1
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Wang F, Xin M, Li X, Li L, Wang C, Dai L, Zheng C, Cao K, Yang X, Ge Q, Li B, Wang T, Zhan S, Li D, Zhang X, Paerhati H, Zhou Y, Liu J, Sun B. Effects of deep brain stimulation on dopamine D2 receptor binding in patients with treatment-refractory depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:672-680. [PMID: 38657771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a chronic psychiatric disorder related to diminished dopaminergic neurotransmission. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown effectiveness in treating patients with treatment-refractory depression (TRD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DBS on dopamine D2 receptor binding in patients with TRD. METHODS Six patients with TRD were treated with bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)-nucleus accumbens (NAc) DBS were recruited. Ultra-high sensitivity [11C]raclopride dynamic total-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was used to assess the brain D2 receptor binding. Each patient underwent a [11C]raclopride PET scan for 60-min under DBS OFF and DBS ON, respectively. A simplified reference tissue model was used to generate parametric images of binding potential (BPND) with the cerebellum as reference tissue. RESULTS Depression and anxiety symptoms improved after 3-6 months of DBS treatment. Compared with two-day-nonstimulated conditions, one-day BNST-NAc DBS decreased [11C]raclopride BPND in the amygdala (15.9 %, p < 0.01), caudate nucleus (15.4 %, p < 0.0001) and substantia nigra (10.8 %, p < 0.01). LIMITATIONS This study was limited to the small sample size and lack of a healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS Chronic BNST-NAc DBS improved depression and anxiety symptoms, and short-term stimulation decreased D2 receptor binding in the amygdala, caudate nucleus, and substantia nigra. The findings suggest that DBS relieves depression and anxiety symptoms possibly by regulating the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Mei Xin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201815, China
| | - Lianghua Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lulin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chaojie Zheng
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201815, China
| | - Kaiyi Cao
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201815, China
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201815, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201815, China
| | - Bolun Li
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201815, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shikun Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dianyou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Halimureti Paerhati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201815, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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2
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Gärde M, Matheson GJ, Varnäs K, Svenningsson P, Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Lundberg J, Farde L, Tiger M. Altered Serotonin 1B Receptor Binding After Escitalopram for Depression Is Correlated With Treatment Effect. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae021. [PMID: 38695786 PMCID: PMC11119883 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is commonly treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs inhibit the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), but the downstream antidepressant mechanism of action of these drugs is poorly understood. The serotonin 1B (5-HT1B) receptor is functionally linked to 5-HTT and 5-HT1B receptor binding and 5-HT1B receptor mRNA is reduced in the raphe nuclei after SSRI administration in primates and rodents, respectively. The effect of SSRI treatment on 5-HT1B receptor binding in patients with MDD has not been examined previously. This positron emission tomography (PET) study aimed to quantify brain 5-HT1B receptor binding changes in vivo after SSRI treatment for MDD in relation to treatment effect. METHODS Eight unmedicated patients with moderate to severe MDD underwent PET with the 5-HT1B receptor radioligand [11C]AZ10419369 before and after 3 to 4 weeks of treatment with the SSRI escitalopram 10 mg daily. Depression severity was assessed at time of PET and after 6 to 7 weeks of treatment with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in [11C]AZ10419369 binding in a dorsal brainstem (DBS) region containing the median and dorsal raphe nuclei after escitalopram treatment (P = .036). Change in DBS [11C]AZ10419369 binding correlated with Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale reduction after 3-4 (r = 0.78, P = .021) and 6-7 (r = 0.94, P < .001) weeks' treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings align with the previously reported reduction of 5-HT1B receptor binding in the raphe nuclei after SSRI administration and support future studies testing change in DBS 5-HT1B receptor binding as an SSRI treatment response marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gärde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G J Matheson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Varnäs
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Svenningsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Hedman-Lagerlöf
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lundberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Tiger
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Karalija N, Papenberg G, Johansson J, Wåhlin A, Salami A, Andersson M, Axelsson J, Kuznetsov D, Riklund K, Lövdén M, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L, Nyberg L. Longitudinal support for the correlative triad among aging, dopamine D2-like receptor loss, and memory decline. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 136:125-132. [PMID: 38359585 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine decline is suggested to underlie aging-related cognitive decline, but longitudinal examinations of this link are currently missing. We analyzed 5-year longitudinal data for a sample of healthy, older adults (baseline: n = 181, age: 64-68 years; 5-year follow-up: n = 129) who underwent positron emission tomography with 11C-raclopride to assess dopamine D2-like receptor (DRD2) availability, magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate structural brain measures, and cognitive tests. Health, lifestyle, and genetic data were also collected. A data-driven approach (k-means cluster analysis) identified groups that differed maximally in DRD2 decline rates in age-sensitive brain regions. One group (n = 47) had DRD2 decline exclusively in the caudate and no cognitive decline. A second group (n = 72) had more wide-ranged DRD2 decline in putamen and nucleus accumbens and also in extrastriatal regions. The latter group showed significant 5-year working memory decline that correlated with putamen DRD2 decline, along with higher dementia and cardiovascular risk and a faster biological pace of aging. Taken together, for individuals with more extensive DRD2 decline, dopamine decline is associated with memory decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Karalija
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm S-17165, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm S-17165, Sweden; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Kuznetsov
- Faculty of Sociology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden
| | - Martin Lövdén
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg S-41314, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin D-14195, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm S-17165, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden; Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden
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4
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Johansson J, Ericsson M, Axelsson J, Bjerkén SA, Virel A, Karalija N. Amphetamine-induced dopamine release in rat: Whole-brain spatiotemporal analysis with [ 11C]raclopride and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:434-445. [PMID: 37882727 PMCID: PMC10870964 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Whole-brain mapping of drug effects are needed to understand the neural underpinnings of drug-related behaviors. Amphetamine administration is associated with robust increases in striatal dopamine (DA) release. Dopaminergic terminals are, however, present across several associative brain regions, which may contribute to behavioral effects of amphetamine. Yet the assessment of DA release has been restricted to a few brain regions of interest. The present work employed positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]raclopride to investigate regional and temporal characteristics of amphetamine-induced DA release across twenty sessions in adult female Sprague Dawley rats. Amphetamine was injected intravenously (2 mg/kg) to cause displacement of [11C]raclopride binding from DA D2-like receptors, assessed using temporally sensitive pharmacokinetic PET model (lp-ntPET). We show amphetamine-induced [11C]raclopride displacement in the basal ganglia, and no changes following saline injections. Peak occupancy was highest in nucleus accumbens, followed by caudate-putamen and globus pallidus. Importantly, significant amphetamine-induced displacement was also observed in several extrastriatal regions, and specifically in thalamus, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and secondary somatosensory area. For these, peak occupancy occurred later and was lower as compared to the striatum. Collectively, these findings demonstrate distinct amphetamine-induced DA responses across the brain, and that [11C]raclopride-PET can be employed to detect such spatiotemporal differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Axelsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara af Bjerkén
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ana Virel
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Malén T, Santavirta S, De Maeyer S, Tuisku J, Kaasinen V, Kankare T, Isojärvi J, Rinne J, Hietala J, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Alterations in type 2 dopamine receptors across neuropsychiatric conditions: A large-scale PET cohort. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103578. [PMID: 38395027 PMCID: PMC10944176 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant dopaminergic function is linked with motor, psychotic, and affective symptoms, but studies have typically compared a single patient group with healthy controls. METHODS Here, we investigated the variation in striatal (caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, and putamen) and thalamic type 2 dopamine receptor (D2R) availability using [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) data from a large sample of 437 humans including healthy controls, and subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD), antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia, severe violent behavior, pathological gambling, depression, and overweight. We analyzed regional group differences in D2R availability. We also analyzed the interregional correlation in D2R availability within each group. RESULTS Subjects with PD showed the clearest decline in D2R availability. Overall, the groups showed high interregional correlation in D2R availability, while this pattern was weaker in violent offenders. Subjects with schizophrenia, pathological gambling, depression, or overweight did not show clear changes in either the regional receptor availability or the interregional correlation. CONCLUSION We conclude that the dopaminergic changes in neuropsychiatric conditions might not only affect the overall receptor availability but also how coupled regions are across people. The region-specific receptor availability more profoundly links to the motor symptoms, while the between-region coupling might be disrupted in violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Malén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Severi Santavirta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Janne Isojärvi
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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6
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Laurell GL, Plavén-Sigray P, Johansen A, Raval NR, Nasser A, Aabye Madsen C, Madsen J, Hansen HD, Donovan LL, Knudsen GM, Lammertsma AA, Ogden RT, Svarer C, Schain M. Kinetic models for estimating occupancy from single-scan PET displacement studies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1544-1556. [PMID: 37070382 PMCID: PMC10414003 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231168591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The traditional design of PET target engagement studies is based on a baseline scan and one or more scans after drug administration. We here evaluate an alternative design in which the drug is administered during an on-going scan (i.e., a displacement study). This approach results both in lower radiation exposure and lower costs. Existing kinetic models assume steady state. This condition is not present during a drug displacement and consequently, our aim here was to develop kinetic models for analysing PET displacement data. We modified existing compartment models to accommodate a time-variant increase in occupancy following the pharmacological in-scan intervention. Since this implies the use of differential equations that cannot be solved analytically, we developed instead one approximate and one numerical solution. Through simulations, we show that if the occupancy is relatively high, it can be estimated without bias and with good accuracy. The models were applied to PET data from six pigs where [11C]UCB-J was displaced by intravenous brivaracetam. The dose-occupancy relationship estimated from these scans showed good agreement with occupancies calculated with Lassen plot applied to baseline-block scans of two pigs. In summary, the proposed models provide a framework to determine target occupancy from a single displacement scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjertrud Louise Laurell
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annette Johansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nakul Ravi Raval
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arafat Nasser
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Aabye Madsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Demant Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lene Lundgaard Donovan
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Schain
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
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7
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Suminski AJ, Rajala AZ, Birn RM, Mueller EM, Malone ME, Ness JP, Filla C, Brunner K, McMillan AB, Poore SO, Williams JC, Murali D, Brzeczkowski A, Hurley SA, Dingle AM, Zeng W, Lake WB, Ludwig KA, Populin LC. Vagus nerve stimulation in the non-human primate: implantation methodology, characterization of nerve anatomy, target engagement and experimental applications. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:9. [PMID: 37118841 PMCID: PMC10148417 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a FDA approved therapy regularly used to treat a variety of neurological disorders that impact the central nervous system (CNS) including epilepsy and stroke. Putatively, the therapeutic efficacy of VNS results from its action on neuromodulatory centers via projections of the vagus nerve to the solitary tract nucleus. Currently, there is not an established large animal model that facilitates detailed mechanistic studies exploring how VNS impacts the function of the CNS, especially during complex behaviors requiring motor action and decision making. METHODS We describe the anatomical organization, surgical methodology to implant VNS electrodes on the left gagus nerve and characterization of target engagement/neural interface properties in a non-human primate (NHP) model of VNS that permits chronic stimulation over long periods of time. Furthermore, we describe the results of pilot experiments in a small number of NHPs to demonstrate how this preparation might be used in an animal model capable of performing complex motor and decision making tasks. RESULTS VNS electrode impedance remained constant over months suggesting a stable interface. VNS elicited robust activation of the vagus nerve which resulted in decreases of respiration rate and/or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired air, but not changes in heart rate in both awake and anesthetized NHPs. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate that this preparation will be very useful to study the mechanisms underlying the effects of VNS for the treatment of conditions such as epilepsy and depression, for which VNS is extensively used, as well as for the study of the neurobiological basis underlying higher order functions such as learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Suminski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abigail Z Rajala
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Rasmus M Birn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ellie M Mueller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Margaret E Malone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jared P Ness
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Caitlyn Filla
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kevin Brunner
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alan B McMillan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel O Poore
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Justin C Williams
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dhanabalan Murali
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea Brzeczkowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel A Hurley
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aaron M Dingle
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Weifeng Zeng
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wendell B Lake
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kip A Ludwig
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luis C Populin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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8
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Wang AR, Kuijper FM, Barbosa DAN, Hagan KE, Lee E, Tong E, Choi EY, McNab JA, Bohon C, Halpern CH. Human habit neural circuitry may be perturbed in eating disorders. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo4919. [PMID: 36989377 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Circuit-based mechanisms mediating the development and execution of habitual behaviors involve complex cortical-striatal interactions that have been investigated in animal models and more recently in humans. However, how human brain circuits implicated in habit formation may be perturbed in psychiatric disorders remains unclear. First, we identified the locations of the sensorimotor putamen and associative caudate in the human brain using probabilistic tractography from Human Connectome Project data. We found that multivariate connectivity of the sensorimotor putamen was altered in humans with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa and that the degree of alteration correlated with severity of disordered eating behavior. Furthermore, the extent of this circuit aberration correlated with mean diffusivity in the sensorimotor putamen and decreased basal dopamine D2/3 receptor binding potential in the striatum, consistent with previously reported microstructural changes and dopamine signaling mediating habit learning in animal models. Our findings suggest a neural circuit that links habit learning and binge eating behavior in humans, which could, in part, explain the treatment-resistant behavior common to eating disorders and other psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fiene Marie Kuijper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Université Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | - Daniel A N Barbosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Richards Medical Research Laboratories, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelsey E Hagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tong
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305 USA
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer A McNab
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305 USA
| | - Cara Bohon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Casey H Halpern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Richards Medical Research Laboratories, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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9
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Simonsson E, Stiernman LJ, Lundquist A, Rosendahl E, Hedlund M, Lindelöf N, Boraxbekk CJ. Dopamine D2/3-receptor availability and its association with autonomous motivation to exercise in older adults: An exploratory [11C]-raclopride study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:997131. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.997131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAutonomous motivation to exercise occurs when the activity is voluntary and with a perceived inherent satisfaction from the activity itself. It has been suggested that autonomous motivation is related to striatal dopamine D2/3-receptor (D2/3R) availability within the brain. In this study, we hypothesized that D2/3R availability in three striatal regions (nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen) would be positively associated with self-reported autonomous motivation to exercise. We also examined this relationship with additional exploratory analyses across a set of a priori extrastriatal regions of interest (ROI).MethodsOur sample comprised 49 older adults (28 females) between 64 and 78 years of age. The D2/3R availability was quantified from positron emission tomography using the non-displaceable binding potential of [11C]-raclopride ligand. The exercise-related autonomous motivation was assessed with the Swedish version of the Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2.ResultsNo significant associations were observed between self-reported autonomous motivation to exercise and D2/3R availability within the striatum (nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen) using semi-partial correlations controlling for ROI volume on D2/3R availability. For exploratory analyses, positive associations were observed for the superior (r = 0.289, p = 0.023) and middle frontal gyrus (r = 0.330, p = 0.011), but not for the inferior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, or anterior insular cortex.ConclusionThis study could not confirm the suggested link between striatal D2/3R availability and subjective autonomous motivation to exercise among older adults. The exploratory findings, however, propose that frontal brain regions may be involved in the intrinsic regulation of exercise-related behaviors, though this has to be confirmed by future studies using a more suitable ligand and objective measures of physical activity levels.
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10
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Laurell GL, Plavén-Sigray P, Svarer C, Ogden RT, Knudsen GM, Schain M. Designing drug occupancy studies with PET neuroimaging: Sample size, occupancy ranges and analytical methods. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119620. [PMID: 36087903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular neuroimaging is today considered essential for evaluation of novel CNS drugs; it is used to quantify blood-brain barrier permeability, verify interaction with key target and determine the drug dose resulting in 50% occupancy, IC50. In spite of this, there has been limited data available to inform on how to optimize study designs. Through simulations, we here evaluate how IC50 estimation is affected by the (i) range of drug doses administered, (ii) number of subjects included, and (iii) level of noise in the plasma drug concentration measurements. Receptor occupancy is determined from PET distribution volumes using two different methods: the Lassen plot and Likelihood estimation of occupancy (LEO). We also introduce and evaluate a new likelihood-based estimator for direct estimation of IC50 from PET distribution volumes. For estimation of IC50, we find very limited added benefit in scanning individuals who are given drug doses corresponding to less than 40% receptor occupancy. In the range of typical PET sample sizes (5-20 subjects) each extra individual clearly reduces the error of the IC50 estimate. In all simulations, likelihood-based methods gave more precise IC50 estimates than the Lassen plot; four times the number of subjects were required for the Lassen plot to reach the same IC50 precision as LEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjertrud Louise Laurell
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 6-8 Inge Lehmanns Vej, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 6-8 Inge Lehmanns Vej, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 6-8 Inge Lehmanns Vej, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 6-8 Inge Lehmanns Vej, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Schain
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 6-8 Inge Lehmanns Vej, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; Antaros Medical AB, Mölndal, Sweden
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11
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In vivo correlation of serotonin transporter and 1B receptor availability in the human brain: a PET study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1863-1868. [PMID: 35821068 PMCID: PMC9372190 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic serotonin levels in the brain are regulated by active transport into the bouton by the serotonin transporter, and by autoreceptors, such as the inhibitory serotonin (5-HT) 1B receptor which, when activated, decreases serotonin release. Animal studies have shown a regulatory link between the two proteins. Evidence of such coupling could translate to an untapped therapeutic potential in augmenting the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors through pharmacological modulation of 5-HT1B receptors. Here we will for the first time in vivo examine the relationship between 5-HT1B receptors and serotonin transporters in the living human brain. Seventeen healthy individuals were examined with PET twice, using the radioligands [11C]AZ10419369 and [11C]MADAM for quantification of the 5-HT1B receptor and the 5-HT transporter, respectively. The binding potential was calculated for a set of brain regions, and the correlations between the binding estimates of the two radioligands were studied. [11C]AZ10419369 and [11C]MADAM binding was positively correlated in all examined brain regions. In most cortical regions the correlation was strong, e.g., frontal cortex, r(15) = 0.64, p = 0.01 and parietal cortex, r(15) = 0.8, p = 0.0002 while in most subcortical regions, negligible correlations was observed. Though the correlation estimates in cortex should be interpreted with caution due to poor signal to noise ratio of [11C]MADAM binding in these regions, it suggests a link between two key proteins involved in the regulation of synaptic serotonin levels. Our results indicate a need for further studies to address the functional importance of 5-HT1B receptors in treatment with drugs that inhibit serotonin reuptake.
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12
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Levine MA, Mandeville JB, Calabro F, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Chonde DB, Chen KT, Hong I, Price JC, Luna B, Catana C. Assessment of motion and model bias on the detection of dopamine response to behavioral challenge. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1309-1321. [PMID: 35118904 PMCID: PMC9207487 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221078616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Compartmental modeling analysis of 11C-raclopride (RAC) PET data can be used to measure the dopaminergic response to intra-scan behavioral tasks. Bias in estimates of binding potential (BPND) and its dynamic changes (ΔBPND) can arise both when head motion is present and when the compartmental model used for parameter estimation deviates from the underlying biology. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of motion and model bias within the context of a behavioral task challenge, examining the impacts of different mitigation strategies. Seventy healthy adults were administered bolus plus constant infusion RAC during a simultaneous PET/magnetic resonance (MR) scan with a reward task experiment. BPND and ΔBPND were estimated using an extension of the Multilinear Reference Tissue Model (E-MRTM2) and a new method (DE-MRTM2) was proposed to selectively discount the contribution of the initial uptake period. Motion was effectively corrected with a standard frame-based approach, which performed equivalently to a more complex reconstruction-based approach. DE-MRTM2 produced estimates of ΔBPND in putamen and nucleus accumbens that were significantly different from those estimated from E-MRTM2, while also decoupling ΔBPND values from first-pass k2' estimation and removing skew in the spatial bias distribution of parametric ΔBPND estimates within the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Levine
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph B Mandeville
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Finnegan Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Izquierdo-Garcia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel B Chonde
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin T Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inki Hong
- Siemens Healthcare MI, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julie C Price
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Cervenka S, Frick A, Bodén R, Lubberink M. Application of positron emission tomography in psychiatry-methodological developments and future directions. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:248. [PMID: 35701411 PMCID: PMC9198063 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders represent an increasing source of disability and high costs for societies globally. Molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) represent powerful tools with the potential to advance knowledge regarding disease mechanisms, allowing the development of new treatment approaches. Thus far, most PET research on pathophysiology in psychiatric disorders has focused on the monoaminergic neurotransmission systems, and although a series of discoveries have been made, the results have not led to any material changes in clinical practice. We outline areas of methodological development that can address some of the important obstacles to fruitful progress. First, we point towards new radioligands and targets that can lead to the identification of processes upstream, or parallel to disturbances in monoaminergic systems. Second, we describe the development of new methods of PET data quantification and PET systems that may facilitate research in psychiatric populations. Third, we review the application of multimodal imaging that can link molecular imaging data to other aspects of brain function, thus deepening our understanding of disease processes. Fourth, we highlight the need to develop imaging study protocols to include longitudinal and interventional paradigms, as well as frameworks to assess dimensional symptoms such that the field can move beyond cross-sectional studies within current diagnostic boundaries. Particular effort should be paid to include also the most severely ill patients. Finally, we discuss the importance of harmonizing data collection and promoting data sharing to reach the desired sample sizes needed to fully capture the phenotype of psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cervenka
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Frick
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Bodén
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Cortical D1 and D2 dopamine receptor availability modulate methylphenidate-induced changes in brain activity and functional connectivity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:514. [PMID: 35637272 PMCID: PMC9151821 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine signaling plays a critical role in shaping brain functional network organization and behavior. Prominent theories suggest the relative expression of D1- to D2-like dopamine receptors shapes excitatory versus inhibitory signaling, with broad consequences for cognition. Yet it remains unknown how the balance between cortical D1R versus D2R signaling coordinates the activity and connectivity of functional networks in the human brain. To address this, we collected three PET scans and two fMRI scans in 36 healthy adults (13 female/23 male; average age 43 ± 12 years), including a baseline D1R PET scan and two sets of D2R PET scans and fMRI scans following administration of either 60 mg oral methylphenidate or placebo (two separate days, blinded, order counterbalanced). The drug challenge allowed us to assess how pharmacologically boosting dopamine levels alters network organization and behavior in association with D1R-D2R ratios across the brain. We found that the relative D1R-D2R ratio was significantly greater in high-level association cortices than in sensorimotor cortices. After stimulation with methylphenidate compared to placebo, brain activity (as indexed by the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations) increased in association cortices and decreased in sensorimotor cortices. Further, within-network resting state functional connectivity strength decreased more in sensorimotor than association cortices following methylphenidate. Finally, in association but not sensorimotor cortices, the relative D1R-D2R ratio (but not the relative availability of D1R or D2R alone) was positively correlated with spatial working memory performance, and negatively correlated with age. Together, these data provide a framework for how dopamine-boosting drugs like methylphenidate alter brain function, whereby regions with relatively higher inhibitory D2R (i.e., sensorimotor cortices) tend to have greater decreases in brain activity and connectivity compared to regions with relatively higher excitatory D1R (i.e., association cortices). They also support the importance of a balanced interaction between D1R and D2R in association cortices for cognitive function and its degradation with aging. Joint PET and MRI analyses of cortical D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in healthy adults provide a framework for understanding how dopamine-boosting drugs alter brain function.
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15
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Atlas of type 2 dopamine receptors in the human brain: Age and sex dependent variability in a large PET cohort. Neuroimage 2022; 255:119149. [PMID: 35367652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dopamine system contributes to a multitude of functions ranging from reward and motivation to learning and movement control, making it a key component in goal-directed behavior. Altered dopaminergic function is observed in neurological and psychiatric conditions. Numerous factors have been proposed to influence dopamine function, but due to small sample sizes and heterogeneous data analysis methods in previous studies their specific and joint contributions remain unresolved. METHODS In this cross-sectional register-based study we investigated how age, sex, body mass index (BMI), as well as cerebral hemisphere and regional volume influence striatal type 2 dopamine receptor (D2R) availability in the human brain. We analyzed a large historical dataset (n=156, 120 males and 36 females) of [11C]raclopride PET scans performed between 2004 and 2018. RESULTS Striatal D2R availability decreased through age for both sexes (2-5 % in striatal ROIs per 10 years) and was higher in females versus males throughout age (7-8% in putamen). BMI and striatal D2R availability were weakly associated. There was no consistent lateralization of striatal D2R. The observed effects were independent of regional volumes. These results were validated using two different spatial normalization methods, and the age and sex effects also replicated in an independent sample (n=135). CONCLUSIONS D2R availability is dependent on age and sex, which may contribute to the vulnerability of neurological and psychiatric conditions involving altering D2R expression.
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16
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Moldovean SN, Timaru DG, Chiş V. All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Investigations on the Interactions between D2 Subunit Dopamine Receptors and Three 11C-Labeled Radiopharmaceutical Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042005. [PMID: 35216115 PMCID: PMC8880249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The D2 subunit dopamine receptor represents a key factor in modulating dopamine release. Moreover, the investigated radiopharmaceutical ligands used in positron emission tomography imaging techniques are known to bind D2 receptors, allowing for dopaminergic pathways quantification in the living human brain. Thus, the biophysical characterization of these radioligands is expected to provide additional insights into the interaction mechanisms between the vehicle molecules and their targets. Using molecular dynamics simulations and QM calculations, the present study aimed to investigate the potential positions in which the D2 dopamine receptor would most likely interact with the three distinctive synthetic 11C-labeled compounds (raclopride (3,5-dichloro-N-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzamide)—RACL, FLB457 (5-bromo-N-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide)—FLB457 and SCH23390 (R(+)-7-Chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine)—SCH)), as well as to estimate the binding affinities of the ligand-receptor complexes. A docking study was performed prior to multiple 50 ns molecular dynamics productions for the ligands situated at the top and bottom interacting pockets of the receptor. The most prominent motions for the RACL ligand were described by the high fluctuations of the peripheral aliphatic -CH3 groups and by its C-Cl aromatic ring groups. In good agreement with the experimental data, the D2 dopamine receptor-RACL complex showed the highest interacting patterns for ligands docked at the receptor’s top position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Nastasia Moldovean
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.M.); (D.-G.T.)
- Biomolecular Modeling and Computational Spectroscopy Laboratory, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana-Gabriela Timaru
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.M.); (D.-G.T.)
| | - Vasile Chiş
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.M.); (D.-G.T.)
- Biomolecular Modeling and Computational Spectroscopy Laboratory, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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17
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Thalamic dopamine D2-receptor availability in schizophrenia: a study on antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychosis and a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1233-1240. [PMID: 34759359 PMCID: PMC9054658 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological and genetic evidence support a role for an involvement of the dopamine D2-receptor (D2-R) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous molecular imaging studies have suggested lower levels of D2-R in thalamus, but results are inconclusive. The objective of the present study was to use improved methodology to compare D2-R density in whole thalamus and thalamic subregions between first-episode psychosis patients and healthy controls. Differences in thalamocortical connectivity was explored based on the D2-R results. 19 antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis patients and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were examined using high-resolution Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and the high-affinity D2-R radioligand [11C]FLB457. The main outcome was D2-R binding potential (BPND) in thalamus, and it was predicted that patients would have lower binding. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in a subgroup of 11 patients and 15 controls. D2-R binding in whole thalamus was lower in patients compared with controls (Cohen's dz = -0.479, p = 0.026, Bayes Factor (BF) > 4). Among subregions, lower BPND was observed in the ROI representing thalamic connectivity to the frontal cortex (Cohen's dz = -0.527, p = 0.017, BF > 6). A meta-analysis, including the sample of this study, confirmed significantly lower thalamic D2-R availability in patients. Exploratory analyses suggested that patients had lower fractional anisotropy values compared with controls (Cohen's d = -0.692, p = 0.036) in the inferior thalamic radiation. The findings support the hypothesis of a dysregulation of thalamic dopaminergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia, and it is hypothesized that this could underlie a disturbance of thalamocortical connectivity.
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18
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Shokri-Kojori E, Naganawa M, Ramchandani VA, Wong DF, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Brain opioid segments and striatal patterns of dopamine release induced by naloxone and morphine. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1419-1430. [PMID: 34873784 PMCID: PMC8837588 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptors are expressed throughout the brain and play a major role in regulating striatal dopamine (DA) release. Clinical studies have shown that naloxone (NAL, a nonspecific opioid antagonist) in individuals with opioid use disorder and morphine (MRP, a nonspecific opioid agonist) in healthy controls, resulted in DA release in the dorsal and ventral striatum, respectively. It is not known whether the underlying patterns of striatal DA release are associated with the striatal distribution of opioid receptors. We leveraged previously published PET datasets (collected in independent cohorts) to study the brain‐wide distribution of opioid receptors and to compare striatal opioid receptor availability with striatal DA release patterns. We identified three major gray matter segments based on availability maps of DA and opioid receptors: striatum, and primary and secondary opioid segments with high and intermediate opioid receptor availability, respectively. Patterns of DA release induced by NAL and MRP were inversely associated and correlated with kappa (NAL: r(68) = −0.81, MRP: r(68) = 0.54), and mu (NAL: r(68) = −0.62, MRP: r(68) = 0.46) opioid receptor availability. Kappa opioid receptor availability accounted for a unique part of variance in NAL‐ and MRP‐DA release patterns (ΔR2 >0.14, p <.0001). In sum, distributions of opioid receptors distinguished major cortical and subcortical regions. Patterns of NAL‐ and MRP‐induced DA release had inverse associations with striatal opioid receptor availability. Our approach provides a pattern‐based characterization of drug‐induced DA targets and is relevant for modeling the role of opioid receptors in modulating striatal DA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dean F Wong
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Tiger M, Gärde M, Tateno A, Matheson GJ, Sakayori T, Nogami T, Moriya H, Varnäs K, Arakawa R, Okubo Y. A positron emission tomography study of the serotonin1B receptor effect of electroconvulsive therapy for severe major depressive episodes. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:645-651. [PMID: 34332365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depressive disorders, although its molecular mechanism of action is unknown. The serotonin 1B (5-HT1B) receptor is a potential target for treatment of depression and low 5-HT1B receptor binding in limbic regions has been reported in previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies of depression. METHODS The objective of this longitudinal PET study was to examine the effect of ECT for depression on 5-HT1B receptor binding. Fifteen hospitalized patients with major depressive episodes were examined with PET and the 5-HT1B receptor selective radioligand [11C]AZ10419369, before and after ECT. Fifteen controls matched for age and sex were examined. Limbic regions with previously reported low 5-HT1B receptor binding in depression and a dorsal brain stem region were selected. RESULTS Thirteen patients completed the study according to protocol. Eleven out of thirteen patients responded to ECT. 5-HT1B receptor binding in hippocampus increased with 30 % after ECT (p=0.021). Using linear mixed effects modelling, we observed increases in 5-HT1B receptor binding following ECT with a moderate to large effect size, which did not differ significantly between regions. In an exploratory analysis, strong correlations between changes in 5-HT1B receptor binding and agitation scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale after ECT were observed. LIMITATIONS Albeit representative of a PET study, the sample size is still small and there are potential confounding effects of medication. CONCLUSIONS Increased 5-HT1B receptor binding was observed following ECT for depression, corresponding to previous findings of increased 5-HT1B receptor binding in hippocampus after rapid acting ketamine for treatment resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Tiger
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Martin Gärde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amane Tateno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takeshi Sakayori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nogami
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Moriya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Svensson JE, Schain M, Knudsen GM, Ogden RT, Plavén-Sigray P. Early stopping in clinical PET studies: How to reduce expense and exposure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2805-2819. [PMID: 34018825 PMCID: PMC8545054 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211017796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical positron emission tomography (PET) research is costly and entails exposing participants to radioactivity. Researchers should therefore aim to include just the number of subjects needed to fulfill the purpose of the study. In this tutorial we show how to apply sequential Bayes Factor testing in order to stop the recruitment of subjects in a clinical PET study as soon as enough data have been collected to make a conclusion. By using simulations, we demonstrate that it is possible to stop a study early, while keeping the number of erroneous conclusions low. We then apply sequential Bayes Factor testing to a real PET data set and show that it is possible to obtain support in favor of an effect while simultaneously reducing the sample size with 30%. Using this procedure allows researchers to reduce expense and radioactivity exposure for a range of effect sizes relevant for PET research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas E Svensson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schain
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Korkki SM, Papenberg G, Karalija N, Garrett DD, Riklund K, Lövdén M, Lindenberger U, Nyberg L, Bäckman L. Fronto-striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with cognitive variability in older individuals with low dopamine integrity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21089. [PMID: 34702857 PMCID: PMC8548594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Within-person, moment-to-moment, variability in behavior increases with advancing adult age, potentially reflecting the influence of reduced structural and neurochemical brain integrity, especially that of the dopaminergic system. We examined the role of dopamine D2 receptor (D2DR) availability, grey-, and white-matter integrity, for between-person differences in cognitive variability in a large sample of healthy older adults (n = 181; 64-68 years) from the Cognition, Brain, and Aging (COBRA) study. Intra-individual variability (IIV) in cognition was measured as across-trial variability in participants' response times for tasks assessing perceptual speed and working memory, as well as for a control task of motor speed. Across the whole sample, no associations of D2DR availability, or grey- and white-matter integrity, to IIV were observed. However, within-person variability in cognition was increased in two subgroups of individuals displaying low mean-level cognitive performance, one of which was characterized by low subcortical and cortical D2DR availability. In this latter group, fronto-striatal D2DR availability correlated negatively with within-person variability in cognition. This finding suggests that the influence of D2DR availability on cognitive variability may be more easily disclosed among individuals with low dopamine-system integrity, highlighting the benefits of large-scale studies for delineating heterogeneity in brain-behavior associations in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saana M. Korkki
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Goran Papenberg
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Douglas D. Garrett
- grid.419526.d0000 0000 9859 7917Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany ,grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrine Riklund
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Lövdén
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- grid.419526.d0000 0000 9859 7917Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany ,grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Serotonin transporter availability increases in patients recovering from a depressive episode. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:264. [PMID: 33972499 PMCID: PMC8110529 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging studies have shown low cerebral concentration of serotonin transporter in patients suffering from depression, compared to healthy control subjects. Whether or not this difference also is present before disease onset and after remission (i.e. a trait), or only at the time of the depressive episode (i.e. a state) remains to be explored. We examined 17 patients with major depressive disorder with positron emission tomography using [11C]MADAM, a radioligand that binds to the serotonin transporter, before and after treatment with internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy. In all, 17 matched healthy control subjects were examined once. Cerebellum was used as reference to calculate the binding potential. Differences before and after treatment, as well as between patients and controls, were assessed in a composite cerebral region and in the median raphe nuclei. All image analyses and confirmatory statistical tests were preregistered. Depression severity decreased following treatment (p < 0.001). [11C]MADAM binding in patients increased in the composite region after treatment (p = 0.01), while no change was observed in the median raphe (p = 0.51). No significant difference between patients at baseline and healthy controls were observed in the composite region (p = 0.97) or the median raphe (p = 0.95). Our main finding was that patients suffering from a depressive episode show an overall increase in cerebral serotonin transporter availability as symptoms are alleviated. Our results suggest that previously reported cross-sectional molecular imaging findings of the serotonin transporter in depression most likely reflect the depressive state, rather than a permanent trait. The finding adds new information on the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder.
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23
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Freiburghaus T, Svensson JE, Matheson GJ, Plavén-Sigray P, Lundberg J, Farde L, Cervenka S. Low convergent validity of [ 11C]raclopride binding in extrastriatal brain regions: A PET study of within-subject correlations with [ 11C]FLB 457. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117523. [PMID: 33144221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptors (D2-R) in extrastriatal brain regions are of high interest for research in a wide range of psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Pharmacological competition studies and test-retest experiments have shown high validity and reliability of the positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [11C]FLB 457 for D2-R quantification in extrastriatal brain regions. However, this radioligand is not available at most research centers. Instead, the medium affinity radioligand [11C]raclopride, which has been extensively validated for quantification of D2-R in the high-density region striatum, has been applied also in studies on extrastriatal D2-R. Recently, the validity of this approach has been questioned by observations of low occupancy of [11C]raclopride in extrastriatal regions in a pharmacological competition study with quetiapine. Here, we utilise a data set of 16 healthy control subjects examined with both [11C]raclopride and [11C]FLB 457 to assess the correlation in binding potential (BPND) in extrastriatal brain regions. BPND was quantified using the simplified reference tissue model with cerebellum as reference region. The rank order of mean regional BPND values were similar for both radioligands, and corresponded to previously reported data, both post-mortem and using PET. Nevertheless, weak to moderate within-subject correlations were observed between [11C]raclopride and [11C]FLB 457 BPND extrastriatally (Pearson's R: 0.30-0.56), in contrast to very strong correlations between repeated [11C]FLB 457 measurements (Pearson's R: 0.82-0.98). In comparison, correlations between repeated [11C]raclopride measurements were low to moderate (Pearson's R: 0.28-0.75). These results are likely related to low signal to noise ratio of [11C]raclopride in extrastriatal brain regions, and further strengthen the recommendation that extrastriatal D2-R measures obtained with [11C]raclopride should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Freiburghaus
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden.
| | - Jonas E Svensson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
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24
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Petibon Y, Alpert NM, Ouyang J, Pizzagalli DA, Cusin C, Fava M, El Fakhri G, Normandin MD. PET imaging of neurotransmission using direct parametric reconstruction. Neuroimage 2020; 221:117154. [PMID: 32679252 PMCID: PMC7800040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor ligand-based dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) permits the measurement of neurotransmitter release in the human brain. For single-scan paradigms, the conventional method of estimating changes in neurotransmitter levels relies on fitting a pharmacokinetic model to activity concentration histories extracted after PET image reconstruction. However, due to the statistical fluctuations of activity concentration data at the voxel scale, parametric images computed using this approach often exhibit low signal-to-noise ratio, impeding characterization of neurotransmitter release. Numerous studies have shown that direct parametric reconstruction (DPR) approaches, which combine image reconstruction and kinetic analysis in a unified framework, can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of parametric mapping. However, there is little experience with DPR in imaging of neurotransmission and the performance of the approach in this application has not been evaluated before in humans. In this report, we present and evaluate a DPR methodology that computes 3-D distributions of ligand transport, binding potential (BPND) and neurotransmitter release magnitude (γ) from a dynamic sequence of PET sinograms. The technique employs the linear simplified reference region model (LSRRM) of Alpert et al. (2003), which represents an extension of the simplified reference region model that incorporates time-varying binding parameters due to radioligand displacement by release of neurotransmitter. Estimation of parametric images is performed by gradient-based optimization of a Poisson log-likelihood function incorporating LSRRM kinetics and accounting for the effects of head movement, attenuation, detector sensitivity, random and scattered coincidences. A 11C-raclopride simulation study showed that the proposed approach substantially reduces the bias and variance of voxel-wise γ estimates as compared to standard methods. Moreover, simulations showed that detection of release could be made more reliable and/or conducted using a smaller sample size using the proposed DPR estimator. Likewise, images of BPND computed using DPR had substantially improved bias and variance properties. Application of the method in human subjects was demonstrated using 11C-raclopride dynamic scans and a reward task, confirming the improved quality of the estimated parametric images using the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Petibon
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nathaniel M Alpert
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinsong Ouyang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety & Stress Research, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Cusin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc D Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Laurell GL, Plavén-Sigray P, Jucaite A, Varrone A, Cosgrove KP, Svarer C, Knudsen GM, Ogden RT, Zanderigo F, Cervenka S, Hillmer AT, Schain M. Nondisplaceable Binding Is a Potential Confounding Factor in 11C-PBR28 Translocator Protein PET Studies. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:412-417. [PMID: 32680926 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The PET ligand 11C-PBR28 (N-((2-(methoxy-11C)-phenyl)methyl)-N-(6-phenoxy-3-pyridinyl)acetamide) binds to the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a biomarker of glia. In clinical studies of TSPO, the ligand total distribution volume, VT, is frequently the reported outcome measure. Since VT is the sum of the ligand-specific distribution volume (VS) and the nondisplaceable-binding distribution volume (VND), differences in VND across subjects and groups will have an impact on VT Methods: Here, we used a recently developed method for simultaneous estimation of VND (SIME) to disentangle contributions from VND and VS Data from 4 previously published 11C-PBR28 PET studies were included: before and after a lipopolysaccharide challenge (8 subjects), in alcohol use disorder (14 patients, 15 controls), in first-episode psychosis (16 patients, 16 controls), and in Parkinson disease (16 patients, 16 controls). In each dataset, regional VT estimates were obtained with a standard 2-tissue-compartment model, and brain-wide VND was estimated with SIME. VS was then calculated as VT - VND VND and VS were then compared across groups, within each dataset. Results: A lower VND was found for individuals with alcohol-use disorder (34%, P = 0.00084) and Parkinson disease (34%, P = 0.0032) than in their corresponding controls. We found no difference in VND between first-episode psychosis patients and their controls, and the administration of lipopolysaccharide did not change VND Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in TSPO PET studies, nondisplaceable binding can differ between patient groups and conditions and should therefore be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjertrud L Laurell
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - R Todd Ogden
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martin Schain
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Tiger M, Svensson J, Liberg B, Saijo T, Schain M, Halldin C, Farde L, Lundberg J. [ 11 C]raclopride positron emission tomography study of dopamine-D 2/3 receptor binding in patients with severe major depressive episodes before and after electroconvulsive therapy and compared to control subjects. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:263-269. [PMID: 31943514 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to test: (i) if D2 /D3 binding in three functional subsections of striatum is different in patients with severe major depressive episodes than in controls; and (ii) if this difference is normalized after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). METHODS Nine inpatients were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) and the radioligand [11 C]raclopride before and after an average of 8.4 ECT sessions. Treatment response was assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Nine age- and sex-matched controls were examined twice with PET and [11 C]raclopride. RESULTS [11 C]raclopride binding was significantly lower in all three subsections of striatum in patients compared to controls (Cohen's dz , 1.14-1.68; P = 0.003-0.027). Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Ratings decreased significantly after ECT (P < 0.001; Cohen's dz , 2.9). ECT had no statistically significant effect on [11 C]raclopride binding, although post-ECT binding estimates were more similar to those obtained in controls in all subsections of striatum. CONCLUSION Using PET and [11 C]raclopride, we found support for the notion that severe major depressive episodes are associated with significantly lower dopamine D2 /D3 binding in all three subsections of striatum compared to controls. We noted no significant effect on D2 /D3 binding in the patient group after response to ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Tiger
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Svensson
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benny Liberg
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomoyuki Saijo
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schain
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christer Halldin
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Dagher A, Palomero-Gallagher N. Mapping dopamine with positron emission tomography: A note of caution. Neuroimage 2020; 207:116203. [PMID: 31539589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH, Aachen, Germany; C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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In response to the letter “[11C]raclopride and extrastriatal binding to D2/3 receptors”. Neuroimage 2020; 207:116371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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29
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Winterdahl M, Noer O, Orlowski D, Schacht AC, Jakobsen S, Alstrup AKO, Gjedde A, Landau AM. Sucrose intake lowers μ-opioid and dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in porcine brain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16918. [PMID: 31729425 PMCID: PMC6858372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive sucrose consumption elicits addiction-like craving that may underpin the obesity epidemic. Opioids and dopamine mediate the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, and of natural rewards from stimuli such as palatable food. We investigated the effects of sucrose using PET imaging with [11C]carfentanil (μ-opioid receptor agonist) and [11C]raclopride (dopamine D2/3 receptor antagonist) in seven female anesthetized Göttingen minipigs. We then gave minipigs access to sucrose solution for one hour on 12 consecutive days and performed imaging again 24 hours after the final sucrose access. In a smaller sample of five minipigs, we performed an additional [11C]carfentanil PET session after the first sucrose exposure. We calculated voxel-wise binding potentials (BPND) using the cerebellum as a region of non-displaceable binding, analyzed differences with statistical non-parametric mapping, and performed a regional analysis. After 12 days of sucrose access, BPND of both tracers had declined significantly in striatum, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, amygdala, cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex, consistent with down-regulation of receptor densities. After a single exposure to sucrose, we found decreased binding of [11C]carfentanil in nucleus accumbens and cingulate cortex, consistent with opioid release. The lower availability of opioid and dopamine receptors may explain the addictive potential associated with intake of sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winterdahl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ove Noer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and CENSE, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna C Schacht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aage K O Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark & Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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