1
|
Mulkey SB, Williams ME, Peyton C, Arroyave-Wessel M, Berl MM, Cure C, Msall ME. Understanding the multidimensional neurodevelopmental outcomes in children after congenital Zika virus exposure. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03056-z. [PMID: 38438554 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Since 2016, international research groups have focused on assessing outcomes of children with in utero Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure. While the more severe outcomes of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) occur in up to 10% of children with antenatal exposure, early findings among ZIKV-exposed children without CZS ages 0-5 years suggest that they may also have differences in multiple domains of neurodevelopment. Thus, longitudinal follow-up of all children with antenatal ZIKV exposure has been recommended. This review presents a summary of neurodevelopmental phenotypes of infants and children following antenatal ZIKV exposure. We present a multidimensional framework to understand child neurodevelopment from an interdisciplinary and whole-child perspective (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model) and multi-domain ZIKV Outcome Toolboxes. The toolboxes are for clinicians, researchers, child educators, and others to implement longitudinal multi-domain neurodevelopmental assessments between ages 0-12 years. Recent innovations in telehealth and neuroimaging can help evaluate outcomes in ZIKV exposed children. The objective is to describe the multiple facets of neurodevelopmental focused care that can support the health, function, and well-being of children with antenatal ZIKV exposure. The research and clinical follow-up strategies are applicable to ZIKV and other congenital infectious or environmental exposures that can impact child neurodevelopment. IMPACT: International longitudinal cohort studies have revealed a range of differences in neurodevelopment among children with antenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure. A multidimensional and whole-child framework is necessary to understand the neurodevelopment of children with antenatal ZIKV exposure in relation to family life, community participation, and environment. Multi-domain toolboxes that utilize parent questionnaires and child evaluations are presented. These toolboxes can be used internationally alongside telehealth, brain imaging, and other innovations to improve understanding of child outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Mulkey
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Colleen Peyton
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Madison M Berl
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Michael E Msall
- University of Chicago Medicine Kennedy Research Center on Intellectual and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sutter EN, Casey CP, Gillick BT. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation for assessment of motor development in infants with early brain injury. Expert Rev Med Devices 2024; 21:179-186. [PMID: 38166497 PMCID: PMC10947901 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2299310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has many applications for pediatric clinical populations, including infants with perinatal brain injury. As a noninvasive neuromodulation tool, single-pulse TMS has been used safely in infants and children to assess corticospinal integrity and circuitry patterns. TMS may have important applications in early detection of atypical motor development or cerebral palsy. AREAS COVERED The authors identified and summarized relevant studies incorporating TMS in infants, including findings related to corticospinal development and circuitry, motor cortex localization and mapping, and safety. This special report also describes methodologies and safety considerations related to TMS assessment in infants, and discusses potential applications related to diagnosis of cerebral palsy and early intervention. EXPERT OPINION Single-pulse TMS has demonstrated safety and feasibility in infants with perinatal brain injury and may provide insight into neuromotor development and potential cerebral palsy diagnosis. Additional research in larger sample sizes will more fully evaluate the utility of TMS biomarkers in early diagnosis and intervention. Methodological challenges to performing TMS in infants and technical/equipment limitations require additional consideration and innovation toward clinical implementation. Future research may explore use of noninvasive neuromodulation techniques as an intervention in younger children with perinatal brain injury to improve motor outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen N. Sutter
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | | | - Bernadette T. Gillick
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Luca F, Kits A, Martin Muñoz D, Aspelin Å, Kvist O, Österman Y, Diaz Ruiz S, Skare S, Falk Delgado A. Elective one-minute full brain multi-contrast MRI versus brain CT in pediatric patients: a prospective feasibility study. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:23. [PMID: 38267889 PMCID: PMC10809606 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain CT can be used to evaluate pediatric patients with suspicion of cerebral pathology when anesthetic and MRI resources are scarce. This study aimed to assess if pediatric patients referred for an elective brain CT could endure a diagnostic fast brain MRI without general anesthesia using a one-minute multi-contrast EPI-based sequence (EPIMix) with comparable diagnostic performance. METHODS Pediatric patients referred for an elective brain CT between March 2019 and March 2020 were prospectively included and underwent EPIMix without general anesthesia in addition to CT. Three readers (R1-3) independently evaluated EPIMix and CT images on two separate occasions. The two main study outcomes were the tolerance to undergo an EPIMix scan without general anesthesia and its performance to classify a scan as normal or abnormal. Secondary outcomes were assessment of disease category, incidental findings, diagnostic image quality, diagnostic confidence, and image artifacts. Further, a side-by-side evaluation of EPIMix and CT was performed. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated for EPIMix on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and ADC images. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, and Chi-squared test were used to compare the two imaging modalities. RESULTS EPIMix was well tolerated by all included patients (n = 15) aged 5-16 (mean 11, SD 3) years old. Thirteen cases on EPIMix and twelve cases on CT were classified as normal by all readers (R1-3), while two cases on EPIMix and three cases on CT were classified as abnormal by one reader (R1), (R1-3, p = 1.00). There was no evidence of a difference in diagnostic confidence, image quality, or the presence of motion artifacts between EPIMix and CT (R1-3, p ≥ 0.10). Side-by-side evaluation (R2 + R4 + R5) reviewed all scans as lacking significant pathological findings on EPIMix and CT images. CONCLUSIONS Full brain MRI-based EPIMix sequence was well tolerated without general anesthesia with a diagnostic performance comparable to CT in elective pediatric patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (ethical approval number/ID Ethical approval 2017/2424-31/1). This study was a clinical trial study, with study protocol published at ClinicalTrials.gov with Trial registration number NCT03847051, date of registration 18/02/2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Luca
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Annika Kits
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Martin Muñoz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Aspelin
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Kvist
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yords Österman
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Diaz Ruiz
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Skare
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk Delgado
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cruz-Cortes Á, Avendaño-Estrada A, Alcauter S, Núñez-Enríquez JC, Rivera-Bravo B, Olarte-Casas MÁ, Ávila-Rodríguez MÁ. Semiquantitative analysis of cerebral [ 18F]FDG-PET uptake in pediatric patients. Pediatr Radiol 2023; 53:2574-2585. [PMID: 37910188 PMCID: PMC10698097 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolytic metabolism in the brain of pediatric patients, imaged with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is incompletely characterized. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to characterize [18F]FDG-PET brain uptake in a large sample of pediatric patients with non-central nervous system diseases as an alternative to healthy subjects to evaluate changes at different pediatric ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven hundred ninety-five [18F]FDG-PET examinations from children < 18 years of age without central nervous system diseases were included. Each brain image was spatially normalized, and the standardized uptake value (SUV) was obtained. The SUV and the SUV relative to different pseudo-references were explored as a function of age. RESULTS At all evaluated ages, the occipital lobe showed the highest [18F]FDG uptake (0.27 ± 0.04 SUV/year), while the parietal lobe and brainstem had the lowest uptake (0.17 ± 0.02 SUV/year, for both regions). An increase [18F]FDG uptake was found for all brain regions until 12 years old, while no significant uptake differences were found between ages 13 (SUV = 5.39) to 17 years old (SUV = 5.52) (P < 0.0001 for the whole brain). A sex dependence was found in the SUVmean for the whole brain during adolescence (SUV 5.04-5.25 for males, 5.68-5.74 for females, P = 0.0264). Asymmetries in [18F]FDG uptake were found in the temporal and central regions during infancy. CONCLUSIONS Brain glycolytic metabolism of [18F]FDG, measured through the SUVmean, increased with age until early adolescence (< 13 years old), showing differences across brain regions. Age, sex, and brain region influence [18F]FDG uptake, with significant hemispheric asymmetries for temporal and central regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cruz-Cortes
- Unidad de Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Arturo Avendaño-Estrada
- Unidad de Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Sarael Alcauter
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Núñez-Enríquez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Belen Rivera-Bravo
- División de Investigación Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad PET/CT, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Olarte-Casas
- División de Investigación Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad PET/CT, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Ávila-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meister RL, Groth M, Zhang S, Buhk JH, Herrmann J. Evaluation of Artifact Appearance and Burden in Pediatric Brain Tumor MR Imaging with Compressed Sensing in Comparison to Conventional Parallel Imaging Acceleration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5732. [PMID: 37685799 PMCID: PMC10489124 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aims for the highest possible image quality, while balancing the need for acceptable examination time, reasonable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and lowest artifact burden. With a recently introduced imaging acceleration technique, compressed sensing, the acquisition speed and image quality of pediatric brain tumor exams can be improved. However, little attention has been paid to its impact on method-related artifacts in pediatric brain MRI. This study assessed the overall artifact burden and artifact appearances in a standardized pediatric brain tumor MRI by comparing conventional parallel imaging acceleration with compressed sensing. This showed that compressed sensing resulted in fewer physiological artifacts in the FLAIR sequence, and a reduction in technical artifacts in the 3D T1 TFE sequences. Only a slight difference was noted in the T2 TSE sequence. A relatively new range of artifacts, which are likely technique-related, was noted in the 3D T1 TFE sequences. In conclusion, by equipping a basic pediatric brain tumor protocol for 3T MRI with compressed sensing, the overall burden of common artifacts can be reduced. However, attention should be paid to novel compressed-sensing-specific artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rieke Lisa Meister
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Imaging, Southland Hospital, Invercargill 9812, New Zealand
| | - Michael Groth
- Department of Radiology, St. Marienhospital Vechta, 49377 Vechta, Germany
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Philips Healthcare, 22335 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Jan-Hendrik Buhk
- Department of Neuroradiology, Asklepios Kliniken St. Georg und Wandsbek, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Herrmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Puri D, Barry BJ, Engle EC. TUBB3 and KIF21A in neurodevelopment and disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1226181. [PMID: 37600020 PMCID: PMC10436312 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1226181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration and axon growth and guidance require precise control of microtubule dynamics and microtubule-based cargo transport. TUBB3 encodes the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotype III, TUBB3, a component of neuronal microtubules expressed throughout the life of central and peripheral neurons. Human pathogenic TUBB3 missense variants result in altered TUBB3 function and cause errors either in the growth and guidance of cranial and, to a lesser extent, central axons, or in cortical neuronal migration and organization, and rarely in both. Moreover, human pathogenic missense variants in KIF21A, which encodes an anterograde kinesin motor protein that interacts directly with microtubules, alter KIF21A function and cause errors in cranial axon growth and guidance that can phenocopy TUBB3 variants. Here, we review reported TUBB3 and KIF21A variants, resulting phenotypes, and corresponding functional studies of both wildtype and mutant proteins. We summarize the evidence that, in vitro and in mouse models, loss-of-function and missense variants can alter microtubule dynamics and microtubule-kinesin interactions. Lastly, we highlight additional studies that might contribute to our understanding of the relationship between specific tubulin isotypes and specific kinesin motor proteins in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Puri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Brenda J. Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aghoram R, Nair L. Transcranial sonography for pediatric hydrocephalus. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2023; 51:1001-1002. [PMID: 37267153 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Aghoram
- Neurology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Lekshmi Nair
- Neurology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wandel A, Weissbach T, Katorza E, Ziv-Baran T. Subarachnoid Space Measurements in Apparently Healthy Fetuses Using MR Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:716-721. [PMID: 37202119 PMCID: PMC10249698 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The fetal subarachnoid space size serves as an indicator of normal brain development. The subarachnoid space is commonly measured by an ultrasound examination. Introduction of MR imaging for fetal brain evaluation enables standardization of MR imaging-driven subarachnoid space parameters for a more accurate evaluation. This study aimed to determine the normal range of MR imaging-derived subarachnoid space size in fetuses according to gestational age. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study based on a retrospective assessment of randomly selected brain MR images of apparently healthy fetuses performed between 2012 and 2020 at a large tertiary medical center was performed. Demographic data were collected from the mothers' medical records. Subarachnoid space size was measured at 10 reference points using the axial and coronal planes. Only MR imaging scans obtained between weeks 28 and 37 of pregnancy were included. Scans with low-quality images, multiple pregnancy, and cases with intracranial pathologic findings were excluded. RESULTS Overall, 214 apparently healthy fetuses were included (mean maternal age, 31.2 [SD, 5.4] years). Good interobserver and intraobserver agreement was observed (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.75 for all except 1 parameter). For each gestational week, the 3rd, 15th, 50th, 85th, and 97th percentiles of each subarachnoid space measurement were described. CONCLUSIONS MR imaging-derived subarachnoid space values at a specific gestational age provide reproducible measurements, probably due to the high resolution of MR imaging and adherence to the true radiologic planes. Normal values for brain MR imaging could provide valuable reference information for assessing brain development, thus being an important tool in the decision-making process of both clinicians and parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wandel
- From the Sackler School of Medicine (A.W., T.W., E.K.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (A.W.), Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - T Weissbach
- From the Sackler School of Medicine (A.W., T.W., E.K.)
- Antenatal Diagnostic Unit (T.W., E.K.)
| | - E Katorza
- From the Sackler School of Medicine (A.W., T.W., E.K.)
- Antenatal Diagnostic Unit (T.W., E.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research (E.K.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - T Ziv-Baran
- School of Public Health (T.Z.-B.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pollak C, Kügler D, Breteler MMB, Reuter M. Quantifying MR Head Motion in the Rhineland Study - A Robust Method for Population Cohorts. Neuroimage 2023; 275:120176. [PMID: 37209757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head motion during MR acquisition reduces image quality and has been shown to bias neuromorphometric analysis. The quantification of head motion, therefore, has both neuroscientific as well as clinical applications, for example, to control for motion in statistical analyses of brain morphology, or as a variable of interest in neurological studies. The accuracy of markerless optical head tracking, however, is largely unexplored. Furthermore, no quantitative analysis of head motion in a general, mostly healthy population cohort exists thus far. In this work, we present a robust registration method for the alignment of depth camera data that sensitively estimates even small head movements of compliant participants. Our method outperforms the vendor-supplied method in three validation experiments: 1. similarity to fMRI motion traces as a low-frequency reference, 2. recovery of the independently acquired breathing signal as a high-frequency reference, and 3. correlation with image-based quality metrics in structural T1-weighted MRI. In addition to the core algorithm, we establish an analysis pipeline that computes average motion scores per time interval or per sequence for inclusion in downstream analyses. We apply the pipeline in the Rhineland Study, a large population cohort study, where we replicate age and body mass index (BMI) as motion correlates and show that head motion significantly increases over the duration of the scan session. We observe weak, yet significant interactions between this within-session increase and age, BMI, and sex. High correlations between fMRI and camera-based motion scores of proceeding sequences further suggest that fMRI motion estimates can be used as a surrogate score in the absence of better measures to control for motion in statistical analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Pollak
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Kügler
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang P, Chan SY, Ngoh ZM, Nadarajan R, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Chen H, Fortier MV, Tan AP, Meaney MJ. Functional connectivity analysis of childhood depressive symptoms. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103395. [PMID: 37031637 PMCID: PMC10120398 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood depression is a highly distinct and prevalent condition with an unknown neurobiological basis. We wish to explore the resting state fMRI data in children for potential associations between neural connectivity and childhood depressive symptoms. METHODS A longitudinal birth cohort study with neuroimaging data obtained at 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 years of age and the Children Depression Inventory 2 (CDI) administered between 8.5 and 10.5 years was used. The CDI score was used as the dependent variable and tested for correlation, both simple Pearson and network based statistic, with the functional connectivity values obtained from the resting state fMRI. Cross-validated permutation testing with a general linear model was used to validate that the identified functional connections were indeed implicated in childhood depression. RESULTS Ten functional connections and four brain regions (Somatomotor Area B, Temporoparietal Junction, Orbitofrontal Cortex and Insula) were identified as significantly associated with childhood depressive symptoms for girls at 6.0 and 7.5 years. No significant functional connections were found in girls at 4.5 years or for boys at any timepoint. Network based statistic and permutation testing confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed significant sex-dependent associations of neural connectivity and childhood depressive symptoms. The regions identified are implicated in speech/language, social cognition and information integration and suggest unique pathways to childhood depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore.
| | - Shi Yu Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore
| | - Zhen Ming Ngoh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ranjani Nadarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Brain - Body Initiative, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park J, Jang M, Heier L, Limperopoulos C, Zun Z. Rapid anatomical imaging of the neonatal brain using T 2 -prepared 3D balanced steady-state free precession. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1456-1468. [PMID: 36420869 PMCID: PMC10208121 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new approach to 3D gradient echo-based anatomical imaging of the neonatal brain with a substantially shorter scan time than standard 3D fast spin echo (FSE) methods, while maintaining a high SNR. METHODS T2 -prepration was employed immediately prior to image acquisition of 3D balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) with a single trajectory of center-out k-space view ordering, which requires no magnetization recovery time between imaging segments during the scan. This approach was compared with 3D FSE, 2D single-shot FSE, and product 3D bSSFP imaging in numerical simulations, plus phantom and in vivo experiments. RESULTS T2 -prepared 3D bSSFP generated image contrast of gray matter, white matter, and CSF very similar to that of reference T2 -weighted imaging methods, without major image artifacts. Scan time of T2 -prepared 3D bSSFP was remarkably shorter compared to 3D FSE, whereas SNR was comparable to that of 3D FSE and higher than that of 2D single-shot FSE. Specific absorption rate of T2 -prepared 3D bSSFP remained within the safety limit. Determining an optimal imaging flip angle of T2 -prepared 3D bSSFP was critical to minimizing blurring of images. CONCLUSION T2 -prepared 3D bSSFP offers an alternative method for anatomical imaging of the neonatal brain with dramatically reduced scan time compared to standard 3D FSE and higher SNR than 2D single-shot FSE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Park
- Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - MinJung Jang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Linda Heier
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Developing Brain Institute, Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zungho Zun
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Surianarayanan C, Lawrence JJ, Chelliah PR, Prakash E, Hewage C. Convergence of Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience towards the Diagnosis of Neurological Disorders-A Scoping Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3062. [PMID: 36991773 PMCID: PMC10053494 DOI: 10.3390/s23063062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that deals with the simulation of human intelligence using machines so that such machines gain problem-solving and decision-making capabilities similar to that of the human brain. Neuroscience is the scientific study of the struczture and cognitive functions of the brain. Neuroscience and AI are mutually interrelated. These two fields help each other in their advancements. The theory of neuroscience has brought many distinct improvisations into the AI field. The biological neural network has led to the realization of complex deep neural network architectures that are used to develop versatile applications, such as text processing, speech recognition, object detection, etc. Additionally, neuroscience helps to validate the existing AI-based models. Reinforcement learning in humans and animals has inspired computer scientists to develop algorithms for reinforcement learning in artificial systems, which enables those systems to learn complex strategies without explicit instruction. Such learning helps in building complex applications, like robot-based surgery, autonomous vehicles, gaming applications, etc. In turn, with its ability to intelligently analyze complex data and extract hidden patterns, AI fits as a perfect choice for analyzing neuroscience data that are very complex. Large-scale AI-based simulations help neuroscientists test their hypotheses. Through an interface with the brain, an AI-based system can extract the brain signals and commands that are generated according to the signals. These commands are fed into devices, such as a robotic arm, which helps in the movement of paralyzed muscles or other human parts. AI has several use cases in analyzing neuroimaging data and reducing the workload of radiologists. The study of neuroscience helps in the early detection and diagnosis of neurological disorders. In the same way, AI can effectively be applied to the prediction and detection of neurological disorders. Thus, in this paper, a scoping review has been carried out on the mutual relationship between AI and neuroscience, emphasizing the convergence between AI and neuroscience in order to detect and predict various neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edmond Prakash
- Research Center for Creative Arts, University for the Creative Arts (UCA), Farnham GU9 7DS, UK
| | - Chaminda Hewage
- Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schladen MM, Kuo HH, Tran T, Ofonedu A, Hoang H, Jett R, Gu M, Liu K, Mohammed K, Mohammed Y, Lum PS, Koumpouros Y. Evolution of a System to Monitor Infant Neuromotor Development in the Home: Lessons from COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060784. [PMID: 36981440 PMCID: PMC10048217 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the nine months leading up to COVID-19, our biomedical engineering research group was in the very early stages of development and in-home testing of HUGS, the Hand Use and Grasp Sensor (HUGS) system. HUGS was conceived as a tool to allay parents' anxiety by empowering them to monitor their infants' neuromotor development at home. System focus was on the evolving patterns of hand grasp and general upper extremity movement, over time, in the naturalistic environment of the home, through analysis of data captured from force-sensor-embedded toys and 3D video as the baby played. By the end of March, 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated and global lockdown ensued, home visits were no longer possible and HUGS system testing ground to an abrupt halt. In the spring of 2021, still under lockdown, we were able to resume recruitment and in-home testing with HUGS-2, a system whose key requirement was that it be contactless. Participating families managed the set up and use of HUGS-2, supported by a detailed library of video materials and virtual interaction with the HUGS team for training and troubleshooting over Zoom. Like the positive/negative poles of experience reported by new parents under the isolation mandated to combat the pandemic, HUGS research was both impeded and accelerated by having to rely solely on distance interactions to support parents, troubleshoot equipment, and securely transmit data. The objective of this current report is to chronicle the evolution of HUGS. We describe a system whose design and development straddle the pre- and post-pandemic worlds of family-centered health technology design. We identify and classify the clinical approaches to infant screening that predominated in the pre-COVID-19 milieu and describe how these procedural frameworks relate to the family-centered conceptualization of HUGS. We describe how working exclusively through the proxy of parents revealed the family's priorities and goals for child interaction and surfaced HUGS design shortcomings that were not evident in researcher-managed, in-home testing prior to the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Maitland Schladen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Hsin-Hung Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Tan Tran
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Achuna Ofonedu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Hanh Hoang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Robert Jett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Megan Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Kimberly Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Kai'lyn Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Yas'lyn Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Peter S Lum
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Yiannis Koumpouros
- Department of Public and Community Health, University of West Attica, 12243 Aigaleo, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nabavizadeh A, Barkovich MJ, Mian A, Ngo V, Kazerooni AF, Villanueva-Meyer JE. Current state of pediatric neuro-oncology imaging, challenges and future directions. Neoplasia 2023; 37:100886. [PMID: 36774835 PMCID: PMC9945752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Imaging plays a central role in neuro-oncology including primary diagnosis, treatment planning, and surveillance of tumors. The emergence of quantitative imaging and radiomics provided an uprecedented opportunity to compile mineable databases that can be utilized in a variety of applications. In this review, we aim to summarize the current state of conventional and advanced imaging techniques, standardization efforts, fast protocols, contrast and sedation in pediatric neuro-oncologic imaging, radiomics-radiogenomics, multi-omics and molecular imaging approaches. We will also address the existing challenges and discuss future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Matthew J Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ali Mian
- Division of Neuroradiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Van Ngo
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Javier E Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hiscox LV, Fairchild G, Donald KA, Groenewold NA, Koen N, Roos A, Narr KL, Lawrence M, Hoffman N, Wedderburn CJ, Barnett W, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Halligan SL. Antenatal maternal intimate partner violence exposure is associated with sex-specific alterations in brain structure among young infants: Evidence from a South African birth cohort. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101210. [PMID: 36764039 PMCID: PMC9929680 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy has been linked to adverse outcomes in children with evidence of sex-specific effects on brain development. Here, we investigated whether in utero exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), a particularly severe maternal stressor, is associated with brain structure in young infants from a South African birth cohort. Exposure to IPV during pregnancy was measured in 143 mothers at 28-32 weeks' gestation and infants underwent structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (mean age 3 weeks). Subcortical volumetric estimates were compared between IPV-exposed (n = 63; 52% female) and unexposed infants (n = 80; 48% female), with white matter microstructure also examined in a subsample (IPV-exposed, n = 28, 54% female; unexposed infants, n = 42, 40% female). In confound adjusted analyses, maternal IPV exposure was associated with sexually dimorphic effects in brain volumes: IPV exposure predicted a larger caudate nucleus among males but not females, and smaller amygdala among females but not males. Diffusivity alterations within white matter tracts of interest were evident in males, but not females exposed to IPV. Results were robust to the removal of mother-infant pairs with pregnancy complications. Further research is required to understand how these early alterations are linked to the sex-bias in neuropsychiatric outcomes later observed in IPV-exposed children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy V Hiscox
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
| | | | - Kirsten A Donald
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The Neuroscience institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The Neuroscience institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nastassja Koen
- The Neuroscience institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annerine Roos
- The Neuroscience institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marina Lawrence
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadia Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine J Wedderburn
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The Neuroscience institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Whitney Barnett
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; SA MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- The Neuroscience institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah L Halligan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arnold TC, Freeman CW, Litt B, Stein JM. Low-field MRI: Clinical promise and challenges. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:25-44. [PMID: 36120962 PMCID: PMC9771987 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern MRI scanners have trended toward higher field strengths to maximize signal and resolution while minimizing scan time. However, high-field devices remain expensive to install and operate, making them scarce outside of high-income countries and major population centers. Low-field strength scanners have drawn renewed academic, industry, and philanthropic interest due to advantages that could dramatically increase imaging access, including lower cost and portability. Nevertheless, low-field MRI still faces inherent limitations in image quality that come with decreased signal. In this article, we review advantages and disadvantages of low-field MRI scanners, describe hardware and software innovations that accentuate advantages and mitigate disadvantages, and consider clinical applications for a new generation of low-field devices. In our review, we explore how these devices are being or could be used for high acuity brain imaging, outpatient neuroimaging, MRI-guided procedures, pediatric imaging, and musculoskeletal imaging. Challenges for their successful clinical translation include selecting and validating appropriate use cases, integrating with standards of care in high resource settings, expanding options with actionable information in low resource settings, and facilitating health care providers and clinical practice in new ways. By embracing both the promise and challenges of low-field MRI, clinicians and researchers have an opportunity to transform medical care for patients around the world. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Campbell Arnold
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied ScienceUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Neuroengineering and TherapeuticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Colbey W. Freeman
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brian Litt
- Center for Neuroengineering and TherapeuticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joel M. Stein
- Center for Neuroengineering and TherapeuticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rawanduzy CA, Earl E, Mayer G, Lucke-Wold B. Pediatric Stroke: A Review of Common Etiologies and Management Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010002. [PMID: 36672510 PMCID: PMC9856134 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric stroke is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children. There is a paucity of clinical trials pertaining to pediatric stroke management, and solidified universal guidelines are not established for children the way they are for the adult population. Diagnosis of pediatric stroke can be challenging, and it is often delayed or mischaracterized, which can result in worse outcomes. Understanding risks and appropriate therapy is paramount to improving care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Earl
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Greg Mayer
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Somech N, Mizrahi T, Caspi Y, Axelrod V. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging of the prefrontal cortex during a naturalistic comedy movie. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:913540. [PMID: 36161175 PMCID: PMC9493198 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.913540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturalistic stimulation (i.e., movies and auditory narratives of some minutes' length) has been a powerful approach to bringing more real-life experiences into laboratory experiments. Data-driven, intersubject correlation (ISC) analysis permits examining to what extent activity in a specific brain region correlates across participants during exposure to a naturalistic stimulus, as well as testing whether neural activity correlates with behavioral measures. Notably, most of the previous research with naturalistic stimuli was conducted using functional fMRI (fMRI). Here, we tested whether a naturalistic approach and the ISC are feasible using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) - the imaging method particularly suited for populations of patients and children. Fifty-three healthy adult participants watched twice a 3-min segment of a Charlie Chaplin movie while we recorded the brain activity on the surface of their prefrontal cortex using fNIRS. In addition, an independent group of 18 participants used a continuous scoring procedure to rate the extent to which they felt that different parts of the movie fragment were funny. Our two findings were as follows. First, we found higher-than-zero ISC in fNIRS signals in the prefrontal cortex lobes, a result that was particularly high in the oxygenated channels during the first repetition of the movie. Second, we found a significant negative correlation between oxygenated brain signals and ratings of the movie's humorousness. In a series of control analyses we demonstrated that this latter correlation could not be explained by various non-humor-related movie sensory properties (e.g., auditory volume and image brightness). The key overall outcome of the present study is that fNIRS in combination with the naturalistic paradigms and the ISC might be a sensitive and powerful research method to explore cognitive processing. Our results also suggest a potential role of the prefrontal cortex in humor appreciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noam Somech
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tamar Mizrahi
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Head Injuries Rehabilitation Department, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Caspi
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Vadim Axelrod
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Q, Li B, Jin S, Liu W, Liu J, Xie S, Zhang L, Kang Y, Ding Y, Zhang X, Cheng W, Yang Z. Comparing the Effectiveness of Brain Structural Imaging, Resting-state fMRI, and Naturalistic fMRI in Recognizing Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 323:111485. [PMID: 35567906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescence. Studies on SAD in adults have reported both structural and functional aberrancies of the brain at the group level. However, evidence has shown differences in anxiety-related brain abnormalities between adolescents and adults. Since children and adolescents can afford limited scan time, optimizing the scan tasks is essential for SAD research in children and adolescents. Thus, we need to address whether brain structure, resting-state fMRI, and naturalistic imaging enable individualized identification of SAD in children and adolescents, which measurement is more effective, and whether pooling multi-modal features can improve the identification of SAD. We comprehensively addressed these questions by building machine learning models based on parcel-wise brain features. We found that naturalistic fMRI yielded higher classification accuracy (69.17%) than the other modalities and the classification performance showed dependence on the contents of the movie. The classification models also identified contributing brain regions, some of which exhibited correlations with the symptoms scores of SAD. However, pooling brain features from the three modalities did not help enhance the classification accuracy. These results support the application of carefully designed naturalistic imaging in recognizing children and adolescents at risk of SAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinjian Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baobin Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Jin
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqi Xie
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhi Kang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Cheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kaplan S, Perrone A, Alexopoulos D, Kenley JK, Barch DM, Buss C, Elison JT, Graham AM, Neil JJ, O'Connor TG, Rasmussen JM, Rosenberg MD, Rogers CE, Sotiras A, Fair DA, Smyser CD. Synthesizing pseudo-T2w images to recapture missing data in neonatal neuroimaging with applications in rs-fMRI. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119091. [PMID: 35288282 PMCID: PMC9127394 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T1- and T2-weighted (T1w and T2w) images are essential for tissue classification and anatomical localization in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analyses. However, these anatomical data can be challenging to acquire in non-sedated neonatal cohorts, which are prone to high amplitude movement and display lower tissue contrast than adults. As a result, one of these modalities may be missing or of such poor quality that they cannot be used for accurate image processing, resulting in subject loss. While recent literature attempts to overcome these issues in adult populations using synthetic imaging approaches, evaluation of the efficacy of these methods in pediatric populations and the impact of these techniques in conventional MR analyses has not been performed. In this work, we present two novel methods to generate pseudo-T2w images: the first is based in deep learning and expands upon previous models to 3D imaging without the requirement of paired data, the second is based in nonlinear multi-atlas registration providing a computationally lightweight alternative. We demonstrate the anatomical accuracy of pseudo-T2w images and their efficacy in existing MR processing pipelines in two independent neonatal cohorts. Critically, we show that implementing these pseudo-T2w methods in resting-state functional MRI analyses produces virtually identical functional connectivity results when compared to those resulting from T2w images, confirming their utility in infant MRI studies for salvaging otherwise lost subject data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Anders Perrone
- Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jeanette K Kenley
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Department of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin
| | - Jed T Elison
- Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Neil
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jerod M Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Monica D Rosenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Radiology and Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Expert consensus on the clinical practice of neonatal brain magnetic resonance imaging. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:14-25. [PMID: 35177171 PMCID: PMC8802390 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in evaluating neonatal brain development, diagnosing neonatal brain injury, and predicting neurodevelopmental prognosis. Based on current research evidence and clinical experience in China and overseas, the Neonatologist Society of Chinese Medical Doctor Association has developed a consensus on the indications and standardized clinical process of neonatal brain MRI. The consensus has the following main points. (1) Brain MRI should be performed for neonates suspected of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial infection, stroke and unexplained convulsions; brain MRI is not considered a routine in the management of preterm infants, but it should be performed for further evaluation when cranial ultrasound finds evidence of brain injury; as for extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants without abnormal ultrasound findings, it is recommended that they should undergo MRI examination at term equivalent age once. (2) Neonates should undergo MRI examination in a non-sedated state if possible. (3) During MRI examination, vital signs should be closely monitored to ensure safety; the necessity of MRI examination should be strictly evaluated for critically ill neonates, and magnetic resonance compatible incubator and ventilator can be used. (4) At present, 1.5 T or 3.0 T equipment can be used for neonatal brain MRI examination, and the special coil for the neonatal head should be used to improve signal-to-noise ratio; routine neonatal brain MRI sequences should at least include axial T1 weighted image (T1WI), axial T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging, and sagittal T1WI or T2WI. (5) It is recommended to use a structured and graded reporting system, and reports by at least two reviewers and multi-center collaboration are recommended to increase the reliability of the report.
Collapse
|
22
|
Prenatal depression exposure alters white matter integrity and neurodevelopment in early childhood. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1324-1336. [PMID: 35000066 PMCID: PMC9107412 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal depression increases the risk for onset of emotional and behavioral disorders in children. We investigated the effects of exposure to prenatal depression on white matter microstructural integrity at birth and at 2-3 years, and associated neurodevelopment. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired for children of the Drakenstein Child Health Study at 2-4 weeks postpartum (n=70, 47% boys) and at 2-3 years of age (n=60, 58% boys). Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was used to compare, using an ROI based approach, diffusion tensor metrics across groups defined by presence (>19 on Beck's Depression Inventory and/or >12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) or absence (below depression thresholds) of depression, and associations with neurodevelopmental measures at age 2-3 years were determined. We did not detect group differences in white matter integrity at neonatal age, but at 2-3 years, children in the exposed group demonstrated higher fractional anisotropy, and lower mean and radial diffusivity in association tracts compared to controls. This was notable in the sagittal stratum (radial diffusivity: p<0.01). Altered white matter integrity metrics were also observed in projection tracts, including the corona radiata, which associated with cognitive and motor outcomes in exposed 2-3-year-olds (p<0.05). Our findings of widespread white matter alterations in 2-3-year-old children with prenatal exposure to depression are consistent with previous findings, as well as with neuroimaging findings in adults with major depression. Further, we identified novel associations of altered white matter integrity with cognitive development in depression-exposed children, suggesting that these neuroimaging findings may have early functional impact.
Collapse
|
23
|
Compressed SENSE in Pediatric Brain Tumor MR Imaging : Assessment of Image Quality, Examination Time and Energy Release. Clin Neuroradiol 2022; 32:725-733. [PMID: 34994810 PMCID: PMC9424145 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-021-01112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To compare the image quality, examination time, and total energy release of a standardized pediatric brain tumor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol performed with and without compressed sensitivity encoding (C-SENSE). Recently introduced as an acceleration technique in MRI, we hypothesized that C‑SENSE would improve image quality, reduce the examination time and radiofrequency-induced energy release compared with conventional examination in a pediatric brain tumor protocol. Methods This retrospective study included 22 patients aged 2.33–18.83 years with different brain tumor types who had previously undergone conventional MRI examination and underwent follow-up C‑SENSE examination. Both examinations were conducted with a 3.0-Tesla device and included pre-contrast and post-contrast T1-weighted turbo-field-echo, T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. Image quality was assessed in four anatomical regions of interest (tumor area, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and posterior fossa) using a 5-point scale. Reader preference between the standard and C‑SENSE images was evaluated. The total examination duration and energy deposit were compared based on scanner log file analysis. Results Relative to standard examinations, C‑SENSE examinations were characterized by shorter total examination times (26.1 ± 3.93 vs. 22.18 ± 2.31 min; P = 0.001), reduced total energy deposit (206.0 ± 19.7 vs. 92.3 ± 18.2 J/kg; P < 0.001), and higher image quality (overall P < 0.001). Conclusion C‑SENSE contributes to the improvement of image quality, reduction of scan times and radiofrequency-induced energy release relative to the standard protocol in pediatric brain tumor MRI. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00062-021-01112-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rasmussen JM, Graham AM, Gyllenhammer LE, Entringer S, Chow DS, O’Connor TG, Fair DA, Wadhwa PD, Buss C. Neuroanatomical Correlates Underlying the Association Between Maternal Interleukin 6 Concentration During Pregnancy and Offspring Fluid Reasoning Performance in Early Childhood. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:24-33. [PMID: 33766778 PMCID: PMC8458517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal inflammation during pregnancy can alter offspring brain development and influence risk for disorders commonly accompanied by deficits in cognitive functioning. We therefore examined associations between maternal interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations during pregnancy and offspring cognitive ability and concurrent magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of brain anatomy in early childhood. We further examined newborn brain anatomy in secondary analyses to consider whether effects are evident soon after birth and to increase capacity to differentiate effects of pre- versus postnatal exposures. METHODS IL-6 concentrations were quantified in early (12.6 ± 2.8 weeks), mid (20.4 ± 1.5 weeks), and late (30.3 ± 1.3 weeks) pregnancy. Offspring nonverbal fluid intelligence (Gf) was assessed at 5.2 ± 0.6 years using a spatial reasoning task (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Matrix) (n = 49). T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at birth (n = 89, postmenstrual age = 42.9 ± 2.0 weeks) and in early childhood (n = 42, scan age = 5.1 ± 1.0 years). Regional cortical volumes were examined for a joint association between maternal IL-6 and offspring Gf performance. RESULTS Average maternal IL-6 concentration during pregnancy was inversely associated with offspring Gf performance after adjusting for socioeconomic status and the quality of the caregiving and learning environment (R2 = 13%; p = .02). Early-childhood pars triangularis volume was jointly associated with maternal IL-6 and childhood Gf (pcorrected < .001). An association also was observed between maternal IL-6 and newborn pars triangularis volume (R2 = 6%; p = .02). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the origins of variation in child cognitive ability can, in part, trace back to maternal conditions during the intrauterine period of life and support the role of inflammation as an important component of this putative biological pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerod M. Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697.,Corresponding Authors: Claudia Buss, PhD, Institute for Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Tel: +49 (0)30 450 529 222, Fax: +49 (0)30 450 529 990, ; Jerod M. Rasmussen, PhD., UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 3117 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility (GNRF), 837 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697,
| | - Alice M. Graham
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience,Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Lauren E. Gyllenhammer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697.,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Chow
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697
| | - Thomas G. O’Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA 14642
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience,Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Pathik D. Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 92697.,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Corresponding Authors: Claudia Buss, PhD, Institute for Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Tel: +49 (0)30 450 529 222, Fax: +49 (0)30 450 529 990, ; Jerod M. Rasmussen, PhD., UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 3117 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility (GNRF), 837 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sanchez-Alonso S, Aslin RN. Towards a model of language neurobiology in early development. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2022; 224:105047. [PMID: 34894429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding language neurobiology in early childhood is essential for characterizing the developmental structural and functional changes that lead to the mature adult language network. In the last two decades, the field of language neurodevelopment has received increasing attention, particularly given the rapid advances in the implementation of neuroimaging techniques and analytic approaches that allow detailed investigations into the developing brain across a variety of cognitive domains. These methodological and analytical advances hold the promise of developing early markers of language outcomes that allow diagnosis and clinical interventions at the earliest stages of development. Here, we argue that findings in language neurobiology need to be integrated within an approach that captures the dynamic nature and inherent variability that characterizes the developing brain and the interplay between behavior and (structural and functional) neural patterns. Accordingly, we describe a framework for understanding language neurobiology in early development, which minimally requires an explicit characterization of the following core domains: i) computations underlying language learning mechanisms, ii) developmental patterns of change across neural and behavioral measures, iii) environmental variables that reinforce language learning (e.g., the social context), and iv) brain maturational constraints for optimal neural plasticity, which determine the infant's sensitivity to learning from the environment. We discuss each of these domains in the context of recent behavioral and neuroimaging findings and consider the need for quantitatively modeling two main sources of variation: individual differences or trait-like patterns of variation and within-subject differences or state-like patterns of variation. The goal is to enable models that allow prediction of language outcomes from neural measures that take into account these two types of variation. Finally, we examine how future methodological approaches would benefit from the inclusion of more ecologically valid paradigms that complement and allow generalization of traditional controlled laboratory methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard N Aslin
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu N, Kim JY, Han D, Kim SY, Lee HM, Kim DH, Kim HG. Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting in Neonates: Quantifying Regional Difference and Maturation in the Brain. Invest Radiol 2022; 57:44-51. [PMID: 34101674 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) allows the simultaneous measurement of multiple tissue properties in a single acquisition. Three-dimensional (3D) MRF with high spatial resolution can be used for neonatal brain imaging. The aim of this study is to apply 3D MRF to neonates and show regional differences and maturation in the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, 3D MRF using hybrid radial-interleaved acquisition was performed on phantoms and neonates from December 2019 to October 2020. For the reconstruction of 3D MRF, singular value decomposition was applied to reduce reconstruction time, and the iterative reconstruction technique was applied to improve image quality. The accuracies of T1 and T2 values derived from 3D MRF were evaluated in a phantom experiment. Regional T1 and T2 values were obtained from neonates' brain T1 and T2 maps derived from 3D MRF. Regional T1 and T2 values were compared, and their changes according to corrected gestational age were evaluated. RESULTS The acquisition time for 3D MRF with a spatial resolution of 0.7 × 0.7 × 2 mm3 was less than 5 minutes. The phantom study showed high correlation between T1 and T2 values derived from 3D MRF and those from conventional spin echo sequences (T1, R2 = 0.998, P < 0.001; T2, R2 = 0.998, P < 0.001). Three-dimensional MRF was performed in 25 neonates (15 boys, 10 girls; median corrected gestational age, 263 days; interquartile range, 10 days). In neonates, T1 and T2 values differed in the frontal (median [interquartile range], 2785 [2684-2888] milliseconds and 189.8 [176.7-222.9] milliseconds), parietal (2849 [2741-2950] milliseconds and 191.6 [167.5-232.9] milliseconds), and occipital white matter (2621 [2513-2722] milliseconds and 162.9 [143.5-186.1] milliseconds), showing lower values in occipital white matter (P < 0.001). Regional T1 values showed a negative relationship with corrected gestational age (coefficient, -0.775 to -0.480; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fast and high spatial resolution 3D MRF was applied to neonates. T1 and T2 maps derived from 3D MRF enabled the quantification of regional differences and maturation in the neonatal brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nali Yu
- From the Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Radiology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gi Kim
- Radiology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
MR imaging of premature neonates is challenging due to their small size, need for temperature support and monitoring, and immature central nervous system. Use of MR compatible incubators and MR compatible monitoring apparatus, careful selection of imaging protocols, and real time review of images by a radiologist can streamline the imaging process and improve image quality. Imaging should be focused upon (1) the child's biorhythms (imaging during sleep cycles), (2) minimizing delays during transport and (3) delaying noisy MR sequences until the end of an examination. Successful imaging of premature neonates requires teamwork: advanced planning, careful communication among neonatologists, nurses, and radiologists, established imaging protocols, and coordination among team members during all aspects of the process.
Collapse
|
28
|
Copeland A, Silver E, Korja R, Lehtola SJ, Merisaari H, Saukko E, Sinisalo S, Saunavaara J, Lähdesmäki T, Parkkola R, Nolvi S, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Tuulari JJ. Infant and Child MRI: A Review of Scanning Procedures. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:666020. [PMID: 34321992 PMCID: PMC8311184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.666020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe method to examine human brain. However, a typical MR scan is very sensitive to motion, and it requires the subject to lie still during the acquisition, which is a major challenge for pediatric scans. Consequently, in a clinical setting, sedation or general anesthesia is often used. In the research setting including healthy subjects anesthetics are not recommended for ethical reasons and potential longer-term harm. Here we review the methods used to prepare a child for an MRI scan, but also on the techniques and tools used during the scanning to enable a successful scan. Additionally, we critically evaluate how studies have reported the scanning procedure and success of scanning. We searched articles based on special subject headings from PubMed and identified 86 studies using brain MRI in healthy subjects between 0 and 6 years of age. Scan preparations expectedly depended on subject's age; infants and young children were scanned asleep after feeding and swaddling and older children were scanned awake. Comparing the efficiency of different procedures was difficult because of the heterogeneous reporting of the used methods and the success rates. Based on this review, we recommend more detailed reporting of scanning procedure to help find out which are the factors affecting the success of scanning. In the long term, this could help the research field to get high quality data, but also the clinical field to reduce the use of anesthetics. Finally, we introduce the protocol used in scanning 2 to 5-week-old infants in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, and tips for calming neonates during the scans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anni Copeland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Silver
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu J. Lehtola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Merisaari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Saukko
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanne Sinisalo
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuire Lähdesmäki
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jetro J. Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li N, Zheng H, Xu G, Gui T, Yin Q, Chen Q, Lee J, Xin Y, Zhang S, He Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Zheng H, Wang D, Li Y. Simultaneous Head and Spine MR Imaging in Children Using a Dedicated Multichannel Receiver System at 3T. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:3659-3670. [PMID: 34014817 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3082149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to enable simultaneous head and spine Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) in children at 3T by using a dedicated multichannel radiofrequency coil array system. METHODS A 24-channel head and spine pediatric coil system was developed and constructed. The coils performance was compared with a commercially available 24-channel adult head-neck coil and a spine coil (1-4 spine of 16-channel were selected). Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and parallel imaging capability were quantitatively evaluated by phantom studies and in vivo imaging experiments. With Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee approval, the designed coil was used to acquire head and spine images on 27 children in clinical settings. RESULTS The pediatric coil provided substantial SNR improvements with an increase of 32 % to 40 % in the brain region and up to a two-fold increase in the surface. SNR increased by at least 18 % in the spine region. The coil enabled higher resolution and a faster imaging speed, owing to significantly improved SNR. Extensive coverage of the coil enabled high-quality fast imaging from head-neck to the whole spine. Good image quality with an average score 4.63 out of 5 was achieved using the developed pediatric coil in clinical studies. CONCLUSION Simultaneous head and spine MRI with superior performance have been successfully acquired in children subjects at 3T using the dedicated 24-channel head and spine pediatric coil system. SIGNIFICANCE The 24-channel pediatric coil system potentially can enhance pediatric head and spine MRI in clinical research and diagnosis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Dubois J, Alison M, Counsell SJ, Hertz‐Pannier L, Hüppi PS, Benders MJ. MRI of the Neonatal Brain: A Review of Methodological Challenges and Neuroscientific Advances. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 53:1318-1343. [PMID: 32420684 PMCID: PMC8247362 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, exploration of the developing brain has become a major focus for researchers and clinicians in an attempt to understand what allows children to acquire amazing and unique abilities, as well as the impact of early disruptions (eg, prematurity, neonatal insults) that can lead to a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Noninvasive neuroimaging methods such as MRI are essential to establish links between the brain and behavioral changes in newborns and infants. In this review article, we aim to highlight recent and representative studies using the various techniques available: anatomical MRI, quantitative MRI (relaxometry, diffusion MRI), multiparametric approaches, and functional MRI. Today, protocols use 1.5 or 3T MRI scanners, and specialized methodologies have been put in place for data acquisition and processing to address the methodological challenges specific to this population, such as sensitivity to motion. MR sequences must be adapted to the brains of newborns and infants to obtain relevant good soft-tissue contrast, given the small size of the cerebral structures and the incomplete maturation of tissues. The use of age-specific image postprocessing tools is also essential, as signal and contrast differ from the adult brain. Appropriate methodologies then make it possible to explore multiple neurodevelopmental mechanisms in a precise way, and assess changes with age or differences between groups of subjects, particularly through large-scale projects. Although MRI measurements only indirectly reflect the complex series of dynamic processes observed throughout development at the molecular and cellular levels, this technique can provide information on brain morphology, structural connectivity, microstructural properties of gray and white matter, and on the functional architecture. Finally, MRI measures related to clinical, behavioral, and electrophysiological markers have a key role to play from a diagnostic and prognostic perspective in the implementation of early interventions to avoid long-term disabilities in children. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dubois
- University of ParisNeuroDiderot, INSERM,ParisFrance
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA; Paris‐Saclay UniversityGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Marianne Alison
- University of ParisNeuroDiderot, INSERM,ParisFrance
- Department of Pediatric RadiologyAPHP, Robert‐Debré HospitalParisFrance
| | - Serena J. Counsell
- Centre for the Developing BrainSchool of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lucie Hertz‐Pannier
- University of ParisNeuroDiderot, INSERM,ParisFrance
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA; Paris‐Saclay UniversityGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Petra S. Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Woman, Child and AdolescentUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Manon J.N.L. Benders
- Department of NeonatologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Al Orf A, Waheed KB, Ali EM, Muhammad AK, Al Zahrani FM, Seth SA, Al Jubair NN, Harisi HS, Arulanantham ZJ. Inherited paediatric neurometabolic disorders, can brain magnetic resonance imaging predict? NEUROSCIENCES (RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA) 2021; 25:392-398. [PMID: 33459289 PMCID: PMC8015596 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2020.5.20200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate diagnostic capability of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detection of inherited neurometabolic disorders. Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed in Radiology Department at our Hospital in Dhahran, from January 2013 to January 2020. We evaluated brain MRIs of children (under 5) who were referred to pediatric neurology for clinical suspicion of neuro-developmental delay and metabolic disease. Known perinatal ischemia and birth trauma cases were excluded. Imaging criteria included: (i) bilateral symmetric white matter signal abnormality, (ii) diffusion restriction affecting bilateral deep grey nuclei with or without brainstem involvement, (iii) brain atrophy or edema with abnormal white matter signal, (iv) characteristic MR spectroscopic finding. Presence of any one of these findings was considered positive for neurometabolic disease. Two neuroradiologists interpreted MRIs with substantial interobserver agreement. Diagnoses were confirmed on biochemical/ metabolic screening and genetic testing. A 2 × 2 contingency table was used for results. Chi square test was used to determine association. Results: Out of 133 cases, 72 (49 males, 90% AR) were found to have neurometabolic disorders. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated as 81.94% (CI, 71.11-90.02), 67.21% (CI, 54.00-78.69), 74.68% (CI, 66.96-81.11) and 75.93% (CI, 65.16-84.17) respectively. Findings were found significant (p-value=0.0001). Conclusion: Brain MRI can help to predict inherited neurometabolic disorders considering certain findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Orf
- Department of Radiology Department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gentle Touch: Noninvasive Approaches to Improve Patient Comfort and Cooperation for Pediatric Imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 29:187-195. [PMID: 32541256 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric imaging presents unique challenges related to patient anxiety, cooperation, and safety. Techniques to reduce anxiety and patient motion in adults must often be augmented in pediatrics, because it is always mentioned in the field of pediatrics, children are not miniature adults. This article will review methods that can be considered to improve patient experience and cooperation in imaging studies. Such techniques can range from modifications to the scanner suite, different ways of preparing and interacting with children, collaborating with parents for improved patient care, and technical advances such as accelerated acquisition and motion correction to reduce artifact. Special considerations for specific populations including transgender patients, neonates, and pregnant women undergoing fetal imaging will be described. The unique risks of sedation in children will also be briefly reviewed.
Collapse
|
33
|
刘 莲, 张 鹏, 夏 红, 王 斌, 马 雪, 程 国, 史 源. [Application of magnetic resonance imaging-compatible incubator in cranial magnetic resonance imaging for neonates: a multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2020; 22:1251-1255. [PMID: 33327993 PMCID: PMC7735921 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2007081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the safety and efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible incubator in cranial MRI examination for neonates. METHODS A total of 120 neonates who were hospitalized in three hospitals and needed to undergo MRI examination were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 60 neonates in each group. The neonates in the experimental group were transferred with MRI-compatible incubator and underwent cranial MRI examination inside the MRI-compatible incubator, and those in the control group were transferred using a conventional neonatal transfer incubator and then underwent MRI examination outside the incubator. The two groups were compared in terms of the primary efficacy index (total examination time), secondary efficacy indices (times of examination, MRI completion rate on the first day of use), and safety indices (incidence rate of adverse events and vital signs). RESULTS There were no significant differences in total examination time, times of examination, and MRI completion rate on the first day of use between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rate of adverse events and vital signs such as respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation rate at different time points before and after examination (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of MRI-compatible incubator does not significantly shorten the examination time of cranial MRI, but it does provide a relatively stable environment for examination with acceptable safety. There is a need for further studies with a larger population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 莲 刘
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿科学重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 鹏 张
- 复旦大学附属儿科医院新生儿科, 上海 201102
| | - 红萍 夏
- 上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院新生儿科, 上海 202150
| | - 斌 王
- 南方医科大学珠江医院儿科中心, 广东 广州 510282
| | - 雪玲 马
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿科学重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 国强 程
- 复旦大学附属儿科医院新生儿科, 上海 201102
| | - 源 史
- 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿科学重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fong AK, Allen MD, Waltzman D, Sarmiento K, Yeates KO, Suskauer S, Wintermark M, Lindberg DM, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Loewen JL. Neuroimaging in Pediatric Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Relating the Current 2018 Centers for Disease Control Guideline and the Potential of Advanced Neuroimaging Modalities for Research and Clinical Biomarker Development. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:44-52. [PMID: 32640874 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s 2018 Guideline for current practices in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; also referred to as concussion herein) systematically identified the best up-to-date practices based on current evidence and, specifically, identified recommended practices regarding computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and skull radiograph imaging. In this article, we discuss types of neuroimaging not discussed in the guideline in terms of their safety for pediatric populations, their potential application, and the research investigating the future use of certain modalities to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of mTBI in children. The role of neuroimaging in pediatric mTBI cases should be considered for the potential contribution to children's neural and social development, in addition to the immediate clinical value (as in the case of acute structural findings). Selective use of specific neuroimaging modalities in research has already been shown to detect aspects of diffuse brain injury, disrupted cerebral blood flow, and correlate physiological factors with persistent symptoms, such as fatigue, cognitive decline, headache, and mood changes, following mTBI. However, these advanced neuroimaging modalities are currently limited to the research arena, and any future clinical application of advanced imaging modalities in pediatric mTBI will require robust evidence for each modality's ability to provide measurement of the subtle conditions of brain development, disease, damage, or degeneration, while accounting for variables at both non-injury and time-post-injury epochs. Continued collaboration and communication between researchers and healthcare providers is essential to investigate, develop, and validate the potential of advanced imaging modalities in pediatric mTBI diagnostics and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dana Waltzman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelly Sarmiento
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel M Lindberg
- Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wilde
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Menéndez-Valladares P, Sola-Idígora N, Fuerte-Hortigón A, Alonso-Pérez I, Duque-Sánchez C, Domínguez-Mayoral AM, Ybot-González P, Montaner J. Lessons learned from proteome analysis of perinatal neurovascular pathologies. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:469-481. [PMID: 32877618 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1807335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perinatal and pediatric diseases related to neurovascular disorders cause significant problems during life, affecting a population with a long life expectancy. Early diagnosis and assessment of the severity of these diseases are crucial to establish an appropriate neuroprotective treatment. Currently, physical examination, neuroimaging and clinical judgment are the main tools for diagnosis, although these tests have certain limitations. There is growing interest in the potential value of noninvasive biomarkers that can be used to monitor child patients at risk of brain damage, allowing accurate, and reproducible measurements. AREAS COVERED This review describes potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of perinatal neurovascular diseases and discusses the possibilities they open for the classification and treatment of neonatal neurovascular diseases. EXPERT OPINION Although high rates of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke exist in pediatric populations, most studies have focused on biomarkers of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Inflammatory and neuronal biomarkers such as S-100B and GFAP, in combination with others yet to be discovered, could be considered as part of multiplex panels to diagnose these diseases and potentially for monitoring response to treatments. Ideally, noninvasive biofluids would be the best source for evaluating these biomarkers in proteomic assays in perinatal patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelia Sola-Idígora
- Neurodevelopment Group, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio/IBIS/CSIC/US , Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Irene Alonso-Pérez
- Neuropediatric Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen De Macarena , Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Patricia Ybot-González
- Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen De Macarena , Sevilla, Spain.,Neurodevelopment Group, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio/IBIS/CSIC/US , Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen De Macarena , Sevilla, Spain.,The Neurovascular Research Lab, IBIS/HUVR/CSIC/US , Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wedderburn CJ, Subramoney S, Yeung S, Fouche JP, Joshi SH, Narr KL, Rehman AM, Roos A, Ipser J, Robertson FC, Groenewold NA, Gibb DM, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Donald KA. Neuroimaging young children and associations with neurocognitive development in a South African birth cohort study. Neuroimage 2020; 219:116846. [PMID: 32304884 PMCID: PMC7443699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool for investigating brain development in young children and the neurobiological mechanisms underlying developmental risk and resilience. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest proportion of children at risk of developmental delay worldwide, yet in this region there is very limited neuroimaging research focusing on the neurobiology of such impairment. Furthermore, paediatric MRI imaging is challenging in any setting due to motion sensitivity. Although sedation and anesthesia are routinely used in clinical practice to minimise movement in young children, this may not be ethical in the context of research. Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility of paediatric multimodal MRI at age 2–3 years without sedation, and to explore the relationship between cortical structure and neurocognitive development at this understudied age in a sub-Saharan African setting. A total of 239 children from the Drakenstein Child Health Study, a large observational South African birth cohort, were recruited for neuroimaging at 2–3 years of age. Scans were conducted during natural sleep utilising locally developed techniques. T1-MEMPRAGE and T2-weighted structural imaging, resting state functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy sequences were included. Child neurodevelopment was assessed using the Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Following 23 pilot scans, 216 children underwent scanning and T1-weighted images were obtained from 167/216 (77%) of children (median age 34.8 months). Furthermore, we found cortical surface area and thickness within frontal regions were associated with cognitive development, and in temporal and frontal regions with language development (beta coefficient ≥0.20). Overall, we demonstrate the feasibility of carrying out a neuroimaging study of young children during natural sleep in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings indicate that dynamic morphological changes in heteromodal association regions are associated with cognitive and language development at this young age. These proof-of-concept analyses suggest similar links between the brain and cognition as prior literature from high income countries, enhancing understanding of the interplay between cortical structure and function during brain maturation. MRI data are challenging to acquire in the early years of life. Paediatric MRI without sedation is feasible in sub-Saharan Africa, with 77% success. The Drakenstein Child Health study has novel MRI data of South African children. Morphological features of the cortex associate with neurocognitive development. Structure-cognition relationships in heteromodal association regions at 2–3 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Wedderburn
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Sivenesi Subramoney
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shunmay Yeung
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | | | - Shantanu H Joshi
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea M Rehman
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Annerine Roos
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; SU/UCT MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Ipser
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frances C Robertson
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Universities Brain Imaging Centre (CUBIC), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Diana M Gibb
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College, London, UK
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; SAMRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa; SU/UCT MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kirsten A Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|