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Sulaman BA, Zhang Y, Matosevich N, Kjærby C, Foustoukos G, Andersen M, Eban-Rothschild A. Emerging Functions of Neuromodulation during Sleep. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1277242024. [PMID: 39358018 PMCID: PMC11450531 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1277-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulators act on multiple timescales to affect neuronal activity and behavior. They function as synaptic fine-tuners and master coordinators of neuronal activity across distant brain regions and body organs. While much research on neuromodulation has focused on roles in promoting features of wakefulness and transitions between sleep and wake states, the precise dynamics and functions of neuromodulatory signaling during sleep have received less attention. This review discusses research presented at our minisymposium at the 2024 Society for Neuroscience meeting, highlighting how norepinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine orchestrate brain oscillatory activity, control sleep architecture and microarchitecture, regulate responsiveness to sensory stimuli, and facilitate memory consolidation. The potential of each neuromodulator to influence neuronal activity is shaped by the state of the synaptic milieu, which in turn is influenced by the organismal or systemic state. Investigating the effects of neuromodulator release across different sleep substates and synaptic environments offers unique opportunities to deepen our understanding of neuromodulation and explore the distinct computational opportunities that arise during sleep. Moreover, since alterations in neuromodulatory signaling and sleep are implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders and because existing pharmacological treatments affect neuromodulatory signaling, gaining a deeper understanding of the less-studied aspects of neuromodulators during sleep is of high importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Alika Sulaman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yiyao Zhang
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Noa Matosevich
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 69978, Israel
| | - Celia Kjærby
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Georgios Foustoukos
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Mie Andersen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Tsintzas E, Niccoli T. Using Drosophila amyloid toxicity models to study Alzheimer's disease. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:349-363. [PMID: 38517001 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterised by a progressive loss of neurons, which manifests as gradual memory decline, followed by cognitive loss. Despite the significant progress in identifying novel biomarkers and understanding the prodromal pathology and symptomatology, AD remains a significant unmet clinical need. Lecanemab and aducanumab, the only Food and Drug Administration approved drugs to exhibit some disease-modifying clinical efficacy, target Aβ amyloid, underscoring the importance of this protein in disease aetiology. Nevertheless, in the absence of a definitive cure, the utilisation of preclinical models remains imperative for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the evaluation of potential therapeutic agents. Drosophila melanogaster is a model system that can be used as a research tool to investigate neurodegeneration and therapeutic interventions. The short lifespan, low price and ease of husbandry/rearing make Drosophila an advantageous model organism from a practical perspective. However, it is the highly conserved genome and similarity of Drosophila and human neurobiology which make flies a powerful tool to investigate neurodegenerative mechanisms. In addition, the ease of transgenic modifications allows for early proof of principle studies for future therapeutic approaches in neurodegenerative research. This mini review will specifically focus on utilising Drosophila as an in vivo model of amyloid toxicity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Tsintzas
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Niccoli
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK
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Zhang K, Zhu Y, Fenik P, Fleysh D, Ly C, Thomas SA, Veasey S. Norepinephrine Drives Sleep Fragmentation Activation of Asparagine Endopeptidase, Locus Ceruleus Degeneration, and Hippocampal Amyloid-β 42 Accumulation. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1929232024. [PMID: 38830763 PMCID: PMC11236578 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1929-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep disruption (CSD), from insufficient or fragmented sleep and is an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Underlying mechanisms are not understood. CSD in mice results in degeneration of locus ceruleus neurons (LCn) and CA1 hippocampal neurons and increases hippocampal amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), entorhinal cortex (EC) tau phosphorylation (p-tau), and glial reactivity. LCn injury is increasingly implicated in AD pathogenesis. CSD increases NE turnover in LCn, and LCn norepinephrine (NE) metabolism activates asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), an enzyme known to cleave amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau into neurotoxic fragments. We hypothesized that CSD would activate LCn AEP in an NE-dependent manner to induce LCn and hippocampal injury. Here, we studied LCn, hippocampal, and EC responses to CSD in mice deficient in NE [dopamine β-hydroxylase (Dbh)-/-] and control male and female mice, using a model of chronic fragmentation of sleep (CFS). Sleep was equally fragmented in Dbh -/- and control male and female mice, yet only Dbh -/- mice conferred resistance to CFS loss of LCn, LCn p-tau, and LCn AEP upregulation and activation as evidenced by an increase in AEP-cleaved APP and tau fragments. Absence of NE also prevented a CFS increase in hippocampal AEP-APP and Aβ42 but did not prevent CFS-increased AEP-tau and p-tau in the EC. Collectively, this work demonstrates AEP activation by CFS, establishes key roles for NE in both CFS degeneration of LCn neurons and CFS promotion of forebrain Aβ accumulation, and, thereby, identifies a key molecular link between CSD and specific AD neural injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yan Zhu
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Polina Fenik
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Dennis Fleysh
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Colin Ly
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Steven A Thomas
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Sigrid Veasey
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Balusu S, De Strooper B. The necroptosis cell death pathway drives neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:96. [PMID: 38852117 PMCID: PMC11162975 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Although apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis have been implicated in AD, none fully explains the extensive neuronal loss observed in AD brains. Recent evidence shows that necroptosis is abundant in AD, that necroptosis is closely linked to the appearance of Tau pathology, and that necroptosis markers accumulate in granulovacuolar neurodegeneration vesicles (GVD). We review here the neuron-specific activation of the granulovacuolar mediated neuronal-necroptosis pathway, the potential AD-relevant triggers upstream of this pathway, and the interaction of the necrosome with the endo-lysosomal pathway, possibly providing links to Tau pathology. In addition, we underscore the therapeutic potential of inhibiting necroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, as this presents a novel avenue for drug development targeting neuronal loss to preserve cognitive abilities. Such an approach seems particularly relevant when combined with amyloid-lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Balusu
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Collins HM, Greenfield S. Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Past Misconceptions and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6222. [PMID: 38892408 PMCID: PMC11172947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatments, not least due to the lack of authentic animal models. Typically, rodent models recapitulate the effects but not causes of AD, such as cholinergic neuron loss: lesioning of cholinergic neurons mimics the cognitive decline reminiscent of AD but not its neuropathology. Alternative models rely on the overexpression of genes associated with familial AD, such as amyloid precursor protein, or have genetically amplified expression of mutant tau. Yet transgenic rodent models poorly replicate the neuropathogenesis and protein overexpression patterns of sporadic AD. Seeding rodents with amyloid or tau facilitates the formation of these pathologies but cannot account for their initial accumulation. Intracerebral infusion of proinflammatory agents offer an alternative model, but these fail to replicate the cause of AD. A novel model is therefore needed, perhaps similar to those used for Parkinson's disease, namely adult wildtype rodents with neuron-specific (dopaminergic) lesions within the same vulnerable brainstem nuclei, 'the isodendritic core', which are the first to degenerate in AD. Site-selective targeting of these nuclei in adult rodents may recapitulate the initial neurodegenerative processes in AD to faithfully mimic its pathogenesis and progression, ultimately leading to presymptomatic biomarkers and preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Collins
- Neuro-Bio Ltd., Building F5 The Culham Campus, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK;
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Aganj I, Mora J, Fischl B, Augustinack JC. Automatic geometry-based estimation of the locus coeruleus region on T 1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1375530. [PMID: 38774790 PMCID: PMC11106368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1375530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a key brain structure implicated in cognitive function and neurodegenerative disease. Automatic segmentation of the LC is a crucial step in quantitative non-invasive analysis of the LC in large MRI cohorts. Most publicly available imaging databases for training automatic LC segmentation models take advantage of specialized contrast-enhancing (e.g., neuromelanin-sensitive) MRI. Segmentation models developed with such image contrasts, however, are not readily applicable to existing datasets with conventional MRI sequences. In this work, we evaluate the feasibility of using non-contrast neuroanatomical information to geometrically approximate the LC region from standard 3-Tesla T1-weighted images of 20 subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We employ this dataset to train and internally/externally evaluate two automatic localization methods, the Expected Label Value and the U-Net. For out-of-sample segmentation, we compare the results with atlas-based segmentation, as well as test the hypothesis that using the phase image as input can improve the robustness. We then apply our trained models to a larger subset of HCP, while exploratorily correlating LC imaging variables and structural connectivity with demographic and clinical data. This report provides an evaluation of computational methods estimating neural structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Aganj
- Radiology Department, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Radiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jocelyn Mora
- Radiology Department, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Radiology Department, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Radiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Radiology Department, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Radiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Lee MK, Chen G. Loss of Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Afferents in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 Transgenic Mouse Model of Cerebral Amyloidosis Preferentially Occurs Near Amyloid Plaques. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5004. [PMID: 38732223 PMCID: PMC11084680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a loss of neurons in the cortex and subcortical regions. Previously, we showed that the progressive degeneration of subcortical monoaminergic (MAergic) neurons seen in human AD is recapitulated in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS) transgenic mouse model. Because degeneration of cholinergic (Ach) neurons is also a prominent feature of AD, we examined the integrity of the Ach system in the APP/PS model. The overall density of Ach fibers is reduced in APP/PS1 mice at 12 and 18 months of age but not at 4 months of age. Analysis of basal forebrain Ach neurons shows no loss of Ach neurons in the APP/PS model. Thus, since MAergic systems show overt cell loss at 18 months of age, the Ach system is less vulnerable to neurodegeneration in the APP/PS1 model. We also examined whether the proximity to Aβ deposition affected the degeneration of Ach and 5-HT afferents. We found that the areas closer to the edges of compact Aβ deposits exhibit a more severe loss of afferents than the areas that are more distal to Aβ deposits. Collectively, the results indicate that the APP/PS model recapitulates the degeneration of multiple subcortical neurotransmitter systems, including the Ach system. In addition, the results indicate that Aβ deposits cause global as well as local toxicity to subcortical afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, The Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of TCM on Brain-Peripheral Homeostasis and Comprehensive Health, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Lagarde J, Olivieri P, Tonietto M, Noiray C, Lehericy S, Valabrègue R, Caillé F, Gervais P, Moussion M, Bottlaender M, Sarazin M. Combined in vivo MRI assessment of locus coeruleus and nucleus basalis of Meynert integrity in amnestic Alzheimer's disease, suspected-LATE and frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:97. [PMID: 38702802 PMCID: PMC11067144 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The locus coeruleus (LC) and the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) are altered in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Little is known about LC and NBM alteration in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The aim of the present study is to investigate in vivo LC and NBM integrity in patients with suspected-LATE, early-amnestic AD and FTD in comparison with controls. METHODS Seventy-two participants (23 early amnestic-AD patients, 17 suspected-LATE, 17 FTD patients, defined by a clinical-biological diagnosis reinforced by amyloid and tau PET imaging, and 15 controls) underwent neuropsychological assessment and 3T brain MRI. We analyzed the locus coeruleus signal intensity (LC-I) and the NBM volume as well as their relation with cognition and with medial temporal/cortical atrophy. RESULTS We found significantly lower LC-I and NBM volume in amnestic-AD and suspected-LATE in comparison with controls. In FTD, we also observed lower NBM volume but a slightly less marked alteration of the LC-I, independently of the temporal or frontal phenotype. NBM volume was correlated with the global cognitive efficiency in AD patients. Strong correlations were found between NBM volume and that of medial temporal structures, particularly the amygdala in both AD and FTD patients. CONCLUSIONS The alteration of LC and NBM in amnestic-AD, presumed-LATE and FTD suggests a common vulnerability of these structures to different proteinopathies. Targeting the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems could be effective therapeutic strategies in LATE and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lagarde
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France.
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Pauline Olivieri
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Tonietto
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France
| | - Camille Noiray
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Paris, F-75013, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Romain Valabrègue
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Paris, F-75013, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France
| | - Philippe Gervais
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France
| | - Martin Moussion
- Centre d'Evaluation Troubles Psychiques et Vieillissement, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France
- UNIACT, Neurospin, Gif-sur-Yvette, CEA, F-91191, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
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Alafuzoff I, Libard S. Ageing-Related Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4065. [PMID: 38612875 PMCID: PMC11012171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropathological assessment was conducted on 1630 subjects, representing 5% of all the deceased that had been sent to the morgue of Uppsala University Hospital during a 15-year-long period. Among the 1630 subjects, 1610 were ≥41 years of age (range 41 to 102 years). Overall, hyperphosphorylated (HP) τ was observed in the brains of 98% of the 1610 subjects, and amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brains of 64%. The most common alteration observed was Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) (56%), followed by primary age-related tauopathy (PART) in 26% of the subjects. In 16% of the subjects, HPτ was limited to the locus coeruleus. In 14 subjects (<1%), no altered proteins were observed. In 3 subjects, only Aβ was observed, and in 17, HPτ was observed in a distribution other than that seen in ADNC/PART. The transactive DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) associated with limbic-predominant age-related TDP encephalopathy (LATE) was observed in 565 (35%) subjects and α-synuclein (αS) pathology, i.e., Lewy body disease (LBD) or multi system atrophy (MSA) was observed in the brains of 21% of the subjects. A total of 39% of subjects with ADNC, 59% of subjects with PART, and 81% of subjects with HPτ limited to the locus coeruleus lacked concomitant pathologies, i.e., LATE-NC or LBD-NC. Of the 293 (18% of the 1610 subjects) subjects with dementia, 81% exhibited a high or intermediate level of ADNC. In 84% of all individuals with dementia, various degrees of concomitant alterations were observed; i.e., MIXED-NC was a common cause of dementia. A high or intermediate level of PART was observed in 10 subjects with dementia (3%), i.e., tangle-predominant dementia. No subjects exhibited only vascular NC (VNC), but in 17 subjects, severe VNC might have contributed to cognitive decline. Age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) was observed in 37% of the 1610 subjects and in 53% of those with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alafuzoff
- Department of Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sylwia Libard
- Department of Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
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Taherian N, Vaezi G, Neamati A, Hojjati V, Ghorbani-Taherdehi F, Sahebkar A, Gorji-Valokola M. The dose-dependent neuroprotective effect of norepinephrine in improving memory retrieval in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Res Bull 2024; 209:110907. [PMID: 38395110 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that causes cognitive impairments by damaging the hippocampal tissue. Conversely, norepinephrine (NEP) has anti-inflammatory and re-myelinating properties, which improve cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of NEP on learning and memory disorders in an experimental animal model of MS. Two guide cannulas were bilaterally implanted in the rat hippocampal CA1 regions. After recovery, the animals received 3 μl of 0.01% ethidium bromide (EtB) in each of both hippocampal regions. After three days, the rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (8 rats/group), including control, sham 1, sham 2, and three groups of NEP 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg by intrahippocampal injection. Behavioral tests (e.g. shuttle box test and open-field test) were then performed. Finally, ROS, MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β concentrations in the left CA1 area, as well as using western-blot analysis, p-p38, p-JNK, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, p-NMDA, p-AMPA, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins in the right CA1 region evaluated. The EtB injection increased ROS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels, as well as p-JNK and p-P38, except all other proteins, while decreasing GSH content, as well as step-through latency and locomotor activity in sham groups compared to the control group. Conversely, NEP (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, particularly at the dose of 1 mg/kg) counterbalanced all the alterations mentioned above in comparison to the sham groups. The EtB induced learning and memory impairment; however, NEP dose-dependently restored these impairments to normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Taherian
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Gholamhassan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ali Neamati
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vida Hojjati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghorbani-Taherdehi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gorji-Valokola
- Department of Food and Drug Administration, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Brain and Spinal Injury Repair Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Mychajliw C, Holz H, Minuth N, Dawidowsky K, Eschweiler GW, Metzger FG, Wortha F. Performance Differences of a Touch-Based Serial Reaction Time Task in Healthy Older Participants and Older Participants With Cognitive Impairment on a Tablet: Experimental Study. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e48265. [PMID: 38512340 PMCID: PMC10995790 DOI: 10.2196/48265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital neuropsychological tools for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases in the older population are becoming more relevant and widely adopted because of their diagnostic capabilities. In this context, explicit memory is mainly examined. The assessment of implicit memory occurs to a lesser extent. A common measure for this assessment is the serial reaction time task (SRTT). OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop and empirically test a digital tablet-based SRTT in older participants with cognitive impairment (CoI) and healthy control (HC) participants. On the basis of the parameters of response accuracy, reaction time, and learning curve, we measure implicit learning and compare the HC and CoI groups. METHODS A total of 45 individuals (n=27, 60% HCs and n=18, 40% participants with CoI-diagnosed by an interdisciplinary team) completed a tablet-based SRTT. They were presented with 4 blocks of stimuli in sequence and a fifth block that consisted of stimuli appearing in random order. Statistical and machine learning modeling approaches were used to investigate how healthy individuals and individuals with CoI differed in their task performance and implicit learning. RESULTS Linear mixed-effects models showed that individuals with CoI had significantly higher error rates (b=-3.64, SE 0.86; z=-4.25; P<.001); higher reaction times (F1,41=22.32; P<.001); and lower implicit learning, measured via the response increase between sequence blocks and the random block (β=-0.34; SE 0.12; t=-2.81; P=.007). Furthermore, machine learning models based on these findings were able to reliably and accurately predict whether an individual was in the HC or CoI group, with an average prediction accuracy of 77.13% (95% CI 74.67%-81.33%). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the HC and CoI groups differed substantially in their performance in the SRTT. This highlights the promising potential of implicit learning paradigms in the detection of CoI. The short testing paradigm based on these results is easy to use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mychajliw
- Geriatric Center, University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- TuCAN, Tübingen Cognitive Assessment for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Holz
- TuCAN, Tübingen Cognitive Assessment for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Ludwigsburg University of Education, Ludwigsburg, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Minuth
- Geriatric Center, University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- TuCAN, Tübingen Cognitive Assessment for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Dawidowsky
- Geriatric Center, University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- TuCAN, Tübingen Cognitive Assessment for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wilhelm Eschweiler
- Geriatric Center, University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Gerhard Metzger
- Geriatric Center, University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Vitos Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Haina, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Vitos Haina gGmbH, Haina, Germany
| | - Franz Wortha
- TuCAN, Tübingen Cognitive Assessment for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Early Mathematics Learning, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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12
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Maturana-Quijada P, Chavarría-Elizondo P, Del Cerro I, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Juaneda-Seguí A, Guinea-Izquierdo A, Gascón-Bayarri J, Reñé R, Urretavizcaya M, Menchón JM, Ferrer I, Soria V, Soriano-Mas C. Effective connectivity of the locus coeruleus in patients with late-life Major Depressive Disorder or mild cognitive impairment. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2024:S2950-2853(24)00015-2. [PMID: 38453029 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared effective connectivity from the locus coeruleus (LC) during the resting-state in patients with late-life Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), individuals with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), and Healthy Controls (HCs). PARTICIPANTS 23 patients with late-life MDD, 22 patients with aMCI, and 28 HCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants were assessed in two time-points, 2 years apart. They underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a high-resolution anatomical acquisition, as well as clinical assessments. Functional imaging data were analyzed with dynamic causal modeling, and parametric empirical Bayes model was used to map effective connectivity between 7 distinct nodes: 4 from the locus coeruleus and 3 regions displaying gray matter decreases during the two-year follow-up period. RESULTS Longitudinal analysis of structural data identified three clusters of larger over-time gray matter volume reduction in patients (MDD+aMCI vs. HCs): the right precuneus, and the visual association and parahippocampal cortices. aMCI patients showed decreased effective connectivity from the left rostral to caudal portions of the LC, while connectivity from the left rostral LC to the parahippocampal cortex increased. In MDD, there was a decline in effective connectivity across LC caudal seeds, and increased connectivity from the left rostral to the left caudal LC seed over time. Connectivity alterations with cortical regions involved cross-hemisphere increases and same-hemisphere decreases. CONCLUSIONS Our discoveries provide insight into the dynamic changes in effective connectivity in individuals with late-life MDD and aMCI, also shedding light on the mechanisms potentially contributing to the onset of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Maturana-Quijada
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pamela Chavarría-Elizondo
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Del Cerro
- Department of Psychology, Medical School, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Radiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asier Juaneda-Seguí
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Guinea-Izquierdo
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gascón-Bayarri
- Dementia Diagnostic and Treatment Unit, Department of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Reñé
- Dementia Diagnostic and Treatment Unit, Department of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Urretavizcaya
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Soria
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Beardmore R, Durkin M, Zayee-Mellick F, Lau LC, Nicoll JAR, Holmes C, Boche D. Changes in the locus coeruleus during the course of Alzheimer's disease and their relationship to cortical pathology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12965. [PMID: 38374720 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the locus coeruleus (LC) undergoes early and extensive neuronal loss, preceded by abnormal intracellular tau aggregation, decades before the onset of clinical disease. Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI has been proposed as a method to image these changes during life. Surprisingly, human post-mortem studies have not examined how changes in LC during the course of the disease relate to cerebral pathology following the loss of the LC projection to the cortex. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to examine markers for 4G8 (pan-Aβ) and AT8 (ptau), LC integrity (neuromelanin, dopamine β-hydroxylase [DβH], tyrosine hydroxylase [TH]) and microglia (Iba1, CD68, HLA-DR) in the LC and related temporal lobe pathology of 59 post-mortem brains grouped by disease severity determined by Braak stage (0-II, III-IV and V-VI). The inflammatory environment was assessed using multiplex assays. RESULTS Changes in the LC with increasing Braak stage included increased neuronal loss (p < 0.001) and microglial Iba1 (p = 0.005) together with a reduction in neuromelanin (p < 0.001), DβH (p = 0.002) and TH (p = 0.041). Interestingly in LC, increased ptau and loss of neuromelanin were detected from Braak stage III-IV (p = 0.001). At Braak stage V/VI, the inflammatory environment was different in the LC vs TL, highlighting the anatomical heterogeneity of the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report the first quantification of neuromelanin during the course of AD and its relationship to AD pathology and neuroinflammation in the TL. Our findings of neuromelanin loss early in AD and before the neuroinflammatory reaction support the use of neuromelanin-MRI as a sensitive technique to identify early changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Beardmore
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Durkin
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Faizan Zayee-Mellick
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laurie C Lau
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James A R Nicoll
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Clive Holmes
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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14
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Aganj I, Mora J, Fischl B, Augustinack JC. Automatic Geometry-based Estimation of the Locus Coeruleus Region on T 1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576958. [PMID: 38328208 PMCID: PMC10849695 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a key brain structure implicated in cognitive function and neurodegenerative disease. Automatic segmentation of the LC is a crucial step in quantitative non-invasive analysis of the LC in large MRI cohorts. Most publicly available imaging databases for training automatic LC segmentation models take advantage of specialized contrast-enhancing (e.g., neuromelanin-sensitive) MRI. Segmentation models developed with such image contrasts, however, are not readily applicable to existing datasets with conventional MRI sequences. In this work, we evaluate the feasibility of using non-contrast neuroanatomical information to geometrically approximate the LC region from standard 3-Tesla T1-weighted images of 20 subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We employ this dataset to train and internally/externally evaluate two automatic localization methods, the Expected Label Value and the U-Net. We also test the hypothesis that using the phase image as input can improve the robustness of out-of-sample segmentation. We then apply our trained models to a larger subset of HCP, while exploratorily correlating LC imaging variables and structural connectivity with demographic and clinical data. This report contributes and provides an evaluation of two computational methods estimating neural structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Aganj
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Radiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jocelyn Mora
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Radiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Radiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Weber LM, Divecha HR, Tran MN, Kwon SH, Spangler A, Montgomery KD, Tippani M, Bharadwaj R, Kleinman JE, Page SC, Hyde TM, Collado-Torres L, Maynard KR, Martinowich K, Hicks SC. The gene expression landscape of the human locus coeruleus revealed by single-nucleus and spatially-resolved transcriptomics. eLife 2024; 12:RP84628. [PMID: 38266073 PMCID: PMC10945708 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) make long-range projections throughout the central nervous system, playing critical roles in arousal and mood, as well as various components of cognition including attention, learning, and memory. The LC-NE system is also implicated in multiple neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Importantly, LC-NE neurons are highly sensitive to degeneration in both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Despite the clinical importance of the brain region and the prominent role of LC-NE neurons in a variety of brain and behavioral functions, a detailed molecular characterization of the LC is lacking. Here, we used a combination of spatially-resolved transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to characterize the molecular landscape of the LC region and the transcriptomic profile of LC-NE neurons in the human brain. We provide a freely accessible resource of these data in web-accessible and downloadable formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Weber
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Heena R Divecha
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Matthew N Tran
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Sang Ho Kwon
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Abby Spangler
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Kelsey D Montgomery
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Madhavi Tippani
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Rahul Bharadwaj
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Stephanie C Page
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | | | - Kristen R Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Stephanie C Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
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16
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Kostenko A, Prezzavento O, de Leo G, D'Arco D, Gulino R, Caccamo A, Leanza G. Cognitive and Histopathological Alterations in Rat Models of Early- and Late-Phase Memory Dysfunction: Effects of Sigma-1 Receptor Activation. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 101:797-811. [PMID: 39240642 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Sigma-1 receptors are highly expressed in brain areas related to cognitive function and are a promising target for anti-amnesic treatments. We previously showed that activation of sigma-1 receptors by the selective agonist compound methyl(1 R,2 S/1 S,2 R)-2-[4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-1-(4-methylphenyl) cyclopropane carboxylate [(±)-PPCC] promotes a remarkable recovery in rat models of memory loss associated to cholinergic dysfunction. Objective In this study, we sought to assess the role of (±)-PPCC on working memory deficits caused by noradrenergic depletion. Methods Animals with a mild or severe working memory deficits associated to varying degrees of noradrenergic neuronal depletion were treated with the sigma-1 agonist just prior to the beginning of each behavioral testing session. Results While (±)-PPCC alone at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day failed to affect working memory in lesioned animals, its association with the α2 adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine, completely blocked noradrenaline release, significantly improving rat performance. This effect, distinct from noradrenaline activity, is likely to result from a direct action of the (±)-PPCC compound onto sigma-1 receptors, as pre-treatment with the selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047 reversed the improved working memory performance. Despite such clear functional effects, the treatment did not affect noradrenergic neuron survival or terminal fiber proliferation. Conclusions Future studies are thus necessary to address the effects of long-lasting (±)-PPCC treatment, with or without clonidine, on cognitive abilities and Alzheimer's disease-like histopathology. Considering the already established involvement of sigma-1 receptors in endogenous cell plasticity mechanisms, their activation by selective agonist compounds holds promises as possibly positive contributor to disease-modifying events in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kostenko
- Department of Life Sciences, B.R.A.I.N. (Basic Research and Integrative Neuroscience), Laboratory for Neurogenesis and Repair, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gioacchino de Leo
- Department of Life Sciences, B.R.A.I.N. (Basic Research and Integrative Neuroscience), Laboratory for Neurogenesis and Repair, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - David D'Arco
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Gulino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Caccamo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giampiero Leanza
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Molecular Preclinical and Translational Imaging Research Centre-IMPRonTE, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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17
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Matt RA, Martin RS, Evans AK, Gever JR, Vargas GA, Shamloo M, Ford AP. Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Pharmacology in Neurodegenerative Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 285:555-616. [PMID: 37495851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Adrenoceptors (ARs) throughout the brain are stimulated by noradrenaline originating mostly from neurons of the locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus that is ostensibly the earliest to show detectable pathology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The α1-AR, α2-AR, and β-AR subtypes expressed in target brain regions and on a range of cell populations define the physiological responses to noradrenaline, which includes activation of cognitive function in addition to modulation of neurometabolism, cerebral blood flow, and neuroinflammation. As these heterocellular functions are critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and neuronal health, combating the loss of noradrenergic tone from locus coeruleus degeneration may therefore be an effective treatment for both cognitive symptoms and disease modification in neurodegenerative indications. Two pharmacologic approaches are receiving attention in recent clinical studies: preserving noradrenaline levels (e.g., via reuptake inhibition) and direct activation of target adrenoceptors. Here, we review the expression and role of adrenoceptors in the brain, the preclinical studies which demonstrate that adrenergic stimulation can support cognitive function and cerebral health by reversing the effects of noradrenaline depletion, and the human data provided by pharmacoepidemiologic analyses and clinical trials which together identify adrenoceptors as promising targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew K Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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18
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Freeze WM, van Veluw SJ, Jansen WJ, Bennett DA, Jacobs HIL. Locus coeruleus pathology is associated with cerebral microangiopathy at autopsy. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5023-5035. [PMID: 37095709 PMCID: PMC10593911 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the link between locus coeruleus (LC) pathology and cerebral microangiopathy in two large neuropathology datasets. METHODS We included data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) database (n = 2197) and Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP; n = 1637). Generalized estimating equations and logistic regression were used to examine associations between LC hypopigmentation and presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or arteriolosclerosis, correcting for age at death, sex, cortical Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, ante mortem cognitive status, and presence of vascular and genetic risk factors. RESULTS LC hypopigmentation was associated with higher odds of overall CAA in the NACC dataset, leptomeningeal CAA in the ROSMAP dataset, and arteriolosclerosis in both datasets. DISCUSSION LC pathology is associated with cerebral microangiopathy, independent of cortical AD pathology. LC degeneration could potentially contribute to the pathways relating vascular pathology to AD. Future studies of the LC-norepinephrine system on cerebrovascular health are warranted. HIGHLIGHTS We associated locus coeruleus (LC) pathology and cerebral microangiopathy in two large autopsy datasets. LC hypopigmentation was consistently related to arteriolosclerosis in both datasets. LC hypopigmentation was related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) presence in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center dataset. LC hypopigmentation was related to leptomeningeal CAA in the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project dataset. LC degeneration may play a role in the pathways relating vascular pathology to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- WM Freeze
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ET, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - SJ van Veluw
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, MGH, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - WJ Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ET, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - DA Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - HIL Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ET, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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19
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Emmerson JT, Malcolm JC, Do Carmo S, Nguyen P, Breuillaud L, Martinez-Trujillo JC, Cuello AC. Neuronal loss and inflammation preceding fibrillary tau pathology in a rat model with early human-like tauopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106317. [PMID: 37802153 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the microtubule associated protein tau undergoes conformational and posttranslational modifications in a gradual, staged pathological process. While brain atrophy and cognitive decline are well-established in the advanced stages of tauopathy, it is unclear how the early pathological processes manifest prior to extensive neurodegeneration. For these studies we have applied a transgenic rat model of human-like tauopathy in its heterozygous form, named McGill-R955-hTau. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether lifelong accumulation of mutated human tau could reveal the earliest tau pathological processes in a context of advanced aging, and, at stages before the overt aggregated or fibrillary tau deposition. We characterized the phenotype of heterozygous R955-hTau rats at three endpoints, 10, 18 and 24-26 months of age, focusing on markers of cognitive capabilities, progressive tau pathology, neuronal health, neuroinflammation and brain ultrastructural integrity, using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Heterozygous R955-hTau transgenic rats feature a modest, life-long accumulation of mutated human tau that led to tau hyperphosphorylation and produced deficits in learning and memory tasks after 24 months of age. Such impairments coincided with more extensive tau hyperphosphorylation in the brain at residues pThr231 and with evidence of oligomerization. Importantly, aged R955-hTau rats presented evidence of neuroinflammation, detriments to myelin morphology and detectable hippocampal neuronal loss in the absence of overt neurofibrillary lesions and brain atrophy. The slow-progressing tauopathy of R955-hTau rats should allow to better delineate the temporal progression of tau pathological events and therefore to distinguish early indicators of tauopathy as having the capability to induce degenerative events in the aged CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Emmerson
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Janice C Malcolm
- Department of Cell Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Phuoc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Lionel Breuillaud
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Julio C Martinez-Trujillo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute and Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Cell Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada; Visiting Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, OX1 3QT.
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20
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Prinzi C, Kostenko A, de Leo G, Gulino R, Leanza G, Caccamo A. Selective Noradrenaline Depletion in the Neocortex and Hippocampus Induces Working Memory Deficits and Regional Occurrence of Pathological Proteins. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1264. [PMID: 37759663 PMCID: PMC10526041 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) depletion occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, its relationship with the pathological expression of Tau and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), two major hallmarks of AD, remains elusive. Here, increasing doses of a selective noradrenergic immunotoxin were injected into developing rats to generate a model of mild or severe NA loss. At about 12 weeks post-lesion, dose-dependent working memory deficits were detected in these animals, associated with a marked increase in cortical and hippocampal levels of TDP-43 phosphorylated at Ser 409/410 and Tau phosphorylated at Thr 217. Notably, the total levels of both proteins were largely unaffected, suggesting a direct relationship between neocortical/hippocampal NA depletion and the phosphorylation of pathological Tau and TDP-43 proteins. As pTD43 is present in 23% of AD cases and pTau Thr217 has been detected in patients with mild cognitive impairment that eventually would develop into AD, improvement of noradrenergic function in AD might represent a viable therapeutic approach with disease-modifying potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Prinzi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Anna Kostenko
- B.R.A.I.N. (Basic Research and Integrative Neuroscience) Laboratory for Neurogenesis and Repair, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gioacchino de Leo
- SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Triste, Italy;
| | - Rosario Gulino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Leanza
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Molecular Preclinical and Translational Imaging Research Centre-IMPRonTE, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Caccamo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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21
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Gargano A, Olabiyi BF, Palmisano M, Zimmer A, Bilkei-Gorzo A. Possible role of locus coeruleus neuronal loss in age-related memory and attention deficits. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1264253. [PMID: 37694113 PMCID: PMC10492095 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1264253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive abilities, including memory and attention. It is generally accepted that age-related histological changes such as increased neuroinflammatory glial activity and a reduction in the number of specific neuronal populations contribute to cognitive aging. Noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) undergo an approximately 20 % loss during ageing both in humans and mice, but whether this change contributes to cognitive deficits is not known. To address this issue, we asked whether a similar loss of LC neurons in young animals as observed in aged animals impairs memory and attention, cognitive domains that are both influenced by the noradrenergic system and impaired in aging. Methods For that, we treated young healthy mice with DSP-4, a toxin that specifically kills LC noradrenergic neurons. We compared the performance of DSP-4 treated young mice with the performance of aged mice in models of attention and memory. To do this, we first determined the dose of DSP-4, which causes a similar 20 % neuronal loss as is typical in aged animals. Results Young mice treated with DSP-4 showed impaired attention in the presence of distractor and memory deficits in the 5-choice serial reaction time test (5-CSRTT). Old, untreated mice showed severe deficits in both the 5-CSRTT and in fear extinction tests. Discussion Our data now suggest that a reduction in the number of LC neurons contributes to impaired working memory and greater distractibility in attentional tasks but not to deficits in fear extinction. We hypothesize that the moderate loss of LC noradrenergic neurons during aging contributes to attention deficits and working memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Lathe R, St Clair D. Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1424-1458. [PMID: 37068798 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic maximum lifespan varies enormously across animal species from a few hours to hundreds of years. This argues that maximum lifespan, and the ageing process that itself dictates lifespan, are to a large extent genetically determined. Although controversial, this is supported by firm evidence that semelparous species display evolutionarily programmed ageing in response to reproductive and environmental cues. Parabiosis experiments reveal that ageing is orchestrated systemically through the circulation, accompanied by programmed changes in hormone levels across a lifetime. This implies that, like the circadian and circannual clocks, there is a master 'clock of age' (circavital clock) located in the limbic brain of mammals that modulates systemic changes in growth factor and hormone secretion over the lifespan, as well as systemic alterations in gene expression as revealed by genomic methylation analysis. Studies on accelerated ageing in mice, as well as human longevity genes, converge on evolutionarily conserved fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors, including KLOTHO, as well as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and steroid hormones, as key players mediating the systemic effects of ageing. Age-related changes in these and multiple other factors are inferred to cause a progressive decline in tissue maintenance through failure of stem cell replenishment. This most severely affects the immune system, which requires constant renewal from bone marrow stem cells. Age-related immune decline increases risk of infection whereas lifespan can be extended in germfree animals. This and other evidence suggests that infection is the major cause of death in higher organisms. Immune decline is also associated with age-related diseases. Taking the example of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assess the evidence that AD is caused by immunosenescence and infection. The signature protein of AD brain, Aβ, is now known to be an antimicrobial peptide, and Aβ deposits in AD brain may be a response to infection rather than a cause of disease. Because some cognitively normal elderly individuals show extensive neuropathology, we argue that the location of the pathology is crucial - specifically, lesions to limbic brain are likely to accentuate immunosenescence, and could thus underlie a vicious cycle of accelerated immune decline and microbial proliferation that culminates in AD. This general model may extend to other age-related diseases, and we propose a general paradigm of organismal senescence in which declining stem cell proliferation leads to programmed immunosenescence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Little France, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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23
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Orlando IF, Shine JM, Robbins TW, Rowe JB, O'Callaghan C. Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems take centre stage in neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105167. [PMID: 37054802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems are among the most vulnerable brain systems in neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy. As these systems fail, they contribute directly to many of the characteristic cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. However, their contribution to symptoms is not sufficiently understood, and pharmacological interventions targeting noradrenergic and cholinergic systems have met with mixed success. Part of the challenge is the complex neurobiology of these systems, operating across multiple timescales, and with non-linear changes across the adult lifespan and disease course. We address these challenges in a detailed review of the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems, outlining their roles in cognition and behaviour, and how they influence neuropsychiatric symptoms in disease. By bridging across levels of analysis, we highlight opportunities for improving drug therapies and for pursuing personalised medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella F Orlando
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - James M Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire O'Callaghan
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
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24
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Frank CC, Seaman KL. Aging, uncertainty, and decision making-A review. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:773-787. [PMID: 36670294 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There is a great deal of uncertainty in the world. One common source of uncertainty results from incomplete or missing information about probabilistic outcomes (i.e., outcomes that may occur), which influences how people make decisions. The impact of this type of uncertainty may particularly pronounced for older adults, who, as the primary leaders around the world, make highly impactful decisions with lasting outcomes. This review examines the ways in which uncertainty about probabilistic outcomes is perceived, handled, and represented in the aging brain, with an emphasis on how uncertainty may specifically affect decision making in later life. We describe the role of uncertainty in decision making and aging from four perspectives, including 1) theoretical, 2) self-report, 3) behavioral, and 4) neuroscientific. We report evidence of any age-related differences in uncertainty among these contexts and describe how these changes may affect decision making. We then integrate the findings across the distinct perspectives, followed by a discussion of important future directions for research on aging and uncertainty, including prospection, domain-specificity in risk-taking behaviors, and choice overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen C Frank
- Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kendra L Seaman
- Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
- School of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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25
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Tremblay C, Choudhury P, Belden CM, Goldfarb D, Lorenzini I, Beach TG, Serrano GE. The role of sex differences in depression in pathologically defined Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1156764. [PMID: 37234269 PMCID: PMC10206015 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1156764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may contribute to disease heterogeneity and affect prevalence, risk factors, disease trajectories and outcomes. Depression impacts a large number of patients with AD and has been reported to be more prevalent in women. We aimed to better understand the interaction between sex, depression and AD neuropathology, which could have implications for detection of symptoms, earlier diagnosis, therapeutic management, and enhanced quality of life. Methods We compared 338 cases with clinicopathologically confirmed AD (46% women) to 258 control cases (50% women), without dementia, parkinsonism or a significant pathological diagnosis. Depression was assessed both, using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), and as being reported in their medical history combined with treatment with antidepressant medication. Results In the control group, women showed a higher depression severity, and a higher proportion of women were found to meet the cut-off score for depression on the HAM-D (32 vs. 16%) and having an history of depression (33 vs. 21%), while these sex differences were not observed in AD. Further, in both groups, female sex independently predicted the presence of depression, with covariates for age and cognitive status. AD subjects had higher mean HAM-D scores, were more likely to meet cutoff scores for depression (41 vs. 24%) and have a history of depression than controls (47 vs. 27%). When comparing the increase in frequency of depression in controls versus AD, the difference was significantly greater in men (AD men - control men: 24%) than in women (AD women - control women: 9%). Although subjects with depression were more likely to have higher levels of AD neuropathology, these differences were not observed when investigating the control or AD group separately. Discussion Control women had a higher likelihood and severity of depression than control men, but this sex difference was not noted when considering only those with pathologically defined AD, emphasizing the importance of considering sex in aging studies. AD was associated with higher rates of depression and men may be more likely to report or be diagnosed with depression once they develop AD indicating the importance of more frequent depression screenings in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Tremblay
- Department of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States
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26
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Yi YJ, Lüsebrink F, Ludwig M, Maaß A, Ziegler G, Yakupov R, Kreißl MC, Betts M, Speck O, Düzel E, Hämmerer D. It is the locus coeruleus! Or… is it?: a proposition for analyses and reporting standards for structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 129:137-148. [PMID: 37329853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the protein pathology epicenters in neurodegenerative diseases. In contrast to PET (positron emission tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) offers the spatial resolution necessary to investigate the 3-4 mm wide and 1.5 cm long LC. However, standard data postprocessing is often too spatially imprecise to allow investigating the structure and function of the LC at the group level. Our analysis pipeline uses a combination of existing toolboxes (SPM12, ANTs, FSL, FreeSurfer), and is tailored towards achieving suitable spatial precision in the brainstem area. Its effectiveness is demonstrated using 2 datasets comprising both younger and older adults. We also suggest quality assessment procedures which allow to quantify the spatial precision obtained. Spatial deviations below 2.5 mm in the LC area are achieved, which is superior to current standard approaches. Relevant for ageing and clinical researchers interested in brainstem imaging, we provide a tool for more reliable analyses of structural and functional LC imaging data which can be also adapted for investigating other nuclei of the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jin Yi
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Falk Lüsebrink
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Medicine and Digitalization, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Ludwig
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Maaß
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael C Kreißl
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Betts
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - Dorothea Hämmerer
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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27
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Koul B, Farooq U, Yadav D, Song M. Phytochemicals: A Promising Alternative for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040999. [PMID: 37109528 PMCID: PMC10144079 DOI: 10.3390/life13040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that worsens with ageing and affects memory and cognitive function. Presently more than 55 million individuals are affected by AD all over the world, and it is a leading cause of death in old age. The main purpose of this paper is to review the phytochemical constituents of different plants that are used for the treatment of AD. A thorough and organized review of the existing literature was conducted, and the data under the different sections were found using a computerized bibliographic search through the use of databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE, EMBASE, INMEDPLAN, NATTS, and numerous other websites. Around 360 papers were screened, and, out of that, 258 papers were selected on the basis of keywords and relevant information that needed to be included in this review. A total of 55 plants belonging to different families have been reported to possess different bioactive compounds (galantamine, curcumin, silymarin, and many more) that play a significant role in the treatment of AD. These plants possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and anti-amyloid properties and are safe for consumption. This paper focuses on the taxonomic details of the plants, the mode of action of their phytochemicals, their safety, future prospects, limitations, and sustainability criteria for the effective treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Koul
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Usma Farooq
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Chodari L, Derafshpour L, Jafari A, Ghasemi M, Mehranfard N. Exercise may alleviate age-related spatial memory impairment by rescuing β-adrenergic receptor dysregulation via both G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent mechanisms in rat hippocampus. Brain Res 2023; 1804:148250. [PMID: 36690167 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal-dependent memory abilities including spatial memory decline with age. Exercise improves memory decline in aging brain, but, the precise mechanisms are still unknown. Learning and memory are recently hypothesized to be mediated by a β-arrestin (βArr)-dependent β-adrenergic pathway. Hence, we examined the effect of 8 weeks of treadmill exercise on hippocampal expression of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs; members of the G protein-coupled receptor family), and βArrs as well as spatial learning and memory in aged male rats to determine whether β-AR/βArr pathway could be involved in age-related memory decline. A total of 24 young (3-month-old) and aged (18-month-old) male Wistar rats were divided into young control, aged sedentary, and aged + exercise (n = 8 for each). Western blot for β1- and β2-ARs as well as βArr1 and βArr2 was performed. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated with the Morris water maze. The results showed significant up-regulation of β1-ARs as well as significant down-regulation of β2-AR and βArrs (βArr1 and βArr2) in the hippocampus of aged rats. Spatial memory, but not spatial learning, was impaired in aging, and treadmill exercise improved it. Notably, the improvement in spatial memory was accompanied by amelioration of β-ARs dysregulation and increase in βArr2 levels after exercise. There was a negative association between the expression of βArr2 and β1-AR, but not β2-AR, such that an increase in βArr2 by exercise was associated with reduced β1-AR expression, suggesting βArr2 may contribute to posttranslational down-regulation of β1-ARs. These data suggest that both G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent β-AR pathways may regulate spatial learning and memory in aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Derafshpour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mehranfard
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Hippocampal Noradrenaline Is a Positive Regulator of Spatial Working Memory and Neurogenesis in the Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065613. [PMID: 36982688 PMCID: PMC10052298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of noradrenaline (NA)-rich afferents from the Locus Coeruleus (LC) ascending to the hippocampal formation has been reported to dramatically affect distinct aspects of cognitive function, in addition to reducing the proliferation of neural progenitors in the dentate gyrus. Here, the hypothesis that reinstating hippocampal noradrenergic neurotransmission with transplanted LC-derived neuroblasts would concurrently normalize both cognitive performance and adult hippocampal neurogenesis was investigated. Post-natal day (PD) 4 rats underwent selective immunolesioning of hippocampal noradrenergic afferents followed, 4 days later, by the bilateral intrahippocampal implantation of LC noradrenergic-rich or control cerebellar (CBL) neuroblasts. Starting from 4 weeks and up to about 9 months post-surgery, sensory-motor and spatial navigation abilities were evaluated, followed by post-mortem semiquantitative tissue analyses. All animals in the Control, Lesion, Noradrenergic Transplant and Control CBL Transplant groups exhibited normal sensory-motor function and were equally efficient in the reference memory version of the water maze task. By contrast, working memory abilities were seen to be consistently impaired in the Lesion-only and Control CBL-Transplanted rats, which also exhibited a virtually complete noradrenergic fiber depletion and a significant 62–65% reduction in proliferating 5-bromo-2′deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive progenitors in the dentate gyrus. Notably, the noradrenergic reinnervation promoted by the grafted LC, but not cerebellar neuroblasts, significantly ameliorated working memory performance and reinstated a fairly normal density of proliferating progenitors. Thus, LC-derived noradrenergic inputs may act as positive regulators of hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory possibly via the concurrent maintenance of normal progenitor proliferation in the dentate gyrus.
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B Szabo A, Cattaud V, Bezzina C, Dard RF, Sayegh F, Gauzin S, Lejards C, Valton L, Rampon C, Verret L, Dahan L. Neuronal hyperexcitability in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease - the influence of sleep and noradrenergic transmission. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:35-48. [PMID: 36634385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and network hypersynchrony - manifesting as epileptic activities - received considerable attention in the past decade. However, several questions remain unanswered as to its mechanistic underpinnings. Therefore, our objectives were (1) to better characterise epileptic events in the Tg2576 mouse model throughout the sleep-wake cycle and disease progression via electrophysiological recordings and (2) to explore the involvement of noradrenergic transmission in this pathological hypersynchrony. Over and above confirming the previously described early presence and predominance of epileptic events during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, we also show that these events do not worsen with age and are highly phase-locked to the section of the theta cycle during REM sleep where hippocampal pyramidal cells reach their highest firing probability. Finally, we reveal an antiepileptic mechanism of noradrenergic transmission via α1-adrenoreceptors that could explain the intriguing distribution of epileptic events over the sleep-wake cycle in this model, with potential therapeutic implications in the treatment of the epileptic events occurring in many AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Szabo
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute (TMBI), University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | - Vanessa Cattaud
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Bezzina
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Robin F Dard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fares Sayegh
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sebastien Gauzin
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Lejards
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute (TMBI), University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet - Purpan, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Verret
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Li S. The β-adrenergic hypothesis of synaptic and microglial impairment in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2023; 165:289-302. [PMID: 36799441 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease originating partly from amyloid β protein-induced synaptic failure. As damaging of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) occurs at the prodromal stage of AD, activation of adrenergic receptors could serve as the first line of defense against the onset of the disease. Activation of β2 -ARs strengthens long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic activity, thus improving learning and memory. Physical stimulation of animals exposed to an enriched environment (EE) leads to the activation of β2 -ARs and prevents synaptic dysfunction. EE also suppresses neuroinflammation, suggesting that β2 -AR agonists may play a neuroprotective role. The β2 -AR agonists used for respiratory diseases have been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect. Epidemiological studies further support the beneficial effects of β2 -AR agonists on several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, I propose that β2 -AR agonists may provide therapeutic value in combination with novel treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Costello H, Roiser JP, Howard R. Antidepressant medications in dementia: evidence and potential mechanisms of treatment-resistance. Psychol Med 2023; 53:654-667. [PMID: 36621964 PMCID: PMC9976038 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172200397x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Depression in dementia is common, disabling and causes significant distress to patients and carers. Despite widespread use of antidepressants for depression in dementia, there is no evidence of therapeutic efficacy, and their use is potentially harmful in this patient group. Depression in dementia has poor outcomes and effective treatments are urgently needed. Understanding why antidepressants are ineffective in depression in dementia could provide insight into their mechanism of action and aid identification of new therapeutic targets. In this review we discuss why depression in dementia may be a distinct entity, current theories of how antidepressants work and how these mechanisms of action may be affected by disease processes in dementia. We also consider why clinicians continue to prescribe antidepressants in dementia, and novel approaches to understand and identify effective treatments for patients living with depression and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Costello
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan P. Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Benarroch E. What Are Current Concepts on the Functional Organization of the Locus Coeruleus and Its Role in Cognition and Neurodegeneration? Neurology 2023; 100:132-137. [PMID: 36646470 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000206736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Vicente MC, Paneghini JL, Stabile AM, Amorim M, Anibal Silva CE, Patrone LGA, Cunha TM, Bícego KC, Almeida MC, Carrettiero DC, Gargaglioni LH. Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Microglia with Minocycline Improves Cognitive and Sleep-Wake Dysfunction Under Respiratory Stress in a Sporadic Model for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:317-337. [PMID: 37522205 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can occur due to excessive activation of microglia in response to the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Previously, we demonstrated an increased expression of this peptide in the locus coeruleus (LC) in a sporadic model for AD (streptozotocin, STZ; 2 mg/kg, ICV). We hypothesized that the STZ-AD model exhibits neuroinflammation, and treatment with an inhibitor of microglia (minocycline) can reverse the cognitive, respiratory, sleep, and molecular disorders of this model. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of minocycline treatment in STZ model disorders. METHODS We treated control and STZ-treated rats for five days with minocycline (30 mg/kg, IP) and evaluated cognitive performance, chemoreflex response to hypercapnia and hypoxia, and total sleep time. Additionally, quantification of Aβ, microglia analyses, and relative expression of cytokines in the LC were performed. RESULTS Minocycline treatment improved learning and memory, which was concomitant with a decrease in microglial cell density and re-establishment of morphological changes induced by STZ in the LC region. Minocycline did not reverse the STZ-induced increase in CO2 sensitivity during wakefulness. However, it restored the daytime sleep-wake cycle in STZ-treated animals to the same levels as those observed in control animals. In the LC, levels of A and expression of Il10, Il1b, and Mcp1 mRNA remained unaffected by minocycline, but we found a strong trend of minocycline effect on Tnf- α. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that minocycline effectively reduces microglial recruitment and the inflammatory morphological profile in the LC, while it recovers cognitive performance and restores the sleep-wake pattern impaired by STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane C Vicente
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia L Paneghini
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelita M Stabile
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Amorim
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Conceição E Anibal Silva
- Department of Pharmachology, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo A Patrone
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmachology, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kênia C Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Almeida
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Carrettiero
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Elzayat EM, Shahien SA, El-Sherif AA, Hosney M. miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S203-S225. [PMID: 37212107 PMCID: PMC10473110 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a cumulative progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by impairment in cognitive functions accompanied by memory loss, disturbance in behavior and personality, and difficulties in learning. Although the main causes of AD pathogenesis are not fully understood yet, amyloid-β peptides and tau proteins are supposed to be responsible for AD onset and pathogenesis. Various demographic, genetic, and environmental risk factors are involved in AD onset and pathogenesis such as age, gender, several genes, lipids, malnutrition, and poor diet. Significant changes were observed in microRNA (miRNA) levels between normal and AD cases giving hope for a diagnostic procedure for AD through a simple blood test. As yet, only two classes of AD therapeutic drugs are approved by FDA. They are classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists (NMDA). Unfortunately, they can only treat the symptoms but cannot cure AD or stop its progression. New therapeutic approaches were developed for AD treatment including acitretin due to its ability to cross blood-brain barrier in the brain of rats and mice and induce the expression of ADAM 10 gene, the α-secretase of human amyloid-β protein precursor, stimulating the non-amyloidogenic pathway for amyloid-β protein precursor processing resulting in amyloid-β reduction. Also stem cells may have a crucial role in AD treatment as they can improve cognitive functions and memory in AD rats through regeneration of damaged neurons. This review spotlights on promising diagnostic techniques such as miRNAs and therapeutic approaches such as acitretin and/or stem cells keeping in consideration AD pathogenesis, stages, symptoms, and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M. Elzayat
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Shahien
- Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Sherif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosney
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Zeeman M, Figeys M, Brimmo T, Burnstad C, Hao J, Kim ES. Task-Evoked Pupillary Response as a Potential Biomarker of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Scoping Review. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231160010. [PMID: 36896819 PMCID: PMC10580717 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231160010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Pupil dilation functions as a proxy for cognitive effort and can be measured through automated pupillometry. The aim of this scoping review is to examine how individuals with cognitive impairment differ in task-evoked pupillary responses relative to cognitively healthy individuals. A systematic literature search across six databases was conducted to identify studies examining changes in pupillary responses evoked by cognitive tasks comparing patients with dementia to healthy controls. Eight articles met inclusion criteria and were included for review. Differences in task-evoked pupillary response between cognitively impaired and cognitively healthy participants were observed across studies. Pupil dilation is decreased in patients with Alzheimer's Disease compared to controls, with no difference observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment. A mild, non-significant trend towards reduced pupil dilation in patients with either Parkinson's Disease or Dementia with Lewy Bodies suggests a similar but less pronounced effect than in AD patients. Further research is required to examine the utility of task-evoked pupillary responses as a potential biomarker indexing cognitive decline in individuals transitioning to mild cognitive impairment and/or dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zeeman
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mathieu Figeys
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tolani Brimmo
- Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cleo Burnstad
- Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jasmine Hao
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Esther S Kim
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Matsumoto H, Tagai K, Endo H, Matsuoka K, Takado Y, Kokubo N, Shimada H, Goto T, Goto TK, Higuchi M. Association of Tooth Loss with Alzheimer's Disease Tau Pathologies Assessed by Positron Emission Tomography. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1253-1265. [PMID: 37980663 PMCID: PMC10741329 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deterioration of the oral environment is one of the risk factors for dementia. A previous study of an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mouse suggests that tooth loss induces denervation of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and neuroinflammation, possibly leading to accelerated tau dissemination from the nearby locus coeruleus (LC). OBJECTIVE To elucidate the relevance of oral conditions and amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathologies in human participants. METHODS We examined the number of remaining teeth and the biofilm-gingival interface index in 24 AD-spectrum patients and 19 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). They also underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of Aβ and tau with specific radiotracers, 11C-PiB and 18F-PM-PBB3, respectively. All AD-spectrum patients were Aβ-positive, and all HCs were Aβ-negative. We analyzed the correlation between the oral parameters and radiotracer retention. RESULTS No differences were found in oral conditions between the AD and HC groups. 11C-PiB retentions did not correlate with the oral indices in either group. In AD-spectrum patients, brain-wide, voxel-based image analysis highlighted several regions, including the LC and associated brainstem substructures, as areas where 18F-PM-PBB3 retentions negatively correlated with the remaining teeth and revealed the correlation of tau deposits in the LC (r = -0.479, p = 0.018) primarily with the hippocampal and neighboring areas. The tau deposition in none of the brain regions was associated with the periodontal status. CONCLUSIONS Our findings with previous preclinical evidence imply that tooth loss may enhance AD tau pathogenesis, promoting tau spreading from LC to the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Tagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Endo
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naomi Kokubo
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Functional Neurology & Neurosurgery, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Goto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tazuko K. Goto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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de Leo G, Gulino R, Coradazzi M, Leanza G. Acetylcholine and noradrenaline differentially regulate hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory. Brain Commun 2022; 5:fcac338. [PMID: 36632183 PMCID: PMC9825812 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain nuclei and of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus are almost invariant histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. However, the role of these transmitter systems in the spectrum of cognitive dysfunctions typical of the disease is still unclear, nor is it yet fully known whether do these systems interact and how. Selective ablation of either neuronal population, or both of them combined, were produced in developing animals to investigate their respective and/or concurrent contribution to spatial learning and memory, known to be severely affected in Alzheimer's disease. Single or double lesions were created in 4-8 days old rats by bilateral intraventricular infusion of two selective immunotoxins. At about 16 weeks of age, the animals underwent behavioural tests specifically designed to evaluate reference and working memory abilities, and their brains were later processed for quantitative morphological analyses. Animals with lesion to either system alone showed no significant reference memory deficits which, by contrast, were evident in the double-lesioned subjects. These animals could not adopt an efficient search strategy on a given testing day and were unable to transfer all relevant information to the next day, suggesting deficits in acquisition, storage and/or recall. Only animals with single noradrenergic or double lesions exhibited impaired working memory. Interestingly, ablation of cholinergic afferents to the hippocampus stimulated a robust ingrowth of thick fibres from the superior cervical ganglion which, however, did not appear to have contributed to the observed cognitive performance. Ascending cholinergic and noradrenergic afferents to the hippocampus and neocortex appear to be primarily involved in the regulation of different cognitive domains, but they may functionally interact, mainly at hippocampal level, for sustaining normal learning and memory. Moreover, these transmitter systems are likely to compensate for each other, but apparently not via ingrowing sympathetic fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marino Coradazzi
- Neurogenesis and Repair Lab., B.R.A.I.N. Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Leanza
- Correspondence to: Giampiero Leanza Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy E-mail:
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Mercan D, Heneka MT. The Contribution of the Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenaline System Degeneration during the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1822. [PMID: 36552331 PMCID: PMC9775634 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide and intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau, is the most common form of dementia. Memory loss, cognitive decline and disorientation are the ultimate consequences of neuronal death, synapse loss and neuroinflammation in AD. In general, there are many brain regions affected but neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the earliest indicators of neurodegeneration in AD. Since the LC is the main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the brain, degeneration of the LC in AD leads to decreased NA levels, causing increased neuroinflammation, enhanced amyloid and tau burden, decreased phagocytosis and impairment in cognition and long-term synaptic plasticity. In this review, we summarized current findings on the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system and consequences of its dysfunction which is now recognized as an important contributor to AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Mercan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Adcock KS, Lawlor B, Robertson IH, Vanneste S. Diminishing accelerated long-term forgetting in mild cognitive impairment: Study protocol for a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 30:100989. [PMID: 36117569 PMCID: PMC9478352 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Harnessing the lifelong potential of the human brain for neuroplasticity may serve to maintain the viability of neural structures and postpone the onset of cognitive decline. The absence of effective pharmacological interventions to counter memory decline has encouraged scientists to test the possibility that noninvasive electrical stimulation may serve as an additional tool to improve memory abilities. Previous research showed that electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve enhances memory recall performance in young and older healthy subjects. This study aims to extend these findings to determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve on the improvement of episodic memory in individuals with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). Methods/design This study is a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized parallel-group study. A total of 100 individuals with a diagnosis of aMCI according to NIA/AA will be recruited. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups. One group will receive active non-invasive transcutaneous electrical stimulation of greater occipital nerve (NITESGON), while three groups will serve as controls (i.e., sham NITESGON, active NITESGON with local anesthesia, and active NITESGON on the C5/C6 nerve). The primary outcome, i.e., memory recall, will be determined by a word association task, and will be recorded at baseline, 7 days after NITESGON, and 28 days after NITESGON. The secondary outcome is neurophysiological changes determined by resting state EEG and will be assessed immediately before and after NITESGON. Discussion The results will add new insights into improving episodic memory in individuals with aMCI. Trial registration #NCT05289804 (clinicaltrial.gov) Protocol approval id #SPREC102021-23 (Ethics Committee at Trinity College Dublin, School of Psychology)
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Adcock
- Global Brain Health Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian H Robertson
- Global Brain Health Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Global Brain Health Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Evans AK, Defensor E, Shamloo M. Selective Vulnerability of the Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic System and its Role in Modulation of Neuroinflammation, Cognition, and Neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1030609. [PMID: 36532725 PMCID: PMC9748190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic (NE) neurons supply the main adrenergic input to the forebrain. NE is a dual modulator of cognition and neuroinflammation. NE neurons of the LC are particularly vulnerable to degeneration both with normal aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. Consequences of this vulnerability can be observed in both cognitive impairment and dysregulation of neuroinflammation. LC NE neurons are pacemaker neurons that are active during waking and arousal and are responsive to stressors in the environment. Chronic overactivation is thought to be a major contributor to the vulnerability of these neurons. Here we review what is known about the mechanisms underlying this neuronal vulnerability and combinations of environmental and genetic factors that contribute to confer risk to these important brainstem neuromodulatory and immunomodulatory neurons. Finally, we discuss proposed and potential interventions that may reduce the overall risk for LC NE neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Evans
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Delbono O, Wang Z, Messi ML. Brainstem noradrenergic neurons: Identifying a hub at the intersection of cognition, motility, and skeletal muscle regulation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13887. [PMID: 36073023 PMCID: PMC9588743 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Brainstem noradrenergic neuron clusters form a node integrating efferents projecting to distinct areas such as those regulating cognition and skeletal muscle structure and function, and receive dissimilar afferents through established circuits to coordinate organismal responses to internal and environmental challenges. Genetic lineage tracing shows the remarkable heterogeneity of brainstem noradrenergic neurons, which may explain their varied functions. They project to the locus coeruleus, the primary source of noradrenaline in the brain, which supports learning and cognition. They also project to pre-ganglionic neurons, which lie within the spinal cord and form synapses onto post-ganglionic neurons. The synapse between descending brainstem noradrenergic neurons and pre-ganglionic spinal neurons, and these in turn with post-ganglionic noradrenergic neurons located at the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia, support an anatomical hierarchy that regulates skeletal muscle innervation, neuromuscular transmission, and muscle trophism. Whether any noradrenergic neuron subpopulation is more susceptible to damaged protein deposit and death with ageing and neurodegeneration is a relevant question that answer will help us to detect neurodegeneration at an early stage, establish prognosis, and anticipate disease progression. Loss of muscle mass and strength with ageing, termed sarcopenia, may predict impaired cognition with ageing and neurodegeneration and establish an early time to start interventions aimed at reducing central noradrenergic neurons hyperactivity. Complex multidisciplinary approaches, including genetic tracing, specific circuit labelling, optogenetics and chemogenetics, electrophysiology, and single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics, are required to test this hypothesis pre-clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine. Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Zhong‐Min Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine. Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - María Laura Messi
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine. Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
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Li M, Liu S, Zhu H, Guo Z, Zhi Y, Liu R, Jiang Z, Liang X, Hu H, Zhu J. Decreased locus coeruleus signal associated with Alzheimer’s disease based on neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging technique. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1014485. [PMID: 36278009 PMCID: PMC9580271 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1014485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) technique was used to detect the changes of the locus coeruleus (LC) signals in Alzheimer’s disease patients (AD), and to analyze its correlation with cognitive function. Materials and methods A total of 27 patients with AD, 15 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 25 healthy controls (HC) were examined by NM-MRI technique. ImageJ software was used to measure the LC signals. The locus coeruleus signal contrast ratios (LC-CRs) were calculated, along with the measurement of neuropsychological scales. Results The LC-CRs of AD patients were significantly different from that of HC (p = 0.007, 95% CI: −0.053∼−0.007). However, such significant differences were not observed between MCI and HC (p = 1.000, 95% CI: −0.030∼0.024), AD and MCI (p = 0.050, 95% CI: −0.054∼0.000). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was identified between LC-CRs and MMSE sub item Drawing (r = 0.484, p = 0.011) in the AD group, MoCA sub item Attention (r = 0.519, p = 0.047) in the MCI group. The area under the curve of LC-CRs in the diagnosis of AD was 0.749 (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 0.618∼0.880), with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 56.0%. Conclusion The NM-MRI technique could quantify the pathological degenerations of the LC in AD. Such LC degenerations can be employed to distinguish AD from healthy elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanwen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqin Zhu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqi Zhi
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Innovation, Neusoft Medical Systems Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Hua Hu,
| | - Jiangtao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangtao Zhu,
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Elman JA, Puckett OK, Hagler DJ, Pearce RC, Fennema-Notestine C, Hatton SN, Lyons MJ, McEvoy LK, Panizzon MS, Reas ET, Dale AM, Franz CE, Kremen WS. Associations between MRI-assessed locus coeruleus integrity and cortical gray matter microstructure. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4191-4203. [PMID: 34969072 PMCID: PMC9528780 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the earliest sites of tau pathology, making it a key structure in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. As the primary source of norepinephrine for the brain, reduced LC integrity may have negative consequences for brain health, yet macrostructural brain measures (e.g. cortical thickness) may not be sensitive to early stages of neurodegeneration. We therefore examined whether LC integrity was associated with differences in cortical gray matter microstructure among 435 men (mean age = 67.5; range = 62-71.7). LC structural integrity was indexed by contrast-to-noise ratio (LCCNR) from a neuromelanin-sensitive MRI scan. Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI), an advanced multi-shell diffusion technique, was used to characterize cortical microstructure, modeling total diffusion in restricted, hindered, and free water compartments. Higher LCCNR (greater integrity) was associated with higher hindered and lower free water diffusion in multiple cortical regions. In contrast, no associations between LCCNR and cortical thickness survived correction. Results suggest lower LC integrity is associated with patterns of cortical microstructure that may reflect a reduction in cytoarchitectural barriers due to broader neurodegenerative processes. These findings highlight the potential utility for LC imaging and advanced diffusion measures of cortical microstructure in assessing brain health and early identification of neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivia K Puckett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rahul C Pearce
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Linda K McEvoy
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emilie T Reas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
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Baytas O, Kauer JA, Morrow EM. Loss of mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 causes early neurodegeneration in locus coeruleus. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105831. [PMID: 35908744 PMCID: PMC9669404 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) is among the first brain areas to degenerate in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease; however, the underlying causes for the vulnerability of LC neurons are not well defined. Here we report a novel mechanism of degeneration of LC neurons caused by loss of the mitochondrial enzyme glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2). GPT2 Deficiency is a newly-recognized childhood neurometabolic disorder. The GPT2 enzyme regulates cell growth through replenishment of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and modulation of amino acid metabolism. In Gpt2-null mice, we observe an early loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in LC and reduced soma size at postnatal day 18. Gpt2-null LC shows selective positive Fluoro-Jade C staining. Neuron loss is accompanied by selective, prominent microgliosis and astrogliosis in LC. We observe reduced noradrenergic projections to and norepinephrine levels in hippocampus and spinal cord. Whole cell recordings in Gpt2-null LC slices show reduced soma size and abnormal action potentials with altered firing kinetics. Strikingly, we observe early decreases in phosphorylated S6 in Gpt2-null LC, preceding prominent p62 aggregation, increased LC3B-II to LC3B-I ratio, and neuronal loss. These data are consistent with a possible mechanism involving deficiency in protein synthesis and cell growth, associated subsequently with abnormal autophagy and neurodegeneration. As compared to the few genetic animal models with LC degeneration, loss of LC neurons in Gpt2-null mice is developmentally the earliest. Early neuron loss in LC in a model of human neurometabolic disease provides important clues regarding the metabolic vulnerability of LC and may lead to new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Baytas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Julie A Kauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Eric M Morrow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Flores-Aguilar L, Hall H, Orciani C, Foret MK, Kovecses O, Ducatenzeiler A, Cuello AC. Early loss of locus coeruleus innervation promotes cognitive and neuropathological changes before amyloid plaque deposition in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12835. [PMID: 35822518 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The locus coeruleus (LC) is the main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the mammalian brain and has been found to degenerate during the initial stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies indicate that at late stages of the amyloid pathology, LC-pathological alterations accelerate AD-like pathology progression by interfering with the neuromodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of NA. However, the impact of LC degeneration at the earliest stages of amyloidosis on the AD-like pathology is not well understood. METHODS The LC was lesioned in wild-type (wt) and McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats (APP tg) by administering N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-bromo-benzylamine (DSP4) before amyloid plaque deposition. Cognitive deficits and AD-like neuropathological changes were measured after the LC lesion. RESULTS Four months post-treatment, rats displayed a decrease in brain noradrenergic innervation. The LC lesion in APP tg-treated rats enhanced cognitive deficits and decreased hippocampal cholinergic innervation and neurotrophin expression. In addition, the APP tg-treated rats displayed an increased microglial and astroglial cell number in close vicinity to hippocampal amyloid-beta burdened neurons. The recruited microglia showed cellular alterations indicative of an intermediate activation state. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that early LC demise aggravates the early neuroinflammatory process, cognitive impairments, cholinergic deficits and neurotrophin deregulation at the earliest stages of the human-like brain amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisi Flores-Aguilar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Current affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Hélène Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chiara Orciani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Morgan K Foret
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivia Kovecses
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Visiting Professor, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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47
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Wang Z, Cao X, LaBella A, Zeng X, Biegon A, Franceschi D, Petersen E, Clayton N, Ulaner GA, Zhao W, Goldan AH. High-resolution and high-sensitivity PET for quantitative molecular imaging of the monoaminergic nuclei: A GATE simulation study. Med Phys 2022; 49:4430-4444. [PMID: 35390182 PMCID: PMC11025683 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative in vivo molecular imaging of fine brain structures requires high-spatial resolution and high-sensitivity. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an attractive candidate to introduce molecular imaging into standard clinical care due to its highly targeted and versatile imaging capabilities based on the radiotracer being used. However, PET suffers from relatively poor spatial resolution compared to other clinical imaging modalities, which limits its ability to accurately quantify radiotracer uptake in brain regions and nuclei smaller than 3 mm in diameter. Here we introduce a new practical and cost-effective high-resolution and high-sensitivity brain-dedicated PET scanner, using our depth-encoding Prism-PET detector modules arranged in a conformal decagon geometry, to substantially reduce the partial volume effect and enable accurate radiotracer uptake quantification in small subcortical nuclei. METHODS Two Prism-PET brain scanner setups were proposed based on our 4-to-1 and 9-to-1 coupling of scintillators to readout pixels using1.5 × 1.5 × 20 $1.5 \times 1.5 \times 20$ mm3 and0.987 × 0.987 × 20 $0.987 \times 0.987 \times 20$ mm3 crystal columns, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations of our Prism-PET scanners, Siemens Biograph Vision, and United Imaging EXPLORER were performed using Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE). National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standard was followed for the evaluation of spatial resolution, sensitivity, and count-rate performance. An ultra-micro hot spot phantom was simulated for assessing image quality. A modified Zubal brain phantom was utilized for radiotracer imaging simulations of 5-HT1A receptors, which are abundant in the raphe nuclei (RN), and norepinephrine transporters, which are highly concentrated in the bilateral locus coeruleus (LC). RESULTS The Prism-PET brain scanner with 1.5 mm crystals is superior to that with 1 mm crystals as the former offers better depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution, which is key to realizing compact and conformal PET scanner geometries. We achieved uniform 1.3 mm full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) spatial resolutions across the entire transaxial field-of-view (FOV), a NEMA sensitivity of 52.1 kcps/MBq, and a peak noise equivalent count rate (NECR) of 957.8 kcps at 25.2 kBq/mL using 450-650 keV energy window. Hot spot phantom results demonstrate that our scanner can resolve regions as small as 1.35 mm in diameter at both center and 10 cm away from the center of the transaixal FOV. Both 5-HT1A receptor and norepinephrine transporter brain simulations prove that our Prism-PET scanner enables accurate quantification of radiotracer uptake in small brain regions, with a 1.8-fold and 2.6-fold improvement in the dorsal RN as well as a 3.2-fold and 4.4-fold improvement in the bilateral LC compared to the Biograph Vision and EXPLORER, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on our simulation results, the proposed high-resolution and high-sensitivity Prism-PET brain scanner is a promising cost-effective candidate to achieve quantitative molecular neuroimaging of small but important brain regions with PET clinically viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Xinjie Cao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Andy LaBella
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xinjie Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anat Biegon
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Dinko Franceschi
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Eric Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Clayton
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Gary A. Ulaner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, California, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Amir H. Goldan
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Bhatia S, Bungau S. The Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenaline system: Looking into Alzheimer's therapeutics with rose coloured glasses. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113179. [PMID: 35676784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the challenging ethos of global healthcare system, the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) researchers are consistently striving for a suitable target for disease amelioration. Besides the neurotransmitter release by neurons, the cells release tau proteins and amyloid peptides, within the extracellular vacancies, aggregating into tangles and plaques (AD pathological hallmarks). During neuro-stimulation, release of neuromodulator noradrenaline (NA), contained in the locus coeruleus (LC), exerts a significant impact on the neurons and microglia. The production of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins are affected by the α2A and β adrenoreceptors, parallel to influencing their clearance. The manuscript entails a detailed understanding of the LC-NA system, as a possible avenue in AD management. The authors provide a comprehensive data on AD pathology and its link with LC neuroanatomical projections, followed by the pathogenic implications of LC-NA system in AD. The data also integrates numerous studies from online databases, evidently supporting the loss of the system integrity in AD patients, and the impact of the sympathetic system on specific AD hallmarks. Thus, the objective of this review is to compile a wide compendium of studies, for the convenience of the neuro-researchers, aiding in the establishment of a suitable therapeutic regimen for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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Lima RS, Carrettiero DC, Ferrari MFR. BAG2 prevents Tau hyperphosphorylation and increases p62/SQSTM1 in cell models of neurodegeneration. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7623-7635. [PMID: 35612780 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein aggregates are pathological hallmarks of many neurodegenerative diseases, however the physiopathological role of these aggregates is not fully understood. Protein quality control has a pivotal role for protein homeostasis and depends on specific chaperones. The co-chaperone BAG2 can target phosphorylated Tau for degradation by an ubiquitin-independent pathway, although its possible role in autophagy was not yet elucidated. In view of this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association among protein aggregation, autophagy and BAG2 levels in cultured cells from hippocampus and locus coeruleus as well as in SH-SY5Y cell line upon different protein aggregation scenarios induced by rotenone, which is a flavonoid used as pesticide and triggers neurodegeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study showed that rotenone exposure at 0.3 nM for 48 h impaired autophagy prior to Tau phosphorylation at Ser199/202 in hippocampus but not in locus coeruleus cells, suggesting that distinct neuron cells respond differently to rotenone toxicity. Rotenone induced Tau phosphorylation at Ser199/202, together with a decrease in the endogenous BAG2 protein levels in SH-SY5Y and hippocampus cell culture, which indicates that rotenone and Tau hyperphosphorylation can affect this co-chaperone. Finally, it has been shown that BAG2 overexpression, increased p62/SQSTM1 levels in cells from hippocampus and locus coeruleus, stimulated LC3II recycling as well as prevented the raise of phosphorylated Tau at Ser199/202 in hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate a possible role for BAG2 in degradation pathways of specific substrates and its importance for the study of cellular aspects of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S Lima
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Carrettiero
- Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Merari F R Ferrari
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
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50
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Guzmán-Ramos K, Osorio-Gómez D, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Cognitive impairment in alzheimer’s and metabolic diseases: A catecholaminergic hypothesis. Neuroscience 2022; 497:308-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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