boost in the average human life span owing to orchestrated progress in rejuvenation therapy have gradually increased the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD). Etiology is albeit elusive; association of PD with metal accumulation has never been overlooked due to noteworthy similitude between metal-exposure symptoms and a few cardinal features of disease. Even though metals are entailed in the vital functions, a hysterical shift, primarily augmentation, escorts the stern nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. An increase in the passage of metals through the blood brain barrier and impaired metabolic activity and elimination system could lead to metal accumulation in the brain, which eventually makes dopaminergic neurons quite susceptible. In the present article, an update on implication of metal accumulation in PD/Parkinsonism has been provided. Moreover, encouraging and paradoxical facts and fictions associated with metal accumulation in PD/Parkinsonism have also been compiled. Systematic literature survey of PD is performed to describe updated information if metal accumulation is an epicenter or merely an outcome. Finally, a perspective on the association of metal accumulation with pesticide-induced Parkinsonism has been explained to unveil the likely impact of the former in the latter.
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29
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Huang Y, Mu DZ. [PINK1 and the related diseases]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:781-786. [PMID: 27530800 PMCID: PMC7399510 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of mitochondrial membrane protein with protein kinase activity, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is involved in many biological metabolic processes. Since PINK1 had been found to be associated with Parkinson's disease, researchers have been exploring its biological function. PINK1 localizes in the outer mitochondrial membrane and regulates cell function through phosphorylating proteins. PINK1 is involved in mitochondrial function, mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial autophagy, but the regulatory pathway is not yet clear. PINK1 is expressed widely in many tissues with a variety of biological activity, especially in tissues with high energy consumption. It may therefore be involved in the development and regulation of many diseases. Mutations in PINK1 were originally discovered to cause autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. Recently some research has revealed that PINK1 is related to the development of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, cancer, diabetes and other diseases. Studying and exploring the biological functions of PINK1 will facilitate the identification of the targets for therapeutic intervention for its related diseases. This review article mainly focuses on recent studies about the biological function and related diseases of PINK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China.
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30
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Tuschl K, Meyer E, Valdivia LE, Zhao N, Dadswell C, Abdul-Sada A, Hung CY, Simpson MA, Chong WK, Jacques TS, Woltjer RL, Eaton S, Gregory A, Sanford L, Kara E, Houlden H, Cuno SM, Prokisch H, Valletta L, Tiranti V, Younis R, Maher ER, Spencer J, Straatman-Iwanowska A, Gissen P, Selim LAM, Pintos-Morell G, Coroleu-Lletget W, Mohammad SS, Yoganathan S, Dale RC, Thomas M, Rihel J, Bodamer OA, Enns CA, Hayflick SJ, Clayton PT, Mills PB, Kurian MA, Wilson SW. Mutations in SLC39A14 disrupt manganese homeostasis and cause childhood-onset parkinsonism-dystonia. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11601. [PMID: 27231142 PMCID: PMC4894980 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although manganese is an essential trace metal, little is known about its transport and homeostatic regulation. Here we have identified a cohort of patients with a novel autosomal recessive manganese transporter defect caused by mutations in SLC39A14. Excessive accumulation of manganese in these patients results in rapidly progressive childhood-onset parkinsonism-dystonia with distinctive brain magnetic resonance imaging appearances and neurodegenerative features on post-mortem examination. We show that mutations in SLC39A14 impair manganese transport in vitro and lead to manganese dyshomeostasis and altered locomotor activity in zebrafish with CRISPR-induced slc39a14 null mutations. Chelation with disodium calcium edetate lowers blood manganese levels in patients and can lead to striking clinical improvement. Our results demonstrate that SLC39A14 functions as a pivotal manganese transporter in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tuschl
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Esther Meyer
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Leonardo E Valdivia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health &Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Chris Dadswell
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Alaa Abdul-Sada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Christina Y Hung
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - W K Chong
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Randy L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Allison Gregory
- Department of Molecular &Medical Genetics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Lynn Sanford
- Department of Molecular &Medical Genetics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Eleanna Kara
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Stephan M Cuno
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Lorella Valletta
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS, Foundation Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS, Foundation Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Rasha Younis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Ania Straatman-Iwanowska
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Laila A M Selim
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Cairo 11432, Egypt
| | - Guillem Pintos-Morell
- Department of Paediatrics, Section of Paediatric Nephrology, Genetics and Metabolism, Unit of Rare Diseases, University Hospital 'Germans Trias I Pujol', Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Wifredo Coroleu-Lletget
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Neurology and Neonatology Unit, University Hospital 'Germans Trias I Pujol', Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sangeetha Yoganathan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore 632 004, India
| | - Russell C Dale
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Maya Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore 632 004, India
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Olaf A Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Caroline A Enns
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health &Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Department of Molecular &Medical Genetics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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31
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Caito SW, Aschner M. NAD+ Supplementation Attenuates Methylmercury Dopaminergic and Mitochondrial Toxicity in Caenorhabditis Elegans. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:139-49. [PMID: 26865665 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxic contaminant of our fish supply that has been linked to dopaminergic (DAergic) dysfunction that characterizes Parkinson's disease. We have previously shown that MeHg causes both morphological and behavioral changes in the Caenorhabditis elegans DAergic neurons that are associated with oxidative stress. We were therefore interested in whether the redox sensitive cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) may be affected by MeHg and whether supplementation of NAD( + )may prevent MeHg-induced toxicities. Worms treated with MeHg showed depletion in cellular NAD( + )levels, which was prevented by NAD( + )supplementation prior to MeHg treatment. NAD( + )supplementation also prevented DAergic neurodegeneration and deficits in DAergic-dependent behavior upon MeHg exposure. In a mutant worm line that cannot synthesize NAD( + )from nicotinamide, MeHg lethality and DAergic behavioral deficits were more sensitive to MeHg than wildtype worms, demonstrating the importance of NAD( + )in MeHg toxicity. In wildtype worms, NAD( + )supplementation provided protection from MeHg-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. These data show the importance of NAD( + )levels in the response to MeHg exposure. NAD( + )supplementation may be beneficial for MeHg-induced toxicities and preventing cellular damage involved in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Caito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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32
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Barreto GE, Iarkov A, Moran VE. Beneficial effects of nicotine, cotinine and its metabolites as potential agents for Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 6:340. [PMID: 25620929 PMCID: PMC4288130 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by neuroinflammation, dopaminergic neuronal cell death and motor dysfunction, and for which there are no proven effective treatments. The negative correlation between tobacco consumption and PD suggests that tobacco-derived compounds can be beneficial against PD. Nicotine, the more studied alkaloid derived from tobacco, is considered to be responsible for the beneficial behavioral and neurological effects of tobacco use in PD. However, several metabolites of nicotine, such as cotinine, also increase in the brain after nicotine administration. The effect of nicotine and some of its derivatives on dopaminergic neurons viability, neuroinflammation, and motor and memory functions, have been investigated using cellular and rodent models of PD. Current evidence shows that nicotine, and some of its derivatives diminish oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain and improve synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival of dopaminergic neurons. In vivo these effects resulted in improvements in mood, motor skills and memory in subjects suffering from PD pathology. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits of nicotine and its derivatives for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Alexander Iarkov
- Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA
| | - Valentina Echeverria Moran
- Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA ; Research Service, James A Haley Veterans' Hospital Tampa, FL, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Tampa, FL, USA
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