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Richmond-Rakerd LS, Iyer MT, D'Souza S, Khalifeh L, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Milne BJ. Associations of hospital-treated infections with subsequent dementia: nationwide 30-year analysis. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:783-790. [PMID: 38714911 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Infections, which can prompt neuroinflammation, may be a risk factor for dementia1-5. More information is needed concerning associations across different infections and different dementias, and from longitudinal studies with long follow-ups. This New Zealand-based population register study tested whether infections antedate dementia across three decades. We identified individuals born between 1929 and 1968 and followed them from 1989 to 2019 (n = 1,742,406, baseline age = 21-60 years). Infection diagnoses were ascertained from public hospital records. Dementia diagnoses were ascertained from public hospital, mortality and pharmaceutical records. Relative to individuals without an infection, those with an infection were at increased risk of dementia (hazard ratio 2.93, 95% confidence interval 2.68-3.20). Associations were evident for dementia diagnoses made up to 25-30 years after infection diagnoses. Associations held after accounting for preexisting physical diseases, mental disorders and socioeconomic deprivation. Associations were evident for viral, bacterial, parasitic and other infections, and for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, including vascular dementia. Preventing infections might reduce the burden of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica T Iyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Aetion,Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie D'Souza
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lara Khalifeh
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Promenta Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Promenta Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barry J Milne
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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2
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Elfers K, Watanangura A, Hoffmann P, Suchodolski JS, Khattab MR, Pilla R, Meller S, Volk HA, Mazzuoli-Weber G. Fecal supernatants from dogs with idiopathic epilepsy activate enteric neurons. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1281840. [PMID: 38356649 PMCID: PMC10864448 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1281840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiome have been reported in idiopathic epilepsy (IE), however, interactions of gut microbes with the enteric nervous system (ENS) in this context require further study. This pilot study examined how gastrointestinal microbiota (GIM), their metabolites, and nutrients contained in intestinal contents communicate with the ENS. Methods Fecal supernatants (FS) from healthy dogs and dogs with IE, including drug-naïve, phenobarbital (PB) responsive, and PB non-responsive dogs, were applied to cultured myenteric neurons to test their activation using voltage-sensitive dye neuroimaging. Additionally, the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the FS were quantified. Results Our findings indicate that FS from all examined groups elicited neuronal activation. Notably, FS from PB non-responsive dogs with IE induced action potential discharge in a higher proportion of enteric neurons compared to healthy controls, which exhibited the lowest burst frequency overall. Furthermore, the highest burst frequency in enteric neurons was observed upon exposure to FS from drug-naïve dogs with IE. This frequency was significantly higher compared to that observed in PB non-responsive dogs with IE and showed a tendency to surpass that of healthy controls. Discussion Although observed disparities in SCFA concentrations across the various FS samples might be associated with the induced neuronal activity, a direct correlation remains elusive at this point. The obtained results hint at an involvement of the ENS in canine IE and set the basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Elfers
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antja Watanangura
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
- Veterinary Research and Academic Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pascal Hoffmann
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Mohammad R. Khattab
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sebastian Meller
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gemma Mazzuoli-Weber
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
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3
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Li T, Chen H, Xu B, Yu M, Li J, Shi Y, Xia S, Wu S. Deciphering the interplay between LPS/TLR4 pathways, neurotransmitter, and deltamethrin-induced depressive-like behavior: Perspectives from the gut-brain axis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105697. [PMID: 38072552 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The improper use of deltamethrin (DM) can result in its accumulation in soil, water, food, and even the human body, which is associated with an elevated risk of neurotoxicity and behavioral abnormalities; however, the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently investigated. Emerging evidence underscores the significance of the gut-brain axis in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions. Accordingly, this study investigates the role of the gut-brain axis in DM-induced behavioral anomalies in mice. The results showed that DM exposure induced depressive-like behavior, and the hippocampus, the region that is responsible for the modulation of emotional behavior, showed structural integrity disrupted (neuronal nuclear shrinkage and decreased tight junction protein expression). In addition, DM exposure led to compromised gut barrier integrity (disruptions on crypt surfaces and decreased tight junction protein expression), which might contribute to the gut bacterial-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leakage into the bloodstream and reaching the brain, triggering LPS/toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 -mediated increases in brain pro-inflammatory cytokines. Subsequently, we observed a disturbance in neurotransmitter metabolic pathways following DM exposure, which inhibited the production of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Additionally, DM exposure resulted in gut microbiota dysbiosis. Characteristic bacteria, such as Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Gram-negative bacterium cTPY-13, and Odoribacter exhibited significant correlations with behavior, tight junction proteins, inflammatory response, and neurotransmitters. Further fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments suggested that DM-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis might contribute to depressive-like behavior. These results provide a new perspective on the toxicity mechanism of DM, indicating that its neurotoxicity may be partially regulated by the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Mengwei Yu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shaohui Xia
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shijin Wu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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4
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Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wang Z, Gan J, Gao Q, Yang L, Xu P, Jiang X. Inflammatory signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with inhibitors, natural products and metabolites (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:111. [PMID: 37800614 PMCID: PMC10558228 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis poses a persistent obstacle to drug development. In recent times, neuroinflammation has emerged as a crucial pathogenic mechanism of AD, and the targeting of inflammation has become a viable approach for the prevention and management of AD. The present study conducted a comprehensive review of the literature between October 2012 and October 2022, identifying a total of 96 references, encompassing 91 distinct pharmaceuticals that have been investigated for their potential impact on AD by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Research has shown that pharmaceuticals have the potential to ameliorate AD by reducing neuroinflammation mainly through regulating inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF‑κB, MAPK, NLRP3, PPARs, STAT3, CREB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2 and their respective signaling pathways. Among them, tanshinone IIA has been extensively studied for its anti‑inflammatory effects, which have shown significant pharmacological properties and can be applied clinically. Thus, it may hold promise as an effective drug for the treatment of AD. The present review elucidated the inflammatory signaling pathways of pharmaceuticals that have been investigated for their therapeutic efficacy in AD and elucidates their underlying mechanisms. This underscores the auspicious potential of pharmaceuticals in ameliorating AD by impeding neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Gan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Pengjuan Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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5
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de Rus Jacquet A, Alpaugh M, Denis HL, Tancredi JL, Boutin M, Decaestecker J, Beauparlant C, Herrmann L, Saint-Pierre M, Parent M, Droit A, Breton S, Cicchetti F. The contribution of inflammatory astrocytes to BBB impairments in a brain-chip model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3651. [PMID: 37339976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte dysfunction has previously been linked to multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). Among their many roles, astrocytes are mediators of the brain immune response, and astrocyte reactivity is a pathological feature of PD. They are also involved in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but barrier integrity is compromised in people with PD. This study focuses on an unexplored area of PD pathogenesis by characterizing the interplay between astrocytes, inflammation and BBB integrity, and by combining patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells with microfluidic technologies to generate a 3D human BBB chip. Here we report that astrocytes derived from female donors harboring the PD-related LRRK2 G2019S mutation are pro-inflammatory and fail to support the formation of a functional capillary in vitro. We show that inhibition of MEK1/2 signaling attenuates the inflammatory profile of mutant astrocytes and rescues BBB formation, providing insights into mechanisms regulating barrier integrity in PD. Lastly, we confirm that vascular changes are also observed in the human postmortem substantia nigra of both males and females with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Rus Jacquet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
| | - M Alpaugh
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - H L Denis
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - J L Tancredi
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
- Cell Biology R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - M Boutin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - J Decaestecker
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - C Beauparlant
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - L Herrmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - M Saint-Pierre
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - M Parent
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, G1E 1T2, Canada
| | - A Droit
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - S Breton
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - F Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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6
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Tang JM, McClennan A, Liu L, Hadway J, Ronald JA, Hicks JW, Hoffman L, Anazodo UC. A Protocol for Simultaneous In Vivo Imaging of Cardiac and Neuroinflammation in Dystrophin-Deficient MDX Mice Using [ 18F]FEPPA PET. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087522. [PMID: 37108685 PMCID: PMC10144317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by dystrophin loss-notably within muscles and the central neurons system. DMD presents as cognitive weakness, progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration until pre-mature death from cardiac or respiratory failure. Innovative therapies have improved life expectancy; however, this is accompanied by increased late-onset heart failure and emergent cognitive degeneration. Thus, better assessment of dystrophic heart and brain pathophysiology is needed. Chronic inflammation is strongly associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration; however, neuroinflammation's role is largely unknown in DMD despite being prevalent in other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we present an inflammatory marker translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) protocol for in vivo concomitant assessment of immune cell response in hearts and brains of a dystrophin-deficient mouse model [mdx:utrn(+/-)]. Preliminary analysis of whole-body PET imaging using the TSPO radiotracer, [18F]FEPPA in four mdx:utrn(+/-) and six wildtype mice are presented with ex vivo TSPO-immunofluorescence tissue staining. The mdx:utrn(+/-) mice showed significant elevations in heart and brain [18F]FEPPA activity, which correlated with increased ex vivo fluorescence intensity, highlighting the potential of TSPO-PET to simultaneously assess presence of cardiac and neuroinflammation in dystrophic heart and brain, as well as in several organs within a DMD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Tang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Andrew McClennan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Linshan Liu
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Jennifer Hadway
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Justin W Hicks
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Lisa Hoffman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Udunna C Anazodo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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7
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Exosomes: A missing link between chronic systemic inflammation and Alzheimer's disease? Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114161. [PMID: 36641928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are potent mediators of physiological and pathological processes. In Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory disorders, due to exosomes' distinctive ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, a bidirectional communication between the periphery and the central nervous system exists. Since exosomes can carry various biochemical molecules, this review investigates the role of exosomes as possible mediators between chronic systemic inflammatory diseases and Alzheimer's disease. Exosomes carry pro-inflammatory molecules generated in the periphery, travel to the central nervous system, and target glial and neuronal cells. Microglia and astrocytes then become activated, initiating chronic neuroinflammation. As the aging brain is more susceptible to such changes, this state of neuroinflammation can stimulate neuropathologies, impair amyloid-beta clearance capabilities, and generate dysregulated microRNAs that alter the expression of genes critical in Alzheimer's disease pathology. These processes, individually and collectively, become significant risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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8
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Leonardo S, Fregni F. Association of inflammation and cognition in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1069439. [PMID: 36815174 PMCID: PMC9939705 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1069439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be associated with an inflammatory process. Inflammatory cytokines may be a surrogate for systemic inflammation leading to worsening neurological function. We aim to investigate the association between cognitive impairment and inflammation by pooling and analyzing the data from previously published studies. Methods We performed a systematic literature search on MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for prospective longitudinal and cross-sectional studies evaluating the relationship between inflammation and cognitive functions. Results A total of 79 articles were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled estimates from cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an increased level of C-reactive protein (CRP) [Hedges's g 0.35, 95% CI (0.16, 0.55), p < 0.05], IL-1β [0.94, 95% CI (-0.04, 1.92), p < 0.05], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [0.46, 95% CI (0.05, 0.88), p < 0.005], TNF alpha [0.22, 95% CI (-0.24, 0.68), p < 0.05], sTNFR-1 [0.74, 95% CI (0.46, 1.02), p < 0.05] in AD compared to controls. Similarly, higher levels of IL-1β [0.17, 95% CI (0.05, 0.28), p < 0.05], IL-6 [0.13, 95% CI (0.08, 0.18), p < 0.005], TNF alpha [0.28, 95% CI (0.07, 0.49), p < 0.05], sTNFR-1 [0.21, 95% CI (0.05, 0.48), p < 0.05] was also observed in MCI vs. control samples. The data from longitudinal studies suggested that levels of IL-6 significantly increased the risk of cognitive decline [OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.13, 1.56)]. However, intermediate levels of IL-6 had no significant effect on the final clinical endpoint [OR = 1.06, 95% CI (0.8, 1.32)]. Conclusion The data from cross-sectional studies suggest a higher level of inflammatory cytokines in AD and MCI as compared to controls. Moreover, data from longitudinal studies suggest that the risk of cognitive deterioration may increase by high IL-6 levels. According to our analysis, CRP, antichymotrypsin (ACT), Albumin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha may not be good surrogates for neurological degeneration over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Leonardo
- Ph.D. Department, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala City, Guatemala,*Correspondence: Sofia Leonardo,
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Center for Neuromodulation and Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Kandeda AK, Nguedia D, Djeuzong E, Kouamouo J, Dimo T. An aqueous macerate of Ziziphus jujuba reduces long-term spatial memory impairment in D-galactose treated rats: role of anti-inflammatory pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2995-3009. [PMID: 35922734 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatments against Alzheimer disease provide only symptomatic relief and are associated with numerous side effects. Previous studies showed that a concoction of Ziziphus jujuba leaves possesses anti-amnesic effects in scopolamine-treated rats. More recently, an aqueous macerate of Z. jujuba leaves has been shown to reduce short-term memory impairment in D-galactose-treated rats. However, no study on the effect of an aqueous macerate of Z. jujuba on long-term memory impairment was performed. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of an aqueous macerate of Z. jujuba on long-term spatial memory impairment in D-galactose-treated rats. Long-term spatial memory impairment was induced in rats by administering D-galactose (350 mg/kg/day, s.c.), once dailyfor 21 days. On the 22nd day, the integrity of this memory was assessed using the Morris water maze task. Rats that developed memory impairment were treated with tacrine (10 mg/kg, p.o.), or aspirin (20 mg/kg, p.o.), or extract (41.5, 83, and 166 mg/kg, p.o.), once daily, for 14 days. At the end of the treatment, memory impairment was once more assessed using the same paradigm. Animals were then euthanized, and some pro-inflammatory cytokine markers were analyzed in the hippocampus or blood. The extract at all doses significantly reduced the latency to attain the platforming of the water maze test. The extract (83 mg/kg) also increased the time spent in the target quadrant during the retention phase. The extract markedly reduced the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine markers in the hippocampus and blood. Together, these results suggest that this aqueous extract Z. jujuba reduces long-term spatial memory impairment. This effect may be mediated in part by its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Kavaye Kandeda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Danide Nguedia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Mountains, Bangangté, P.O. Box 208, Cameroon
| | - Etienne Djeuzong
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Mountains, Bangangté, P.O. Box 208, Cameroon
| | - Jonas Kouamouo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Mountains, Bangangté, P.O. Box 208, Cameroon
| | - Théophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
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10
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Lavigne SE. Evolving evidence for relationships between periodontitis and systemic diseases: Position paper from the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE : CJDH = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE L'HYGIENE DENTAIRE : JCHD 2022; 56:155-171. [PMID: 36451995 PMCID: PMC9674001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this position paper is to investigate the current state of the evidence for proposed associations between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, inflammatory cancers, and renal disease using a narrative review approach. This is the last of a series of 5 position papers from the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association (CDHA) on the relationship between periodontitis and systemic conditions. METHODS Individual literature searches were conducted for each of the 5 proposed linkages and limited to human studies, with a preference for systematic reviews (SRs) and prospective studies, in the English language, published between 2015 and 2021, focused on associations between 1) periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis; 2) periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease/cognitive impairment; 3) periodontitis and obesity; 4) periodontitis and inflammatory cancers; and 5) periodontitis and chronic kidney disease. Databases searched were PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Registry of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. RESULTS A total of 39 papers were selected for discussion, including 6 SRs for rheumatoid arthritis; 7 SRs for Alzheimer's disease/cognitive impairment; 11 SRs, 1 meta-review of SRs, and 1 population-based cohort study for obesity; 9 SRs for inflammatory cancers; and 4 SRs for kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS The evidence for the 5 proposed associations varied in strength, with obesity being most strongly associated with periodontal disease. More robust studies are recommended to clarify the exact nature of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salme E Lavigne
- Senior scholar and retired professor, School of Dental Hygiene, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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11
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Sethi B, Kumar V, Mahato K, Coulter DW, Mahato RI. Recent advances in drug delivery and targeting to the brain. J Control Release 2022; 350:668-687. [PMID: 36057395 PMCID: PMC9884093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our body keeps separating the toxic chemicals in the blood from the brain. A significant number of drugs do not enter the central nervous system (CNS) due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Certain diseases, such as tumor growth and stroke, are known to increase the permeability of the BBB. However, the heterogeneity of this permeation makes it difficult and unpredictable to transport drugs to the brain. In recent years, research has been directed toward increasing drug penetration inside the brain, and nanomedicine has emerged as a promising approach. Active targeting requires one or more specific ligands on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs), which brain endothelial cells (ECs) recognize, allowing controlled drug delivery compared to conventional targeting strategies. This review highlights the mechanistic insights about different cell types contributing to the development and maintenance of the BBB and summarizes the recent advancement in brain-specific NPs for different pathological conditions. Furthermore, fundamental properties of brain-targeted NPs will be discussed, and the standard lesion features classified by neurological pathology are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198, USA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198, USA
| | - Kalika Mahato
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198, USA
| | - Donald W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198, USA.
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12
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Jana A, Wang X, Leasure JW, Magana L, Wang L, Kim YM, Dodiya H, Toth PT, Sisodia SS, Rehman J. Increased Type I interferon signaling and brain endothelial barrier dysfunction in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16488. [PMID: 36182964 PMCID: PMC9526723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is emerging as a key pathogenic factor in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), where increased microvascular endothelial permeability has been proposed to play an important role. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to increased brain microvascular permeability in AD are not fully understood. We studied brain endothelial permeability in female APPswe/PS1∆E9 (APP/PS1) mice which constitute a transgenic mouse model of amyloid-beta (Aβ) amyloidosis and found that permeability increases with aging in the areas showing the greatest amyloid plaque deposition. We performed an unbiased bulk RNA-sequencing analysis of brain endothelial cells (BECs) in female APP/PS1 transgenic mice. We observed that upregulation of interferon signaling gene expression pathways in BECs was among the most prominent transcriptomic signatures in the brain endothelium. Immunofluorescence analysis of isolated BECs from female APP/PS1 mice demonstrated higher levels of the Type I interferon-stimulated gene IFIT2. Immunoblotting of APP/PS1 BECs showed downregulation of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin. Stimulation of human brain endothelial cells with interferon-β decreased the levels of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin as well as tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin-5 and increased barrier leakiness. Depletion of the Type I interferon receptor in human brain endothelial cells prevented interferon-β-induced VE-cadherin downregulation and restored endothelial barrier integrity. Our study suggests that Type I interferon signaling contributes to brain endothelial dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Jana
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Xinge Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Joseph W Leasure
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Lissette Magana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Young-Mee Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Hemraj Dodiya
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The Microbiome Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Peter T Toth
- Research Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sangram S Sisodia
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The Microbiome Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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13
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López-Ornelas A, Jiménez A, Pérez-Sánchez G, Rodríguez-Pérez CE, Corzo-Cruz A, Velasco I, Estudillo E. The Impairment of Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease: Challenges and Opportunities with Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710136. [PMID: 36077533 PMCID: PMC9456198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and its prevalence is increasing. Nowadays, very few drugs effectively reduce AD symptoms and thus, a better understanding of its pathophysiology is vital to design new effective schemes. Presymptomatic neuronal damage caused by the accumulation of Amyloid β peptide and Tau protein abnormalities remains a challenge, despite recent efforts in drug development. Importantly, therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and diagnostic techniques have emerged to detect and treat AD. Of note, the compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) and peripheral inflammation in AD are becoming more evident, being harmful factors that contribute to the development of the disease. Perspectives from different pre-clinical and clinical studies link peripheral inflammation with the onset and progression of AD. This review aims to analyze the main factors and the contribution of impaired BBB in AD development. Additionally, we describe the potential therapeutic strategies using stem cells for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo López-Ornelas
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Hospital Nacional Homeopático, Hospitales Federales de Referencia, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Adriana Jiménez
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Corzo-Cruz
- Laboratorio Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Enrique Estudillo
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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14
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Pocevičiūtė D, Nuñez-Diaz C, Roth B, Janelidze S, Giannisis A, Hansson O, Wennström M. Increased plasma and brain immunoglobulin A in Alzheimer’s disease is lost in apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:117. [PMID: 36008818 PMCID: PMC9414424 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is foremost characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ)-extracellular plaques, tau-intraneuronal fibrillary tangles (NFT), and neuroinflammation, but over the last years it has become evident that peripheral inflammation might also contribute to the disease. AD patients often demonstrate increased levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators and altered antibody levels in the blood. In our study, we investigated the plasma Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in association with apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status and Aβ pathology. Methods IgA levels in antemortem-collected (cohort I) and postmortem-collected (cohort II) plasma samples from AD patients (n = 30 in cohort I and n = 16 in cohort II) and non-demented age-matched controls (NC) (n = 42 in cohort I and n = 7 in cohort II) were measured using ELISA. Hippocampal sections from cohort II were immunostained against IgA, and the IgA area fraction as well as the number of IgA positive (IgA+) cells in the cornu ammonis region were analysed using ImageJ. The relationship between plasma IgA levels and cognition, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in cohort I as well as neuropathology, IgA+ cell number, and IgA area fraction in cohort II was analysed before and after grouping the cohorts into APOEε4 carriers and APOEε4 non-carriers. Results Plasma IgA levels were higher in AD patients compared to NC in both cohorts. Also, AD patients demonstrated higher IgA area fraction and IgA+ cell number compared to NC. When APOEε4 status was considered, higher plasma IgA levels in AD patients were only seen in APOEε4 non-carriers. Finally, plasma IgA levels, exclusively in APOEε4 non-carriers, were associated with cognition, CRP, and CSF Aβ levels in cohort I as well as with IgA area fraction, IgA+ cell number, and Aβ, Lewy body, and NFT neuropathology in cohort II. Conclusions Our study suggests that AD pathology and cognitive decline are associated with increased plasma IgA levels in an APOE allele-dependent manner, where the associations are lost in APOEε4 carriers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01062-z.
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15
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Ganz T, Fainstein N, Ben-Hur T. When the infectious environment meets the AD brain. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:53. [PMID: 35986296 PMCID: PMC9388962 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Amyloid theory of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suggests that the deposition of Amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain triggers a chain of events, involving the deposition of phosphorylated Tau and other misfolded proteins, leading to neurodegeneration via neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurovascular factors. The infectious theory linked various infectious agents with the development of AD, raising the possibility that they serve as etiological causes of the disease. Are these theories mutually exclusive, or do they coincide? Main body In this review, we will discuss how the two theories converge. We present a model by which (1) the systemic infectious burden accelerates the development of AD brain pathology via bacterial Amyloids and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and (2) the developing AD brain pathology increases its susceptibility to the neurotoxicity of infectious agents -derived PAMPs, which drive neurodegeneration via activated microglia. Conclusions The reciprocal effects of amyloid deposition and systemic infectious burden may lead to a vicious cycle fueling Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis.
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16
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Cheng X, Wei Y, Qian Z, Han L. Autophagy Balances Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1537-1549. [PMID: 35960407 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly evolutionary conserved process that degrades cytosolic macromolecules or damaged organelles (e.g., mitochondria), as well as intracellular pathogens for energy and survival. Dysfunction of autophagy has been associated with the pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Recently, the presence of sustained immune response in the brain has been considered a new core pathology in AD. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy activation may suppress inflammation response through degrading inflammasomes or pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving immune system function in both clinical trials and preclinical studies. This review provides an overview of updated information on autophagy and inflammation and their potential mediators in AD. In summary, we believe that understanding the relationship between autophagy and inflammation will provide insightful knowledge for future therapeutic implications in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Cheng
- Department of TCM Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wei
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals CoLtd., Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijun Qian
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Department of TCM Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Content in Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Early Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152364. [PMID: 35954208 PMCID: PMC9367540 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common hallmark in different neurodegenerative conditions that share neuronal dysfunction and a progressive loss of a selectively vulnerable brain cell population. Alongside ageing and genetics, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are considered key risk factors. Microglia are considered immune sentinels of the central nervous system capable of initiating an innate and adaptive immune response. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms underlying the initiation and spread of inflammation in the brain are still poorly described. Recently, a new mechanism of intercellular signalling mediated by small extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been identified. EVs are nanosized particles (30–150 nm) with a bilipid membrane that carries cell-specific bioactive cargos that participate in physiological or pathological processes. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are cellular components recognised by the immune receptors of microglia, inducing or aggravating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders. Diverse evidence links mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation mediated by mitochondrial-DAMPs (mtDAMPs) such as mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and cardiolipin, among others. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) are a subtype of EVs produced after mild damage to mitochondria and, upon fusion with multivesicular bodies are released as EVs to the extracellular space. MDVs are particularly enriched in mtDAMPs which can induce an immune response and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, growing evidence supports the association between mitochondrial dysfunction, EV release and inflammation. Here, we describe the role of extracellular vesicles-associated mtDAMPS in physiological conditions and as neuroinflammation activators contributing to neurodegenerative disorders.
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18
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The association between blast exposure and transdiagnostic health symptoms on systemic inflammation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1702-1709. [PMID: 34400776 PMCID: PMC9283337 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic elevation of systemic inflammation is observed in a wide range of disorders including PTSD, depression, and traumatic brain injury. Although previous work has demonstrated a link between inflammation and various diagnoses separately, few studies have examined transdiagnostic symptoms and inflammation within the same model. The objective of this study was to examine relationships between psychiatric and health variables and systemic inflammation and to determine whether mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and/or exposure to blast munitions moderate these relationships. Confirmatory factor analysis in a large sample (N = 357) of post-9/11 Veterans demonstrated a good fit to a four-factor model reflecting traumatic stress, affective, somatic, and metabolic latent variables. Hierarchical regression models revealed that each of the latent variables were associated with higher levels of systemic inflammation. However, the strongest relationship with inflammation emerged among those who had both war-zone blast exposures and metabolic dysregulation, even after adjusting for mental health latent variables. Exploratory analyses showed that blast exposure was associated with metabolic dysregulation in a dose-response manner, with self-reported closer blast proximity associated with the greatest metabolic dysregulation. Together, these results provide a greater understanding of the types of symptoms most strongly associated with inflammation and underscore the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle to reduce the impact of obesity and other metabolic symptoms on future chronic disease in younger to middle-aged Veterans.
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19
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Li T, Tian D, Lu M, Wang B, Li J, Xu B, Chen H, Wu S. Gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by polychlorinated biphenyl 126 contributes to increased brain proinflammatory cytokines: Landscapes from the gut-brain axis and fecal microbiota transplantation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113726. [PMID: 35691195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of brain inflammation induced by polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB126) has not yet been fully illustrated. Growing evidence highlights the relevance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to study the role of the gut microbiota in PCB126-induced proinflammatory cytokine increases in the mouse brain. The results showed that PCB126 exposure significantly disordered gut bacterial communities, resulting in the enrichment of gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria), further leading to elevated levels of the gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subsequently, colonic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) was activated by bacterial LPS, which promoted proinflammatory cytokine generation and inhibited tight junction (TJ) protein expression. Then, bacterial LPS translocated from the gut lumen into the blood circulation and reached the brain, triggering LPS/TLR-4-mediated increases in brain proinflammatory cytokines. Further analysis after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) suggested that the gut microbiota disturbance caused by PCB126 could induce elevated bacterial LPS and trigger TLR-4-mediated increases in proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. This study highlights the possibility that PCB126-induced gut microbiota disorder contributes to increased brain proinflammatory cytokines. These results provide a new perspective for identifying the toxicity mechanisms of PCB126 and open up the possibility of modulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for CNS disease caused by environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongcan Tian
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengtian Lu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bijiao Wang
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shijin Wu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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20
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Saiyasit N, Butlig EAR, Chaney SD, Traylor MK, Hawley NA, Randall RB, Bobinger HV, Frizell CA, Trimm F, Crook ED, Lin M, Hill BD, Keller JL, Nelson AR. Neurovascular Dysfunction in Diverse Communities With Health Disparities-Contributions to Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:915405. [PMID: 35844216 PMCID: PMC9279126 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.915405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are an expanding worldwide crisis. In the absence of scientific breakthroughs, the global prevalence of ADRD will continue to increase as more people are living longer. Racial or ethnic minority groups have an increased risk and incidence of ADRD and have often been neglected by the scientific research community. There is mounting evidence that vascular insults in the brain can initiate a series of biological events leading to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and ADRD. We are a group of researchers interested in developing and expanding ADRD research, with an emphasis on vascular contributions to dementia, to serve our local diverse community. Toward this goal, the primary objective of this review was to investigate and better understand health disparities in Alabama and the contributions of the social determinants of health to those disparities, particularly in the context of vascular dysfunction in ADRD. Here, we explain the neurovascular dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contributing to dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Next, we ascertain ethnoregional health disparities of individuals living in Alabama, as well as relevant vascular risk factors linked to AD. We also discuss current pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment options for neurovascular dysfunction, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, including relevant studies and ongoing clinical trials. Overall, individuals in Alabama are adversely affected by social and structural determinants of health leading to health disparities, driven by rurality, ethnic minority status, and lower socioeconomic status (SES). In general, these communities have limited access to healthcare and healthy food and other amenities resulting in decreased opportunities for early diagnosis of and pharmaceutical treatments for ADRD. Although this review is focused on the current state of health disparities of ADRD patients in Alabama, future studies must include diversity of race, ethnicity, and region to best be able to treat all individuals affected by ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napatsorn Saiyasit
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Evan-Angelo R. Butlig
- Department of Neurology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samantha D. Chaney
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Miranda K. Traylor
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Nanako A. Hawley
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Ryleigh B. Randall
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Hanna V. Bobinger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Carl A. Frizell
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Franklin Trimm
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Errol D. Crook
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Mike Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Joshua L. Keller
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
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21
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Clark A, Zelmanovich R, Vo Q, Martinez M, Nwafor DC, Lucke-Wold B. Inflammation and the role of infection: Complications and treatment options following neurotrauma. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 100:23-32. [PMID: 35381478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury can have devastating consequences for patients and extended hospital stays and recovery course. Recent data indicate that the initial insult causes profound changes to the immune system and leads to a pro-inflammatory state. This alteration in homeostasis predisposes patients to an increased risk of infection and underlying autoimmune conditions. Increased emphasis has been placed on understanding this process both in the clinical and preclinical literature. This review highlights the intrinsic inflammatory conditions that can occur within the initial hospital stay, discusses long-term immune consequences, highlights emerging treatment options, and delves into important pathways currently being investigated with preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Clark
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | | | - Quan Vo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Melanie Martinez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Divine C Nwafor
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
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22
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Athanasaki A, Melanis K, Tsantzali I, Stefanou MI, Ntymenou S, Paraskevas SG, Kalamatianos T, Boutati E, Lambadiari V, Voumvourakis KI, Stranjalis G, Giannopoulos S, Tsivgoulis G, Paraskevas GP. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040778. [PMID: 35453527 PMCID: PMC9029855 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, reaching 60–80% of case totals, and is one of the major global causes of the elderly population’s decline in functionality concerning daily life activities. Epidemiological research has already indicated that, in addition to several others metabolic factors, diabetes mellitus type 2 is a risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease. Many molecular pathways have been described, and at the same time, there are clues that suggest the connection between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease, through specific genes, autophagy, and even inflammatory pathways. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted, and its main goal was to reveal the multilevel connection between these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Athanasaki
- Department of Neurology, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Konstantinos Melanis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Ioanna Tsantzali
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Maria Ioanna Stefanou
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Sofia Ntymenou
- Department of Neurology, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Sotirios G. Paraskevas
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Theodosis Kalamatianos
- 1st Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (T.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleni Boutati
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Voumvourakis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - George Stranjalis
- 1st Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (T.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.T.); (M.I.S.); (S.G.P.); (K.I.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105832466
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23
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Xie J, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. The Impact of Systemic Inflammation on Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796867. [PMID: 35069578 PMCID: PMC8770958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating age-related neurodegenerative disorder with an alarming increasing prevalence. Except for the recently FDA-approved Aducanumab of which the therapeutic effect is not yet conclusively proven, only symptomatic medication that is effective for some AD patients is available. In order to be able to design more rational and effective treatments, our understanding of the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis and progression of AD urgently needs to be improved. Over the last years, it became increasingly clear that peripheral inflammation is one of the detrimental factors that can contribute to the disease. Here, we discuss the current understanding of how systemic and intestinal (referred to as the gut-brain axis) inflammatory processes may affect brain pathology, with a specific focus on AD. Moreover, we give a comprehensive overview of the different preclinical as well as clinical studies that link peripheral Inflammation to AD initiation and progression. Altogether, this review broadens our understanding of the mechanisms behind AD pathology and may help in the rational design of further research aiming to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Amyloid Beta Pathology Exacerbates Weight Loss and Brain Cytokine Responses following Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide in Aged Female Tg2576 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042377. [PMID: 35216491 PMCID: PMC8879430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation has been implicated in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, less is understood about how existing AD pathology contributes to adverse outcomes following acute inflammatory insults. In the present study, our goal was to determine how AD-associated amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology influences the acute neuroinflammatory and behavioral responses to a moderate systemic inflammatory insult. We treated 16–18-month-old female Tg2576 (Tg) mice, which overproduce human Aβ and develop plaques, and age-matched wild-type (WT) littermate mice with an intraperitoneal injection of 0.33 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline. Mice were then evaluated over the next 28 h for sickness/depressive-like behaviors (food intake, weight loss, locomotion, and sucrose preference), systemic inflammation (serum amyloid A, SAA), blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein/GFAP), Aβ, and cytokine levels in the brain. We found that LPS caused a larger reduction in body weight in Tg vs. WT mice, but that other behavioral responses to LPS did not differ by genotype. BBB disruption was not apparent in either genotype following LPS. Concentrations of the systemic inflammatory marker, SAA, in the blood and brain were significantly increased with LPS but did not significantly differ by genotype. GFAP was increased in Tg mice vs. WT but was not significantly affected by LPS in either genotype. Finally, LPS-induced increases of eight cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 (p40), IL-10, IL-17A, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, and RANTES/CCL5) were found to be significantly higher in Tg mice vs. WT. In summary, our data show that Aβ pathology exacerbates the neuroinflammatory response to LPS and identifies cytokines that are selectively regulated by Aβ. The association of worse neuroinflammation with greater weight loss in Tg mice suggests that Aβ pathology could contribute to poor outcomes following a systemic inflammatory insult.
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25
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Khumalo GP, Van Wyk BE, Feng Y, Cock IE. A review of the traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of inflammation and inflammatory pain. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114436. [PMID: 34289396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammation is a serious global concern due to its debilitating symptoms, resulting in considerable suffering and lost productivity. Chronic and auto-immune inflammatory diseases are of particular concern. Several pharmaceutical therapies are already available. However, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) is accompanied by harmful and toxic side effects. Hence, the search for safer alternative therapeutics with limited side effects is imperative. The use of medicinal plants is common practice amongst the southern African population and may provide targets for drug development. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to review and document the medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of southern African medicinal plants used for inflammation and pain-related ailments. MATERIAL AND METHODS An extensive literature review was undertaken to identify southern African plants used traditionally to treat inflammation. A variety of ethnobotanical books and grey literature, as well as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus search engines were used as sources of information. RESULTS This review identified 555 medicinal plants from 118 families which were traditionally used in southern Africa to treat inflammation and pain. Fabaceae was the most prominent family with 63 species, followed by Asteraceae (54 species) and Apocynaceae (33 species). The top category of ailments indicated include non-specific inflammation with 150 species, followed by inflammatory pain (148 species), headache (114 species) and toothache (114 species). CONCLUSION Despite a large number of southern African medicinal plants used to treat inflammation and pain, relatively few have been screened for their anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, biologically active plant extracts have been tested against relatively few inflammatory markers and considerable further work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugulethu P Khumalo
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Griffith Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Ben Erik Van Wyk
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Griffith Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Ian E Cock
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
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26
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Banik A, Amaradhi R, Lee D, Sau M, Wang W, Dingledine R, Ganesh T. Prostaglandin EP2 receptor antagonist ameliorates neuroinflammation in a two-hit mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:273. [PMID: 34801055 PMCID: PMC8605573 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes substantial medical and societal burden with no therapies ameliorating cognitive deficits. Centralized pathologies involving amyloids, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammatory pathways are being investigated to identify disease-modifying targets for AD. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the potential neuroinflammatory agents involved in AD progression. However, chronic use of COX-2 inhibitors in patients produced adverse cardiovascular effects. We asked whether inhibition of EP2 receptors, downstream of the COX-2 signaling pathway, can ameliorate neuroinflammation in AD brains in presence or absence of a secondary inflammatory stimuli. METHODS We treated 5xFAD mice and their non-transgenic (nTg) littermates in presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an EP2 antagonist (TG11-77.HCl). In cohort 1, nTg (no-hit) or 5xFAD (single-hit-genetic) mice were treated with vehicle or TG11-77.HCl for 12 weeks. In cohort 2, nTg (single-hit-environmental) and 5xFAD mice (two-hit) were administered LPS (0.5 mg/kg/week) and treated with vehicle or TG11-77.HCl for 8 weeks. RESULTS Complete blood count analysis showed that LPS induced anemia of inflammation in both groups in cohort 2. There was no adverse effect of LPS or EP2 antagonist on body weight throughout the treatment. In the neocortex isolated from the two-hit cohort of females, but not males, the elevated mRNA levels of proinflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF, IL-6, CCL2, EP2), glial markers (IBA1, GFAP, CD11b, S110B), and glial proteins were significantly reduced by EP2 antagonist treatment. Intriguingly, the EP2 antagonist had no effect on either of the single-hit cohorts. There was a modest increase in amyloid-plaque deposition upon EP2 antagonist treatment in the two-hit female brains, but not in the single-hit genetic female cohort. CONCLUSION These results reveal a potential neuroinflammatory role for EP2 in the two-hit 5xFAD mouse model. A selective EP2 antagonist reduces inflammation only in female AD mice subjected to a second inflammatory insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Banik
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Radhika Amaradhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael Sau
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Raymond Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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27
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Sipilä PN, Heikkilä N, Lindbohm JV, Hakulinen C, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Suominen S, Väänänen A, Koskinen A, Nyberg ST, Pentti J, Strandberg TE, Kivimäki M. Hospital-treated infectious diseases and the risk of dementia: a large, multicohort, observational study with a replication cohort. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:1557-1567. [PMID: 34166620 PMCID: PMC8592915 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections have been hypothesised to increase the risk of dementia. Existing studies have included a narrow range of infectious diseases, relied on short follow-up periods, and provided little evidence for whether the increased risk is limited to specific dementia subtypes or attributable to specific microbes rather than infection burden. We aimed to compare the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias across a wide range of hospital-treated bacterial and viral infections in two large cohorts with long follow-up periods. METHODS In this large, multicohort, observational study, the analysis was based on a primary cohort consisting of pooled individual-level data from three prospective cohort studies in Finland (the Finnish Public Sector study, the Health and Social Support study, and the Still Working study) and an independent replication cohort from the UK Biobank. Community-dwelling adults (≥18 years) with no dementia at study entry were included. Follow-up was until Dec 31, 2012, in the Health and Social Support study, Dec 31, 2016, in the public sector study and the Still Working study, and Feb 7, 2018, in the replication cohort. Through record linkage to national hospital inpatient registers, we ascertained exposure to 925 infectious diseases (using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes) before dementia onset, and identified incident dementia from hospital records, medication reimbursement entitlements, and death certificates. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations of each infectious disease or disease group (index infection) with incident dementia were assessed by use of Cox proportional hazards models. We then repeated the analysis after excluding incident dementia cases that occurred during the first 10 years after initial hospitalisation due to the index infection. FINDINGS From March 1, 1986, to Jan 1, 2005, 260 490 people were included in the primary cohort, and from Dec 19, 2006, to Oct 1, 2010, 485 708 people were included in the replication cohort. In the primary cohort analysis based on 3 947 046 person-years at risk (median follow-up 15·4 years [IQR 9·8-21·0]), 77 108 participants had at least one hospital-treated infection before dementia onset and 2768 developed dementia. Hospitalisation for any infectious disease was associated with increased dementia risk in the primary cohort (adjusted HR [aHR] 1·48 [95% CI 1·37-1·60]) and replication cohort (2·60 [2·38-2·83]). The association remained when analyses were restricted to new dementia cases that occurred more than 10 years after infection (aHR 1·22 [95% CI 1·09-1·36] in the primary cohort, the replication cohort had insufficient follow-up data for this analysis), and when comorbidities and other dementia risk factors were considered. There was evidence of a dose-response association between the number of episodes of hospital-treated infections and dementia risk in both cohorts (ptrend=0·0007). Although the greatest dementia risk was seen for central nervous system (CNS) infections versus no infection (aHR 3·01 [95% CI 2·07-4·37]), excess risk was also evident for extra-CNS infections (1·47 [1·36-1·59]). Although we found little difference in the infection-dementia association by type of infection, associations were stronger for vascular dementia than for Alzheimer's disease (aHR 2·09 [95% CI 1·59-2·75] versus aHR 1·20 [1·08-1·33] in the primary cohort and aHR 3·28 [2·65-4·04] versus aHR 1·80 [1·53-2·13] in the replication cohort). INTERPRETATION Severe infections requiring hospital treatment are associated with long-term increased risk of dementia, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. This association is not limited to CNS infections, suggesting that systemic effects are sufficient to affect the brain. The absence of infection specificity combined with evidence of dose-response relationships between infectious disease burden and dementia risk support the hypothesis that increased dementia risk is driven by general inflammation rather than specific microbes. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, US National Institute on Aging, Wellcome Trust, NordForsk, Academy of Finland, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyry N Sipilä
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nelli Heikkilä
- Medicum, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joni V Lindbohm
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Suominen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Research Services, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Ari Väänänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solja T Nyberg
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo E Strandberg
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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28
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Galea I. The blood-brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2489-2501. [PMID: 34594000 PMCID: PMC8481764 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular blood-brain barrier is a highly regulated interface between the blood and brain. Its primary function is to protect central neurons while signaling the presence of systemic inflammation and infection to the brain to enable a protective sickness behavior response. With increasing degrees and duration of systemic inflammation, the vascular blood-brain barrier becomes more permeable to solutes, undergoes an increase in lymphocyte trafficking, and is infiltrated by innate immune cells; endothelial cell damage may occasionally occur. Perturbation of neuronal function results in the clinical features of encephalopathy. Here, the molecular and cellular anatomy of the vascular blood-brain barrier is reviewed, first in a healthy context and second in a systemic inflammatory context. Distinct from the molecular and cellular mediators of the blood-brain barrier's response to inflammation, several moderators influence the direction and magnitude at genetic, system, cellular and molecular levels. These include sex, genetic background, age, pre-existing brain pathology, systemic comorbidity, and gut dysbiosis. Further progress is required to define and measure mediators and moderators of the blood-brain barrier's response to systemic inflammation in order to explain the heterogeneity observed in animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Galea
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
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29
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Alipoor SD, Mortaz E, Varahram M, Garssen J, Adcock IM. The Immunopathogenesis of Neuroinvasive Lesions of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in COVID-19 Patients. Front Neurol 2021; 12:697079. [PMID: 34393976 PMCID: PMC8363128 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.697079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 was identified in December 2019. It subsequently spread across the world with over 125 M reported cases and 2.75 M deaths in 190 countries. COVID-19 causes severe respiratory distress; however, recent studies have reported neurological consequences of infection by the COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 even in subjects with mild infection and no initial neurological effects. It is likely that the virus uses the olfactory nerve to reach the CNS and that this transport mechanism enables virus access to areas of the brain stem that regulates respiratory rhythm and may even trigger cell death by alteration of these neuronal nuclei. In addition, the long-term neuronal effects of COVID-19 suggest a role for SARS-CoV-2 in the development or progression of neurodegerative disease as a result of inflammation and/or hypercoagulation. In this review recent findings on the mechanism(s) by which SARS-CoV-2 accesses the CNS and induces neurological dysregulation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D. Alipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and the National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Peripheral inflammation promotes brain tau transmission via disrupting blood-brain barrier. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222089. [PMID: 32043530 PMCID: PMC7033313 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal aggregation of pathological tau protein is a neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the AD patients, the abnormal tau accumulation first appeared in entorhinal cortex (EC) and then propagated to the hippocampus with microglia activation and inflammation, but the mechanism is elusive. Here, we studied the role and mechanisms underlying periphery inflammation on brain tau transmission. By intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with brain medial entorhinal cortex (MEC)-specific overexpressing P301L human tau (P301L-hTau), we found that both acute and chronic administration of LPS remarkably promoted P301L-hTau transmission from MEC to the hippocampal subsets. Interestingly, the chronic LPS-induced P301L-hTau transmission was still apparent after blocking microglia activation. Further studies demonstrated that LPS disrupted the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of glucocorticoid (GC) attenuated LPS-promoted P301L-hTau transmission. These data together suggest that a non-microglia-dependent BBB disruption contributes to peripheral LPS-promoted brain P301L-hTau transmission, therefore, maintaining the integrity of BBB can be a novel strategy for preventing pathological tau propagation in AD and other tauopathies.
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Puthenparampil M, Tomas-Ojer P, Hornemann T, Lutterotti A, Jelcic I, Ziegler M, Hülsmeier AJ, Cruciani C, Faigle W, Martin R, Sospedra M. Altered CSF Albumin Quotient Links Peripheral Inflammation and Brain Damage in MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/2/e951. [PMID: 33649179 PMCID: PMC7963437 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CNS damage can increase the susceptibility of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to changes induced by systemic inflammation. The aim of this study is to better understand BBB permeability in patients with MS and to examine whether compromised BBB integrity in some of these patients is associated with CNS damage and systemic inflammation. METHODS Routine CSF measurements of 121 patients with MS were analyzed including number and type of infiltrating cells, total protein, lactate, and oligoclonal bands, as well as intrathecal production of immunoglobulins and CSF/serum quotients for albumin, immunoglobulins, and glucose. In addition, in a subcohort of these patients, we performed ex vivo immunophenotyping of CSF-infiltrating and paired circulating lymphocytes using a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies, we quantified intrathecal neurofilament light chain (NF-L) and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), and we performed intrathecal lipidomic analysis. RESULTS Patients with MS with abnormal high levels of albumin in the CSF showed a distinct CSF cell infiltrate and markers of CNS damage such as increased intrathecal levels of NF-L and CHI3L1 as well as a distinct CSF lipidomic profile. In addition, these patients showed higher numbers of circulating proinflammatory Th1 and Th1* cells compatible with systemic inflammation. Of interest, the abnormally high levels of albumin in the CSF of those patients were preserved over time. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that CNS damage may increase BBB vulnerability to systemic inflammation in a subset of patients and thus contribute to disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Puthenparampil
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paula Tomas-Ojer
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lutterotti
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilijas Jelcic
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Ziegler
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Hülsmeier
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Cruciani
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Faigle
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Martin
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mireia Sospedra
- From Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims) (M.P., P.T.-O., A.L., I.J., M.Z., C.C., W.F., R.M., M.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience DNS (M.P.), University Hospital of Padova, Italy; and Institute for Clinical Chemistry (T.H., A.H.), University Hospital and University Zurich, Switzerland.
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Huang X, Hussain B, Chang J. Peripheral inflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption: effects and mechanisms. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 27:36-47. [PMID: 33381913 PMCID: PMC7804893 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiological barrier that separates the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral circulation, which contains inflammatory mediators and immune cells. The BBB regulates cellular and molecular exchange between the blood vessels and brain parenchyma. Normal functioning of the BBB is crucial for the homeostasis and proper function of the brain. It has been demonstrated that peripheral inflammation can disrupt the BBB by various pathways, resulting in different CNS diseases. Recently, clinical research also showed CNS complications following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy, which both lead to a cytokine storm in the circulation. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the BBB disruption induced by peripheral inflammation will provide an important basis for protecting the CNS in the context of exacerbated peripheral inflammatory diseases. In the present review, we first summarize the physiological properties of the BBB that makes the CNS an immune‐privileged organ. We then discuss the relevance of peripheral inflammation‐induced BBB disruption to various CNS diseases. Finally, we elaborate various factors and mechanisms of peripheral inflammation that disrupt the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Basharat Hussain
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Malashenkova IK, Krynskiy SA, Hailov NA, Ogurtsov DP, Chekulaeva EI, Ponomareva EV, Gavrilova SI, Didkovsky NA. [Immunological variants of amnestic mild cognitive impairment]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:60-68. [PMID: 33244960 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is considered as a possible earliest pre-dementia clinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Taking into account the prominent role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD, it is quite important to study possible immunological markers of the risk of aMCI progression and the changes in immune parameters in patients. OBJECTIVE To study the immunological variants of aMCI and AD based on the parameters of humoral and cell immunity, levels of key cytokines and presence of systemic inflammation, and to explore the link between changes in the immune parameters and clinical prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred patients with a diagnosis of aMCI, 45 patients with AD at the stage of mild to moderate dementia and 40 people without cognitive impairment (the control group) were enrolled into the study. Immunological assessment included determination of the concentration of key cytokines, C-reactive protein, circulating immune complexes and immunoglobulins (Ig A, M, G) in blood serum by ELISA, determination of the main subpopulations of lymphocytes by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Four main immunological variants of aMCI syndrome associated with clinical prognosis were identified. The detected changes in immune parameters are important for further studies to assess an effect of viral and bacterial infections, intestinal microflora disorders on a clinical prognosis in patients with different immunological variants of aMCI syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Malashenkova
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,Federal and Clinical Center of PhysicalCchemical Medicine Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Krynskiy
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Hailov
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia
| | - D P Ogurtsov
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,Federal and Clinical Center of PhysicalCchemical Medicine Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Chekulaeva
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - N A Didkovsky
- Federal and Clinical Center of PhysicalCchemical Medicine Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Kuo YC, Lou YI, Rajesh R. Dual functional liposomes carrying antioxidants against tau hyperphosphorylation and apoptosis of neurons. J Drug Target 2020; 28:949-960. [PMID: 32338078 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1761819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QU) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were loaded in phosphatidic acid-liposomes (QU/RA-PA-liposomes) with surface apolipoprotein E (ApoE) using a process of thin-film hydration, followed by covalent crosslinking to activate biological pathways for penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and redeeming the neuronal apoptosis from attack of β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42) and neurofibrillary tangles. The conjugation of liposomes with PA improved the activity of QU and RA against neurotoxicity of Aβ1-42. The fluorescent images of brain capillaries revealed that surface modification with ApoE improved the permeation ability of QU/RA-PA-ApoE-liposomes across the BBB. In addition, the highest therapeutic efficacy was obtained in the case of QU/RA-PA-ApoE-liposomes, compared to other QU/RA formulations studied using in vivo Aβ1-42-insulted rats mimicking Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cellular and molecular evidence from AD rats included the decrease in Aβ1-42 plaque formation and interleukin-6 secretion, increase in the neuronal count in Nissl staining, and reduction in the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 kinase and tau protein at serine 202 as well as caspase-3. The use of PA-ApoE-liposomes as a dual targeting formulation enhances the QU and RA ability to infiltrate the BBB, docks Aβ1-42 plaques and can be a potent approach to rescue degenerated neurons from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Taiwan
- Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Taiwan
| | - Yung-I Lou
- Department of Accounting, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Taiwan
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Paouri E, Georgopoulos S. Systemic and CNS Inflammation Crosstalk: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:559-574. [PMID: 30907316 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190321154618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After years of failed therapeutic attempts targeting beta-amyloid (Aβ) in AD, there is now increasing evidence suggesting that inflammation holds a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis and immune pathways can possibly comprise primary therapeutic targets. Inflammation is a key characteristic of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative disorders and thus not surprisingly suppression of inflammation frequently constitutes a major therapeutic strategy for a wide spectrum of disorders. Several brain-resident and peripherally-derived immune populations and inflammatory mediators are involved in AD pathophysiology, with microglia comprising central cellular player in the disease process. Systemic inflammation, mostly in the form of infections, has long been observed to induce behavioral alterations and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting for a close interaction of the peripheral immune system with the brain. Systemic inflammation can result in neuroinflammation, mainly exhibited as microglial activation, production of inflammatory molecules, as well as recruitment of peripheral immune cells in the brain, thus shaping a cerebral inflammatory milieu that may seriously impact neuronal function. Increasing clinical and experimental studies have provided significant evidence that acute (e.g. infections) or chronic (e.g. autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis) systemic inflammatory conditions may be associated with increased AD risk and accelerate AD progression. Here we review the current literature that links systemic with CNS inflammation and the implications of this interaction for AD in the context of acute and chronic systemic pathologies as acute infection and rheumatoid arthritis. Elucidating the mechanisms that govern the crosstalk between the peripheral and the local brain immune system may provide the ground for new therapeutic approaches that target the immune-brain interface and shed light on the understanding of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Paouri
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Georgopoulos
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Shukla PK, Meena AS, Rao R. Prevention and mitigation of alcohol-induced neuroinflammation by Lactobacillus plantarum by an EGF receptor-dependent mechanism. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:871-883. [PMID: 32945721 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1819105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorders. We investigated the role of Gut-Brain interactions in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation by probiotic-mediated manipulation of intestinal dysbiosis in mice. Chronic ethanol feeding induced dysbiosis, as evidenced by an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and depletion of Lactobacillus species in the colon. Ethanol increased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in plasma and the mRNA for IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and MCP1 genes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Ethanol feeding increased inulin flux from the circulation into different brain regions, accompanied by the increase in TLR4 mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed that ethanol elevates the expression of microglial activation marker TMEM119 in the cerebral cortex. Feeding L. plantarum suppressed the ethanol-induced dysbiosis to some extent, as evidenced by attenuation of ethanol effects on Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and abundance of Lactobacillus spp. L. plantarum blocked ethanol-induced elevation of plasma cytokines, inulin permeability to the brain, mRNA for TLR4, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and MCP1 in brain regions, and the expression of TMEM119 in the cerebral cortex. The L. plantarum effect was absent in mice that express a dominant-negative EGFR, suggesting that the EGFR receptor plays an essential role in the protective effect of L. plantarum against ethanol-induced neuroinflammation. L. plantarum, when administered after chronic ethanol-induced injury, rescued the ethanol-induced systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. This study demonstrates that L. plantarum in the gut prevents and mitigates ethanol-induced neuroinflammation by an EGFR-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Shukla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Avtar S Meena
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Simon F, Guyot L, Garcia J, Vilchez G, Bardel C, Chenel M, Tod M, Payen L. Impact of interleukin‐6 on drug transporters and permeability in the hCMEC/D3 blood–brain barrier model. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:397-409. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Simon
- EA3738 Faculté de médecine de Lyon‐Sud Université de Lyon 1 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Faculté de médecine et maïeutique Oullins France69921France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie‐Toxicologie Centre Hospitalier Lyon‐Sud Hospices civils de Lyon 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet Pierre‐Bénite France69310France
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier Direction of Clinical PK and Pharmacometrics 50 rue Carnot Suresnes92150France
| | - Laetitia Guyot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie‐Toxicologie Centre Hospitalier Lyon‐Sud Hospices civils de Lyon 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet Pierre‐Bénite France69310France
| | - Jessica Garcia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie‐Toxicologie Centre Hospitalier Lyon‐Sud Hospices civils de Lyon 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet Pierre‐Bénite France69310France
| | - Gaelle Vilchez
- Hospices Civils de Lyon Department of Biostatistics 162 avenue Lacassagne Lyon69424France
| | - Claire Bardel
- Hospices Civils de Lyon Department of Biostatistics 162 avenue Lacassagne Lyon69424France
| | - Marylore Chenel
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier Direction of Clinical PK and Pharmacometrics 50 rue Carnot Suresnes92150France
| | - Michel Tod
- EA3738 Faculté de médecine de Lyon‐Sud Université de Lyon 1 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Faculté de médecine et maïeutique Oullins France69921France
| | - Léa Payen
- Laboratoire de Biochimie‐Toxicologie Centre Hospitalier Lyon‐Sud Hospices civils de Lyon 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet Pierre‐Bénite France69310France
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Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Its Underlying Mechanisms on Alzheimer-Like Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:89-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Peña-Bautista C, Baquero M, López-Nogueroles M, Vento M, Hervás D, Cháfer-Pericás C. Isoprostanoids Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Do Not Reflect Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050407. [PMID: 32397687 PMCID: PMC7278667 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed a relationship between lipid oxidation biomarkers from plasma samples and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), constituting a promising diagnostic tool. In this work we analyzed whether these plasma biomarkers could reflect specific brain oxidation in AD. In this work lipid peroxidation compounds were determined in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AD and non-AD (including other neurological pathologies) participants, by means of an analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis evaluated correlations between biological matrices. The results did not show satisfactory correlations between plasma and CSF samples for any of the studied lipid peroxidation biomarkers (isoprostanes, neuroprostanes, prostaglandines, dihomo-isoprostanes). However, some of the analytes showed correlations with specific CSF biomarkers for AD and with neuropsychological tests (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS)). In conclusion, lipid peroxidation biomarkers in CSF samples do not reflect their levels in plasma samples, and no significant differences were observed between participant groups. However, some of the analytes could be useful as cognitive decline biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Peña-Bautista
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (M.V.)
| | - Miguel Baquero
- Neurology Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (M.V.)
| | - David Hervás
- Biostatistical Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-124-67-21
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Kuo YC, Lou YI, Rajesh R, Chen CL. Multiple-component dual-phase solid lipid nanoparticles with conjugated transferrin for formulating antioxidants and nerve growth factor against neuronal apoptosis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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A receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical for imaging of traumatic brain injury in a rodent model: [ 99mTc]Tc-tilmanocept. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 92:107-114. [PMID: 32169304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and subsequent neuro-inflammation occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in a spectrum of human nervous system disorders. [99mTc]Tc-tilmanocept is a receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical FDA-approved for sentinel lymph node mapping. We hypothesize that after an intravenous (i.v.) injection, [99mTc]Tc-tilmanocept, will traverse a disrupted BBB and bind to CD206-bearing microglial cells. METHODS Age-matched mice were divided into three groups: 5-days post TBI (n = 4), and 5-days post sham (n = 4), and naïve controls (n = 4). IRDye800CW-labeled [99mTc]Tc-tilmanocept (0.15 nmol per gram body weight) and FITC-labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) were injected (i.v.) into each mouse. Mice were imaged with a high-resolution gamma camera for 45 min. Immediately after imaging, the brains were perfused with fixative, excised, imaged with a fluorescence scanner, assayed for radioactivity, and prepared for histology. RESULTS In vivo nuclear imaging, ex vivo fluorescence imaging, ex vivo gamma well counting, and histo-microscopy demonstrated enhanced tilmanocept uptake in the TBI region. The normalized [99mTc]Tc-tilmanocept uptake value from nuclear imaging and the maximum pixel intensity from fluorescence imaging of the TBI group (1.12 ± 0.12 and 2288 ± 278 a.u., respectively) were significantly (P < 0.04) higher than the sham group (0.64 ± 0.28 and 1708 ± 101 a.u., respectively) and the naive group (0.76 ± 0.24 and 1643 ± 391 a.u., respectively). The mean [99mTc]Tc-tilmanocept scaled uptake in the TBI brains (0.058 ± 0.013%/g) was significantly (P < 0.010) higher than the scaled brain uptake of the sham group (0.031 ± 0.011%/g) and higher (P = 0.04) than the uptake of the naïve group (0.020 ± 0.002%/g). Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated increased uptake of the IRDye800CW-tilmanocept and FITC-BSA in the TBI brain regions. CONCLUSION [99mTc]Tc-tilmanocept traverses disrupted blood-brain barrier and localizes within the injured region. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE: [99mTc]Tc-tilmanocept could serve as an imaging biomarker for TBI-associated neuroinflammation and any disease process that involves a disruption of the blood-brain barrier.
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Lax N, Fainstein N, Nishri Y, Ben-Zvi A, Ben-Hur T. Systemic microbial TLR2 agonists induce neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:55. [PMID: 32059733 PMCID: PMC7023749 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating data suggest a central role for brain microglia in mediating cortical neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in their toxic activation. Amyloid deposition in preclinical AD is associated with microglial activation but not directly with neurodegeneration. We examined in transgenic 5xFAD mice the hypothesis that systemic TLR2 agonists, derived from common infectious agents, may accelerate neurodegeneration in AD. METHODS Microbial wall-derived TLR2 agonists zymosan and lipoteichoic acid were administered intraperitoneally or intracerebroventricularly to 7-month-old wild-type or 5xFAD mice. Immunofluorescent stainings were used to quantify cortical neurons and evaluate tissue reaction. Microglial activation was assessed using functional assays, RNA expression, and FACS analysis. RESULTS Repeated low-dose systemic administration of zymosan or lipoteichoic acid killed cortical neurons in 5xFAD mice but not in wild-type mice. Direct CNS delivery of a selective TLR2 antagonist blocked the neurotoxicity of systemically administered zymosan, indicating that CNS TLR2 mediates this effect. Systemically administered zymosan crossed the disrupted blood-brain barrier in 5xFAD mice and entered brain parenchyma. By intracerebroventricular delivery, we found a dose- and exposure time-dependent acute neurotoxic effect of the microbial TLR2 agonist, killing cortical neurons. 5xFAD mice exhibited significantly increased vulnerability to TLR2 agonist-induced neuronal loss as compared to wild-type mice. Microbial TLR2-induced neurodegeneration was abolished by inhibiting microglia. The vulnerability of 5xFAD mice brains was mediated by an increase in number and neurotoxic phenotype of TLR2-expressing microglia. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that repeated exposure to microbial TLR2 agonists may facilitate neurodegeneration in AD by their microglial-mediated toxicity to the hyper-vulnerable environment of the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Lax
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yossi Nishri
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayal Ben-Zvi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Zhao Y, Wei X, Song J, Zhang M, Huang T, Qin J. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonist Rosiglitazone Protects Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Following Diffuse Axonal Injury by Decreasing the Levels of Inflammatory Mediators Through a Caveolin-1-Dependent Pathway. Inflammation 2019; 42:841-856. [PMID: 30488141 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our early experiments confirmed that rosiglitazone (RSG), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, had therapeutic potential for the treatment of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) by inhibiting the expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein and reducing the loss and abnormal phosphorylation of tau, but the underlying mechanisms were not fully defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate a possible role for PPARγ in the protection of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in a rat model of DAI, and the underlying mechanisms. PPAR agonists and antagonists were intraperitoneally injected after DAI. Treatment with RSG ameliorated axonal injury, cell apoptosis, glia activation, and the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. It also increased the expression of tight junction-associated proteins like ZO-1, claudin-5, and occludin-1, whereas the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 had the opposite effects. These effects were also studied in a BBB in vitro model, consisting of a monolayer of human microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Treatment with RSG ameliorated the loss of BBB integrity and the increased permeability induced by OGD by reducing the release of inflammatory factors and maintaining the expression of tight junction-associated proteins. Interestingly, caveolin-1 was found located mainly in endothelial cells, and RSG increased the expression of caveolin-1, which decreased following OGD. In contrast, caveolin-1 siRNA abrogated the protective effects of RSG in the in vitro BBB model. In conclusion, we provide evidence that PPARγ plays an important role in a series of processes associated with DAI, and that the PPARγ agonist RSG can protect BBB integrity by decreasing the levels of inflammatory mediators through a caveolin-1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jinning Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Tingqin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Systemic inflammation linking chronic periodontitis to cognitive decline. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:63-73. [PMID: 31279681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation in the systemic immune system can impose detrimental effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation might be a result of this to accelerate the progressive deterioration of neuronal functions during aging. In this regard, controlling inflammation through delaying and/or preventing chronic inflammatory diseases may be a potential strategy to prevent or modify the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that is common among the elderly, especially for those who have decline in cognitive functions. While epidemiological findings support the association of chronic periodontitis and cognitive decline, whether they have causal relationship remains unclear. Nonetheless, the possibility that periodontopathogens, systemic immune cells and inflammatory cytokines could reach the CNS should not be overlooked. The impacts of periodontitis on CNS homeostasis and inflammation as a pathophysiological factor concerning the association between periodontitis and AD will be discussed in this review. Future work should elucidate the pathological pathways involved in periodontitis-induced cerebral infections and inflammation, and define the role of the latter in AD progression.
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Solé M, Esteban-Lopez M, Taltavull B, Fábregas C, Fadó R, Casals N, Rodríguez-Álvarez J, Miñano-Molina AJ, Unzeta M. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction underlying Alzheimer's disease is induced by an SSAO/VAP-1-dependent cerebrovascular activation with enhanced Aβ deposition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2189-2202. [PMID: 31047972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctions of the vascular system directly contribute to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) shows signs of malfunction at early stages of the disease. When Abeta peptide (Aβ) is deposited on brain vessels, it induces vascular degeneration by producing reactive oxygen species and promoting inflammation. These molecular processes are also related to an excessive SSAO/VAP-1 (semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase) enzymatic activity, observed in plasma and in cerebrovascular tissue of AD patients. We studied the contribution of vascular SSAO/VAP-1 to the BBB dysfunction in AD using in vitro BBB models. Our results show that SSAO/VAP-1 expression is associated to endothelial activation by altering the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic angioneurins, most highly IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF. It is also related to a BBB structure alteration, with a decrease in tight-junction proteins such as zona occludens or claudin-5. Moreover, the BBB function reveals increased permeability and leukocyte adhesion in cells expressing SSAO/VAP-1, as well as an enhancement of the vascular Aβ deposition induced by mechanisms both dependent and independent of the enzymatic activity of SSAO/VAP-1. These results reveal an interesting role of vascular SSAO/VAP-1 in BBB dysfunction related to AD progression, opening a new window in the search of alternative therapeutic targets for fighting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Solé
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Esteban-Lopez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biel Taltavull
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fábregas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alfredo J Miñano-Molina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tanaka M, Dohgu S, Komabayashi G, Kiyohara H, Takata F, Kataoka Y, Nirasawa T, Maebuchi M, Matsui T. Brain-transportable dipeptides across the blood-brain barrier in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5769. [PMID: 30962462 PMCID: PMC6453885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from nutrients required for the brain, there has been no report that naturally occurring peptides can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of this study was to identify the BBB-transportable peptides using in situ mouse perfusion experiments. Based on the structural features of Gly-N-methylated Gly (Gly-Sar), a reported BBB-transportable compound, 18 dipeptides were synthesized, and were perfused in the mouse brain for two minutes. Among the synthesized dipeptides, Gly-Sar, Gly-Pro, and Tyr-Pro were transported across the BBB with Ki values of 7.60 ± 1.29, 3.49 ± 0.66, and 3.53 ± 0.74 µL/g·min, respectively, and accumulated in the mouse brain parenchyma. Additionally, using MALDI-MS/MS imaging analysis of Tyr-Pro-perfused brain, we provide evidence for Tyr-Pro accumulation in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum of mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Genki Komabayashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hayato Kiyohara
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takashi Nirasawa
- Bruker Japan K.K., 3-9 Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Motohiro Maebuchi
- FUJI OIL CO., Ltd., Research and Development Division, 1 Sumiyoshi-cho, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8540, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Systemic LPS-induced Aβ-solubilization and clearance in AβPP-transgenic mice is diminished by heparanase overexpression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4600. [PMID: 30872722 PMCID: PMC6418119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is the main constituent of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neuropathology is associated with neuroinflammation. Here, we investigated effects of systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treatment on neuroinflammation and Aβ deposition in AβPP-mice and double-transgenic mice with brain expression of AβPP and heparanase, an enzyme that degrades HS and generates an attenuated LPS-response. At 13 months of age, the mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 µg LPS or vehicle, and were sacrificed 1.5 months thereafter. Aβ in the brain was analyzed histologically and biochemically after sequential detergent extraction. Neuroinflammation was assessed by CD45 immunostaining and mesoscale cytokine/chemokine ELISA. In single-transgenic mice, LPS-treatment reduced total Aβ deposition and increased Tween-soluble Aβ. This was associated with a reduced CXCL1, IL-1β, TNF-α-level and microgliosis, which correlated with amyloid deposition and total Aβ. In contrast, LPS did not change Aβ accumulation or inflammation marker in the double-transgenic mice. Our findings suggest that a single pro-inflammatory LPS-stimulus, if given sufficient time to act, triggers Aβ-clearance in AβPP-transgenic mouse brain. The effects depend on HS and heparanase.
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Małkiewicz MA, Szarmach A, Sabisz A, Cubała WJ, Szurowska E, Winklewski PJ. Blood-brain barrier permeability and physical exercise. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:15. [PMID: 30678702 PMCID: PMC6345022 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, a theoretical framework on the crosstalk between physical exercise and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is presented. We discuss the influence of physical activity on the factors affecting BBB permeability such as systemic inflammation, the brain renin-angiotensin and noradrenergic systems, central autonomic function and the kynurenine pathway. The positive role of exercise in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease is described. Finally, the potential role of conditioning as well as the effect of exercise on BBB tight junctions is outlined. There is a body of evidence that regular physical exercise diminishes BBB permeability as it reinforces antioxidative capacity, reduces oxidative stress and has anti-inflammatory effects. It improves endothelial function and might increase the density of brain capillaries. Thus, physical training can be emphasised as a component of prevention programs developed for patients to minimise the risk of the onset of neuroinflammatory diseases as well as an augmentation of existing treatment. Unfortunately, despite a sound theoretical background, it remains unclear as to whether exercise training is effective in modulating BBB permeability in several specific diseases. Further research is needed as the impact of exercise is yet to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Małkiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Tuwima Str. 15, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Szarmach
- 2-nd Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sabisz
- 2-nd Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wiesław J Cubała
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Edyta Szurowska
- 2-nd Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł J Winklewski
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Tuwima Str. 15, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland. .,2-nd Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. .,Department of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, Slupsk, Poland.
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Goschorska M, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Gutowska I, Metryka E, Skórka-Majewicz M, Chlubek D. Potential Role of Fluoride in the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123965. [PMID: 30544885 PMCID: PMC6320968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has not been fully explained. Now, the disease is widely attributed both to genetic and environmental factors. It is believed that only a small percentage of new AD cases result solely from genetic mutations, with most cases attributed to environmental factors or to the interaction of environmental factors with preexistent genetic determinants. Fluoride is widespread in the environment and it easily crosses the blood⁻brain barrier. In the brain fluoride affects cellular energy metabolism, synthesis of inflammatory factors, neurotransmitter metabolism, microglial activation, and the expression of proteins involved in neuronal maturation. Finally, and of specific importance to its role in Alzheimer's disease, studies report fluoride-induced apoptosis and inflammation within the central nervous system. This review attempts to elucidate the potential relationship between the effects of fluoride exposure and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We describe the impact of fluoride-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD and demonstrate a role for apoptosis in disease progression, as well as a mechanism for its initiation by fluoride. The influence of fluoride on processes of AD initiation and progression is complex and warrants further investigation, especially considering growing environmental fluoride pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Emilia Metryka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marta Skórka-Majewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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50
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Wang Y, Shen J, Yang X, Jin Y, Yang Z, Wang R, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Akebia saponin D reverses corticosterone hypersecretion in an Alzheimer's disease rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:219-225. [PMID: 30092401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid hormones are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other diseases including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and osteoporosis. Akebia saponin D (ASD) possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including as an anti-AD, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-diabetes, and anti-osteoporosis agent. The anti-AD effect of ASD is possibly through its regulation of glucocorticoid levels. PURPOSE The present study was undertaken to investigate the neuroprotective effects of ASD on Aβ25-35-induced cognitive deficits and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action. METHODS The AD rat model was established by an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 into the lateral ventricles. Spatial learning and anxiety state were assessed by Morris water maze task and elevated plus-maze assay, respectively. The degree of hypertrophy of adrenal gland was analyzed using the viscera coefficient. Corticosterone and ACTH concentrations in the plasm were measured using biochemical assay kits. The activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (11β-HSD1) in liver and groin fat pad was assessed by measuring cortisol production. RESULTS Compared with the control group, AD rats displayed significant spatial learning and reference memory impairments, serious anxiety disorders, obvious hypertrophy of adrenal gland, elevated corticosterone and ACTH levels in the plasma, and increased 11β-HSD1 activity in liver and groin fat pad. ASD could significantly ameliorate the memory deficits and anxiety symptoms, markedly reduce the viscera coefficient of adrenal gland, observably decrease corticosterone and ACTH concentrations, and showed no effect on the activity of 11β-HSD1. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ASD might exert a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive impairment, driven in part by reducing systemic corticosterone level by down-regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jinyang Shen
- State Key laboratory of natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ye Jin
- Pharmacy Department, Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhonglin Yang
- State Key laboratory of natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Material Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Departments of Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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