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Farrell ME, Thibault EG, Becker JA, Price JC, Healy BC, Hanseeuw BJ, Buckley RF, Jacobs HIL, Schultz AP, Chen CD, Sperling RA, Johnson KA. Spatial extent as a sensitive amyloid-PET metric in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38988055 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spatial extent-based measures of how far amyloid beta (Aβ) has spread throughout the neocortex may be more sensitive than traditional Aβ-positron emission tomography (PET) measures of Aβ level for detecting early Aβ deposits in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and improve understanding of Aβ's association with tau proliferation and cognitive decline. METHODS Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB)-PET scans from 261 cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Harvard Aging Brain Study were used to measure Aβ level (LVL; neocortical PIB DVR) and spatial extent (EXT), calculated as the proportion of the neocortex that is PIB+. RESULTS EXT enabled earlier detection of Aβ deposits longitudinally confirmed to reach a traditional LVL-based threshold for Aβ+ within 5 years. EXT improved prediction of cognitive decline (Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite) and tau proliferation (flortaucipir-PET) over LVL. DISCUSSION These findings indicate EXT may be more sensitive to Aβ's role in preclinical AD than level and improve targeting of individuals for AD prevention trials. HIGHLIGHTS Aβ spatial extent (EXT) was measured as the percentage of the neocortex with elevated Pittsburgh Compound-B. Aβ EXT improved detection of Aβ below traditional PET thresholds. Early regional Aβ deposits were spatially heterogeneous. Cognition and tau were more closely tied to Aβ EXT than Aβ level. Neocortical tau onset aligned with reaching widespread neocortical Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Farrell
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma G Thibault
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Alex Becker
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie C Price
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian C Healy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bernard J Hanseeuw
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles D Chen
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Okuyama C, Higashi T, Ishizu K, Oishi N, Kusano K, Ito M, Kagawa S, Okina T, Suzuki N, Hasegawa H, Nagahama Y, Watanabe H, Ono M, Yamauchi H. New objective simple evaluation methods of amyloid PET/CT using whole-brain histogram and Top20%-Map. Ann Nucl Med 2024:10.1007/s12149-024-01956-y. [PMID: 38907835 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the utility of newly developed objective methods for the evaluation of intracranial abnormal amyloid deposition using PET/CT histogram without use of cortical ROI analyses. METHODS Twenty-five healthy volunteers (HV) and 38 patients with diagnosed or suspected dementia who had undergone 18F-FPYBF-2 PET/CT were retrospectively included in this study. Out of them, 11C-PiB PET/CT had been also performed in 13 subjects. In addition to the conventional methods, namely visual judgment and quantitative analyses using composed standardized uptake value ratio (comSUVR), the PET images were also evaluated by the following new parameters: the skewness and the mode-to-mean ratio (MMR) obtained from the histogram of the brain parenchyma; Top20%-map highlights the areas with high tracer accumulation occupying 20% volume of the total brain parenchymal on the individual's CT images. We evaluated the utility of the new methods using histogram compared with the visual assessment and comSUVR. The results of these new methods between 18F-FPYBF-2 and 11C-PiB were also compared in 13 subjects. RESULTS In visual analysis, 32, 9, and 22 subjects showed negative, border, and positive results, and composed SUVR in each group were 1.11 ± 0.06, 1.20 ± 0.13, and 1.48 ± 0.18 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Visually positive subjects showed significantly low skewness and high MMR (p < 0.0001), and the Top20%-Map showed the presence or absence of abnormal deposits clearly. In comparison between the two tracers, visual evaluation was all consistent, and the ComSUVR, the skewness, the MMR showed significant good correlation. The Top20%-Maps showed similar pattern. CONCLUSIONS Our new methods using the histogram of the brain parenchymal accumulation are simple and suitable for clinical practice of amyloid PET, and Top20%-Map on the individual's brain CT can be of great help for the visual assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chio Okuyama
- Clinical Research Center, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Clinical Research Center, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Koichi Ishizu
- Clinical Research Center, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Oishi
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kuninori Kusano
- Clinical Research Center, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Miki Ito
- Clinical Research Center, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Shinya Kagawa
- Clinical Research Center, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okina
- Department of Neurology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Norio Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nagahama
- Department of Neurology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Kawasaki Memorial Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Fundamental Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Fundamental Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamauchi
- Clinical Research Center, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Yang B, Earnest T, Kumar S, Kothapalli D, Benzinger T, Gordon B, Sotiras A. Evaluation of ComBat harmonization for reducing across-tracer biases in regional amyloid PET analyses. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.14.24308952. [PMID: 38947044 PMCID: PMC11213066 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.24308952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Differences in amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer pharmacokinetics and binding properties lead to discrepancies in amyloid-β uptake estimates. Harmonization of tracer-specific biases is crucial for optimal performance of downstream tasks. Here, we investigated the efficacy of ComBat, a data-driven harmonization model, for reducing tracer-specific biases in regional amyloid PET measurements from [18F]-florbetapir (FBP) and [11C]-Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB). Methods One-hundred-thirteen head-to-head FBP-PiB scan pairs, scanned from the same subject within ninety days, were selected from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies 3 (OASIS-3) dataset. The Centiloid scale, ComBat with no covariates, ComBat with biological covariates, and GAM-ComBat with biological covariates were used to harmonize both global and regional amyloid standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and mean standardized absolute error (MsAE) were computed to measure the absolute agreement between tracers. Additionally, longitudinal amyloid SUVRs from an anti-amyloid drug trial were simulated using linear mixed effects modeling. Differences in rates-of-change between simulated treatment and placebo groups were tested, and change in statistical power/Type-I error after harmonization was quantified. Results In the head-to-head tracer comparison, the best ICC and MsAE were achieved after harmonizing with ComBat with no covariates for the global summary SUVR. ComBat with no covariates also performed the best in harmonizing regional SUVRs. In the clinical trial simulation, harmonization with both Centiloid and ComBat increased statistical power of detecting true rate-of-change differences between groups and decreased false discovery rate in the absence of a treatment effect. The greatest benefit of harmonization was observed when groups exhibited differing FPB-to-PiB proportions. Conclusions ComBat outperformed the Centiloid scale in harmonizing both global and regional amyloid estimates. Additionally, ComBat improved the detection of rate-of-change differences between clinical trial groups. Our findings suggest that ComBat is a viable alternative to Centiloid for harmonizing regional amyloid PET analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden Yang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA 63110
| | - Tom Earnest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA 63110
| | - Sayantan Kumar
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA 63110
| | - Deydeep Kothapalli
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA 63110
| | - Tammie Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA 63110
| | - Brian Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA 63110
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA 63110
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science and Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA 63110
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Bollack A, Pemberton HG, Collij LE, Markiewicz P, Cash DM, Farrar G, Barkhof F. Longitudinal amyloid and tau PET imaging in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of methodologies and factors affecting quantification. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5232-5252. [PMID: 37303269 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid and tau pathology can be quantified in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). Accurate longitudinal measurements of accumulation from these images are critical for characterizing the start and spread of the disease. However, these measurements are challenging; precision and accuracy can be affected substantially by various sources of errors and variability. This review, supported by a systematic search of the literature, summarizes the current design and methodologies of longitudinal PET studies. Intrinsic, biological causes of variability of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) protein load over time are then detailed. Technical factors contributing to longitudinal PET measurement uncertainty are highlighted, followed by suggestions for mitigating these factors, including possible techniques that leverage shared information between serial scans. Controlling for intrinsic variability and reducing measurement uncertainty in longitudinal PET pipelines will provide more accurate and precise markers of disease evolution, improve clinical trial design, and aid therapy response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Bollack
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - Hugh G Pemberton
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
- GE Healthcare, Amersham, UK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lyduine E Collij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pawel Markiewicz
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Cash
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bilgel M. Probabilistic estimation for across-batch compatibility enhancement for amyloid PET. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12436. [PMID: 37424963 PMCID: PMC10323321 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is necessary to accurately account for systematic differences due to variability in scanners, radiotracers, and acquisition protocols in multisite studies combining amyloid imaging data. METHODS We propose Probabilistic Estimation for Across-batch Compatibility Enhancement (PEACE), a fully Bayesian multimodal extension of the widely used ComBat harmonization model, and we apply it to harmonize regional amyloid positron emission tomography data from two scanners. RESULTS Simulations show that PEACE recovers true harmonized values better than ComBat, even for unimodal data. PEACE harmonization of multiscanner regional amyloid imaging data yields results that agree better with longitudinal data compared to ComBat, without removing the known biological effects of age or apolipoprotein E genotype. DISCUSSION PEACE outperforms ComBat in both unimodal and bimodal contexts, is applicable to multisite amyloid imaging data, and holds promise for the harmonization of other neuroimaging data over ComBat. HIGHLIGHTS We introduce PEACE, a fully Bayesian multimodal extension of ComBat harmonization.Simulations show that PEACE recovers true harmonized values better than ComBat.PEACE accurately harmonizes multiscanner regional amyloid imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral NeuroscienceNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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6
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Coath W, Modat M, Cardoso MJ, Markiewicz PJ, Lane CA, Parker TD, Keshavan A, Buchanan SM, Keuss SE, Harris MJ, Burgos N, Dickson J, Barnes A, Thomas DL, Beasley D, Malone IB, Wong A, Erlandsson K, Thomas BA, Schöll M, Ourselin S, Richards M, Fox NC, Schott JM, Cash DM. Operationalizing the centiloid scale for [ 18F]florbetapir PET studies on PET/MRI. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12434. [PMID: 37201176 PMCID: PMC10186069 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Centiloid scale aims to harmonize amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) measures across different analysis methods. As Centiloids were created using PET/computerized tomography (CT) data and are influenced by scanner differences, we investigated the Centiloid transformation with data from Insight 46 acquired with PET/magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI). METHODS We transformed standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) from 432 florbetapir PET/MRI scans processed using whole cerebellum (WC) and white matter (WM) references, with and without partial volume correction. Gaussian-mixture-modelling-derived cutpoints for Aβ PET positivity were converted. RESULTS The Centiloid cutpoint was 14.2 for WC SUVRs. The relationship between WM and WC uptake differed between the calibration and testing datasets, producing implausibly low WM-based Centiloids. Linear adjustment produced a WM-based cutpoint of 18.1. DISCUSSION Transformation of PET/MRI florbetapir data to Centiloids is valid. However, further understanding of the effects of acquisition or biological factors on the transformation using a WM reference is needed. HIGHLIGHTS Centiloid conversion of amyloid beta positron emission tomography (PET) data aims to standardize results.Centiloid values can be influenced by differences in acquisition.We converted florbetapir PET/magnetic resonance imaging data from a large birth cohort.Whole cerebellum referenced values could be reliably transformed to Centiloids.White matter referenced values may be less generalizable between datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Coath
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Marc Modat
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Jorge Cardoso
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Pawel J. Markiewicz
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUCLLondonUK
| | | | - Thomas D. Parker
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Ashvini Keshavan
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Sarah M. Buchanan
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Sarah E. Keuss
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Matthew J. Harris
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Ninon Burgos
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau ‐ Paris Brain Institute ‐ ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP‐HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, InriaAramis project‐teamParisFrance
| | - John Dickson
- Institute of Nuclear MedicineUniversity College London HospitalsLondonUK
| | - Anna Barnes
- Institute of Nuclear MedicineUniversity College London HospitalsLondonUK
| | - David L. Thomas
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Department of Brain Repair and RehabilitationUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel Beasley
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ian B. Malone
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCLLondonUK
| | - Kjell Erlandsson
- Institute of Nuclear MedicineUniversity College London HospitalsLondonUK
| | - Benjamin A. Thomas
- Institute of Nuclear MedicineUniversity College London HospitalsLondonUK
| | - Michael Schöll
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Nick C. Fox
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Dementia Research InstituteUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | | | - David M. Cash
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUCLLondonUK
- Dementia Research InstituteUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
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Shaaban CE, Tudorascu DL, Glymour MM, Cohen AD, Thurston RC, Snyder HM, Hohman TJ, Mukherjee S, Yu L, Snitz BE. A guide for researchers seeking training in retrospective data harmonization for population neuroscience studies of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2022; 1:978350. [PMID: 37464990 PMCID: PMC10353763 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.978350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to needs surrounding rigor and reproducibility, subgroup specific disease knowledge, and questions of external validity, data harmonization is an essential tool in population neuroscience of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Systematic harmonization of data elements is necessary to pool information from heterogeneous samples, and such pooling allows more expansive evaluations of health disparities, more precise effect estimates, and more opportunities to discover effective prevention or treatment strategies. The key goal of this Tutorial in Population Neuroimaging Curriculum, Instruction, and Pedagogy article is to guide researchers in creating a customized population neuroscience of ADRD harmonization training plan to fit their needs or those of their mentees. We provide brief guidance for retrospective data harmonization of multiple data types in this area, including: (1) clinical and demographic, (2) neuropsychological, and (3) neuroimaging data. Core competencies and skills are reviewed, and resources are provided to fill gaps in training as well as data needs. We close with an example study in which harmonization is a critical tool. While several aspects of this tutorial focus specifically on ADRD, the concepts and resources are likely to benefit population neuroscientists working in a range of research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Elizabeth Shaaban
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dana L. Tudorascu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ann D. Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Thurston
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heather M. Snyder
- Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Lan Yu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Beth E. Snitz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Eissman JM, Dumitrescu L, Mahoney ER, Smith AN, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Scollard P, Choi SE, Bush WS, Engelman CD, Lu Q, Fardo DW, Trittschuh EH, Mez J, Kaczorowski CC, Hernandez Saucedo H, Widaman KF, Buckley RF, Properzi MJ, Mormino EC, Yang HS, Harrison TM, Hedden T, Nho K, Andrews SJ, Tommet D, Hadad N, Sanders RE, Ruderfer DM, Gifford KA, Zhong X, Raghavan NS, Vardarajan BN, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang LS, Cruchaga C, Schellenberg GD, Cox NJ, Haines JL, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Larson EB, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Cuccaro ML, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Jefferson AL, Hohman TJ. Sex differences in the genetic architecture of cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2022; 145:2541-2554. [PMID: 35552371 PMCID: PMC9337804 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of elderly adults are cognitively unimpaired at time of death despite the presence of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology at autopsy. Studying individuals who are resilient to the cognitive consequences of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology may uncover novel therapeutic targets to treat Alzheimer's disease. It is well established that there are sex differences in response to Alzheimer's disease pathology, and growing evidence suggests that genetic factors may contribute to these differences. Taken together, we sought to elucidate sex-specific genetic drivers of resilience. We extended our recent large scale genomic analysis of resilience in which we harmonized cognitive data across four cohorts of cognitive ageing, in vivo amyloid PET across two cohorts, and autopsy measures of amyloid neuritic plaque burden across two cohorts. These data were leveraged to build robust, continuous resilience phenotypes. With these phenotypes, we performed sex-stratified [n (males) = 2093, n (females) = 2931] and sex-interaction [n (both sexes) = 5024] genome-wide association studies (GWAS), gene and pathway-based tests, and genetic correlation analyses to clarify the variants, genes and molecular pathways that relate to resilience in a sex-specific manner. Estimated among cognitively normal individuals of both sexes, resilience was 20-25% heritable, and when estimated in either sex among cognitively normal individuals, resilience was 15-44% heritable. In our GWAS, we identified a female-specific locus on chromosome 10 [rs827389, β (females) = 0.08, P (females) = 5.76 × 10-09, β (males) = -0.01, P(males) = 0.70, β (interaction) = 0.09, P (interaction) = 1.01 × 10-04] in which the minor allele was associated with higher resilience scores among females. This locus is located within chromatin loops that interact with promoters of genes involved in RNA processing, including GATA3. Finally, our genetic correlation analyses revealed shared genetic architecture between resilience phenotypes and other complex traits, including a female-specific association with frontotemporal dementia and male-specific associations with heart rate variability traits. We also observed opposing associations between sexes for multiple sclerosis, such that more resilient females had a lower genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis, and more resilient males had a higher genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Overall, we identified sex differences in the genetic architecture of resilience, identified a female-specific resilience locus and highlighted numerous sex-specific molecular pathways that may underly resilience to Alzheimer's disease pathology. This study illustrates the need to conduct sex-aware genomic analyses to identify novel targets that are unidentified in sex-agnostic models. Our findings support the theory that the most successful treatment for an individual with Alzheimer's disease may be personalized based on their biological sex and genetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Eissman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily R Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexandra N Smith
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Michael L Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phoebe Scollard
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seo Eun Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and
Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public
Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,
WI, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of
Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emily H Trittschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, GRECC, Seattle,
WA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hector Hernandez Saucedo
- UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento,
CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Properzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Sik Yang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California
Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
City, NY, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana Alzheimer Disease
Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,
IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University
School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
City, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Tommet
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of
Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhong
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Neha S Raghavan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY,
USA
| | | | | | | | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of
Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of
Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of
Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and
Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of
Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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9
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Papp KV, Buckley RF, Jacobs HIL, Schultz AP, Properzi MJ, Vannini P, Hanseeuw BJ, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Sperling RA. Association of Emerging β-Amyloid and Tau Pathology With Early Cognitive Changes in Clinically Normal Older Adults. Neurology 2022; 98:e1512-e1524. [PMID: 35338074 PMCID: PMC9012271 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials are moving earlier in the disease process, based on emerging signs of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology. If early treatment is the right time for intervention, it is critical to find the right test to optimize cognitive outcome measures for clinical trials. We sought to identify cognitive measures associated with the earliest detectable signs of emerging Aβ and tau pathology. METHODS 112 clinically normal adults with longitudinal PIB-PET, FTP-PET and cognitive data for 7+ years were included from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS). Analyses assessed those initially classified as PIB- (<Centiloid (CL) 20), then expanded to include PIB+ individuals up to CL40, the approximate threshold beyond which neocortical tau proliferation begins. Separate linear mixed effects models assessed the effects of emerging global Aβ (PIB slope) and tau (baseline FTP level and FTP slope) in the entorhinal (ERC) and inferior temporal (IT) cortices on multiple cognitive tasks and the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC) over time. RESULTS Steeper PIB slopes were associated with declining processing speed (DSST, Trails A) in those <CL20 and expanded to include learning/memory retrieval (FCSRT-FR, SRT-tr, LM-immed) in the <CL40 group. FTP had limited effects under CL20, with only rising right IT FTP slope related to declining FCSRT-FR and SRT-tr learning/memory retrieval (FCSRT-FR, SRT-tr). Expanding to include those initially <CL40, rising FTP level and/or slope were related to declines across all tasks, and PIB slope effects on memory retrieval but not DSST were reduced. A composite measure of processing speed and memory retrieval tasks provided the strongest prediction of decline under CL40, while PACC remained optimal at high levels of Aβ (>CL40). DISCUSSION Early, Aβ-mediated cognitive slowing was detected for processing speed measures, while early memory retrieval declines were associated with emerging Aβ and tau pathology. Composites of these measures may help determine whether anti-Aβ or anti-tau therapies administered at the first signs of pathology might preserve cognitive function. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class I evidence that in clinically normal older adults, emerging PET-detected Alzheimer's disease pathology is associated with declining processing speeds and memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn V Papp
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;3
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;3.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Properzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia Vannini
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;3
| | - Bernard J Hanseeuw
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;3
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;3.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;3
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10
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Seto M, Mahoney ER, Dumitrescu L, Ramanan VK, Engelman CD, Deming Y, Albert M, Johnson SC, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Vemuri P, Jefferson AL, Hohman TJ. Exploring common genetic contributors to neuroprotection from amyloid pathology. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac066. [PMID: 35425899 PMCID: PMC9006043 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical Alzheimer's disease describes some individuals who harbour Alzheimer's pathologies but are asymptomatic. For this study, we hypothesized that genetic variation may help protect some individuals from Alzheimer's-related neurodegeneration. We therefore conducted a genome-wide association study using 5 891 064 common variants to assess whether genetic variation modifies the association between baseline beta-amyloid, as measured by both cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography, and neurodegeneration defined using MRI measures of hippocampal volume. We combined and jointly analysed genotype, biomarker and neuroimaging data from non-Hispanic white individuals who were enrolled in four longitudinal ageing studies (n = 1065). Using regression models, we examined the interaction between common genetic variants (Minor Allele Frequency >0.01), including APOE-ɛ4 and APOE-ɛ2, and baseline cerebrospinal levels of amyloid (CSF Aβ42) on baseline hippocampal volume and the longitudinal rate of hippocampal atrophy. For targeted replication of top findings, we analysed an independent dataset (n = 808) where amyloid burden was assessed by Pittsburgh Compound B ([11C]-PiB) positron emission tomography. In this study, we found that APOE-ɛ4 modified the association between baseline CSF Aβ42 and hippocampal volume such that APOE-ɛ4 carriers showed more rapid atrophy, particularly in the presence of enhanced amyloidosis. We also identified a novel locus on chromosome 3 that interacted with baseline CSF Aβ42. Minor allele carriers of rs62263260, an expression quantitative trait locus for the SEMA5B gene (P = 1.46 × 10-8; 3:122675327) had more rapid neurodegeneration when amyloid burden was high and slower neurodegeneration when amyloid was low. The rs62263260 × amyloid interaction on longitudinal change in hippocampal volume was replicated in an independent dataset (P = 0.0112) where amyloid burden was assessed by positron emission tomography. In addition to supporting the established interaction between APOE and amyloid on neurodegeneration, our study identifies a novel locus that modifies the association between beta-amyloid and hippocampal atrophy. Annotation results may implicate SEMA5B, a gene involved in synaptic pruning and axonal guidance, as a high-quality candidate for functional confirmation and future mechanistic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Seto
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emily R. Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Geriatric Education and Clinical Center, Wm.S.Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Geriatric Education and Clinical Center, Wm.S.Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Geriatric Education and Clinical Center, Wm.S.Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal 413 90, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 413 45, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal 413 90, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 413 45, Sweden
| | | | - Angela L. Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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11
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Schwarz AJ. The Use, Standardization, and Interpretation of Brain Imaging Data in Clinical Trials of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:686-708. [PMID: 33846962 PMCID: PMC8423963 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging biomarkers play a wide-ranging role in clinical trials for neurological disorders. This includes selecting the appropriate trial participants, establishing target engagement and mechanism-related pharmacodynamic effect, monitoring safety, and providing evidence of disease modification. In the early stages of clinical drug development, evidence of target engagement and/or downstream pharmacodynamic effect-especially with a clear relationship to dose-can provide confidence that the therapeutic candidate should be advanced to larger and more expensive trials, and can inform the selection of the dose(s) to be further tested, i.e., to "de-risk" the drug development program. In these later-phase trials, evidence that the therapeutic candidate is altering disease-related biomarkers can provide important evidence that the clinical benefit of the compound (if observed) is grounded in meaningful biological changes. The interpretation of disease-related imaging markers, and comparability across different trials and imaging tools, is greatly improved when standardized outcome measures are defined. This standardization should not impinge on scientific advances in the imaging tools per se but provides a common language in which the results generated by these tools are expressed. PET markers of pathological protein aggregates and structural imaging of brain atrophy are common disease-related elements across many neurological disorders. However, PET tracers for pathologies beyond amyloid β and tau are needed, and the interpretability of structural imaging can be enhanced by some simple considerations to guard against the possible confound of pseudo-atrophy. Learnings from much-studied conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis will be beneficial as the field embraces rarer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Schwarz
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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12
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Schwarz CG. Uses of Human MR and PET Imaging in Research of Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:661-672. [PMID: 33723751 PMCID: PMC8423895 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, many neuroimaging studies have aimed to improve the scientific understanding of human neurodegenerative diseases using MRI and PET. This article is designed to provide an overview of the major classes of brain imaging and how/why they are used in this line of research. It is intended as a primer for individuals who are relatively unfamiliar with the methods of neuroimaging research to gain a better understanding of the vocabulary and overall methodologies. It is not intended to describe or review any research findings for any disease or biology, but rather to broadly describe the imaging methodologies that are used in conducting this neurodegeneration research. We will also review challenges and strategies for analyzing neuroimaging data across multiple sites and studies, i.e., harmonization and standardization of imaging data for multi-site and meta-analyses.
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13
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Potter H, Woodcock JH, Boyd TD, Coughlan CM, O'Shaughnessy JR, Borges MT, Thaker AA, Raj BA, Adamszuk K, Scott D, Adame V, Anton P, Chial HJ, Gray H, Daniels J, Stocker ME, Sillau SH. Safety and efficacy of sargramostim (GM-CSF) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12158. [PMID: 33778150 PMCID: PMC7988877 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory markers have long been observed in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, suggesting that inflammation contributes to AD and might be a therapeutic target. However, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug trials in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) failed to show benefit. Our previous work seeking to understand why people with the inflammatory disease rheumatoid arthritis are protected from AD found that short-term treatment of transgenic AD mice with the pro-inflammatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to an increase in activated microglia, a 50% reduction in amyloid load, an increase in synaptic area, and improvement in spatial memory to normal. These results called into question the consensus view that inflammation is solely detrimental in AD. Here, we tested our hypothesis that modulation of the innate immune system might similarly be used to treat AD in humans by investigating the ability of GM-CSF/sargramostim to safely ameliorate AD symptoms/pathology. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in mild-to-moderate AD participants (NCT01409915). Treatments (20 participants/group) occurred 5 days/week for 3 weeks plus two follow-up (FU) visits (FU1 at 45 days and FU2 at 90 days) with neurological, neuropsychological, blood biomarker, and imaging assessments. RESULTS Sargramostim treatment expectedly changed innate immune system markers, with no drug-related serious adverse events or amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. At end of treatment (EOT), the Mini-Mental State Examination score of the sargramostim group increased compared to baseline (P = .0074) and compared to placebo (P = .0370); the treatment effect persisted at FU1 (P = .0272). Plasma markers of amyloid beta (Aβ40 [decreased in AD]) increased 10% (P = .0105); plasma markers of neurodegeneration (total tau and UCH-L1) decreased 24% (P = .0174) and 42% (P = .0019), respectively, after sargramostim treatment compared to placebo. DISCUSSION The innate immune system is a viable target for therapeutic intervention in AD. An extended treatment trial testing the long-term safety and efficacy of GM-CSF/sargramostim in AD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huntington Potter
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down SyndromeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Jonathan H. Woodcock
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Timothy D. Boyd
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down SyndromeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Christina M. Coughlan
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down SyndromeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - John R. O'Shaughnessy
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Manuel T. Borges
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Ashesh A. Thaker
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | | | | | | | - Vanesa Adame
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down SyndromeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Paige Anton
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down SyndromeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Heidi J. Chial
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down SyndromeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Helen Gray
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Joseph Daniels
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Michelle E. Stocker
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Stefan H. Sillau
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
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14
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Farrell ME, Jiang S, Schultz AP, Properzi MJ, Price JC, Becker JA, Jacobs HIL, Hanseeuw BJ, Rentz DM, Villemagne VL, Papp KV, Mormino EC, Betensky RA, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Buckley RF. Defining the Lowest Threshold for Amyloid-PET to Predict Future Cognitive Decline and Amyloid Accumulation. Neurology 2020; 96:e619-e631. [PMID: 33199430 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As clinical trials move toward earlier intervention, we sought to redefine the β-amyloid (Aβ)-PET threshold based on the lowest point in a baseline distribution that robustly predicts future Aβ accumulation and cognitive decline in 3 independent samples of clinically normal individuals. METHODS Sequential Aβ cutoffs were tested to identify the lowest cutoff associated with future change in cognition (Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite [PACC]) and Aβ-PET in clinically normal participants from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (n = 342), Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle study of aging (n = 157), and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 356). RESULTS Within samples, cutoffs derived from future Aβ-PET accumulation and PACC decline converged on the same inflection point, beyond which trajectories diverged from normal. Across samples, optimal cutoffs fell within a short range (Centiloid 15-18.5). DISCUSSION These optimized thresholds can help to inform future research and clinical trials targeting early Aβ. Threshold convergence raises the possibility of contemporaneous early changes in Aβ and cognition. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that among clinically normal individuals a specific Aβ-PET threshold is predictive of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Farrell
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shu Jiang
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Properzi
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie C Price
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Alex Becker
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bernard J Hanseeuw
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn V Papp
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Betensky
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keith A Johnson
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.E.F., S.J., A.P.S., M.J.P., D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.B., K.A.J., R.A.S., R.F.B.) and Radiology (J.C.P., J.A.B., H.I.L.J., B.J.H., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Biostatistics (S.J., R.A.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (S.J.), Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; Faculty of Health (H.I.L.J.), Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (B.J.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (D.M.R., K.V.P., R.A.S., R.F.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy (V.L.V.), Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience (E.C.M.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Biostatistics (R.A.B.), New York University School of Global Public Health, NY; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (R.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia.
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15
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Raghavan NS, Dumitrescu L, Mormino E, Mahoney ER, Lee AJ, Gao Y, Bilgel M, Goldstein D, Harrison T, Engelman CD, Saykin AJ, Whelan CD, Liu JZ, Jagust W, Albert M, Johnson SC, Yang HS, Johnson K, Aisen P, Resnick SM, Sperling R, De Jager PL, Schneider J, Bennett DA, Schrag M, Vardarajan B, Hohman TJ, Mayeux R. Association Between Common Variants in RBFOX1, an RNA-Binding Protein, and Brain Amyloidosis in Early and Preclinical Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77:1288-1298. [PMID: 32568366 PMCID: PMC7309575 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Genetic studies of Alzheimer disease have focused on the clinical or pathologic diagnosis as the primary outcome, but little is known about the genetic basis of the preclinical phase of the disease. Objective To examine the underlying genetic basis for brain amyloidosis in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease. Design, Setting, and Participants In the first stage of this genetic association study, a meta-analysis was conducted using genetic and imaging data acquired from 6 multicenter cohort studies of healthy older individuals between 1994 and 2019: the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer Disease Study, the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study, the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention, the Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline Among Normal Individuals cohort, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, and the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, which included Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. The second stage was designed to validate genetic observations using pathologic and clinical data from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. Participants older than 50 years with amyloid positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging data and DNA from the 6 cohorts were included. The largest cohort, the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer Disease Study (n = 3154), was the PET screening cohort used for a secondary prevention trial designed to slow cognitive decline associated with brain amyloidosis. Six smaller, longitudinal cohort studies (n = 1160) provided additional amyloid PET imaging data with existing genetic data. The present study was conducted from March 29, 2019, to February 19, 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures A genome-wide association study of PET imaging amyloid levels. Results From the 4314 analyzed participants (age, 52-96 years; 2478 participants [57%] were women), a novel locus for amyloidosis was noted within RBFOX1 (β = 0.61, P = 3 × 10-9) in addition to APOE. The RBFOX1 protein localized around plaques, and reduced expression of RBFOX1 was correlated with higher amyloid-β burden (β = -0.008, P = .002) and worse cognition (β = 0.007, P = .006) during life in the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project cohort. Conclusions and Relevance RBFOX1 encodes a neuronal RNA-binding protein known to be expressed in neuronal tissues and may play a role in neuronal development. The findings of this study suggest that RBFOX1 is a novel locus that may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S. Raghavan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Emily R. Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Annie J. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yizhe Gao
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Theresa Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | | | - Jimmy Z. Liu
- Research and Early Development, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Hyun-Sik Yang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Aisen
- Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reisa Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew Schrag
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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16
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Dumitrescu L, Mahoney ER, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Bush WS, Engelman CD, Lu Q, Fardo DW, Trittschuh EH, Mez J, Kaczorowski C, Hernandez Saucedo H, Widaman KF, Buckley R, Properzi M, Mormino E, Yang HS, Harrison T, Hedden T, Nho K, Andrews SJ, Tommet D, Hadad N, Sanders RE, Ruderfer DM, Gifford KA, Moore AM, Cambronero F, Zhong X, Raghavan NS, Vardarajan B, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang LS, Cruchaga C, Schellenberg G, Cox NJ, Haines JL, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Larson EB, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Jefferson AL, Hohman TJ. Genetic variants and functional pathways associated with resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2020; 143:2561-2575. [PMID: 32844198 PMCID: PMC7447518 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of older adults exhibit the neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease without signs of cognitive impairment. Yet, little is known about the genetic factors that allow these potentially resilient individuals to remain cognitively unimpaired in the face of substantial neuropathology. We performed a large, genome-wide association study (GWAS) of two previously validated metrics of cognitive resilience quantified using a latent variable modelling approach and representing better-than-predicted cognitive performance for a given level of neuropathology. Data were harmonized across 5108 participants from a clinical trial of Alzheimer's disease and three longitudinal cohort studies of cognitive ageing. All analyses were run across all participants and repeated restricting the sample to individuals with unimpaired cognition to identify variants at the earliest stages of disease. As expected, all resilience metrics were genetically correlated with cognitive performance and education attainment traits (P-values < 2.5 × 10-20), and we observed novel correlations with neuropsychiatric conditions (P-values < 7.9 × 10-4). Notably, neither resilience metric was genetically correlated with clinical Alzheimer's disease (P-values > 0.42) nor associated with APOE (P-values > 0.13). In single variant analyses, we observed a genome-wide significant locus among participants with unimpaired cognition on chromosome 18 upstream of ATP8B1 (index single nucleotide polymorphism rs2571244, minor allele frequency = 0.08, P = 2.3 × 10-8). The top variant at this locus (rs2571244) was significantly associated with methylation in prefrontal cortex tissue at multiple CpG sites, including one just upstream of ATPB81 (cg19596477; P = 2 × 10-13). Overall, this comprehensive genetic analysis of resilience implicates a putative role of vascular risk, metabolism, and mental health in protection from the cognitive consequences of neuropathology, while also providing evidence for a novel resilience gene along the bile acid metabolism pathway. Furthermore, the genetic architecture of resilience appears to be distinct from that of clinical Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that a shift in focus to molecular contributors to resilience may identify novel pathways for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily R Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Michael L Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emily H Trittschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Deparment of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hector Hernandez Saucedo
- UC Davis Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Properzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyun-Sik Yang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tessa Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Doug Tommet
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Annah M Moore
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Francis Cambronero
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhong
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Neha S Raghavan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Deparment of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerard Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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17
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Salat DH, Kennedy KM. Current themes and issues in neuroimaging of aging processes: Editorial overview to the special issue on imaging the nonpathological aging brain. Neuroimage 2019; 201:116046. [PMID: 31376520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David H Salat
- Martinous Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusets General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard University, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
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