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Geraci J, Bhargava R, Qorri B, Leonchyk P, Cook D, Cook M, Sie F, Pani L. Machine learning hypothesis-generation for patient stratification and target discovery in rare disease: our experience with Open Science in ALS. Front Comput Neurosci 2024; 17:1199736. [PMID: 38260713 PMCID: PMC10801647 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1199736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Advances in machine learning (ML) methodologies, combined with multidisciplinary collaborations across biological and physical sciences, has the potential to propel drug discovery and development. Open Science fosters this collaboration by releasing datasets and methods into the public space; however, further education and widespread acceptance and adoption of Open Science approaches are necessary to tackle the plethora of known disease states. Motivation In addition to providing much needed insights into potential therapeutic protein targets, we also aim to demonstrate that small patient datasets have the potential to provide insights that usually require many samples (>5,000). There are many such datasets available and novel advancements in ML can provide valuable insights from these patient datasets. Problem statement Using a public dataset made available by patient advocacy group AnswerALS and a multidisciplinary Open Science approach with a systems biology augmented ML technology, we aim to validate previously reported drug targets in ALS and provide novel insights about ALS subpopulations and potential drug targets using a unique combination of ML methods and graph theory. Methodology We use NetraAI to generate hypotheses about specific patient subpopulations, which were then refined and validated through a combination of ML techniques, systems biology methods, and expert input. Results We extracted 8 target classes, each comprising of several genes that shed light into ALS pathophysiology and represent new avenues for treatment. These target classes are broadly categorized as inflammation, epigenetic, heat shock, neuromuscular junction, autophagy, apoptosis, axonal transport, and excitotoxicity. These findings are not mutually exclusive, and instead represent a systematic view of ALS pathophysiology. Based on these findings, we suggest that simultaneous targeting of ALS has the potential to mitigate ALS progression, with the plausibility of maintaining and sustaining an improved quality of life (QoL) for ALS patients. Even further, we identified subpopulations based on disease onset. Conclusion In the spirit of Open Science, this work aims to bridge the knowledge gap in ALS pathophysiology to aid in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies and pave the way for the development of personalized treatments tailored to the individual's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Geraci
- NetraMark Corp, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Arthur C. Clarke Center for Human Imagination, School of Physical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ravi Bhargava
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Science, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Science and Research, Roche Integrated Informatics, F. Hoffmann La-Roche, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Douglas Cook
- NetraMark Corp, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Moses Cook
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fanny Sie
- Science and Research, Roche Integrated Informatics, F. Hoffmann La-Roche, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luca Pani
- NetraMark Corp, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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2
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Genin EC, Abou-Ali M, Paquis-Flucklinger V. Mitochondria, a Key Target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1981. [PMID: 38002924 PMCID: PMC10671245 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where it contributes to motor neuron (MN) death. Of all the factors involved in ALS, mitochondria have been considered as a major player, as secondary mitochondrial dysfunction has been found in various models and patients. Abnormal mitochondrial morphology, defects in mitochondrial dynamics, altered activities of respiratory chain enzymes and increased production of reactive oxygen species have been described. Moreover, the identification of CHCHD10 variants in ALS patients was the first genetic evidence that a mitochondrial defect may be a primary cause of MN damage and directly links mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathogenesis of ALS. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondria in ALS and highlight the pathogenic variants of ALS genes associated with impaired mitochondrial functions. The multiple pathways demonstrated in ALS pathogenesis suggest that all converge to a common endpoint leading to MN loss. This may explain the disappointing results obtained with treatments targeting a single pathological process. Fighting against mitochondrial dysfunction appears to be a promising avenue for developing combined therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle C. Genin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm U1081, CNRS UMR7284, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, 06200 Nice, France; (M.A.-A.); (V.P.-F.)
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3
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De Marchi F, Tondo G, Corrado L, Menegon F, Aprile D, Anselmi M, D’Alfonso S, Comi C, Mazzini L. Neuroinflammatory Pathways in the ALS-FTD Continuum: A Focus on Genetic Variants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1658. [PMID: 37628709 PMCID: PMC10454262 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal dementia (FDT) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders that, in several cases, overlap in clinical presentation, and genetic and pathological disease mechanisms. About 10-15% of ALS cases and up to 40% of FTD are familial, usually with dominant traits. ALS and FTD, in several cases, share common gene mutations, such as in C9ORF72, TARDBP, SQSTM-1, FUS, VCP, CHCHD10, and TBK-1. Also, several mechanisms are involved in ALS and FTD pathogenesis, such as protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and impaired axonal transport. In addition, neuroinflammation and neuroinflammatory cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and lymphocytes and, overall, the cellular microenvironment, have been proposed as pivotal players in the pathogenesis the ALS-FTD spectrum disorders. This review overviews the current evidence regarding neuroinflammatory markers in the ALS/FTD continuum, focusing on the neuroinflammatory pathways involved in the genetic cases, moving from post-mortem reports to in vivo biofluid and neuroimaging data. We further discuss the potential link between genetic and autoimmune disorders and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola De Marchi
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Tondo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (G.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Federico Menegon
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Davide Aprile
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (G.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Matteo Anselmi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Sandra D’Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (G.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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4
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Chu S, Xie X, Payan C, Stochaj U. Valosin containing protein (VCP): initiator, modifier, and potential drug target for neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:52. [PMID: 37545006 PMCID: PMC10405438 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The AAA+ ATPase valosin containing protein (VCP) is essential for cell and organ homeostasis, especially in cells of the nervous system. As part of a large network, VCP collaborates with many cofactors to ensure proteostasis under normal, stress, and disease conditions. A large number of mutations have revealed the importance of VCP for human health. In particular, VCP facilitates the dismantling of protein aggregates and the removal of dysfunctional organelles. These are critical events to prevent malfunction of the brain and other parts of the nervous system. In line with this idea, VCP mutants are linked to the onset and progression of neurodegeneration and other diseases. The intricate molecular mechanisms that connect VCP mutations to distinct brain pathologies continue to be uncovered. Emerging evidence supports the model that VCP controls cellular functions on multiple levels and in a cell type specific fashion. Accordingly, VCP mutants derail cellular homeostasis through several mechanisms that can instigate disease. Our review focuses on the association between VCP malfunction and neurodegeneration. We discuss the latest insights in the field, emphasize open questions, and speculate on the potential of VCP as a drug target for some of the most devastating forms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, HG3 1Y6, Canada
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, HG3 1Y6, Canada
| | - Carla Payan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, HG3 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, HG3 1Y6, Canada.
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Bagyinszky E, Hulme J, An SSA. Studies of Genetic and Proteomic Risk Factors of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Inspire Biomarker Development and Gene Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1948. [PMID: 37566027 PMCID: PMC10417729 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease affecting the upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, motor impairments, disabilities and death. Approximately 5-10% of ALS cases are associated with positive family history (familial ALS or fALS), whilst the remainder are sporadic (sporadic ALS, sALS). At least 50 genes have been identified as causative or risk factors for ALS. Established pathogenic variants include superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (c9orf72), TAR DNA Binding Protein (TARDBP), and Fused In Sarcoma (FUS); additional ALS-related genes including Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 2B (CHMP2B), Senataxin (SETX), Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), TANK Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) and NIMA Related Kinase 1 (NEK1), have been identified. Mutations in these genes could impair different mechanisms, including vesicle transport, autophagy, and cytoskeletal or mitochondrial functions. So far, there is no effective therapy against ALS. Thus, early diagnosis and disease risk predictions remain one of the best options against ALS symptomologies. Proteomic biomarkers, microRNAs, and extracellular vehicles (EVs) serve as promising tools for disease diagnosis or progression assessment. These markers are relatively easy to obtain from blood or cerebrospinal fluids and can be used to identify potential genetic causative and risk factors even in the preclinical stage before symptoms appear. In addition, antisense oligonucleotides and RNA gene therapies have successfully been employed against other diseases, such as childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which could also give hope to ALS patients. Therefore, an effective gene and biomarker panel should be generated for potentially "at risk" individuals to provide timely interventions and better treatment outcomes for ALS patients as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bagyinszky
- Graduate School of Environment Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - John Hulme
- Graduate School of Environment Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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Miura S, Hiruki S, Okada T, Takei SI, Senzaki K, Okada Y, Ochi M, Tanabe Y, Ochi H, Igase M, Ohyagi Y, Shibata H. Case report: Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by a missense variant (p.Arg89Trp) in the valosin-containing protein gene. Front Genet 2023; 14:1155998. [PMID: 37303947 PMCID: PMC10250589 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1155998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 6, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 14, is an autosomal dominant, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by various mutations in the valosin-containing protein gene. In this report, we examined a 51-year-old female Japanese patient with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The patient began noticing gait disturbances at the age of 45 years. Neurological examination at the age of 46 years met the Awaji criteria for clinically probable amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. At the age of 49 years, she tended to have poor mood and an aversion to activity. Her symptoms gradually worsened. She required a wheelchair for transport and had difficulty communicating with others because of poor comprehension. She then began to frequently exhibit irritability. Eventually, she was admitted to the psychiatric hospital because uncontrollable violent behavior throughout the day. Longitudinal brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed progressive brain atrophy with temporal dominance, non-progressive cerebellar atrophy, and some non-specific white matter intensities. Brain single photon emission computed tomography showed hypoperfusion in the bilateral temporal lobes and cerebellar hemispheres. Clinical exome sequencing revealed the presence of a heterozygous nonsynonymous variant (NM_007126.5, c.265C>T; p.Arg89Trp) in the valosin-containing protein gene, which was absent in the 1000 Genomes Project, the Exome Aggregation Consortium Database, and the Genome Aggregation Database, and was predicted to be "damaging" by PolyPhen-2 and "deleterious" using SIFT with a Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion score of 35. We also confirmed the absence of this variant in 505 Japanese control subjects. Therefore, we concluded that the variant in the valosin-containing protein gene was responsible for the symptoms of this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiroh Miura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Hiruki
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okada
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoko Itani Takei
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kensuke Senzaki
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ochi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ochi
- Department of Intractable Disease and Aging Science, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ohyagi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibata
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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7
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Shmara A, Gibbs L, Mahoney RP, Hurth K, Goodwill VS, Cuber A, Im R, Pizzo DP, Brown J, Laukaitis C, Mahajan S, Kimonis V. Prevalence of Frontotemporal Dementia in Females of 5 Hispanic Families With R159H VCP Multisystem Proteinopathy. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200037. [PMID: 36644447 PMCID: PMC9833818 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Missense variants of the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene cause a progressive, autosomal dominant disease termed VCP multisystem proteinopathy (MSP1). The disease is a constellation of clinical features including inclusion body myopathy (IBM), Paget disease of bone (PDB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), typically reported at a frequency of 90%, 42%, 30%, and 9%, respectively. The Hispanic population is currently underrepresented in previous reports of VCP myopathy. We expand our genotype-phenotype studies in 5 Hispanic families with the c.476G>A, p.R159H VCP variant. Methods We report detailed clinical findings of 11 patients in 5 Hispanic families with the c.476G > A, p.R159H VCP variant. In addition, we report frequencies of the main manifestations in 28 additional affected members of the extended family members. We also compared our findings with an existing larger cohort of patients with VCP MSP1. Results FTD was the most prevalent feature reported, particularly frequent in females. PDB was only seen in 1 patient in contrast to the earlier reported cohorts. The overall frequency of the different manifestations: myopathy, PDB, FTD, and ALS in these 5 families was 39%, 3%, 72%, and 8%, respectively. The atypical phenotype and later onset of manifestations in these families resulted in a noticeable delay in the diagnosis of VCP disease. Discussion Studying each VCP variant in the context of ethnic backgrounds is pivotal in increasing awareness of the variability of VCP-related diseases across different ethnicities, enabling early diagnosis, and understanding the mechanism for these genotype-phenotype variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Shmara
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Liliane Gibbs
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryan Patrick Mahoney
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kyle Hurth
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vanessa S Goodwill
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alicia Cuber
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Regina Im
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Donald P Pizzo
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jerry Brown
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christina Laukaitis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shalini Mahajan
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (A.S., R.P.M., A.C., R.I., V.K.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Pediatric Radiology (L.G.), Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine; Department of Pathology (K.H.), LAC + USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (V.S.G., D.P.P.), University of California, San Diego; Cure VCP Disease (J.B.), previously at Diagnostic Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Genetics (C.L.), Carle Clinic and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana; and Department of Neurology (S.M.), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Zhang A, Xu H, Huang J, Gong H, Guo S, Lei X, He D. Coexisting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and chorea: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32452. [PMID: 36596053 PMCID: PMC9803431 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) coexisting with chorea is very rare. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 48-year-old man with ALS and chorea; the diagnostic certainty was high based on clinical examination results. Combining the data from literature, we analyzed the characteristics of patients with ALS and chorea. We found that ALS coexisting with chorea is very rare, but is often hereditary with a genetic mutation. Most patients with ALS and chorea are caused by abnormal amplification of a CAG sequence in the HTT gene, and these patients have a mild course of disease. The FUS, VCP, and SETX genes also have low mutation frequencies in patients with ALS and chorea. CONCLUSION The abnormal amplification of a CAG sequence in the HTT gene in ALS with chorea has an obvious familial genetic tendency, and most patients have a mild disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongbei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Huilan Gong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Shipeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Dian He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dian He, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28, Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China (e-mail: )
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9
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Jiao F, Zhou B, Meng L. The regulatory mechanism and therapeutic potential of transcription factor EB in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:37-59. [PMID: 36184826 PMCID: PMC9804079 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) is involved in the degradation of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a major regulator of ALP, has emerged as a leading factor in addressing neurodegenerative disease pathology, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), PolyQ diseases, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we delineate the regulation of TFEB expression and its functions in ALP. Dysfunctions of TFEB and its role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases are reviewed. We summarize the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of some TFEB-targeted agonists in neurodegenerative diseases. We also offer our perspective on analyzing the pros and cons of these agonists in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of drug development. More studies on the regulatory mechanisms of TFEB in other biological processes will aid our understanding of the application of TFEB-targeted therapy in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Jiao
- School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Bojie Zhou
- School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Lingyan Meng
- School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
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10
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Fels JA, Dash J, Leslie K, Manfredi G, Kawamata H. Effects of
PB‐TURSO
on the transcriptional and metabolic landscape of sporadic
ALS
fibroblasts. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1551-1564. [PMID: 36083004 PMCID: PMC9539390 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Interpretation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A. Fels
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1300 York Ave New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Jalia Dash
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Kent Leslie
- Amylyx Pharmaceuticals 43 Thorndike Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02141 USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
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11
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Lambert-Smith IA, Saunders DN, Yerbury JJ. Progress in biophysics and molecular biology proteostasis impairment and ALS. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 174:3-27. [PMID: 35716729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that results from the loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. It is the most common motor neuron disease and currently has no effective treatment. There is mounting evidence to suggest that disturbances in proteostasis play a significant role in ALS pathogenesis. Proteostasis is the maintenance of the proteome at the right level, conformation and location to allow a cell to perform its intended function. In this review, we present a thorough synthesis of the literature that provides evidence that genetic mutations associated with ALS cause imbalance to a proteome that is vulnerable to such pressure due to its metastable nature. We propose that the mechanism underlying motor neuron death caused by defects in mRNA metabolism and protein degradation pathways converges on proteostasis dysfunction. We propose that the proteostasis network may provide an effective target for therapeutic development in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A Lambert-Smith
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren N Saunders
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Zhao C, Liao Y, Rahaman A, Kumar V. Towards Understanding the Relationship Between ER Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:892518. [PMID: 35783140 PMCID: PMC9248913 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.892518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological stress due to the aberrant buildup of misfolded/unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is considered a key reason behind many human neurodegenerative diseases. Cells adapted to ER stress through the activation of an integrated signal transduction pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of the motor system. It has largely been known that ER stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS through the dysregulation of proteostasis. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that ER stress and UPR are important players in TDP-43 pathology. In this mini-review, the complex interplay between ER stress and the UPR in ALS and TDP-43 pathology will be explored by taking into account the studies from in vitro and in vivo models of ALS. We also discuss therapeutic strategies to control levels of ER stress and UPR signaling components that have contrasting effects on ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Zhao
- School of Engineering, College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liao
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Liao Vijay Kumar
| | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences (AINN), Amity University, Noida, India
- *Correspondence: Yong Liao Vijay Kumar
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13
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Pfeffer G, Lee G, Pontifex CS, Fanganiello RD, Peck A, Weihl CC, Kimonis V. Multisystem Proteinopathy Due to VCP Mutations: A Review of Clinical Heterogeneity and Genetic Diagnosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060963. [PMID: 35741724 PMCID: PMC9222868 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we review clinical features and genetic diagnosis of diseases caused by mutations in the gene encoding valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), the functionally diverse AAA-ATPase. VCP is crucial to a multitude of cellular functions including protein quality control, stress granule formation and clearance, and genomic integrity functions, among others. Pathogenic mutations in VCP cause multisystem proteinopathy (VCP-MSP), an autosomal dominant, adult-onset disorder causing dysfunction in several tissue types. It can result in complex neurodegenerative conditions including inclusion body myopathy, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or combinations of these. There is also an association with other neurodegenerative phenotypes such as Alzheimer-type dementia and Parkinsonism. Non-neurological presentations include Paget disease of bone and may also include cardiac dysfunction. We provide a detailed discussion of genotype-phenotype correlations, recommendations for genetic diagnosis, and genetic counselling implications of VCP-MSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Child Health Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Grace Lee
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (G.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Carly S. Pontifex
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Roberto D. Fanganiello
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Allison Peck
- Cure VCP Disease, Inc., Americus, GA 31709, USA;
| | - Conrad C. Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (G.L.); (V.K.)
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14
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Konopka A, Atkin JD. DNA Damage, Defective DNA Repair, and Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:786420. [PMID: 35572138 PMCID: PMC9093740 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.786420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is under constant attack from both endogenous and exogenous sources, and when damaged, specific cellular signalling pathways respond, collectively termed the “DNA damage response.” Efficient DNA repair processes are essential for cellular viability, although they decline significantly during aging. Not surprisingly, DNA damage and defective DNA repair are now increasingly implicated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS affects both upper and lower motor neurons in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord, leading to muscle wasting due to denervation. DNA damage is increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of ALS, and interestingly, the number of DNA damage or repair proteins linked to ALS is steadily growing. This includes TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a DNA/RNA binding protein that is present in a pathological form in almost all (97%) cases of ALS. Hence TDP-43 pathology is central to neurodegeneration in this condition. Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) bears structural and functional similarities to TDP-43 and it also functions in DNA repair. Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) is also fundamental to ALS because mutations in C9orf72 are the most frequent genetic cause of both ALS and related condition frontotemporal dementia, in European and North American populations. Genetic variants encoding other proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) have also been described in ALS, including FUS, SOD1, SETX, VCP, CCNF, and NEK1. Here we review recent evidence highlighting DNA damage and defective DNA repair as an important mechanism linked to neurodegeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konopka
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie Medical School, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Anna Konopka,
| | - Julie D. Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie Medical School, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Julie D. Atkin,
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15
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Todd TW, Petrucelli L. Modelling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in rodents. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:231-251. [PMID: 35260846 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficient study of human disease requires the proper tools, one of the most crucial of which is an accurate animal model that faithfully recapitulates the human condition. The study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is no exception. Although the majority of ALS cases are considered sporadic, most animal models of this disease rely on genetic mutations identified in familial cases. Over the past decade, the number of genes associated with ALS has risen dramatically and, with each new genetic variant, there is a drive to develop associated animal models. Rodent models are of particular importance as they allow for the study of ALS in the context of a living mammal with a comparable CNS. Such models not only help to verify the pathogenicity of novel mutations but also provide critical insight into disease mechanisms and are crucial for the testing of new therapeutics. In this Review, we aim to summarize the full spectrum of ALS rodent models developed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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16
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Ferrari V, Cristofani R, Tedesco B, Crippa V, Chierichetti M, Casarotto E, Cozzi M, Mina F, Piccolella M, Galbiati M, Rusmini P, Poletti A. Valosin Containing Protein (VCP): A Multistep Regulator of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041939. [PMID: 35216053 PMCID: PMC8878954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin containing protein (VCP) has emerged as a central protein in the regulation of the protein quality control (PQC) system. VCP mutations are causative of multisystem proteinopathies, which include neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and share various signs of altered proteostasis, mainly associated with autophagy malfunctioning. Autophagy is a complex multistep degradative system essential for the maintenance of cell viability, especially in post-mitotic cells as neurons and differentiated skeletal muscle cells. Interestingly, many studies concerning NDs have focused on autophagy impairment as a pathological mechanism or autophagy activity boosting to rescue the pathological phenotype. The role of VCP in autophagy has been widely debated, but recent findings have defined new mechanisms associated with VCP activity in the regulation of autophagy, showing that VCP is involved in different steps of this pathway. Here we will discuss the multiple activity of VCP in the autophagic pathway underlying its leading role either in physiological or pathological conditions. A better understanding of VCP complexes and mechanisms in regulating autophagy could define the altered mechanisms by which VCP directly or indirectly causes or modulates different human diseases and revealing possible new therapeutic approaches for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesco Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Feng SY, Lin H, Che CH, Huang HP, Liu CY, Zou ZY. Phenotype of VCP Mutations in Chinese Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Front Neurol 2022; 13:790082. [PMID: 35197922 PMCID: PMC8858817 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.790082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the Caucasian populations. However, the phenotype of VCP mutations in Chinese patients with (ALS) remains unclear. Targeted next-generation sequencing covered 28 ALS-related genes including the VCP gene was undertaken to screen in a Chinese cohort of 275 sporadic ALS cases and 15 familial ALS pedigrees. An extensive literature review was performed to identify all patients with ALS carrying VCP mutations previously reported. The clinical characteristics and genetic features of ALS patients with VCP mutations were reviewed. One known p.R155C mutation in the VCP gene was detected in two siblings from a familial ALS pedigree and two sporadic individuals. In addition, the same VCP p.R155C mutation was detected in an additional patient with ALS referred in 2021. Three patients with VCP p.R155C mutation presented with muscular weakness starting from proximal extremities to distal extremities. The other patient developed a phenotype of Paget's disease of bone in addition to the progressive muscular atrophy. We reported the first VCP mutation carrier manifesting ALS with Paget's disease of bone in the Chinese population. Our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of the VCP mutations in Chinese patients with ALS and suggest that ALS patients with VCP p.R155C mutations tend to present with relatively young onset, symmetrical involvement of proximal muscles weakness of arms or legs, and then progressed to distal muscles of limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Feng
- Department of Neurophysiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hui Che
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua-Pin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Yu Zou
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhang-Yu Zou
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18
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Conserved L464 in p97 D1-D2 linker is critical for p97 cofactor regulated ATPase activity. Biochem J 2021; 478:3185-3204. [PMID: 34405853 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
p97 protein is a highly conserved, abundant, functionally diverse, structurally dynamic homohexameric AAA enzyme-containing N, D1, and D2 domains. A truncated p97 protein containing the N and D1 domains and the D1-D2 linker (ND1L) exhibits 79% of wild-type (WT) ATPase activity whereas the ND1 domain alone without the linker only has 2% of WT activity. To investigate the relationship between the D1-D2 linker and the D1 domain, we produced p97 ND1L mutants and demonstrated that this 22-residue linker region is essential for D1 ATPase activity. The conserved amino acid leucine 464 (L464) is critical for regulating D1 and D2 ATPase activity by p97 cofactors p37, p47, and Npl4-Ufd1 (NU). Changing leucine to alanine, proline, or glutamate increased the maximum rate of ATP turnover (kcat) of p47-regulated ATPase activities for these mutants, but not for WT. p37 and p47 increased the kcat of the proline substituted linker, suggesting that they induced linker conformations facilitating ATP hydrolysis. NU inhibited D1 ATPase activities of WT and mutant ND1L proteins, but activated D2 ATPase activity of full-length p97. To further understand the mutant mechanism, we used single-particle cryo-EM to visualize the full-length p97L464P and revealed the conformational change of the D1-D2 linker, resulting in a movement of the helix-turn-helix motif (543-569). Taken together with the biochemical and structural results we conclude that the linker helps maintain D1 in a competent conformation and relays the communication to/from the N-domain to the D1 and D2 ATPase domains, which are ∼50 Å away.
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19
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Kok JR, Palminha NM, Dos Santos Souza C, El-Khamisy SF, Ferraiuolo L. DNA damage as a mechanism of neurodegeneration in ALS and a contributor to astrocyte toxicity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5707-5729. [PMID: 34173837 PMCID: PMC8316199 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the involvement of DNA damage in several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Elevated levels of DNA damage are consistently observed in both sporadic and familial forms of ALS and may also play a role in Western Pacific ALS, which is thought to have an environmental cause. The cause of DNA damage in ALS remains unclear but likely differs between genetic subgroups. Repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene is the most common genetic cause of familial ALS and responsible for about 10% of sporadic cases. These genetic mutations are known to cause R-loops, thus increasing genomic instability and DNA damage, and generate dipeptide repeat proteins, which have been shown to lead to DNA damage and impairment of the DNA damage response. Similarly, several genes associated with ALS including TARDBP, FUS, NEK1, SQSTM1 and SETX are known to play a role in DNA repair and the DNA damage response, and thus may contribute to neuronal death via these pathways. Another consistent feature present in both sporadic and familial ALS is the ability of astrocytes to induce motor neuron death, although the factors causing this toxicity remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarise the evidence for DNA damage playing a causative or secondary role in the pathogenesis of ALS as well as discuss the possible mechanisms involved in different genetic subtypes with particular focus on the role of astrocytes initiating or perpetuating DNA damage in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannigje Rachel Kok
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Sheffield, UK
| | - Nelma M Palminha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Sheffield, UK
- The Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Sheffield, UK
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Sheffield, UK.
- The Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, West Yorkshire, UK.
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Sheffield, UK.
- The Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Root J, Merino P, Nuckols A, Johnson M, Kukar T. Lysosome dysfunction as a cause of neurodegenerative diseases: Lessons from frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105360. [PMID: 33812000 PMCID: PMC8113138 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are thought to exist on a clinical and pathological spectrum. FTD and ALS are linked by shared genetic causes (e.g. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions) and neuropathology, such as inclusions of ubiquitinated, misfolded proteins (e.g. TAR DNA-binding protein 43; TDP-43) in the CNS. Furthermore, some genes that cause FTD or ALS when mutated encode proteins that localize to the lysosome or modulate endosome-lysosome function, including lysosomal fusion, cargo trafficking, lysosomal acidification, autophagy, or TFEB activity. In this review, we summarize evidence that lysosomal dysfunction, caused by genetic mutations (e.g. C9orf72, GRN, MAPT, TMEM106B) or toxic-gain of function (e.g. aggregation of TDP-43 or tau), is an important pathogenic disease mechanism in FTD and ALS. Further studies into the normal function of many of these proteins are required and will help uncover the mechanisms that cause lysosomal dysfunction in FTD and ALS. Mutations or polymorphisms in genes that encode proteins important for endosome-lysosome function also occur in other age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's (e.g. APOE, PSEN1, APP) and Parkinson's (e.g. GBA, LRRK2, ATP13A2) disease. A more complete understanding of the common and unique features of lysosome dysfunction across the spectrum of neurodegeneration will help guide the development of therapies for these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Root
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Paola Merino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Austin Nuckols
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Michelle Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia.
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21
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The role of DNA damage response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:847-861. [PMID: 33078197 PMCID: PMC7588667 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly disabling and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Due to insufficient disease-modifying treatments, there is an unmet and urgent need for elucidating disease mechanisms that occur early and represent common triggers in both familial and sporadic ALS. Emerging evidence suggests that impaired DNA damage response contributes to age-related somatic accumulation of genomic instability and can trigger or accelerate ALS pathological manifestations. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies indicating a direct link between DNA damage response and ALS. Further mechanistic understanding of the role genomic instability is playing in ALS disease pathophysiology will be critical for discovering new therapeutic avenues.
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22
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It's not just a phase; ubiquitination in cytosolic protein quality control. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:365-377. [PMID: 33634825 PMCID: PMC7924994 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded proteins is associated with numerous degenerative conditions, cancers and genetic diseases. These pathological imbalances in protein homeostasis (termed proteostasis), result from the improper triage and disposal of damaged and defective proteins from the cell. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a key pathway for the molecular control of misfolded cytosolic proteins, co-opting a cascade of ubiquitin ligases to direct terminally damaged proteins to the proteasome via modification with chains of the small protein, ubiquitin. Despite the evidence for ubiquitination in this critical pathway, the precise complement of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases that modulate this process remains under investigation. Whilst chaperones act as the first line of defence against protein misfolding, the ubiquitination machinery has a pivotal role in targeting terminally defunct cytosolic proteins for destruction. Recent work points to a complex assemblage of chaperones, ubiquitination machinery and subcellular quarantine as components of the cellular arsenal against proteinopathies. In this review, we examine the contribution of these pathways and cellular compartments to the maintenance of the cytosolic proteome. Here we will particularly focus on the ubiquitin code and the critical enzymes which regulate misfolded proteins in the cytosol, the molecular point of origin for many neurodegenerative and genetic diseases.
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23
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Matsubara T, Izumi Y, Oda M, Takahashi M, Maruyama H, Miyamoto R, Watanabe C, Tachiyama Y, Morino H, Kawakami H, Saito Y, Murayama S. An autopsy report of a familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis case carrying VCP Arg487His mutation with a unique TDP-43 proteinopathy. Neuropathology 2021; 41:118-126. [PMID: 33415820 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We here report an autopsy case of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with p.Arg487His mutation in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene (VCP), in which upper motor neurons (UMNs) were predominantly involved. Moreover, our patient developed symptoms of frontotemporal dementia later in life and pathologically exhibited numerous phosphorylated transactivation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (p-TDP-43)-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions and short dystrophic neurites with a few lentiform neuronal intranuclear inclusions, sharing the features of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology type A pattern. A review of previous reports of ALS with VCP mutations suggests that our case is unique in terms of its UMN-predominant lesion pattern and distribution of p-TDP-43 pathology. Thus, this case report effectively expands the clinical and pathological phenotype of ALS in patients with a VCP mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Mifukai Vihara Hananosato Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (The Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Mifukai Vihara Hananosato Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaya Oda
- Department of Neurology, Mifukai Vihara Hananosato Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chigusa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Tachiyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideshi Kawakami
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (The Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (The Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development (Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Nakamura T, Kawarabayashi T, Koh K, Takiyama Y, Ikeda Y, Shoji M. Spastic Paraplegia with Paget's Disease of Bone due to a VCP Gene Mutation. Intern Med 2021; 60:141-144. [PMID: 32893227 PMCID: PMC7835475 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4617-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by slowly progressing spastic paraparesis. We herein report a 50-year-old Japanese woman who presented with slowly progressing spastic paraplegia and a history of Paget's disease of bone (PDB). Genetic testing revealed a mutation of the Valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene (p.Arg155Cys; c.436C>T). This mutation has not been reported to cause HSP with PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Dementia Center, Geriatrics Research Institute Hospital, Japan
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25
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Overhoff M, De Bruyckere E, Kononenko NL. Mechanisms of neuronal survival safeguarded by endocytosis and autophagy. J Neurochem 2020; 157:263-296. [PMID: 32964462 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple aspects of neuronal physiology crucially depend on two cellular pathways, autophagy and endocytosis. During endocytosis, extracellular components either unbound or recognized by membrane-localized receptors (termed "cargo") become internalized into plasma membrane-derived vesicles. These can serve to either recycle the material back to the plasma membrane or send it for degradation to lysosomes. Autophagy also uses lysosomes as a terminal degradation point, although instead of degrading the plasma membrane-derived cargo, autophagy eliminates detrimental cytosolic material and intracellular organelles, which are transported to lysosomes by means of double-membrane vesicles, referred to as autophagosomes. Neurons, like all non-neuronal cells, capitalize on autophagy and endocytosis to communicate with the environment and maintain protein and organelle homeostasis. Additionally, the highly polarized, post-mitotic nature of neurons made them adopt these two pathways for cell-specific functions. These include the maintenance of the synaptic vesicle pool in the pre-synaptic terminal and the long-distance transport of signaling molecules. Originally discovered independently from each other, it is now clear that autophagy and endocytosis are closely interconnected and share several common participating molecules. Considering the crucial role of autophagy and endocytosis in cell type-specific functions in neurons, it is not surprising that defects in both pathways have been linked to the pathology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight the recent knowledge of the role of endocytosis and autophagy in neurons with a special focus on synaptic physiology and discuss how impairments in genes coding for autophagy and endocytosis proteins can cause neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Overhoff
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elodie De Bruyckere
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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26
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Häkkinen S, Chu SA, Lee SE. Neuroimaging in genetic frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105063. [PMID: 32890771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have a strong clinical, genetic and pathological overlap. This review focuses on the current understanding of structural, functional and molecular neuroimaging signatures of genetic FTD and ALS. We overview quantitative neuroimaging studies on the most common genes associated with FTD (MAPT, GRN), ALS (SOD1), and both (C9orf72), and summarize visual observations of images reported in the rarer genes (CHMP2B, TARDBP, FUS, OPTN, VCP, UBQLN2, SQSTM1, TREM2, CHCHD10, TBK1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Häkkinen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Chu
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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27
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Ranganathan R, Haque S, Coley K, Shepheard S, Cooper-Knock J, Kirby J. Multifaceted Genes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:684. [PMID: 32733193 PMCID: PMC7358438 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia are two progressive, adult onset neurodegenerative diseases, caused by the cell death of motor neurons in the motor cortex and spinal cord and cortical neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes, respectively. Whilst these have previously appeared to be quite distinct disorders, in terms of areas affected and clinical symptoms, identification of cognitive dysfunction as a component of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with some patients presenting with both ALS and FTD, overlapping features of neuropathology and the ongoing discoveries that a significant proportion of the genes underlying the familial forms of the disease are the same, has led to ALS and FTD being described as a disease spectrum. Many of these genes encode proteins in common biological pathways including RNA processing, autophagy, ubiquitin proteasome system, unfolded protein response and intracellular trafficking. This article provides an overview of the ALS-FTD genes before summarizing other known ALS and FTD causing genes where mutations have been found primarily in patients of one disease and rarely in the other. In discussing these genes, the review highlights the similarity of biological pathways in which the encoded proteins function and the interactions that occur between these proteins, whilst recognizing the distinctions of MAPT-related FTD and SOD1-related ALS. However, mutations in all of these genes result in similar pathology including protein aggregation and neuroinflammation, highlighting that multiple different mechanisms lead to common downstream effects and neuronal loss. Next generation sequencing has had a significant impact on the identification of genes associated with both diseases, and has also highlighted the widening clinical phenotypes associated with variants in these ALS and FTD genes. It is hoped that the large sequencing initiatives currently underway in ALS and FTD will begin to uncover why different diseases are associated with mutations within a single gene, especially as a personalized medicine approach to therapy, based on a patient's genetics, approaches the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ranganathan
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shaila Haque
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Barishal, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Kayesha Coley
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Shepheard
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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28
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Martin PB, Hicks AN, Holbrook SE, Cox GA. Overlapping spectrums: The clinicogenetic commonalities between Charcot-Marie-Tooth and other neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146532. [PMID: 31678418 PMCID: PMC6939129 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a progressive and heterogeneous inherited peripheral neuropathy. A myriad of genetic factors have been identified that contribute to the degeneration of motor and sensory axons in a length-dependent manner. Emerging biological themes underlying disease include defects in axonal trafficking, dysfunction in RNA metabolism and protein homeostasis, as well deficits in the cellular stress response. Moreover, genetic contributions to CMT can have overlap with other neuropathies, motor neuron diseases (MNDs) and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent progress in understanding the molecular biology of CMT and overlapping syndromes aids in the search for necessary therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige B Martin
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Amy N Hicks
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Sarah E Holbrook
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Gregory A Cox
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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29
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Alessenko A, Gutner U, Nebogatikov V, Shupik M, Ustyugov A. The role of lipids in the pathogenesis of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:108-117. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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De Ridder W, Azmi A, Clemen CS, Eichinger L, Hofmann A, Schröder R, Johnson K, Töpf A, Straub V, De Jonghe P, Maudsley S, De Bleecker JL, Baets J. Multisystem proteinopathy due to a homozygous p.Arg159His VCP mutation: A tale of the unexpected. Neurology 2019; 94:e785-e796. [PMID: 31848255 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical, radiologic, myopathologic, and proteomic findings in a patient manifesting a multisystem proteinopathy due to a homozygous valosin-containing protein gene (VCP) mutation previously reported to be pathogenic in the heterozygous state. METHODS We studied a 36-year-old male index patient and his father, both presenting with progressive limb-girdle weakness. Muscle involvement was assessed by MRI and muscle biopsies. We performed whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing for segregation analysis of the identified p.Arg159His VCP mutation. To dissect biological disease signatures, we applied state-of-the-art quantitative proteomics on muscle tissue of the index case, his father, 3 additional patients with VCP-related myopathy, and 3 control individuals. RESULTS The index patient, homozygous for the known p.Arg159His mutation in VCP, manifested a typical VCP-related myopathy phenotype, although with a markedly high creatine kinase value and a relatively early disease onset, and Paget disease of bone. The father exhibited a myopathy phenotype and discrete parkinsonism, and multiple deceased family members on the maternal side of the pedigree displayed a dementia, parkinsonism, or myopathy phenotype. Bioinformatic analysis of quantitative proteomic data revealed the degenerative nature of the disease, with evidence suggesting selective failure of muscle regeneration and stress granule dyshomeostasis. CONCLUSION We report a patient showing a multisystem proteinopathy due to a homozygous VCP mutation. The patient manifests a severe phenotype, yet fundamental disease characteristics are preserved. Proteomic findings provide further insights into VCP-related pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem De Ridder
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Abdelkrim Azmi
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Rolf Schröder
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Katherine Johnson
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Ana Töpf
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Volker Straub
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Jan L De Bleecker
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- From the Neurogenetics Group (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Institute Born-Bunge, Neuromics Support Facility (A.A.), VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, and Receptor Biology Lab (S.M.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (W.D.R., P.D.J., J.B.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Institute of Neuropathology (C.S.C., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen; Centre for Biochemistry (C.S.C., L.E.), Institute of Biochemistry I, and Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.S.C.), Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (A.H), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences (A.H.), Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (K.J., A.T., V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK; and Laboratory for Neuropathology (J.L.D.B.), Division of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
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31
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Deng J, Wu W, Xie Z, Gang Q, Yu M, Liu J, Wang Q, Lv H, Zhang W, Huang Y, Wang T, Yuan Y, Hong D, Wang Z. Novel and Recurrent Mutations in a Cohort of Chinese Patients With Young-Onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1289. [PMID: 31866807 PMCID: PMC6908997 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. More than 25 ALS-related genes have been identified, accounting for approximately 10% of sporadic ALS (SALS) and two-thirds of familial ALS (FALS) cases. Several recent studies showed that genetic factors might have a larger contribution to young-onset ALS than to ALS cases overall. However, the genetic profile of young-onset ALS patients is not yet fully understood. Here, we investigated a cohort of 27 young-onset ALS patients (onset age < 45 years) through whole-exome sequencing (WES). Genetic analysis identified pathogenic variants of FUS (25.9%), SOD1 (22.2%), TARDBP (3.7%), and VCP (3.7%) in 27 young-onset ALS patients. Of 12 identified types of mutations, c.1528A > C in FUS and c.266G > A in VCP were novel. All of the cases in this study reflect a monogenic origin with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Notably, a novel de novo missense mutation, c.1528A > C (p.K510Q), in FUS was identified in a 29-year-old ALS patient. Expression of the K510Q mutant FUS resulted in cytoplasmic mislocalization of FUS in cultured cells and induced neural toxicity in a fly model. This study provides further evidence of the genetic profile of young-onset ALS patients from China and expands the mutational spectrum of the FUS gene, with one new K510Q mutation identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Xie
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - He Lv
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gutner UA, Shupik MA, Maloshitskaya OA, Sokolov SA, Rezvykh AP, Funikov SY, Lebedev AT, Ustyugov AA, Alessenko AV. Changes in the Metabolism of Sphingoid Bases in the Brain and Spinal Cord of Transgenic FUS(1-359) Mice, a Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1166-1176. [PMID: 31694512 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the content of sphingoid bases - sphingosine (SPH), sphinganine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPH-1-P) - and in expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in their metabolism in the brain structures (hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum) and spinal cord of transgenic FUS(1-359) mice. FUS(1-359) mice are characterized by motor impairments and can be used as a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Lipids from the mouse brain structures and spinal cord after 2, 3, and 4 months of disease development were analyzed by chromatography/mass spectrometry, while changes in the expression of the SPHK1, SPHK2, SGPP2, SGPL1, ASAH1, and ASAH2 genes were assayed using RNA sequencing. The levels of SPH and sphinganine (i.e., sphingoid bases with pronounced pro-apoptotic properties) were dramatically increased in the spinal cord at the terminal stage of the disease. The ratio of the anti-apoptotic SPH-1-P to SPH and sphinganine sharply reduced, indicating massive apoptosis of spinal cord cells. Significant changes in the content of SPH and SPH-1-P and in the expression of genes related to their metabolism were found at the terminal ALS stage in the spinal cord. Expression of the SGPL gene (SPH-1-P lyase) was strongly activated, while expression of the SGPP2 (SPH-1-P phosphatase) gene was reduced. Elucidation of mechanisms for the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism in ALS will help to identify molecular targets for the new-generation drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- U A Gutner
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M A Shupik
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - O A Maloshitskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119999, Russia
| | - S A Sokolov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119999, Russia
| | - A P Rezvykh
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - S Yu Funikov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A T Lebedev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119999, Russia
| | - A A Ustyugov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - A V Alessenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Martín-Doncel E, Rojas AM, Cantarero L, Lazo PA. VRK1 functional insufficiency due to alterations in protein stability or kinase activity of human VRK1 pathogenic variants implicated in neuromotor syndromes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13381. [PMID: 31527692 PMCID: PMC6746721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Very rare polymorphisms in the human VRK1 (vaccinia-related kinase 1) gene have been identified in complex neuromotor phenotypes associated to spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), microcephaly, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and distal motor neuron dysfunctions. The mechanisms by which these VRK1 variant proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of these neurological syndromes are unknown. The syndromes are manifested when both of these rare VRK1 polymorphic alleles are implicated, either in homozygosis or compound heterozygosis. In this report, to identify the common underlying pathogenic mechanism of VRK1 polymorphisms, we have studied all human VRK1 variants identified in these neurological phenotypes from a biochemical point of view by molecular modeling, protein stability and kinase activity assays. Molecular modelling predicted that VRK1 variant proteins are either unstable or have an altered kinase activity. The stability and kinase activity of VRK1 pathogenic variants detected two groups. One composed by variants with a reduced protein stability: R133C, R358X, L195V, G135R and R321C. The other group includes VRK1variants with a reduced kinase activity tested on several substrates: histones H3 and H2AX, p53, c-Jun, coilin and 53BP1, a DNA repair protein. VRK1 variants with reduced kinase activity are H119R, R133C, G135R, V236M, R321C and R358X. The common underlying effect of VRK1 pathogenic variants with reduced protein stability or kinase activity is a functional insufficiency of VRK1 in patients with neuromotor developmental syndromes. The G135 variant cause a defective formation of 53BP1 foci in response to DNA damage, and loss Cajal bodies assembled on coilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martín-Doncel
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana M Rojas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lara Cantarero
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratorio de Neurogenética y Medicina Molecular, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro A Lazo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Liu K, Jones S, Minis A, Rodriguez J, Molina H, Steller H. PI31 Is an Adaptor Protein for Proteasome Transport in Axons and Required for Synaptic Development. Dev Cell 2019; 50:509-524.e10. [PMID: 31327739 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical for neuronal function. Neurons utilize microtubule-dependent molecular motors to allocate proteasomes to synapses, but how proteasomes are coupled to motors and how this is regulated to meet changing demand for protein breakdown remain largely unknown. We show that the conserved proteasome-binding protein PI31 serves as an adaptor to couple proteasomes with dynein light chain proteins (DYNLL1/2). The inactivation of PI31 inhibited proteasome motility in axons and disrupted synaptic proteostasis, structure, and function. Moreover, phosphorylation of PI31 by p38 MAPK enhanced binding to DYNLL1/2 and promoted the directional movement of proteasomes in axons, suggesting a mechanism to regulate loading of proteasomes onto motors. Inactivation of PI31 in mouse neurons attenuated proteasome movement in axons, indicating this process is conserved. Because mutations affecting PI31 activity are associated with human neurodegenerative diseases, impairment of PI31-mediated axonal transport of proteasomes may contribute to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sandra Jones
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adi Minis
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jose Rodriguez
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hermann Steller
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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35
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Rycenga HB, Wolfe KB, Yeh ES, Long DT. Uncoupling of p97 ATPase activity has a dominant negative effect on protein extraction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10329. [PMID: 31316150 PMCID: PMC6637110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p97 is a highly abundant, homohexameric AAA+ ATPase that performs a variety of essential cellular functions. Characterized as a ubiquitin-selective chaperone, p97 recognizes proteins conjugated to K48-linked polyubiquitin chains and promotes their removal from chromatin and other molecular complexes. Changes in p97 expression or activity are associated with the development of cancer and several related neurodegenerative disorders. Although pathogenic p97 mutations cluster in and around p97’s ATPase domains, mutant proteins display normal or elevated ATPase activity. Here, we show that one of the most common p97 mutations (R155C) retains ATPase activity, but is functionally defective. p97-R155C can be recruited to ubiquitinated substrates on chromatin, but is unable to promote substrate removal. As a result, p97-R155C acts as a dominant negative, blocking protein extraction by a similar mechanism to that observed when p97’s ATPase activity is inhibited or inactivated. However, unlike ATPase-deficient proteins, p97-R155C consumes excess ATP, which can hinder high-energy processes. Together, our results shed new insight into how pathogenic mutations in p97 alter its cellular function, with implications for understanding the etiology and treatment of p97-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley B Rycenga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kelly B Wolfe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - David T Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Parker SE, Hanton AM, Stefanou SN, Noakes PG, Woodruff TM, Lee JD. Revisiting the role of the innate immune complement system in ALS. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:223-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Walters R, Manion J, Neely GG. Dissecting Motor Neuron Disease With Drosophila melanogaster. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:331. [PMID: 31031583 PMCID: PMC6473072 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor Neuron Disease (MND) typically affects patients during the later stages of life, and thus, MND is having an increasingly devastating impact on diagnosed individuals, their families and society. The umbrella term MND refers to diseases which cause the progressive loss of upper and/or lower motor neurons and a subsequent decrease in motor ability such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The study of these diseases is complex and has recently involved the use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, in the case of MND, it has been difficult to identify the complex genetics involved in subtypes, and functional investigation of new candidate disease genes is warranted. Drosophila is a powerful model for addressing these complex diseases. The UAS/Gal4/Gal80 system allows for the upregulation of Drosophila genes, the “knockdown” of genes and the ectopic expression of human genes or mutations in a tissue-specific manner; often resulting in Drosophila models which exhibit typical MND disease pathologies. These can then be further interrogated to identify disease-modifying genes or mutations and disease pathways. This review will discuss two common MNDs and the current Drosophila models which are being used to research their genetic basis and the different pathologies of MND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Walters
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Manion
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Prasad A, Bharathi V, Sivalingam V, Girdhar A, Patel BK. Molecular Mechanisms of TDP-43 Misfolding and Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:25. [PMID: 30837838 PMCID: PMC6382748 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a versatile RNA/DNA binding protein involved in RNA-related metabolism. Hyper-phosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43 deposits act as inclusion bodies in the brain and spinal cord of patients with the motor neuron diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). While the majority of ALS cases (90-95%) are sporadic (sALS), among familial ALS cases 5-10% involve the inheritance of mutations in the TARDBP gene and the remaining (90-95%) are due to mutations in other genes such as: C9ORF72, SOD1, FUS, and NEK1 etc. Strikingly however, the majority of sporadic ALS patients (up to 97%) also contain the TDP-43 protein deposited in the neuronal inclusions, which suggests of its pivotal role in the ALS pathology. Thus, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of the TDP-43 pathology seems central to the ALS therapeutics, hence, we comprehensively review the current understanding of the TDP-43's pathology in ALS. We discuss the roles of TDP-43's mutations, its cytoplasmic mis-localization and aberrant post-translational modifications in ALS. Also, we evaluate TDP-43's amyloid-like in vitro aggregation, its physiological vs. pathological oligomerization in vivo, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and potential prion-like propagation propensity of the TDP-43 inclusions. Finally, we describe the various evolving TDP-43-induced toxicity mechanisms, such as the impairment of endocytosis and mitotoxicity etc. and also discuss the emerging strategies toward TDP-43 disaggregation and ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Basant K. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
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Ferrari R, Manzoni C, Hardy J. Genetics and molecular mechanisms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration: an update and future avenues. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 78:98-110. [PMID: 30925302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. The study and the dissection of FTLD is complex due to its clinical, pathological, and genetic heterogeneity. In this review, we survey the state-of-the-art genetics of familial FTLD and recapitulate our current understanding of the genetic architecture of sporadic FTLD by summarizing results of genome-wide association studies performed in FTLD to date. We then discuss the challenges of translating these heterogeneous genetic features into the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of FTLD pathogenesis. We particularly highlight a number of susceptibility processes that appear to be conserved across familial and sporadic cases (e.g., and the cellular waste disposal pathways, and immune system signaling) and finally describe cutting-edge approaches, based on mathematical prediction tools, highlighting novel intriguing risk pathways such as DNA damage response as an emerging theme in FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Konopka A, Atkin JD. The Emerging Role of DNA Damage in the Pathogenesis of the C9orf72 Repeat Expansion in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103137. [PMID: 30322030 PMCID: PMC6213462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons, and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a behavioural disorder resulting in early-onset dementia. Hexanucleotide (G4C2) repeat expansions in the gene encoding chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) are the major cause of familial forms of both ALS (~40%) and FTD (~20%) worldwide. The C9orf72 repeat expansion is known to form abnormal nuclei acid structures, such as hairpins, G-quadruplexes, and R-loops, which are increasingly associated with human diseases involving microsatellite repeats. These configurations form during normal cellular processes, but if they persist they also damage DNA, and hence are a serious threat to genome integrity. It is unclear how the repeat expansion in C9orf72 causes ALS, but recent evidence implicates DNA damage in neurodegeneration. This may arise from abnormal nucleic acid structures, the greatly expanded C9orf72 RNA, or by repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation, which generates toxic dipeptide repeat proteins. In this review, we detail recent advances implicating DNA damage in C9orf72-ALS. Furthermore, we also discuss increasing evidence that targeting these aberrant C9orf72 confirmations may have therapeutic value for ALS, thus revealing new avenues for drug discovery for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konopka
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our goal is to review the recent literature pertaining to the genetics of sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM). RECENT FINDINGS In a study of 252 IBM patients, the class II MHC allele HLA-DRB1*03:01 showed the most significant association with IBM, and that risk could be largely attributed to amino acids within the peptide-binding pocket. Candidate gene sequencing identified rare missense variants in proteins regulating protein homeostasis including VCP and SQSTM1. An unbiased approach employing exome sequencing of genes encoding rimmed vacuole proteins identified FYCO1 variants in IBM. Ongoing GWAS approaches may shed new light on genetic risk factors for IBM. Many variants have been reported at an increased frequency in IBM in small studies; however, only HLA association has shown genome-wide significance. Future studies are needed to validate variants in larger cohorts and to understand the molecular roles these risk factors play in IBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla A Britson
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Graduate program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Y Yang
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Graduate program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas E Lloyd
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in diseases of motor and sensory neurons: a broken relationship? Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:333. [PMID: 29491369 PMCID: PMC5832431 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases revealed that multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to pathological changes in neurons. A large fraction of these alterations can be linked to dysfunction in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, affecting metabolism and secretion of lipids and proteins, calcium homeostasis, and energy production. Remarkably, these organelles are interacting with each other at specialized domains on the ER called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). These membrane structures rely on the interaction of several complexes of proteins localized either at the mitochondria or at the ER interface and serve as an exchange platform of calcium, metabolites, and lipids, which are critical for the function of both organelles. In addition, recent evidence indicates that MAMs also play a role in the control of mitochondria dynamics and autophagy. MAMs thus start to emerge as a key element connecting many changes observed in neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the role of MAMs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, two neurodegenerative diseases particularly affecting neurons with long projecting axons. We will discuss how defects in MAM signaling may impair neuronal calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, ER function, and autophagy, leading eventually to axonal degeneration. The possible impact of MAM dysfunction in glial cells, which may affect the capacity to support neurons and/or axons, will also be described. Finally, the possible role of MAMs as an interesting target for development of therapeutic interventions aiming at delaying or preventing neurodegeneration will be highlighted.
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Inoue K, Fujimura H, Toyooka K, Hirano M, Nakamura Y, Sakoda S. An autopsy case of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and dementia with p.R487H VCP gene mutation. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1434925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Inoue
- Department of Neurology, Toneyama National Hospital, Toneyama 5-1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8552, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Fujimura
- Department of Neurology, Toneyama National Hospital, Toneyama 5-1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8552, Japan
| | - Keiko Toyooka
- Department of Neurology, Toneyama National Hospital, Toneyama 5-1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8552, Japan
| | - Makito Hirano
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Sakai Hospital, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakamura
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Sakai Hospital, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saburo Sakoda
- Department of Neurology, Toneyama National Hospital, Toneyama 5-1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8552, Japan
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Vats A, Gourie-Devi M, Ahuja K, Sharma A, Wajid S, Ganguly NK, Taneja V. Expression analysis of protein homeostasis pathways in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. J Neurol Sci 2018; 387:85-91. [PMID: 29571878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded protein aggregates are the hallmark of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) which suggests involvement of protein homeostasis pathways in etiology of ALS. However, status of protein homeostasis in peripheral blood of ALS is not well established. We analyzed expression levels of key genes of proteostasis pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of sporadic ALS (sALS) patients and healthy controls. Increased protein carbonylation was observed in patients reflecting oxidative damage in PBMCs. We observed increased transcript and protein levels of GRP78 suggesting Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) insult to cells. Further, significant upregulation of spliced XBP1 and two stress sensors: IRE1α/ERN1 and ATF6 indicated induction of unfolded protein response (UPR). Genes involved in autophagosome initiation (ULK1, ULK2, ATG13); nucleation and elongation (BECLIN1, ATG7, ATG16L1, ATG5, ATG10) and vesicular trafficking genes were significantly increased in patients. Increased lipidation of LC3 validated induction of autophagy. Accumulation of low molecular weight ubiquitinated proteins in patients suggested deregulation of proteasome (UPS) pathway. In addition, cytosolic chaperones (HSP70 and HSP27) and HSF1 were elevated in patients. Increased TDP43 indicated role of TDP43 in disease pathology. Our findings suggest that there is oxidative insult and upregulation of UPR, vesicular trafficking and autophagy in PBMCs of sALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Vats
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi 110060, India; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mandaville Gourie-Devi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi 110060, India; Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi 110095, India
| | - Kavita Ahuja
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Ankkita Sharma
- Department of Neurophysiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi 110060, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Ganguly
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi 110060, India
| | - Vibha Taneja
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi 110060, India.
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45
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Shih YT, Hsueh YP. The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum formation and protein synthesis efficiency in VCP- and ATL1-related neurological disorders. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:2. [PMID: 29310658 PMCID: PMC5757295 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the biggest organelle in cells and is involved in versatile cellular processes. Formation and maintenance of ER morphology are regulated by a series of proteins controlling membrane fusion and curvature. At least six different ER morphology regulators have been demonstrated to be involved in neurological disorders-including Valosin-containing protein (VCP), Atlastin-1 (ATL1), Spastin (SPAST), Reticulon 2 (RTN2), Receptor expression enhancing protein 1 (REEP1) and RAB10-suggesting a critical role of ER formation in neuronal activity and function. Among these genes, mutations in VCP gene involve in inclusion body myopathy with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD), familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). ATL1 is also one of causative genes of HSP. RAB10 is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). A recent study showed that VCP and ATL1 work together to regulate dendritic spine formation by controlling ER formation and consequent protein synthesis efficiency. RAB10 shares the same function with VCP and ATL1 to control ER formation and protein synthesis efficiency but acts independently. Increased protein synthesis by adding extra leucine to cultured neurons ameliorated dendritic spine deficits caused by VCP and ATL1 deficiencies, strengthening the significance of protein synthesis in VCP- and ATL1-regulated dendritic spine formation. These findings provide new insight into the roles of ER and protein synthesis in controlling dendritic spine formation and suggest a potential etiology of neurodegenerative disorders caused by mutations in VCP, ATL1 and other genes encoding proteins regulating ER formation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Shih
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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46
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Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) homeostasis is dynamically modulated in response to changing physiological conditions. Tight regulation of RNA abundance through both transcription and degradation determines the amount, timing, and location of protein translation. This balance is of particular importance in neurons, which are among the most metabolically active and morphologically complex cells in the body. As a result, any disruptions in RNA degradation can have dramatic consequences for neuronal health. In this chapter, we will first discuss mechanisms of RNA stabilization and decay. We will then explore how the disruption of these pathways can lead to neurodegenerative disease.
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47
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Yuan Z, Jiao B, Hou L, Xiao T, Liu X, Wang J, Xu J, Zhou L, Yan X, Tang B, Shen L. Mutation analysis of the TIA1 gene in Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 64:160.e9-160.e12. [PMID: 29370934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a group of dementia syndromes characterized by the progressive deterioration of behaviors, executive dysfunction, and verbal impairment. Increasing evidence indicates that these 2 diseases share a common genetic etiology and pathophysiological mechanism. Recently, rare mutations in the low-complexity domain of the RNA-binding protein T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-1 (TIA1) gene were identified in Caucasian ALS and ALS-FTD patients. However, no comprehensive mutation analysis of the TIA1 gene has been performed in Chinese patients with ALS and FTD. In this study, we screened the low-complexity domain of TIA1 in a cohort of 241 ALS and 51 FTD patients in mainland China. As a result, 2 novel missense mutations (p.P352L and p.I300T) were identified in 2 sporadic patients with ALS, while no mutation was found in FTD cases. To the best of our knowledge, this report presented the first mutation analysis of the TIA1 gene in patients with ALS and FTD in Chinese population. Our findings broaden the known mutational spectrum in patients with ALS and further confirm TIA1 as a novel causative gene of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center, Neurological Institute, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Geriatrics Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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48
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Fernández MV, Kim JH, Budde JP, Black K, Medvedeva A, Saef B, Deming Y, Del-Aguila J, Ibañez L, Dube U, Harari O, Norton J, Chasse R, Morris JC, Goate A, Cruchaga C. Analysis of neurodegenerative Mendelian genes in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer Disease. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007045. [PMID: 29091718 PMCID: PMC5683650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson disease (PD) have a certain degree of clinical, pathological and molecular overlap. Previous studies indicate that causative mutations in AD and FTD/ALS genes can be found in clinical familial AD. We examined the presence of causative and low frequency coding variants in the AD, FTD, ALS and PD Mendelian genes, in over 450 families with clinical history of AD and over 11,710 sporadic cases and cognitive normal participants from North America. Known pathogenic mutations were found in 1.05% of the sporadic cases, in 0.69% of the cognitively normal participants and in 4.22% of the families. A trend towards enrichment, albeit non-significant, was observed for most AD, FTD and PD genes. Only PSEN1 and PINK1 showed consistent association with AD cases when we used ExAC as the control population. These results suggest that current study designs may contain heterogeneity and contamination of the control population, and that current statistical methods for the discovery of novel genes with real pathogenic variants in complex late onset diseases may be inadequate or underpowered to identify genes carrying pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Center, Ilsan hospital, National Health Insurance Service, Goyang, South Korea
| | - John P. Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Medvedeva
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Ben Saef
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jorge Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Laura Ibañez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Joanne Norton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Rachel Chasse
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - John C. Morris
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Alison Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Dept of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ICAHN 10–52, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ye Y, Tang WK, Zhang T, Xia D. A Mighty "Protein Extractor" of the Cell: Structure and Function of the p97/CDC48 ATPase. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:39. [PMID: 28660197 PMCID: PMC5468458 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p97/VCP (known as Cdc48 in S. cerevisiae or TER94 in Drosophila) is one of the most abundant cytosolic ATPases. It is highly conserved from archaebacteria to eukaryotes. In conjunction with a large number of cofactors and adaptors, it couples ATP hydrolysis to segregation of polypeptides from immobile cellular structures such as protein assemblies, membranes, ribosome, and chromatin. This often results in proteasomal degradation of extracted polypeptides. Given the diversity of p97 substrates, this "segregase" activity has profound influence on cellular physiology ranging from protein homeostasis to DNA lesion sensing, and mutations in p97 have been linked to several human diseases. Here we summarize our current understanding of the structure and function of this important cellular machinery and discuss the relevant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wai Kwan Tang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
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50
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Shahheydari H, Ragagnin A, Walker AK, Toth RP, Vidal M, Jagaraj CJ, Perri ER, Konopka A, Sultana JM, Atkin JD. Protein Quality Control and the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Frontotemporal Dementia Continuum. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:119. [PMID: 28539871 PMCID: PMC5423993 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, has an important regulatory role in cellular function. Protein quality control mechanisms, including protein folding and protein degradation processes, have a crucial function in post-mitotic neurons. Cellular protein quality control relies on multiple strategies, including molecular chaperones, autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome system, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) and the formation of stress granules (SGs), to regulate proteostasis. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the presence of misfolded protein aggregates, implying that protein quality control mechanisms are dysfunctional in these conditions. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative diseases that are now recognized to overlap clinically and pathologically, forming a continuous disease spectrum. In this review article, we detail the evidence for dysregulation of protein quality control mechanisms across the whole ALS-FTD continuum, by discussing the major proteins implicated in ALS and/or FTD. We also discuss possible ways in which protein quality mechanisms could be targeted therapeutically in these disorders and highlight promising protein quality control-based therapeutics for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Shahheydari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Audrey Ragagnin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Reka P Toth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyril J Jagaraj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma R Perri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Konopka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica M Sultana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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