1
|
Pio-Lopez L, Levin M. Aging as a loss of morphostatic information: A developmental bioelectricity perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102310. [PMID: 38636560 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining order at the tissue level is crucial throughout the lifespan, as failure can lead to cancer and an accumulation of molecular and cellular disorders. Perhaps, the most consistent and pervasive result of these failures is aging, which is characterized by the progressive loss of function and decline in the ability to maintain anatomical homeostasis and reproduce. This leads to organ malfunction, diseases, and ultimately death. The traditional understanding of aging is that it is caused by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. In this article, we propose a complementary view of aging from the perspective of endogenous bioelectricity which has not yet been integrated into aging research. We propose a view of aging as a morphostasis defect, a loss of biophysical prepattern information, encoding anatomical setpoints used for dynamic tissue and organ homeostasis. We hypothesize that this is specifically driven by abrogation of the endogenous bioelectric signaling that normally harnesses individual cell behaviors toward the creation and upkeep of complex multicellular structures in vivo. Herein, we first describe bioelectricity as the physiological software of life, and then identify and discuss the links between bioelectricity and life extension strategies and age-related diseases. We develop a bridge between aging and regeneration via bioelectric signaling that suggests a research program for healthful longevity via morphoceuticals. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of the homologies between development, aging, cancer and regeneration and how morphoceuticals can be developed for aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léo Pio-Lopez
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Flori L, Spezzini J, Calderone V, Testai L. Role of mitochondrial potassium channels in ageing. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101857. [PMID: 38403095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is described as an inevitable decline in body functions over time and an increase in susceptibility to age-related diseases. Therefore, the increase of life expectancy is also viewed as a condition in which many elderly will develop age-related diseases and disabilities, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological and oncological ones. Currently, several recognized cellular hallmarks of senescence are taken in consideration to evaluate the level of biological ageing and are the topic to plan preventive/curative anti-ageing interventions, including genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this scenario, alterations in the function/expression of mitochondrial ion channels have been found in ageing and associated to an impairment of calcium cycling and a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Although several ion channels have been described at mitochondrial level, undoubtedly the mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels are the most investigated. Therefore, this review summarized the evidence that sheds to light a correlation between age-related diseases and alteration of mitoK channels, focusing the attention of the main age-related diseases, i.e. cardiovascular, neurological and oncological ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
HARA Y, SHODA A, YONOICHI S, ISHIDA Y, MURATA M, KIMURA M, ITO M, NUNOBIKI S, YOSHIMOTO A, MANTANI Y, YOKOYAMA T, HIRANO T, IKENAKA Y, TABUCHI Y, HOSHI N. No-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) clothianidin, a neonicotinoid pesticide, impairs hippocampal memory and motor learning associated with alteration of gene expression in cerebellum. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:340-348. [PMID: 38311399 PMCID: PMC10963099 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides (NNs) have been associated with numerous neurobehavioral effects in rodents, raising concerns about their impact on cognitive function. Clothianidin (CLO), a type of NN, was orally administered to male mice (10 weeks old, C57BL/6N) at the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 50 mg/kg/day as indicated in the pesticide risk assessment report. Behavioral tests (novel location recognition and rotarod tests) evaluated hippocampal memory and cerebellar motor learning. After each test, plasma monoamines (3-methoxytyramine, histamine, serotonin, tryptamine) were measured by LC-ESI/MS/MS (Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry), and cerebellar mRNA expression was quantified by microarray and qRT-PCR analyses. The NOAEL of CLO was found to impair hippocampal memory, leading to decreased spontaneous locomotor activity and motor function. We reported, for the first time, multiple alterations of gene expression in the cerebellum associated with motor dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukako HARA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Asuka SHODA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sakura YONOICHI
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuya ISHIDA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Midori MURATA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mako KIMURA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Makiko ITO
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sarika NUNOBIKI
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayano YOSHIMOTO
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Youhei MANTANI
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi YOKOYAMA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi HIRANO
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori IKENAKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Yoshiaki TABUCHI
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko HOSHI
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boboc IKS, Cojocaru A, Nedelea G, Catalin B, Bogdan M, Calina D. Chronic Administration of Ion Channel Blockers Impact Microglia Morphology and Function in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14474. [PMID: 37833922 PMCID: PMC10572937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, a high prevalence of multimorbidity will affect the way physicians need to think about drug interactions. With microglia's important involvement in the pathology and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), understanding whether systemically administered drugs intended for other affections could impact microglia function, already impacted by the presence of beta-amyloid, is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological changes of microglia, using in vivo 2-photon laser scanning microscopy, in a murine model of AD under systemic administration of sodium or calcium ion channel blockers in order to establish potential effects that these drugs might have on microglia under neuro-inflammatory conditions. A total of 30 mice (age 14-16 weeks, weight 20-25 g) were used, with 25 APP randomly divided into three groups. The remaining animals were CX3CR1GFP/GFP male mice (n = 5) used as WT controls. After baseline behavior testing, all animals received daily intraperitoneal injections for 30 days according to the assigned group [WT (n = 5), Control (n = 5), Carbamazepine (n = 10), and Verapamil (n = 10)]. The results showed that the Verapamil treatment improved short-term memory and enhanced exploratory behavior in APP mice. The Carbamazepine treatment also improved short-term memory but did not elicit significant changes in anxiety-related behavior. Both Verapamil and Carbamazepine reduced the surveillance speed of microglia processes and changed microglia morphology in the cortex compared to the Control group. Due to their complex molecular machinery, microglia are potentially affected by drugs that do not target them specifically, and, as such, investigating these interactions could prove beneficial in our management of neurodegenerative pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ianis Kevyn Stefan Boboc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- U.M.F. Doctoral School Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru Cojocaru
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Gabriel Nedelea
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan Catalin
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Maria Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Joksimovic SM, Ghodsi SM, Heinsbroek JA, Orfila JE, Busquet N, Tesic V, Valdez R, Fine-Raquet B, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Raol YH, Herson PS, Todorovic SM. Ca V3.1 T-type calcium channels are important for spatial memory processing in the dorsal subiculum. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109400. [PMID: 36586474 PMCID: PMC9898223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal subiculum (dSub) is one of the key structures responsible for the formation of hippocampal memory traces but the contribution of individual ionic currents to its cognitive function is not well studied. Although we recently reported that low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channels (T-channels) are crucial for the burst firing pattern regulation in the dSub pyramidal neurons, their potential role in learning and memory remains unclear. Here we used in vivo local field potential recordings and miniscope calcium imaging in freely behaving mice coupled with pharmacological and genetic tools to address this gap in knowledge. We show that the CaV3.1 isoform of T-channels is critically involved in controlling neuronal activity in the dSub in vivo. Altering neuronal excitability by inhibiting T-channel activity markedly affects calcium dynamics, synaptic plasticity, neuronal oscillations and phase-amplitude coupling in the dSub, thereby disrupting spatial learning. These results provide an important causative link between the CaV3.1 channels, burst firing of dSub neurons and memory formation, thus further supporting the notion that changes in neuronal excitability regulate memory processing. We posit that subicular CaV3.1 T-channels could be a promising novel drug target for cognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan M Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Neurology and CHOP Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammadreza Ghodsi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jasper A Heinsbroek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James E Orfila
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert Valdez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Translational Epilepsy Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brier Fine-Raquet
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yogendra H Raol
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Translational Epilepsy Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jung SC, Zhou T, Ko EA. Age-dependent expression of ion channel genes in rat. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 27:85-94. [PMID: 36575936 PMCID: PMC9806634 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels regulate a large number of cellular functions and their functional role in many diseases makes them potential therapeutic targets. Given their diverse distribution across multiple organs, the roles of ion channels, particularly in age-associated transcriptomic changes in specific organs, are yet to be fully revealed. Using RNA-seq data, we investigated the rat transcriptomic profiles of ion channel genes across 11 organs/tissues and 4 developmental stages in both sexes of Fischer 344 rats and identify tissue-specific and age-dependent changes in ion channel gene expression. Organ-enriched ion channel genes were identified. In particular, the brain showed higher tissue-specificity of ion channel genes, including Gabrd, Gabra6, Gabrg2, Grin2a, and Grin2b. Notably, age-dependent changes in ion channel gene expression were prominently observed in the thymus, including in Aqp1, Clcn4, Hvcn1, Itpr1, Kcng2, Kcnj11, Kcnn3, and Trpm2. Our comprehensive study of ion channel gene expression will serve as a primary resource for biological studies of aging-related diseases caused by abnormal ion channel functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Cherl Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Eun-A Ko
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea,Correspondence Eun-A Ko, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bathini P, Dupanloup I, Zenaro E, Terrabuio E, Fischer A, Ballabani E, Doucey MA, Alberi L. Systemic Inflammation Causes Microglial Dysfunction With a Vascular AD phenotype. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 28:100568. [PMID: 36704658 PMCID: PMC9871075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in rodents and humans have indicated that inflammation outside CNS (systemic inflammation) affects brain homeostasis contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders. Itis becoming increasingly evident that such early insults may also belinked to neurodegenerative diseases like late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Importantly, lifestyle and stress, such as viral or bacterial infection causing chronic inflammation, may contribute to neurodegenerative dementia. Systemic inflammatory response triggers a cascade of neuroinflammatory responses, altering brain transcriptome, cell death characteristic of AD, and vascular dementia. Our study aimed to assess the temporal evolution of the pathological impact of systemic inflammation evoked by prenatal and early postnatal peripheral exposure of viral mimetic Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) and compare the hippocampal transcriptomic changes with the profiles of human post-mortem AD and vascular dementia brain specimens. Methods We have engineered the PolyI:C sterile infection model in wildtype C57BL6 mice to achieve chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. We have conducted a cross-sectional analysis of aging PolyI:C and Saline control mice (3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 16 months), taking the hippocampus as a reference brain region, and compared the brain aging phenotype to AD progression in humans with mild AD, severe AD, and Controls (CTL), in parallel to Vascular dementia (VaD) patients' specimens. Results We found that PolyI:C mice display both peripheral and central inflammation with a peak at 6 months, associated with memory deficits. The hippocampus is characterized by a pronounced and progressive tauopathy. In PolyI:C brains, microglia undergo aging-dependent morphological shifts progressively adopting a phagocytic phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a profound change in gene expression throughout aging, with a peak in differential expression at 9 months. We show that the proinflammatory marker Lcn2 is one of the genes with the strongest upregulation in PolyI:C mice upon aging. Validation in brains from patients with increasing severity of AD and VaD shows the reproducibility of some gene targets in vascular dementia specimens as compared to AD ones. Conclusions The PolyI:C model of sterile infection demonstrates that peripheral chronic inflammation causes progressive tau hyperphosphorylation, changes in microglia morphology, astrogliosis and gene reprogramming reflecting increased neuroinflammation, vascular remodeling, and the loss of neuronal functionality seen to some extent in human AD and Vascular dementia suggesting early immune insults could be crucial in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bathini
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Terrabuio
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amrei Fischer
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edona Ballabani
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Lavinia Alberi
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author. Swiss Integrative Centre of Human Health, Passage du Cardinal 13B, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Papazoglou A, Arshaad MI, Henseler C, Daubner J, Broich K, Hescheler J, Ehninger D, Haenisch B, Weiergräber M. Ca v3 T-Type Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channels and the Amyloidogenic Environment: Pathophysiology and Implications on Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacovigilance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3457. [PMID: 35408817 PMCID: PMC8998330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) were reported to play a crucial role in neurotransmitter release, dendritic resonance phenomena and integration, and the regulation of gene expression. In the septohippocampal system, high- and low-voltage-activated (HVA, LVA) Ca2+ channels were shown to be involved in theta genesis, learning, and memory processes. In particular, HVA Cav2.3 R-type and LVA Cav3 T-type Ca2+ channels are expressed in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB), hippocampal interneurons, and pyramidal cells, and ablation of both channels was proven to severely modulate theta activity. Importantly, Cav3 Ca2+ channels contribute to rebound burst firing in septal interneurons. Consequently, functional impairment of T-type Ca2+ channels, e.g., in null mutant mouse models, caused tonic disinhibition of the septohippocampal pathway and subsequent enhancement of hippocampal theta activity. In addition, impairment of GABA A/B receptor transcription, trafficking, and membrane translocation was observed within the septohippocampal system. Given the recent findings that amyloid precursor protein (APP) forms complexes with GABA B receptors (GBRs), it is hypothesized that T-type Ca2+ current reduction, decrease in GABA receptors, and APP destabilization generate complex functional interdependence that can constitute a sophisticated proamyloidogenic environment, which could be of potential relevance in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The age-related downregulation of T-type Ca2+ channels in humans goes together with increased Aβ levels that could further inhibit T-type channels and aggravate the proamyloidogenic environment. The mechanistic model presented here sheds new light on recent reports about the potential risks of T-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) in dementia, as observed upon antiepileptic drug application in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papazoglou
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (A.P.); (M.I.A.); (C.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Muhammad Imran Arshaad
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (A.P.); (M.I.A.); (C.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Christina Henseler
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (A.P.); (M.I.A.); (C.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Johanna Daubner
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (A.P.); (M.I.A.); (C.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (B.H.)
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Britta Haenisch
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (B.H.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Center for Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (A.P.); (M.I.A.); (C.H.); (J.D.)
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (B.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Klemz A, Wildner F, Tütüncü E, Gerevich Z. Regulation of Hippocampal Gamma Oscillations by Modulation of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:778022. [PMID: 35177966 PMCID: PMC8845518 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.778022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels activated around the subthreshold membrane potential determine the likelihood of neuronal firing in response to synaptic inputs, a process described as intrinsic neuronal excitability. Long-term plasticity of chemical synaptic transmission is traditionally considered the main cellular mechanism of information storage in the brain; however, voltage- and calcium-activated channels modulating the inputs or outputs of neurons are also subjects of plastic changes and play a major role in learning and memory formation. Gamma oscillations are associated with numerous higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory, but our knowledge of their dependence on intrinsic plasticity is by far limited. Here we investigated the roles of potassium and calcium channels activated at near subthreshold membrane potentials in cholinergically induced persistent gamma oscillations measured in the CA3 area of rat hippocampal slices. Among potassium channels, which are responsible for the afterhyperpolarization in CA3 pyramidal cells, we found that blockers of SK (KCa2) and KV7.2/7.3 (KCNQ2/3), but not the BK (KCa1.1) and IK (KCa3.1) channels, increased the power of gamma oscillations. On the contrary, activators of these channels had an attenuating effect without affecting the frequency. Pharmacological blockade of the low voltage-activated T-type calcium channels (CaV3.1–3.3) reduced gamma power and increased the oscillation peak frequency. Enhancement of these channels also inhibited the peak power without altering the frequency of the oscillations. The presented data suggest that voltage- and calcium-activated ion channels involved in intrinsic excitability strongly regulate the power of hippocampal gamma oscillations. Targeting these channels could represent a valuable pharmacological strategy against cognitive impairment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ashrafuzzaman M. Mitochondrial ion channels in aging and related diseases. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:97-109. [PMID: 35043775 DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220119094324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transport of materials and information across cellular boundaries, such as plasma, mitochondrial and nuclear membranes, happens mainly through varieties of ion channels and pumps. Various biophysical and biochemical processes play vital roles. The underlying mechanisms and associated phenomenological lipid membrane transports are linked directly or indirectly to the cell health condition. Mitochondrial membranes (mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) and mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM)) host crucial cellular processes. Their malfunction is often found responsible for the rise of cell-originated diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's, neurodegenerative disease, etc. A large number of ion channels active across MOM and MIM are known to belong to vital cell-based structures found to be linked directly to cellular signaling. Hence their malfunctions are often found to contribute to abnormalities in intracellular communication, which may even be associated with the rise of various diseases. In this article, the aim is to pinpoint ion channels that are directly or indirectly linked to especially aging and related abnormalities in health conditions. An attempt has been made to address the natural structures of these channels, their mutated conditions, and the ways we may cause interventions in their malfunctioning. The malfunction of ion channel subunits, including especially various proteins, involved directly in channel formation and/or indirectly in channel stabilization, leads to the rise of various channel-specific diseases, which are known as channelopathies. Channelopathies in aging will be discussed briefly. This mini-review may be found as an important reference for drug discovery scientists dealing with aging-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashrafuzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harraz OF, Jensen LJ. Vascular calcium signalling and ageing. J Physiol 2021; 599:5361-5377. [PMID: 34705288 PMCID: PMC9002240 DOI: 10.1113/jp280950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cellular Ca2+ levels have major influences on vascular function and blood pressure regulation. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) orchestrate vascular activity in distinct ways, often involving highly specific fluctuations in Ca2+ signalling. Ageing is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but the impact of ageing per se on vascular Ca2+ signalling has received insufficient attention. We reviewed the literature for age-related changes in Ca2+ signalling in relation to vascular structure and function. Vascular tone dysregulation in several vascular beds has been linked to abnormal expression or activity of SMC voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ -activated K+ channels or TRPC6 channels. Some of these effects were linked to altered caveolae density, microRNA expression or 20-HETE abundance. Intracellular store Ca2+ handling was suppressed in ageing mainly via reduced expression of intracellular Ca2+ release channels, and Ca2+ reuptake or efflux pumps. An increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, leading to oxidative stress, could also play a role in SMC hypercontractility and structural remodelling in ageing. In ECs, ageing entailed diverse effects on spontaneous and evoked Ca2+ transients, as well as structural changes at the EC-SMC interface. The concerted effects of altered Ca2+ signalling on myogenic tone, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, and vascular structure are likely to contribute to blood pressure dysregulation and blood flow distribution deficits in critical organs. With the increase in the world's ageing population, future studies should be directed at solving specific ageing-induced Ca2+ signalling deficits to combat the imminent accelerated vascular ageing and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama F. Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA,Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Lars Jørn Jensen
- Pathobiological Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pan CC, Du ZH, Zhao Y, Chu HQ, Sun JW. Downregulation of Cav3.1 T-type Calcium Channel Expression in Age-related Hearing Loss Model. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:680-686. [PMID: 34403092 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-related hearing loss (AHL), characterized by degeneration of cochlea structures, is the most common sensory disorder among the elderly worldwide. The calcium channel is considered to contribute to normal hearing. However, the role of the T-type voltage-activated calcium channel, Cav3.1, remains unclear in AHL. Here, we investigate the age-related change of Cav3.1 expression in the cochlea and D-gal-induced senescent HEI-OC1 cells. METHODS Cochleae from C57BL/6 mice at 2 months and 12 months of age were assessed. Senescence in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells was induced by D-gal treatment. The immunofluorescence technique was employed to investigate the distribution of Cav3.1 in vivo and in vitro. Quantitative assessment was achieved by Western blotting and real-time PCR. RESULTS In comparison with 2-month-old animals, 12-month old C57BL/6 mice exhibited great loss of hair cells and elevated auditory brainstem threshold. The Cav3.1 was located in hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, lateral walls, and the expression of Cav3.1 protein and mRNA decreased in the aged cochleae. D-gal-induced senescence assay confirmed the down-regulation of Cav3.1 expression in senescent HEI-OC1 cells. CONCLUSION Our results show that age-related down-regulated expression of Cav3.1 in the cochleae is associated with AHL and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chen Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Han-Qi Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jin-Wu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The aging mouse brain: cognition, connectivity and calcium. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102358. [PMID: 33517250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that differentially impacts multiple cognitive, sensory, neuronal and molecular processes. Technological innovations now allow for parallel investigation of neuronal circuit function, structure and molecular composition in the brain of awake behaving adult mice. Thus, mice have become a critical tool to better understand how aging impacts the brain. However, a more granular systems-based approach, which considers the impact of age on key features relating to neural processing, is required. Here, we review evidence probing the impact of age on the mouse brain. We focus on a range of processes relating to neuronal function, including cognitive abilities, sensory systems, synaptic plasticity and calcium regulation. Across many systems, we find evidence for prominent age-related dysregulation even before 12 months of age, suggesting that emerging age-related alterations can manifest by late adulthood. However, we also find reports suggesting that some processes are remarkably resilient to aging. The evidence suggests that aging does not drive a parallel, linear dysregulation of all systems, but instead impacts some processes earlier, and more severely, than others. We propose that capturing the more fine-scale emerging features of age-related vulnerability and resilience may provide better opportunities for the rejuvenation of the aged brain.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ryan M, Tan VTY, Thompson N, Guévremont D, Mockett BG, Tate WP, Abraham WC, Hughes SM, Williams J. Lentivirus-Mediated Expression of Human Secreted Amyloid Precursor Protein-Alpha Promotes Long-Term Induction of Neuroprotective Genes and Pathways in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1075-1090. [PMID: 33386801 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted amyloid precursor protein-alpha (sAPPα) can enhance memory and is neurotrophic and neuroprotective across a range of disease-associated insults, including amyloid-β toxicity. In a significant step toward validating sAPPα as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we demonstrated that long-term overexpression of human sAPPα (for 8 months) in a mouse model of amyloidosis (APP/PS1) could prevent the behavioral and electrophysiological deficits that develop in these mice. OBJECTIVE To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the significant physiological and behavioral improvements observed in sAPPα-treated APP/PS1 mice. METHODS We assessed the long-term effects on the hippocampal transcriptome following continuous lentiviral delivery of sAPPα or empty-vector to male APP/PS1 mice and wild-type controls using Affymetrix Mouse Transcriptome Assays. Data analysis was carried out within the Affymetrix Transcriptome Analysis Console and an integrated analysis of the resulting transcriptomic data was performed with Ingenuity Pathway analysis (IPA). RESULTS Mouse transcriptome assays revealed expected AD-associated gene expression changes in empty-vector APP/PS1 mice, providing validation of the assays used for the analysis. By contrast, there were specific sAPPα-associated gene expression profiles which included increases in key neuroprotective genes such as Decorin, betaine-GABA transporter and protocadherin beta-5, subsequently validated by qRT-PCR. An integrated biological pathways analysis highlighted regulation of GABA receptor signaling, cell survival and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, upstream gene regulatory analysis implicated sAPPα activation of Interleukin-4, which can counteract inflammatory changes in AD. CONCLUSION This study identified key molecular processes that likely underpin the long-term neuroprotective and therapeutic effects of increasing sAPPα levels in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Ryan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Valerie T Y Tan
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nasya Thompson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Diane Guévremont
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bruce G Mockett
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warren P Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Williams
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lawton A, Morgan CR, Schreiner CR, Schreiner CG, Baumann J, Upchurch B, Xu F, Price MS, Isaacs GD. Folate-Dependent Cognitive Impairment Associated With Specific Gene Networks in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus. Front Nutr 2020; 7:574730. [PMID: 33282900 PMCID: PMC7689186 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-term folate deficiency has been linked to cognitive defects. Given folate's role in regulating nucleotide synthesis and DNA and histone methylation, these changes are often linked to altered gene expression and might be controlled by specific regulatory networks. In our study we examined the effects of folic acid (FA) deficient or replete diets in mice, containing either no source of folate or normal FA intake, beginning post-weaning and persisting through the end of adult life at 18 months. Our goal was to assess levels of cognition in these mice using the novel object test and then connect the cognitive results to genetic changes. FA deficient mice showed significant memory impairment compared to control counterparts beginning at 5 months and persisting through 17 months, as determined by the novel object test. These deficits were associated with 363 significantly downregulated and 101 significantly upregulated genes in the deficient condition compared to the control condition in microarray analysis of hippocampal tissue. Many of these gene expression changes were determined to be specific to the hippocampus. Significant ontological categories for differential genes included nucleotide regulation, ion channel activity, and MAPK signaling; while some of these categories contain genes previously mapped to cognitive decline, other genes have not previously been associated with cognition. To determine proteins possibly involved in regulation of these genes, we performed bioinformatics analysis and found enriched motifs of for MafB and Zfp410 binding sites. These genes and enriched motifs may represent targets for treatment or investigation of memory-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Lawton
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Caroline R Morgan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Caleb R Schreiner
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Chris G Schreiner
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Jacqueline Baumann
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Britton Upchurch
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Feifan Xu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Michael S Price
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Science, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gary D Isaacs
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Advances in transcriptome analysis of human brain aging. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1787-1797. [PMID: 33244150 PMCID: PMC8080664 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with gradual deterioration of physiological and biochemical functions, including cognitive decline. Transcriptome profiling of brain samples from individuals of varying ages has identified the whole-transcriptome changes that underlie age-associated cognitive declines. In this review, we discuss transcriptome-based research on human brain aging performed by using microarray and RNA sequencing analyses. Overall, decreased synaptic function and increased immune function are prevalent in most regions of the aged brain. Age-associated gene expression changes are also cell dependent and region dependent and are affected by genotype. In addition, the transcriptome changes that occur during brain aging include different splicing events, intersample heterogeneity, and altered levels of various types of noncoding RNAs. Establishing transcriptome-based hallmarks of human brain aging will improve the understanding of cognitive aging and neurodegenerative diseases and eventually lead to interventions that delay or prevent brain aging.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yabuki Y. [Role of T-type Calcium Channels in Regulating Neuronal Function]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:1207-1212. [PMID: 32999199 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are low-threshold voltage-gated calcium channel and characterized by unique electrophysiological properties such as fast inactivation and slow deactivation kinetics. All subtypes of T-type calcium channel (Cav3.1, 3.2 and 3.3) are widely expressed in the central nerve system, and they have an important role in homeostasis of sleep, pain response, and development of epilepsy. Recently, several reports suggest that T-type calcium channels may mediate neuronal plasticity in the mouse brain. We succeeded to develop T-type calcium channel enhancer ethyl 8'-methyl-2',4-dioxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-2'H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine]-2-ene-3-carboxylate (SAK3) which enhances Cav3.1 and 3.3 currents in each-channel expressed neuro2A cells. SAK3 can promote acetylcholine (ACh) release in the mouse hippocampus via enhancing T-type calcium channel. In this review, we have introduced the role of T-type calcium channel, especially Cav3.1 channel in the mouse hippocampus based on our previous data using SAK3 and Cav3.1 knockout mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Harraz OF, Jensen LJ. Aging, calcium channel signaling and vascular tone. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111336. [PMID: 32918949 PMCID: PMC8511598 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling in vascular smooth muscle is crucial for arterial tone regulation and vascular function. Several proteins, including Ca2+ channels, function in an orchestrated fashion so that blood vessels can sense and respond to physiological stimuli such as changes in intravascular pressure. Activation of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, Cav1.2, leads to Ca2+ influx and consequently arterial tone development and vasoconstriction. Unique among Ca2+ channels, the vascular Cav3.2 T-type channel mediates feedback inhibition of arterial tone-and therefore causes vasodilation-of resistance arteries by virtue of functional association with hyperpolarizing ion channels. During aging, several signaling modalities are altered along with vascular remodeling. There is a growing appreciation of how calcium channel signaling alters with aging and how this may affect vascular function. Here, we discuss key determinants of arterial tone development and the crucial involvement of Ca2+ channels. We next provide an updated view of key changes in Ca2+ channel expression and function during aging and how these affect vascular function. Further, this article synthesizes new questions in light of recent developments. We hope that these questions will outline a roadmap for new research, which, undoubtedly, will unravel a more comprehensive picture of arterial tone dysfunction during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama F. Harraz
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405 USA,Corresponding author. (O.F. Harraz)
| | - Lars Jørn Jensen
- Pathobiological Sciences, Dept. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
SAK3 Administration Improves Spine Abnormalities and Cognitive Deficits in App NL-G-F/NL-G-F Knock-in Mice by Increasing Proteasome Activity through CaMKII/Rpt6 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113833. [PMID: 32481611 PMCID: PMC7312612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by neuropathological hallmarks consisting of accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Recently, we have identified a new AD therapeutic candidate, ethyl-8'-methyl-2',4-dioxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-2'H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-imidazo [1,2-a] pyridin]-2-ene-3-carboxylate (SAK3), which ameliorates the AD-like pathology in AppNL-F/NL-F knock-in mice. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of SAK3 remains unclear. In this study, we found that SAK3 administration improved the reduced proteasome activity through the activation of CaMKII/Rpt6 signaling in AppNL-F/NL-F knock-in (NL-G-F) mice. Moreover, spine abnormalities observed in NL-G-F mice were significantly reversed by SAK3 administration. Along with this, cognitive impairments found in NL-G-F mice were markedly ameliorated by SAK3. In summary, our data suggest that SAK3 administration increases the activity of the proteasome via activation of the CaMKII/Rpt6 signaling pathway, contributing to improvements in spine abnormalities and cognitive deficits in NL-G-F mice. Overall, our findings suggest that SAK3 might be a new attractive drug candidate, representing a new mechanism for the treatment of AD pathology.
Collapse
|
20
|
Popović N, Morales-Delgado N, Vidal Mena D, Alonso A, Pascual Martínez M, Caballero Bleda M, Popović M. Verapamil and Alzheimer's Disease: Past, Present, and Future. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:562. [PMID: 32431612 PMCID: PMC7214748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine class calcium channel blocker that for half a century has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, verapamil is also considered as a drug option for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as cluster headache, bipolar disorders, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review insights into the potential preventive and therapeutic role of verapamil on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) based on limited experimental and clinical data. Pharmacological studies have shown that verapamil has a wide therapeutic spectrum, including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects, regulation of the blood-brain barrier function, due to its effect on P-glycoprotein, as well as adjustment of cellular calcium homeostasis, which may result in the delay of AD onset or ameliorate the symptoms of patients. However, the majority of the AD individuals are on polypharmacotherapy, and the interactions between verapamil and other drugs need to be considered. Therefore, for an appropriate and successful AD treatment, a personalized approach is more than necessary. A well-known narrow pharmacological window of verapamil efficacy may hinder this approach. It is therefore important to note that the verapamil efficacy may be conditioned by different factors. The onset, grade, and brain distribution of AD pathological hallmarks, the time-sequential appearances of AD-related cognitive and behavioral dysfunction, the chronobiologic and gender impact on calcium homeostasis and AD pathogenesis may somehow be influencing that success. In the future, such insights will be crucial for testing the validity of verapamil treatment on animal models of AD and clinical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicanor Morales-Delgado
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan Alacant, Spain
| | - David Vidal Mena
- Neurological Unit, University Hospital "Santa Lucia", Cartagena, Spain
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - María Caballero Bleda
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Boczek T, Radzik T, Ferenc B, Zylinska L. The Puzzling Role of Neuron-Specific PMCA Isoforms in the Aging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246338. [PMID: 31888192 PMCID: PMC6941135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is a physiological phenomenon associated with progressive changes in metabolism, genes expression, and cellular resistance to stress. In neurons, one of the hallmarks of senescence is a disturbance of calcium homeostasis that may have far-reaching detrimental consequences on neuronal physiology and function. Among several proteins involved in calcium handling, plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) is the most sensitive calcium detector controlling calcium homeostasis. PMCA exists in four main isoforms and PMCA2 and PMCA3 are highly expressed in the brain. The overall effects of impaired calcium extrusion due to age-dependent decline of PMCA function seem to accumulate with age, increasing the susceptibility to neurotoxic insults. To analyze the PMCA role in neuronal cells, we have developed stable transfected differentiated PC12 lines with down-regulated PMCA2 or PMCA3 isoforms to mimic age-related changes. The resting Ca2+ increased in both PMCA-deficient lines affecting the expression of several Ca2+-associated proteins, i.e., sarco/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), calmodulin, calcineurin, GAP43, CCR5, IP3Rs, and certain types of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Functional studies also demonstrated profound changes in intracellular pH regulation and mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, modification of PMCAs membrane composition triggered some adaptive processes to counterbalance calcium overload, but the reduction of PMCA2 appeared to be more detrimental to the cells than PMCA3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tomasz Radzik
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Bozena Ferenc
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-5680
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sex difference in CHI3L1 expression levels in human brain aging and in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
23
|
Fei D, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhang H, Liu A, He X, Wang J, Li B, Wang Q, Jin Y. Ca v 1.2 regulates osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via canonical Wnt pathway in age-related osteoporosis. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12967. [PMID: 31120193 PMCID: PMC6612635 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Age‐related bone mass loss is one of the most prevalent diseases that afflict the elderly population. The decline in the osteogenic differentiation capacity of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) is regarded as one of the central mediators. Voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) play an important role in the regulation of various cell biological functions, and disruption of VGCCs is associated with several age‐related cellular characteristics and systemic symptoms. However, whether and how VGCCs cause the decreased osteogenic differentiation abilities of BMMSCs have not been fully elucidated. Methods Voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels related genes were screened, and the candidate gene was determined in several aging models. Functional role of determined channel on osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs was investigated through gain and loss of function experiments. Molecular mechanism was explored, and intervention experiments in vivo and in vitro were performed. Results We found that Cav1.2 was downregulated in these aging models, and downregulation of Cav1.2 in Zmpste24−/− BMMSCs contributed to compromised osteogenic capacity. Mechanistically, Cav1.2 regulated the osteogenesis of BMMSCs through canonical Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Moreover, upregulating the activity of Cav1.2 mitigated osteoporosis symptom in Zmpste24−/− mice. Conclusion Impaired osteogenic differentiation of Zmpste24−/− BMMSCs can be partly attributed to the decreased Cav1.2 expression, which leads to the inhibition of canonical Wnt pathway. Bay K8644 treatment could be an applicable approach for treating age‐related bone loss by ameliorating compromised osteogenic differentiation capacity through targeting Cav1.2 channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Anqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Qintao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Identification of Zebrafish Calcium Toolkit Genes and their Expression in the Brain. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030230. [PMID: 30889933 PMCID: PMC6471419 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are well-suited for in vivo calcium imaging because of the transparency of their larvae and the ability to express calcium probes in various cell subtypes. This model organism has been used extensively to study brain development, neuronal function, and network activity. However, only a few studies have investigated calcium homeostasis and signaling in zebrafish neurons, and little is known about the proteins that are involved in these processes. Using bioinformatics analysis and available databases, the present study identified 491 genes of the zebrafish Calcium Toolkit (CaTK). Using RNA-sequencing, we then evaluated the expression of these genes in the adult zebrafish brain and found 380 hits that belonged to the CaTK. Based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction arrays, we estimated the relative mRNA levels in the brain of CaTK genes at two developmental stages. In both 5 dpf larvae and adult zebrafish, the highest relative expression was observed for tmbim4, which encodes a Golgi membrane protein. The present data on CaTK genes will contribute to future applications of zebrafish as a model for in vivo and in vitro studies of Ca2+ signaling.
Collapse
|
25
|
Carter CJ. Autism genes and the leukocyte transcriptome in autistic toddlers relate to pathogen interactomes, infection and the immune system. A role for excess neurotrophic sAPPα and reduced antimicrobial Aβ. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:36-58. [PMID: 30862493 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal and early childhood infections have been implicated in autism. Many autism susceptibility genes (206 Autworks genes) are localised in the immune system and are related to immune/infection pathways. They are enriched in the host/pathogen interactomes of 18 separate microbes (bacteria/viruses and fungi) and to the genes regulated by bacterial toxins, mycotoxins and Toll-like receptor ligands. This enrichment was also observed for misregulated genes from a microarray study of leukocytes from autistic toddlers. The upregulated genes from this leukocyte study also matched the expression profiles in response to numerous infectious agents from the Broad Institute molecular signatures database. They also matched genes related to sudden infant death syndrome and autism comorbid conditions (autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes, epilepsy and cardiomyopathy) as well as to estrogen and thyrotropin responses and to those upregulated by different types of stressors including oxidative stress, hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ultraviolet radiation or 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, a hapten used to develop allergic skin reactions in animal models. The oxidative/integrated stress response is also upregulated in the autism brain and may contribute to myelination problems. There was also a marked similarity between the expression signatures of autism and Alzheimer's disease, and 44 shared autism/Alzheimer's disease genes are almost exclusively expressed in the blood-brain barrier. However, in contrast to Alzheimer's disease, levels of the antimicrobial peptide beta-amyloid are decreased and the levels of the neurotrophic/myelinotrophic soluble APP alpha are increased in autism, together with an increased activity of α-secretase. sAPPα induces an increase in glutamatergic and a decrease in GABA-ergic synapses creating and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance that has also been observed in autism. A literature survey showed that multiple autism genes converge on APP processing and that many are able to increase sAPPalpha at the expense of beta-amyloid production. A genetically programmed tilt of this axis towards an overproduction of neurotrophic/gliotrophic sAPPalpha and underproduction of antimicrobial beta-amyloid may explain the brain overgrowth and myelination dysfunction, as well as the involvement of pathogens in autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Carter
- PolygenicPathways, 41C Marina, Saint Leonard's on Sea, TN38 0BU, East Sussex, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang X, Zheng W. Ca 2+ homeostasis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on plasma membrane and cell organelles. FASEB J 2019; 33:6697-6712. [PMID: 30848934 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801751r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that Ca2+ is a vital factor in modulating the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In healthy neurons, Ca2+ concentration is balanced to maintain a lower level in the cytosol than in the extracellular space or certain intracellular compartments such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the lysosome, whereas this homeostasis is broken in AD. On the plasma membrane, the AD hallmarks amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau interact with ligand-gated or voltage-gated Ca2+-influx channels and inhibit the Ca2+-efflux ATPase or exchangers, leading to an elevated intracellular Ca2+ level and disrupted Ca2+ signal. In the ER, the disabled presenilin "Ca2+ leak" function and the direct implications of Aβ and presenilin mutants contribute to Ca2+-signal disorder. The enhanced ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated Ca2+ release from the ER aggravates cytosolic Ca2+ disorder and triggers apoptosis; the down-regulated ER Ca2+ sensor, stromal interaction molecule (STIM), alleviates store-operated Ca2+ entry in plasma membrane, leading to spine loss. The increased transfer of Ca2+ from ER to mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) causes Ca2+ overload in the mitochondrial matrix and consequently opens the cellular damage-related channel, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In this review, we discuss the effects of Aβ, tau and presenilin on neuronal Ca2+ signal, focusing on the receptors and regulators in plasma membrane and ER; we briefly introduce the involvement of MAM-mediated Ca2+ transfer and mPTP opening in AD pathogenesis.-Wang, X., Zheng, W. Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on plasma membrane and cell organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Strickland M, Yacoubi-Loueslati B, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Pender SLF, Larbi A. Relationships Between Ion Channels, Mitochondrial Functions and Inflammation in Human Aging. Front Physiol 2019; 10:158. [PMID: 30881309 PMCID: PMC6405477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is often associated with a loss of function. We believe aging to be more an adaptation to the various, and often continuous, stressors encountered during life in order to maintain overall functionality of the systems. The maladaptation of a system during aging may increase the susceptibility to diseases. There are basic cellular functions that may influence and/or are influenced by aging. Mitochondrial function is amongst these. Their presence in almost all cell types makes of these valuable targets for interventions to slow down or even reserve signs of aging. In this review, the role of mitochondria and essential physiological regulators of mitochondria and cellular functions, ion channels, will be discussed in the context of human aging. The origins of inflamm-aging, associated with poor clinical outcomes, will be linked to mitochondria and ion channel biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Strickland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Besma Yacoubi-Loueslati
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Molecules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Medical School of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sylvia L. F. Pender
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Chinese University of Hong Kong – University of Southampton Joint Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fukunaga K, Izumi H, Yabuki Y, Shinoda Y, Shioda N, Han F. Alzheimer's disease therapeutic candidate SAK3 is an enhancer of T-type calcium channels. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 139:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
29
|
Naderi R, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Abbasnejad M. Extracellular calcium influx through L-type calcium channels, intracellular calcium currents and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling are involved in the abscisic acid-induced precognitive and anti-anxiety effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:582-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
30
|
T-type calcium channel enhancer SAK3 promotes dopamine and serotonin releases in the hippocampus in naive and amyloid precursor protein knock-in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206986. [PMID: 30571684 PMCID: PMC6301769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels in the brain mediate the pathophysiology of epilepsy, pain, and sleep. Recently, we developed a novel therapeutic candidate, SAK3 (ethyl 8'-methyl-2',4-dioxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-2'H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine]-2-ene-3-carboxylate), for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cognitive improvement by SAK3 is closely associated with enhanced acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus. Since monoamines such as dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5-HT) are also involved in hippocampus-dependent learning and psychomotor behaviors in mice, we investigated the effects of SAK3 on these monoamine releases in the mouse brain. Oral administration of SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly promoted DA and 5-HT releases in the naive mouse hippocampal CA1 region but not in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), while SAK3 did not affect NA release in either brain region. The T-type calcium channel-specific inhibitor, NNC 55-0396 (1 μM) significantly antagonized SAK3-enhanced DA and 5-HT releases in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) antagonist, methyllycaconitine (1 nM) significantly inhibited DA release, and the α4 nAChR antagonist, dihydro-β-erythroidine (100 μM) significantly blocked both DA and 5-HT releases following SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) administration in the hippocampus. SAK3 did not alter basal monoamine contents both in the mPFC and hippocampus. SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) administration also significantly elevated DA and 5-HT releases in the hippocampal CA1 region of amyloid-precursor protein (APP)NL-GF knock-in (KI) mice. Moreover, hippocampal DA and 5-HT contents were significantly decreased in APPNL-GF KI mice. Taken together, our data suggest that SAK3 promotes monoamine DA and 5-HT releases by enhancing the T-type calcium channel and nAChR in the mouse hippocampus.
Collapse
|
31
|
Izumi H, Shinoda Y, Saito T, Saido TC, Sato K, Yabuki Y, Matsumoto Y, Kanemitsu Y, Tomioka Y, Abolhassani N, Nakabeppu Y, Fukunaga K. The Disease-modifying Drug Candidate, SAK3 Improves Cognitive Impairment and Inhibits Amyloid beta Deposition in App Knock-in Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 377:87-97. [PMID: 29510211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of elderly dementia in the world. At present, acetylcholine inhibitors, such as donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine, are used for AD therapy, but the therapeutic efficacy is limited. We recently proposed T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels' (T-VGCCs) enhancer as a new therapeutic candidate for AD. In the current study, we confirmed the pharmacokinetics of SAK3 in the plasma and brain of mice using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We also investigated the effects of SAK3 on the major symptoms of AD, such as cognitive dysfunction and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, in AppNL-F knock-in (NL-F) mice, which have been established as an AD model. Chronic SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg/day) oral administration for 3 months from 9 months of age improved cognitive function and inhibited Aβ deposition in 12-month-old NL-F mice. Using microarray and real-time PCR analysis, we discovered serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) as one of possible genes involved in the inhibition of Aβ deposition and improvement of cognitive function by SAK3. These results support the idea that T-VGCC enhancer, SAK3 could be a novel candidate for disease-modifying therapeutics for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanao Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keita Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitomi Kanemitsu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nona Abolhassani
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao Y, Sivaji S, Chiang MC, Ali H, Zukowski M, Ali S, Kennedy B, Sklyar A, Cheng A, Guo Z, Reed AK, Kodali R, Borowski J, Frost G, Beukema P, Wills ZP. Amyloid Beta Peptides Block New Synapse Assembly by Nogo Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of T-Type Calcium Channels. Neuron 2017; 96:355-372.e6. [PMID: 29024660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence links amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with the emergence of learning and memory deficits, yet a clear understanding of the events that drive this synaptic pathology are lacking. We present evidence that neurons exposed to Aβ are unable to form new synapses, resulting in learning deficits in vivo. We demonstrate the Nogo receptor family (NgR1-3) acts as Aβ receptors mediating an inhibition of synapse assembly, plasticity, and learning. Live imaging studies reveal Aβ activates NgRs on the dendritic shaft of neurons, triggering an inhibition of calcium signaling. We define T-type calcium channels as a target of Aβ-NgR signaling, mediating Aβ's inhibitory effects on calcium, synapse assembly, plasticity, and learning. These studies highlight deficits in new synapse assembly as a potential initiator of cognitive pathology in AD, and pinpoint calcium dysregulation mediated by NgRs and T-type channels as key components. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sivaprakash Sivaji
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael C Chiang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Haadi Ali
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Monica Zukowski
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sareen Ali
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bryan Kennedy
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alex Sklyar
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alice Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zihan Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander K Reed
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ravindra Kodali
- Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jennifer Borowski
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Georgia Frost
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick Beukema
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zachary P Wills
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ode KL, Katsumata T, Tone D, Ueda HR. Fast and slow Ca 2+-dependent hyperpolarization mechanisms connect membrane potential and sleep homeostasis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 44:212-221. [PMID: 28575719 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that the sleep-wake state of cortical neurons is regulated not only through neuronal projections from the lower brain, but also through the cortical neurons' intrinsic ability to initiate a slow firing pattern related to the slow-wave oscillation observed in electroencephalography of the sleeping brain. Theoretical modeling and experiments with genetic and pharmacological perturbation suggest that ion channels and kinases acting downstream of calcium signaling regulate the cortical-membrane potential and sleep duration. In this review, we introduce possible Ca2+-dependent hyperpolarization mechanisms in cortical neurons, in which Ca2+ signaling associated with neuronal excitation evokes kinase cascades, and the activated kinases modify ion channels or pumps to regulate the cortical sleep/wake firing mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji L Ode
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Katsumata
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tone
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mikkelsen MF, Björling K, Jensen LJ. Age-dependent impact of Ca V 3.2 T-type calcium channel deletion on myogenic tone and flow-mediated vasodilatation in small arteries. J Physiol 2016; 594:5881-5898. [PMID: 26752249 PMCID: PMC5063926 DOI: 10.1113/jp271470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Blood pressure and flow exert mechanical forces on the walls of small arteries, which are detected by the endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and lead to regulation of the diameter (basal tone) of an artery. CaV 3.2 T-type calcium channels are expressed in the wall of small arteries, although their function remains poorly understood because of the low specificity of T-type blockers. We used mice deficient in CaV 3.2 channels to study their role in pressure- and flow-dependent tone regulation and the possible impact of ageing on this role. In young mice, CaV 3.2 channels oppose pressure-induced vasoconstriction and participate in endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilatation. These effects were not seen in mature adult mice. The results of the present study demonstrate an age-dependent impact of CaV 3.2 T-type calcium channel deletion in rodents and suggest that the loss of CaV 3.2 channel function leads to more constricted arteries, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. ABSTRACT The myogenic response and flow-mediated vasodilatation are important regulators of local blood perfusion and total peripheral resistance, and are known to entail a calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), respectively. CaV 3.2 T-type calcium channels are expressed in both VSMCs and ECs of small arteries. The T-type channels are important drug targets but, as a result of the lack of specific antagonists, our understanding of the role of CaV 3.2 channels in vasomotor tone at various ages is scarce. We evaluated the myogenic response, flow-mediated vasodilatation, structural remodelling and mRNA + protein expression in small mesenteric arteries from CaV 3.2 knockout (CaV 3.2KO) vs. wild-type mice at a young vs. mature adult age. In young mice only, deletion of CaV 3.2 led to an enhanced myogenic response and a ∼50% reduction of flow-mediated vasodilatation. Ni2+ had both CaV 3.2-dependent and independent effects. No changes in mRNA expression of several important K+ and Ca2+ channel genes were induced by CaV 3.2KO However, the expression of the other T-type channel isoform (CaV 3.1) was reduced at the mRNA and protein level in mature adult compared to young wild-type arteries. The results of the present study demonstrate the important roles of the CaV 3.2 T-type calcium channels in myogenic tone and flow-mediated vasodilatation that disappear with ageing. Because increased arterial tone is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, we conclude that CaV 3.2 channels, by modulating pressure- and flow-mediated vasomotor responses to prevent excess arterial tone, protect against cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam F Mikkelsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl Björling
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Jørn Jensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Form and Function of Sleep Spindles across the Lifespan. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6936381. [PMID: 27190654 PMCID: PMC4848449 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6936381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of EEG recordings, sleep spindles have been identified as hallmarks of non-REM sleep. Despite a broad general understanding of mechanisms of spindle generation gleaned from animal studies, the mechanisms underlying certain features of spindles in the human brain, such as “global” versus “local” spindles, are largely unknown. Neither the topography nor the morphology of sleep spindles remains constant throughout the lifespan. It is likely that changes in spindle phenomenology during development and aging are the result of dramatic changes in brain structure and function. Across various developmental windows, spindle activity is correlated with general cognitive aptitude, learning, and memory; however, these correlations vary in strength, and even direction, depending on age and metrics used. Understanding these differences across the lifespan should further clarify how these oscillations are generated and their function under a variety of circumstances. We discuss these issues, and their translational implications for human cognitive function. Because sleep spindles are similarly affected in disorders of neurodevelopment (such as schizophrenia) and during aging (such as neurodegenerative conditions), both types of disorders may benefit from therapies based on a better understanding of spindle function.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review aims to provide a summary of recent developments in the study of gene expression in the aging human brain. RECENT FINDINGS Profiling differentially expressed genes or 'transcripts' in the human brain over the course of normal aging has provided valuable insights into the biological pathways that appear activated or suppressed in late life. Genes mediating neuroinflammation and immune system activation in particular, show significant age-related upregulation creating a state of vulnerability to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease in the aging brain. Cellular ionic dyshomeostasis and age-related decline in a host of molecular influences on synaptic efficacy may underlie neurocognitive decline in later life. Critically, these investigations have also shed light on the mobilization of protective genetic responses within the aging human brain that help determine health and disease trajectories in older age. There is growing interest in the study of pre and posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, and the role of noncoding RNAs in particular, as mediators of the phenotypic diversity that characterizes human brain aging. SUMMARY Gene expression studies in healthy brain aging offer an opportunity to unravel the intricately regulated cellular underpinnings of neurocognitive aging as well as disease risk and resiliency in late life. In doing so, new avenues for early intervention in age-related neurodegenerative disease could be investigated with potentially significant implications for the development of disease-modifying therapies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Spangenberg EE, Lee RJ, Najafi AR, Rice RA, Elmore MRP, Blurton-Jones M, West BL, Green KN. Eliminating microglia in Alzheimer's mice prevents neuronal loss without modulating amyloid-β pathology. Brain 2016; 139:1265-81. [PMID: 26921617 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to amyloid-β plaque and tau neurofibrillary tangle deposition, neuroinflammation is considered a key feature of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Inflammation in Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia surrounding amyloid plaques, implicating their role in disease pathogenesis. Microglia in the healthy adult mouse depend on colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signalling for survival, and pharmacological inhibition of this receptor results in rapid elimination of nearly all of the microglia in the central nervous system. In this study, we set out to determine if chronically activated microglia in the Alzheimer's disease brain are also dependent on CSF1R signalling, and if so, how these cells contribute to disease pathogenesis. Ten-month-old 5xfAD mice were treated with a selective CSF1R inhibitor for 1 month, resulting in the elimination of ∼80% of microglia. Chronic microglial elimination does not alter amyloid-β levels or plaque load; however, it does rescue dendritic spine loss and prevent neuronal loss in 5xfAD mice, as well as reduce overall neuroinflammation. Importantly, behavioural testing revealed improvements in contextual memory. Collectively, these results demonstrate that microglia contribute to neuronal loss, as well as memory impairments in 5xfAD mice, but do not mediate or protect from amyloid pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Spangenberg
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Rafael J Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Allison R Najafi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Rachel A Rice
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Monica R P Elmore
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| | - Brian L West
- Plexxikon Inc., Berkeley, California, 94710, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Coutelier M, Blesneac I, Monteil A, Monin ML, Ando K, Mundwiller E, Brusco A, Le Ber I, Anheim M, Castrioto A, Duyckaerts C, Brice A, Durr A, Lory P, Stevanin G. A Recurrent Mutation in CACNA1G Alters Cav3.1 T-Type Calcium-Channel Conduction and Causes Autosomal-Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:726-37. [PMID: 26456284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cerebellar ataxias (CAs) are neurodegenerative disorders clinically characterized by a cerebellar syndrome, often accompanied by other neurological or non-neurological signs. All transmission modes have been described. In autosomal-dominant CA (ADCA), mutations in more than 30 genes are implicated, but the molecular diagnosis remains unknown in about 40% of cases. Implication of ion channels has long been an ongoing topic in the genetics of CA, and mutations in several channel genes have been recently connected to ADCA. In a large family affected by ADCA and mild pyramidal signs, we searched for the causative variant by combining linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing. In CACNA1G, we identified a c.5144G>A mutation, causing an arginine-to-histidine (p.Arg1715His) change in the voltage sensor S4 segment of the T-type channel protein Cav3.1. Two out of 479 index subjects screened subsequently harbored the same mutation. We performed electrophysiological experiments in HEK293T cells to compare the properties of the p.Arg1715His and wild-type Cav3.1 channels. The current-voltage and the steady-state activation curves of the p.Arg1715His channel were shifted positively, whereas the inactivation curve had a higher slope factor. Computer modeling in deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) neurons suggested that the mutation results in decreased neuronal excitability. Taken together, these data establish CACNA1G, which is highly expressed in the cerebellum, as a gene whose mutations can cause ADCA. This is consistent with the neuropathological examination, which showed severe Purkinje cell loss. Our study further extends our knowledge of the link between calcium channelopathies and CAs.
Collapse
|
39
|
Poetschke C, Dragicevic E, Duda J, Benkert J, Dougalis A, DeZio R, Snutch TP, Striessnig J, Liss B. Compensatory T-type Ca2+ channel activity alters D2-autoreceptor responses of Substantia nigra dopamine neurons from Cav1.3 L-type Ca2+ channel KO mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13688. [PMID: 26381090 PMCID: PMC4585382 DOI: 10.1038/srep13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The preferential degeneration of Substantia nigra dopamine midbrain neurons (SN DA) causes the motor-symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Voltage-gated L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), especially the Cav1.3-subtype, generate an activity-related oscillatory Ca(2+) burden in SN DA neurons, contributing to their degeneration and PD. While LTCC-blockers are already in clinical trials as PD-therapy, age-dependent functional roles of Cav1.3 LTCCs in SN DA neurons remain unclear. Thus, we analysed juvenile and adult Cav1.3-deficient mice with electrophysiological and molecular techniques. To unmask compensatory effects, we compared Cav1.3 KO mice with pharmacological LTCC-inhibition. LTCC-function was not necessary for SN DA pacemaker-activity at either age, but rather contributed to their pacemaker-precision. Moreover, juvenile Cav1.3 KO but not WT mice displayed adult wildtype-like, sensitised inhibitory dopamine-D2-autoreceptor (D2-AR) responses that depended upon both, interaction of the neuronal calcium sensor NCS-1 with D2-ARs, and on voltage-gated T-type calcium channel (TTCC) activity. This functional KO-phenotype was accompanied by cell-specific up-regulation of NCS-1 and Cav3.1-TTCC mRNA. Furthermore, in wildtype we identified an age-dependent switch of TTCC-function from contributing to SN DA pacemaker-precision in juveniles to pacemaker-frequency in adults. This novel interplay of Cav1.3 L-type and Cav3.1 T-type channels, and their modulation of SN DA activity-pattern and D2-AR-sensitisation, provide new insights into flexible age- and calcium-dependent activity-control of SN DA neurons and its pharmacological modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Dragicevic
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johanna Duda
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Benkert
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Antonios Dougalis
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Roberta DeZio
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Terrance P. Snutch
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain and Health and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joerg Striessnig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bacalini MG, Boattini A, Gentilini D, Giampieri E, Pirazzini C, Giuliani C, Fontanesi E, Remondini D, Capri M, Del Rio A, Luiselli D, Vitale G, Mari D, Castellani G, Di Blasio AM, Salvioli S, Franceschi C, Garagnani P. A meta-analysis on age-associated changes in blood DNA methylation: results from an original analysis pipeline for Infinium 450k data. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:97-109. [PMID: 25701668 PMCID: PMC4359692 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a profound remodeling of the epigenetic architecture in terms of DNA methylation patterns. To date the most effective tool to study genome wide DNA methylation changes is Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Infinium 450k). Despite the wealth of tools for Infinium 450k analysis, the identification of the most biologically relevant DNA methylation changes is still challenging. Here we propose an analytical pipeline to select differentially methylated regions (DMRs), tailored on microarray architecture, which is highly effective in highlighting biologically relevant results. The pipeline groups microarray probes on the basis of their localization respect to CpG islands and genic sequences and, depending on probes density, identifies DMRs through a single-probe or a region-centric approach that considers the concomitant variation of multiple adjacent CpG probes. We successfully applied this analytical pipeline on 3 independent Infinium 450k datasets that investigated age-associated changes in blood DNA methylation. We provide a consensus list of genes that systematically vary in DNA methylation levels from 0 to 100 years and that have a potentially relevant role in the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bacalini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.,Personal Genomics S.r.l., Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Alessio Boattini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan 20095, Italy
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Elisa Fontanesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Alberto Del Rio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.,Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF) National Research Council (CNR), Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan 20095, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gastone Castellani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Blasio
- Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan 20095, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.,IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna 40138, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Should they team up to make your brain clock? Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2184-5. [PMID: 25911277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK channels) are important regulators of neuronal excitability in the mammalian nervous system. BK channels are activated by changes in membrane electrical potential and intracellular calcium concentration and play a key role in shaping neuronal action potential. Indeed, under typical physiological conditions, opening of BK channels allows potassium ions to flow outside of the cell leading to membrane repolarization and fast afterhyperpolarization, thus controlling cellular excitability. These aspects are of direct relevance to a new study by Farajnia et al., 2015, reported in this issue of Neurobiology of Aging, on the role of BK channels in aging circadian clock neurons.
Collapse
|
42
|
Weiss N. T-type Ca(2+) channels make your brain smarter. Channels (Austin) 2015; 9:115-6. [PMID: 25891036 PMCID: PMC4594599 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2015.1033599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Weiss
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic ; Prague , Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nenov MN, Tempia F, Denner L, Dineley KT, Laezza F. Impaired firing properties of dentate granule neurons in an Alzheimer's disease animal model are rescued by PPARγ agonism. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:1712-26. [PMID: 25540218 PMCID: PMC4359997 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00419.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) correlates with medial temporal lobe dysfunction, including two areas essential for memory formation: the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus (DG). In the Tg2576 animal model for AD amyloidosis, activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) with rosiglitazone (RSG) ameliorates hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment and restores aberrant synaptic activity at the entorhinal cortex to DG granule neuron inputs. It is unknown, however, whether intrinsic firing properties of DG granule neurons in these animals are affected by amyloid-β pathology and if they are sensitive to RSG treatment. Here, we report that granule neurons from 9-mo-old wild-type and Tg2576 animals can be segregated into two cell types with distinct firing properties and input resistance that correlate with less mature type I and more mature type II neurons. The DG type I cell population was greater than type II in wild-type littermates. In the Tg2576 animals, the type I and type II cell populations were nearly equal but could be restored to wild-type levels through cognitive enhancement with RSG. Furthermore, Tg2576 cell firing frequency and spike after depolarization were decreased in type I and increased in type II cells, both of which could also be restored to wild-type levels upon RSG treatment. That these parameters were restored by PPARγ activation emphasizes the therapeutic value of RSG against early AD cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav N Nenov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Larry Denner
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen M, Nguyen HT. Our "energy-Ca(2+) signaling deficits" hypothesis and its explanatory potential for key features of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:329. [PMID: 25489296 PMCID: PMC4253736 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) has not been explained by any current theories, so new hypotheses are urgently needed. We proposed that "energy and Ca(2+) signaling deficits" are perhaps the earliest modifiable defects in brain aging underlying memory decline and tau deposits (by means of inactivating Ca(2+)-dependent protease calpain). Consistent with this hypothesis, we now notice that at least eight other known calpain substrates have also been reported to accumulate in aging and AD. Thus, protein accumulation or aggregation is not a "pathogenic" event, but occurs naturally and selectively to a peculiar family of proteins, and is best explained by calpain inactivation. Why are only calpain substrates accumulated and how can they stay for decades in the brain without being attacked by many other non-specific proteases there? We believe that these long-lasting puzzles can be explained by calpain's unique properties, especially its unusual specificity and exclusivity in substrate recognition, which can protect the substrates from other proteases' attacks after calpain inactivation. Interestingly, our model, in essence, may also explain tau phosphorylation and the formation of amyloid plaques. Our studies suggest that α-secretase is an energy-/Ca(2+)-dual dependent protease and is also the primary determinant for Aβ levels. Therefore, β- and γ-secretases can only play secondary roles and, by biological laws, they are unlikely to be "positively identified". This study thus raises serious questions for policymakers and researchers and these questions may help explain why sAD can remain an enigma today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Aging Research Laboratory, Research and Development Service, Bay Pines Veterans Affairs Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA ; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Huey T Nguyen
- Aging Research Laboratory, Research and Development Service, Bay Pines Veterans Affairs Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Proft J, Weiss N. T-type Ca(2+) channels: New players in the aging brain. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 7:e28424. [PMID: 24748914 PMCID: PMC3990594 DOI: 10.4161/cib.28424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perhaps one of the most remarkable features of T-type calcium channels is their low-threshold of activation that makes these channels important candidates for calcium entry near the resting membrane potential of neurons. Hence, they mediate low-threshold burst discharges that occur during different forms of neuronal rhythmogenesis, but play also important roles in sensory transmission, as well as hormone and neurotransmitter release. Additionally, they have been implicated in an increasing number of neuronal pathologies including neuropathy, autism spectrum disorders and some forms of epilepsy. More recently, an implication of T-type calcium channel in the processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein was documented, with possible implication in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Proft
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Weiss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|