1
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Hanes CM, Mah KM, Steffen DM, McLeod CM, Marcucci CG, Fuller LC, Burgess RW, Garrett AM, Weiner JA. A C-terminal motif containing a PKC phosphorylation site regulates γ-Protocadherin-mediated dendrite arborization in the cerebral cortex in vivo. Dev Neurobiol 2024. [PMID: 38837880 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The Pcdhg gene cluster encodes 22 γ-Protocadherin (γ-Pcdh) cell adhesion molecules that critically regulate multiple aspects of neural development, including neuronal survival, dendritic and axonal arborization, and synapse formation and maturation. Each γ-Pcdh isoform has unique protein domains-a homophilically interacting extracellular domain and a juxtamembrane cytoplasmic domain-as well as a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain shared by all isoforms. The extent to which isoform-specific versus shared domains regulate distinct γ-Pcdh functions remains incompletely understood. Our previous in vitro studies identified protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation of a serine residue within a shared C-terminal motif as a mechanism through which γ-Pcdh promotion of dendrite arborization via myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is abrogated. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate two new mouse lines expressing only non-phosphorylatable γ-Pcdhs, due either to a serine-to-alanine mutation (PcdhgS/A) or to a 15-amino acid C-terminal deletion resulting from insertion of an early stop codon (PcdhgCTD). Both lines are viable and fertile, and the density and maturation of dendritic spines remain unchanged in both PcdhgS/A and PcdhgCTD cortex. Dendrite arborization of cortical pyramidal neurons, however, is significantly increased in both lines, as are levels of active MARCKS. Intriguingly, despite having significantly reduced levels of γ-Pcdh proteins, the PcdhgCTD mutation yields the strongest phenotype, with even heterozygous mutants exhibiting increased arborization. The present study confirms that phosphorylation of a shared C-terminal motif is a key γ-Pcdh negative regulation point and contributes to a converging understanding of γ-Pcdh family function in which distinct roles are played by both individual isoforms and discrete protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Hanes
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kar Men Mah
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David M Steffen
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Cathy M McLeod
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles G Marcucci
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Leah C Fuller
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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2
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Calabrese B, Halpain S. MARCKS and PI(4,5)P 2 reciprocally regulate actin-based dendritic spine morphology. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar23. [PMID: 38088877 PMCID: PMC10881156 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-09-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Myristoylated, alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is an F-actin and phospholipid binding protein implicated in numerous cellular activities, including the regulation of morphology in neuronal dendrites and dendritic spines. MARCKS contains a lysine-rich effector domain that mediates its binding to plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) in a manner controlled by PKC and calcium/calmodulin. In neurons, manipulations of MARCKS concentration and membrane targeting strongly affect the numbers, shapes, and F-actin properties of dendritic spines, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the effects of MARCKS on dendritic spine morphology are due to its capacity to regulate the availability of plasma membrane PI(4,5)P2. We observed that the concentration of free PI(4,5)P2 on the dendritic plasma membrane was inversely proportional to the concentration of MARCKS. Endogenous PI(4,5)P2 levels were increased or decreased, respectively, by acutely overexpressing either phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) or inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5ptase). PIP5K, like MARCKS depletion, induced severe spine shrinkage; 5ptase, like constitutively membrane-bound MARCKS, induced aberrant spine elongation. These phenotypes involved changes in actin properties driven by the F-actin severing protein cofilin. Collectively, these findings support a model in which neuronal activity regulates actin-dependent spine morphology through antagonistic interactions of MARCKS and PI(4,5)P2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Calabrese
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
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3
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Hanes CM, Mah KM, Steffen DM, Marcucci CG, Fuller LC, Burgess RW, Garrett AM, Weiner JA. A C-terminal motif containing a PKC phosphorylation site regulates γ-Protocadherin-mediated dendrite arborization in the cerebral cortex in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.25.577214. [PMID: 38328061 PMCID: PMC10849722 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.25.577214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The Pcdhg gene cluster encodes 22 γ-Protocadherin (γ-Pcdh) cell adhesion molecules that critically regulate multiple aspects of neural development, including neuronal survival, dendritic and axonal arborization, and synapse formation and maturation. Each γ-Pcdh isoform has unique protein domains-a homophilically-interacting extracellular domain and a juxtamembrane cytoplasmic domain-as well as a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain shared by all isoforms. The extent to which isoform-specific vs. shared domains regulate distinct γ-Pcdh functions remains incompletely understood. Our previous in vitro studies identified PKC phosphorylation of a serine residue within a shared C-terminal motif as a mechanism through which γ-Pcdh promotion of dendrite arborization via MARCKS is abrogated. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate two new mouse lines expressing only non-phosphorylatable γ-Pcdhs, due either to a serine-to-alanine mutation (PcdhgS/A) or to a 15-amino acid C-terminal deletion resulting from insertion of an early stop codon (PcdhgCTD). Both lines are viable and fertile, and the density and maturation of dendritic spines remains unchanged in both PcdhgS/A and PcdhgCTD cortex. Dendrite arborization of cortical pyramidal neurons, however, is significantly increased in both lines, as are levels of active MARCKS. Intriguingly, despite having significantly reduced levels of γ-Pcdh proteins, the PcdhgCTD mutation yields the strongest phenotype, with even heterozygous mutants exhibiting increased arborization. The present study confirms that phosphorylation of a shared C-terminal motif is a key γ-Pcdh negative regulation point, and contributes to a converging understanding of γ-Pcdh family function in which distinct roles are played by both individual isoforms and discrete protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M. Hanes
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kar Men Mah
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - David M. Steffen
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Charles G. Marcucci
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Leah C. Fuller
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | - Andrew M. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Joshua A. Weiner
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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4
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Lim CM, González Díaz A, Fuxreiter M, Pun FW, Zhavoronkov A, Vendruscolo M. Multiomic prediction of therapeutic targets for human diseases associated with protein phase separation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300215120. [PMID: 37774095 PMCID: PMC10556643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of protein phase separation (PPS) underlies a wide range of cellular functions. Correspondingly, the dysregulation of the PPS process has been associated with numerous human diseases. To enable therapeutic interventions based on the regulation of this association, possible targets should be identified. For this purpose, we present an approach that combines the multiomic PandaOmics platform with the FuzDrop method to identify PPS-prone disease-associated proteins. Using this approach, we prioritize candidates with high PandaOmics and FuzDrop scores using a profiling method that accounts for a wide range of parameters relevant for disease mechanism and pharmacological intervention. We validate the differential phase separation behaviors of three predicted Alzheimer's disease targets (MARCKS, CAMKK2, and p62) in two cell models of this disease. Overall, the approach that we present generates a list of possible therapeutic targets for human diseases associated with the dysregulation of the PPS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Lim
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia González Díaz
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Fuxreiter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova35131, Italy
| | - Frank W. Pun
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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5
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Enhanced activity of Alzheimer disease-associated variant of protein kinase Cα drives cognitive decline in a mouse model. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7200. [PMID: 36418293 PMCID: PMC9684486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exquisitely tuned activity of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes is essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Whereas loss-of-function mutations are generally associated with cancer, gain-of-function variants in one isozyme, PKCα, are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that the enhanced activity of one variant, PKCα M489V, is sufficient to rewire the brain phosphoproteome, drive synaptic degeneration, and impair cognition in a mouse model. This variant causes a modest 30% increase in catalytic activity without altering on/off activation dynamics or stability, underscoring that enhanced catalytic activity is sufficient to drive the biochemical, cellular, and ultimately cognitive effects observed. Analysis of hippocampal neurons from PKCα M489V mice reveals enhanced amyloid-β-induced synaptic depression and reduced spine density compared to wild-type mice. Behavioral studies reveal that this mutation alone is sufficient to impair cognition, and, when coupled to a mouse model of AD, further accelerates cognitive decline. The druggability of protein kinases positions PKCα as a promising therapeutic target in AD.
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6
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Calabrese B, Jones SL, Shiraishi-Yamaguchi Y, Lingelbach M, Manor U, Svitkina TM, Higgs HN, Shih AY, Halpain S. INF2-mediated actin filament reorganization confers intrinsic resilience to neuronal ischemic injury. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6037. [PMID: 36229429 PMCID: PMC9558009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During early ischemic brain injury, glutamate receptor hyperactivation mediates neuronal death via osmotic cell swelling. Here we show that ischemia and excess NMDA receptor activation cause actin to rapidly and extensively reorganize within the somatodendritic compartment. Normally, F-actin is concentrated within dendritic spines. However, <5 min after bath-applied NMDA, F-actin depolymerizes within spines and polymerizes into stable filaments within the dendrite shaft and soma. A similar actinification occurs after experimental ischemia in culture, and photothrombotic stroke in mouse. Following transient NMDA incubation, actinification spontaneously reverses. Na+, Cl-, water, and Ca2+ influx, and spine F-actin depolymerization are all necessary, but not individually sufficient, for actinification, but combined they induce activation of the F-actin polymerization factor inverted formin-2 (INF2). Silencing of INF2 renders neurons vulnerable to cell death and INF2 overexpression is protective. Ischemia-induced dendritic actin reorganization is therefore an intrinsic pro-survival response that protects neurons from death induced by cell edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Calabrese
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Steven L Jones
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4544, USA
| | | | - Michael Lingelbach
- Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4544, USA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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7
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Liu D, Zinski A, Mishra A, Noh H, Park GH, Qin Y, Olorife O, Park JM, Abani CP, Park JS, Fung J, Sawaqed F, Coyle JT, Stahl E, Bendl J, Fullard JF, Roussos P, Zhang X, Stanton PK, Yin C, Huang W, Kim HY, Won H, Cho JH, Chung S. Impact of schizophrenia GWAS loci converge onto distinct pathways in cortical interneurons vs glutamatergic neurons during development. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4218-4233. [PMID: 35701597 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable advances have been made in schizophrenia (SCZ) GWAS, but gleaning biological insight from these loci is challenging. Genetic influences on gene expression (e.g., eQTLs) are cell type-specific, but most studies that attempt to clarify GWAS loci's influence on gene expression have employed tissues with mixed cell compositions that can obscure cell-specific effects. Furthermore, enriched SCZ heritability in the fetal brain underscores the need to study the impact of SCZ risk loci in specific developing neurons. MGE-derived cortical interneurons (cINs) are consistently affected in SCZ brains and show enriched SCZ heritability in human fetal brains. We identified SCZ GWAS risk genes that are dysregulated in iPSC-derived homogeneous populations of developing SCZ cINs. These SCZ GWAS loci differential expression (DE) genes converge on the PKC pathway. Their disruption results in PKC hyperactivity in developing cINs, leading to arborization deficits. We show that the fine-mapped GWAS locus in the ATP2A2 gene of the PKC pathway harbors enhancer marks by ATACseq and ChIPseq, and regulates ATP2A2 expression. We also generated developing glutamatergic neurons (GNs), another population with enriched SCZ heritability, and confirmed their functionality after transplantation into the mouse brain. Then, we identified SCZ GWAS risk genes that are dysregulated in developing SCZ GNs. GN-specific SCZ GWAS loci DE genes converge on the ion transporter pathway, distinct from those for cINs. Disruption of the pathway gene CACNA1D resulted in deficits of Ca2+ currents in developing GNs, suggesting compromised neuronal function by GWAS loci pathway deficits during development. This study allows us to identify cell type-specific and developmental stage-specific mechanisms of SCZ risk gene function, and may aid in identifying mechanism-based novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Liu
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Amy Zinski
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Akanksha Mishra
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Haneul Noh
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Gun-Hoo Park
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Yiren Qin
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Oshoname Olorife
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - James M Park
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Chiderah P Abani
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Joy S Park
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Janice Fung
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Farah Sawaqed
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Joseph T Coyle
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Eli Stahl
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Patric K Stanton
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Changhong Yin
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Hae-Young Kim
- Department of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Hyejung Won
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jun-Hyeong Cho
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Sangmi Chung
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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8
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Seo J, Hwang H, Choi Y, Jung S, Hong JH, Yoon BJ, Rhim H, Park M. Myristoylation-dependent palmitoylation of cyclin Y modulates long-term potentiation and spatial learning. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 218:102349. [PMID: 36030931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many psychiatric disorders accompany deficits in cognitive functions and synaptic plasticity, and abnormal lipid modifications of neuronal proteins are associated with their pathophysiology. Lipid modifications, including palmitoylation and myristoylation, play crucial roles in the subcellular localization and trafficking of proteins. Cyclin Y (CCNY), enriched in the postsynaptic compartment, acts as an inhibitory modulator of functional and structural long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal neurons. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying CCNY-mediated inhibitory functions in the synapse remain largely unknown. Here, we report that myristoylation located CCNY to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and subsequent palmitoylation directed the myristoylated CCNY from the TGN to the synaptic cell surface. This myristoylation-dependent palmitoylation of CCNY was required for the inhibitory role of CCNY in excitatory synaptic transmission, activity-induced dynamics of AMPA receptors and PSD-95, LTP, and spatial learning. Furthermore, spatial learning significantly reduced palmitoyl- and myristoyl-CCNY levels, indicating that spatial learning lowers the synaptic abundance of CCNY. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how CCNY is clustered adjacent to postsynaptic sites where it could play its inhibitory roles in synaptic plasticity and spatial learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Seo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Jung
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Hong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Bong-June Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
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9
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Yu QS, Feng WQ, Shi LL, Niu RZ, Liu J. Integrated Analysis of Cortex Single-Cell Transcriptome and Serum Proteome Reveals the Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081022. [PMID: 36009085 PMCID: PMC9405865 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-based proteomic analysis is a routine practice for detecting the biomarkers of human disease. The results obtained from blood alone cannot fully reflect the alterations of nerve cells, including neurons and glia cells, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate novel potential AD biomarker candidates, through an integrated multi-omics approach in AD. We propose a comprehensive strategy to identify high-confidence candidate biomarkers by integrating multi-omics data from AD, including single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) datasets of the prefrontal and entorhinal cortices, as wells as serum proteomic datasets. We first quantified a total of 124,658 nuclei, 8 cell types, and 3701 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from snRNA-seq dataset of 30 human cortices, as well as 1291 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from serum proteomic dataset of 11 individuals. Then, ten DEGs/DEPs (NEBL, CHSY3, STMN2, MARCKS, VIM, FGD4, EPB41L2, PLEKHG1, PTPRZ1, and PPP1R14A) were identified by integration analysis of snRNA-seq and proteomics data. Finally, four novel candidate biomarkers (NEBL, EPB41L2, FGD4, and MARCKS) for AD further stood out, according to bioinformatics analysis, and they were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) verification. These candidate biomarkers are related to the regulation process of the actin cytoskeleton, which is involved in the regulation of synaptic loss in the AD brain tissue. Collectively, this study identified novel cell type-related biomarkers for AD by integrating multi-omics datasets from brains and serum. Our findings provided new targets for the clinical treatment and prognosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jia Liu
- Correspondence: (R.-Z.N.); (J.L.)
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10
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Hanuscheck N, Thalman C, Domingues M, Schmaul S, Muthuraman M, Hetsch F, Ecker M, Endle H, Oshaghi M, Martino G, Kuhlmann T, Bozek K, van Beers T, Bittner S, von Engelhardt J, Vogt J, Vogelaar CF, Zipp F. Interleukin-4 receptor signaling modulates neuronal network activity. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213227. [PMID: 35587822 PMCID: PMC9123307 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is emerging that immune responses not only play a part in the central nervous system (CNS) in diseases but may also be relevant for healthy conditions. We discovered a major role for the interleukin-4 (IL-4)/IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) signaling pathway in synaptic processes, as indicated by transcriptome analysis in IL-4Rα–deficient mice and human neurons with/without IL-4 treatment. Moreover, IL-4Rα is expressed presynaptically, and locally available IL-4 regulates synaptic transmission. We found reduced synaptic vesicle pools, altered postsynaptic currents, and a higher excitatory drive in cortical networks of IL-4Rα–deficient neurons. Acute effects of IL-4 treatment on postsynaptic currents in wild-type neurons were mediated via PKCγ signaling release and led to increased inhibitory activity supporting the findings in IL-4Rα–deficient neurons. In fact, the deficiency of IL-4Rα resulted in increased network activity in vivo, accompanied by altered exploration and anxiety-related learning behavior; general learning and memory was unchanged. In conclusion, neuronal IL-4Rα and its presynaptic prevalence appear relevant for maintaining homeostasis of CNS synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hanuscheck
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carine Thalman
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Samantha Schmaul
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Hetsch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Ecker
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko Endle
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohammadsaleh Oshaghi
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Bozek
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne; University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim van Beers
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Francisca Vogelaar
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Powers RM, Daza R, Koehler AE, Courchet J, Calabrese B, Hevner RF, Halpain S. Growth cone macropinocytosis of neurotrophin receptor and neuritogenesis are regulated by neuron navigator 1. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar64. [PMID: 35352947 PMCID: PMC9561856 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-12-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron navigator 1 (Nav1) is a cytoskeleton-associated protein expressed during brain development that is necessary for proper neuritogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that Nav1 is present in elongating axon tracts during mouse brain embryogenesis. We found that depletion of Nav1 in cultured neurons disrupts growth cone morphology and neurotrophin-stimulated neuritogenesis. In addition to regulating both F-actin and microtubule properties, Nav1 promotes actin-rich membrane ruffles in the growth cone and promotes macropinocytosis at those membrane ruffles, including internalization of the TrkB receptor for the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). Growth cone macropinocytosis is important for downstream signaling, neurite targeting, and membrane recycling, implicating Nav1 in one or more of these processes. Depletion of Nav1 also induces transient membrane blebbing via disruption of signaling in the Rho GTPase signaling pathway, supporting the novel role of Nav1 in dynamic actin-based membrane regulation at the cell periphery. These data demonstrate that Nav1 works at the interface of microtubules, actin, and plasma membrane to organize the cell periphery and promote uptake of growth and guidance cues to facilitate neural morphogenesis during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M. Powers
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ray Daza
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161
| | - Alanna E. Koehler
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161
| | - Julien Courchet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69008 Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Calabrese
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Robert F. Hevner
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037,*Address correspondence to: Shelley Halpain ()
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12
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Lordén G, Newton A. Conventional protein kinase C in the brain: repurposing cancer drugs for neurodegenerative treatment? Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20210036. [PMID: 34737895 PMCID: PMC8536831 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase C (PKC) isozymes are tightly regulated kinases that transduce a myriad of signals from receptor-mediated hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. They play an important role in brain physiology, and dysregulation of PKC activity is associated with neurodegeneration. Gain-of-function mutations in PKCα are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mutations in PKCγ cause spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 14 (SCA14). This article presents an overview of the role of the conventional PKCα and PKCγ in neurodegeneration and proposes repurposing PKC inhibitors, which failed in clinical trials for cancer, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Lordén
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - Alexandra C. Newton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
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13
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Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111697. [PMID: 34827695 PMCID: PMC8615865 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalization of the membrane is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks and spatially constrained biochemical functions in topographically defined areas. These membrane lateral heterogeneities range from nanoscopic dimensions, often involving only a few molecular constituents, to micron-sized mesoscopic domains resulting from the coalescence of nanodomains. Short-lived domains lasting for a few milliseconds coexist with more stable platforms lasting from minutes to days. This panoply of lateral domains subserves the great variety of demands of cell physiology, particularly high for those implicated in signaling. The dendritic spine, a subcellular structure of neurons at the receiving (postsynaptic) end of central nervous system excitatory synapses, exploits this compartmentalization principle. In its most frequent adult morphology, the mushroom-shaped spine harbors neurotransmitter receptors, enzymes, and scaffolding proteins tightly packed in a volume of a few femtoliters. In addition to constituting a mesoscopic lateral heterogeneity of the dendritic arborization, the dendritic spine postsynaptic membrane is further compartmentalized into spatially delimited nanodomains that execute separate functions in the synapse. This review discusses the functional relevance of compartmentalization and nanodomain organization in synaptic transmission and plasticity and exemplifies the importance of this parcelization in various neurotransmitter signaling systems operating at dendritic spines, using two fast ligand-gated ionotropic receptors, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the glutamatergic receptor, and a second-messenger G-protein coupled receptor, the cannabinoid receptor, as paradigmatic examples.
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14
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Woo E, Sansing LH, Arnsten AFT, Datta D. Chronic Stress Weakens Connectivity in the Prefrontal Cortex: Architectural and Molecular Changes. CHRONIC STRESS 2021; 5:24705470211029254. [PMID: 34485797 PMCID: PMC8408896 DOI: 10.1177/24705470211029254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to uncontrollable stress causes loss of spines and dendrites in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a recently evolved brain region that provides top-down regulation of thought, action, and emotion. PFC neurons generate top-down goals through recurrent excitatory connections on spines. This persistent firing is the foundation for higher cognition, including working memory, and abstract thought. However, exposure to acute uncontrollable stress drives high levels of catecholamine release in the PFC, which activates feedforward calcium-cAMP signaling pathways to open nearby potassium channels, rapidly weakening synaptic connectivity to reduce persistent firing. Chronic stress exposures can further exacerbate these signaling events leading to loss of spines and resulting in marked cognitive impairment. In this review, we discuss how stress signaling mechanisms can lead to spine loss, including changes to BDNF-mTORC1 signaling, calcium homeostasis, actin dynamics, and mitochondrial actions that engage glial removal of spines through inflammatory signaling. Stress signaling events may be amplified in PFC spines due to cAMP magnification of internal calcium release. As PFC dendritic spine loss is a feature of many cognitive disorders, understanding how stress affects the structure and function of the PFC will help to inform strategies for treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Woo
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren H Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dibyadeep Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Zhang G, Lai Z, Gu L, Xu K, Wang Z, Duan Y, Chen H, Zhang M, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Wang S. Delta Opioid Receptor Activation with Delta Opioid Peptide [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] Enkephalin Contributes to Synaptic Improvement in Rat Hippocampus against Global Ischemia. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211041585. [PMID: 34470528 PMCID: PMC8419564 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211041585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia induced by cardiac arrest usually leads to poor neurological outcomes. Numerous studies have focused on ways to prevent ischemic damage in the brain, however clinical therapies are still limited. Our previous studies revealed that delta opioid receptor (DOR) activation with [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE), a DOR agonist, not only significantly promotes neuronal survival on day 3, but also improves spatial memory deficits on days 5-9 after ischemia. However, the neurological mechanism underlying DADLE-induced cognitive recovery remains unclear. This study first examined the changes in neuronal survival in the CA1 region at the advanced time point (day 7) after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and found a significant amelioration of damaged CA1 neurons in the rats treated with DADLE (2.5 nmol) when administered at the onset of reperfusion. The structure and function of CA1 neurons on days 3 and 7 post-ischemia showed significant improvements in both the density of the injured dendritic spines and the basic transmission of the impaired CA3-CA1 synapses following DADLE treatment. The molecular changes involved in DADLE-mediated synaptic modulation on days 3 and 7 post-ischemia implied the time-related differential regulation of PKCα-MARCKS on the dendritic spine structure and of BDNF- ERK1/2-synapsin I on synaptic function, in response to ischemic/reperfusion injury as well as to DADLE treatment. Importantly, all the beneficial effects of DADLE on ischemia-induced cellular, synaptic, and molecular deficits were eliminated by the DOR inhibitor naltrindole (2.5 nmol). Taken together, this study suggested that DOR activation-induced protective signaling pathways of PKCα-MARCKS involved in the synaptic morphology and BDNF-ERK-synapsin I in synaptic transmission may be engaged in the cognitive recovery in rats suffering from advanced cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zelin Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lingling Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kejia Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhenlu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yale Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Huifen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital
| | - Min Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
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16
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Alimohamadi H, Bell MK, Halpain S, Rangamani P. Mechanical Principles Governing the Shapes of Dendritic Spines. Front Physiol 2021; 12:657074. [PMID: 34220531 PMCID: PMC8242199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.657074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, bulbous protrusions along the dendrites of neurons and are sites of excitatory postsynaptic activity. The morphology of spines has been implicated in their function in synaptic plasticity and their shapes have been well-characterized, but the potential mechanics underlying their shape development and maintenance have not yet been fully understood. In this work, we explore the mechanical principles that could underlie specific shapes using a minimal biophysical model of membrane-actin interactions. Using this model, we first identify the possible force regimes that give rise to the classic spine shapes-stubby, filopodia, thin, and mushroom-shaped spines. We also use this model to investigate how the spine neck might be stabilized using periodic rings of actin or associated proteins. Finally, we use this model to predict that the cooperation between force generation and ring structures can regulate the energy landscape of spine shapes across a wide range of tensions. Thus, our study provides insights into how mechanical aspects of actin-mediated force generation and tension can play critical roles in spine shape maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Alimohamadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Miriam K. Bell
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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17
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Ramaiah MJ, Kumar KR. mTOR-Rictor-EGFR axis in oncogenesis and diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4813-4835. [PMID: 34132942 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the aggressive brain cancers with patients having less survival period upto 12-15 months. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway and is involved in various cellular processes of cancer cells. Cancer metabolism is regulated by mTOR and its components. mTOR forms two complexes as mTORC1 and mTORC2. Studies have identified the key component of the mTORC2 complex, Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor) plays a prominent role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and metabolism. Apart, growth factor receptor signaling such as epidermal growth factor signaling mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates cancer-related processes. In EGFR signaling various other signaling cascades such as phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR pathway) and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) -dependent signaling cross-talk each other. From various studies about GBM, it is very well established that Rictor and EGFR mediated signaling pathways majorly playing a pivotal role in chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the EGFR and Rictor and sensitize the cells towards chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, understanding of microRNA mediated regulation of EGFR and Rictor will help in cancer prevention and management as well as a future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Rohil Kumar
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Simonetti A, Kurian S, Saxena J, Verrico CD, Soares JC, Sani G, Saxena K. Cognitive correlates of impulsive aggression in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder and bipolar offspring. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:387-396. [PMID: 33838473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) and offspring of individuals with BD (BD-OFF) are characterized by higher levels of impulsive and overt aggression. The cognitive basis underlying these aggressive behaviors are not clarified in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive alterations and aggressive behavior in youth with BD and BD-OFF. METHODS Forty-two youth with BD, 17 BD-OFF and 57 healthy controls (HCs) were administered the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS), the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed in the three groups separately. In each group, tests scores from the CANTAB were predictors. MOAS subscale scores and MOAS total scores were dependent variables. Results are corrected for age, IQ and mood state. RESULTS Both youth with BD and BD-OFF showed positive correlations between impairment in executive functions and levels of verbal aggression. In youth with BD, altered processing of either positive and negative stimuli positively correlated with MOAS total scores, whereas in BD-OFF, such relationship was negative. CONCLUSIONS Impulsive aggressive behaviors in youth with BD arise from a combination of altered affective processing and executive dysfunction. The negative relationship between affective processing and aggression in BD-OFF suggested the presence of possible mechanisms of resilience in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Italy; Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sherin Kurian
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Johanna Saxena
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Christopher D Verrico
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Okazawa H. Intracellular amyloid hypothesis for ultra-early phase pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathology 2021; 41:93-98. [PMID: 33876503 PMCID: PMC8251586 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using a new marker of necrosis, pSer46‐MARCKS, which was identified by comprehensive phosphoproteome analysis as a phosphoprotein changed before appearance of extracellular amyloid aggregation, we discovered that neuronal necrosis occurs much earlier in Alzheimer's disease pathology than previously expected. The necrosis is induced by intracellular amyloid accumulation that deprives a critical effector molecule, Yes‐associated protein (YAP), in the Hippo signaling pathway that is essential for cell survival, similarly to TRIAD necrosis observed in transcriptional repression and in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease. The initial TRIAD necrosis due to the intracellular amyloid releases HMGB1 into extracellular space and induces cluster of secondary necrosis around the primary necrotic neurons. Finally, the cluster grows into extracellular amyloid plaque. Inhibition of HMGB1 by anti‐HMGB1 antibody prevents expansion of neurodegeneration. Administration even after onset significantly ameliorates the cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease model mice. Our results present a new theory of Alzheimer's disease pathology, which can be referred to as the “intracellular amyloid hypothesis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Nourbakhsh K, Yadav S. Kinase Signaling in Dendritic Development and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:624648. [PMID: 33642997 PMCID: PMC7902504 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.624648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrites undergo extensive growth and remodeling during their lifetime. Specification of neurites into dendrites is followed by their arborization, maturation, and functional integration into synaptic networks. Each of these distinct developmental processes is spatially and temporally controlled in an exquisite fashion. Protein kinases through their highly specific substrate phosphorylation regulate dendritic growth and plasticity. Perturbation of kinase function results in aberrant dendritic growth and synaptic function. Not surprisingly, kinase dysfunction is strongly associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Herein, we review, (a) key kinase pathways that regulate dendrite structure, function and plasticity, (b) how aberrant kinase signaling contributes to dendritic dysfunction in neurological disorders and (c) emergent technologies that can be applied to dissect the role of protein kinases in dendritic structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Smita Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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21
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He Y, Xu B, Chen Y, Liu L, Xu L, Chen Y, Long D. Early-life adversity selectively interrupts the dendritic differentiation of dorsolateral striatal neurons in male mice. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:397-414. [PMID: 33386419 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of early-life adversity (ELA) on dendritic differentiation of striatal neurons were investigated in the dorsal striatum including the dorsomedial striatum and dorsolateral striatum (DMS and DLS, respectively). An animal model of ELA was created by changing the growth environment of newborn mouse pups by giving limited bedding and nesting materials from postnatal day 2 to day 9 (P2-P9). One week after the stress paradigm (P16), the dendritic branches and spines of striatal spiny neurons as well as the synapses represented by postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in DMS and DLS were stereologically analyzed. Adverse experience in early life selectively affected the spiny neurons in DLS, leading to abundant proximal dendritic branches and an increased number of filopodia-like protrusions, but a reduced number of dendritic spines. The selective effects of stress on neurons in DLS were further identified by reduced expression of PSD-95, including a reduced optical density of PSD-95 immunoreactivity and fewer individual PSD-95 immunoreactive synapses in this region. Notably, stress in early life affected either D1 or D2 dopamine receptor-expressing DLS neurons. These findings suggest that adverse early-life experience delayed the maturation of dendritic spines on neurons in the dorsolateral striatum. Altered dendritic differentiation provoked by stress in early life may contribute critically to the formation of proper neuronal circuits in the dorsal striatum and, therefore, affect striatum-dependent habitual behavior and emotional function later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun He
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434023, China
| | - Benke Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434023, China.,Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434020, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Medical Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434023, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Lab of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yuncai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Dahong Long
- Key Lab of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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22
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Chung D, Shum A, Caraveo G. GAP-43 and BASP1 in Axon Regeneration: Implications for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567537. [PMID: 33015061 PMCID: PMC7494789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) regulate actin dynamics and presynaptic vesicle cycling at axon terminals, thereby facilitating axonal growth, regeneration, and plasticity. These functions highly depend on changes in GAP-43 and BASP1 expression levels and post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Interestingly, examinations of GAP-43 and BASP1 in neurodegenerative diseases reveal alterations in their expression and phosphorylation profiles. This review provides an overview of the structural properties, regulations, and functions of GAP-43 and BASP1, highlighting their involvement in neural injury response and regeneration. By discussing GAP-43 and BASP1 in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, we also explore the therapeutic potential of modulating their activities to compensate for neuron loss in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daayun Chung
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Shum
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gabriela Caraveo
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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23
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Pan R, Tang X, Wang H, Huang Y, Huang K, Ling S, Zhou M, Cai J, Chen H, Huang Y. The Combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Ligustrazine Protects Against Thrombolysis-Induced Hemorrhagic Transformation Through PKCδ/Marcks Pathway in Cerebral Ischemia Rats. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720946020. [PMID: 32749163 PMCID: PMC7563031 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720946020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (Ast) and ligustrazine (Lig) have a
protective effect on lower hemorrhagic transformation induced by pharmaceutical
thrombolysis. The cerebral ischemia rat model was induced with autologous blood
clot injections. A combination of Ast and Lig, or a protein kinase C delta
(PKCδ) inhibitor—rottlerin, or a combination of Ast, Lig, and rottlerin was
administered immediately after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
injection. The cerebral infarct area, neurological deficits, cerebral hemorrhage
status, neuronal damage and tight junctions’ changes in cerebral vessels, and
the messenger RNA and protein levels of PKCδ, myristoylated alanine-rich C
kinase substrate (Marcks), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) were determined
after 3 h and 24 h of thrombolysis. The ultrastructure of the neuronal damage
and tight junctions was examined under a transmission electron microscope. The
expression levels of PKCδ, Marcks, and MMP9 were assessed by
immunohistochemistry, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction . Administration of Ast and Lig not only significantly decreased
neurological deficit scores, infarct volumes, and cerebral hemorrhage but also
inhibited the disruption due to neuronal dysfunction and the tight junction
integrity in the cerebral vessel. Treatment with a combination of Ast and Lig
effectively protected ischemia-induced microhemorrhage transformation through
PKCδ/Marcks pathway suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Xialin Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingchao Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Encephalopathy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Encephalopathy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Tanaka H, Homma H, Fujita K, Kondo K, Yamada S, Jin X, Waragai M, Ohtomo G, Iwata A, Tagawa K, Atsuta N, Katsuno M, Tomita N, Furukawa K, Saito Y, Saito T, Ichise A, Shibata S, Arai H, Saido T, Sudol M, Muramatsu SI, Okano H, Mufson EJ, Sobue G, Murayama S, Okazawa H. YAP-dependent necrosis occurs in early stages of Alzheimer's disease and regulates mouse model pathology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:507. [PMID: 31980612 PMCID: PMC6981281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing and characteristics of neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain largely unknown. Here we examine AD mouse models with an original marker, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate phosphorylated at serine 46 (pSer46-MARCKS), and reveal an increase of neuronal necrosis during pre-symptomatic phase and a subsequent decrease during symptomatic phase. Postmortem brains of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) rather than symptomatic AD patients reveal a remarkable increase of necrosis. In vivo imaging reveals instability of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in mouse AD models and genome-edited human AD iPS cell-derived neurons. The level of nuclear Yes-associated protein (YAP) is remarkably decreased in such neurons under AD pathology due to the sequestration into cytoplasmic amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates, supporting the feature of YAP-dependent necrosis. Suppression of early-stage neuronal death by AAV-YAPdeltaC reduces the later-stage extracellular Aβ burden and cognitive impairment, suggesting that preclinical/prodromal YAP-dependent neuronal necrosis represents a target for AD therapeutics. The precise mechanisms of neuronal cell death in neurodegeneration are not fully understood. Here the authors show that YAP-mediated neuronal necrosis is increased in pre-symptomatic stages of Alzheimer’s disease and intervention to the necrosis rescues extracellular Aβ aggregation and symptoms in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Tanaka
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidenori Homma
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kyota Fujita
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kanoh Kondo
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamada
- Shino-Test Corporation, 2-29-14, Ohino-dai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0331, Japan
| | - Xiaocen Jin
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Department of Neurology, Higashi Matsudo Municipal Hospital, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2222, Japan
| | - Gaku Ohtomo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Atsuta
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Tomita
- Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Furukawa
- Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higahsi-machi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ichise
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Marius Sudol
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Li School of Medicine, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Department of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0496, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Brain Bank for Aging Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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25
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Karouzaki S, Peta C, Tsirimonaki E, Mangoura D. PKCε-dependent H-Ras activation encompasses the recruitment of the RasGEF SOS1 and of the RasGAP neurofibromin in the lipid rafts of embryonic neurons. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104582. [PMID: 31629778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The spatial organization of plasma membrane proteins is a key factor in the generation of distinct signal outputs, especially for PKC/Ras/ERK signalling. Regulation of activation of the membrane-bound Ras, critical for neuronal differentiation and highly specialized functions, is controlled by exchanges in nucleotides catalyzed by nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for GTP loading and Ras activation, and by Ras GTPase Activated Proteins (RasGAPs) that lead to activation of the intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras and thus its inactivation. PKCs are potent Ras activators yet the mechanistic details of these interactions, or the involvement of specific PKC isoforms are now beginning to be addressed. Even less known is the topology where RasGAPs terminate Ras activation. Towards this aim, we isolated lipid rafts from chick embryo neural tissue and primary neuronal cultures when PKCε is the prominent isoform and in combination with in vitro kinase assays, we now show that, in response the PKCε-specific activating peptide ψεRACK, an activated PKCε is recruited to lipid rafts; similar mobility was established when PKCε was physiologically activated with the Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) agonist methanandamide. Activation of H-Ras for both agents was then established for the first time using in vivo RasGAP activity assays, which showed similar temporal profiles of activation and lateral mobility. Moreover, we found that the GEF SOS1, and the major neuronal RasGAP neurofibromin, a specific PKCε substrate, were both transiently significantly enriched in the rafts. Finally, our in silico analysis revealed a highly probable, conserved palmitoylation site adjacent to a CARC motif on neurofibromin, both of which are included only in the RasGAP related domain type I (GRDI) with the known high H-RasGAP activity. Taken together, these results suggest that PKCε activation regulates the spatial plasma membrane enrichments of both SOS1 and neurofibromin, thus controlling the output of activated H-Ras available for downstream signalling in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Karouzaki
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Charoula Peta
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Emmanouella Tsirimonaki
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitra Mangoura
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou, Athens, 11527, Greece.
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26
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Dal-Pont GC, Resende WR, Bianchini G, Gava FF, Peterle BR, Trajano KS, Varela RB, Quevedo J, Valvassori SS. Tamoxifen has an anti-manic effect but not protect the brain against oxidative stress in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 113:181-189. [PMID: 30981159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress in the physiopathology of bipolar disorder. Preclinical data have shown that PKC inhibitors may act as mood-stabilizing agents and protect the brain in animal models of mania. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Lithium (Li) or tamoxifen (TMX) on behavioral changes and oxidative stress parameters in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain (OUA). Wistar rats received a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of OUA or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). From the day following ICV injection, the rats were treated for seven days with intraperitoneal injections of saline, Li or TMX twice a day. On the 7th day after OUA injection, locomotor activity was measured using the open-field test, and the oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats. The results showed that OUA induced hyperactivity in rats, which is considered a manic-like behavior. Also, OUA increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to proteins, as well as causing alterations to antioxidant enzymes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. The Li or TMX treatment reversed the manic-like behavior induced by OUA. Besides, Li, but not TMX, reversed the oxidative damage caused by OUA. These results suggest that the manic-like effects induced by OUA and the antimanic effects of TMX seem not to be related to the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C Dal-Pont
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Wilson R Resende
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bianchini
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gava
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna R Peterle
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Kerolen S Trajano
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger B Varela
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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27
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Direct Reprogramming of Human Neurons Identifies MARCKSL1 as a Pathogenic Mediator of Valproic Acid-Induced Teratogenicity. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:103-119.e6. [PMID: 31155484 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells can be rapidly converted into functional neurons by ectopic expression of proneural transcription factors. Here we show that directly reprogrammed neurons, despite their rapid maturation kinetics, can model teratogenic mechanisms that specifically affect early neurodevelopment. We delineated distinct phases of in vitro maturation during reprogramming of human neurons and assessed the cellular phenotypes of valproic acid (VPA), a teratogenic drug. VPA exposure caused chronic impairment of dendritic morphology and functional properties of developing neurons, but not those of mature neurons. These pathogenic effects were associated with VPA-mediated inhibition of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathways, which caused transcriptional downregulation of many genes, including MARCKSL1, an actin-stabilizing protein essential for dendritic morphogenesis and synapse maturation during early neurodevelopment. Our findings identify a developmentally restricted pathogenic mechanism of VPA and establish the use of reprogrammed neurons as an effective platform for modeling teratogenic pathways.
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28
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Datta D, Arnsten AFT. Loss of Prefrontal Cortical Higher Cognition with Uncontrollable Stress: Molecular Mechanisms, Changes with Age, and Relevance to Treatment. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9050113. [PMID: 31108855 PMCID: PMC6562841 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly evolved prefrontal cortex (PFC) generates goals for "top-down" control of behavior, thought, and emotion. However, these circuits are especially vulnerable to uncontrollable stress, with powerful, intracellular mechanisms that rapidly take the PFC "off-line." High levels of norepinephrine and dopamine released during stress engage α1-AR and D1R, which activate feedforward calcium-cAMP signaling pathways that open nearby potassium channels to weaken connectivity and reduce PFC cell firing. Sustained weakening with chronic stress leads to atrophy of dendrites and spines. Understanding these signaling events helps to explain the increased susceptibility of the PFC to stress pathology during adolescence, when dopamine expression is increased in the PFC, and with advanced age, when the molecular "brakes" on stress signaling are diminished by loss of phosphodiesterases. These mechanisms have also led to pharmacological treatments for stress-related disorders, including guanfacine treatment of childhood trauma, and prazosin treatment of veterans and civilians with post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyadeep Datta
- Department Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Department Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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29
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Yang P, Xu C, Reece EA, Chen X, Zhong J, Zhan M, Stumpo DJ, Blackshear PJ, Yang P. Tip60- and sirtuin 2-regulated MARCKS acetylation and phosphorylation are required for diabetic embryopathy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:282. [PMID: 30655546 PMCID: PMC6336777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of neural tube closure results in severe birth defects and can be induced by high glucose levels resulting from maternal diabetes. MARCKS is required for neural tube closure, but the regulation and of its biological activity and function have remained elusive. Here, we show that high maternal glucose induced MARCKS acetylation at lysine 165 by the acetyltransferase Tip60, which is a prerequisite for its phosphorylation, whereas Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) deacetylated MARCKS. Phosphorylated MARCKS dissociates from organelles, leading to mitochondrial abnormalities and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Phosphorylation dead MARCKS (PD-MARCKS) reversed maternal diabetes-induced cellular organelle stress, apoptosis and delayed neurogenesis in the neuroepithelium and ameliorated neural tube defects. Restoring SIRT2 expression in the developing neuroepithelium exerted identical effects as those of PD-MARCKS. Our studies reveal a new regulatory mechanism for MARCKS acetylation and phosphorylation that disrupts neurulation under diabetic conditions by diminishing the cellular organelle protective effect of MARCKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Min Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA.
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30
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficiency and Progressive Neuropathology in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Translational Evidence and Candidate Mechanisms. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2019; 27:94-107. [PMID: 30633010 PMCID: PMC6411441 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analytic evidence indicates that mood and psychotic disorders are associated with both omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFA) deficits and progressive regional gray and white matter pathology. Although the association between omega-3 PUFA insufficiency and progressive neuropathological processes remains speculative, evidence from translational research suggests that omega-3 PUFA insufficiency may represent a plausible and modifiable risk factor not only for enduring neurodevelopmental abnormalities in brain structure and function, but also for increased vulnerability to neurodegenerative processes. Recent evidence from human neuroimaging studies suggests that lower omega-3 PUFA intake/status is associated with accelerated gray matter atrophy in healthy middle-aged and elderly adults, particularly in brain regions consistently implicated in mood and psychotic disorders, including the amygdala, anterior cingulate, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and temporal cortex. Human neuroimaging evidence also suggests that both low omega-3 PUFA intake/status and psychiatric disorders are associated with reductions in white matter microstructural integrity and increased rates of white matter hyperintensities. Preliminary evidence suggests that increasing omega-3 PUFA status is protective against gray matter atrophy and deficits in white matter microstructural integrity in patients with mood and psychotic disorders. Plausible mechanisms mediating this relationship include elevated pro-inflammatory signaling, increased synaptic regression, and reductions in cerebral perfusion. Together these associations encourage additional neuroimaging research to directly investigate whether increasing omega-3 PUFA status can mitigate neuropathological processes in patients with, or at high risk for, psychiatric disorders.
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Developmental protein kinase C hyper-activation results in microcephaly and behavioral abnormalities in zebrafish. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:232. [PMID: 30352990 PMCID: PMC6199330 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptible genetic polymorphisms and altered expression levels of protein kinase C (PKC)-encoding genes suggest overactivation of PKC in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) development. To delineate the pathological role of PKC, we pharmacologically stimulated its activity during the early development of zebrafish. Results demonstrated that PKC hyper-activation perturbs zebrafish development and induces a long-lasting head size deficit. The anatomical and cellular analysis revealed reduced neural precursor proliferation and newborn neuron formation. β-Catenin that is essential for brain growth is dramatically degraded. Stabilization of β-catenin by gsk3β inhibition partially restores the head size deficit. In addition, the neuropathogenic effect of developmental PKC hyper-activation was further supported by the alterations in the behavioral domain including motor abnormalities, heightened stress reactivity and impaired habituation learning. Taken together, by causally connecting early-life PKC hyper-activation to these neuropathological traits and the impaired neurogenesis, these results suggest that PKC could be a critical pathway in ASD pathogenesis.
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Ser46-Phosphorylated MARCKS Is a Marker of Neurite Degeneration at the Pre-aggregation Stage in PD/DLB Pathology. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0217-18. [PMID: 30225354 PMCID: PMC6140116 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0217-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) reflects neurite degeneration at the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), before extracellular Aβ aggregates are histologically detectable. Here, we demonstrate that similar changes in MARCKS occur in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) pathologies in both mouse models and human patients. The increase in the level of pSer46-MARCKS began before α-synuclein aggregate formation, at a time when human α-Syn-BAC-Tg/GBA-hetero-KO mice exhibited no symptoms, and was sustained during aging, consistent with the pattern in human postmortem brains. The results strongly imply a common mechanism of pre-aggregation neurite degeneration in AD and PD/DLB pathologies.
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MARCKS regulates neuritogenesis and interacts with a CDC42 signaling network. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13278. [PMID: 30185885 PMCID: PMC6125478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the process of neuronal differentiation, newly born neurons change from simple, spherical cells to complex, sprawling cells with many highly branched processes. One of the first stages in this process is neurite initiation, wherein cytoskeletal modifications facilitate membrane protrusion and extension from the cell body. Hundreds of actin modulators and microtubule-binding proteins are known to be involved in this process, but relatively little is known about how upstream regulators bring these complex networks together at discrete locations to produce neurites. Here, we show that Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) participates in this process. Marcks−/− cortical neurons extend fewer neurites and have less complex neurite arborization patterns. We use an in vitro proteomics screen to identify MARCKS interactors in developing neurites and characterize an interaction between MARCKS and a CDC42-centered network. While the presence of MARCKS does not affect whole brain levels of activated or total CDC42, we propose that MARCKS is uniquely positioned to regulate CDC42 localization and interactions within specialized cellular compartments, such as nascent neurites.
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Effects of NMDAR Antagonist on the Regulation of P-MARCKS Protein to Aβ 1-42 Oligomers Induced Neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2008-2015. [PMID: 30155805 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known neurodegenerative disease. Deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) oligomers plays a crucial role in the disease progression. Previous studies showed that toxicity induced by Aβ oligomers in cultured neurons and adult rat brain was partially mediated by activation of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). Additionally, memantine, a noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist, can significantly improve cognitive functions in some AD patients. However, little is currently known about the potential role of NMDAR antagonist on the regulation of P-MARCKS protein to Aβ1-42 oligomers induced neurotoxicity. The protective effect and mechanism of NMDAR antagonist on primary neurons exposed to Aβ1-42 oligomers were investigated in the study. We have defined that the Aβ1-42 treatment decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. Moreover, Aβ1-42 oligomers exposure increased P-MARCKS and PIP2 expressions, while decreased SYP expression. However, NMDAR antagonist pretreatment ameliorates Aβ1-42 oligomers induced neuronal apoptosis and partially reverses the expression of P-MARCKS, PIP2 and SYP. In conclusion, NMDAR antagonist may ameliorate neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42 oligomers through reducing neuronal apoptosis and protecting synaptic plasticity in rat primary neurons. The mechanism involved may be mediated by the variation of protein P-MARCKS.
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Sarajärvi T, Jäntti M, Paldanius KMA, Natunen T, Wu JC, Mäkinen P, Tarvainen I, Tuominen RK, Talman V, Hiltunen M. Protein kinase C -activating isophthalate derivatives mitigate Alzheimer's disease-related cellular alterations. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:76-88. [PMID: 30138694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal protein kinase C (PKC) function contributes to many pathophysiological processes relevant for Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. Phorbol esters and other PKC activators have been demonstrated to enhance the secretion of soluble APPα (sAPPα), reduce the levels of β-amyloid (Aβ), induce synaptogenesis, and promote neuroprotection. We have previously described isophthalate derivatives as a structurally simple family of PKC activators. Here, we characterised the effects of isophthalate derivatives HMI-1a3 and HMI-1b11 on neuronal viability, neuroinflammatory response, processing of APP and dendritic spine density and morphology in in vitro. HMI-1a3 increased the viability of embryonic primary cortical neurons and decreased the production of the pro-inflammatory mediator TNFα, but not that of nitric oxide, in mouse neuron-BV2 microglia co-cultures upon LPS- and IFN-γ-induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, both HMI-1a3 and HMI-1b11 increased the levels of sAPPα relative to total sAPP and the ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40 in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Finally, bryostatin-1, but not HMI-1a3, increased the number of mushroom spines in proportion to total spine density in mature mouse hippocampal neuron cultures. These results suggest that the PKC activator HMI-1a3 exerts neuroprotective functions in the in vitro models relevant for AD by reducing the production of TNFα and increasing the secretion of neuroprotective sAPPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sarajärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Jäntti
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K M A Paldanius
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J C Wu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P Mäkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - I Tarvainen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R K Tuominen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - V Talman
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Schätzle P, Esteves da Silva M, Tas RP, Katrukha EA, Hu HY, Wierenga CJ, Kapitein LC, Hoogenraad CC. Activity-Dependent Actin Remodeling at the Base of Dendritic Spines Promotes Microtubule Entry. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2081-2093.e6. [PMID: 29910073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In neurons, microtubules form dense bundles and run along the length of axons and dendrites. Occasionally, dendritic microtubules can grow from the shaft directly into dendritic spines. Microtubules target dendritic spines that are undergoing activity-dependent changes, but the mechanism by which microtubules enter spines has remained poorly understood. Using live-cell imaging, high-resolution microscopy, and local glutamate uncaging, we show that local actin remodeling at the base of a spine promotes microtubule spine targeting. Microtubule spine entry is triggered by activation of N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors and calcium influx and requires dynamic actin remodeling. Activity-dependent translocation of the actin remodeling protein cortactin out of the spine correlates with increased microtubule targeting at a single spine level. Our data show that the structural changes in the actin cytoskeleton at the base of the spine are directly involved in microtubule entry and emphasize the importance of actin-microtubule crosstalk in orchestrating synapse function and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schätzle
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Esteves da Silva
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick P Tas
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hai Yin Hu
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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El Amri M, Fitzgerald U, Schlosser G. MARCKS and MARCKS-like proteins in development and regeneration. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:43. [PMID: 29788979 PMCID: PMC5964646 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C-kinase Substrate (MARCKS) and MARCKS-like protein 1 (MARCKSL1) have a wide range of functions, ranging from roles in embryonic development to adult brain plasticity and the inflammatory response. Recently, both proteins have also been identified as important players in regeneration. Upon phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC) or calcium-dependent calmodulin-binding, MARCKS and MARCKSL1 translocate from the membrane into the cytosol, modulating cytoskeletal actin dynamics and vesicular trafficking and activating various signal transduction pathways. As a consequence, the two proteins are involved in the regulation of cell migration, secretion, proliferation and differentiation in many different tissues. MAIN BODY Throughout vertebrate development, MARCKS and MARCKSL1 are widely expressed in tissues derived from all germ layers, with particularly strong expression in the nervous system. They have been implicated in the regulation of gastrulation, myogenesis, brain development, and other developmental processes. Mice carrying loss of function mutations in either Marcks or Marcksl1 genes die shortly after birth due to multiple deficiencies including detrimental neural tube closure defects. In adult vertebrates, MARCKS and MARCKL1 continue to be important for multiple regenerative processes including peripheral nerve, appendage, and tail regeneration, making them promising targets for regenerative medicine. CONCLUSION This review briefly summarizes the molecular interactions and cellular functions of MARCKS and MARCKSL1 proteins and outlines their vital roles in development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Amri
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Una Fitzgerald
- Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Natural Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerhard Schlosser
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland. .,School of Natural Sciences and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland, Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland.
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38
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Johnson KW, Herold KF, Milner TA, Hemmings HC, Platholi J. Sodium channel subtypes are differentially localized to pre- and post-synaptic sites in rat hippocampus. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3563-3578. [PMID: 28758202 PMCID: PMC5927368 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav ) modulate neuronal excitability, but the roles of the various Nav subtypes in specific neuronal functions such as synaptic transmission are unclear. We investigated expression of the three major brain Nav subtypes (Nav 1.1, Nav 1.2, Nav 1.6) in area CA1 and dentate gyrus of rat hippocampus. Using light and electron microscopy, we found labeling for all three Nav subtypes on dendrites, dendritic spines, and axon terminals, but the proportion of pre- and post-synaptic labeling for each subtype varied within and between subregions of CA1 and dentate gyrus. In the central hilus (CH) of the dentate gyrus, Nav 1.1 immunoreactivity was selectively expressed in presynaptic profiles, while Nav 1.2 and Nav 1.6 were expressed both pre- and post-synaptically. In contrast, in the stratum radiatum (SR) of CA1, Nav 1.1, Nav 1.2, and Nav 1.6 were selectively expressed in postsynaptic profiles. We next compared differences in Nav subtype expression between CH and SR axon terminals and between CH and SR dendrites and spines. Nav 1.1 and Nav 1.2 immunoreactivity was preferentially localized to CH axon terminals compared to SR, and in SR dendrites and spines compared to CH. No differences in Nav 1.6 immunoreactivity were found between axon terminals of CH and SR or between dendrites and spines of CH and SR. All Nav subtypes in both CH and SR were preferentially associated with asymmetric synapses rather than symmetric synapses. These findings indicate selective presynaptic and postsynaptic Nav expression in glutamatergic synapses of CH and SR supporting neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl F. Herold
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, NY NY
| | - Hugh C. Hemmings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jimcy Platholi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Dao CV, Shiraishi M, Miyamoto A. The MARCKS protein amount is differently regulated by calpain during toxic effects of methylmercury between SH-SY5Y and EA.hy926 cells. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1931-1938. [PMID: 29046508 PMCID: PMC5745167 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental pollutant that shows severe toxicity to humans and animals. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating MeHg toxicity are not completely understood. We have previously reported that the MARCKS protein is involved in the MeHg toxicity to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and EA.hy926 vascular endothelial cell lines. In addition, calpain, a Ca2+-dependent protease, is suggested to be associated with the MeHg toxicity. Because MARCKS is known as a substrate of calpain, we studied the relation between calpain activation and cleavage of MARCKS and its role in MeHg toxicity. In SH-SY5Y cells, MeHg decreased cell viability along with increased calcium mobilization, calpain activation and a decrease in MARCKS amounts. However, pretreatment with calpain inhibitors attenuated the decrease in cell viability and MARCKS amount induced only by 1 µM but not by 3 µM MeHg. In cells with a MARCKS knockdown, calpain inhibitors failed to attenuate the decrease in cell viability caused by MeHg. In EA.hy926 cells, although MeHg caused calcium mobilization and a decrease in MARCKS levels, calpain activation was not observed. These results indicate that the participation of calpain in the regulation of MARCKS amounts is dependent on the cell type and concentration of MeHg. In SH-SY5Y cells, calpain-mediated proteolysis of MARCKS is involved in cytotoxicity induced by a low concentration of MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Van Dao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Group 10, Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Mitsuya Shiraishi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyamoto
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Saxena A, Scaini G, Bavaresco DV, Leite C, Valvassori SS, Carvalho AF, Quevedo J. Role of Protein Kinase C in Bipolar Disorder: A Review of the Current Literature. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 3:108-124. [PMID: 29230399 DOI: 10.1159/000480349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major health problem. It causes significant morbidity and imposes a burden on the society. Available treatments help a substantial proportion of patients but are not beneficial for an estimated 40-50%. Thus, there is a great need to further our understanding the pathophysiology of BD to identify new therapeutic avenues. The preponderance of evidence pointed towards a role of protein kinase C (PKC) in BD. We reviewed the literature pertinent to the role of PKC in BD. We present recent advances from preclinical and clinical studies that further support the role of PKC. Moreover, we discuss the role of PKC on synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity in the context of BD. The recent development of animal models of BD, such as stimulant-treated and paradoxical sleep deprivation, and the ability to intervene pharmacologically provide further insights into the involvement of PKC in BD. In addition, the effect of PKC inhibitors, such as tamoxifen, in the resolution of manic symptoms in patients with BD further points in that direction. Furthermore, a wide variety of growth factors influence neurotransmission through several molecular pathways that involve downstream effects of PKC. Our current understanding identifies the PKC pathway as a potential therapeutic avenue for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Saxena
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniela V Bavaresco
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Camila Leite
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Probing the lithium-response pathway in hiPSCs implicates the phosphoregulatory set-point for a cytoskeletal modulator in bipolar pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4462-E4471. [PMID: 28500272 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is poorly understood. Using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to unravel such mechanisms in polygenic diseases is generally challenging. However, hiPSCs from BPD patients responsive to lithium offered unique opportunities to discern lithium's target and hence gain molecular insight into BPD. By profiling the proteomics of BDP-hiPSC-derived neurons, we found that lithium alters the phosphorylation state of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2). Active nonphosphorylated CRMP2, which binds cytoskeleton, is present throughout the neuron; inactive phosphorylated CRMP2, which dissociates from cytoskeleton, exits dendritic spines. CRMP2 elimination yields aberrant dendritogenesis with diminished spine density and lost lithium responsiveness (LiR). The "set-point" for the ratio of pCRMP2:CRMP2 is elevated uniquely in hiPSC-derived neurons from LiR BPD patients, but not with other psychiatric (including lithium-nonresponsive BPD) and neurological disorders. Lithium (and other pathway modulators) lowers pCRMP2, increasing spine area and density. Human BPD brains show similarly elevated ratios and diminished spine densities; lithium therapy normalizes the ratios and spines. Consistent with such "spine-opathies," human LiR BPD neurons with abnormal ratios evince abnormally steep slopes for calcium flux; lithium normalizes both. Behaviorally, transgenic mice that reproduce lithium's postulated site-of-action in dephosphorylating CRMP2 emulate LiR in BPD. These data suggest that the "lithium response pathway" in BPD governs CRMP2's phosphorylation, which regulates cytoskeletal organization, particularly in spines, modulating neural networks. Aberrations in the posttranslational regulation of this developmentally critical molecule may underlie LiR BPD pathogenesis. Instructively, examining the proteomic profile in hiPSCs of a functional agent-even one whose mechanism-of-action is unknown-might reveal otherwise inscrutable intracellular pathogenic pathways.
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Lim CS, Alkon DL. Inhibition of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 modulates dendritic arborization and spine maturation of cultured hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6402-6413. [PMID: 28264928 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms in synapse formation provides insight into both learning and memory and the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) is a protein methyltransferase that negatively regulates synaptic gene expression and inhibits neuronal differentiation. Despite its regulatory function in neurons, little is known about the CARM1 cellular location and its role in dendritic maturation and synapse formation. Here, we examined the effects of CARM1 inhibition on dendritic spine and synapse morphology in the rat hippocampus. CARM1 was localized in hippocampal post-synapses, with immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy revealing co-localization of CARM1 with post-synaptic density (PSD)-95 protein, a post-synaptic marker. Specific siRNA-mediated suppression of CARM1 expression resulted in precocious dendritic maturation, with increased spine width and density at sites along dendrites and induction of mushroom-type spines. These changes were accompanied by a striking increase in the cluster size and number of key synaptic proteins, including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) and PSD-95. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of CARM1 activity with the CARM1-specific inhibitor AMI-1 significantly increased spine width and mushroom-type spines and also increased the cluster size and number of NR2B and cluster size of PSD-95. These results suggest that CARM1 is a post-synaptic protein that plays roles in dendritic maturation and synaptic formation and that spatiotemporal regulation of CARM1 activity modulates neuronal connectivity and improves synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chol Seung Lim
- From the Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | - Daniel L Alkon
- From the Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
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Ripamonti S, Ambrozkiewicz MC, Guzzi F, Gravati M, Biella G, Bormuth I, Hammer M, Tuffy LP, Sigler A, Kawabe H, Nishimori K, Toselli M, Brose N, Parenti M, Rhee J. Transient oxytocin signaling primes the development and function of excitatory hippocampal neurons. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28231043 PMCID: PMC5323041 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its role in parturition and lactation, oxytocin influences higher brain processes that control social behavior of mammals, and perturbed oxytocin signaling has been linked to the pathogenesis of several psychiatric disorders. However, it is still largely unknown how oxytocin exactly regulates neuronal function. We show that early, transient oxytocin exposure in vitro inhibits the development of hippocampal glutamatergic neurons, leading to reduced dendrite complexity, synapse density, and excitatory transmission, while sparing GABAergic neurons. Conversely, genetic elimination of oxytocin receptors increases the expression of protein components of excitatory synapses and excitatory synaptic transmission in vitro. In vivo, oxytocin-receptor-deficient hippocampal pyramidal neurons develop more complex dendrites, which leads to increased spine number and reduced γ-oscillations. These results indicate that oxytocin controls the development of hippocampal excitatory neurons and contributes to the maintenance of a physiological excitation/inhibition balance, whose disruption can cause neurobehavioral disturbances. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22466.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ripamonti
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mateusz C Ambrozkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Cortical Development, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Guzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMi - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Gravati
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ingo Bormuth
- Cortical Development, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthieu Hammer
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liam P Tuffy
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Sigler
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mauro Toselli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Parenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMi - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Monza, Italy
| | - JeongSeop Rhee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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44
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Zettergren A, Karlsson S, Studer E, Sarvimäki A, Kettunen P, Thorsell A, Sihlbom C, Westberg L. Proteomic analyses of limbic regions in neonatal male, female and androgen receptor knockout mice. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:9. [PMID: 28056817 PMCID: PMC5217640 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well-established that organizational effects of sex steroids during early development are fundamental for sex-typical displays of, for example, mating and aggressive behaviors in rodents and other species. Male and female brains are known to differ with respect to neuronal morphology in particular regions of the brain, including the number and size of neurons, and the density and length of dendrites in nuclei of hypothalamus and amygdala. The aim of the present study was to use global proteomics to identify proteins differentially expressed in hypothalamus/amygdala during early development (postnatal day 8) of male, female and conditional androgen receptor knockout (ARNesDel) male mice, lacking androgen receptors specifically in the brain. Furthermore, verification of selected sexually dimorphic proteins was performed using targeted proteomics. Results Our proteomic approach, iTRAQ, allowed us to investigate expression differences in the 2998 most abundantly expressed proteins in our dissected tissues. Approximately 170 proteins differed between the sexes, and 38 proteins between ARNesDel and control males (p < 0.05). In line with previous explorative studies of sexually dimorphic gene expression we mainly detected subtle protein expression differences (fold changes <1.3). The protein MARCKS (myristoylated alanine rich C kinase substrate), having the largest fold change of the proteins selected from the iTRAQ analyses and of known importance for synaptic transmission and dendritic branching, was confirmed by targeted proteomics as differentially expressed between the sexes. Conclusions Overall, our results provide solid evidence that a large number of proteins show sex differences in their brain expression and could potentially be involved in brain sexual differentiation. Furthermore, our finding of a sexually dimorphic expression of MARCKS in the brain during development warrants further investigation on the involvement in sexual differentiation of this protein. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-016-0332-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zettergren
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, POB 431, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Karlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, POB 431, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erik Studer
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, POB 431, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anna Sarvimäki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, POB 431, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Neuropathology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Annika Thorsell
- The Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- The Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, POB 431, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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45
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OKAZAWA H. Ultra-Early Phase pathologies of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:361-377. [PMID: 28603208 PMCID: PMC5709537 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutics targeting these intractable diseases are changing rapidly. Protein aggregation as the top of pathological cascade is now challenged, and many alternative ideas are proposed. Early molecular pathologies before microscopic detection of diseases protein aggregates, which I propose to call "Ultra-Early Phase pathologies or phase 0 pathologies", are the focus of research that might explain the failures of clinical trials with anti-Aβ antibodies against Alzheimer's disease. In this review article, I summarize the critical issues that should be successfully and consistently answered by a new concept of neurodegeneration. For reevaluating old concepts and reconstructing a new concept of neurodegeneration that will replace the old ones, non-biased comprehensive approaches including proteome combined with systems biology analyses will be a powerful tool. I introduce our recent efforts in this orientation that have reached to the stage of non-clinical proof of concept applicable to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi OKAZAWA
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Mechanisms of radiotherapy-associated cognitive disability in patients with brain tumours. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 13:52-64. [PMID: 27982041 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumours includes high-dose megavoltage-range radiation to the cranial vault. About half of patients survive >6 months, and many attain long-term control or cure. However, 50-90% of survivors exhibit disabling cognitive dysfunction. The radiation-associated cognitive syndrome is poorly understood and has no effective prevention or long-term treatment. Attention has primarily focused on mechanisms of disability that appear at 6 months to 1 year after radiotherapy. However, recent studies show that CNS alterations and dysfunction develop much earlier following radiation exposure. This finding has prompted the hypothesis that subtle early forms of radiation-induced CNS damage could drive chronic pathophysiological processes that lead to permanent cognitive decline. This Review presents evidence of acute radiation-triggered CNS inflammation, injury to neuronal lineages, accessory cells and their progenitors, and loss of supporting structure integrity. Moreover, injury-related processes initiated soon after irradiation could synergistically alter the signalling microenvironment in progenitor cell niches in the brain and the hippocampus, which is a structure critical to memory and cognition. Progenitor cell niche degradation could cause progressive neuronal loss and cognitive disability. The concluding discussion addresses future directions and potential early treatments that might reverse degenerative processes before they can cause permanent cognitive disability.
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47
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Ambrogini P, Betti M, Galati C, Di Palma M, Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Galli F, Cuppini R, Minelli A. α-Tocopherol and Hippocampal Neural Plasticity in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2107. [PMID: 27983697 PMCID: PMC5187907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is an "umbrella term" referring to the complex, multifaceted physiological processes that mediate the ongoing structural and functional modifications occurring, at various time- and size-scales, in the ever-changing immature and adult brain, and that represent the basis for fundamental neurocognitive behavioral functions; in addition, maladaptive neuroplasticity plays a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. Experiential cues and several endogenous and exogenous factors can regulate neuroplasticity; among these, vitamin E, and in particular α-tocopherol (α-T), the isoform with highest bioactivity, exerts potent effects on many plasticity-related events in both the physiological and pathological brain. In this review, the role of vitamin E/α-T in regulating diverse aspects of neuroplasticity is analyzed and discussed, focusing on the hippocampus, a brain structure that remains highly plastic throughout the lifespan and is involved in cognitive functions. Vitamin E-mediated influences on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and related cognitive behavior, on post-natal development and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as on cellular and molecular disruptions in kainate-induced temporal seizures are described. Besides underscoring the relevance of its antioxidant properties, non-antioxidant functions of vitamin E/α-T, mainly involving regulation of cell signaling molecules and their target proteins, have been highlighted to help interpret the possible mechanisms underlying the effects on neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michele Betti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Claudia Galati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - David Savelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Minelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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48
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Arnsten AFT, Wang M. Targeting Prefrontal Cortical Systems for Drug Development: Potential Therapies for Cognitive Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 56:339-60. [PMID: 26738476 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Medications to treat cognitive disorders are increasingly needed, yet researchers have had few successes in this challenging arena. Cognitive abilities in primates arise from highly evolved N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor circuits in layer III of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These circuits have unique modulatory needs that can differ from the layer V neurons that predominate in rodents, but they offer multiple therapeutic targets. Cognitive improvement often requires low doses that enhance the pattern of information held in working memory, whereas higher doses can produce nonspecific changes that obscure information. Identifying appropriate doses for clinical trials may be helped by assessments in monkeys and by flexible, individualized dose designs. The use of guanfacine (Intuniv) for prefrontal cortical disorders was based on research in monkeys, supporting this approach. Coupling our knowledge of higher primate circuits with the powerful methods now available in drug design will help create effective treatments for cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; ,
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; ,
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49
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Tabet R, Vitale N, Moine H. Fragile X syndrome: Are signaling lipids the missing culprits? Biochimie 2016; 130:188-194. [PMID: 27597551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism. FXS results from the absence of FMRP, an RNA binding protein associated to ribosomes that influences the translation of specific mRNAs in post-synaptic compartments of neurons. The main molecular consequence of the absence of FMRP is an excessive translation of neuronal protein in several areas of the brain. This local protein synthesis deregulation is proposed to underlie the defect in synaptic plasticity responsible for FXS. Recent findings in neurons of the fragile X mouse model (Fmr1-KO) uncovered another consequence of the lack of FMRP: a deregulation of the diacylglycerol (DAG)/phosphatidic acid (PA) homeostasis. DAG and PA are two interconvertible lipids that influence membrane architecture and that act as essential signaling molecules that activate various downstream effectors, including master regulators of local protein synthesis and actin polymerization. As a consequence, DAG and PA govern a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, vesicle/membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal organization. At the synapse, the level of these lipids is proposed to influence the synaptic activation status. FMRP appears as a master regulator of this neuronal process by controlling the translation of a diacylglycerol kinase enzyme that converts DAG into PA. The deregulated levels of DAG and PA caused by the absence of FMRP could represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardos Tabet
- Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR3212 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Moine
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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50
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HMGB1, a pathogenic molecule that induces neurite degeneration via TLR4-MARCKS, is a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31895. [PMID: 27557632 PMCID: PMC4997258 DOI: 10.1038/srep31895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, but it remains an intractable condition. Its pathogenesis is predominantly attributed to the aggregation and transmission of two molecules, Aβ and tau; however, other pathological mechanisms are possible. Here, we reveal that phosphorylation of MARCKS, a submembrane protein that regulates the stability of the actin network, occurs at Ser46 prior to aggregation of Aβ and is sustained throughout the course of AD in human and mouse brains. Furthermore, HMGB1 released from necrotic or hyperexcitatory neurons binds to TLR4, triggers the specific phosphorylation of MARCKS via MAP kinases, and induces neurite degeneration, the classical hallmark of AD pathology. Subcutaneous injection of a newly developed monoclonal antibody against HMGB1 strongly inhibits neurite degeneration even in the presence of Aβ plaques and completely recovers cognitive impairment in a mouse model. HMGB1 and Aβ mutually affect polymerization of the other molecule, and the therapeutic effects of the anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody are mediated by Aβ-dependent and Aβ-independent mechanisms. We propose that HMGB1 is a critical pathogenic molecule promoting AD pathology in parallel with Aβ and tau and a new key molecular target of preclinical antibody therapy to delay the onset of AD.
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