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Kenyon KH, Boonstra F, Noffs G, Morgan AT, Vogel AP, Kolbe S, Van Der Walt A. The characteristics and reproducibility of motor speech functional neuroimaging in healthy controls. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1382102. [PMID: 39171097 PMCID: PMC11335534 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1382102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can improve our understanding of neural processes subserving motor speech function. Yet its reproducibility remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of fMRI using a word repetition task across two time points. Methods Imaging data from 14 healthy controls were analysed using a multi-level general linear model. Results Significant activation was observed during the task in the right hemispheric cerebellar lobules IV-V, right putamen, and bilateral sensorimotor cortices. Activation between timepoints was found to be moderately reproducible across time in the cerebellum but not in other brain regions. Discussion Preliminary findings highlight the involvement of the cerebellum and connected cerebral regions during a motor speech task. More work is needed to determine the degree of reproducibility of speech fMRI before this could be used as a reliable marker of changes in brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H. Kenyon
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frederique Boonstra
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Noffs
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Redenlab Inc., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela T. Morgan
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam P. Vogel
- Redenlab Inc., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Kolbe
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anneke Van Der Walt
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Zhang Y, Karadas M, Liu J, Gu X, Vöröslakos M, Li Y, Tsien RW, Buzsáki G. Interaction of acetylcholine and oxytocin neuromodulation in the hippocampus. Neuron 2024; 112:1862-1875.e5. [PMID: 38537642 PMCID: PMC11156550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A postulated role of subcortical neuromodulators is to control brain states. Mechanisms by which different neuromodulators compete or cooperate at various temporal scales remain an open question. We investigated the interaction of acetylcholine (ACh) and oxytocin (OXT) at slow and fast timescales during various brain states. Although these neuromodulators fluctuated in parallel during NREM packets, transitions from NREM to REM were characterized by a surge of ACh but a continued decrease of OXT. OXT signaling lagged behind ACh. High ACh was correlated with population synchrony and gamma oscillations during active waking, whereas minimum ACh predicts sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs). Optogenetic control of ACh and OXT neurons confirmed the active role of these neuromodulators in the observed correlations. Synchronous hippocampal activity consistently reduced OXT activity, whereas inactivation of the lateral septum-hypothalamus path attenuated this effect. Our findings demonstrate how cooperative actions of these neuromodulators allow target circuits to perform specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinyi Gu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yulong Li
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Richard W Tsien
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Rodriguez-Sabate C, Gonzalez A, Perez-Darias JC, Morales I, Sole-Sabater M, Rodriguez M. Causality methods to study the functional connectivity in brain networks: the basal ganglia - thalamus causal interactions. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:1-18. [PMID: 37823962 PMCID: PMC10844145 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This study uses methods recently developed to study the complex evolution of atmospheric phenomena which have some similarities with the dynamics of the human brain. In both cases, it is possible to record the activity of particular centers (geographic regions or brain nuclei) but not to make an experimental modification of their state. The study of "causality", which is necessary to understand the dynamics of these complex systems and to develop robust models that can predict their evolution, is hampered by the experimental restrictions imposed by the nature of both systems. The study was performed with data obtained in the thalamus and basal ganglia of awake humans executing different tasks. This work studies the linear, non-linear and more complex relationships of these thalamic centers with the cortex and main BG nuclei, using three complementary techniques: the partial correlation regression method, the Gaussian process regression/distance correlation and a model-free method based on nearest-neighbor that computes the conditional mutual information. These causality methods indicated that the basal ganglia present a different functional relationship with the anterior-ventral (motor), intralaminar and medio-dorsal thalamic centers, and that more than 60% of these thalamus-basal ganglia relationships present a non-linear dynamic (35 of the 57 relationships found). These functional interactions were observed for basal ganglia nuclei with direct structural connections with the thalamus (primary somatosensory and motor cortex, striatum, internal globus pallidum and substantia nigra pars reticulata), but also for basal ganglia without structural connections with the thalamus (external globus pallidum and subthalamic nucleus). The motor tasks induced rapid modifications of the thalamus-basal ganglia interactions. These findings provide new perspectives of the thalamus - BG interactions, many of which may be supported by indirect functional relationships and not by direct excitatory/inhibitory interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rodriguez-Sabate
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albano Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sole-Sabater
- Department of Neurology, La Candelaria University Hospital, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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Kujala J, Mäkelä S, Ojala P, Hyönä J, Salmelin R. Beta- and gamma-band cortico-cortical interactions support naturalistic reading of continuous text. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:238-251. [PMID: 38062542 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale integration of information across cortical structures, building on neural connectivity, has been proposed to be a key element in supporting human cognitive processing. In electrophysiological neuroimaging studies of reading, quantification of neural interactions has been limited to the level of isolated words or sentences due to artefacts induced by eye movements. Here, we combined magnetoencephalography recording with advanced artefact rejection tools to investigate both cortico-cortical coherence and directed neural interactions during naturalistic reading of full-page texts. Our results show that reading versus visual scanning of text was associated with wide-spread increases of cortico-cortical coherence in the beta and gamma bands. We further show that the reading task was linked to increased directed neural interactions compared to the scanning task across a sparse set of connections within a wide range of frequencies. Together, the results demonstrate that neural connectivity flexibly builds on different frequency bands to support continuous natural reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kujala
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sasu Mäkelä
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Pauliina Ojala
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka Hyönä
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Salmelin
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Usami K, Matsumoto R, Korzeniewska A, Shimotake A, Matsuhashi M, Nakae T, Kikuchi T, Yoshida K, Kunieda T, Takahashi R, Crone NE, Ikeda A. The dynamics of cortical interactions in visual recognition of object category: living versus nonliving. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:5740-5750. [PMID: 36408645 PMCID: PMC10152084 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive brain imaging studies have shown that higher visual processing of objects occurs in neural populations that are separable along broad semantic categories, particularly living versus nonliving objects. However, because of their limited temporal resolution, these studies have not been able to determine whether broad semantic categories are also reflected in the dynamics of neural interactions within cortical networks. We investigated the time course of neural propagation among cortical areas activated during object naming in 12 patients implanted with subdural electrode grids prior to epilepsy surgery, with a special focus on the visual recognition phase of the task. Analysis of event-related causality revealed significantly stronger neural propagation among sites within ventral temporal lobe (VTL) at early latencies, around 250 ms, for living objects compared to nonliving objects. Differences in other features, including familiarity, visual complexity, and age of acquisition, did not significantly change the patterns of neural propagation. Our findings suggest that the visual processing of living objects relies on stronger causal interactions among sites within VTL, perhaps reflecting greater integration of visual feature processing. In turn, this may help explain the fragility of naming living objects in neurological diseases affecting VTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD 21287, United States
| | - Akihiro Shimotake
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama 524-8524, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD 21287, United States
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Weiss AR, Korzeniewska A, Chrabaszcz A, Bush A, Fiez JA, Crone NE, Richardson RM. Lexicality-Modulated Influence of Auditory Cortex on Subthalamic Nucleus During Motor Planning for Speech. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 4:53-80. [PMID: 37229140 PMCID: PMC10205077 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Speech requires successful information transfer within cortical-basal ganglia loop circuits to produce the desired acoustic output. For this reason, up to 90% of Parkinson's disease patients experience impairments of speech articulation. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is highly effective in controlling the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, sometimes alongside speech improvement, but subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS can also lead to decreases in semantic and phonological fluency. This paradox demands better understanding of the interactions between the cortical speech network and the STN, which can be investigated with intracranial EEG recordings collected during DBS implantation surgery. We analyzed the propagation of high-gamma activity between STN, superior temporal gyrus (STG), and ventral sensorimotor cortices during reading aloud via event-related causality, a method that estimates strengths and directionalities of neural activity propagation. We employed a newly developed bivariate smoothing model based on a two-dimensional moving average, which is optimal for reducing random noise while retaining a sharp step response, to ensure precise embedding of statistical significance in the time-frequency space. Sustained and reciprocal neural interactions between STN and ventral sensorimotor cortex were observed. Moreover, high-gamma activity propagated from the STG to the STN prior to speech onset. The strength of this influence was affected by the lexical status of the utterance, with increased activity propagation during word versus pseudoword reading. These unique data suggest a potential role for the STN in the feedforward control of speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Weiss
- JHU Cognitive Neurophysiology and BMI Lab, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- JHU Cognitive Neurophysiology and BMI Lab, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Chrabaszcz
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan Bush
- Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A. Fiez
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nathan E. Crone
- JHU Cognitive Neurophysiology and BMI Lab, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M. Richardson
- Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cometa A, Falasconi A, Biasizzo M, Carpaneto J, Horn A, Mazzoni A, Micera S. Clinical neuroscience and neurotechnology: An amazing symbiosis. iScience 2022; 25:105124. [PMID: 36193050 PMCID: PMC9526189 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, clinical neuroscience found a novel ally in neurotechnologies, devices able to record and stimulate electrical activity in the nervous system. These technologies improved the ability to diagnose and treat neural disorders. Neurotechnologies are concurrently enabling a deeper understanding of healthy and pathological dynamics of the nervous system through stimulation and recordings during brain implants. On the other hand, clinical neurosciences are not only driving neuroengineering toward the most relevant clinical issues, but are also shaping the neurotechnologies thanks to clinical advancements. For instance, understanding the etiology of a disease informs the location of a therapeutic stimulation, but also the way stimulation patterns should be designed to be more effective/naturalistic. Here, we describe cases of fruitful integration such as Deep Brain Stimulation and cortical interfaces to highlight how this symbiosis between clinical neuroscience and neurotechnology is closer to a novel integrated framework than to a simple interdisciplinary interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cometa
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Falasconi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Biasizzo
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo Carpaneto
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andreas Horn
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics Department of Neurology Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- MGH Neurosurgery & Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR) at MGH Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alberto Mazzoni
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvestro Micera
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Translational Neural Engineering Lab, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fèdèrale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mangiaruga A, D'Atri A, Scarpelli S, Alfonsi V, Camaioni M, Annarumma L, Gorgoni M, Pazzaglia M, De Gennaro L. Sleep talking versus sleep moaning: electrophysiological patterns preceding linguistic vocalizations during sleep. Sleep 2022; 45:zsab284. [PMID: 34893917 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep talking (ST) has been rarely studied as an isolated phenomenon. Late investigations over the psycholinguistic features of vocal production in ST pointed to coherence with wake language formal features. Therefore, we investigated the EEG correlates of Verbal ST as the overt manifestation of sleep-related language processing, with the hypothesis of shared electrophysiological correlates with wake language production. METHODS From a sample of 155 Highly frequent STs, we recorded 13 participants (age range 19-30 years, mean age 24.6 ± 3.3; 7F) via vPSG for at least two consecutive nights, and a total of 28 nights. We first investigated the sleep macrostructure of STs compared to 13 age and gender-matched subjects. We then compared the EEG signal before 21 Verbal STs versus 21 Nonverbal STs (moaning, laughing, crying, etc.) in six STs reporting both vocalization types in Stage 2 NREM sleep. RESULTS The 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance Group × Night interaction showed no statistically significant effect for macrostructural variables, but significant main effects for Group with lower REM (%), total sleep time, total bedtime, sleep efficiency index, and greater NREM (%) for STs compared to controls. EEG statistical comparisons (paired-samples Student's t-test) showed a decrement in power spectra for Verbal STs versus Nonverbal STs within the theta and alpha EEG bands, strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere and localized on centro-parietal-occipitals channels. A single left parietal channel (P7) held significance after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest shared neural mechanisms between Verbal ST and language processing during wakefulness and a possible functional overlapping with linguistic planning in wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurora D'Atri
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Milena Camaioni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariella Pazzaglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Action and Body Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Action and Body Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Endemann C, Krause BM, Nourski KV, Banks MI, Veen BV. Multivariate autoregressive model estimation for high dimensional intracranial electrophysiological data. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119057. [PMID: 35354095 PMCID: PMC9360562 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental to elucidating the functional organization of the brain is the assessment of causal interactions between different brain regions. Multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) modeling techniques applied to multisite electrophysiological recordings are a promising avenue for identifying such causal links. They estimate the degree to which past activity in one or more brain regions is predictive of another region's present activity, while simultaneously accounting for the mediating effects of other regions. Including as many mediating variables as possible in the model has the benefit of drastically reducing the odds of detecting spurious causal connectivity. However, effective bounds on the number of MVAR model coefficients that can be estimated reliably from limited data make exploiting the potential of MVAR models challenging for even modest numbers of recording sites. Here, we utilize well-established dimensionality-reduction techniques to fit MVAR models to human intracranial data from ∼100 - 200 recording sites spanning dozens of anatomically and functionally distinct cortical regions. First, we show that high dimensional MVAR models can be successfully estimated from long segments of data and yield plausible connectivity profiles. Next, we use these models to generate synthetic data with known ground-truth connectivity to explore the utility of applying principal component analysis and group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (gLASSO) to reduce the number of parameters (connections) during model fitting to shorter data segments. We show that gLASSO is highly effective for recovering ground-truth connectivity in the limited data regime, capturing important features of connectivity for high-dimensional models with as little as 10 seconds of data. The methods presented here have broad applicability to the analysis of high-dimensional time series data in neuroscience, facilitating the elucidation of the neural basis of sensation, cognition, and arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan M Krause
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirill V Nourski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew I Banks
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Barry Van Veen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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10
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Significance of event related causality (ERC) in eloquent neural networks. Neural Netw 2022; 149:204-216. [PMID: 35248810 PMCID: PMC9029701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural activity emerges and propagates swiftly between brain areas. Investigation of these transient large-scale flows requires sophisticated statistical models. We present a method for assessing the statistical confidence of event-related neural propagation. Furthermore, we propose a criterion for statistical model selection, based on both goodness of fit and width of confidence intervals. We show that event-related causality (ERC) with two-dimensional (2D) moving average, is an efficient estimator of task-related neural propagation and that it can be used to determine how different cognitive task demands affect the strength and directionality of neural propagation across human cortical networks. Using electrodes surgically implanted on the surface of the brain for clinical testing prior to epilepsy surgery, we recorded electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals as subjects performed three naming tasks: naming of ambiguous and unambiguous visual objects, and as a contrast, naming to auditory description. ERC revealed robust and statistically significant patterns of high gamma activity propagation, consistent with models of visually and auditorily cued word production. Interestingly, ambiguous visual stimuli elicited more robust propagation from visual to auditory cortices relative to unambiguous stimuli, whereas naming to auditory description elicited propagation in the opposite direction, consistent with recruitment of modalities other than those of the stimulus during object recognition and naming. The new method introduced here is uniquely suitable to both research and clinical applications and can be used to estimate the statistical significance of neural propagation for both cognitive neuroscientific studies and functional brain mapping prior to resective surgery for epilepsy and brain tumors.
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11
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Valeriani D, Simonyan K. The dynamic connectome of speech control. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200256. [PMID: 34482717 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Speech production relies on the orchestrated control of multiple brain regions. The specific, directional influences within these networks remain poorly understood. We used regression dynamic causal modelling to infer the whole-brain directed (effective) connectivity from functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 36 healthy individuals during the production of meaningful English sentences and meaningless syllables. We identified that the two dynamic connectomes have distinct architectures that are dependent on the complexity of task production. The speech was regulated by a dynamic neural network, the most influential nodes of which were centred around superior and inferior parietal areas and influenced the whole-brain network activity via long-ranging coupling with primary sensorimotor, prefrontal, temporal and insular regions. By contrast, syllable production was controlled by a more compressed, cost-efficient network structure, involving sensorimotor cortico-subcortical integration via superior parietal and cerebellar network hubs. These data demonstrate the mechanisms by which the neural network reorganizes the connectivity of its influential regions, from supporting the fundamental aspects of simple syllabic vocal motor output to multimodal information processing of speech motor output. This article is part of the theme issue 'Vocal learning in animals and humans'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Valeriani
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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12
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Cometa A, D'Orio P, Revay M, Micera S, Artoni F. Stimulus evoked causality estimation in stereo-EEG. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34534968 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac27fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) has recently gained importance in analyzing brain functions. Its high temporal resolution and spatial specificity make it a powerful tool to investigate the strength, direction, and spectral content of brain networks interactions, especially when these connections are stimulus-evoked. However, choosing the best approach to evaluate the flow of information is not trivial, due to the lack of validated methods explicitly designed for SEEG.Approach.We propose a novel non-parametric statistical test for event-related causality (ERC) assessment on SEEG recordings. Here, we refer to the ERC as the causality evoked by a particular part of the stimulus (a response window (RW)). We also present a data surrogation method to evaluate the performance of a causality estimation algorithm. We finally validated our pipeline using surrogate SEEG data derived from an experimentally collected dataset, and compared the most used and successful measures to estimate effective connectivity, belonging to the Geweke-Granger causality framework.Main results.Here we show that our workflow correctly identified all the directed connections in the RW of the surrogate data and prove the robustness of the procedure against synthetic noise with amplitude exceeding physiological-plausible values. Among the causality measures tested, partial directed coherence performed best.Significance.This is the first non-parametric statistical test for ERC estimation explicitly designed for SEEG datasets. The pipeline, in principle, can also be applied to the analysis of any type of time-varying estimator, if there exists a clearly defined RW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cometa
- BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio D'Orio
- 'Claudio Munari' Center for Epilepsy Surgery, ASST GOM Niguarda Hospital, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milano, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, via Volturno 39E, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Martina Revay
- 'Claudio Munari' Center for Epilepsy Surgery, ASST GOM Niguarda Hospital, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - Silvestro Micera
- BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy.,Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational NeuroEngineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and School of Engineering, Chemin des Mines, 9, Geneva, GE CH 1202, Switzerland
| | - Fiorenzo Artoni
- BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy.,Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational NeuroEngineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and School of Engineering, Chemin des Mines, 9, Geneva, GE CH 1202, Switzerland
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13
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Alhourani A, Korzeniewska A, Wozny TA, Lipski WJ, Kondylis ED, Ghuman AS, Crone NE, Crammond DJ, Turner RS, Richardson RM. Subthalamic Nucleus Activity Influences Sensory and Motor Cortex during Force Transduction. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:2615-2626. [PMID: 31989165 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is proposed to participate in pausing, or alternately, in dynamic scaling of behavioral responses, roles that have conflicting implications for understanding STN function in the context of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy. To examine the nature of event-related STN activity and subthalamic-cortical dynamics, we performed primary motor and somatosensory electrocorticography while subjects (n = 10) performed a grip force task during DBS implantation surgery. Phase-locking analyses demonstrated periods of STN-cortical coherence that bracketed force transduction, in both beta and gamma ranges. Event-related causality measures demonstrated that both STN beta and gamma activity predicted motor cortical beta and gamma activity not only during force generation but also prior to movement onset. These findings are consistent with the idea that the STN participates in motor planning, in addition to the modulation of ongoing movement. We also demonstrated bidirectional information flow between the STN and somatosensory cortex in both beta and gamma range frequencies, suggesting robust STN participation in somatosensory integration. In fact, interactions in beta activity between the STN and somatosensory cortex, and not between STN and motor cortex, predicted PD symptom severity. Thus, the STN contributes to multiple aspects of sensorimotor behavior dynamically across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhourani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thomas A Wozny
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Witold J Lipski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Efstathios D Kondylis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Avniel S Ghuman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Donald J Crammond
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert S Turner
- Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Jobst BC, Conner KR, Coulter D, Fried I, Guilfoyle S, Hirsch LJ, Hogan RE, Hopp JL, Naritoku D, Plueger M, Schevon C, Smith G, Valencia I, Gaillard WD. Highlights From AES2020, a Virtual American Epilepsy Society Experience. Epilepsy Curr 2021; 21:15357597211018219. [PMID: 33998298 PMCID: PMC8512915 DOI: 10.1177/15357597211018219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to COVID-19 a live, in-person meeting was not possible for the American Epilepsy Society in 2020. An alternative, virtual event, the AES2020, was held instead. AES2020 was a great success with 4679 attendees from 70 countries. The educational content was outstanding and spanned the causes, treatments, and outcomes from epileptic encephalopathy to the iatrogenicity of epilepsy interventions to neurocognitive disabilities to the approach to neocortical epilepsies. New gene therapy approaches such as antisense oligonucleotide treatment for Dravet syndrome were introduced and neuromodulation devices were discussed. There were many other topics discussed in special interest groups and investigators' workshops. A highlight was having a Nobel prize winner speak about memory processing. Human intracranial electrophysiology contributes insights into memory processing and complements animal work. In a special COVID symposium, the impact of COVID on patients with epilepsy was reviewed. Telehealth has been expanded rapidly and may be well suited for some parts of epilepsy care. In summary, the epilepsy community was alive and engaged despite being limited to a virtual platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shanna Guilfoyle
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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15
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Wang Y, Korzeniewska A, Usami K, Valenzuela A, Crone NE. The Dynamics of Language Network Interactions in Lexical Selection: An Intracranial EEG Study. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2058-2070. [PMID: 33283856 PMCID: PMC7945024 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Speaking in sentences requires selection from contextually determined lexical representations. Although posterior temporal cortex (PTC) and Broca's areas play important roles in storage and selection, respectively, of lexical representations, there has been no direct evidence for physiological interactions between these areas on time scales typical of lexical selection. Using intracranial recordings of cortical population activity indexed by high-gamma power (70-150 Hz) modulations, we studied the causal dynamics of cortical language networks while epilepsy surgery patients performed a sentence completion task in which the number of potential lexical responses was systematically varied. Prior to completion of sentences with more response possibilities, Broca's area was not only more active, but also exhibited more local network interactions with and greater top-down influences on PTC, consistent with activation of, and competition between, more lexical representations. These findings provide the most direct experimental support yet for network dynamics playing a role in lexical selection among competing alternatives during speech production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Alyssandra Valenzuela
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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16
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Usami K, Milsap GW, Korzeniewska A, Collard MJ, Wang Y, Lesser RP, Anderson WS, Crone NE. Cortical Responses to Input From Distant Areas are Modulated by Local Spontaneous Alpha/Beta Oscillations. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:777-787. [PMID: 29373641 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Any given area in human cortex may receive input from multiple, functionally heterogeneous areas, potentially representing different processing threads. Alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta oscillations (13-20 Hz) have been hypothesized by other investigators to gate local cortical processing, but their influence on cortical responses to input from other cortical areas is unknown. To study this, we measured the effect of local oscillatory power and phase on cortical responses elicited by single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) at distant cortical sites, in awake human subjects implanted with intracranial electrodes for epilepsy surgery. In 4 out of 5 subjects, the amplitudes of corticocortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) elicited by distant SPES were reproducibly modulated by the power, but not the phase, of local oscillations in alpha and beta frequencies. Specifically, CCEP amplitudes were higher when average oscillatory power just before distant SPES (-110 to -10 ms) was high. This effect was observed in only a subset (0-33%) of sites with CCEPs and, like the CCEPs themselves, varied with stimulation at different distant sites. Our results suggest that although alpha and beta oscillations may gate local processing, they may also enhance the responsiveness of cortex to input from distant cortical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Griffin W Milsap
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell J Collard
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ronald P Lesser
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Korzeniewska A, Wang Y, Benz HL, Fifer MS, Collard M, Milsap G, Cervenka MC, Martin A, Gotts SJ, Crone NE. Changes in human brain dynamics during behavioral priming and repetition suppression. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 189:101788. [PMID: 32198060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral responses to a perceptual stimulus are typically faster with repeated exposure to the stimulus (behavioral priming). This implicit learning mechanism is critical for survival but impaired in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Many studies of the neural bases for behavioral priming have encountered an interesting paradox: in spite of faster behavioral responses, repeated stimuli usually elicit weaker neural responses (repetition suppression). Several neurophysiological models have been proposed to resolve this paradox, but noninvasive techniques for human studies have had insufficient spatial-temporal precision for testing their predictions. Here, we used the unparalleled precision of electrocorticography (ECoG) to analyze the timing and magnitude of task-related changes in neural activation and propagation while patients named novel vs repeated visual objects. Stimulus repetition was associated with faster verbal responses and decreased neural activation (repetition suppression) in ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC) and left prefrontal cortex (LPFC). Interestingly, we also observed increased neural activation (repetition enhancement) in LPFC and other recording sites. Moreover, with analysis of high gamma propagation we observed increased top-down propagation from LPFC into VOTC, preceding repetition suppression. The latter results indicate that repetition suppression and behavioral priming are associated with strengthening of top-down network influences on perceptual processing, consistent with predictive coding models of repetition suppression, and they support a central role for changes in large-scale cortical dynamics in achieving more efficient and rapid behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA.
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Heather L Benz
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Matthew S Fifer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Max Collard
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Griffin Milsap
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Mackenzie C Cervenka
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Alex Martin
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
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18
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Li H, Wang Y, Tanabe S, Sun Y, Yan G, Quigg MS, Zhang T. Mapping epileptic directional brain networks using intracranial EEG data. Biostatistics 2019; 22:613-628. [PMID: 31879751 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a directional network system, in which brain regions are network nodes and the influence exerted by one region on another is a network edge. We refer to this directional information flow from one region to another as directional connectivity. Seizures arise from an epileptic directional network; abnormal neuronal activities start from a seizure onset zone and propagate via a network to otherwise healthy brain regions. As such, effective epilepsy diagnosis and treatment require accurate identification of directional connections among regions, i.e., mapping of epileptic patients' brain networks. This article aims to understand the epileptic brain network using intracranial electroencephalographic data-recordings of epileptic patients' brain activities in many regions. The most popular models for directional connectivity use ordinary differential equations (ODE). However, ODE models are sensitive to data noise and computationally costly. To address these issues, we propose a high-dimensional state-space multivariate autoregression (SSMAR) model for the brain's directional connectivity. Different from standard multivariate autoregression and SSMAR models, the proposed SSMAR features a cluster structure, where the brain network consists of several clusters of densely connected brain regions. We develop an expectation-maximization algorithm to estimate the proposed model and use it to map the interregional networks of epileptic patients in different seizure stages. Our method reveals the evolution of brain networks during seizure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhang Li
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia 148 Amphitheater Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4135, USA
| | - Yaotian Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia 148 Amphitheater Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4135, USA
| | - Seiji Tanabe
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia 148 Amphitheater Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4135, USA
| | - Yinge Sun
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia 148 Amphitheater Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4135, USA
| | - Guofen Yan
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia 148 Amphitheater Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4135, USA
| | - Mark S Quigg
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia 148 Amphitheater Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4135, USA
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia 148 Amphitheater Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4135, USA
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19
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Madhavan R, Bansal AK, Madsen JR, Golby AJ, Tierney TS, Eskandar EN, Anderson WS, Kreiman G. Neural Interactions Underlying Visuomotor Associations in the Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4551-4567. [PMID: 30590542 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and flexible learning during behavioral choices is critical to our daily endeavors and constitutes a hallmark of dynamic reasoning. An important paradigm to examine flexible behavior involves learning new arbitrary associations mapping visual inputs to motor outputs. We conjectured that visuomotor rules are instantiated by translating visual signals into actions through dynamic interactions between visual, frontal and motor cortex. We evaluated the neural representation of such visuomotor rules by performing intracranial field potential recordings in epilepsy subjects during a rule-learning delayed match-to-behavior task. Learning new visuomotor mappings led to the emergence of specific responses associating visual signals with motor outputs in 3 anatomical clusters in frontal, anteroventral temporal and posterior parietal cortex. After learning, mapping selective signals during the delay period showed interactions with visual and motor signals. These observations provide initial steps towards elucidating the dynamic circuits underlying flexible behavior and how communication between subregions of frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex leads to rapid learning of task-relevant choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Madhavan
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, US
| | - Arjun K Bansal
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, US.,Current affiliation: Nervana Systems, Inc., 12220 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA, US
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, US
| | - Alexandra J Golby
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, US
| | - Travis S Tierney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, US
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, US
| | - William S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Medical School, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Gabriel Kreiman
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, US.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, US
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20
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Mazurek KA, Richardson D, Abraham N, Foxe JJ, Freedman EG. Utilizing High-Density Electroencephalography and Motion Capture Technology to Characterize Sensorimotor Integration While Performing Complex Actions. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 28:287-296. [PMID: 31567095 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2941574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Studies of sensorimotor integration often use sensory stimuli that require a simple motor response, such as a reach or a grasp. Recent advances in neural recording techniques, motion capture technologies, and time-synchronization methods enable studying sensorimotor integration using more complex sensory stimuli and performed actions. Here, we demonstrate that prehensile actions that require using complex sensory instructions for manipulating different objects can be characterized using high-density electroencephalography and motion capture systems. In 20 participants, we presented stimuli in different sensory modalities (visual, auditory) containing different contextual information about the object with which to interact. Neural signals recorded near motor cortex and posterior parietal cortex discharged based on both the instruction delivered and object manipulated. Additionally, kinematics of the wrist movements could be discriminated between participants. These findings demonstrate a proof-of-concept behavioral paradigm for studying sensorimotor integration of multidimensional sensory stimuli to perform complex movements. The designed framework will prove vital for studying neural control of movements in clinical populations in which sensorimotor integration is impaired due to information no longer being communicated correctly between brain regions (e.g. stroke). Such a framework is the first step towards developing a neural rehabilitative system for restoring function more effectively.
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21
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Zweiphenning WJEM, Keijzer HM, van Diessen E, van ‘t Klooster MA, van Klink NEC, Leijten FSS, van Rijen PC, van Putten MJAM, Braun KPJ, Zijlmans M. Increased gamma and decreased fast ripple connections of epileptic tissue: A high-frequency directed network approach. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1908-1920. [PMID: 31329277 PMCID: PMC6852371 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE New insights into high-frequency electroencephalographic activity and network analysis provide potential tools to improve delineation of epileptic tissue and increase the chance of postoperative seizure freedom. Based on our observation of high-frequency oscillations "spreading outward" from the epileptic source, we hypothesize that measures of directed connectivity in the high-frequency range distinguish epileptic from healthy brain tissue. METHODS We retrospectively selected refractory epilepsy patients with a malformation of cortical development or tumor World Health Organization grade I/II who underwent epilepsy surgery with intraoperative electrocorticography for tailoring the resection based on spikes. We assessed directed functional connectivity in the theta (4-8 Hz), gamma (30-80 Hz), ripple (80-250 Hz), and fast ripple (FR; 250-500 Hz) bands using the short-time direct directed transfer function, and calculated the total, incoming, and outgoing propagation strength for each electrode. We compared network measures of electrodes covering the resected and nonresected areas separately for patients with good and poor outcome, and of electrodes with and without spikes, ripples, and FRs (group level: paired t test; patient level: Mann-Whitney U test). We selected the measure that could best identify the resected area and channels with epileptic events using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and calculated the positive and negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS We found higher total and outstrength in the ripple and gamma bands in resected tissue in patients with good outcome (rippletotal : P = .01; rippleout : P = .04; gammatotal : P = .01; gammaout : P = .01). Channels with events showed lower total and instrength, and higher outstrength in the FR band, and higher total and outstrength in the ripple, gamma, and theta bands (FRtotal : P = .05; FRin : P < .01; FRout : P = .02; gammatotal : P < .01; gammain : P = .01; gammaout : P < .01; thetatotal : P = .01; thetaout : P = .01). The total strength in the gamma band was most distinctive at the channel level (positive predictive value [PPV]good = 74%, PPVpoor = 43%). SIGNIFICANCE Interictally, epileptic tissue is isolated in the FR band and acts as a driver up to the (fast) ripple frequency range. The gamma band total strength seems promising to delineate epileptic tissue intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemiek J. E. M. Zweiphenning
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Hanneke M. Keijzer
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical MedicineClinical Neurophysiology GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Eric van Diessen
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Maryse A. van ‘t Klooster
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Nicole E. C. van Klink
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Frans S. S. Leijten
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Peter C. van Rijen
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Michel J. A. M. van Putten
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical MedicineClinical Neurophysiology GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Kees P. J. Braun
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Maeike Zijlmans
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Epilepsy Foundation of the NetherlandsHeemstedethe Netherlands
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22
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Gehrig J, Michalareas G, Forster MT, Lei J, Hok P, Laufs H, Senft C, Seifert V, Schoffelen JM, Hanslmayr S, Kell CA. Low-Frequency Oscillations Code Speech during Verbal Working Memory. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6498-6512. [PMID: 31196933 PMCID: PMC6697399 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0018-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The way the human brain represents speech in memory is still unknown. An obvious characteristic of speech is its evolvement over time. During speech processing, neural oscillations are modulated by the temporal properties of the acoustic speech signal, but also acquired knowledge on the temporal structure of language influences speech perception-related brain activity. This suggests that speech could be represented in the temporal domain, a form of representation that the brain also uses to encode autobiographic memories. Empirical evidence for such a memory code is lacking. We investigated the nature of speech memory representations using direct cortical recordings in the left perisylvian cortex during delayed sentence reproduction in female and male patients undergoing awake tumor surgery. Our results reveal that the brain endogenously represents speech in the temporal domain. Temporal pattern similarity analyses revealed that the phase of frontotemporal low-frequency oscillations, primarily in the beta range, represents sentence identity in working memory. The positive relationship between beta power during working memory and task performance suggests that working memory representations benefit from increased phase separation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Memory is an endogenous source of information based on experience. While neural oscillations encode autobiographic memories in the temporal domain, little is known on their contribution to memory representations of human speech. Our electrocortical recordings in participants who maintain sentences in memory identify the phase of left frontotemporal beta oscillations as the most prominent information carrier of sentence identity. These observations provide evidence for a theoretical model on speech memory representations and explain why interfering with beta oscillations in the left inferior frontal cortex diminishes verbal working memory capacity. The lack of sentence identity coding at the syllabic rate suggests that sentences are represented in memory in a more abstract form compared with speech coding during speech perception and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gehrig
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Juan Lei
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pavel Hok
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Helmut Laufs
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Senft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Seifert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Simon Hanslmayr
- School of Psychology at University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christian A Kell
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany,
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23
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Usami K, Korzeniewska A, Matsumoto R, Kobayashi K, Hitomi T, Matsuhashi M, Kunieda T, Mikuni N, Kikuchi T, Yoshida K, Miyamoto S, Takahashi R, Ikeda A, Crone NE. The neural tides of sleep and consciousness revealed by single-pulse electrical brain stimulation. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz050. [PMID: 30794319 PMCID: PMC6559171 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wakefulness and sleep arise from global changes in brain physiology that may also govern the flow of neural activity between cortical regions responsible for perceptual processing versus planning and action. To test whether and how the sleep/wake cycle affects the overall propagation of neural activity in large-scale brain networks, we applied single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) in patients implanted with intracranial EEG electrodes for epilepsy surgery. SPES elicited cortico-cortical spectral responses at high-gamma frequencies (CCSRHG, 80-150 Hz), which indexes changes in neuronal population firing rates. Using event-related causality (ERC) analysis, we found that the overall patterns of neural propagation among sites with CCSRHG were different during wakefulness and different sleep stages. For example, stimulation of frontal lobe elicited greater propagation toward parietal lobe during slow-wave sleep than during wakefulness. During REM sleep, we observed a decrease in propagation within frontal lobe, and an increase in propagation within parietal lobe, elicited by frontal and parietal stimulation, respectively. These biases in the directionality of large-scale cortical network dynamics during REM sleep could potentially account for some of the unique experiential aspects of this sleep stage. Together these findings suggest that the regulation of conscious awareness and sleep is associated with differences in the balance of neural propagation across large-scale frontal-parietal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takefumi Hitomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Research and Educational Unit of Leaders for Integrated Medical System, Kyoto University Graduate School of medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shizukawa Toon city, Ehime, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mikuni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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24
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Kern M, Bert S, Glanz O, Schulze-Bonhage A, Ball T. Human motor cortex relies on sparse and action-specific activation during laughing, smiling and speech production. Commun Biol 2019; 2:118. [PMID: 30937400 PMCID: PMC6435746 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Smiling, laughing, and overt speech production are fundamental to human everyday communication. However, little is known about how the human brain achieves the highly accurate and differentiated control of such orofacial movement during natural conditions. Here, we utilized the high spatiotemporal resolution of subdural recordings to elucidate how human motor cortex is functionally engaged during control of real-life orofacial motor behaviour. For each investigated movement class-lip licking, speech production, laughing and smiling-our findings reveal a characteristic brain activity pattern within the mouth motor cortex with both spatial segregation and overlap between classes. Our findings thus show that motor cortex relies on sparse and action-specific activation during real-life orofacial behaviour, apparently organized in distinct but overlapping subareas that control different types of natural orofacial movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kern
- Medical AI Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106 Germany
- Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104 Germany
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106 Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110 Germany
| | - Sina Bert
- Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104 Germany
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106 Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110 Germany
| | - Olga Glanz
- Medical AI Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106 Germany
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106 Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110 Germany
- Hermann Paul School Linguistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79085 Germany
- GRK 1624, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79098 Germany
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106 Germany
| | - Tonio Ball
- Medical AI Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106 Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110 Germany
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25
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Vaitkevicius H, Vanagas V, Soliunas A, Svegzda A, Bliumas R, Stanikunas R, Kulikowski JJ. Fast cyclic stimulus flashing modulates perception of bi-stable figure. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6011. [PMID: 30515361 PMCID: PMC6266943 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many experiments have demonstrated that the rhythms in the brain influence the initial perceptual information processing. We investigated whether the alternation rate of the perception of a Necker cube depends on the frequency and duration of a flashing Necker cube. We hypothesize that synchronization between the external rhythm of a flashing stimulus and the internal rhythm of neuronal processing should change the alternation rate of a Necker cube. Knowing how a flickering stimulus with a given frequency and duration affects the alternation rate of bistable perception, we could estimate the frequency of the internal neuronal processing. Our results show that the perception time of the dominant stimulus depends on the frequency or duration of the flashing stimuli. The duration of the stimuli, at which the duration of the perceived image was maximal, was repeated periodically at 4 ms intervals. We suppose that such results could be explained by the existence of an internal rhythm of 125 cycles/s for bistable visual perception. We can also suppose that it is not the stimulus duration but the precise timing of the moments of switching on of external stimuli to match the internal stimuli which explains our experimental results. Similarity between the effects of flashing frequency on alternation rate of stimuli perception in present and previously performed experiment on binocular rivalry support the existence of a common mechanism for binocular rivalry and monocular perception of ambiguous figures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alvydas Soliunas
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | - Janus J. Kulikowski
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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26
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Kambara T, Brown EC, Silverstein BH, Nakai Y, Asano E. Neural dynamics of verbal working memory in auditory description naming. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15868. [PMID: 30367077 PMCID: PMC6203730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory naming is suggested to require verbal working memory (WM) operations in addition to speech sound perception during the sentence listening period and semantic/syntactic processing during the subsequent judgement period. We attempted to dissect cortical activations attributable to verbal WM from those otherwise involved in answering auditory sentence questions. We studied 19 patients who underwent electrocorticography recordings and measured high-gamma activity during auditory naming and WM tasks. In the auditory naming task, inferior-precentral high-gamma activity was augmented during sentence listening, and the magnitude of augmentation was independently correlated to that during the WM task maintenance period as well as patient age. High-gamma augmentation during the WM task scanning period accounted for high-gamma variance during the naming task judgement period in some of the left frontal association neocortex regions (most significantly in the middle-frontal, less in the inferior-frontal, and least in the orbitofrontal gyrus). Inferior-frontal high-gamma augmentation was left-hemispheric dominant during naming task judgement but rather symmetric during WM scanning. Left orbitofrontal high-gamma augmentation was evident only during the naming task judgement period but minimal during the WM task scanning period. The inferior-precentral regions may exert WM maintenance during sentence listening, and such maintenance function may be gradually strengthened as the brain matures. The left frontal association neocortex may have a dorsal-to-ventral gradient in functional roles during naming task judgement. Namely, left middle-frontal activation may be well-attributable to WM scanning function, whereas left orbitofrontal activation may be attributable less to WM scanning but more largely to syntactic/semantic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimune Kambara
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 1020083, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 7398524, Japan
| | - Erik C Brown
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Brian H Silverstein
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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27
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An intracerebral exploration of functional connectivity during word production. J Comput Neurosci 2018; 46:125-140. [DOI: 10.1007/s10827-018-0699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Moharramipour A, Mostame P, Hossein-Zadeh GA, Wheless JW, Babajani-Feremi A. Comparison of statistical tests in effective connectivity analysis of ECoG data. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:317-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Muldoon SF, Costantini J, Webber WRS, Lesser R, Bassett DS. Locally stable brain states predict suppression of epileptic activity by enhanced cognitive effort. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:599-607. [PMID: 29845008 PMCID: PMC5964828 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive effort is known to play a role in healthy brain state organization, but little is known about its effects on pathological brain dynamics. When cortical stimulation is used to map functional brain areas prior to surgery, a common unwanted side effect is the appearance of afterdischarges (ADs), epileptiform and potentially epileptogenic discharges that can progress to a clinical seizure. It is therefore desirable to suppress this activity. Here, we analyze electrocorticography recordings from 15 patients with epilepsy. We show that a cognitive intervention in the form of asking an arithmetic question can be effective in suppressing ADs, but that its effectiveness is dependent upon the brain state at the time of intervention. By applying novel techniques from network analysis to quantify brain states, we find that the spatial organization of ADs with respect to coherent brain regions relates to the success of the cognitive intervention: if ADs are mainly localized within a single stable brain region, a cognitive intervention is likely to suppress the ADs. These findings show that cognitive effort is a useful tactic to modify unstable pathological activity associated with epilepsy, and suggest that the success of therapeutic interventions to alter activity may depend on an individual's brain state at the time of intervention. Cognitive intervention in the form of an arithmetic question can sometimes stop epileptic afterdischarges Brain states are measured through community structure of functional brain networks Success of intervention depends on spatial relationship between afterdischarge network and brain state Dynamic community detection is used to assess community stability If the afterdischarge network is in a strong, stable community, the cognitive intervention likely stops the afterdischarges
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Muldoon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD 21005, USA
| | - Julia Costantini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - W R S Webber
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ronald Lesser
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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30
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Braun U, Schaefer A, Betzel RF, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Bassett DS. From Maps to Multi-dimensional Network Mechanisms of Mental Disorders. Neuron 2018; 97:14-31. [PMID: 29301099 PMCID: PMC5757246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of advanced neuroimaging techniques and their deployment in large cohorts has enabled an assessment of functional and structural brain network architecture at an unprecedented level of detail. Across many temporal and spatial scales, network neuroscience has emerged as a central focus of intellectual efforts, seeking meaningful descriptions of brain networks and explanatory sets of network features that underlie circuit function in health and dysfunction in disease. However, the tools of network science commonly deployed provide insight into brain function at a fundamentally descriptive level, often failing to identify (patho-)physiological mechanisms that link system-level phenomena to the multiple hierarchies of brain function. Here we describe recently developed techniques stemming from advances in complex systems and network science that have the potential to overcome this limitation, thereby contributing mechanistic insights into neuroanatomy, functional dynamics, and pathology. Finally, we build on the Research Domain Criteria framework, highlighting the notion that mental illnesses can be conceptualized as dysfunctions of neural circuitry present across conventional diagnostic boundaries, to sketch how network-based methods can be combined with pharmacological, intermediate phenotype, genetic, and magnetic stimulation studies to probe mechanisms of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Braun
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Axel Schaefer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard F Betzel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Heike Tost
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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31
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Distinct Neural Activities in Premotor Cortex during Natural Vocal Behaviors in a New World Primate, the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). J Neurosci 2017; 36:12168-12179. [PMID: 27903726 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1646-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although evidence from human studies has long indicated the crucial role of the frontal cortex in speech production, it has remained uncertain whether the frontal cortex in nonhuman primates plays a similar role in vocal communication. Previous studies of prefrontal and premotor cortices of macaque monkeys have found neural signals associated with cue- and reward-conditioned vocal production, but not with self-initiated or spontaneous vocalizations (Coudé et al., 2011; Hage and Nieder, 2013), which casts doubt on the role of the frontal cortex of the Old World monkeys in vocal communication. A recent study of marmoset frontal cortex observed modulated neural activities associated with self-initiated vocal production (Miller et al., 2015), but it did not delineate whether these neural activities were specifically attributed to vocal production or if they may result from other nonvocal motor activity such as orofacial motor movement. In the present study, we attempted to resolve these issues and examined single neuron activities in premotor cortex during natural vocal exchanges in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a highly vocal New World primate. Neural activation and suppression were observed both before and during self-initiated vocal production. Furthermore, by comparing neural activities between self-initiated vocal production and nonvocal orofacial motor movement, we identified a subpopulation of neurons in marmoset premotor cortex that was activated or suppressed by vocal production, but not by orofacial movement. These findings provide clear evidence of the premotor cortex's involvement in self-initiated vocal production in natural vocal behaviors of a New World primate. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Human frontal cortex plays a crucial role in speech production. However, it has remained unclear whether the frontal cortex of nonhuman primates is involved in the production of self-initiated vocalizations during natural vocal communication. Using a wireless multichannel neural recording technique, we observed in the premotor cortex neural activation and suppression both before and during self-initiated vocalizations when marmosets, a highly vocal New World primate species, engaged in vocal exchanges with conspecifics. A novel finding of the present study is the discovery of a subpopulation of premotor cortex neurons that was activated by vocal production, but not by orofacial movement. These observations provide clear evidence of the premotor cortex's involvement in vocal production in a New World primate species.
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32
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Cui Z, Wang Q, Gao Y, Wang J, Wang M, Teng P, Guan Y, Zhou J, Li T, Luan G, Li L. Dynamic Correlations between Intrinsic Connectivity and Extrinsic Connectivity of the Auditory Cortex in Humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:407. [PMID: 28848415 PMCID: PMC5554526 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The arrival of sound signals in the auditory cortex (AC) triggers both local and inter-regional signal propagations over time up to hundreds of milliseconds and builds up both intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) and extrinsic functional connectivity (eFC) of the AC. However, interactions between iFC and eFC are largely unknown. Using intracranial stereo-electroencephalographic recordings in people with drug-refractory epilepsy, this study mainly investigated the temporal dynamic of the relationships between iFC and eFC of the AC. The results showed that a Gaussian wideband-noise burst markedly elicited potentials in both the AC and numerous higher-order cortical regions outside the AC (non-auditory cortices). Granger causality analyses revealed that in the earlier time window, iFC of the AC was positively correlated with both eFC from the AC to the inferior temporal gyrus and that to the inferior parietal lobule. While in later periods, the iFC of the AC was positively correlated with eFC from the precentral gyrus to the AC and that from the insula to the AC. In conclusion, dual-directional interactions occur between iFC and eFC of the AC at different time windows following the sound stimulation and may form the foundation underlying various central auditory processes, including auditory sensory memory, object formation, integrations between sensory, perceptional, attentional, motor, emotional, and executive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Epilepsy Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Epilepsy Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yayue Gao
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Epilepsy Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Epilepsy Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Pengfei Teng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Epilepsy Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yuguang Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Epilepsy Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Epilepsy Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Epilepsy Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China
| | - Guoming Luan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Epilepsy Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China
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33
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Bocquelet F, Hueber T, Girin L, Chabardès S, Yvert B. Key considerations in designing a speech brain-computer interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 110:392-401. [PMID: 28756027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Restoring communication in case of aphasia is a key challenge for neurotechnologies. To this end, brain-computer strategies can be envisioned to allow artificial speech synthesis from the continuous decoding of neural signals underlying speech imagination. Such speech brain-computer interfaces do not exist yet and their design should consider three key choices that need to be made: the choice of appropriate brain regions to record neural activity from, the choice of an appropriate recording technique, and the choice of a neural decoding scheme in association with an appropriate speech synthesis method. These key considerations are discussed here in light of (1) the current understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of cortical areas underlying overt and covert speech production, (2) the available literature making use of a variety of brain recording techniques to better characterize and address the challenge of decoding cortical speech signals, and (3) the different speech synthesis approaches that can be considered depending on the level of speech representation (phonetic, acoustic or articulatory) envisioned to be decoded at the core of a speech BCI paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Bocquelet
- INSERM, BrainTech Laboratory U1205, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, BrainTech Laboratory U1205, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Hueber
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-lab, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Girin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-lab, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Blaise Yvert
- INSERM, BrainTech Laboratory U1205, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, BrainTech Laboratory U1205, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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Murugesan S, Bouchard K, Chang E, Dougherty M, Hamann B, Weber GH. Multi-scale visual analysis of time-varying electrocorticography data via clustering of brain regions. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:236. [PMID: 28617218 PMCID: PMC5471943 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There exists a need for effective and easy-to-use software tools supporting the analysis of complex Electrocorticography (ECoG) data. Understanding how epileptic seizures develop or identifying diagnostic indicators for neurological diseases require the in-depth analysis of neural activity data from ECoG. Such data is multi-scale and is of high spatio-temporal resolution. Comprehensive analysis of this data should be supported by interactive visual analysis methods that allow a scientist to understand functional patterns at varying levels of granularity and comprehend its time-varying behavior. Results We introduce a novel multi-scale visual analysis system, ECoG ClusterFlow, for the detailed exploration of ECoG data. Our system detects and visualizes dynamic high-level structures, such as communities, derived from the time-varying connectivity network. The system supports two major views: 1) an overview summarizing the evolution of clusters over time and 2) an electrode view using hierarchical glyph-based design to visualize the propagation of clusters in their spatial, anatomical context. We present case studies that were performed in collaboration with neuroscientists and neurosurgeons using simulated and recorded epileptic seizure data to demonstrate our system’s effectiveness. Conclusion ECoG ClusterFlow supports the comparison of spatio-temporal patterns for specific time intervals and allows a user to utilize various clustering algorithms. Neuroscientists can identify the site of seizure genesis and its spatial progression during various the stages of a seizure. Our system serves as a fast and powerful means for the generation of preliminary hypotheses that can be used as a basis for subsequent application of rigorous statistical methods, with the ultimate goal being the clinical treatment of epileptogenic zones. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1633-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugeerth Murugesan
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616, CA, USA.
| | - Kristofer Bouchard
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
| | - Edward Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, 94143, CA, USA
| | - Max Dougherty
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Hamann
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Gunther H Weber
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
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Nishida M, Korzeniewska A, Crone NE, Toyoda G, Nakai Y, Ofen N, Brown EC, Asano E. Brain network dynamics in the human articulatory loop. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [PMID: 28622530 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The articulatory loop is a fundamental component of language function, involved in the short-term buffer of auditory information followed by its vocal reproduction. We characterized the network dynamics of the human articulatory loop, using invasive recording and stimulation. METHODS We measured high-gamma activity70-110 Hz recorded intracranially when patients with epilepsy either only listened to, or listened to and then reproduced two successive tones by humming. We also conducted network analyses, and analyzed behavioral responses to cortical stimulation. RESULTS Presentation of the initial tone elicited high-gamma augmentation bilaterally in the superior-temporal gyrus (STG) within 40ms, and in the precentral and inferior-frontal gyri (PCG and IFG) within 160ms after sound onset. During presentation of the second tone, high-gamma augmentation was reduced in STG but enhanced in IFG. The task requiring tone reproduction further enhanced high-gamma augmentation in PCG during and after sound presentation. Event-related causality (ERC) analysis revealed dominant flows within STG immediately after sound onset, followed by reciprocal interactions involving PCG and IFG. Measurement of cortico-cortical evoked-potentials (CCEPs) confirmed connectivity between distant high-gamma sites in the articulatory loop. High-frequency stimulation of precentral high-gamma sites in either hemisphere induced speech arrest, inability to control vocalization, or forced vocalization. Vocalization of tones was accompanied by high-gamma augmentation over larger extents of PCG. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral PCG rapidly and directly receives feed-forward signals from STG, and may promptly initiate motor planning including sub-vocal rehearsal for short-term buffering of auditory stimuli. Enhanced high-gamma augmentation in IFG during presentation of the second tone may reflect high-order processing of the tone sequence. SIGNIFICANCE The articulatory loop employs sustained reciprocal propagation of neural activity across a network of cortical sites with strong neurophysiological connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Hanyu General Hospital, Hanyu City, Saitama 348-8508, Japan
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Goichiro Toyoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Noa Ofen
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Erik C Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Xu N, Spreng RN, Doerschuk PC. Initial Validation for the Estimation of Resting-State fMRI Effective Connectivity by a Generalization of the Correlation Approach. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:271. [PMID: 28559793 PMCID: PMC5433247 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is widely used to noninvasively study human brain networks. Network functional connectivity is often estimated by calculating the timeseries correlation between blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal from different regions of interest (ROIs). However, standard correlation cannot characterize the direction of information flow between regions. In this paper, we introduce and test a new concept, prediction correlation, to estimate effective connectivity in functional brain networks from rs-fMRI. In this approach, the correlation between two BOLD signals is replaced by a correlation between one BOLD signal and a prediction of this signal via a causal system driven by another BOLD signal. Three validations are described: (1) Prediction correlation performed well on simulated data where the ground truth was known, and outperformed four other methods. (2) On simulated data designed to display the "common driver" problem, prediction correlation did not introduce false connections between non-interacting driven ROIs. (3) On experimental data, prediction correlation recovered the previously identified network organization of human brain. Prediction correlation scales well to work with hundreds of ROIs, enabling it to assess whole brain interregional connectivity at the single subject level. These results provide an initial validation that prediction correlation can capture the direction of information flow and estimate the duration of extended temporal delays in information flow between regions of interest ROIs based on BOLD signal. This approach not only maintains the high sensitivity to network connectivity provided by the correlation analysis, but also performs well in the estimation of causal information flow in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, United States
| | - R. Nathan Spreng
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Human Neuroscience Institute, Department of Human Development, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, United States
| | - Peter C. Doerschuk
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, United States
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, United States
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Li L, Emmorey K, Feng X, Lu C, Ding G. Functional Connectivity Reveals Which Language the "Control Regions" Control during Bilingual Production. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:616. [PMID: 27965563 PMCID: PMC5127791 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilingual studies have revealed critical roles for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the left caudate nucleus (Lcaudate) in controlling language processing, but how these regions manage activation of a bilingual’s two languages remains an open question. We addressed this question by identifying the functional connectivity (FC) of these control regions during a picture-naming task by bimodal bilinguals who were fluent in both a spoken and a signed language. To quantify language control processes, we measured the FC of the dACC and Lcaudate with a region specific to each language modality: left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG) for speech and left pre/postcentral gyrus (LPCG) for sign. Picture-naming occurred in either a single- or dual-language context. The results showed that in a single-language context, the dACC exhibited increased FC with the target language region, but not with the non-target language region. During the dual-language context when both languages were alternately the target language, the dACC showed strong FC to the LPCG, the region specific to the less proficient (signed) language. By contrast, the Lcaudate revealed a strong connectivity to the LPCG in the single-language context and to the LSTG (the region specific to spoken language) in the dual-language context. Our findings suggest that the dACC monitors and supports the processing of the target language, and that the Lcaudate controls the selection of the less accessible language. The results support the hypothesis that language control processes adapt to task demands that vary due to different interactional contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Karen Emmorey
- Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Chunming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China; Centre for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Guosheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China; Centre for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning SciencesBeijing, China
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Ball KR, Hairston WD, Franaszczuk PJ, Robbins KA. BLASST: Band Limited Atomic Sampling With Spectral Tuning With Applications to Utility Line Noise Filtering. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 64:2276-2287. [PMID: 27893379 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2632119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this paper, we present and test a new method for the identification and removal of nonstationary utility line noise from biomedical signals. METHODS The method, band limited atomic sampling with spectral tuning (BLASST), is an iterative approach that is designed to 1) fit nonstationarities in line noise by searching for best-fit Gabor atoms at predetermined time points, 2) self-modulate its fit by leveraging information from frequencies surrounding the target frequency, and 3) terminate based on a convergence criterion obtained from the same surrounding frequencies. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we generate several simulated and real instances of nonstationary line noise and test BLASST along with alternative filtering approaches. RESULTS We find that BLASST is capable of fitting line noise well and/or preserving local signal features relative to tested alternative filtering techniques. CONCLUSION BLASST may present a useful alternative to bandpass, notch, or other filtering methods when experimentally relevant features have significant power in a spectrum that is contaminated by utility line noise, or when the line noise in question is highly nonstationary. SIGNIFICANCE This is of particular significance in electroencephalography experiments, where line noise may be present in the frequency bands of neurological interest and measurements are typically of low enough strength that induced line noise can dominate the recorded signals. In conjunction with this paper, the authors have released a MATLAB toolbox that performs BLASST on real, vector-valued signals (available at https://github.com/VisLab/blasst).
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Opinions are divided on whether word reading processes occur in a hierarchical, feedforward fashion or within an interactive framework. To critically evaluate these competing theories, we recorded electrocorticographic (ECoG) data from 15 human patients with intractable epilepsy during a word completion task and evaluated brain network dynamics across individuals. We used a novel technique of analyzing multihuman ECoG recordings to identify cortical regions most relevant to processing lexical information. The mid fusiform gyrus showed the strongest, earliest response after stimulus onset, whereas activity was maximal in frontal, dorsal lateral prefrontal, and sensorimotor regions toward articulation onset. To evaluate interregional functional connectivity, ECoG data from electrodes situated over specific cortical regions of interest were fit into linear multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) models. Spectral characteristics of the MVAR models were used to precisely reveal the timing and the magnitude of information flow between localized brain regions. This is the first application of MVAR for developing a comprehensive account of interregional interactions from a word reading ECoG dataset. Our comprehensive findings revealed both top-down and bottom-up influences between higher-level language areas and the mid fusiform gyrus. Our findings thus challenge strictly hierarchical, feedforward views of word reading and suggest that orthographic processes are modulated by prefrontal and sensorimotor regions via an interactive framework. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Word reading is a critical part of everyday life. When the ability to read is disrupted, it can lead to learning disorders, as well as emotional and academic difficulties. The neural mechanisms underlying word reading are not well understood due to limitations in the spatial and temporal specificity of prior word reading studies. Our research analyzed data recorded from sensors implanted directly from surface of human brains while these individuals performed a word reading task. Our research analyzed these recordings to infer how brain regions communicate during word reading. Our original results improve upon current models of word reading and can be used to develop treatment plans for individuals with reading disabilities.
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Collard MJ, Fifer MS, Benz HL, McMullen DP, Wang Y, Milsap GW, Korzeniewska A, Crone NE. Cortical subnetwork dynamics during human language tasks. Neuroimage 2016; 135:261-72. [PMID: 27046113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Language tasks require the coordinated activation of multiple subnetworks-groups of related cortical interactions involved in specific components of task processing. Although electrocorticography (ECoG) has sufficient temporal and spatial resolution to capture the dynamics of event-related interactions between cortical sites, it is difficult to decompose these complex spatiotemporal patterns into functionally discrete subnetworks without explicit knowledge of each subnetwork's timing. We hypothesized that subnetworks corresponding to distinct components of task-related processing could be identified as groups of interactions with co-varying strengths. In this study, five subjects implanted with ECoG grids over language areas performed word repetition and picture naming. We estimated the interaction strength between each pair of electrodes during each task using a time-varying dynamic Bayesian network (tvDBN) model constructed from the power of high gamma (70-110Hz) activity, a surrogate for population firing rates. We then reduced the dimensionality of this model using principal component analysis (PCA) to identify groups of interactions with co-varying strengths, which we term functional network components (FNCs). This data-driven technique estimates both the weight of each interaction's contribution to a particular subnetwork, and the temporal profile of each subnetwork's activation during the task. We found FNCs with temporal and anatomical features consistent with articulatory preparation in both tasks, and with auditory and visual processing in the word repetition and picture naming tasks, respectively. These FNCs were highly consistent between subjects with similar electrode placement, and were robust enough to be characterized in single trials. Furthermore, the interaction patterns uncovered by FNC analysis correlated well with recent literature suggesting important functional-anatomical distinctions between processing external and self-produced speech. Our results demonstrate that subnetwork decomposition of event-related cortical interactions is a powerful paradigm for interpreting the rich dynamics of large-scale, distributed cortical networks during human cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J Collard
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St., Meyer 2-161, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Matthew S Fifer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Heather L Benz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - David P McMullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, Room 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building (Bldg. # 225), College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Griffin W Milsap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St., Meyer 2-161, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St., Meyer 2-161, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Abstract
In the past few years, several studies have been directed to understanding the complexity of functional interactions between different brain regions during various human behaviors. Among these, neuroimaging research installed the notion that speech and language require an orchestration of brain regions for comprehension, planning, and integration of a heard sound with a spoken word. However, these studies have been largely limited to mapping the neural correlates of separate speech elements and examining distinct cortical or subcortical circuits involved in different aspects of speech control. As a result, the complexity of the brain network machinery controlling speech and language remained largely unknown. Using graph theoretical analysis of functional MRI (fMRI) data in healthy subjects, we quantified the large-scale speech network topology by constructing functional brain networks of increasing hierarchy from the resting state to motor output of meaningless syllables to complex production of real-life speech as well as compared to non-speech-related sequential finger tapping and pure tone discrimination networks. We identified a segregated network of highly connected local neural communities (hubs) in the primary sensorimotor and parietal regions, which formed a commonly shared core hub network across the examined conditions, with the left area 4p playing an important role in speech network organization. These sensorimotor core hubs exhibited features of flexible hubs based on their participation in several functional domains across different networks and ability to adaptively switch long-range functional connectivity depending on task content, resulting in a distinct community structure of each examined network. Specifically, compared to other tasks, speech production was characterized by the formation of six distinct neural communities with specialized recruitment of the prefrontal cortex, insula, putamen, and thalamus, which collectively forged the formation of the functional speech connectome. In addition, the observed capacity of the primary sensorimotor cortex to exhibit operational heterogeneity challenged the established concept of unimodality of this region. This study uses graph theory to analyze functional MRI data recorded from speakers as they produce single syllables or whole sentences, revealing the complexity of the brain network machinery that controls speech and language. Speech production is a complex process that requires the orchestration of multiple brain regions. However, our current understanding of the large-scale neural architecture during speaking remains scant, as research has mostly focused on examining distinct brain circuits involved in distinct aspects of speech control. Here, we performed graph theoretical analyses of functional MRI data acquired from healthy subjects in order to reveal how brain regions relate to one another while speaking. We constructed functional brain networks of increasing hierarchy from rest to simple vocal motor output to the production of real-life speech, and compared these to nonspeech control tasks such as finger tapping and pure tone discrimination. We discovered a specialized network of densely connected sensorimotor regions, which formed a common processing core across all conditions. Specifically, the primary sensorimotor cortex participated in multiple functional domains across different networks and modulated long-range connections depending on task content, which challenges the established concept of low-order unimodal function of this region. Compared to other tasks, speech production was characterized by the formation of six distinct neural communities with specialized recruitment of the prefrontal cortex, insula, putamen, and thalamus, which collectively formed the functional speech connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fuertinger
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Barry Horwitz
- Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kadipasaoglu CM, Forseth K, Whaley M, Conner CR, Rollo MJ, Baboyan VG, Tandon N. Development of grouped icEEG for the study of cognitive processing. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1008. [PMID: 26257673 PMCID: PMC4508923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive intracranial EEG (icEEG) offers a unique opportunity to study human cognitive networks at an unmatched spatiotemporal resolution. To date, the contributions of icEEG have been limited to the individual-level analyses or cohorts whose data are not integrated in any way. Here we discuss how grouped approaches to icEEG overcome challenges related to sparse-sampling, correct for individual variations in response and provide statistically valid models of brain activity in a population. By the generation of whole-brain activity maps, grouped icEEG enables the study of intra and interregional dynamics between distributed cortical substrates exhibiting task-dependent activity. In this fashion, grouped icEEG analyses can provide significant advances in understanding the mechanisms by which cortical networks give rise to cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan M Kadipasaoglu
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kiefer Forseth
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meagan Whaley
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Rice University Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher R Conner
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Rollo
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vatche G Baboyan
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA ; Texas Medical Center, Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital Houston, TX, USA
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Liu CC, Chien JH, Kim JH, Chuang YF, Cheng DT, Anderson WS, Lenz FA. Cross-frequency coupling in deep brain structures upon processing the painful sensory inputs. Neuroscience 2015; 303:412-21. [PMID: 26168707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cross-frequency coupling has been shown to be functionally significant in cortical information processing, potentially serving as a mechanism for integrating functionally relevant regions in the brain. In this study, we evaluate the hypothesis that pain-related gamma oscillatory responses are coupled with low-frequency oscillations in the frontal lobe, amygdala and hippocampus, areas known to have roles in pain processing. We delivered painful laser pulses to random locations on the dorsal hand of five patients with uncontrolled epilepsy requiring depth electrode implantation for seizure monitoring. Two blocks of 40 laser stimulations were delivered to each subject and the pain-intensity was controlled at five in a 0-10 scale by adjusting the energy level of the laser pulses. Local-field-potentials (LFPs) were recorded through bilaterally implanted depth electrode contacts to study the oscillatory responses upon processing the painful laser stimulations. Our results show that painful laser stimulations enhanced low-gamma (LH, 40-70 Hz) and high-gamma (HG, 70-110 Hz) oscillatory responses in the amygdala and hippocampal regions on the right hemisphere and these gamma responses were significantly coupled with the phases of theta (4-7 Hz) and alpha (8-1 2 Hz) rhythms during pain processing. Given the roles of these deep brain structures in emotion, these findings suggest that the oscillatory responses in these regions may play a role in integrating the affective component of pain, which may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the affective information processing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - J H Chien
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y F Chuang
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - D T Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F A Lenz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bilingualism alters brain functional connectivity between “control” regions and “language” regions: Evidence from bimodal bilinguals. Neuropsychologia 2015; 71:236-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhang T, Wu J, Li F, Caffo B, Boatman-Reich D. A Dynamic Directional Model for Effective Brain Connectivity using Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Time Series. J Am Stat Assoc 2015; 110:93-106. [PMID: 25983358 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2014.988213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a dynamic directional model (DDM) for studying brain effective connectivity based on intracranial electrocorticographic (ECoG) time series. The DDM consists of two parts: a set of differential equations describing neuronal activity of brain components (state equations), and observation equations linking the underlying neuronal states to observed data. When applied to functional MRI or EEG data, DDMs usually have complex formulations and thus can accommodate only a few regions, due to limitations in spatial resolution and/or temporal resolution of these imaging modalities. In contrast, we formulate our model in the context of ECoG data. The combined high temporal and spatial resolution of ECoG data result in a much simpler DDM, allowing investigation of complex connections between many regions. To identify functionally segregated sub-networks, a form of biologically economical brain networks, we propose the Potts model for the DDM parameters. The neuronal states of brain components are represented by cubic spline bases and the parameters are estimated by minimizing a log-likelihood criterion that combines the state and observation equations. The Potts model is converted to the Potts penalty in the penalized regression approach to achieve sparsity in parameter estimation, for which a fast iterative algorithm is developed. The methods are applied to an auditory ECoG dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jingwei Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kubanek J, Schalk G. NeuralAct: A Tool to Visualize Electrocortical (ECoG) Activity on a Three-Dimensional Model of the Cortex. Neuroinformatics 2015; 13:167-74. [PMID: 25381641 PMCID: PMC5580037 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-014-9252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrocorticography (ECoG) records neural signals directly from the surface of the cortex. Due to its high temporal and favorable spatial resolution, ECoG has emerged as a valuable new tool in acquiring cortical activity in cognitive and systems neuroscience. Many studies using ECoG visualized topographies of cortical activity or statistical tests on a three-dimensional model of the cortex, but a dedicated tool for this function has not yet been described. In this paper, we describe the NeuralAct package that serves this purpose. This package takes as input the 3D coordinates of the recording sensors, a cortical model in the same coordinate system (e.g., Talairach), and the activation data to be visualized at each sensor. It then aligns the sensor coordinates with the cortical model, convolves the activation data with a spatial kernel, and renders the resulting activations in color on the cortical model. The NeuralAct package can plot cortical activations of an individual subject as well as activations averaged over subjects. It is capable to render single images as well as sequences of images. The software runs under Matlab and is stable and robust. We here provide the tool and describe its visualization capabilities and procedures. The provided package contains thoroughly documented code and includes a simple demo that guides the researcher through the functionality of the tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kubanek
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA,
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Abstract
For over a century neuroscientists have debated the dynamics by which human cortical language networks allow words to be spoken. Although it is widely accepted that Broca's area in the left inferior frontal gyrus plays an important role in this process, it was not possible, until recently, to detail the timing of its recruitment relative to other language areas, nor how it interacts with these areas during word production. Using direct cortical surface recordings in neurosurgical patients, we studied the evolution of activity in cortical neuronal populations, as well as the Granger causal interactions between them. We found that, during the cued production of words, a temporal cascade of neural activity proceeds from sensory representations of words in temporal cortex to their corresponding articulatory gestures in motor cortex. Broca's area mediates this cascade through reciprocal interactions with temporal and frontal motor regions. Contrary to classic notions of the role of Broca's area in speech, while motor cortex is activated during spoken responses, Broca's area is surprisingly silent. Moreover, when novel strings of articulatory gestures must be produced in response to nonword stimuli, neural activity is enhanced in Broca's area, but not in motor cortex. These unique data provide evidence that Broca's area coordinates the transformation of information across large-scale cortical networks involved in spoken word production. In this role, Broca's area formulates an appropriate articulatory code to be implemented by motor cortex.
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Matsuzaki N, Schwarzlose RF, Nishida M, Ofen N, Asano E. Upright face-preferential high-gamma responses in lower-order visual areas: evidence from intracranial recordings in children. Neuroimage 2015; 109:249-59. [PMID: 25579446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral studies demonstrate that a face presented in the upright orientation attracts attention more rapidly than an inverted face. Saccades toward an upright face take place in 100-140 ms following presentation. The present study using electrocorticography determined whether upright face-preferential neural activation, as reflected by augmentation of high-gamma activity at 80-150 Hz, involved the lower-order visual cortex within the first 100 ms post-stimulus presentation. Sampled lower-order visual areas were verified by the induction of phosphenes upon electrical stimulation. These areas resided in the lateral-occipital, lingual, and cuneus gyri along the calcarine sulcus, roughly corresponding to V1 and V2. Measurement of high-gamma augmentation during central (circular) and peripheral (annular) checkerboard reversal pattern stimulation indicated that central-field stimuli were processed by the more polar surface whereas peripheral-field stimuli by the more anterior medial surface. Upright face stimuli, compared to inverted ones, elicited up to 23% larger augmentation of high-gamma activity in the lower-order visual regions at 40-90 ms. Upright face-preferential high-gamma augmentation was more highly correlated with high-gamma augmentation for central than peripheral stimuli. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that lower-order visual regions, especially those for the central field, are involved in visual cues for rapid detection of upright face stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Rebecca F Schwarzlose
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Cell Press, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Masaaki Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Hanyu General Hospital, Hanyu City, Saitama 348-8505, Japan
| | - Noa Ofen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Kobayashi K, Akiyama T, Oka M, Endoh F, Yoshinaga H. A storm of fast (40-150Hz) oscillations during hypsarrhythmia in West syndrome. Ann Neurol 2014; 77:58-67. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Kobayashi
- Department of Child Neurology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital; Okayama Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akiyama
- Department of Child Neurology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital; Okayama Japan
| | - Makio Oka
- Department of Child Neurology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital; Okayama Japan
| | - Fumika Endoh
- Department of Child Neurology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital; Okayama Japan
| | - Harumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Child Neurology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital; Okayama Japan
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Marstaller L, Burianová H, Sowman PF. High gamma oscillations in medial temporal lobe during overt production of speech and gestures. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111473. [PMID: 25340347 PMCID: PMC4207813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the production of co-speech gestures (CSGs), i.e., meaningful hand movements that often accompany speech during everyday discourse, provides an important opportunity to investigate the integration of language, action, and memory because of the semantic overlap between gesture movements and speech content. Behavioral studies of CSGs and speech suggest that they have a common base in memory and predict that overt production of both speech and CSGs would be preceded by neural activity related to memory processes. However, to date the neural correlates and timing of CSG production are still largely unknown. In the current study, we addressed these questions with magnetoencephalography and a semantic association paradigm in which participants overtly produced speech or gesture responses that were either meaningfully related to a stimulus or not. Using spectral and beamforming analyses to investigate the neural activity preceding the responses, we found a desynchronization in the beta band (15-25 Hz), which originated 900 ms prior to the onset of speech and was localized to motor and somatosensory regions in the cortex and cerebellum, as well as right inferior frontal gyrus. Beta desynchronization is often seen as an indicator of motor processing and thus reflects motor activity related to the hand movements that gestures add to speech. Furthermore, our results show oscillations in the high gamma band (50-90 Hz), which originated 400 ms prior to speech onset and were localized to the left medial temporal lobe. High gamma oscillations have previously been found to be involved in memory processes and we thus interpret them to be related to contextual association of semantic information in memory. The results of our study show that high gamma oscillations in medial temporal cortex play an important role in the binding of information in human memory during speech and CSG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Marstaller
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Science of Learning Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Hana Burianová
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul F. Sowman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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