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Fulton T, Lathan EC, Karkare MC, Guelfo A, Eghbalzad L, Ahluwalia V, Ely TD, Turner JA, Turner MD, Currier JM, Mekawi Y, Fani N. Civilian Moral Injury and Amygdala Functional Connectivity During Attention to Threat. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:112-120. [PMID: 37487958 PMCID: PMC10803642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moral injury references emotional and spiritual/existential suffering that may emerge following psychological trauma. Despite being linked to adverse mental health outcomes, little is known about the neurophysiological mechanisms of this phenomenon. In this study, we examined neural correlates of moral injury exposure and distress using the Moral Injury Exposure and Symptom Scale for Civilians. We also examined potential moderation of these effects by race (Black vs. White individuals) given the likely intersection of race-related stress with moral injury. METHODS Forty-eight adults ages 18 to 65 years (mean age = 30.56, SD = 11.93) completed the Moral Injury Exposure and Symptom Scale for Civilians and an affective attentional control measure, the affective Stroop task (AS), during functional magnetic resonance imaging; the AS includes presentation of threat-relevant and neutral distractor stimuli. Voxelwise functional connectivity of the bilateral amygdala was examined in response to threat-relevant versus neutral AS distractor trials. RESULTS Functional connectivity between the right amygdala and left postcentral gyrus/primary somatosensory cortex was positively correlated with the Moral Injury Exposure and Symptom Scale for Civilians exposure score (voxelwise p < .001, cluster false discovery rate-corrected p < .05) in response to threat versus neutral AS distractor trials. Follow-up analyses revealed significant effects of race; Black but not White participants demonstrated this significant pattern of amygdala-left somatosensory cortex connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Increased exposure to potentially morally injurious events may lead to emotion-somatosensory pathway disruptions during attention to threat-relevant stimuli. These effects may be most potent for individuals who have experienced multilayered exposure to morally injurious events, including racial trauma. Moral injury appears to have a distinct neurobiological signature that involves abnormalities in connectivity of emotion-somatosensory paths, which may be amplified by race-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Fulton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Molecular and Systems Pharmacology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emma C Lathan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maya C Karkare
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alfonsina Guelfo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leyla Eghbalzad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vishwadeep Ahluwalia
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Timothy D Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Joseph M Currier
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Yara Mekawi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Bautista J, García-Cabezas MÁ, Medalla M, Rosene DL, Zikopoulos B, Barbas H. Pattern of ventral temporal lobe interconnections in rhesus macaques. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1963-1986. [PMID: 37919833 PMCID: PMC11142421 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex (EC, A28) is linked through reciprocal pathways with nearby perirhinal and visual, auditory, and multimodal association cortices in the temporal lobe, in pathways associated with the flow of information for memory processing. The density and laminar organization of these pathways is not well understood in primates. We studied interconnections within the ventral temporal lobe in young adult rhesus monkeys of both sexes with the aid of neural tracers injected in temporal areas (Ts1, Ts2, TE1, area 36, temporal polar area TPro, and area 28) to determine the density and laminar distribution of projection neurons within the temporal lobe. These temporal areas can be categorized into three different cortical types based on their laminar architecture: the sensory association areas Ts1, Ts2, and TE1 have six layers (eulaminate); the perirhinal limbic areas TPro and area 36 have an incipient layer IV (dysgranular); and area 28 lacks layer IV (agranular). We found that (1) temporal areas that are similar in laminar architecture by cortical type are strongly interconnected, and (2) the laminar pattern of connections is dependent on the difference in cortical laminar structure between linked areas. Thus, agranular A28 is more strongly connected with other agranular/dysgranular areas than with eulaminate cortices. Further, A28 predominantly projected via feedback-like pathways that originated in the deep layers, and received feedforward-like projections from areas of greater laminar differentiation, which emanated from the upper layers. Our results are consistent with the Structural Model, which relates the density and laminar distribution of connections to the relationship of the laminar structure between the linked areas. These connections were viewed in the context of the inhibitory microenvironment of A28, which is the key recipient of pathways from the cortex and of the output of hippocampus. Our findings revealed a higher population of calretinin (CR)-expressing neurons in EC, with a significantly higher density in its lateral division. Medial EC had a higher density of CR neurons in the deep layers, particularly in layer Va. In contrast, parvalbumin (PV) neurons were more densely distributed in the deep layers of the lateral subdivisions of rostral EC, especially in layer Va, whereas the densities of calbindin (CB) neurons in the medial and lateral EC were comparable in all layers, except for layer IIIa, in which medial EC had a higher CB population than the lateral. The pattern of connections in the inhibitory microenvironment of EC, which sends and receives input from the hippocampus, may shed light on signal propagation in this network associated with diverse aspects of memory, and disruptions in neurologic and psychiatric diseases that affect this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julied Bautista
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miguel Á. García-Cabezas
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Barbas
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zeisler ZR, London L, Janssen WG, Fredericks JM, Elorette C, Fujimoto A, Zhan H, Russ BE, Clem RL, Hof PR, Stoll FM, Rudebeck PH. Single basolateral amygdala neurons in macaques exhibit distinct connectional motifs with frontal cortex. Neuron 2023; 111:3307-3320.e5. [PMID: 37857091 PMCID: PMC10593429 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Basolateral amygdala (BLA) projects widely across the macaque frontal cortex, and amygdalo-frontal projections are critical for appropriate emotional responding and decision making. While it is appreciated that single BLA neurons branch and project to multiple areas in frontal cortex, the organization and frequency of this branching has yet to be fully characterized. Here, we determined the projection patterns of more than 3,000 macaque BLA neurons. We found that one-third of BLA neurons had two or more distinct projection targets in frontal cortex and subcortical structures. The patterns of single BLA neuron projections to multiple areas were organized into repeating motifs that targeted distinct sets of areas in medial and ventral frontal cortex, indicative of separable BLA networks. Our findings begin to reveal the rich structure of single-neuron connections in the non-human primate brain, providing a neuroanatomical basis for the role of BLA in coordinating brain-wide responses to valent stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Zeisler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Liza London
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - William G Janssen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Microscopy and Advanced Bioimaging CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - J Megan Fredericks
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Catherine Elorette
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Atsushi Fujimoto
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Huiqing Zhan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Syosset, NY 11791, USA
| | - Brian E Russ
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University at Langone, One, 8 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Roger L Clem
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Frederic M Stoll
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter H Rudebeck
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Mueller SA, Oler JA, Roseboom PH, Aggarwal N, Kenwood MM, Riedel MK, Elam VR, Olsen ME, DiFilippo AH, Christian BT, Hu X, Galvan A, Boehm MA, Michaelides M, Kalin NH. DREADD-mediated amygdala activation is sufficient to induce anxiety-like responses in young nonhuman primates. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100111. [PMID: 38020807 PMCID: PMC10663133 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with symptoms often beginning early in life. To model the pathophysiology of human pathological anxiety, we utilized Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) in a nonhuman primate model of anxious temperament to selectively increase neuronal activity of the amygdala. Subjects included 10 young rhesus macaques; 5 received bilateral infusions of AAV5-hSyn-HA-hM3Dq into the dorsal amygdala, and 5 served as controls. Subjects underwent behavioral testing in the human intruder paradigm following clozapine or vehicle administration, prior to and following surgery. Behavioral results indicated that clozapine treatment post-surgery increased freezing across different threat-related contexts in hM3Dq subjects. This effect was again observed approximately 1.9 years following surgery, indicating the long-term functional capacity of DREADD-induced neuronal activation. [11C]deschloroclozapine PET imaging demonstrated amygdala hM3Dq-HA specific binding, and immunohistochemistry revealed that hM3Dq-HA expression was most prominent in basolateral nuclei. Electron microscopy confirmed expression was predominantly on neuronal membranes. Together, these data demonstrate that activation of primate amygdala neurons is sufficient to induce increased anxiety-related behaviors, which could serve as a model to investigate pathological anxiety in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha A.L. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Oler
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Patrick H. Roseboom
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Nakul Aggarwal
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Margaux M. Kenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marissa K. Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Victoria R. Elam
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Miles E. Olsen
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Alexandra H. DiFilippo
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Bradley T. Christian
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xing Hu
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Matthew A. Boehm
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ned H. Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
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5
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Sancha-Velasco A, Uceda-Heras A, García-Cabezas MÁ. Cortical type: a conceptual tool for meaningful biological interpretation of high-throughput gene expression data in the human cerebral cortex. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1187280. [PMID: 37426901 PMCID: PMC10323436 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1187280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of massive high-throughput gene expression data requires computational and biological analyses to identify statistically and biologically significant differences, respectively. There are abundant sources that describe computational tools for statistical analysis of massive gene expression data but few address data analysis for biological significance. In the present article we exemplify the importance of selecting the proper biological context in the human brain for gene expression data analysis and interpretation. For this purpose, we use cortical type as conceptual tool to make predictions about gene expression in areas of the human temporal cortex. We predict that the expression of genes related to glutamatergic transmission would be higher in areas of simpler cortical type, the expression of genes related to GABAergic transmission would be higher in areas of more complex cortical type, and the expression of genes related to epigenetic regulation would be higher in areas of simpler cortical type. Then, we test these predictions with gene expression data from several regions of the human temporal cortex obtained from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. We find that the expression of several genes shows statistically significant differences in agreement with the predicted gradual expression along the laminar complexity gradient of the human cortex, suggesting that simpler cortical types may have greater glutamatergic excitability and epigenetic turnover compared to more complex types; on the other hand, complex cortical types seem to have greater GABAergic inhibitory control compared to simpler types. Our results show that cortical type is a good predictor of synaptic plasticity, epigenetic turnover, and selective vulnerability in human cortical areas. Thus, cortical type can provide a meaningful context for interpreting high-throughput gene expression data in the human cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Sancha-Velasco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Master Program in Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Uceda-Heras
- Master Program in Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience UAM-Cajal, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Master Program in Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience UAM-Cajal, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Mueller SAL, Oler JA, Roseboom PH, Aggarwal N, Kenwood MM, Riedel MK, Elam VR, Olsen ME, DiFilippo AH, Christian BT, Hu X, Galvan A, Boehm MA, Michaelides M, Kalin NH. DREADD-mediated amygdala activation is sufficient to induce anxiety-like responses in young nonhuman primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.543911. [PMID: 37333300 PMCID: PMC10274719 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with symptoms often beginning early in life. To model the pathophysiology of human pathological anxiety, we utilized Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) in a nonhuman primate model of anxious temperament to selectively increase neuronal activity of the amygdala. Subjects included 10 young rhesus macaques; 5 received bilateral infusions of AAV5-hSyn-HA-hM3Dq into the dorsal amygdala, and 5 served as controls. Subjects underwent behavioral testing in the human intruder paradigm following clozapine or vehicle administration, prior to and following surgery. Behavioral results indicated that clozapine treatment post-surgery increased freezing across different threat-related contexts in hM3Dq subjects. This effect was again observed approximately 1.9 years following surgery, indicating the long-term functional capacity of DREADD-induced neuronal activation. [11C]deschloroclozapine PET imaging demonstrated amygdala hM3Dq-HA specific binding, and immunohistochemistry revealed that hM3Dq-HA expression was most prominent in basolateral nuclei. Electron microscopy confirmed expression was predominantly on neuronal membranes. Together, these data demonstrate that activation of primate amygdala neurons is sufficient to induce increased anxiety-related behaviors, which could serve as a model to investigate pathological anxiety in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha A L Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Jonathan A Oler
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Patrick H Roseboom
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Nakul Aggarwal
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Margaux M Kenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marissa K Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Victoria R Elam
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Miles E Olsen
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Alexandra H DiFilippo
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xing Hu
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Matthew A Boehm
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ned H Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719, USA
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Delavari F, Rafi H, Sandini C, Murray RJ, Latrèche C, Van De Ville D, Eliez S. Amygdala subdivisions exhibit aberrant whole-brain functional connectivity in relation to stress intolerance and psychotic symptoms in 22q11.2DS. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:145. [PMID: 37142582 PMCID: PMC10160125 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is a key region in emotional regulation, which is often impaired in psychosis. However, it is unclear if amygdala dysfunction directly contributes to psychosis, or whether it contributes to psychosis through symptoms of emotional dysregulation. We studied the functional connectivity of amygdala subdivisions in patients with 22q11.2DS, a known genetic model for psychosis susceptibility. We investigated how dysmaturation of each subdivision's connectivity contributes to positive psychotic symptoms and impaired tolerance to stress in deletion carriers. Longitudinally-repeated MRI scans from 105 patients with 22q11.2DS (64 at high-risk for psychosis and 37 with impaired tolerance to stress) and 120 healthy controls between the ages of 5 to 30 years were included. We calculated seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity for amygdalar subdivisions and employed a longitudinal multivariate approach to evaluate the developmental trajectory of functional connectivity across groups. Patients with 22q11.2DS presented a multivariate pattern of decreased basolateral amygdala (BLA)-frontal connectivity alongside increased BLA-hippocampal connectivity. Moreover, associations between developmental drops in centro-medial amygdala (CMA)-frontal connectivity to both impaired tolerance to stress and positive psychotic symptoms in deletion carriers were detected. Superficial amygdala hyperconnectivity to the striatum was revealed as a specific pattern arising in patients who develop mild to moderate positive psychotic symptoms. Overall, CMA-frontal dysconnectivity was found as a mutual neurobiological substrate in both impaired tolerance to stress and psychosis, suggesting a role in prodromal dysregulation of emotions in psychosis. While BLA dysconnectivity was found to be an early finding in patients with 22q11.2DS, which contributes to impaired tolerance to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Delavari
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Halima Rafi
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Sandini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ryan J Murray
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caren Latrèche
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kovacs-Balint ZA, Raper J, Richardson R, Gopakumar A, Kettimuthu KP, Higgins M, Feczko E, Earl E, Ethun KF, Li L, Styner M, Fair D, Bachevalier J, Sanchez MM. The role of puberty on physical and brain development: A longitudinal study in male Rhesus Macaques. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101237. [PMID: 37031512 PMCID: PMC10114189 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the role of male pubertal maturation on physical growth and development of neurocircuits that regulate stress, emotional and cognitive control using a translational nonhuman primate model. We collected longitudinal data from male macaques between pre- and peri-puberty, including measures of physical growth, pubertal maturation (testicular volume, blood testosterone -T- concentrations) and brain structural and resting-state functional MRI scans to examine developmental changes in amygdala (AMY), hippocampus (HIPPO), prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as functional connectivity (FC) between those regions. Physical growth and pubertal measures increased from pre- to peri-puberty. The indexes of pubertal maturation -testicular size and T- were correlated at peri-puberty, but not at pre-puberty (23 months). Our findings also showed ICV, AMY, HIPPO and total PFC volumetric growth, but with region-specific changes in PFC. Surprisingly, FC in these neural circuits only showed developmental changes from pre- to peri-puberty for HIPPO-orbitofrontal FC. Finally, testicular size was a better predictor of brain structural maturation than T levels -suggesting gonadal hormones-independent mechanisms-, whereas T was a strong predictor of functional connectivity development. We expect that these neural circuits will show more drastic pubertal-dependent maturation, including stronger associations with pubertal measures later, during and after male puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Kovacs-Balint
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - J Raper
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Dept. of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - R Richardson
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - A Gopakumar
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - K P Kettimuthu
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - M Higgins
- Office of Nursing Research, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - E Feczko
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - E Earl
- Dept. of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - K F Ethun
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - L Li
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Marcus Autism Center; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Styner
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - D Fair
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - J Bachevalier
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - M M Sanchez
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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9
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Zhou Q, Du J, Gao R, Hu S, Yu T, Wang Y, Pan NC. Discriminative neural pathways for perception-cognition activity of color and face in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1972-1984. [PMID: 35580851 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human performance can be examined using a visual lens. The identification of psychophysical colors and emotional faces with perceptual visual pathways may remain invalid for simple detection tasks. In particular, how the visual dorsal and ventral processing streams handle discriminative visual perceptions and subsequent cognition activities are obscure. We explored these issues using stereoelectroencephalography recordings, which were obtained from patients with pharmacologically resistant epilepsy. Delayed match-to-sample paradigms were used for analyzing the processing of simple colors and complex emotional faces in the human brain. We showed that the angular-cuneus gyrus acts as a pioneer in discriminating the 2 features, and dorsal regions, including the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and postcentral gyrus, as well as ventral regions, such as the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), were involved in processing incongruent colors and faces. Critically, the beta and gamma band activities between the cuneus and MTG and between the cuneus and pSTS would tune a separate pathway of incongruency processing. In addition, posterior insular gyrus, fusiform, and MFG were found for attentional modulation of the 2 features via alpha band activities. These findings suggest the neural basis of the discriminative pathways of perception-cognition activities in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jialin Du
- Department of Pharmacy Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Runshi Gao
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Institute of sleep and consciousness disorders, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Na Clara Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
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10
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Zeisler ZR, London L, Janssen WG, Fredericks JM, Elorette C, Fujimoto A, Zhan H, Russ BE, Clem RL, Hof PR, Stoll FM, Rudebeck PH. High-throughput sequencing of macaque basolateral amygdala projections reveals dissociable connectional motifs with frontal cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.18.524407. [PMID: 36711708 PMCID: PMC9882200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.524407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) projects widely across the macaque frontal cortex1-4, and amygdalo-frontal projections are critical for optimal emotional responding5 and decision-making6. Yet, little is known about the single-neuron architecture of these projections: namely, whether single BLA neurons project to multiple parts of the frontal cortex. Here, we use MAPseq7 to determine the projection patterns of over 3000 macaque BLA neurons. We found that one-third of BLA neurons have two or more distinct targets in parts of frontal cortex and of subcortical structures. Further, we reveal non-random structure within these branching patterns such that neurons with four targets are more frequently observed than those with two or three, indicative of widespread networks. Consequently, these multi-target single neurons form distinct networks within medial and ventral frontal cortex consistent with their known functions in regulating mood and decision-making. Additionally, we show that branching patterns of single neurons shape functional networks in the brain as assessed by fMRI-based functional connectivity. These results provide a neuroanatomical basis for the role of the BLA in coordinating brain-wide responses to valent stimuli8 and highlight the importance of high-resolution neuroanatomical data for understanding functional networks in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Zeisler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - Liza London
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - William G Janssen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
- Microscopy and Advanced Bioimaging CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - J Megan Fredericks
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - Catherine Elorette
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - Atsushi Fujimoto
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - Huiqing Zhan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Rd, Syosset, NY 11791
| | - Brian E Russ
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10 Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University at Langone, One, 8 Park Ave, New York, NY 10016
| | - Roger L Clem
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - Frederic M Stoll
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - Peter H Rudebeck
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
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11
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Sutherland BD, Viera Perez PM, Crooks KE, Flannery JS, Hill-Bowen LD, Riedel MC, Laird AR, Trucco EM, Sutherland MT. The association of amygdala-insula functional connectivity and adolescent e-cigarette use via sleep problems and depressive symptoms. Addict Behav 2022; 135:107458. [PMID: 35998541 PMCID: PMC9730909 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use remains high. Elucidating contributing factors may enhance prevention strategies. Neurobiologically, amygdala-insula resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) has been linked with aspects of sleep, affect, and substance use (SU). As such, we hypothesized that amygdala's rsFC with the insula would be associated with e-cigarette use via sleep problems and/or depression levels. METHODS An adolescent sample (N = 146) completed a rs-fMRI scan at time 1 and self-reports at time 2 (∼15 months later). Given consistent associations between mental health outcomes and the rsFC of the laterobasal amygdala (lbAMY) with the anterior insula, we utilized a seed region (lbAMY) to region of interest (ROI) analysis approach to characterize brain-behavior relationships. Two serial mediation models tested the interrelations between amygdala's rsFC with distinct anterior insula subregions (i.e., ventral insula [vI], dorsal insula [dI]), sleep problems, depression levels, and days of e-cigarette use. RESULTS An indirect effect was observed when considering the lbAMY's rsFC with the vI. Greater rsFC predicted more sleep problems, more sleep problems were linked with greater depressive symptoms, and greater depressive symptoms were associated with more e-cigarette use (indirect effect = 0.08, CI [0.01,0.21]). Indicative of a neurobiological dissociation, a similar indirect effect linking these variables was not observed when considering the lbAMY's rsFC with the dI (indirect effect = 0.03, CI [-0.001,0.10]). CONCLUSIONS These outcomes highlight functional interactions between the amygdala and insula as a neurobiological contributor to sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and ultimately SU thereby suggesting potential intervention points to reduce teen e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katharine E Crooks
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jessica S Flannery
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren D Hill-Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew T Sutherland
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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12
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Exercise Modulates Brain Glucose Utilization Response to Acute Cocaine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12121976. [PMID: 36556197 PMCID: PMC9788493 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise, a proven method of boosting health and wellness, is thought to act as a protective factor against many neurological and psychological diseases. Recent studies on exercise and drug exposure have pinpointed some of the neurological mechanisms that may characterize this protective factor. Using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques and the glucose analog [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), our team sought to identify how chronic aerobic exercise modulates brain glucose metabolism (BGluM) after drug-naïve rats were exposed to an acute dose of cocaine. Using sedentary rats as a control group, we observed significant differences in regional BGluM. Chronic treadmill exercise treatment coupled with acute cocaine exposure induced responses in BGluM activity in the following brain regions: postsubiculum (Post), parasubiculum (PaS), granular and dysgranular insular cortex (GI and DI, respectively), substantia nigra reticular (SNR) and compact part dorsal tier (SNCD), temporal association cortex (TeA), entopenduncular nucleus (EP), and crus 1 of the ansiform lobule (crus 1). Inhibition, characterized by decreased responses due to our exercise, was found in the ventral endopiriform nucleus (VEn). These areas are associated with memory and various motor functions. They also include and share connections with densely dopaminergic areas of the mesolimbic system. In conclusion, these findings suggest that treadmill exercise in rats mediates brain glucose response to an acute dose of cocaine differently as compared to sedentary rats. The modulated brain glucose utilization occurs in brain regions responsible for memory and association, spatial navigation, and motor control as well as corticomesolimbic regions related to reward, emotion, and movement.
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13
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Karimi M, Farahani S, Nasirinezhad F, Jalaei S, Mokrian H, Shahbazi A. Does insular cortex lesion cause tinnitus in rats? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1177-1182. [PMID: 36311202 PMCID: PMC9588320 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.63698.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Tinnitus is defined as ringing of the ears that is experienced when there is no external sound source, and is an auditory phantom sensation. The insula as a multimodal cortex has been shown to be involved in the processing of auditory stimuli rather than other sensory and motor processing and reported to correlate with some aspects of tinnitus. However, its exact role is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of excitotoxic lesions limited to the insular cortex on the ability to detect a gap in background noise. Materials and Methods Gap detection test and prepulse inhibition, two objective measurements of auditory startle response, were measured, in 33 male Wistar rats, before and up to four weeks after insular lesion in three experimental groups (sham, control, and lesion). Results The ability to detect the gap interposed between 60 db background noise was impaired at weeks 2, 3, and 4 following insular lesion, while prepulse inhibition remained intact up to four weeks after surgery. Conclusion These findings indicated that excitotoxic lesions of the insular cortex may produce a tinnitus-like phenomenon in rats while sparing the hearing sensitivity; suggesting that the insular cortex may have a role in the development of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Karimi
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Farahani
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Jalaei
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helnaz Mokrian
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shahbazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Ali Shahbazi. Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemat Highway next to Milad Tower 1449614535, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-86704833;
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhou W, Huang J, Hong B, Wang X. Neural correlates of perceived emotions in human insula and amygdala for auditory emotion recognition. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119502. [PMID: 35878727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emotional status of a speaker is an important non-linguistic cue carried by human voice and can be perceived by a listener in vocal communication. Understanding the neural circuits involved in processing emotions carried by human voice is crucial for understanding the neural basis of social interaction. Previous studies have shown that human insula and amygdala responded more selectively to emotional sounds than non-emotional sounds. However, it is not clear whether the neural selectivity to emotional sounds in these brain structures is determined by the emotion presented by a speaker which is associated with the acoustic properties of the sounds or by the emotion perceived by a listener. In this study, we recorded intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) responses to emotional human voices while subjects performed emotion recognition tasks. We found that the iEEG responses of Heschl's gyrus (HG) and posterior insula were determined by the presented emotion, whereas the iEEG responses of anterior insula and amygdala were driven by the perceived emotion. These results suggest that the anterior insula and amygdala play a crucial role in conscious perception of emotions carried by human voice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing 100040, PR China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Bo Hong
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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15
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Das A, Myers J, Mathura R, Shofty B, Metzger BA, Bijanki K, Wu C, Jacobs J, Sheth SA. Spontaneous neuronal oscillations in the human insula are hierarchically organized traveling waves. eLife 2022; 11:76702. [PMID: 35616527 PMCID: PMC9200407 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The insula plays a fundamental role in a wide range of adaptive human behaviors, but its electrophysiological dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we used human intracranial electroencephalographic recordings to investigate the electrophysiological properties and hierarchical organization of spontaneous neuronal oscillations within the insula. We analyzed the neuronal oscillations of the insula directly and found that rhythms in the theta and beta frequency oscillations are widespread and spontaneously present. These oscillations are largely organized along the anterior–posterior (AP) axis of the insula. Both the left and right insula showed anterior-to-posterior decreasing gradients for the power of oscillations in the beta frequency band. The left insula also showed a posterior-to-anterior decreasing frequency gradient and an anterior-to-posterior decreasing power gradient in the theta frequency band. In addition to measuring the power of these oscillations, we also examined the phase of these signals across simultaneous recording channels and found that the insula oscillations in the theta and beta bands are traveling waves. The strength of the traveling waves in each frequency was positively correlated with the amplitude of each oscillation. However, the theta and beta traveling waves were uncoupled to each other in terms of phase and amplitude, which suggested that insular traveling waves in the theta and beta bands operate independently. Our findings provide new insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics and hierarchical organization of neuronal oscillations within the insula, which, given its rich connectivity with widespread cortical regions, indicates that oscillations and traveling waves have an important role in intrainsular and interinsular communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - John Myers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Raissa Mathura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Ben Shofty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Brian A Metzger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Kelly Bijanki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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16
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Kato Y, Yachi K, Hoshi H, Okada T, Shigihara Y. Two Distinct Neural Mechanisms Underlying Acupuncture Analgesia. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:869884. [PMID: 35663250 PMCID: PMC9159800 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.869884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture analgesia is a traditional treatment with a long history, although it lacks scientific evidence. It is reportedly associated with the central nervous system, including various brain regions, from the cortices to the brain stem. However, it remains unclear whether the distributed regions behave as a single unit or consist of multiple sub-units playing different roles. Magnetoencephalography is a neuroimaging technique that can measure the oscillatory frequency of neural signals and brain regions. The frequency band of neural signals allows further understanding of the characteristics of the acupuncture-related neural systems. This study measured resting-state brain activity using magnetoencephalography in 21 individuals with chronic pain before and after acupuncture treatment. The subjective level of pain was assessed using a visual analog scale, and brain activity was compared to identify the brain regions and the frequencies associated with acupuncture analgesia. Here, we categorized the changes in resting-state brain activity into two groups: low-frequency oscillatory activity (<3 Hz) in the left middle occipital and right superior partial lobule and high-frequency oscillatory activity (81–120 Hz) on both sides of the prefrontal, primary sensory, and right fusiform gyri. These findings suggest that acupuncture analgesia influences two or more sub-units of the neural systems, which helps us understand the neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Kato
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
- Acupuncture Centre, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yachi
- Acupuncture Centre, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
- Acupuncture Clinic Kaikido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hoshi
- Precision Medicine Centre, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Toyoji Okada
- Clinical Laboratory, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shigihara
- Precision Medicine Centre, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshihito Shigihara
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17
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He Y, Li L, Liu J. The whole-brain voxel-based morphometry study in early stage of T2DM patients. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2497. [PMID: 35138040 PMCID: PMC8933776 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the alterations in whole-brain gray matter density in early stage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with cognitive impairment using magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Thirty-six cases of early stage T2DM patients with cognitive impairment (T2DM-CI), 34 cases of early stage T2DM patients without cognitive impairment (T2DM) and 30 cases of healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were used to identify the cognitive impairment. The whole-brain gray matter density was analyzed using 3D-T1 BRAVO imaging, using the voxel-based morphometry method on T1 structure imaging of two groups. RESULTS The correlation analysis of total gray matter density with MMSE and MoCA scores in the T2DM-CI group was performed. There were no significant differences in MMSE and MoCA scores between the HC and T2DM groups. However, the MMSE and MoCA scores in the T2DM-CI group were significantly reduced compared with the T2DM group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, education, body mass index (BMI) or blood pressure among the three groups. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) results showed that the density of left triangle part of inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus and opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus and left insula in the T2DM-CI group decreased compared with the T2DM group. Correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between total gray matter density and scores of MMSE and MoCA scores in the T2DM-CI group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, total gray matter density is positively correlated with the scores of MMSE and MoCA in T2DM patients, which may be an early sign of cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana He
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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18
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Lai H, Kong X, Zhao Y, Pan N, Zhang X, He M, Wang S, Gong Q. Patterns of a structural covariance network associated with dispositional optimism during late adolescence. Neuroimage 2022; 251:119009. [PMID: 35182752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispositional optimism (hereinafter, optimism), as a vital character strength, reflects the tendency to hold generalized positive expectancies for future outcomes. A great number of studies have consistently shown the importance of optimism to a spectrum of physical and mental health outcomes. However, less attention has been given to the intrinsic neurodevelopmental patterns associated with interindividual differences in optimism. Here, we investigated this important question in a large sample comprising 231 healthy adolescents (16-20 years old) via structural magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests. We constructed individual structural covariance networks based on cortical gyrification using a recent novel approach combining probability density estimation and Kullback-Leibler divergence and estimated global (global efficiency, local efficiency and small-worldness) and regional (betweenness centrality) properties of these constructed networks using graph theoretical analysis. Partial correlations adjusted for age, sex and estimated total intracranial volume showed that optimism was positively related to global and local efficiency but not small-worldness. Partial least squares correlations indicated that optimism was positively linked to a pronounced betweenness centrality pattern, in which twelve cognition-, emotion-, and motivation-related regions made robust and reliable contributions. These findings remained basically consistent after additionally controlling for family socioeconomic status and showed significant correlations with optimism scores from 2.5 years before, which replicated the main findings. The current work, for the first time, delineated characteristics of the cortical gyrification covariance network associated with optimism, extending previous neurobiological understandings of optimism, which may navigate the development of interventions on a neural network level aimed at raising optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min He
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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19
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Fuchs TA, Vaughn CB, Benedict RHB, Weinstock-Guttman B, Bergsland N, Jakimovski D, Ramasamy D, Zivadinov R, Dwyer MG. Patient-Reported Outcome Severity and Emotional Salience Network Disruption in Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1252-1259. [PMID: 34985619 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall burden of white matter damage is associated with increased self-report fatigue severity in people with multiple sclerosis. However, a paradoxically opposite association was reported for white matter damage to tracts in specific subnetworks including the amygdala, temporal pole, and insula. Based on neuroanatomical principles and other data from the literature, we hypothesized that these results might be indicative of a broader relationship between damage to these subnetworks and impaired recognition of negative emotional salience central to patient-reported outcomes. OBJECTIVE We examined whether damage in the same previously-identified subnetworks is also associated with lower self-report depressive symptoms, something which may be decreased in individuals with impaired recognition of negative emotional salience. Other patient characteristics were also explored. METHODS In a cohort of 137 people with multiple sclerosis, we measured location-specific network white matter tract damage in the proposed negative emotional salience network, along with self-report severity of depressive symptoms and cognitive problems, personality characteristics, objective cognitive performance, and physical disability. We applied regression analyses, accounting for lesion burden, to explore the relationship between damage in the proposed negative emotional salience network and these factors. RESULTS We found disruption within the negative emotional salience network is associated with lower self-report depressive symptoms (β = -0.277, p = 0.036), cognitive complaints (r = -0.196, p = 0.024) and personality trait Neuroticism (r = -0.179, p = 0.042). In contrast, damage within this network was not significantly associated with objective cognitive processing speed, personality trait Openness, or physical disability. CONCLUSION The identified network may be a generalizable network which corresponds to the recognition of negative emotional salience, but not to objective factors such as processing speed and physical disability. Damage to this network may paradoxically buffer against negative emotional perception of symptom severity, central to patient-reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Fuchs
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| | - Caila B Vaughn
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ralph H B Benedict
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- IRCSS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Deepa Ramasamy
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Dwyer
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 100 High St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
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20
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Li D, Liu R, Meng L, Xiong P, Ren H, Zhang L, Gao Y. Abnormal Ventral Somatomotor Network Homogeneity in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:877956. [PMID: 35782421 PMCID: PMC9247252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.877956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of functional connectivity in the somatomotor network have been thought to play an essential role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. However, there has been no network homogeneity (NH) study about the ventral somatomotor network (VSN) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Therefore, we explored the NH of the VSN in TLE patients in this study. METHODS The sample included 52 patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy, 83 patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy, and 68 healthy controls. The NH method was utilized to analyze the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. RESULTS Compared to the controls, rTLE patients had significantly higher NH in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, and significantly lower NH in the bilateral Rolandic operculum and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). The NH values of the left postcentral gyrus were significantly higher in lTLE patients than in the healthy controls, and lTLE patients had lower NH in the right Rolandic operculum. The altered NH in the postcentral gyrus was negatively correlated with the illness duration, and the decreased NH in the left Rolandic operculum was negatively correlated with the executive control reaction time (ECRT). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that altered NH of the postcentral gyrus, Rolandic operculum and STG might be associated with the pathophysiology of TLE, and thus, highlight the contribution of the VSN to the pathophysiology of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ruoshi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.,Department of Sleep, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingan Xiong
- Department of Taihe Hospital Reproductive Medicine Center Affiliated To Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated To Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujun Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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McIntosh MK, Levy R. The Dostoyevsky effect: epileptogenesis and memory enhancement after kindling stimulation in the primate basolateral amygdala. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:1325-1329. [PMID: 34891529 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Kindling is an electrical stimulation technique used to lower the threshold for epileptogenic activity in the brain. It can also be used as a tool to investigate electrophysiologic alterations that occur as a result of seizures. Epileptiform activity, like seizures and after-discharges (AD; evoked epileptiform activity), commonly cause memory impairment but rarely, can elicit vivid memory retrieval. We kindled the basolateral amygdala of a non-human primate (NHP) once weekly and had him perform a spatial memory task in a 3D virtual environment before, during and after kindling. AD were associated with an initial average performance increase of 46.6%. The enhancement which followed AD persisted up to 2 days. Memory task performance enhancement was accompanied by significant resetting of hippocampal theta oscillations and robust hippocampal potentiation as measured by field evoked potentials. However, neither lasted throughout the duration of performance enhancement. Sharp-wave ripples (SWR), a local field event that supports episodic memory, were generated more often throughout the period of enhancement. SWR rate increased from 14.38 SWR per min before kindling to 24.22 SWR per min after kindling on average. Our results show that kindling can be associated with improved memory. Memory function appears to depend on the particular induction circuit and the resultant excitation/inhibition ratio of the mesial temporal lobe network. Investigating the electrophysiologic underpinnings of this observed memory enhancement is an important step towards understanding the network alterations that occur after seizures and stimulation.Clinical Relevance- Our findings provide new insight into the effects of kindling stimulation in the primate brain. Kindling can cause increase MTL synchrony and the frequency of spontaneous seizures in a primate. This work highlights important considerations for therapeutic deep brain stimulation.
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22
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Pincus M, Godfrey JR, Feczko E, Earl E, Miranda-Dominguez O, Fair D, Wilson ME, Sanchez MM, Kelly C. Chronic psychosocial stress and experimental pubertal delay affect socioemotional behavior and amygdala functional connectivity in adolescent female rhesus macaques. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 127:105154. [PMID: 33647571 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In females, pubertal onset appears to signal the opening of a window of increased vulnerability to the effects of stress on neurobehavioral development. What is the impact of pubertal timing on this process? We assessed the effects of pubertal timing and stress on behavior and amygdala functional connectivity (FC) in adolescent female macaques, whose social hierarchy provides an ethologically valid model of chronic psychosocial stress. Monkeys experienced puberty spontaneously (n = 34) or pubertal delay via Lupron treatment from age 16-33 months (n = 36). We examined the effects of stress (continuous dimension spanning dominant/low-stress to subordinate/high-stress) and experimental pubertal delay (Lupron-treated vs. Control) on socioemotional behavior and FC at 43-46 months, after all animals had begun puberty. Regardless of treatment, subordinate monkeys were more submissive and less affiliative, and exhibited weaker FC between amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and stronger FC between amygdala and temporal pole. Regardless of social rank, Lupron-treated monkeys were also more submissive and less affiliative but were less anxious and exhibited less displacement behavior in a "Human Intruder" task than untreated monkeys; they exhibited stronger FC between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. No interactions between rank and Lupron treatment were observed. These similar behavioral outcomes may reflect the common factor of delayed puberty - whether this is stress-related (untreated subordinate animals) or pharmacologically-induced (treated animals). In the brain, however, delayed puberty and subordination stress had separable effects, suggesting that the overlapping socioemotional outcomes may be mediated by distinct neuroplastic mechanisms. To gain further insights, additional longitudinal studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Pincus
- Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jodi R Godfrey
- Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric Feczko
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric Earl
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Oscar Miranda-Dominguez
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Damien Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark E Wilson
- Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, USA
| | - Mar M Sanchez
- Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clare Kelly
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry at the School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Calderazzo SM, Busch SE, Moore TL, Rosene DL, Medalla M. Distribution and overlap of entorhinal, premotor, and amygdalar connections in the monkey anterior cingulate cortex. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:885-904. [PMID: 32677044 PMCID: PMC8214921 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for decision-making as it integrates motor plans with affective and contextual limbic information. Disruptions in these networks have been observed in depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Yet, overlap of limbic and motor connections within subdivisions of the ACC is not well understood. Hence, we administered a combination of retrograde and anterograde tracers into structures important for contextual memories (entorhinal cortex), affective processing (amygdala), and motor planning (dorsal premotor cortex) to assess overlap of labeled projection neurons from (outputs) and axon terminals to (inputs) the ACC of adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Our data show that entorhinal and dorsal premotor cortical (dPMC) connections are segregated across ventral (A25, A24a) and dorsal (A24b,c) subregions of the ACC, while amygdalar connections are more evenly distributed across subregions. Among all areas, the rostral ACC (A32) had the lowest relative density of connections with all three regions. In the ventral ACC, entorhinal and amygdalar connections strongly overlap across all layers, especially in A25. In the dorsal ACC, outputs to dPMC and the amygdala strongly overlap in deep layers. However, dPMC input to the dorsal ACC was densest in deep layers, while amygdalar inputs predominantly localized in upper layers. These connection patterns are consistent with diverse roles of the dorsal ACC in motor evaluation and the ventral ACC in affective and contextual memory. Further, distinct laminar circuits suggest unique interactions within specific ACC compartments that are likely important for the temporal integration of motor and limbic information during flexible goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Calderazzo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Silas E. Busch
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Lee YJ, Guell X, Hubbard NA, Siless V, Frosch IR, Goncalves M, Lo N, Nair A, Ghosh SS, Hofmann SG, Auerbach RP, Pizzagalli DA, Yendiki A, Gabrieli JDE, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Anteraper SA. Functional Alterations in Cerebellar Functional Connectivity in Anxiety Disorders. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 20:392-401. [PMID: 33210245 PMCID: PMC8213597 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with anxiety disorders exhibit excessive emotional and somatic arousal. Neuroimaging studies have shown abnormal cerebral cortical activation and connectivity in this patient population. The specific role of cerebellar output circuitry, specifically the dentate nuclei (DN), in adolescent anxiety disorders remains largely unexplored. Resting-state functional connectivity analyses have parcellated the DN, the major output nuclei of the cerebellum, into three functional territories (FTs) that include default-mode, salience-motor, and visual networks. The objective of this study was to understand whether FTs of the DN are implicated in adolescent anxiety disorders. Forty-one adolescents (mean age 15.19 ± 0.82, 26 females) with one or more anxiety disorders and 55 age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed resting-state fMRI scans and a self-report survey on anxiety symptoms. Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses were performed using the FTs from DN parcellation. Brain connectivity metrics were then correlated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) measures within each group. Adolescents with an anxiety disorder showed significant hyperconnectivity between salience-motor DN FT and cerebral cortical salience-motor regions compared to controls. Salience-motor FT connectivity with cerebral cortical sensorimotor regions was significantly correlated with STAI-trait scores in HC (R2 = 0.41). Here, we report DN functional connectivity differences in adolescents diagnosed with anxiety, as well as in HC with variable degrees of anxiety traits. These observations highlight the relevance of DN as a potential clinical and sub-clinical marker of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ji Lee
- Department of Psychology, ISEC 672D, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A Hubbard
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Viviana Siless
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole Lo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Atira Nair
- Department of Psychology, ISEC 672D, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Satrajit S Ghosh
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anastasia Yendiki
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Psychology, ISEC 672D, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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25
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Borghesani V, Battistella G, Mandelli ML, Welch A, Weis E, Younes K, Neuhaus J, Grinberg LT, Seeley WM, Spina S, Miller B, Miller Z, Gorno-Tempini ML. Regional and hemispheric susceptibility of the temporal lobe to FTLD-TDP type C pathology. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102369. [PMID: 32798912 PMCID: PMC7426562 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem studies show that focal anterior temporal lobe (ATL) neurodegeneration is most often caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration TDP-43 type C pathology. Clinically, these patients are described with different terms, such as semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), semantic dementia (SD), or right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia (FTD) depending on whether the predominant symptoms affect language, semantic knowledge for object or people, or socio-emotional behaviors. ATL atrophy presents with various degrees of lateralization, with right-sided cases considered rarer even though estimation of their prevalence is hampered by the paucity of studies on well-characterized, pathology-proven cohorts. Moreover, it is not clear whether left and right variants show a similar distribution of atrophy within the ATL cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Here we study the largest cohort to-date of pathology-proven TDP-43-C cases diagnosed during life as svPPA, SD or right temporal variant FTD. We analyzed clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging data from 30 cases, a subset of which was followed longitudinally. Guided by recent structural and functional parcellation studies, we constructed four bilateral ATL regions of interest (ROIs). The computation of an atrophy lateralization index allowed the comparison of atrophy patterns between the two hemispheres. This led to an automatic, imaging-based classification of the cases as left-predominant or right-predominant. We then compared the two groups in terms of regional atrophy patterns within the ATL ROIs (cross-sectionally) and atrophy progression (longitudinally). Results showed that 40% of pathology proven cases of TDP-43-C diagnosed with a temporal variant presented with right-lateralized atrophy. Moreover, the findings of our ATL ROI analysis indicated that, irrespective of atrophy lateralization, atrophy distribution within both ATLs follows a medial-to-lateral gradient. Finally, in both left and right cases, atrophy appeared to progress to the contralateral ATL, and from the anterior temporal pole to posterior temporal and orbitofrontal regions. Taken together, our findings indicate that incipient right predominant ATL atrophy is common in TDP-43-C pathology, and that distribution of damage within the ATLs appears to be the same in left- and right- sided variants. Thus, regardless of differences in clinical phenotype and atrophy lateralization, both temporal variants of FTD should be viewed as a spectrum presentation of the same disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Borghesani
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States.
| | - G Battistella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - M L Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - A Welch
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - E Weis
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - K Younes
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - J Neuhaus
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - L T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - W M Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - S Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - B Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Z Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States
| | - M L Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University
of California San Francisco, United States; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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26
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Sambuco N, Costa VD, Lang PJ, Bradley MM. Aversive perception in a threat context: Separate and independent neural activation. Biol Psychol 2020; 154:107926. [PMID: 32621851 PMCID: PMC7490760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Unpleasant, compared to neutral, scenes reliably prompt enhanced functional brain activity in the amygdala and inferotemporal cortex. Considering data from psychophysiological studies in which defensive reactivity is further enhanced when viewing unpleasant scenes under threat of shock (compared to safety), the current study investigates functional activation in the amygdala-inferotemporal circuit when unpleasant (or neutral) scenes are viewed under threat of shock or safety. In this paradigm, a cue signaling threat or safety was presented in conjunction with either an unpleasant or neutral picture. Replicating previous studies, unpleasant, compared to neutral, scenes reliably enhanced activation in the amygdala and inferotemporal cortex. Functional activity in these regions, however, did not differ whether scenes were presented in a context threatening shock exposure, compared to safety, which instead activated regions of the anterior insula and cingulate cortex. Taken together, the data support a view in which neural regions activated in different defensive situations act independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sambuco
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Vincent D Costa
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - Peter J Lang
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Margaret M Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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27
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Nachtergaele P, Radwan A, Swinnen S, Decramer T, Uytterhoeven M, Sunaert S, van Loon J, Theys T. The temporoinsular projection system: an anatomical study. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:615-623. [DOI: 10.3171/2018.11.jns18679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEConnections between the insular cortex and the amygdaloid complex have been demonstrated using various techniques. Although functionally well connected, the precise anatomical substrate through which the amygdaloid complex and the insula are wired remains unknown. In 1960, Klingler briefly described the “fasciculus amygdaloinsularis,” a white matter tract connecting the posterior insula with the amygdala. The existence of such a fasciculus seems likely but has not been firmly established, and the reported literature does not include a thorough description and documentation of its anatomy. In this fiber dissection study the authors sought to elucidate the pathway connecting the insular cortex and the mesial temporal lobe.METHODSFourteen brain specimens obtained at routine autopsy were dissected according to Klingler’s fiber dissection technique. After fixation and freezing, anatomical dissections were performed in a stepwise progressive fashion.RESULTSThe insula is connected with the opercula of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes through the extreme capsule, which represents a network of short association fibers. At the limen insulae, white matter fibers from the extreme capsule converge and loop around the uncinate fasciculus toward the temporal pole and the mesial temporal lobe, including the amygdaloid complex.CONCLUSIONSThe insula and the mesial temporal lobe are directly connected through white matter fibers in the extreme capsule, resulting in the appearance of a single amygdaloinsular fasciculus. This apparent fasciculus is part of the broader network of short association fibers of the extreme capsule, which connects the entire insular cortex with the temporal pole and the amygdaloid complex. The authors propose the term “temporoinsular projection system” (TIPS) for this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Nachtergaele
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
| | - Ahmed Radwan
- 2Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Swinnen
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
| | - Thomas Decramer
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
| | - Mats Uytterhoeven
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- 2Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes van Loon
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
| | - Tom Theys
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, and
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Timbie C, García-Cabezas MÁ, Zikopoulos B, Barbas H. Organization of primate amygdalar-thalamic pathways for emotions. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000639. [PMID: 32106269 PMCID: PMC7064256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the thalamus have mostly focused on sensory relay nuclei, but the organization of pathways associated with emotions is not well understood. We addressed this issue by testing the hypothesis that the primate amygdala acts, in part, like a sensory structure for the affective import of stimuli and conveys this information to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part (MDmc). We found that primate sensory cortices innervate amygdalar sites that project to the MDmc, which projects to the orbitofrontal cortex. As in sensory thalamic systems, large amygdalar terminals innervated excitatory relay and inhibitory neurons in the MDmc that facilitate faithful transmission to the cortex. The amygdala, however, uniquely innervated a few MDmc neurons by surrounding and isolating large segments of their proximal dendrites, as revealed by three-dimensional high-resolution reconstruction. Physiologic studies have shown that large axon terminals are found in pathways issued from motor systems that innervate other brain centers to help distinguish self-initiated from other movements. By analogy, the amygdalar pathway to the MDmc may convey signals forwarded to the orbitofrontal cortex to monitor and update the status of the environment in processes deranged in schizophrenia, resulting in attribution of thoughts and actions to external sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Timbie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Neural Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Miguel Á. García-Cabezas
- Neural Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Human Systems Neuroscience Lab, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Helen Barbas
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Neural Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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29
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Talami F, Vaudano AE, Meletti S. Motor and Limbic System Contribution to Emotional Laughter across the Lifespan. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:3381-3391. [PMID: 31848572 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laughter is a universal human behavior generated by the cooperation of different systems toward the construction of an expressive vocal pattern. Given the sensitivity of neuroimaging techniques to movements, the neural mechanisms underlying laughter expression remain unclear. Herein, we characterized the neural correlates of emotional laughter using the onsets and the duration of laughter bursts to inform functional magnetic resonance imaging. Laughter-related blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) increases involved both the motor (motor cortex, supplementary motor area, frontal operculum) and the emotional/limbic (anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, n. accumbens, hippocampus) systems, as well as modulatory circuitries encompassing the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. BOLD changes related to the 2 s preceding the laughter outbreak were selectively observed at the temporo-occipital junction and the periaqueductal gray matter, supporting the role of the former in the detection of incongruity and the gating role of the latter in the initiation of spontaneous laughter. Moreover, developmental changes were identified in laughter processing, consisting in a greater engagement of the reward circuitry in younger subjects; conversely, the default mode network appears more activated in older participants. Our findings contribute valuable information about the processing of real-life humorous materials and suggest a close link between laughter-related motor, affective, and cognitive elements, confirming its complex and multi-faceted nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Talami
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Elisabetta Vaudano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.,Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Meletti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.,Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Activity of Insula to Basolateral Amygdala Projecting Neurons is Necessary and Sufficient for Taste Valence Representation. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9369-9382. [PMID: 31597726 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0752-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is an associative learning paradigm, wherein consumption of an appetitive tastant (e.g., saccharin) is paired to the administration of a malaise-inducing agent, such as intraperitoneal injection of LiCl. Aversive taste learning and retrieval require neuronal activity within the anterior insula (aIC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Here, we labeled neurons of the aIC projecting to the BLA in adult male mice using a retro-AAV construct and assessed their necessity in aversive and appetitive taste learning. By restricting the expression of chemogenetic receptors in aIC-to-BLA neurons, we demonstrate that activity within the aIC-to-BLA projection is necessary for both aversive taste memory acquisition and retrieval, but not for its maintenance, nor its extinction. Moreover, inhibition of the projection did not affect incidental taste learning per se, but effectively suppressed aversive taste memory retrieval when applied either during or before the encoding of the unconditioned stimulus for CTA (i.e., malaise). Remarkably, activation of the projection after novel taste consumption, without experiencing any internal discomfort, was sufficient to form an artificial aversive taste memory, resulting in strong aversive behavior upon retrieval. Our results indicate that aIC-to-BLA projecting neurons are an essential component in the ability of the brain to associate taste sensory stimuli with body states of negative valence and guide the expression of valence-specific behavior upon taste memory retrieval.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the present study we subjected mice to the conditioned taste aversion paradigm, where animals learn to associate novel taste with malaise (i.e., assign it negative valence). We show that activation of neurons in the anterior insular cortex (aIC) that project into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in response to conditioned taste aversion is necessary to form a memory for a taste of negative valence. Moreover, artificial activation of this pathway (without any feeling of pain) after the sampling of a taste can also lead to such associative memory. Thus, activation of aIC-to-BLA projecting neurons is necessary and sufficient to form and retrieve aversive taste memory.
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31
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Jiang Y, Tian Y, Wang Z. Age-Related Structural Alterations in Human Amygdala Networks: Reflections on Correlations Between White Matter Structure and Effective Connectivity. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:214. [PMID: 31333430 PMCID: PMC6624785 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala, which is involved in human social information processing and socio-emotional response neuronal circuits, is segmented into three subregions that are responsible for perception, affiliation, and aversion. Though there is different functional and effective connectivity (EC) among these networks, age-related structural changes and associations between structure and function within the amygdala remain unclear. Here, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data (106 participants) to investigate age-related structural changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) of amygdalar subregions. We also examined the relationship between FA and EC within the subregions. We found that the FA of the amygdalar subregions exhibited inverted-U-shape trends with age. Moreover, over the human lifespan, there were negative correlations between the FA of the right ventrolateral amygdala (VLA.R) and the Granger-based EC (GC) of VLA.R → perception network (PerN), the FA of the VLA.R and the GC of the net flow from VLA.R → PerN, and the FA of the left dorsal amygdala (DorA.L) and the GC of the aversion network (AveN). Conversely, there was a positive correlation between the FA of the DorA.L and the GC of the net flow from DorA.L → AveN. Our results suggest that age-related changes in the function of the brain are constrained by the underlying white matter architectures, while the functional information flow changes influence white matter structure. This work increases our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms in the maturation and aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Jiang
- Bio-information College, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing, China
| | - Yin Tian
- Bio-information College, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Bio-information College, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing, China
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32
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Sabatinelli D, Frank DW. Assessing the Primacy of Human Amygdala-Inferotemporal Emotional Scene Discrimination with Rapid Whole-Brain fMRI. Neuroscience 2019; 406:212-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Causal Interactions in Human Amygdala Cortical Networks across the Lifespan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5927. [PMID: 30976115 PMCID: PMC6459927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the amygdala serves as the base for dealing with complex human social communication and emotion. Although amygdalar networks plays a central role in these functions, causality connectivity during the human lifespan between amygdalar subregions and their corresponding perception network (PerN), affiliation network (AffN) and aversion network (AveN) remain largely unclear. Granger causal analysis (GCA), an approach to assess directed functional interactions from time series data, was utilized to investigated effective connectivity between amygdalar subregions and their related networks as a function of age to reveal the maturation and degradation of neural circuits during development and ageing in the present study. For each human resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset, the amygdala was divided into three subareas, namely ventrolateral amygdala (VLA), medial amygdala (MedA) and dorsal amygdala (DorA), by using resting-state functional connectivity, from which the corresponding networks (PerN, AffN and AveN) were extracted. Subsequently, the GC interaction of the three amygdalar subregions and their associated networks during life were explored with a generalised linear model (GLM). We found that three causality flows significantly varied with age: the GC of VLA → PerN showed an inverted U-shaped trend with ageing; the GC of MedA→ AffN had a U-shaped trend with ageing; and the GC of DorA→ AveN decreased with ageing. Moreover, during ageing, the above GCs were significantly correlated with Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores. In short, PerN, AffN and AveN associated with the amygdalar subregions separately presented different causality connectivity changes with ageing. These findings provide a strong constituent framework for normal and neurological diseases associated with social disorders to analyse the neural basis of social behaviour during life.
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Xu XM, Jiao Y, Tang TY, Zhang J, Salvi R, Teng GJ. Inefficient Involvement of Insula in Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:133. [PMID: 30842724 PMCID: PMC6391342 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex plays an important role in multimodal sensory processing, audio-visual integration and emotion; however, little is known about how the insula is affected by auditory deprivation due to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). To address this issue, we used structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine if the neural activity within the insula and its interregional functional connectivity (FC) was disrupted by SNHL and if these alterations were correlated clinical measures of emotion and cognition. Thirty-five SNHL subjects and 54 Controls enrolled in our study underwent auditory evaluation, neuropsychological assessments, functional and structure MRI, respectively. Twenty five patients and 20 Controls underwent arterial spin labeling scanning. FC of six insula subdivisions were assessed and the FC results were compared to the neuropsychological tests. Interregional connections were also compared among insula-associated networks, including salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), and central executive network (CEN). Compared to Controls, SNHL subjects demonstrated hyperperfusion in the insula and significantly decreased FC between some insula subdivisions and other brain regions, including thalamus, putamen, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, mid-cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, rolandic operculum. Anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments were correlated with FC values. Abnormal interactions among SN, DMN, and CEN were observed in SNHL group. Our result provides support for the "inefficient high-order control" theory of the insula in which the auditory deprivation caused by SNHL contributes to impaired sensory integration and central deficits in emotional and cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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35
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Kropf E, Syan SK, Minuzzi L, Frey BN. From anatomy to function: the role of the somatosensory cortex in emotional regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:261-269. [PMID: 30540029 PMCID: PMC6794131 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Penfield and his colleagues in the 1930s, the somatosensory cortex, which is located on the postcentral gyrus, has been known for its central role in processing sensory information from various parts of the body. More recently, a converging body of literature has shown that the somatosensory cortex also plays an important role in each stage of emotional processing, including identification of emotional significance in a stimulus, generation of emotional states, and regulation of emotion. Importantly, studies conducted in individuals suffering from mental disorders associated with abnormal emotional regulation, such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and panic disorders, specific phobia, obesity, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, have found structural and functional changes in the somatosensory cortex. Common observations in the somatosensory cortices of individuals with mood disorders include alterations in gray matter volume, cortical thickness, abnormal functional connectivity with other brain regions, and changes in metabolic rates. These findings support the hypothesis that the somatosensory cortex may be a treatment target for certain mental disorders. In this review, we discuss the anatomy, connectivity, and functions of the somatosensory cortex, with a focus on its role in emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kropf
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sabrina K Syan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
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36
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Barbas H, Wang J, Joyce MKP, García-Cabezas MÁ. Pathway mechanism for excitatory and inhibitory control in working memory. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:2659-2678. [PMID: 30256740 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00936.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans engage in many daily activities that rely on working memory, the ability to hold and sequence information temporarily to accomplish a task. We focus on the process of working memory, based on circuit mechanisms for attending to relevant signals and suppressing irrelevant stimuli. We discuss that connections critically depend on the systematic variation in laminar structure across all cortical systems. Laminar structure is used to group areas into types regardless of their placement in the cortex, ranging from low-type agranular areas that lack layer IV to high-type areas that have six well-delineated layers. Connections vary in laminar distribution and strength based on the difference in type between linked areas, according to the "structural model" (Barbas H, Rempel-Clower N. Cereb Cortex 7: 635-646, 1997). The many possible pathways thus vary systematically by laminar distribution and strength, and they interface with excitatory neurons to select relevant stimuli and with functionally distinct inhibitory neurons that suppress activity at the site of termination. Using prefrontal pathways, we discuss how systematic architectonic variation gives rise to diverse pathways that can be recruited, along with amygdalar and hippocampal pathways that provide sensory, affective, and contextual information. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with thalamic nuclei that receive the output of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, which may facilitate fast sequencing of information. The complement of connections and their interface with distinct inhibitory neurons allows dynamic recruitment of areas and shifts in cortical rhythms to meet rapidly changing demands of sequential components of working memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Barbas
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Health Sciences, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Health Sciences, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Kate P Joyce
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Health Sciences, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts
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37
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Fani N, King TZ, Powers A, Hardy RA, Siegle GJ, Blair RJ, Surapaneni S, van Rooij S, Ressler KJ, Jovanovic T, Bradley B. Cognitive and neural facets of dissociation in a traumatized population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 19:863-875. [PMID: 30124316 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dissociative phenomena are frequently experienced by psychologically traumatized people. However, little is known about the cognitive profiles of highly dissociative traumatized individuals, and corresponding patterns of neural connectivity when attentional networks are engaged in the context of emotion. One hundred seventeen traumatized women completed the multiscale dissociation inventory (MDI) and neuropsychological testing; MDI scores were used to classify high- and low-dissociative participants. Forty-six participants also underwent fMRI during performance of an attentional control task that incorporates emotionally distracting images (Affective Number Stroop; ANS). Compared to low-dissociative participants, high-dissociative participants demonstrated better performance on an executive functioning task (F1,111 = 4.64, p = .03), worse performance on a task of visual memory (F1,111 = 9.52, p = .003), and similar performance on all other neuropsychological measures. In addition, dissociative symptoms were negatively correlated with functional connectivity between the amygdala and right anterior insula in response to trauma-related ANS trials. These findings indicate that highly dissociative traumatized people experience difficulties with attentional control in the context of emotionally evocative stimuli, but in a neutral context, their overall cognitive profiles are similar to low-dissociative people. Highly dissociative participants also demonstrated weaker connectivity between the amygdala and insula in response to trauma-relevant images. Evocative, trauma-relevant stimuli appear to disrupt neutral networks involved with attention to salient cues and interoception in highly dissociative traumatized individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Tricia Z King
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Raven A Hardy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Sindhuja Surapaneni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Sanne van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
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38
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Cortical Connections Position Primate Area 25 as a Keystone for Interoception, Emotion, and Memory. J Neurosci 2018; 38:1677-1698. [PMID: 29358365 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2363-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural and functional integrity of subgenual cingulate area 25 (A25) is crucial for emotional expression and equilibrium. A25 has a key role in affective networks, and its disruption has been linked to mood disorders, but its cortical connections have yet to be systematically or fully studied. Using neural tracers in rhesus monkeys, we found that A25 was densely connected with other ventromedial and posterior orbitofrontal areas associated with emotions and homeostasis. A moderate pathway linked A25 with frontopolar area 10, an area associated with complex cognition, which may regulate emotions and dampen negative affect. Beyond the frontal lobe, A25 was connected with auditory association areas and memory-related medial temporal cortices, and with the interoceptive-related anterior insula. A25 mostly targeted the superficial cortical layers of other areas, where broadly dispersed terminations comingled with modulatory inhibitory or disinhibitory microsystems, suggesting a dominant excitatory effect. The architecture and connections suggest that A25 is the consummate feedback system in the PFC. Conversely, in the entorhinal cortex, A25 pathways terminated in the middle-deep layers amid a strong local inhibitory microenvironment, suggesting gating of hippocampal output to other cortices and memory storage. The graded cortical architecture and associated laminar patterns of connections suggest how areas, layers, and functionally distinct classes of inhibitory neurons can be recruited dynamically to meet task demands. The complement of cortical connections of A25 with areas associated with memory, emotion, and somatic homeostasis provide the circuit basis to understand its vulnerability in psychiatric and neurologic disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Integrity of the prefrontal subgenual cingulate cortex is crucial for healthy emotional function. Subgenual area 25 (A25) is mostly linked with other prefrontal areas associated with emotion in a dense network positioned to recruit large fields of cortex. In healthy states, A25 is associated with internal states, autonomic function, and transient negative affect. Constant hyperactivity in A25 is a biomarker for depression in humans and may trigger extensive activation in its dominant connections with areas associated with emotions and internal balance. A pathway between A25 and frontopolar area 10 may provide a critical link to regulate emotions and dampen persistent negative affect, which may be explored for therapeutic intervention in depression.
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Zhang Y, Zhou W, Wang S, Zhou Q, Wang H, Zhang B, Huang J, Hong B, Wang X. The Roles of Subdivisions of Human Insula in Emotion Perception and Auditory Processing. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:517-528. [PMID: 29342237 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bingqing Zhang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bo Hong
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wu G, Lin L, Zhang Q, Wu J. Brain gray matter changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry study. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1698-1703. [PMID: 29033311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to identify alterations in global gray matter volumes (GMV) and consistent regional abnormalities in T2DM patients via meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search for relevant studies indexed in the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted. A quantitative meta-analysis of volumetric and whole-brain VBM data was conducted using STATA v.12.0 and AES-SDM software packages, respectively. RESULTS A total of 15 volumetric studies and five VBM studies of GM in T2DM patients vs. healthy controls (HCs) were identified. The volumetric meta-analysis showed that the GMV of patients with T2DM is lower than in HCs (SMD = -0.56, 95% CI = -0.81 to -0.31, P 0.01). The whole-brain VBM meta-analysis revealed GM reductions in the left superior temporal gyrus, the right middle temporal gyrus, the right rolandic operculum, and the left fusiform gyrus in T2DM patients compared with HCs. Meta-regression analysis showed that Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores have a positive relationship with GMV in the right insula. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a reduced volume of whole and regional GM in T2DM patients, which may indicate a risk for dementia. Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm GM changes, cognitive dysfunction, and their relationship in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China.
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Geissmann L, Gschwind L, Schicktanz N, Deuring G, Rosburg T, Schwegler K, Gerhards C, Milnik A, Pflueger MO, Mager R, de Quervain DJF, Coynel D. Resting-state functional connectivity remains unaffected by preceding exposure to aversive visual stimuli. Neuroimage 2017; 167:354-365. [PMID: 29175611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While much is known about immediate brain activity changes induced by the confrontation with emotional stimuli, the subsequent temporal unfolding of emotions has yet to be explored. To investigate whether exposure to emotionally aversive pictures affects subsequent resting-state networks differently from exposure to neutral pictures, a resting-state fMRI study implementing a two-group repeated-measures design in healthy young adults (N = 34) was conducted. We focused on investigating (i) patterns of amygdala whole-brain and hippocampus connectivity in both a seed-to-voxel and seed-to-seed approach, (ii) whole-brain resting-state networks with an independent component analysis coupled with dual regression, and (iii) the amygdala's fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, all while EEG recording potential fluctuations in vigilance. In spite of the successful emotion induction, as demonstrated by stimuli rating and a memory-facilitating effect of negative emotionality, none of the resting-state measures was differentially affected by picture valence. In conclusion, resting-state networks connectivity as well as the amygdala's low frequency oscillations appear to be unaffected by preceding exposure to widely used emotionally aversive visual stimuli in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Geissmann
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Leo Gschwind
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Schicktanz
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Deuring
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Rosburg
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kyrill Schwegler
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Gerhards
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Milnik
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marlon O Pflueger
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Mager
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J F de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Coynel
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
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García-Cabezas MÁ, Barbas H. Anterior Cingulate Pathways May Affect Emotions Through Orbitofrontal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:4891-4910. [PMID: 27655930 PMCID: PMC6075591 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior orbitofrontal cortex (pOFC) are associated with emotional regulation. These regions are old in phylogeny and have widespread connections with eulaminate neocortices, intricately linking areas associated with emotion and cognition. The ACC and pOFC have distinct cortical and subcortical connections and are also interlinked, but the pattern of their connections-which may be used to infer the flow of information between them-is not well understood. Here we found that pathways from ACC area 32 innervated all pOFC areas with a significant proportion of large and efficient terminals, seen at the level of the system and the synapse. The pathway from area 32 targeted overwhelmingly elements of excitatory neurons in pOFC, with few postsynaptic sites found on presumed inhibitory neurons. Moreover, pathways from area 32 originated mostly in the upper layers and innervated preferentially the middle-deep layers of the least differentiated pOFC areas, in a pattern reminiscent of feedforward communication. Pathway terminations from area 32 overlapped in the deep layers of pOFC with output pathways that project to the thalamus and the amygdala, and may have cascading downstream effects on emotional and cognitive processes and their disruption in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á. García-Cabezas
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Neural Systems Lab, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA02215, USA
| | - Helen Barbas
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Neural Systems Lab, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA02215, USA
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43
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Rockland KS. What do we know about laminar connectivity? Neuroimage 2017; 197:772-784. [PMID: 28729159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this brief review, I attempt an overview of the main components of anatomical laminar-level connectivity. These are: extrinsic outputs, excitatory and inhibitory intrinsic connectivity, and intrinsic inputs. Supporting data are biased from the visual system of nonhuman primates (NHPs), but I have drawn as much as possible from a broader span in order to treat the important issue of area-specific variability. In a second part, I briefly discuss laminar connectivity in the context of network organization (feedforward/feedback cortical connections, and the major types of corticothalamic connections). I also point out anatomical issues in need of clarification, including more systematic, whole brain coverage of tracer injections; more data on anterogradely labeled terminations; more complete, area-specific quantitative data about projection neurons, and quantitative data on terminal density and convergence. Postsynaptic targets are largely unknown, but their identification is essential for understanding the finer analysis and principles of laminar patterns. Laminar resolution MRI offers a promising new tool for exploring laminar connectivity: it is potentially fast and macro-scale, and allows for repeated investigation under different stimulus conditions. Conversely, anatomical resolution, although detailed beyond the current level of MRI visualization, offers a rich trove for experimental design and interpretation of fMRI activation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S Rockland
- Department of Anatomy&Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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44
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Esperidião-Antonio V, Majeski-Colombo M, Toledo-Monteverde D, Moraes-Martins G, Fernandes JJ, Bauchiglioni de Assis M, Montenegro S, Siqueira-Batista R. Neurobiology of emotions: an update. Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:293-307. [PMID: 28540750 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1285983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The 'nature' of emotions is one of the archaic themes of Western thought, thematized in different cultural manifestations - such as art, science, philosophy, myths and religion -, since Ancient times. In the last decades, the advances in neurosciences have permitted the construction of hypotheses that explain emotions, especially through the studies involving the limbic system. To present an updated discussion about the neurobiology of processes relating to emotions - focusing (1) on the main neural structures that relate to emotions, (2) the paths and circuits of greater relevance, (3) the implicated neurotransmitters, (4) the connections that possess neurovegetative control and (5) the discussion about the main emotions - is the objective of this present article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilia Majeski-Colombo
- b Curso de Graduação em Medicina , Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO) , Teresopolis , Brazil
| | - Diana Toledo-Monteverde
- b Curso de Graduação em Medicina , Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO) , Teresopolis , Brazil
| | - Glaciele Moraes-Martins
- b Curso de Graduação em Medicina , Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO) , Teresopolis , Brazil
| | - Juliana José Fernandes
- b Curso de Graduação em Medicina , Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO) , Teresopolis , Brazil
| | | | - Stefânia Montenegro
- c Núcleo de Estudos em Ciências Médicas , Faculdade Dinâmica do Vale do Piranga (FADIP) , Ponte Nova , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Siqueira-Batista
- c Núcleo de Estudos em Ciências Médicas , Faculdade Dinâmica do Vale do Piranga (FADIP) , Ponte Nova , Brazil.,d Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem , Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) , Viçosa , Brazil.,e Postgraduate Program of Bioethics, Ethics and Public Health (PPGBIOS) , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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45
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Gibson WS, Cho S, Abulseoud OA, Gorny KR, Felmlee JP, Welker KM, Klassen BT, Min HK, Lee KH. The Impact of Mirth-Inducing Ventral Striatal Deep Brain Stimulation on Functional and Effective Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2183-2194. [PMID: 27001680 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) is an investigational therapy for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. The ability of VC/VS DBS to evoke spontaneous mirth in patients, often accompanied by smiling and laughter, is clinically well documented. However, the neural correlates of DBS-evoked mirth remain poorly characterized. Patients undergoing VC/VS DBS surgery underwent intraoperative evaluation in which mirth-inducing and non-mirth-inducing stimulation localizations were identified. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for fMRI, the effect of mirth-inducing DBS on functional and effective connectivity among established nodes in limbic cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuitry was investigated. Both mirth-inducing and non-mirth-inducing VC/VS DBS consistently resulted (conjunction, global null, family-wise error-corrected P < 0.05) in activation of amygdala, ventral striatum, and mediodorsal thalamus. However, only mirth-inducing DBS resulted in functional inhibition of anterior cingulate cortex. Dynamic causal modeling revealed that mirth-inducing DBS enhanced effective connectivity from anterior cingulate to ventral striatum, while attenuating connectivity from thalamus to ventral striatum relative to non-mirth-inducing stimulation. These results suggest that DBS-evoked mood elevation is accompanied by distinct patterns of limbic thalamocortical connectivity. Using the novel combination of DBS-evoked mood alteration and functional MRI in human subjects, we provide new insights into the network-level mechanisms that influence affect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Osama A Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Neurologic Surgery.,Department of Radiology.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, US.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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46
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Kleckner IR, Zhang J, Touroutoglou A, Chanes L, Xia C, Simmons WK, Quigley KS, Dickerson BC, Barrett LF. Evidence for a Large-Scale Brain System Supporting Allostasis and Interoception in Humans. Nat Hum Behav 2017; 1:0069. [PMID: 28983518 PMCID: PMC5624222 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale intrinsic brain systems have been identified for exteroceptive senses (e.g., sight, hearing, touch). We introduce an analogous system for representing sensations from within the body, called interoception, and demonstrate its relation to regulating peripheral systems in the body, called allostasis. Employing the recently introduced Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding (EPIC) model, we used tract-tracing studies of macaque monkeys, followed by two intrinsic functional magnetic resonance imaging samples (N = 280 and N = 270) to evaluate the existence of an intrinsic allostatic/interoceptive system in the human brain. Another sample (N = 41) allowed us to evaluate the convergent validity of the hypothesized allostatic/interoceptive system by showing that individuals with stronger connectivity between system hubs performed better on an implicit index of interoceptive ability related to autonomic fluctuations. Implications include insights for the brain's functional architecture, dissolving the artificial boundary between mind and body, and unifying mental and physical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Kleckner
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Lorena Chanes
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Chenjie Xia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - W. Kyle Simmons
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK
- School of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK
| | - Karen S. Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital, Bedford, MA
| | - Bradford C. Dickerson
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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47
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Franklin DJ, Grossberg S. A neural model of normal and abnormal learning and memory consolidation: adaptively timed conditioning, hippocampus, amnesia, neurotrophins, and consciousness. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 17:24-76. [PMID: 27905080 PMCID: PMC5272895 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
How do the hippocampus and amygdala interact with thalamocortical systems to regulate cognitive and cognitive-emotional learning? Why do lesions of thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex have differential effects depending on the phase of learning when they occur? In particular, why is the hippocampus typically needed for trace conditioning, but not delay conditioning, and what do the exceptions reveal? Why do amygdala lesions made before or immediately after training decelerate conditioning while those made later do not? Why do thalamic or sensory cortical lesions degrade trace conditioning more than delay conditioning? Why do hippocampal lesions during trace conditioning experiments degrade recent but not temporally remote learning? Why do orbitofrontal cortical lesions degrade temporally remote but not recent or post-lesion learning? How is temporally graded amnesia caused by ablation of prefrontal cortex after memory consolidation? How are attention and consciousness linked during conditioning? How do neurotrophins, notably brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), influence memory formation and consolidation? Is there a common output path for learned performance? A neural model proposes a unified answer to these questions that overcome problems of alternative memory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Franklin
- Center for Adaptive Systems, Graduate Program in Cognitive and Neural Systems, and Departments of Mathematics, Psychological & Brain Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Room 213, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stephen Grossberg
- Center for Adaptive Systems, Graduate Program in Cognitive and Neural Systems, and Departments of Mathematics, Psychological & Brain Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Room 213, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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48
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Dickerson BC, Brickhouse M, McGinnis S, Wolk DA. Alzheimer's disease: The influence of age on clinical heterogeneity through the human brain connectome. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 6:122-135. [PMID: 28239637 PMCID: PMC5318292 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One major factor that influences the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is age: younger AD patients more frequently exhibit atypical forms of AD. We propose that this age-related heterogeneity can be understood better by considering age-related differences in atrophy in the context of large-scale brain networks subserving cognitive functions that contribute to memory. METHODS We examined data from 75 patients with mild AD dementia from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. These individuals were chosen because they have cerebrospinal fluid amyloid and p-tau levels in the range suggesting the presence of AD neuropathology, and because they were either younger than age 65 years early-onset AD (EOAD) or age 80 years or older late-onset AD (LOAD). RESULTS In the EOAD group, the most prominent atrophy was present in the posterior cingulate cortex, whereas in the LOAD group, atrophy was most prominent in the medial temporal lobe. Structural covariance analysis showed that the magnitude of atrophy in these epicenters is strongly correlated with a distributed atrophy pattern similar to distinct intrinsic connectivity networks in the healthy brain. An examination of memory performance in EOAD dementia versus LOAD dementia demonstrated relatively more prominent impairment in encoding in the EOAD group than in the LOAD group, with similar performance in memory storage in LOAD and EOAD but greater impairment in semantic memory in LOAD than in EOAD. DISCUSSION The observations provide novel insights about age as a major factor contributing to the heterogeneity in the topography of AD-related cortical atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Brickhouse
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott McGinnis
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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49
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Wang Z, Zhang M, Han Y, Song H, Guo R, Li K. Differentially disrupted functional connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 24:329-342. [PMID: 27002909 DOI: 10.3233/xst-160556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala is an important brain area involved in cognitive procession and emotional regulation. Previous studies have typically considered the amygdala as a single structure, which likely masks contribution of individual amygdala subdivisions. Actually, the amygdala is heterogeneous and composed of structurally and functionally distinct nuclei, which may present different connectivity patterns and predict to relevant cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about functional connectivity of amygdala subregions in the resting state in AD subjects. Here, we employed resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to examine functional connectivity changes of subregions comparing the AD patients with the age-matched control subjects. Thirty-two AD and 38 control subjects were analyzed. We defined three subregions of the amygdala according to probabilistic cytoarchitectonic atlases and mapped the whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity for each subregion: The central medial nucleus (CM) of amygdala exhibited connections with the lentiform nucleus, parahippocampus and lateral temporal gyrus; the lateral basal nucleus (LB) of amygdala functionally connected with the parahippocampus, lateral temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex; and the superficial nucleus (SF) of amygdala had connection with the parahippocampus, lentiform nucleus, lateral temporal gyrus, insula, middle occipital gyrus, precentral and postcentral gyrus. Comparing with the controls, the AD patients presented disrupted connectivity patterns in the LB of amygdala, which predicted disconnection with the left uncus, right insula, right precentral gyrus, the left superior temporal gyrus and right claustrum. These findings in a large part supported our hypothesis and provided a new insight in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqing Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
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50
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Chanes L, Barrett LF. Redefining the Role of Limbic Areas in Cortical Processing. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 20:96-106. [PMID: 26704857 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the brain actively constructs action and perception using past experience. In this paper, we propose that the direction of information flow along gradients of laminar differentiation provides important insight on the role of limbic cortices in cortical processing. Cortical limbic areas, with a simple laminar structure (e.g., no or rudimentary layer IV), send 'feedback' projections to lower level better laminated areas. We propose that this 'feedback' functions as predictions that drive processing throughout the cerebral cortex. This hypothesis has the potential to provide a unifying framework for an increasing number of proposals that use predictive coding to explain a myriad of neural processes and disorders, and has important implications for hypotheses about consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Chanes
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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