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Ehrlich SK, Battistella G, Simonyan K. Temporal Signature of Task-Specificity in Isolated Focal Laryngeal Dystonia. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1925-1935. [PMID: 37489600 PMCID: PMC10615685 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Laryngeal dystonia (LD) is focal task-specific dystonia, predominantly affecting speech but not whispering or emotional vocalizations. Prior neuroimaging studies identified brain regions forming a dystonic neural network and contributing to LD pathophysiology. However, the underlying temporal dynamics of these alterations and their contribution to the task-specificity of LD remain largely unknown. The objective of the study was to identify the temporal-spatial signature of altered cortical oscillations associated with LD pathophysiology. METHODS We used high-density 128-electrode electroencephalography (EEG) recordings during symptomatic speaking and two asymptomatic tasks, whispering and writing, in 24 LD patients and 22 healthy individuals to investigate the spectral dynamics, spatial localization, and interregional effective connectivity of aberrant cortical oscillations within the dystonic neural network, as well as their relationship with LD symptomatology. RESULTS Symptomatic speaking in LD patients was characterized by significantly increased gamma synchronization in the middle/superior frontal gyri, primary somatosensory cortex, and superior parietal lobule, establishing the altered prefrontal-parietal loop. Hyperfunctional connectivity from the left middle frontal gyrus to the right superior parietal lobule was significantly correlated with the age of onset and the duration of LD symptoms. Asymptomatic whisper in LD patients had not no statistically significant changes in any frequency band, whereas asymptomatic writing was characterized by significantly decreased synchronization of beta-band power localized in the right superior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION Task-specific oscillatory activity of prefrontal-parietal circuitry is likely one of the underlying mechanisms of aberrant heteromodal integration of information processing and transfer within the neural network leading to dystonic motor output. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan K. Ehrlich
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Giovanni Battistella
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology - Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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2
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Chaudhari A, Wang X, Wu A, Liu H. Repeated Transcranial Photobiomodulation with Light-Emitting Diodes Improves Psychomotor Vigilance and EEG Networks of the Human Brain. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1043. [PMID: 37760145 PMCID: PMC10525861 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has been suggested as a non-invasive neuromodulation tool. The repetitive administration of light-emitting diode (LED)-based tPBM for several weeks significantly improves human cognition. To understand the electrophysiological effects of LED-tPBM on the human brain, we investigated alterations by repeated tPBM in vigilance performance and brain networks using electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy participants. Active and sham LED-based tPBM were administered to the right forehead of young participants twice a week for four weeks. The participants performed a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) during each tPBM/sham experiment. A 64-electrode EEG system recorded electrophysiological signals from each participant during the first and last visits in a 4-week study. Topographical maps of the EEG power enhanced by tPBM were statistically compared for the repeated tPBM effect. A new data processing framework combining the group's singular value decomposition (gSVD) with eLORETA was implemented to identify EEG brain networks. The reaction time of the PVT in the tPBM-treated group was significantly improved over four weeks compared to that in the sham group. We observed acute increases in EEG delta and alpha powers during a 10 min LED-tPBM while the participants performed the PVT task. We also found that the theta, beta, and gamma EEG powers significantly increased overall after four weeks of LED-tPBM. Combining gSVD with eLORETA enabled us to identify EEG brain networks and the corresponding network power changes by repeated 4-week tPBM. This study clearly demonstrated that a 4-week prefrontal LED-tPBM can neuromodulate several key EEG networks, implying a possible causal effect between modulated brain networks and improved psychomotor vigilance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.C.); (X.W.); (A.W.)
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3
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Rountree-Harrison D, Berkovsky S, Kangas M. Heart and brain traumatic stress biomarker analysis with and without machine learning: A scoping review. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 185:27-49. [PMID: 36720392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The enigma of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is embedded in a complex array of physiological responses to stressful situations that result in disruptions in arousal and cognitions that characterise the psychological disorder. Deciphering these physiological patterns is complex, which has seen the use of machine learning (ML) grow in popularity. However, it is unclear to what extent ML has been used with physiological data, specifically, the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) to further understand the physiological responses associated with PTSD. To better understand the use of EEG and ECG biomarkers, with and without ML, a scoping review was undertaken. A total of 124 papers based on adult samples were identified comprising 19 ML studies involving EEG and ECG. A further 21 studies using EEG data, and 84 studies employing ECG meeting all other criteria but not employing ML were included for comparison. Identified studies indicate classical ML methodologies currently dominate EEG and ECG biomarkers research, with derived biomarkers holding clinically relevant diagnostic implications for PTSD. Discussion of the emerging trends, algorithms used and their success is provided, along with areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Rountree-Harrison
- Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, Macquarie Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia; New South Wales Service for the Rehabilitation and Treatment of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS), 152-168 The Horsley Drive Carramar, New South Wales 2163, Australia.
| | - Shlomo Berkovsky
- Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, Macquarie Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Maria Kangas
- Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, Macquarie Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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4
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Norgaard M, Bales K, Hansen NC. Linked auditory and motor patterns in the improvisation vocabulary of an artist-level jazz pianist. Cognition 2023; 230:105308. [PMID: 36332308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Improvising musicians possess a stored library of musical patterns forming the basis for their improvisations. According to a prominent theoretical framework by Pressing (1988), this library includes linked auditory and motor information. Though examples of libraries of melodic patterns have been shown in extant recordings by some improvising musicians, the underlying motor component has not been experimentally investigated nor related to its auditory counterparts. Here we analyzed a large corpus of ∼100,000 notes from improvisations by one artist-level jazz pianist recorded during 11 live performances with audience. We compared the library identified from these recordings to a control corpus consisting of improvisations by 24 different advanced jazz pianists. In addition to pitch, our recordings included accurate micro-timing and key velocity (i.e., force) data. Following a previously validated procedure, this information was used to identify the underlying motor patterns through correlations between relative timing and velocity between notes in different iterations of the same pitch pattern. A computational model was, furthermore, used to estimate the information content and generated entropy exhibited by recurring pitch patterns with high and low timing and velocity correlations as perceived by a stylistically enculturated expert listener. Though both corpora contained a large number of recurring patterns, the single-player corpus showed stronger evidence that pitch patterns were linked to motor programs in that within-pattern timing and velocity correlations were significantly higher compared to the control corpus. Even when controlling for potentially greater baseline levels of motor self-consistency in the single-player corpus, this effect remained significant for velocity correlations. Amongst recurring 5-tone pitch patterns, those exhibiting more consistent motor schema also used less idiomatic pitch transitions that were both more unexpected and generated more uncertain expectations in enculturated experts than less consistently repeated patterns. Interestingly, we only found partial evidence for fixed pattern boundaries as predicted by the Pressing model and therefore suggest an expanded view in which the beginning and ends of idiomatic audio-motor patterns are not always clear-cut. Our results indicate that the library of melodic patterns may be idiosyncratic to the individual improviser and relies both on motor programming and predictive processing to promote stylistic distinctiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Norgaard
- School of Music, Georgia State University, 75 Poplar Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America.
| | - Kevin Bales
- School of Music, Georgia State University, 75 Poplar Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Niels Chr Hansen
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Building 1710, Universitetsbyen 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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5
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Doll-Lee J, Lee A, Mantel T, Haslinger B, Altenmüller E. Embouchure Dystonia as a Network Disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 31:45-59. [PMID: 37338695 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26220-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
While the pathophysiology of embouchure dystonia, a sub-entity of musician's dystonia, is still not fully understood, recent research has shown that it involves alterations of several brain functions and networks. Maladaptive plasticity in sensorimotor integration, sensory perception, and deficient inhibitory mechanisms at cortical, subcortical, and spinal level seem to contribute to its pathophysiology. Furthermore, functional systems of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are involved, clearly pointing toward a network disorder. We therefore propose a novel network model, based on electrophysiological and recent neuroimaging studies highlighting embouchure dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Doll-Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - André Lee
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musician's Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tobias Mantel
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haslinger
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musician's Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hannover, Germany
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6
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Estiveira J, Dias C, Costa D, Castelhano J, Castelo-Branco M, Sousa T. An Action-Independent Role for Midfrontal Theta Activity Prior to Error Commission. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:805080. [PMID: 35634213 PMCID: PMC9131421 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.805080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Error-related electroencephalographic (EEG) signals have been widely studied concerning the human cognitive capability of differentiating between erroneous and correct actions. Midfrontal error-related negativity (ERN) and theta band oscillations are believed to underlie post-action error monitoring. However, it remains elusive how early monitoring activity is trackable and what are the pre-response brain mechanisms related to performance monitoring. Moreover, it is still unclear how task-specific parameters, such as cognitive demand or motor control, influence these processes. Here, we aimed to test pre- and post-error EEG patterns for different types of motor responses and investigate the neuronal mechanisms leading to erroneous actions. We implemented a go/no-go paradigm based on keypresses and saccades. Participants received an initial instruction about the direction of response to be given based on a facial cue and a subsequent one about the type of action to be performed based on an object cue. The paradigm was tested in 20 healthy volunteers combining EEG and eye tracking. We found significant differences in reaction time, number, and type of errors between the two actions. Saccadic responses reflected a higher number of premature responses and errors compared to the keypress ones. Nevertheless, both led to similar EEG patterns, supporting previous evidence for increased ERN amplitude and midfrontal theta power during error commission. Moreover, we found pre-error decreased theta activity independent of the type of action. Source analysis suggested different origin for such pre- and post-error neuronal patterns, matching the anterior insular cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, respectively. This opposite pattern supports previous evidence of midfrontal theta not only as a neuronal marker of error commission but also as a predictor of action performance. Midfrontal theta, mostly associated with alert mechanisms triggering behavioral adjustments, also seems to reflect pre-response attentional mechanisms independently of the action to be performed. Our findings also add to the discussion regarding how salience network nodes interact during performance monitoring by suggesting that pre- and post-error patterns have different neuronal sources within this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Estiveira
- CIBIT – Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ICNAS – Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Camila Dias
- CIBIT – Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ICNAS – Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CIBIT – Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ICNAS – Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Castelhano
- CIBIT – Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ICNAS – Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CIBIT – Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ICNAS – Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC – Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- CIBIT – Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ICNAS – Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Teresa Sousa,
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7
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Bianco R, Novembre G, Ringer H, Kohler N, Keller PE, Villringer A, Sammler D. Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Is a Hub for Music Production from Structural Rules to Movements. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3878-3895. [PMID: 34965579 PMCID: PMC9476625 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex sequential behaviors, such as speaking or playing music, entail flexible rule-based chaining of single acts. However, it remains unclear how the brain translates abstract structural rules into movements. We combined music production with multimodal neuroimaging to dissociate high-level structural and low-level motor planning. Pianists played novel musical chord sequences on a muted MR-compatible piano by imitating a model hand on screen. Chord sequences were manipulated in terms of musical harmony and context length to assess structural planning, and in terms of fingers used for playing to assess motor planning. A model of probabilistic sequence processing confirmed temporally extended dependencies between chords, as opposed to local dependencies between movements. Violations of structural plans activated the left inferior frontal and middle temporal gyrus, and the fractional anisotropy of the ventral pathway connecting these two regions positively predicted behavioral measures of structural planning. A bilateral frontoparietal network was instead activated by violations of motor plans. Both structural and motor networks converged in lateral prefrontal cortex, with anterior regions contributing to musical structure building, and posterior areas to movement planning. These results establish a promising approach to study sequence production at different levels of action representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bianco
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK.,Otto Hahn Research Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Hanna Ringer
- Otto Hahn Research Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Natalie Kohler
- Otto Hahn Research Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main 60322, Germany
| | - Peter E Keller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.,The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Arno Villringer
- Otto Hahn Research Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Daniela Sammler
- Otto Hahn Research Group Neural Bases of Intonation in Speech and Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main 60322, Germany
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8
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Schmidt R, Herrojo Ruiz M, Kilavik BE, Lundqvist M, Starr PA, Aron AR. Beta Oscillations in Working Memory, Executive Control of Movement and Thought, and Sensorimotor Function. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8231-8238. [PMID: 31619492 PMCID: PMC6794925 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1163-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta oscillations (∼13 to 30 Hz) have been observed during many perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes in a plethora of brain recording studies. Although the function of beta oscillations (hereafter "beta" for short) is unlikely to be explained by any single monolithic description, we here discuss several convergent findings. In prefrontal cortex (PFC), increased beta appears at the end of a trial when working memory information needs to be erased. A similar "clear-out" function might apply during the stopping of action and the stopping of long-term memory retrieval (stopping thoughts), where increased prefrontal beta is also observed. A different apparent role for beta in PFC occurs during the delay period of working memory tasks: it might serve to maintain the current contents and/or to prevent interference from distraction. We confront the challenge of relating these observations to the large literature on beta recorded from sensorimotor cortex. Potentially, the clear-out of working memory in PFC has its counterpart in the postmovement clear-out of the motor plan in sensorimotor cortex. However, recent studies support alternative interpretations. In addition, we flag emerging research on different frequencies of beta and the relationship between beta and single-neuron spiking. We also discuss where beta might be generated: basal ganglia, cortex, or both. We end by considering the clinical implications for adaptive deep-brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK,
| | - Maria Herrojo Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation
| | - Bjørg E Kilavik
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Mikael Lundqvist
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Philip A Starr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, and
| | - Adam R Aron
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093
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9
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Bury G, García-Huéscar M, Bhattacharya J, Ruiz MH. Cardiac afferent activity modulates early neural signature of error detection during skilled performance. Neuroimage 2019; 199:704-717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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10
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Pluta A, Williams CC, Binsted G, Hecker KG, Krigolson OE. Chasing the zone: Reduced beta power predicts baseball batting performance. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:150-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Michail G, Nikulin VV, Curio G, Maess B, Herrojo Ruiz M. Disruption of Boundary Encoding During Sensorimotor Sequence Learning: An MEG Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:240. [PMID: 29946246 PMCID: PMC6005865 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Music performance relies on the ability to learn and execute actions and their associated sounds. The process of learning these auditory-motor contingencies depends on the proper encoding of the serial order of the actions and sounds. Among the different serial positions of a behavioral sequence, the first and last (boundary) elements are particularly relevant. Animal and patient studies have demonstrated a specific neural representation for boundary elements in prefrontal cortical regions and in the basal ganglia, highlighting the relevance of their proper encoding. The neural mechanisms underlying the encoding of sequence boundaries in the general human population remain, however, largely unknown. In this study, we examined how alterations of auditory feedback, introduced at different ordinal positions (boundary or within-sequence element), affect the neural and behavioral responses during sensorimotor sequence learning. Analysing the neuromagnetic signals from 20 participants while they performed short piano sequences under the occasional effect of altered feedback (AF), we found that at around 150-200 ms post-keystroke, the neural activities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and supplementary motor area (SMA) were dissociated for boundary and within-sequence elements. Furthermore, the behavioral data demonstrated that feedback alterations on boundaries led to greater performance costs, such as more errors in the subsequent keystrokes. These findings jointly support the idea that the proper encoding of boundaries is critical in acquiring sensorimotor sequences. They also provide evidence for the involvement of a distinct neural circuitry in humans including prefrontal and higher-order motor areas during the encoding of the different classes of serial order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Michail
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim V. Nikulin
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gabriel Curio
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Maess
- Research Group “MEG and Cortical Networks”, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - María Herrojo Ruiz
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Whitehead Building, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Musical genre-dependent behavioural and EEG signatures of action planning. A comparison between classical and jazz pianists. Neuroimage 2018; 169:383-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Jaynes MJ, Mink JW. Motor sequence awareness is impaired in dystonia despite normal performance. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:52-60. [PMID: 29244239 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dystonia is a movement disorder that has been associated with impaired motor learning and sequence recognition. However, despite evidence that patients with dystonia have a reduced sense of agency, it is unclear whether dystonia is specifically associated with impaired recognition of a movement sequence. We have shown previously that performance consistency in the temporal and kinematic domains predicts awareness of underlying motor patterns in a finger-tapping task. Since movements in dystonia are characterized by high variability, we predicted that subjects with dystonia would have decreased motor sequence awareness. METHODS Subjects with dystonia (n = 20) and healthy control adults (n = 30) performed finger-tapping sequences with a common motor pattern and changing stimulus-to-response mappings. Subjects were said to be "aware" of the motor pattern if they recognized that their fingers moved in the same order during each stimulus-to-response remapping. RESULTS Subjects with dystonia had decreased motor pattern awareness, but those differences were not due to greater performance variability. Subjects with dystonia tapped sequences as series of discrete movements, rather than as a combined series. INTERPRETATION Dystonia is associated with impaired recognition of a repeating movement pattern. This difference may result from a strategy of separating sequential elements and attending to them individually. Ann Neurol 2018;83:52-60.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan W Mink
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
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14
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Zavala B, Damera S, Dong JW, Lungu C, Brown P, Zaghloul KA. Human Subthalamic Nucleus Theta and Beta Oscillations Entrain Neuronal Firing During Sensorimotor Conflict. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:496-508. [PMID: 26494798 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that prefrontal cortical structures may inhibit impulsive actions during conflict through activation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Consistent with this hypothesis, deep brain stimulation to the STN has been associated with altered prefrontal cortical activity and impaired response inhibition. The interactions between oscillatory activity in the STN and its presumably antikinetic neuronal spiking, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we simultaneously recorded intraoperative local field potential and spiking activity from the human STN as participants performed a sensorimotor action selection task involving conflict. We identified several STN neuronal response types that exhibited different temporal dynamics during the task. Some neurons showed early, cue-related firing rate increases that remained elevated longer during high conflict trials, whereas other neurons showed late, movement-related firing rate increases. Notably, the high conflict trials were associated with an entrainment of individual neurons by theta- and beta-band oscillations, both of which have been observed in cortical structures involved in response inhibition. Our data suggest that frequency-specific activity in the beta and theta bands influence STN firing to inhibit impulsivity during conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltazar Zavala
- Surgical Neurology Branch.,Experimental Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | | | - Codrin Lungu
- Office of Clinical Director, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Brown
- Experimental Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
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15
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Zavala BA, Jang AI, Zaghloul KA. Human subthalamic nucleus activity during non-motor decision making. eLife 2017; 6:e31007. [PMID: 29243587 PMCID: PMC5780045 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in decisions that involve inhibiting movements. Many of the decisions that we make in our daily lives, however, do not involve any motor actions. We studied non-motor decision making by recording intraoperative STN and prefrontal cortex (PFC) electrophysiology as participants perform a novel task that required them to decide whether to encode items into working memory. During all encoding trials, beta band (15-30 Hz) activity decreased in the STN and PFC, and this decrease was progressively enhanced as more items were stored into working memory. Crucially, the STN and lateral PFC beta decrease was significantly attenuated during the trials in which participants were instructed not to encode the presented stimulus. These changes were associated with increase lateral PFC-STN coherence and altered STN neuronal spiking. Our results shed light on why states of altered basal ganglia activity disrupt both motor function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltazar A Zavala
- Surgical Neurology BranchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesdaUnited States
| | - Anthony I Jang
- Surgical Neurology BranchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesdaUnited States
| | - Kareem A Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology BranchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesdaUnited States
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16
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Herrojo Ruiz M, Maess B, Altenmüller E, Curio G, Nikulin VV. Cingulate and cerebellar beta oscillations are engaged in the acquisition of auditory-motor sequences. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5161-5179. [PMID: 28703919 PMCID: PMC6866917 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Singing, music performance, and speech rely on the retrieval of complex sounds, which are generated by the corresponding actions and are organized into sequences. It is crucial in these forms of behavior that the serial organization (i.e., order) of both the actions and associated sounds be monitored and learned. To investigate the neural processes involved in the monitoring of serial order during the initial learning of sensorimotor sequences, we performed magnetoencephalographic recordings while participants explicitly learned short piano sequences under the effect of occasional alterations of auditory feedback (AAF). The main result was a prominent and selective modulation of beta (13-30 Hz) oscillations in cingulate and cerebellar regions during the processing of AAF that simulated serial order errors. Furthermore, the AAF-induced modulation of beta oscillations was associated with higher error rates, reflecting compensatory changes in sequence planning. This suggests that cingulate and cerebellar beta oscillations play a role in tracking serial order during initial sensorimotor learning and in updating the mapping of the sensorimotor representations. The findings support the notion that the modulation of beta oscillations is a candidate mechanism for the integration of sequential motor and auditory information during an early stage of skill acquisition in music performance. This has potential implications for singing and speech. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5161-5179, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Herrojo Ruiz
- Neurophysics GroupDepartment of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin12203Germany
- Department of PsychologyWhitehead Building, Goldsmiths, University of LondonLondonSE14 6NWUnited Kingdom
| | - Burkhard Maess
- Research Group “MEG and cortical networks”Max Planck Institute for Human, Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigD‐04103Germany
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' MedicineHanover University of Music, Drama, and MediaHanoverGermany
| | - Gabriel Curio
- Neurophysics GroupDepartment of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin12203Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceBerlin10115Germany
| | - Vadim V. Nikulin
- Neurophysics GroupDepartment of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin12203Germany
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigD‐04103Germany
- Center for Cognition and Decision MakingNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation
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17
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Zamm A, Palmer C, Bauer AKR, Bleichner MG, Demos AP, Debener S. Synchronizing MIDI and wireless EEG measurements during natural piano performance. Brain Res 2017; 1716:27-38. [PMID: 28693821 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although music performance has been widely studied in the behavioural sciences, less work has addressed the underlying neural mechanisms, perhaps due to technical difficulties in acquiring high-quality neural data during tasks requiring natural motion. The advent of wireless electroencephalography (EEG) presents a solution to this problem by allowing for neural measurement with minimal motion artefacts. In the current study, we provide the first validation of a mobile wireless EEG system for capturing the neural dynamics associated with piano performance. First, we propose a novel method for synchronously recording music performance and wireless mobile EEG. Second, we provide results of several timing tests that characterize the timing accuracy of our system. Finally, we report EEG time domain and frequency domain results from N=40 pianists demonstrating that wireless EEG data capture the unique temporal signatures of musicians' performances with fine-grained precision and accuracy. Taken together, we demonstrate that mobile wireless EEG can be used to measure the neural dynamics of piano performance with minimal motion constraints. This opens many new possibilities for investigating the brain mechanisms underlying music performance.
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18
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Haslinger B, Noé J, Altenmüller E, Riedl V, Zimmer C, Mantel T, Dresel C. Changes in resting-state connectivity in musicians with embouchure dystonia. Mov Disord 2016; 32:450-458. [PMID: 27911020 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Embouchure dystonia is a highly disabling task-specific dystonia in professional brass musicians leading to spasms of perioral muscles while playing the instrument. As they are asymptomatic at rest, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in these patients can reveal changes in functional connectivity within and between brain networks independent from dystonic symptoms. METHODS We therefore compared embouchure dystonia patients to healthy musicians with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in combination with independent component analyses. RESULTS Patients showed increased functional connectivity of the bilateral sensorimotor mouth area and right secondary somatosensory cortex, but reduced functional connectivity of the bilateral sensorimotor hand representation, left inferior parietal cortex, and mesial premotor cortex within the lateral motor function network. Within the auditory function network, the functional connectivity of bilateral secondary auditory cortices, right posterior parietal cortex and left sensorimotor hand area was increased, the functional connectivity of right primary auditory cortex, right secondary somatosensory cortex, right sensorimotor mouth representation, bilateral thalamus, and anterior cingulate cortex was reduced. Negative functional connectivity between the cerebellar and lateral motor function network and positive functional connectivity between the cerebellar and primary visual network were reduced. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of sensorimotor representations of affected and unaffected body parts suggests a pathophysiological predisposition for abnormal sensorimotor and audiomotor integration in embouchure dystonia. Altered connectivity to the cerebellar network highlights the important role of the cerebellum in this disease. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Haslinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jonas Noé
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institut für Musikphysiologie und Musikermedizin, Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valentin Riedl
- Abteilung für diagnostische und interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Abteilung für diagnostische und interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Tobias Mantel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christian Dresel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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19
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Stein P, Saltzman E, Holt K, Sternad D. Is failed predictive control a risk factor for focal dystonia? Mov Disord 2016; 31:1772-1776. [PMID: 27787939 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Task-specific focal dystonia (TSFD) is a disorder marked by degraded coordination in complex and exacting psychomotor tasks, such as musical performance. Its development is associated with prolonged and intensive practice of these tasks, but the etiology of TSFD is still unknown. The prevailing hypothesis was informed by findings in primates following repetitive simple grasping actions. This model implies, however, that complex manual tasks that yield more intricate and subtly varying sensorimotor patterns, as found in musical performance and handwriting, should be unlikely to lead to focal dystonia. HYPOTHESIS We propose an alternative, "predictive-control" etiological hypothesis: When an overtaxed performer exhibits poorly controlled variability and errors in motor execution of a well-learned, high-precision task, predictive control processes deteriorate. This includes, in particular, those related to the formation or updating of a forward dynamic model that maps motor commands to predicted end-effector state, e.g. position and velocity of a key-pressing digit. CONCLUSION Based on a critical literature review we argue that this results in the characteristic signs of focal dystonia, such as freezing, halting and inappropriate co-contraction specific to the task. Directions for future research are briefly discussed. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stein
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elliot Saltzman
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kenneth Holt
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dagmar Sternad
- Departments of Biology, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Cheng FPH, Eddy ML, Ruiz MH, Großbach M, Altenmüller EO. Sensory feedback - Dependent neural de-orchestration: The effect of altered sensory feedback on Musician's Dystonia. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2015; 34:55-65. [PMID: 26638834 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Musician's dystonia (MD) is a task-specific movement disorder related to extensive expert music performance training. Similar to other forms of focal dystonia, MD involves sensory deficits and abnormal patterns of sensorimotor integration. The present study investigated the impaired cortical sensorimotor network of pianists who suffer from MD by employing altered auditory and tactile feedback during scale playing with multichannel EEG. METHODS 9 healthy professional pianists and 9 professional pianists suffering from right hand MD participated in an experiment that required repeated scale playing on a MIDI piano under altered sensory feedback while EEG was measured. RESULTS The comparison of EEG data in healthy pianists and pianists suffering from MD revealed a higher degree of inter-regional phase synchronisation between the frontal and parietal regions and between the temporal and central regions in the patient group and in conditions that are relevant to the long-trained auditory-motor coupling (normal auditory feedback and complete deprivation of auditory feedback), but such abnormalities decreased in conditions with delayed auditory feedback and altered tactile feedback. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that the impaired sensorimotor integration of MD patients is specific to the type of overtrained task that the patients were trained for and can be modified with altered sensory feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P-H Cheng
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama, and Media, Hannover, Germany
| | - M-L Eddy
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama, and Media, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Herrojo Ruiz
- Department of Neurology, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Großbach
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama, and Media, Hannover, Germany
| | - E O Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama, and Media, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Face-induced expectancies influence neural mechanisms of performance monitoring. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 16:261-75. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Zavala B, Zaghloul K, Brown P. The subthalamic nucleus, oscillations, and conflict. Mov Disord 2015; 30:328-38. [PMID: 25688872 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN), which is currently the most common target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD), has received increased attention over the past few years for the roles it may play in functions beyond simple motor control. In this article, we highlight several of the theoretical, interventional, and electrophysiological studies that have implicated the STN in response inhibition. Most influential among this evidence has been the reported effect of STN DBS in increasing impulsive responses in the laboratory setting. Yet, how this relates to pathological impulsivity in patients' everyday lives remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltazar Zavala
- Experimental Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Herrojo Ruiz M, Hong SB, Hennig H, Altenmüller E, Kühn AA. Long-range correlation properties in timing of skilled piano performance: the influence of auditory feedback and deep brain stimulation. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1030. [PMID: 25309487 PMCID: PMC4174744 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintentional timing deviations during musical performance can be conceived of as timing errors. However, recent research on humanizing computer-generated music has demonstrated that timing fluctuations that exhibit long-range temporal correlations (LRTC) are preferred by human listeners. This preference can be accounted for by the ubiquitous presence of LRTC in human tapping and rhythmic performances. Interestingly, the manifestation of LRTC in tapping behavior seems to be driven in a subject-specific manner by the LRTC properties of resting-state background cortical oscillatory activity. In this framework, the current study aimed to investigate whether propagation of timing deviations during the skilled, memorized piano performance (without metronome) of 17 professional pianists exhibits LRTC and whether the structure of the correlations is influenced by the presence or absence of auditory feedback. As an additional goal, we set out to investigate the influence of altering the dynamics along the cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamo-cortical network via deep brain stimulation (DBS) on the LRTC properties of musical performance. Specifically, we investigated temporal deviations during the skilled piano performance of a non-professional pianist who was treated with subthalamic-deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) due to severe Parkinson's disease, with predominant tremor affecting his right upper extremity. In the tremor-affected right hand, the timing fluctuations of the performance exhibited random correlations with DBS OFF. By contrast, DBS restored long-range dependency in the temporal fluctuations, corresponding with the general motor improvement on DBS. Overall, the present investigations demonstrate the presence of LRTC in skilled piano performances, indicating that unintentional temporal deviations are correlated over a wide range of time scales. This phenomenon is stable after removal of the auditory feedback, but is altered by STN-DBS, which suggests that cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits play a role in the modulation of the serial correlations of timing fluctuations exhibited in skilled musical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Herrojo Ruiz
- Department of Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Sang Bin Hong
- Department of Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Hennig
- Department of Physics, Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA ; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media Hanover, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany
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24
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Novembre G, Keller PE. A conceptual review on action-perception coupling in the musicians' brain: what is it good for? Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:603. [PMID: 25191246 PMCID: PMC4139714 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Experience with a sensorimotor task, such as practicing a piano piece, leads to strong coupling of sensory (visual or auditory) and motor cortices. Here we review behavioral and neurophysiological (M/EEG, TMS and fMRI) research exploring this topic using the brain of musicians as a model system. Our review focuses on a recent body of evidence suggesting that this form of coupling might have (at least) two cognitive functions. First, it leads to the generation of equivalent predictions (concerning both when and what event is more likely to occur) during both perception and production of music. Second, it underpins the common coding of perception and action that supports the integration of the motor output of multiple musicians’ in the context of joint musical tasks. Essentially, training-based coupling of perception and action might scaffold the human ability to represent complex (structured) actions and to entrain multiple agents—via reciprocal prediction and adaptation—in the pursuit of shared goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Novembre
- Marcs Institute - University of Western Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter E Keller
- Marcs Institute - University of Western Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Synchronization in human musical rhythms and mutually interacting complex systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:12974-9. [PMID: 25114228 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1324142111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the music produced by an ensemble is influenced by multiple factors, including musical genre, musician skill, and individual interpretation, rhythmic synchronization is at the foundation of musical interaction. Here, we study the statistical nature of the mutual interaction between two humans synchronizing rhythms. We find that the interbeat intervals of both laypeople and professional musicians exhibit scale-free (power law) cross-correlations. Surprisingly, the next beat to be played by one person is dependent on the entire history of the other person's interbeat intervals on timescales up to several minutes. To understand this finding, we propose a general stochastic model for mutually interacting complex systems, which suggests a physiologically motivated explanation for the occurrence of scale-free cross-correlations. We show that the observed long-term memory phenomenon in rhythmic synchronization can be imitated by fractal coupling of separately recorded or synthesized audio tracks and thus applied in electronic music. Though this study provides an understanding of fundamental characteristics of timing and synchronization at the interbrain level, the mutually interacting complex systems model may also be applied to study the dynamics of other complex systems where scale-free cross-correlations have been observed, including econophysics, physiological time series, and collective behavior of animal flocks.
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26
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Combining EEG, MIDI, and motion capture techniques for investigating musical performance. Behav Res Methods 2014; 46:185-95. [PMID: 23943580 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-013-0363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a setup for the simultaneous recording of electrophysiological data (EEG), musical data (MIDI), and three-dimensional movement data. Previously, each of these three different kinds of measurements, conducted sequentially, has been proven to provide important information about different aspects of music performance as an example of a demanding multisensory motor skill. With the method described here, it is possible to record brain-related activity and movement data simultaneously, with accurate timing resolution and at relatively low costs. EEG and MIDI data were synchronized with a modified version of the FTAP software, sending synchronization signals to the EEG recording device simultaneously with keypress events. Similarly, a motion capture system sent synchronization signals simultaneously with each recorded frame. The setup can be used for studies investigating cognitive and motor processes during music performance and music-like tasks--for example, in the domains of motor control, learning, music therapy, or musical emotions. Thus, this setup offers a promising possibility of a more behaviorally driven analysis of brain activity.
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27
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Amengual JL, Marco-Pallarés J, Grau C, Münte TF, Rodríguez-Fornells A. Linking motor-related brain potentials and velocity profiles in multi-joint arm reaching movements. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:271. [PMID: 24808853 PMCID: PMC4010756 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the movement related brain potentials (MRPBs) needs accurate technical approaches to disentangle the specific patterns of bran activity during the preparation and execution of movements. During the last forty years, synchronizing the electromyographic activation (EMG) of the muscle with electrophysiological recordings (EEG) has been commonly ussed for these purposes. However, new clinical approaches in the study of motor diseases and rehabilitation suggest the demand of new paradigms that might go further into the study of the brain activity associated with the kinematics of movements. As a response to this call, we have used a 3-D hand-tracking system with the aim to record continuously the position of an ultrasonic sender attached to the hand during the performance of multi-joint self-paced movements. We synchronized time-series of position and velocity of the sender with the EEG recordings, obtaining specific patterns of brain activity as a function of the fluctuations of the kinematics during natural movement performance. Additionally, the distribution of the brain activity during the preparation and execution phases of movements was similar that reported previously using the EMG, suggesting the validity of our technique. We claim that this paradigm could be usable in patients because of its simplicity and the potential knowledge that can be extracted from clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julià L Amengual
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Department of Basic Psychology, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Marco-Pallarés
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Department of Basic Psychology, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain
| | - Carles Grau
- Neurodynamic Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck Lübeck, Germany
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Department of Basic Psychology, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain ; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Cheng FPH, Großbach M, Altenmüller EO. Altered sensory feedbacks in pianist's dystonia: the altered auditory feedback paradigm and the glove effect. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 7:868. [PMID: 24381552 PMCID: PMC3865372 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the effect of altered auditory feedback (AAF) in musician's dystonia (MD) and discusses whether AAF can be considered as a sensory trick in MD. Furthermore, the effect of AAF is compared with altered tactile feedback, which can serve as a sensory trick in several other forms of focal dystonia. Methods: The method is based on scale analysis (Jabusch et al., 2004). Experiment 1 employs synchronization paradigm: 12 MD patients and 25 healthy pianists had to repeatedly play C-major scales in synchrony with a metronome on a MIDI-piano with three auditory feedback conditions: (1) normal feedback; (2) no feedback; (3) constant delayed feedback. Experiment 2 employs synchronization-continuation paradigm: 12 MD patients and 12 healthy pianists had to repeatedly play C-major scales in two phases: first in synchrony with a metronome, secondly continue the established tempo without the metronome. There are four experimental conditions, among them three are the same AAF as in Experiment 1 and 1 is related to altered tactile sensory input. The coefficient of variation of inter-onset intervals of the key depressions was calculated to evaluate fine motor control. Results: In both experiments, the healthy controls and the patients behaved very similarly. There is no difference in the regularity of playing between the two groups under any condition, and neither did AAF nor did altered tactile feedback have a beneficial effect on patients' fine motor control. Conclusions: The results of the two experiments suggest that in the context of our experimental designs, AAF and altered tactile feedback play a minor role in motor coordination in patients with musicians' dystonia. We propose that altered auditory and tactile feedback do not serve as effective sensory tricks and may not temporarily reduce the symptoms of patients suffering from MD in this experimental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia P-H Cheng
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Großbach
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media Hannover, Germany
| | - Eckart O Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media Hannover, Germany
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29
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Melgari J, Zappasodi F, Porcaro C, Tomasevic L, Cassetta E, Rossini P, Tecchio F. Movement-induced uncoupling of primary sensory and motor areas in focal task-specific hand dystonia. Neuroscience 2013; 250:434-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Maidhof C, Pitkäniemi A, Tervaniemi M. Predictive error detection in pianists: a combined ERP and motion capture study. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:587. [PMID: 24133428 PMCID: PMC3783998 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Performing a piece of music involves the interplay of several cognitive and motor processes and requires extensive training to achieve a high skill level. However, even professional musicians commit errors occasionally. Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have investigated the neurophysiological correlates of pitch errors during piano performance, and reported pre-error negativity already occurring approximately 70–100 ms before the error had been committed and audible. It was assumed that this pre-error negativity reflects predictive control processes that compare predicted consequences with actual consequences of one's own actions. However, in previous investigations, correct and incorrect pitch events were confounded by their different tempi. In addition, no data about the underlying movements were available. In the present study, we exploratively recorded the ERPs and 3D movement data of pianists' fingers simultaneously while they performed fingering exercises from memory. Results showed a pre-error negativity for incorrect keystrokes when both correct and incorrect keystrokes were performed with comparable tempi. Interestingly, even correct notes immediately preceding erroneous keystrokes elicited a very similar negativity. In addition, we explored the possibility of computing ERPs time-locked to a kinematic landmark in the finger motion trajectories defined by when a finger makes initial contact with the key surface, that is, at the onset of tactile feedback. Results suggest that incorrect notes elicited a small difference after the onset of tactile feedback, whereas correct notes preceding incorrect ones elicited negativity before the onset of tactile feedback. The results tentatively suggest that tactile feedback plays an important role in error-monitoring during piano performance, because the comparison between predicted and actual sensory (tactile) feedback may provide the information necessary for the detection of an upcoming error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Maidhof
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Cognitive Science, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Music, Finnish Centre of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
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Peterson DA, Berque P, Jabusch HC, Altenmüller E, Frucht SJ. Rating scales for musician's dystonia: the state of the art. Neurology 2013; 81:589-98. [PMID: 23884039 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31829e6f72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Musician's dystonia (MD) is a focal adult-onset dystonia most commonly involving the hand. It has much greater relative prevalence than non-musician's focal hand dystonias, exhibits task specificity at the level of specific musical passages, and is a particularly difficult form of dystonia to treat. For most MD patients, the diagnosis confirms the end of their music performance careers. Research on treatments and pathophysiology is contingent upon measures of motor function abnormalities. In this review, we comprehensively survey the literature to identify the rating scales used in MD and the distribution of their use. We also summarize the extent to which the scales have been evaluated for their clinical utility, including reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity to MD, and practicality for a clinical setting. Out of 135 publications, almost half (62) included no quantitative measures of motor function. The remaining 73 studies used a variety of choices from among 10 major rating scales. Most used subjective scales involving either patient or clinician ratings. Only 25% (18) of the studies used objective scales. None of the scales has been completely and rigorously evaluated for clinical utility. Whether studies involved treatments or pathophysiologic assays, there was a heterogeneous choice of rating scales used with no clear standard. As a result, the collective interpretive value of those studies is limited because the results are confounded by measurement effects. We suggest that the development and widespread adoption of a new clinically useful rating scale is critical for accelerating basic and clinical research in MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Peterson
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Lee A, Furuya S, Karst M, Altenmüller E. Alteration in forward model prediction of sensory outcome of motor action in focal hand dystonia. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:172. [PMID: 23882198 PMCID: PMC3715741 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal hand dystonia in musicians is a movement disorder affecting highly trained movements. Rather than being a pure motor disorder related to movement execution only, movement planning, error prediction, and sensorimotor integration are also impaired. Internal models (IMs), of which two types, forward and inverse models have been described and most likely processed in the cerebellum, are known to be involved in these tasks. Recent results indicate that the cerebellum may be involved in the pathophysiology of focal dystonia (FD). Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate whether an IM deficit plays a role in FD. We focused on the forward model (FM), which predicts sensory consequences of motor commands and allows the discrimination between external sensory input and input deriving from motor action. We investigated 19 patients, aged 19-59 and 19 healthy musicians aged 19-36 as controls. Tactile stimuli were applied to fingers II-V of both hands by the experimenter or the patient. After each stimulus the participant rated the stimulus intensity on a scale between 0 (no sensation) and 1 (maximal intensity). The difference of perceived intensity between self- and externally applied (EA) stimuli was then calculated for each finger. For assessing differences between patients and controls we performed a cluster analysis of the affected hand and the corresponding hand of the controls using the fingers II-V as variables in a 4-dimensional hyperspace (chance level = 0.5). Using a cluster analysis, we found a correct classification of the affected finger in 78.9-94.7%. There was no difference between patients and healthy controls of the absolute value of the perceived stimulus intensity. Our results suggest an altered FM function in focal hand dystonia. It has the potential of suggesting a neural correlate within the cerebellum and of helping integrate findings with regard to altered sensorimotor processing and altered prediction in FD in a single framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Lee
- Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, University for Music Drama and Media Hannover, Hannover Germany
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Cohen MX, Ridderinkhof KR. EEG source reconstruction reveals frontal-parietal dynamics of spatial conflict processing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57293. [PMID: 23451201 PMCID: PMC3581478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control requires the suppression of distracting information in order to focus on task-relevant information. We applied EEG source reconstruction via time-frequency linear constrained minimum variance beamforming to help elucidate the neural mechanisms involved in spatial conflict processing. Human subjects performed a Simon task, in which conflict was induced by incongruence between spatial location and response hand. We found an early (∼200 ms post-stimulus) conflict modulation in stimulus-contralateral parietal gamma (30–50 Hz), followed by a later alpha-band (8–12 Hz) conflict modulation, suggesting an early detection of spatial conflict and inhibition of spatial location processing. Inter-regional connectivity analyses assessed via cross-frequency coupling of theta (4–8 Hz), alpha, and gamma power revealed conflict-induced shifts in cortical network interactions: Congruent trials (relative to incongruent trials) had stronger coupling between frontal theta and stimulus-contrahemifield parietal alpha/gamma power, whereas incongruent trials had increased theta coupling between medial frontal and lateral frontal regions. These findings shed new light into the large-scale network dynamics of spatial conflict processing, and how those networks are shaped by oscillatory interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael X Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Avanzino L, Martino D, Martino I, Pelosin E, Vicario CM, Bove M, Defazio G, Abbruzzese G. Temporal expectation in focal hand dystonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:444-54. [PMID: 23361064 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with writer's cramp present sensory and representational abnormalities relevant to motor control, such as impairment in the temporal discrimination between tactile stimuli and in pure motor imagery tasks, like the mental rotation of corporeal and inanimate objects. However, only limited information is available on the ability of patients with dystonia to process the time-dependent features (e.g. speed) of movement in real time. The processing of time-dependent features of movement has a crucial role in predicting whether the outcome of a complex motor sequence, such as handwriting or playing a musical passage, will be consistent with its ultimate goal, or results instead in an execution error. In this study, we sought to evaluate the implicit ability to perceive the temporal outcome of different movements in a group of patients with writer's cramp. Fourteen patients affected by writer's cramp in the right hand and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were recruited for the study. Subjects were asked to perform a temporal expectation task by predicting the end of visually perceived human body motion (handwriting, i.e. the action performed by the human body segment specifically affected by writer's cramp) or inanimate object motion (a moving circle reaching a spatial target). Videos representing movements were shown in full before experimental trials; the actual tasks consisted of watching the same videos, but interrupted after a variable interval ('pre-dark') from its onset by a dark interval of variable duration. During the 'dark' interval, subjects were asked to indicate when the movement represented in the video reached its end by clicking on the space bar of the keyboard. We also included a visual working memory task. Performance on the timing task was analysed measuring the absolute value of timing error, the coefficient of variability and the percentage of anticipation responses. Patients with writer's cramp exhibited greater absolute timing error compared with control subjects in the human body motion task (whereas no difference was observed in the inanimate object motion task). No effect of group was documented on the visual working memory tasks. Absolute timing error on the human body motion task did not significantly correlate with symptom severity, disease duration or writing speed. Our findings suggest an alteration of the writing movement representation at a central level and are consistent with the view that dystonia is not a purely motor disorder, but it also involves non-motor (sensory, cognitive) aspects related to movement processing and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV/3, Genoa, Italy.
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Abstract
Playing a musical instrument requires a complex skill set that depends on the brain's ability to quickly integrate information from multiple senses. It has been well documented that intensive musical training alters brain structure and function within and across multisensory brain regions, supporting the experience-dependent plasticity model. Here, we argue that this experience-dependent plasticity occurs because of the multisensory nature of the brain and may be an important contributing factor to musical learning. This review highlights key multisensory regions within the brain and discusses their role in the context of music learning and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Zimmerman
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Strübing F, Ruiz MH, Jabusch HC, Altenmüller E. Error monitoring is altered in musician's dystonia: evidence from ERP-based studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1252:192-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hofman D, Schutter DJLG. Asymmetrical frontal resting-state beta oscillations predict trait aggressive tendencies and behavioral inhibition. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2011; 7:850-7. [PMID: 22016441 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsr060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetrical patterns of frontal cortical activity have been implicated in the development and expression of aggressive behavior. Along with individual motivational tendencies, the ability to restrain one's impulses might be a factor in aggressive behavior. Recently, a role for the inhibitory cortical beta rhythm was suggested. The present study investigated whether individual differences in resting state asymmetries in the beta frequency band were associated with trait aggression and behavioral inhibition. In addition, the selective contributions of the prefrontal and motor cortex areas to these associations were examined. Results showed that relative dominant right frontal beta frequency activity was associated with both heightened trait aggression, especially hostility, and reduced response inhibition. Moreover, asymmetries over the anterior electrode locations proved to be related most closely to trait aggression, while asymmetries over the central electrode locations were associated with response inhibition. Together these findings show that right-dominant frontal beta activity is positively associated with aggressive tendencies and reduced behavioral inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Hofman
- Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Koelsch S. Toward a neural basis of music perception - a review and updated model. Front Psychol 2011; 2:110. [PMID: 21713060 PMCID: PMC3114071 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Music perception involves acoustic analysis, auditory memory, auditory scene analysis, processing of interval relations, of musical syntax and semantics, and activation of (pre)motor representations of actions. Moreover, music perception potentially elicits emotions, thus giving rise to the modulation of emotional effector systems such as the subjective feeling system, the autonomic nervous system, the hormonal, and the immune system. Building on a previous article (Koelsch and Siebel, 2005), this review presents an updated model of music perception and its neural correlates. The article describes processes involved in music perception, and reports EEG and fMRI studies that inform about the time course of these processes, as well as about where in the brain these processes might be located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koelsch
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
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