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Wang X, Li Y, Li B, Shang H, Yang J. Gray matter alterations in Huntington's disease: A meta-analysis of VBM neuroimaging studies. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25366. [PMID: 38953592 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Increasing neuroimaging studies have attempted to identify biomarkers of Huntington's disease (HD) progression. Here, we conducted voxel-based meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies on HD to investigate the evolution of gray matter volume (GMV) alterations and explore the effects of genetic and clinical features on GMV changes. A systematic review was performed to identify the relevant studies. Meta-analyses of whole-brain VBM studies were performed to assess the regional GMV changes in all HD mutation carriers, in presymptomatic HD (pre-HD), and in symptomatic HD (sym-HD). A quantitative comparison was performed between pre-HD and sym-HD. Meta-regression analyses were used to explore the effects of genetic and clinical features on GMV changes. Twenty-eight studies were included, comparing a total of 1811 HD mutation carriers [including 1150 pre-HD and 560 sym-HD] and 969 healthy controls (HCs). Pre-HD showed decreased GMV in the bilateral caudate nuclei, putamen, insula, anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, middle temporal gyri, and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus compared with HCs. Compared with pre-HD, GMV decrease in sym-HD extended to the bilateral median cingulate/paracingulate gyri, Rolandic operculum and middle occipital gyri, left amygdala, and superior temporal gyrus. Meta-regression analyses found that age, mean lengths of CAG repeats, and disease burden were negatively associated with GMV atrophy of the bilateral caudate and right insula in all HD mutation carriers. This meta-analysis revealed the pattern of GMV changes from pre-HD to sym-HD, prompting the understanding of HD progression. The pattern of GMV changes may be biomarkers for disease progression in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boyi Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Shoemaker JK, Gros R. A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in neural control of the circulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1323-1336. [PMID: 38441688 PMCID: PMC11055701 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Early in the twentieth century, Walter B. Cannon (1871-1945) introduced his overarching hypothesis of "homeostasis" (Cannon 1932)-the ability to sustain physiological values within a narrow range necessary for life during periods of stress. Physical exercise represents a stress in which motor, respiratory and cardiovascular systems must be integrated across a range of metabolic stress to match oxygen delivery to oxygen need at the cellular level, together with appropriate thermoregulatory control, blood pressure adjustments and energy provision. Of these, blood pressure regulation is a complex but controlled variable, being the function of cardiac output and vascular resistance (or conductance). Key in understanding blood pressure control during exercise is the coordinating role of the autonomic nervous system. A long history outlines the development of these concepts and how they are integrated within the exercise context. This review focuses on the renaissance observations and thinking generated in the first three decades of the twentieth century that opened the doorway to new concepts of inquiry in cardiovascular regulation during exercise. The concepts addressed here include the following: (1) exercise and blood pressure, (2) central command, (3) neurovascular transduction with emphasis on the sympathetic nerve activity and the vascular end organ response, and (4) tonic neurovascular integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Robert Gros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
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Jang EH, Eum YJ, Yoon D, Sohn JH, Byun S. Comparing multimodal physiological responses to social and physical pain in healthy participants. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1387056. [PMID: 38638471 PMCID: PMC11025361 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1387056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous physiology-driven pain studies focused on examining the presence or intensity of physical pain. However, people experience various types of pain, including social pain, which induces negative mood; emotional distress; and neural activities associated with physical pain. In particular, comparison of autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses between social and physical pain in healthy adults has not been well demonstrated. Methods We explored the ANS responses induced by two types of pain-social pain, associated with a loss of social ties; and physical pain, caused by a pressure cuff-based on multimodal physiological signals. Seventy-three healthy individuals (46 women; mean age = 20.67 ± 3.27 years) participated. Behavioral responses were assessed to determine their sensitivity to pain stimuli. Electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity, photoplethysmogram, respiration, and finger temperature (FT) were measured, and 12 features were extracted from these signals. Results Social pain induced increased heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) and decreased blood volume pulse (BVP), pulse transit time (PTT), respiration rate (RR), and FT, suggesting a heterogeneous pattern of sympathetic-parasympathetic coactivation. Moreover, physical pain induced increased heart rate variability (HRV) and SC, decreased BVP and PTT, and resulted in no change in FT, indicating sympathetic-adrenal-medullary activation and peripheral vasoconstriction. Conclusion These results suggest that changes in HR, HRV indices, RR, and FT can serve as markers for differentiating physiological responses to social and physical pain stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Jang
- Mobility User Experience Research Section, Electronics Telecommunication and Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ji Eum
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesub Yoon
- Mobility User Experience Research Section, Electronics Telecommunication and Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hun Sohn
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Byun
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Cole WR, Tegeler CL, Choi YS, Harris TE, Rachels N, Bellini PG, Haight TJ, Gerdes L, Tegeler CH, Roy MJ. Randomized, controlled clinical trial of acoustic stimulation to reduce postconcussive symptoms. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:105-120. [PMID: 37990636 PMCID: PMC10791035 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective interventions are needed to address postconcussive symptoms. We report the results of randomized, sham-controlled trial of Cereset Research™ Standard Operating Procedures (CR-SOP), a noninvasive, closed-loop, allostatic, acoustic stimulation neurotechnology previously shown to improve insomnia. METHODS Military service members, veterans, or their spouses with persistent symptoms (Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory [NSI] Score ≥23) after mTBI 3 months to 10 years ago, were randomized to receive 10 sessions of engineered tones linked to brainwaves (LB, intervention), or random engineered tones not linked to brainwaves (NL, sham control). The primary outcome was change in NSI, with secondary outcomes of heart rate variability and self-report measures of sleep, mood, and anxiety. RESULTS Participants (n = 106, 22% female, mean age 37.1, 2.8 deployments, 3.8 TBIs) were randomized 1:1 to LB or NL, with no significant differences between groups at baseline. Among all study participants, the NSI declined from baseline 41.0 to 27.2 after (P < 0.0001), with gains largely sustained at 3 months (31.2) and 6 months (28.4). However, there were no significant differences between the LB (NSI declined from 39.9 at baseline to 28.2 post-intervention, 31.5 at 3 months, and 29.4 at 6 months) and NL (NSI declined from 41.5 at baseline to 26.2, 29.9, and 27.3, respectively. Similar patterns were observed for the PCL5 and PHQ-9 and there was no difference in HRV between groups. INTERPRETATION Ten hours of acoustic stimulation while resting in a zero-gravity chair improves postconcussive symptoms. However, linking tones to brain electrical activity did not reduce symptoms more than random tones. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT03649958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R. Cole
- University of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Y. Sammy Choi
- Womack Army Medical CenterFort BraggNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Nora Rachels
- Womack Army Medical CenterFort BraggNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Paula G. Bellini
- Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Henry M. Jackson FoundationRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Thaddeus J. Haight
- Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Henry M. Jackson FoundationRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Lee Gerdes
- Brain State Technologies, LLCScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | | | - Michael J. Roy
- Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Mangalam M, Sadri A, Hayano J, Watanabe E, Kiyono K, Kelty-Stephen DG. Multifractal foundations of biomarker discovery for heart disease and stroke. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18316. [PMID: 37880302 PMCID: PMC10600152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Any reliable biomarker has to be specific, generalizable, and reproducible across individuals and contexts. The exact values of such a biomarker must represent similar health states in different individuals and at different times within the same individual to result in the minimum possible false-positive and false-negative rates. The application of standard cut-off points and risk scores across populations hinges upon the assumption of such generalizability. Such generalizability, in turn, hinges upon this condition that the phenomenon investigated by current statistical methods is ergodic, i.e., its statistical measures converge over individuals and time within the finite limit of observations. However, emerging evidence indicates that biological processes abound with nonergodicity, threatening this generalizability. Here, we present a solution for how to make generalizable inferences by deriving ergodic descriptions of nonergodic phenomena. For this aim, we proposed capturing the origin of ergodicity-breaking in many biological processes: cascade dynamics. To assess our hypotheses, we embraced the challenge of identifying reliable biomarkers for heart disease and stroke, which, despite being the leading cause of death worldwide and decades of research, lacks reliable biomarkers and risk stratification tools. We showed that raw R-R interval data and its common descriptors based on mean and variance are nonergodic and non-specific. On the other hand, the cascade-dynamical descriptors, the Hurst exponent encoding linear temporal correlations, and multifractal nonlinearity encoding nonlinear interactions across scales described the nonergodic heart rate variability more ergodically and were specific. This study inaugurates applying the critical concept of ergodicity in discovering and applying digital biomarkers of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Mangalam
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
| | - Arash Sadri
- Lyceum Scientific Charity, Tehran, Iran
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P94V+8MF, Iran
| | - Junichiro Hayano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Eiichi Watanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 454-0012, Japan
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Damian G Kelty-Stephen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, 12561, USA
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Winder K, Villegas Millar C, Siedler G, Knott M, Dörfler A, Engel A, Achenbach S, Hilz MJ, Kallmünzer B, Schwab S, Seifert F, Fröhlich K. Acute right insular ischaemic lesions and poststroke left ventricular dysfunction. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023; 8:301-306. [PMID: 36653066 PMCID: PMC10512080 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-001724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial injury related to acute ischaemic stroke is common even without primary cardiac disease. We intended to determine associations between values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and ischaemic stroke lesion sites. METHODS Of a local database, patients with acute first-ever ischaemic stroke confirmed by brain imaging but without pre-existing heart disease were included. The cardiac morphology and LVEF were obtained from transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography, and impaired LVEF was categorised as mild (35%-50%), moderate (34%-25%) and severe (<25%). Patient age, stroke severity, ischaemic lesion volume, prevalence of troponin I increase (>0.1 ng/mL), atrial fibrillation and cardiac wall motion abnormalities were assessed and compared between patients with and without impaired LVEF after stroke (significance: p<0.05). A multivariate voxelwise lesion analysis correlated LVEF after stroke with sites of ischaemic lesions. RESULTS Of 1209 patients who had a stroke, 231 (mean age 66.3±14.0 years) met the inclusion criteria; 40 patients (17.3%) had an impaired LVEF after stroke. Patients with impaired LVEF had higher infarct volumes (53.8 mL vs 30.0 mL, p=0.042), a higher prevalence of troponin increase (17.5% vs 4.2%, p=0.006), cardiac wall motion abnormalities (42.5% vs 5.2%, p<0.001) and atrial fibrillation (60.0% vs 26.2%, p<0.001) than patients with LVEF of >50%. The multivariate voxelwise lesion analysis yielded associations between decreased LVEF and damaged voxels in the insula, amygdala and operculum of the right hemisphere. CONCLUSION Our imaging analysis unveils a prominent role of the right hemispheric central autonomic network, especially of the insular cortex, in the brain-heart axis. Our results support preliminary evidence that acute ischaemic stroke in distinct brain regions of the central autonomic network may directly impair cardiac function and thus further supports the concept of a distinct stroke-heart syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Winder
- Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Villegas Millar
- Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Siedler
- Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Knott
- Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Engel
- Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max J Hilz
- Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Kallmünzer
- Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Fröhlich
- Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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EEG cortical activity and connectivity correlates of early sympathetic response during cold pressor test. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1338. [PMID: 36693870 PMCID: PMC9873641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified several brain regions involved in the sympathetic response and its integration with pain, cognition, emotions and memory processes. However, little is known about how such regions dynamically interact during a sympathetic activation task. In this study, we analyzed EEG activity and effective connectivity during a cold pressor test (CPT). A source localization analysis identified a network of common active sources including the right precuneus (r-PCu), right and left precentral gyri (r-PCG, l-PCG), left premotor cortex (l-PMC) and left anterior cingulate cortex (l-ACC). We comprehensively analyzed the network dynamics by estimating power variation and causal interactions among the network regions through the direct directed transfer function (dDTF). A connectivity pattern dominated by interactions in [Formula: see text] (8-12) Hz band was observed in the resting state, with r-PCu acting as the main hub of information flow. After the CPT onset, we observed an abrupt suppression of such [Formula: see text]-band interactions, followed by a partial recovery towards the end of the task. On the other hand, an increase of [Formula: see text]-band (1-4) Hz interactions characterized the first part of CPT task. These results provide novel information on the brain dynamics induced by sympathetic stimuli. Our findings suggest that the observed suppression of [Formula: see text] and rise of [Formula: see text] dynamical interactions could reflect non-pain-specific arousal and attention-related response linked to stimulus' salience.
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Ogren JA, Allen LA, Roy B, Diehl B, Stern JM, Eliashiv DS, Lhatoo SD, Harper RM, Kumar R. Regional variation in brain tissue texture in patients with tonic-clonic seizures. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274514. [PMID: 36137154 PMCID: PMC9499268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with epilepsy, who later succumb to sudden unexpected death, show altered brain tissue volumes in selected regions. It is unclear whether the alterations in brain tissue volume represent changes in neurons or glial properties, since volumetric procedures have limited sensitivity to assess the source of volume changes (e.g., neuronal loss or glial cell swelling). We assessed a measure, entropy, which can determine tissue homogeneity by evaluating tissue randomness, and thus, shows tissue integrity; the measure is easily calculated from T1-weighted images. T1-weighted images were collected with a 3.0-Tesla MRI from 53 patients with tonic-clonic (TC) seizures and 53 healthy controls; images were bias-corrected, entropy maps calculated, normalized to a common space, smoothed, and compared between groups (TC patients and controls using ANCOVA; covariates, age and sex; SPM12, family-wise error correction for multiple comparisons, p<0.01). Decreased entropy, indicative of increased tissue homogeneity, appeared in major autonomic (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, dorsal and ventral medulla, deep cerebellar nuclei), motor (sensory and motor cortex), or both motor and autonomic regulatory sites (basal-ganglia, ventral-basal cerebellum), and external surfaces of the pons. The anterior and posterior thalamus and midbrain also showed entropy declines. Only a few isolated regions showed increased entropy. Among the spared autonomic regions was the anterior cingulate and anterior insula; the posterior insula and cingulate were, however, affected. The entropy alterations overlapped areas of tissue changes found earlier with volumetric measures, but were more extensive, and indicate widespread injury to tissue within critical autonomic and breathing regulatory areas, as well as prominent damage to more-rostral sites that exert influences on both breathing and cardiovascular regulation. The entropy measures provide easily-collected supplementary information using only T1-weighted images, showing aspects of tissue integrity other than volume change that are important for assessing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Ogren
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Luke A. Allen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bhaswati Roy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Beate Diehl
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Stern
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dawn S. Eliashiv
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Samden D. Lhatoo
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ronald M. Harper
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Osakabe N, Fushimi T, Fujii Y. Hormetic response to B-type procyanidin ingestion involves stress-related neuromodulation via the gut-brain axis: Preclinical and clinical observations. Front Nutr 2022; 9:969823. [PMID: 36159457 PMCID: PMC9491694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.969823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-type procyanidins, a series of catechin oligomers, are among the most ingested polyphenols in the human diet. Results of meta-analyses have suggested that intake of B-type procyanidins reduces cardiovascular disease risk. Another recent focus has been on the effects of B-type procyanidins on central nervous system (CNS) function. Although long-term B-type procyanidin ingestion is linked to health benefits, a single oral intake has been reported to cause physiological alterations in circulation, metabolism, and the CNS. Comprehensive analyses of previous reports indicate an optimal mid-range dose for the hemodynamic effects of B-type procyanidins, with null responses at lower or higher doses, suggesting hormesis. Indeed, polyphenols, including B-type procyanidins, elicit hormetic responses in vitro, but animal and clinical studies are limited. Hormesis of hemodynamic and metabolic responses to B-type procyanidins was recently confirmed in animal studies, however, and our work has linked these effects to the CNS. Here, we evaluate the hormetic response elicited by B-type procyanidins, recontextualizing the results of intervention trials. In addition, we discuss the possibility that this hormetic response to B-type procyanidins arises via CNS neurotransmitter receptors. We have verified the direction of future research for B-type procyanidins in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Osakabe
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taiki Fushimi
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujii
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
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10
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Ottaviani MM, Macefield VG. Structure and Functions of the Vagus Nerve in Mammals. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3989-4037. [PMID: 35950655 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We review the structure and function of the vagus nerve, drawing on information obtained in humans and experimental animals. The vagus nerve is the largest and longest cranial nerve, supplying structures in the neck, thorax, and abdomen. It is also the only cranial nerve in which the vast majority of its innervation territory resides outside the head. While belonging to the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, the nerve is primarily sensory-it is dominated by sensory axons. We discuss the macroscopic and microscopic features of the nerve, including a detailed description of its extensive territory. Histochemical and genetic profiles of afferent and efferent axons are also detailed, as are the central nuclei involved in the processing of sensory information conveyed by the vagus nerve and the generation of motor (including parasympathetic) outflow via the vagus nerve. We provide a comprehensive review of the physiological roles of vagal sensory and motor neurons in control of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, and finish with a discussion on the interactions between the vagus nerve and the immune system. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-49, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo M Ottaviani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Abstract
ABSTRACT This article describes the forebrain neurocircuitry associated with rapid heart rate response at the exercise onset with attention to ascending somatosensory information from the Type I and II afferents from the contracting muscle and potential influence of sensory information related to blood pressure and changes in heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Skora LI, Livermore JJA, Roelofs K. The functional role of cardiac activity in perception and action. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104655. [PMID: 35395334 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SKORA, L.I., J.J.A. LIVERMORE and K. Roelofs. The functional role of cardiac activity in perception and action. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV X(X) XXX-XXX, 2022. Patterns of cardiac activity continuously vary with environmental demands, accelerating or decelerating depending on circumstances. Simultaneously, cardiac cycle affects a host of higher-order processes, where systolic baroreceptor activation largely impairs processing. However, a unified functional perspective on the role of cardiac signal in perception and action has been lacking. Here, we combine the existing strands of literature and use threat-, anticipation-, and error-related cardiac deceleration to show that deceleration is an adaptive mechanism dynamically attenuating the baroreceptor signal associated with each heartbeat to minimise its impact on exteroceptive processing. This mechanism allows to enhance attention afforded to external signal and prepare an appropriate course of action. Conversely, acceleration is associated with a reduced need to attend externally, enhanced action tendencies and behavioural readjustment. This novel account demonstrates that dynamic adjustments in heart rate serve the purpose of regulating the level of precision afforded to internal versus external evidence in order to optimise perception and action. This highlights that the importance of cardiac signal in adaptive behaviour lies in its dynamic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Skora
- Institute for Biological Psychology of Decision Making, Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK.
| | - J J A Livermore
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K Roelofs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6525HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Ng ACT, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Autonomic dysfunction in Huntington's disease: A 123I-MIBG study. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:649-651. [PMID: 32875522 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold C T Ng
- Department of Cardiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, UK
- The Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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14
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Santarnecchi E, Sprugnoli G, Sicilia I, Dukart J, Neri F, Romanella SM, Cerase A, Vatti G, Rocchi R, Rossi A. Thalamic altered spontaneous activity and connectivity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:314-327. [PMID: 34964182 PMCID: PMC9094633 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive snoring, repetitive apneas, and nocturnal arousals, that leads to fragmented sleep and intermittent nocturnal hypoxemia. Morphometric and functional brain alterations in cortical and subcortical structures have been documented in these patients via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), even if correlational data between the alterations in the brain and cognitive and clinical indexes are still not reported. METHODS We examined the impact of OSA on brain spontaneous activity by measuring the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in resting-state functional MRI data of 20 drug-naïve patients with OSA syndrome and 20 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and body mass index. RESULTS Patients showed a pattern of significantly abnormal subcortical functional activity as compared to controls, with increased activity selectively involving the thalami, specifically their intrinsic nuclei connected to somatosensory and motor-premotor cortical regions. Using these nuclei as seed regions, the subsequent functional connectivity analysis highlighted an increase in patients' thalamocortical connectivity at rest. Additionally, the correlation between fALFF and polysomnographic data revealed a possible link between OSA severity and fALFF of regions belonging to the central autonomic network. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a hyperactivation in thalamic diurnal activity in patients with OSA syndrome, which we interpret as a possible consequence of increased thalamocortical circuitry activation during nighttime due to repeated arousals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulia Sprugnoli
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Isabella Sicilia
- Center for Sleep Study, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara M. Romanella
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Cerase
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Section of Neuroradiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Vatti
- Center for Sleep Study, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaele Rocchi
- Center for Sleep Study, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Center for Sleep Study, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
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15
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Raghazli R, Othman AH, Kaka U, Abubakar AA, Imlan JC, Hamzah H, Sazili AQ, Goh YM. Physiological and electroencephalogram responses in goats subjected to pre-and during slaughter stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6396-6407. [PMID: 34764757 PMCID: PMC8568806 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive stress assessment is vital in understanding the impact of the pre-slaughter procedure on animal welfare. The transportation and handling process was commonly reported to cause stress in animals. This research utilises electroencephalography (EEG) as an alternative stress indicator to non-painful acute stress measurement. EEG has been proved to be instantaneous and sensitive with specific results. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the stress level of goats subjected to two different transportation duration and the effect of lairage based on their EEG activities and blood parameters changes. Eighteen adult male goats were divided into two transportation stress groups based on the transport duration: the two-hour (TS2) and six-hour (TS6) groups. Then, each group was then again divided into three smaller groups according to the lairage duration, which was three-hour (L3), six-hour (L6), and overnight (L12) groups. Blood was sampled before transport, after transport, and during slaughter while EEG was recorded before transport, after transport, after lairage, and during slaughter. Results revealed that there was a significant decrease in beta wave activity compared to baseline in TS2 goats (P < 0.05) after transportation, whereas no significant difference was detected in the TS6 goats. At the same time, goats from the TS2 group showed increase in creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared to that in TS6 goats. Together with the observed cortisol concentration, these findings showed that the TS6 goats were fully adapted to the transportation stress while the TS2 goats were still under stress. As for the lairage duration, it was observed that the TS2L3 goats showed lower EEG activities than the values obtained after two-hour transportation, while lower EEG activities were found from the TS6L6 goats after six-hour transportation. Therefore, it can be concluded that three-hour lairage was adequate to lower the impact of two hours transportation stress, whereas six-hour lairage was required to reduce the impact of six hours transportation stress. Finally, it was also found that the TS6L3, TS6L6, and TS6L12 groups took a long time to die after slaughter than the TS2L3, TS2L6, and TS2L12 goats based on the time their EEG activity reached isoelectric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razlina Raghazli
- Department of Veterinary Services, Wisma Tani, Presint 4, 62630 Putrajaya, Malaysia.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Services, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azalea-Hani Othman
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed A Abubakar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jurhamid C Imlan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan 9407, North Cotabato, Philippines
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Q Sazili
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Services, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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The Insular Cortex, Alzheimer Disease Pathology, and Their Effects on Blood Pressure Variability. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021; 34:282-291. [PMID: 32384285 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the human cardiovascular system is regulated by a cortical network comprised of the insular cortex (Ic), anterior cingulate gyrus, and amygdala which is necessary for the regulation of the central autonomic network system. Alzheimer disease (AD) affects the Ic at a preclinical stage. The pathology of AD at the Ic is suggested to predispose the cardiovascular system to detrimental changes such as increased blood pressure variability (BPV). In this review article, we focus on the physiology of the Ic in the relationship between the central autonomic network and BPV. We provide a summary of the published evidence regarding the relationship between Ic damage and exaggerated BPV in the context of AD pathology.
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17
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Karemaker JM. Interpretation of Heart Rate Variability: The Art of Looking Through a Keyhole. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:609570. [PMID: 33408610 PMCID: PMC7779618 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.609570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart may be a mirror of the soul, but the human mind is more than its heart rate variability (HRV). Many techniques to quantify HRV promise to give a view of what is going on in the body or even the psyche of the subject under study. This "Hypothesis" paper gives, on the one hand, a critical view on the field of HRV-analysis and, on the other hand, points out a possible direction of future applications. In view of the inherent variability of HRV and the underlying processes, as lined out here, the best use may be found in serial analysis in a subject/patient, to find changes over time that may help in early discovery of developing pathology. Not every future possibility is bright and shining, though, as demonstrated in a fictional diary excerpt from a future subject, living in a society geared toward preventive medicine. Here implanted biochips watch over the health of the population and artificial intelligence (AI) analyses the massive data flow to support the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Karemaker
- Department of Medical Biology, Section Systems Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Baker J, Kimpinski K. Evidence of Impaired Cerebellar Connectivity at Rest and During Autonomic Maneuvers in Patients with Autonomic Failure. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 19:30-39. [PMID: 31529276 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate whether patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) secondary to autonomic failure have impaired functional connectivity between the cerebellum and central autonomic structures during autonomic challenges. Fifteen healthy controls (61 ± 14 years) and 15 NOH patients (67 ± 6 years; p = 0.12) completed the following tasks during a functional brain MRI: (1) 5 min of rest, (2) 5 min of lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) performed at - 35 mmHg, and (3) Three, 15-s Valsalva maneuvers (VM) at 40 mmHg. Functional connectivity (Conn Toolbox V18) between central autonomic structures and discrete cerebellar regions involved in cardiovascular autonomic control, including the vermis and posterior cerebellum, was assessed using a regions-of-interest approach during rest, LBNP and VM. Functional connectivity was contrasted between controls and patients with autonomic failure. At rest, controls had significantly more intra-cerebellar connectivity and more connectivity between cerebellar lobule 9 and key central autonomic structures, including: bilateral anterior insula (TR-value: 4.84; TL-value: 4.51), anterior cingulate cortex (T-value: 3.41) and bilateral thalamus (TR-value: 3.95; TL-value: 4.51). During autonomic maneuvers, controls showed significantly more connectivity between cardiovascular cerebellar regions (lobule 9 and anterior vermis) and important autonomic regulatory sites, including the brainstem, hippocampus and cingulate: vermis-brainstem (T-value: 4.31), lobule 9-brainstem (TR-value, 5.29; TL-value, 4.53), vermis-hippocampus (T-value, 4.63), and vermis-cingulate (T-value, 4.18). Anatomical and functional studies in animals and humans substantiate a significant role for the cerebellum in cardiovascular autonomic control during postural adjustments. In the current study, patients with NOH related to autonomic failure showed evidence of reduced connectivity between cardiovascular cerebellar regions and several important central autonomic structures, including the brainstem. The cerebellum is an established structure in cardiovascular autonomic control; therefore, evidence of impaired cerebellar connectivity to other autonomic structures may further contribute to the inability to properly regulate blood pressure during postural changes in NOH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquie Baker
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, Rm. B7-140, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada.
| | - Kurt Kimpinski
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, Rm. B7-140, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Valenza G, Passamonti L, Duggento A, Toschi N, Barbieri R. Uncovering complex central autonomic networks at rest: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on complex cardiovascular oscillations. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190878. [PMID: 32183642 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to uncover brain areas that are functionally linked to complex cardiovascular oscillations in resting-state conditions. Multi-session functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and cardiovascular data were gathered from 34 healthy volunteers recruited within the human connectome project (the '100-unrelated subjects' release). Group-wise multi-level fMRI analyses in conjunction with complex instantaneous heartbeat correlates (entropy and Lyapunov exponent) revealed the existence of a specialized brain network, i.e. a complex central autonomic network (CCAN), reflecting what we refer to as complex autonomic control of the heart. Our results reveal CCAN areas comprised the paracingulate and cingulate gyri, temporal gyrus, frontal orbital cortex, planum temporale, temporal fusiform, superior and middle frontal gyri, lateral occipital cortex, angular gyrus, precuneous cortex, frontal pole, intracalcarine and supracalcarine cortices, parahippocampal gyrus and left hippocampus. The CCAN visible at rest does not include the insular cortex, thalamus, putamen, amygdala and right caudate, which are classical CAN regions peculiar to sympatho-vagal control. Our results also suggest that the CCAN is mainly involved in complex vagal control mechanisms, with possible links with emotional processing networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Valenza
- Bioengineering and Robotics Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Deparment of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milano, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Duggento
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Barbieri
- Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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20
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Valenza G, Duggento A, Passamonti L, Toschi N, Barbieri R. Resting State Neural Correlates of Cardiac Sympathetic Dynamics in Healthy Subjects. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:4330-4333. [PMID: 31946826 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) research have uncovered the existence of the central autonomic network (CAN), which comprises brain regions whose activity correlates with autonomic nervous system dynamics. By exploiting the spectral paradigm of heartbeat dynamics, cortical and sub-cortical areas functionally linked to vagal activity have been identified. However, due to methodological limitations, functional neural correlates of cardiac sympathetic dynamics remain uncharacterized. To this extent, we exploit the high spatiotemporal resolution of fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project to study the CAN activity by correlating a recently proposed instantaneous characterization of sympathetic activity (the sympathetic activity index - SAI) from heartbeat dynamics. SAI estimates are embedded into the probabilistic modeling of inhomogeneous point-processes, and are derived from a combination of disentangling coefficients linked to the orthonormal Laguerre functions. By analyzing resting state recordings from 34 young healthy people, we obtain positive correlations between instantaneous SAI estimates and a number of brain regions including frontal pole, insular cortex, frontal and temporal gyri, lateral occipital cortex, paracingulate and cingulate gyri, precuneus and temporal fusiform cortices, as well as thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, brain-stem, hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens. Our findings significantly extend current knowledge on the CAN, opening new avenues in the characterization of healthy and pathological states in humans.
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21
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Winder K, Linker RA, Seifert F, Wang R, Lee DH, Engelhorn T, Dörfler A, Fröhlich K, Hilz M. Cerebral lesion correlates of sympathetic cardiovascular activation in multiple sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:5083-5093. [PMID: 31403742 PMCID: PMC6865522 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and contributes significantly to disability. We hypothesized that cerebral MS‐lesions in specific areas of the central autonomic network might account for imbalance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular modulation. Therefore, we used voxel‐based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) to determine associations between cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and cerebral MS‐related lesion sites. In 74 MS‐patients (mean age 37.0 ± 10.5 years), we recorded electrocardiographic RR‐intervals and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Using trigonometric regressive spectral analysis, we assessed low (0.04–0.15 Hz) and high (0.15–0.5 Hz) frequency RR‐interval‐and blood pressure‐oscillations and determined parasympathetically mediated RR‐interval–high‐frequency modulation, mainly sympathetically mediated RR‐interval–low‐frequency modulation, sympathetically mediated blood pressure‐low‐frequency modulation, and the ratios of sympathetic and parasympathetic RR‐interval‐modulation as an index of sympathetic‐parasympathetic balance. Cerebral MS‐lesions were analyzed on imaging scans. We performed a VLSM‐analysis correlating parameters of autonomic dysfunction with cerebral MS‐lesion sites. The VLSM‐analysis showed associations between increased RR‐interval low‐frequency/high‐frequency ratios and lesions most prominently in the left insular, hippocampal, and right frontal inferior opercular region, and a smaller lesion cluster in the right middle cerebellar peduncle. Increased blood pressure‐low‐frequency powers were associated with lesions primarily in the right posterior parietal white matter and again left insular region. Our data indicate associations between a shift of cardiovascular sympathetic‐parasympathetic balance toward increased sympathetic modulation and left insular and hippocampal lesions, areas of the central autonomic network. The VLSM‐analysis further distinguished between right inferior fronto‐opercular lesions disinhibiting cardiac sympathetic activation and right posterior parietal lesions increasing sympathetic blood pressure modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Winder
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruihao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - De-Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Fröhlich
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Hilz
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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22
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Baker J, Kimpinski K. Reduced brainstem functional connectivity in patients with peripheral autonomic failure. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101924. [PMID: 31491816 PMCID: PMC6617337 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic homeostasis is dependent upon several brainstem nuclei, as well as several cortical and subcortical structures. Together, these sites make up, in part, the central autonomic network. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) is a cardinal feature of autonomic failure that occurs due to a failure to increase sympathetic efferent activity in response to postural changes. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate brainstem functional connectivity in NOH patients with peripheral autonomic lesions resulting in autonomic failure. Fifteen controls (63 ± 13 years) and fifteen Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension patients (67 ± 6 years; p = .2) with peripheral autonomic dysfunction completed 5-min of rest and three Valsalva maneuvers during a functional brain scan. Functional connectivity from the brainstem to cortical and subcortical structures were contrasted between patients and controls. At rest controls had significantly greater brainstem connectivity to the anterior cingulate cortex (T-value: 4.29), left anterior insula (T-value:3.31), left putamen (T-value:3.31) and bilateral thalamus (TRIGHT-value: 3.83; TLEFT-value:4.25) (p-FDR < 0.005). During Valsalva, controls showed significantly more connectivity between the brainstem and both the left anterior (cerebellum 4/5) and bilateral posterior cerebellum (cerebellar 9 and left cerebellar 6). Other cerebellar regions included brainstem-to-vermis. Other brainstem-to-cortical and subcortical regions included: bilateral putamen, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. There was a significant negative correlation between the brainstem-cerebellar connectivity and severity of autonomic dysfunction (p < .01). During recovery phase of the Valsalva, controls had greater brainstem connectivity to the left thalamus (T-value:4.17); PCC (T-value:3.32); right putamen (T-value:3.28); right paracingulate gyrus (T-value:3.25) and left posterior cerebellum (C9) (T-value:3.21) (p-FDR < 0.05). The effect sizes for each brainstem connectivity during Valsalva and recovery ranged from moderate to strong. Patients with autonomic failure show reduced coupling between the brainstem and regions of the central autonomic network, including the cerebellum, insula, thalamus and cingulate cortices. Connectivity was associated with autonomic impairment. These findings may suggest impaired brainstem connectivity in patients with autonomic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquie Baker
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kurt Kimpinski
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Reinelt J, Uhlig M, Müller K, Lauckner ME, Kumral D, Schaare HL, Baczkowski BM, Babayan A, Erbey M, Roebbig J, Reiter A, Bae YJ, Kratzsch J, Thiery J, Hendler T, Villringer A, Gaebler M. Acute psychosocial stress alters thalamic network centrality. Neuroimage 2019; 199:680-690. [PMID: 31173902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute stress triggers a broad psychophysiological response that is adaptive if rapidly activated and terminated. While the brain controls the stress response, it is strongly affected by it. Previous research of stress effects on brain activation and connectivity has mainly focused on pre-defined brain regions or networks, potentially missing changes in the rest of the brain. We here investigated how both stress reactivity and stress recovery are reflected in whole-brain network topology and how changes in functional connectivity relate to other stress measures. Healthy young males (n = 67) completed the Trier Social Stress Test or a control task. From 60 min before until 105 min after stress onset, blocks of resting-state fMRI were acquired. Subjective, autonomic, and endocrine measures of the stress response were assessed throughout the experiment. Whole-brain network topology was quantified using Eigenvector centrality (EC) mapping, which detects central hubs of a network. Stress influenced subjective affect, autonomic activity, and endocrine measures. EC differences between groups as well as before and after stress exposure were found in the thalamus, due to widespread connectivity changes in the brain. Stress-driven EC increases in the thalamus were significantly correlated with subjective stress ratings and showed non-significant trends for a correlation with heart rate variability and saliva cortisol. Furthermore, increases in thalamic EC and in saliva cortisol persisted until 105 min after stress onset. We conclude that thalamic areas are central for information processing after stress exposure and may provide an interface for the stress response in the rest of the body and in the mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Reinelt
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marie Uhlig
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Müller
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mark E Lauckner
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deniz Kumral
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Lina Schaare
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Blazej M Baczkowski
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anahit Babayan
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miray Erbey
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; International Max Planck School on the Life Course, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefin Roebbig
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Reiter
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoon-Ju Bae
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM) of the Medical Faculty at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juergen Kratzsch
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM) of the Medical Faculty at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM) of the Medical Faculty at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Talma Hendler
- School of Psychological Science, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gaebler
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kim K, Ladenbauer J, Babo-Rebelo M, Buot A, Lehongre K, Adam C, Hasboun D, Lambrecq V, Navarro V, Ostojic S, Tallon-Baudry C. Resting-State Neural Firing Rate Is Linked to Cardiac-Cycle Duration in the Human Cingulate and Parahippocampal Cortices. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3676-3686. [PMID: 30842247 PMCID: PMC6510341 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2291-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation and functional imaging studies have revealed the existence of a large network of cortical regions involved in the regulation of heart rate. However, very little is known about the link between cortical neural firing and cardiac-cycle duration (CCD). Here, we analyze single-unit and multiunit data obtained in humans at rest, and show that firing rate covaries with CCD in 16.7% of the sample (25 of 150). The link between firing rate and CCD was most prevalent in the anterior medial temporal lobe (entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, anterior hippocampus, and amygdala), where 36% (18 of 50) of the units show the effect, and to a lesser extent in the mid-to-anterior cingulate cortex (11.1%, 5 of 45). The variance in firing rate explained by CCD ranged from 0.5 to 11%. Several lines of analysis indicate that neural firing influences CCD, rather than the other way around, and that neural firing affects CCD through vagally mediated mechanisms in most cases. These results show that part of the spontaneous fluctuations in firing rate can be attributed to the cortical control of the cardiac cycle. The fine tuning of the regulation of CCD represents a novel physiological factor accounting for spontaneous variance in firing rate. It remains to be determined whether the "noise" introduced in firing rate by the regulation of CCD is detrimental or beneficial to the cognitive information processing carried out in the parahippocampal and cingulate regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fluctuations in heart rate are known to be under the control of cortical structures, but spontaneous fluctuations in cortical firing rate, or "noise," have seldom been related to heart rate. Here, we analyze unit activity in humans at rest and show that spontaneous fluctuations in neural firing in the medial temporal lobe, as well as in the mid-to-anterior cingulate cortex, influence heart rate. This phenomenon was particularly pronounced in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, where it could be observed in one of three neurons. Our results show that part of spontaneous firing rate variability in regions best known for their cognitive role in spatial navigation and memory corresponds to precise physiological regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayeon Kim
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France,
| | - Josef Ladenbauer
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mariana Babo-Rebelo
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
| | - Anne Buot
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Katia Lehongre
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
| | - Claude Adam
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
- Epileptology Unit and Neurophysiology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière Charles Foix, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hasboun
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
- Epileptology Unit and Neurophysiology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière Charles Foix, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Lambrecq
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
- Epileptology Unit and Neurophysiology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière Charles Foix, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Navarro
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France, and
- Epileptology Unit and Neurophysiology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière Charles Foix, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Srdjan Ostojic
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Tallon-Baudry
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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Tessa C, Toschi N, Orsolini S, Valenza G, Lucetti C, Barbieri R, Diciotti S. Central modulation of parasympathetic outflow is impaired in de novo Parkinson's disease patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210324. [PMID: 30653564 PMCID: PMC6336270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Task- and stimulus-based neuroimaging studies have begun to unveil the central autonomic network which modulates autonomic nervous system activity. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the central autonomic network without the bias constituted by the use of a task. Additionally, we assessed whether this circuitry presents signs of dysregulation in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a condition which may be associated with dysautonomia. We combined heart-rate-variability based methods for time-varying assessments of the autonomic nervous system outflow with resting-state fMRI in 14 healthy controls and 14 de novo PD patients, evaluating the correlations between fMRI time-series and the instantaneous high-frequency component of the heart-rate-variability power spectrum, a marker of parasympathetic outflow. In control subjects, the high-frequency component of the heart-rate-variability power spectrum was significantly anti-correlated with fMRI time-series in several cortical, subcortical and brainstem regions. This complex central network was not detectable in PD patients. In between-group analysis, we found that in healthy controls the brain activation related to the high-frequency component of the heart-rate-variability power spectrum was significantly less than in PD patients in the mid and anterior cingulum, sensorimotor cortex and supplementary motor area, insula and temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and in a region encompassing posterior cingulum, precuneus and parieto-occipital cortex. Our results indicate that the complex central network which modulates parasympathetic outflow in the resting state is impaired in the early clinical stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Tessa
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Versilia Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Lido di Camaiore (Lu), Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Stefano Orsolini
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Research Center E. Piaggio and Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Lucetti
- Division of Neurology, Versilia Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Lido di Camaiore (Lu), Italy
| | - Riccardo Barbieri
- Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Diciotti
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Angius L, Marcora SM, Hopker JG, Mauger AR. The Effect of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Left and Right Temporal Cortex on the Cardiovascular Response: A Comparative Study. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1822. [PMID: 30618831 PMCID: PMC6305457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stimulation of the right and left anterior insular cortex, increases and decreases the cardiovascular response respectively, thus indicating the brain’s lateralization of the neural control of circulation. Previous experiments have demonstrated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates the autonomic cardiovascular control when applied over the temporal cortex. Given the importance of neural control for a normal hemodynamic response, and the potential for the use of tDCS in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, this study investigated whether tDCS was capable of modulating autonomic regulation. Methods: Cardiovascular response was monitored during a post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) test, which is well-documented to increase sympathetic drive. A group of 12 healthy participants performed a PEMI test in a control (Control), sham (Sham) and two different experimental sessions where the anodal electrode was applied over the left temporal cortex and right temporal cortex with the cathodal electrode placed over the contralateral supraorbital area. Stimulation lasted 20 min at 2 mA. The hemodynamic profile was measured during a PEMI test. The cardiovascular parameters were continuously measured with a transthoracic bio-impedance device both during the PEMI test and during tDCS. Results: None of the subjects presented any side effects during or after tDCS stimulation. A consistent cardiovascular response during PEMI test was observed in all conditions. Statistical analysis did not find any significant interaction and any significant main effect of condition on cardiovascular parameters (all ps > 0.316) after tDCS. No statistical differences regarding the hemodynamic responses were found between conditions and time during tDCS stimulation (p > 0.05). Discussion: This is the first study comparing the cardiovascular response after tDCS stimulation of left and right TC both during exercise and at rest. The results of the current study suggest that anodal tDCS of the left and right TC does not affect functional cardiovascular response during exercise PEMI test and during tDCS. In light of the present and previous findings, the effect of tDCS on the cardiovascular response remains inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Angius
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Samuele M Marcora
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - James G Hopker
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis R Mauger
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
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Fröhlich K, Linker RA, Engelhorn T, Dörfler A, Lee DH, Huhn K, Schwab S, Hilz MJ, Seifert F, Winder K. Brain MRI Lesions are Related to Bowel Incontinence in Multiple Sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 2018; 29:211-217. [PMID: 30537408 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bowel incontinence in multiple sclerosis might be associated with specific lesion sites. This study intended to determine associations between bowel incontinence and cerebral multiple sclerosis lesions using a voxel-wise lesion symptom mapping analysis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of multiple sclerosis patients with self-reported bowel incontinence and matched controls. Lesions were manually outlined on T2-weighted MRI scans and transformed into stereotaxic space. We performed a voxel-wise subtraction analysis subtracting the lesion overlap of patients without from patients with bowel incontinence. Finally, we compared the absence or presence of bowel incontinence between patients with and without lesions in a given voxel using the Liebermeister test. RESULTS A total of 51 patients were included in the study. The analysis yielded associations between bowel incontinence and lesions in the supramarginal gyrus of the left secondary somatosensory cortex and another lesion cluster in the right parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicates associations between bowel incontinence and lesions in the left supramarginal gyral area contributing to integrating anorectal-visceral sensation and in the right parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala contributing to generating visceral autonomic arousal states. Moreover, our results suggest left hemispheric dominance of sensory visceral integration, while limbic areas of the right hemisphere seem to contribute to the autonomic component of the defecation process. A limitation of our study is the retrospective evaluation of the bowel incontinence status based on medical records. Further research should evaluate the bowel incontinence status in multiple sclerosis patients prospectively to overcome the limitations of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Fröhlich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - De-Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Huhn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max J Hilz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klemens Winder
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Sklerov M, Dayan E, Browner N. Functional neuroimaging of the central autonomic network: recent developments and clinical implications. Clin Auton Res 2018; 29:555-566. [PMID: 30470943 PMCID: PMC6858471 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-018-0577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The central autonomic network (CAN) is an intricate system of brainstem, subcortical, and cortical structures that play key roles in the function of the autonomic nervous system. Prior to the advent of functional neuroimaging, in vivo studies of the human CAN were limited. The purpose of this review is to highlight the contribution of functional neuroimaging, specifically functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to the study of the CAN, and to discuss recent advances in this area. Additionally, we aim to emphasize exciting areas for future research. Methods We reviewed the existing literature in functional neuroimaging of the CAN. Here, we focus on fMRI research conducted in healthy human subjects, as well as research that has been done in disease states, to understand CAN function. To minimize confounding, papers examining CAN function in the context of cognition, emotion, pain, and affective disorders were excluded. Results fMRI has led to significant advances in the understanding of human CAN function. The CAN is composed of widespread brainstem and forebrain structures that are intricately connected and play key roles in reflexive and modulatory control of autonomic function. Conclusions fMRI technology has contributed extensively to current knowledge of CAN function. It holds promise to serve as a biomarker in disease states. With ongoing advancements in fMRI technology, there is great opportunity and need for future research involving the CAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sklerov
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, CB# 7025, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Eran Dayan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, 130 Mason Farm Road, CB# 7513, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nina Browner
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, CB# 7025, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Chakravarthy S, Balasubramani PP, Mandali A, Jahanshahi M, Moustafa AA. The many facets of dopamine: Toward an integrative theory of the role of dopamine in managing the body's energy resources. Physiol Behav 2018; 195:128-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Riganello F, Larroque SK, Bahri MA, Heine L, Martial C, Carrière M, Charland-Verville V, Aubinet C, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Chatelle C, Laureys S, Di Perri C. A Heartbeat Away From Consciousness: Heart Rate Variability Entropy Can Discriminate Disorders of Consciousness and Is Correlated With Resting-State fMRI Brain Connectivity of the Central Autonomic Network. Front Neurol 2018; 9:769. [PMID: 30258400 PMCID: PMC6145008 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Disorders of consciousness are challenging to diagnose, with inconsistent behavioral responses, motor and cognitive disabilities, leading to approximately 40% misdiagnoses. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the complexity of the heart-brain two-way dynamic interactions. HRV entropy analysis quantifies the unpredictability and complexity of the heart rate beats intervals. We here investigate the complexity index (CI), a score of HRV complexity by aggregating the non-linear multi-scale entropies over a range of time scales, and its discriminative power in chronic patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS), and its relation to brain functional connectivity. Methods: We investigated the CI in short (CIs) and long (CIl) time scales in 14 UWS and 16 MCS sedated. CI for MCS and UWS groups were compared using a Mann-Whitney exact test. Spearman's correlation tests were conducted between the Coma Recovery Scale-revised (CRS-R) and both CI. Discriminative power of both CI was assessed with One-R machine learning model. Correlation between CI and brain connectivity (detected with functional magnetic resonance imagery using seed-based and hypothesis-free intrinsic connectivity) was investigated using a linear regression in a subgroup of 10 UWS and 11 MCS patients with sufficient image quality. Results: Higher CIs and CIl values were observed in MCS compared to UWS. Positive correlations were found between CRS-R and both CI. The One-R classifier selected CIl as the best discriminator between UWS and MCS with 90% accuracy, 7% false positive and 13% false negative rates after a 10-fold cross-validation test. Positive correlations were observed between both CI and the recovery of functional connectivity of brain areas belonging to the central autonomic networks (CAN). Conclusion: CI of MCS compared to UWS patients has high discriminative power and low false negative rate at one third of the estimated human assessors' misdiagnosis, providing an easy, inexpensive and non-invasive diagnostic tool. CI reflects functional connectivity changes in the CAN, suggesting that CI can provide an indirect way to screen and monitor connectivity changes in this neural system. Future studies should assess the extent of CI's predictive power in a larger cohort of patients and prognostic power in acute patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Riganello
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University & Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Research in Advanced NeuroRehabilitation, Istituto S. Anna, Crotone, Italy
| | - Stephen Karl Larroque
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University & Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center in vivo Imaging, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Lizette Heine
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University & Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Manon Carrière
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University & Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Charlène Aubinet
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University & Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse
- Sensation & Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University & Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Camille Chatelle
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University & Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University & Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Carol Di Perri
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University & Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Baker J, Paturel JR, Kimpinski K. Cerebellar impairment during an orthostatic challenge in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 130:189-195. [PMID: 30527385 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compare activation patterns within the cortical autonomic network in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) versus healthy age-matched controls during an orthostatic challenge. METHODS Fifteen health controls and 15 NOH patients performed 3 Valsalva maneuvers, and 5-min of lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) during a functional brain MRI. RESULTS Compared to controls, NOH patients had significantly less activation within the cerebellum during both LBNP and VM. Both groups had significant activation of the bilateral insula and left thalamus during LBNP. No significant differences were found during the recovery phase of LBNP. CONCLUSIONS The cerebellum, which plays an important role in vestibulo-sympathetic reflexes, important for blood pressure adjustments during postural changes, appear to be affected in patients with NOH. The cerebellum also appears to be affected during other baroreflex mediated stressors such as the VM. SIGNIFICANCE Orthostatic reflexes mediated by the cerebellum may be impaired in patients with NOH. The results suggest an additional pathological pathway in patients with autonomic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquie Baker
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin R Paturel
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kurt Kimpinski
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Valenza G, Duggento A, Passamonti L, Diciotti S, Tessa C, Barbieri R, Toschi N. Resting-state brain correlates of instantaneous autonomic outflow. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:3325-3328. [PMID: 29060609 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A prominent pathway of brain-heart interaction is represented by autonomic nervous system (ANS) heartbeat modulation. While within-brain resting state networks have been the object of intense functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) research, technological and methodological limitations have hampered research on the central correlates of cardiovascular control dynamics. Here we combine the high temporal and spatial resolution as well as data volume afforded by the Human Connectome Project with a probabilistic model of heartbeat dynamics to characterize central correlates of sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS activity at rest. We demonstrate an involvement of a number of brain regions such as the Insular cortex, Frontal Gyrus, Lateral Occipital Cortex, Paracingulate and Cingulate Gyrus and Precuneous Cortex, as well as subcortical structures (Thalamus, Putamen, Pallidum, Brain-Stem, Hippocampus, Amygdala, and Right Caudate) in the modulation of ANS-mediated cardiovascular control, possibly indicating a broader definition of the central autonomic network (CAN). Our findings provide a basis for an informed neurobiological interpretation of the numerous studies which employ HRV-related measures as standalone biomarkers in health and disease.
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Valenza G, Duggento A, Passamonti L, Diciotti S, Tessa C, Toschi N, Barbieri R. Resting-state brain correlates of cardiovascular complexity. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:3317-3320. [PMID: 29060607 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
While estimates of complex heartbeat dynamics have provided effective prognostic and diagnostic markers for a wide range of pathologies, brain correlates of complex cardiac measures in general and of complex sympatho-vagal dynamics in particular are still unknown. In this study we combine resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and physiological signal acquisition from 34 healthy subjects selected from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) repository with inhomogeneous point-process approximate and sample heartbeat entropy measures (ipApEn and ipSampEn) to investigate brain areas involved in complex cardiovascular control. Our results show that activity in the Temporal Gyrus, Frontal Orbital Cortex, Temporal Fusiform and Opercular cortices, Planum Temporale, and Paracingulate cortex are negatively correlated with ipApEn dynamics. Activity in the same cortical areas as well as in the Temporal Fusiform cortex are negatively correlated with ipSampEn dynamics. No significant positive correlations were found. These pioneering results suggest that cardiovascular complexity at rest is linked to a few specific cortical brain structures, including crucial areas connected with parasympathetic outflow. This corroborates the hypothesis of a multidimensional central network which controls nonlinear cardiac dynamics under a predominantly vagally-driven tone.
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Al-Khazraji BK, Shoemaker JK. The human cortical autonomic network and volitional exercise in health and disease. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1122-1130. [PMID: 30058352 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system elicits continuous beat-by-beat homeostatic adjustments to cardiovascular control. These modifications are mediated by sensory inputs (e.g., baroreceptors, metaboreceptors, pulmonary, thermoreceptors, and chemoreceptors afferents), integration at the brainstem control centres (i.e., medulla), and efferent autonomic neural outputs (e.g., spinal, preganglionic, and postganglionic pathways). However, extensive electrical stimulation and functional imaging research show that the brain's higher cortical regions (e.g., insular cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex) partake in homeostatic regulation of the cardiovascular system at rest and during exercise. We now appreciate that these cortical areas form a network, namely the "cortical autonomic network" (CAN), which operate as part of a larger central autonomic network comprising 2-way communication of cortical and subcortical areas to exert autonomic influence. Interestingly, differential patterns of CAN activity and ensuing cardiovascular control are present in disease states, thereby highlighting the importance of considering the role of CAN as an integral aspect of cardiovascular regulation in health and disease. This review discusses current knowledge on human cortical autonomic activation during volitional exercise, and the role of exercise training on this activation in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraa K Al-Khazraji
- a School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,b Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Kevin Shoemaker
- a School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,b Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,c Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
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Xavier CH, Mendonça MM, Marins FR, da Silva ES, Ianzer D, Colugnati DB, Pedrino GR, Fontes MAP. Stating asymmetry in neural pathways: methodological trends in autonomic neuroscience. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:1078-1085. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1473396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Michelle Mendanha Mendonça
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Marins
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elder Sales da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ianzer
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Diego Basile Colugnati
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Peliky Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Shoemaker JK, Klassen SA, Badrov MB, Fadel PJ. Fifty years of microneurography: learning the language of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in humans. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:1731-1744. [PMID: 29412776 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00841.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a primary component of homeostasis, the sympathetic nervous system enables rapid adjustments to stress through its ability to communicate messages among organs and cause targeted and graded end organ responses. Key in this communication model is the pattern of neural signals emanating from the central to peripheral components of the sympathetic nervous system. But what is the communication strategy employed in peripheral sympathetic nerve activity (SNA)? Can we develop and interpret the system of coding in SNA that improves our understanding of the neural control of the circulation? In 1968, Hagbarth and Vallbo (Hagbarth KE, Vallbo AB. Acta Physiol Scand 74: 96-108, 1968) reported the first use of microneurographic methods to record sympathetic discharges in peripheral nerves of conscious humans, allowing quantification of SNA at rest and sympathetic responsiveness to physiological stressors in health and disease. This technique also has enabled a growing investigation into the coding patterns within, and cardiovascular outcomes associated with, postganglionic SNA. This review outlines how results obtained by microneurographic means have improved our understanding of SNA outflow patterns at the action potential level, focusing on SNA directed toward skeletal muscle in conscious humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Stephen A Klassen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Mark B Badrov
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas
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Makovac E, Garfinkel S, Bassi A, Basile B, Macaluso E, Cercignani M, Calcagnini G, Mattei E, Mancini M, Agalliu D, Cortelli P, Caltagirone C, Critchley H, Bozzali M. Fear processing is differentially affected by lateralized stimulation of carotid baroreceptors. Cortex 2018; 99:200-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Winder K, Linker RA, Seifert F, Deutsch M, Engelhorn T, Dörfler A, Lee DH, Hösl KM, Hilz MJ. Insular multiple sclerosis lesions are associated with erectile dysfunction. J Neurol 2018; 265:783-792. [PMID: 29392463 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Erectile function (EF) is frequently compromised in men with multiple sclerosis (MS). Functional neuroimaging in healthy men identified a network of brain areas, such as the insula, visual and somatosensory association areas, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex, as well as subcortical regions, contributing to EF. This study intended to determine associations between EF deterioration during MS and cerebral MS-associated lesion sites. In 31 men with MS (mean age 38.2 ± 11.2 years), we evaluated MS-related EF deterioration by comparing scores of the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function-5 questionnaire (IIEF5) at the time of study and retrospectively, 3 months prior to MS diagnosis, by calculating score differences as DeltaIIEF5 (DeltaIIEF5 score < 0 indicated EF deterioration). To assess the impact of confounding factors of EF, patient age, disease duration, disease severity, depressiveness, bladder and bowel symptoms, and total cerebral MS lesion volume were correlated with DeltaIIEF5 scores (Spearman rank correlation) and compared between patients with and without EF deterioration (t tests or Mann-Whitney U test). MS lesions were assessed on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 1.5 or 3 T). We determined the lesion overlap (prevalence of identical lesion sites among patients), subtracted lesion overlaps in patients without EF deterioration from overlaps in patients with EF deterioration, and compared DeltaIIEF5 scores voxel-wise between patients with and without lesions in a given voxel (t test; significance: p < 0.05). In 14 patients (45.2%), DeltaIIEF5 scores indicated EF deterioration. DeltaIIEF5 scores were not associated with age (ρ = 0.06; p = 0.74), disease duration (ρ = 0.26; p = 0.15), disease severity (ρ = - 0.19; p = 0.31), depressiveness (ρ = 0.07; p = 0.72), bladder symptoms (ρ = - 0.11; p = 0.57), bowel symptoms (ρ = 0.17; p = 0.37), and total lesion volume (ρ = - 0.13; p = 0.47). The voxel-wise analysis showed associations between EF deterioration and MS lesions primarily in the bilateral, and predominantly left juxtacortical insular region. In conclusion, MS lesions particularly in the left insular region, which is activated with sexual arousal, contribute to erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Winder
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Deutsch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - De-Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina M Hösl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Max J Hilz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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39
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Taylor KS, Millar PJ, Murai H, Haruki N, Kimmerly DS, Bradley TD, Floras JS. Cortical autonomic network gray matter and sympathetic nerve activity in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 2017; 41:4773854. [PMID: 29309669 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic excitation elicited acutely by obstructive apnea during sleep (OSA) carries over into wakefulness. We hypothesized that OSA induces structural changes in the insula and cingulate, key central autonomic network elements with projections to brainstem sympathetic premotor regions. The aims of this study were to (1) apply two distinct but complementary methods (cortical thickness analysis [CTA] and voxel-based morphometry [VBM]) to compare insula and cingulate gray matter thickness in participants without and with OSA; (2) determine whether oxygen desaturation index (ODI) relates to cortical thickness; and (3) determine whether cortical thickness or volume in these regions predicts muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) burst incidence (BI). Overnight polysomnography, anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, and MSNA data were acquired in 41 participants with no or mild OSA (n = 19; 59 ± 2 years [Mean ± SE]; six females; apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] 7 ± 1 events per hour) or moderate-to-severe OSA (n = 22; 59 ± 2 years; five females; AHI 31 ± 4 events per hour). Between-group CTA analyses identified cortical thinning within the left dorsal posterior insula and thickening within the left mid-cingulate cortex (LMCC), whereas VBM identified thickening within bilateral thalami (all [p < .05]). CTA revealed inverse relationships between ODI and bilateral dpIC and left posterior cingulate cortex (LPCC) or precuneus thickness. Positive correlations between BI and LMCC gray matter thickness or volume were evident with both methods and between BI and left posterior thalamus volume using VBM. In OSA, the magnitude of insular thinning, although a function of hypoxia severity, does not influence MSNA, whereas cingulate and thalamic thickening relate directly to the intensity of sympathetic discharge during wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri S Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip J Millar
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hisayoshi Murai
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuhiko Haruki
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek S Kimmerly
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - T Douglas Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John S Floras
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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40
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A review of human neuroimaging investigations involved with central autonomic regulation of baroreflex-mediated cardiovascular control. Auton Neurosci 2017; 207:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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41
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Wood KN, Badrov MB, Speechley MR, Shoemaker JK. Regional cerebral cortical thickness correlates with autonomic outflow. Auton Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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42
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Gianaros PJ, Sheu LK, Uyar F, Koushik J, Jennings JR, Wager TD, Singh A, Verstynen TD. A Brain Phenotype for Stressor-Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006053. [PMID: 28835356 PMCID: PMC5634271 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Individuals who exhibit large‐magnitude blood pressure (BP) reactions to acute psychological stressors are at risk for hypertension and premature death by cardiovascular disease. This study tested whether a multivariate pattern of stressor‐evoked brain activity could reliably predict individual differences in BP reactivity, providing novel evidence for a candidate neurophysiological source of stress‐related cardiovascular risk. Methods and Results Community‐dwelling adults (N=310; 30–51 years; 153 women) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with concurrent BP monitoring while completing a standardized battery of stressor tasks. Across individuals, the battery evoked an increase systolic and diastolic BP relative to a nonstressor baseline period (M ∆systolic BP/∆diastolic BP=4.3/1.9 mm Hg [95% confidence interval=3.7–5.0/1.4–2.3 mm Hg]). Using cross‐validation and machine learning approaches, including dimensionality reduction and linear shrinkage models, a multivariate pattern of stressor‐evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging activity was identified in a training subsample (N=206). This multivariate pattern reliably predicted both systolic BP (r=0.32; P<0.005) and diastolic BP (r=0.25; P<0.01) reactivity in an independent subsample used for testing and replication (N=104). Brain areas encompassed by the pattern that were strongly predictive included those implicated in psychological stressor processing and cardiovascular responding through autonomic pathways, including the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula. Conclusions A novel multivariate pattern of stressor‐evoked brain activity may comprise a phenotype that partly accounts for individual differences in BP reactivity, a stress‐related cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA .,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lei K Sheu
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Fatma Uyar
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jayanth Koushik
- Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J Richard Jennings
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tor D Wager
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO
| | - Aarti Singh
- Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Timothy D Verstynen
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
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43
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Winder K, Seifert F, Köhrmann M, Crodel C, Kloska S, Dörfler A, Hösl KM, Schwab S, Hilz MJ. Lesion mapping of stroke-related erectile dysfunction. Brain 2017; 140:1706-1717. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jeong HS, Choi EK, Song IU, Chung YA, Park JS, Oh JK. Differences in Brain Glucose Metabolism During Preparation for 131I Ablation in Thyroid Cancer Patients: Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal Versus Recombinant Human Thyrotropin. Thyroid 2017; 27:23-28. [PMID: 27774839 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preparation for 131I ablation, temporary withdrawal of thyroid hormone is commonly used in patients with thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy. The current study aimed to investigate brain glucose metabolism and its relationships with mood or cognitive function in these patients using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET). METHOD A total of 40 consecutive adult patients with thyroid carcinoma who had undergone total thyroidectomy were recruited for this cross-sectional study. At the time of assessment, 20 patients were hypothyroid after two weeks of thyroid hormone withdrawal, while 20 received thyroid hormone replacement therapy and were euthyroid. All participants underwent brain 18F-FDG-PET scans and completed mood questionnaires and cognitive tests. Multivariate spatial covariance analysis and univariate voxel-wise analysis were applied for the image data. RESULTS The hypothyroid patients were more anxious and depressed than the euthyroid participants. The multivariate covariance analysis showed increases in glucose metabolism primarily in the bilateral insula and surrounding areas and concomitant decreases in the parieto-occipital regions in the hypothyroid group. The level of thyrotropin was positively associated with the individual expression of the covariance pattern. The decreased 18F-FDG uptake in the right cuneus cluster from the univariate analysis was correlated with the increased thyrotropin level and greater depressive symptoms in the hypothyroid group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that temporary hypothyroidism, even for a short period, may induce impairment in glucose metabolism and related affective symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok S Jeong
- 1 Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- 1 Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
| | - In-Uk Song
- 2 Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- 1 Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Park
- 2 Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- 1 Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
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45
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Strigo IA, Craig ADB. Interoception, homeostatic emotions and sympathovagal balance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20160010. [PMID: 28080968 PMCID: PMC5062099 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We briefly review the evidence for distinct neuroanatomical substrates that underlie interoception in humans, and we explain how they substantialize feelings from the body (in the insular cortex) that are conjoined with homeostatic motivations that guide adaptive behaviours (in the cingulate cortex). This hierarchical sensorimotor architecture coincides with the limbic cortical architecture that underlies emotions, and thus we regard interoceptive feelings and their conjoint motivations as homeostatic emotions We describe how bivalent feelings, emotions and sympathovagal balance can be organized and regulated efficiently in the bicameral forebrain as asymmetric positive/negative, approach/avoidance and parasympathetic/sympathetic components. We provide original evidence supporting this organization from studies of cardiorespiratory vagal activity in monkeys and functional imaging studies in healthy humans showing activation modulated by paced breathing and passively viewed emotional images. The neuroanatomical architecture of interoception provides deep insight into the functional organization of all emotional feelings and behaviours in humans.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Strigo
- Research Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Arthur D Bud Craig
- Neurosurgery Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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46
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Winder K, Linker RA, Seifert F, Deutsch M, Engelhorn T, Dörfler A, Lee DH, Hösl KM, Hilz MJ. Neuroanatomic Correlates of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2016; 80:490-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Winder
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralf A. Linker
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Martina Deutsch
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - De-Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Katharina M. Hösl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Paracelsus Medical University; Nürnberg Germany
| | - Max J. Hilz
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
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47
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Barnden LR, Kwiatek R, Crouch B, Burnet R, Del Fante P. Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:530-537. [PMID: 27114901 PMCID: PMC4833047 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic changes are often associated with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), but their pathogenetic role is unclear and brain imaging investigations are lacking. The vasomotor centre and, through it, nuclei in the midbrain and hypothalamus play a key role in autonomic nervous system regulation of steady state blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). In this exploratory cross-sectional study, BP and HR, as indicators of autonomic function, were correlated with volumetric and T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (T1w and T2w) brain MRI in 25 CFS subjects and 25 normal controls (NC). Steady state BP (systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure) and HR in two postures were extracted from 24 h blood pressure monitoring. We performed (1) MRI versus autonomic score interaction-with-group regressions to detect locations where regression slopes differed in the CFS and NC groups (collectively indicating abnormality in CFS), and (2) MRI regressions in the CFS and NC groups alone to detect additional locations with abnormal correlations in CFS. Significant CFS regressions were repeated controlling for anxiety and depression (A&D). Abnormal regressions were detected in nuclei of the brainstem vasomotor centre, midbrain reticular formation and hypothalamus, but also in limbic nuclei involved in stress responses and in prefrontal white matter. Group comparisons of CFS and NC did not find MRI differences in these locations. We propose therefore that these regulatory nuclei are functioning correctly, but that two-way communication between them is impaired in CFS and this affects signalling to/from peripheral effectors/sensors, culminating in inverted or magnified correlations. This single explanation for the diverse abnormal correlations detected here consolidates the conclusion for a brainstem/midbrain nerve conduction deficit inferred earlier (Barnden et al., 2015). Strong correlations were also detected in isolated NC regressions. For the first time in CFS, we performed MRI regressions with steady state BP and HR. Vasomotor centre, midbrain and hypothalamus correlations were abnormal in CFS. MRI group comparisons between CFS and controls detected no differences. Regulatory nuclei and peripheral effectors/sensors appear to function correctly. Signalling between brainstem/midbrain regulatory nuclei appears to be impaired.
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Key Words
- 1s, 1 sample
- 2s, 2 sample
- A&D, anxiety and depression
- Anxiety and depression
- Autonomic
- BA, Brodmann Area
- BP, blood pressure
- Blood pressure
- CFS, chronic fatigue syndrome
- Cb, cerebellum
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- CnF, cuneiform nucleus of the reticular formation
- DLPF, dorsolateral prefrontal
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FWE, family wise error
- GM, grey matter
- HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- HR, heart rate
- Heart rate
- Hypothalamus
- MRI
- Midbrain
- NC, normal controls
- Nerve conduction
- PCC, posterior cingulate cortex
- PHg, parahippocampal gyrus
- POTS, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
- PP, pulse pressure
- Posture
- RAS, reticular activation system
- Regression
- SS, symptom score
- VBIS, voxel based iterative sensitivity
- Vasomotor centre
- WM, white matter
- ccP, corrected cluster P statistic
- diaBP, diastolic blood pressure
- sysBP, systolic Blood pressure
- uvP, uncorrected voxel P statistic
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton R Barnden
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; National Centre for NeuroImmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Richard Kwiatek
- Division of Medical Subspecialities, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth, SA 5112, Australia.
| | - Benjamin Crouch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Richard Burnet
- Endocrinology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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48
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Oppenheimer S, Cechetto D. The Insular Cortex and the Regulation of Cardiac Function. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1081-133. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chen MH, Lu CH, Chen PC, Tsai NW, Huang CC, Chen HL, Yang IH, Yu CC, Lin WC. Association Between Autonomic Impairment and Structural Deficit in Parkinson Disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3086. [PMID: 26986144 PMCID: PMC4839925 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) have impaired autonomic function and altered brain structure. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of gray matter volume (GMV) determined by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to autonomic impairment in patients with PD. Whole-brain VBM analysis was performed on 3-dimensional T1-weighted images in 23 patients with PD and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers. The relationship of cardiovascular autonomic function (determined by survey) to baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) (determined from changes in heart rate and blood pressure during the early phase II of the Valsalva maneuver) was tested using least-squares regression analysis. The differences in GMV, autonomic parameters, and clinical data were correlated after adjusting for age and sex. Compared with controls, patients with PD had low BRS, suggesting worse cardiovascular autonomic function, and smaller GMV in several brain locations, including the right amygdala, left hippocampal formation, bilateral insular cortex, bilateral caudate nucleus, bilateral cerebellum, right fusiform, and left middle frontal gyri. The decreased GMVs of the selected brain regions were also associated with increased presence of epithelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the circulation. In patients with PD, decrease in cardiovascular autonomic function and increase in circulating EPC level are associated with smaller GMV in several areas of the brain. Because of its possible role in the modulation of the circulatory EPC pool and baroreflex control, the left hippocampal formation may be a bio-target for disease-modifying therapy and treatment monitoring in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsiang Chen
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology (M-HC, P-CC, H-LC, I-HY, C-CY, W-CL) and Neurology (C-HL, N-WT, C-CH), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University (C-HL), Kaohsiung; and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei (H-LC), Taiwan
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50
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Taylor KS, Kucyi A, Millar PJ, Murai H, Kimmerly DS, Morris BL, Bradley TD, Floras JS. Association between resting-state brain functional connectivity and muscle sympathetic burst incidence. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:662-73. [PMID: 26538607 PMCID: PMC4752303 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00675.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The insula (IC) and cingulate are key components of the central autonomic network and central nodes of the salience network (SN), a set of spatially distinct but temporally correlated brain regions identified with resting-state (task free) functional MRI (rsMRI). To examine the SN's involvement in sympathetic outflow, we tested the hypothesis that individual differences in intrinsic connectivity of the SN correlate positively with resting postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) burst incidence (BI) in subjects without and with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Overnight polysomnography, 5-min rsMRI, and fibular MSNA recording were performed in 36 subjects (mean age 57 yr; 10 women, 26 men). Independent component analysis (ICA) of the entire cohort identified the SN as including bilateral IC, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), midcingulate cortex (MCC), and the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). There was a positive correlation between BI and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (P < 0.001), but dual-regression analysis identified no differences in SN functional connectivity between subjects with no or mild OSA (n = 17) and moderate or severe (n = 19) OSA. Correlation analysis relating BI to the strength of connectivity within the SN revealed large (i.e., spatial extent) and strong correlations for the left IC (P < 0.001), right pgACC/MCC (P < 0.006), left TPJ (P < 0.004), thalamus (P < 0.035), and cerebellum (P < 0.013). Indexes of sleep apnea were unrelated to BI and the strength of SN connectivity. There were no relationships between BI and default or sensorimotor network connectivity. This study links connectivity within the SN to MSNA, demonstrating several of its nodes to be key sympathoexcitatory regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri S Taylor
- University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Aaron Kucyi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Philip J Millar
- University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hisayoshi Murai
- University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek S Kimmerly
- University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Beverley L Morris
- University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Douglas Bradley
- University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John S Floras
- University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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